From 3e851e961ed128e27641fe3151883c80df0cf59f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Onur Temizkan <onurtemizkan@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 11:44:28 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 001/606] (docs) Fix wrong output in `iterator` page.

---
 docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
index 6961d8e3e..ec40f3e13 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Iterating over axis 1:
         std::cout << *iter++ << std::endl;
     }
     // Prints:
-    // { 1, 5, 13 } 
+    // { 1, 5, 9 } 
     // { 2, 6, 10 }
     // { 3, 7, 11 }
     // { 4, 8, 12 }

From 18cb139f1cba007785319ef25eea4cb211e712ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: neok-m4700 <neok-m4700@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2020 23:21:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 002/606] docs: add linear indexing example

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 7657d9352..f1ad924e5 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -130,6 +130,9 @@ Slicing and indexing
 +=====================================================+=====================================================+
 | ``a[3, 2]``                                         | ``a(3, 2)``                                         |
 +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a.flat[4]``                                       || ``a[4]``                                           |
+|                                                     || ``a(4)``                                           |
++-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
 | ``a[3]``                                            || ``xt::view(a, 3, xt::all())``                      |
 |                                                     || ``xt::row(a, 3)``                                  |
 +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

From f0179648bd9a9370bb7bfbaf1d918496c9754717 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 21:48:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 003/606] Fix variance overload

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp             | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++----
 test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp |  6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 9ee5d010e..93a911b34 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@ namespace detail {
         return detail::mean_noaxis<void>(square(abs(sc - mean(sc, es))), ddof, es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class D=int, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<EVS>>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
       return variance(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
@@ -2182,13 +2182,23 @@ namespace detail {
                       es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
                         es);
     }
+
+    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
+    {
+      return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
+                      xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                      ddof,
+                      es);
+    }
 #else
     template <class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
@@ -2198,13 +2208,23 @@ namespace detail {
                       es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
                         xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
                         es);
     }
+
+    template <class E, class A, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    inline auto variance(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
+    {
+        return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
+                        xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                        ddof,
+                        es);
+    }
 #endif
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
index e7447803b..07acaeb99 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
@@ -1268,17 +1268,23 @@ namespace xt
         auto st_all = xt::stddev(py_a);
         auto vr_all = xt::variance(py_a);
         auto vr_all_ddof = xt::variance(py_a, {0, 1, 2, 3}, 1);
+        std::vector<size_t> axes_all = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+        auto vr_all_ddof_with_axes_arr = xt::variance(py_a, axes_all, 1);
 
         auto st = xt::stddev(py_a, {0, 2});
         auto vr = xt::variance(py_a, {0, 2});
         auto vr_ddof = xt::variance(py_a, {0, 2}, 1);
+        std::vector<size_t> axes02 = {0, 2};
+        auto vr_ddof_with_axes_arr = xt::variance(py_a, axes02, 1);
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(st_all, py_st_all));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_all, py_vr_all));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_all_ddof, py_vr_all_ddof));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_all_ddof_with_axes_arr, py_vr_all_ddof));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(st, py_st));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr, py_vr));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_ddof, py_vr_ddof));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_ddof_with_axes_arr, py_vr_ddof));
     }
 
 }

From 2eb96663c95d9f1d90f73fe3a41120daa5d23ccd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2020 23:23:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 004/606] Add result type template argument for stddev,
 variance, nanstd and nanvar

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp       | 133 +++++++++++++++++---------------
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp |  53 +++++++++++--
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp    |  67 ++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 93a911b34..4a9025341 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2081,26 +2081,27 @@ namespace detail {
         }
     }
 
-    template <class E, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, std::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
-        return detail::mean_noaxis<void>(square(abs(sc - mean(sc, es))), ddof, es);
+        return detail::mean_noaxis<T>(square(sc - mean<T>(sc, es)), ddof, es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return variance(std::forward<E>(e), 0u, es);
+        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), 0u, es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return sqrt(variance(std::forward<E>(e), es));
+        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
+        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es)));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2121,7 +2122,7 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa stddev, mean
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
@@ -2129,7 +2130,7 @@ namespace detail {
         // note: forcing copy of first axes argument -- is there a better solution?
         auto axes_copy = axes;
         // always eval to prevent repeated evaluations in the next calls
-        auto inner_mean = eval(mean(sc, std::move(axes_copy), evaluation_strategy::immediate));
+        auto inner_mean = eval(mean<T>(sc, std::move(axes_copy), evaluation_strategy::immediate));
 
         // fake keep_dims = 1
         auto keep_dim_shape = e.shape();
@@ -2139,14 +2140,14 @@ namespace detail {
         }
 
         auto mrv = reshape_view<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(std::move(inner_mean), std::move(keep_dim_shape));
-        return detail::mean<void>(square(abs(sc - std::move(mrv))), std::forward<X>(axes), ddof, es);
+        return detail::mean<T>(square(sc - std::move(mrv)), std::forward<X>(axes), ddof, es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-      return variance(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
+      return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2166,64 +2167,65 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa variance, mean
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return sqrt(variance(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
+        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
+        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es)));
     }
 
 #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return stddev(std::forward<E>(e),
-                      xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                      es);
+        return stddev<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                         es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
-                        xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                        es);
+        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                           xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                           es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-      return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
-                      xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                      ddof,
-                      es);
+      return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                         ddof,
+                         es);
     }
 #else
-    template <class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return stddev(std::forward<E>(e),
-                      xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                      es);
+        return stddev<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                         xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                         es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
-                        xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                        es);
+        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                           xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                           es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return variance(std::forward<E>(e),
-                        xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                        ddof,
-                        es);
+        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                           xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                           ddof,
+                           es);
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -2713,19 +2715,20 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 #endif
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
-        return nanmean(square(abs(sc - nanmean(sc))), es);
+        return nanmean<T>(square(sc - nanmean<T>(sc)), es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return sqrt(nanvar(std::forward<E>(e), es));
+        using result_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
+        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es)));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2745,14 +2748,15 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa nanstd, nanmean
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
         // note: forcing copy of first axes argument -- is there a better solution?
         auto axes_copy = axes;
-        auto inner_mean = nanmean(sc, std::move(axes_copy));
+        using result_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
+        auto inner_mean = nanmean<result_type>(sc, std::move(axes_copy));
 
         // fake keep_dims = 1
         auto keep_dim_shape = e.shape();
@@ -2761,7 +2765,7 @@ namespace detail {
             keep_dim_shape[el] = 1;
         }
         auto mrv = reshape_view<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(std::move(inner_mean), std::move(keep_dim_shape));
-        return nanmean(square(abs(sc - std::move(mrv))), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
+        return nanmean<result_type>(square(sc - std::move(mrv)), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2781,44 +2785,45 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa nanvar, nanmean
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return sqrt(nanvar(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
+        using result_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
+        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es)));
     }
 
 #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return nanstd(std::forward<E>(e),
-                      xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                      es);
+        return nanstd<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                         es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return nanvar(std::forward<E>(e),
-                      xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                      es);
+        return nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                         es);
     }
 #else
-    template <class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return nanstd(std::forward<E>(e),
-                      xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                      es);
+        return nanstd<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                         xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                         es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return nanvar(std::forward<E>(e),
-                      xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                      es);
+        return nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
+                         xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+                         es);
     }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index 52e11ef00..afcea8dcd 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -66,21 +66,32 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT), signed int);                      \
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<int>(INPUT), int);                                    \
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT), unsigned long long);      \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT), signed long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT), signed long long);          \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<long long>(INPUT), long long);                        \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<float>(INPUT), float);                                \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<double>(INPUT), double);
 
     TEST(xmath, result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<unsigned char> auchar(shape);
         xarray<short> ashort(shape);
+        xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
         xarray<int> aint(shape);
         xarray<unsigned int> auint(shape);
+        xarray<long long> along(shape);
         xarray<unsigned long long> aulong(shape);
         xarray<float> afloat(shape);
         xarray<double> adouble(shape);
         xarray<std::complex<float>> afcomplex(shape);
         xarray<std::complex<double>> adcomplex(shape);
 
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT)                                   \
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, INPUT)                                     \
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(variance, INPUT)
+// FIXME: the first 6 checks in "#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)" fail
+//        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(stddev, INPUT)
+
         /*****************
          * unsigned char *
          *****************/
@@ -92,7 +103,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(auchar), unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(auchar), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(auchar), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned char));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, auchar);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auchar);
 
         /*********
          * short *
@@ -105,7 +116,20 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(ashort), long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(ashort), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(ashort), ARRAY_TYPE(short));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, ashort);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort);
+
+        /******************
+         * unsigned short *
+         ******************/
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aushort + aushort, int);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2u * aushort, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * aushort, double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(aushort), double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(aushort), unsigned short);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aushort), unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aushort), double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aushort), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned short));
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort);
 
         /*******
          * int *
@@ -118,7 +142,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aint), long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aint), ARRAY_TYPE(int));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, aint);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint);
 
         /****************
          * unsigned int *
@@ -131,7 +155,20 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(auint), unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(auint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(auint), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned int));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, auint);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint);
+
+        /**********************
+         * long long *
+         **********************/
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(along + along, signed long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * along, signed long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * along, double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(along), double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(along), signed long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(along), signed long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(along), double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(along), ARRAY_TYPE(signed long long));
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along);
 
         /**********************
          * unsigned long long *
@@ -144,7 +181,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aulong), unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aulong), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aulong), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned long long));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, aulong);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong);
 
         /*********
          * float *
@@ -157,7 +194,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(afloat), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(afloat), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(afloat), ARRAY_TYPE(float));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, afloat);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat);
 
         /**********
          * double *
@@ -169,7 +206,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(adouble), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(adouble), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(adouble), ARRAY_TYPE(double));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, adouble);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble);
 
         /***********************
          * std::complex<float> *
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index dc3cb89fa..ded72ea60 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -202,34 +202,73 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xnanfunctions, result_type) {
         shape_type shape = {4, 3, 2};
+        xarray<short> ashort(shape);
+        xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
         xarray<int> aint(shape);
+        xarray<unsigned int> auint(shape);
+        xarray<long long> along(shape);
+        xarray<unsigned long long> aulong(shape);
         xarray<float> afloat(shape);
         xarray<double> adouble(shape);
 
+#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)                               \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE);                      \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);                          \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);                           \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);
+
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)                     \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)          \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)         \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)          \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)
+
+        /*********
+         * short *
+         *********/
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, short);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int);
+
+        /******************
+         * unsigned short *
+         ******************/
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, unsigned short);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, unsigned int);
+
         /*********
          * int *
          *********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(aint, {1, 2}), int);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(aint, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(aint, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(aint, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<int>(aint, {1, 2}), int);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int);
+
+        /****************
+         * unsigned int *
+         ****************/
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int);
+
+        /**********************
+         * long long *
+         **********************/
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long);
+
+        /**********************
+         * unsigned long long *
+         **********************/
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long);
 
         /*********
          * float *
          *********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(afloat, {1, 2}), float);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(afloat, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(afloat, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(afloat, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<float>(afloat, {1, 2}), float);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float);
 
         /**********
          * double *
          **********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(adouble, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(adouble, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(adouble, {1, 2}), double);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(adouble, {1, 2}), double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double);
     }
 }

From 7606c567fad606c3dc6e06a4d7b9a76c8555022b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 09:27:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 005/606] Added missing header to CMakeLists.txt

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 15a758873..ffe5ee863 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xarray.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xassign.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp

From 495433834fb1d62997cced9b04d8bec19017821b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 22:52:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 006/606] Fixed xview on const keep and const drop slices

---
 docs/source/quickref/basic.rst |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp      |  3 ++-
 test/test_xview.cpp            | 14 ++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
index aaa8bc213..5aa105dd0 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ length of the underlying buffer and remaining dimensions:
     std::cout << a0 << std::endl;
     // outputs {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6. }}
 
-    xt::xtensor<double, 2> a1 = {{1. 2.}, {3., 4.}, {5., 6.}};
+    xt::xtensor<double, 2> a1 = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}, {5., 6.}};
     a1.reshape({-1, 3});
     std::cout << a1 << std::endl;
     // outputs {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6. }}
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 52e3837ba..911b84d05 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ namespace xt
         // If we have no discontiguous slices, we can calculate strides for this view.
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_strided_view
-            : std::integral_constant<bool, xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>, is_strided_slice_impl<S>...>::value>
+            : std::integral_constant<bool, xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>,
+                                                            is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
         {
         };
 
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index f35e4344e..9120ea983 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -1120,6 +1120,20 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(v1, exp_v1);
     }
 
+    TEST(xview, const_keep_drop_slice)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> xs = xt::arange<double>(10);
+        const auto kidx = xt::keep(0, 3, 5);
+        const auto didx = xt::drop(1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9);
+        auto kv = xt::view(xs, kidx);
+        auto dv = xt::view(xs, didx);
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> kres = kv;
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> dres = dv;
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> expected = { 0., 3., 5. };
+        EXPECT_EQ(kres, expected);
+        EXPECT_EQ(dres, expected);
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, mixed_types)
     {
         xt::xarray<std::uint8_t> input;

From 42f296e8c96a42317b2bdf15ec11209b4d379858 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2020 16:01:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 007/606] Improved reducer function documentation

---
 docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 docs/source/pitfall.rst                | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp              |  3 +--
 3 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
index 4709d9573..643cf7b13 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
@@ -11,22 +11,40 @@ Reducing functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _sum-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _prod-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _mean-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _variance-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _variance-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, const D&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _stddev-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
@@ -35,10 +53,16 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: diff(const xexpression<T>&, unsigned int, std::ptrdiff_t)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _amax-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _amin-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index bac01ccea..32e2423a5 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -94,3 +94,24 @@ like so:
     auto xr2 = eval(xt::random::rand<double>({10, 10}));
 
     // now xr(0, 0) == xr(0, 0) is true.
+
+variance arguments
+------------------
+
+When ``variance`` is passed an expression and an integer parameter, this latter
+is the axis along which the variance must be computed, but the degree of freedom:
+
+.. code::
+
+    xt::xtensor<double, 2> a = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
+    std::cout << xt::variance(a, 1) << std::endl;
+    // Outputs 3.5
+
+If you want to specify an axis, you need to pass an initializer list:
+
+.. code::
+
+    xt::xtensor<double, 2> a = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
+    std::cout << xt::variance(a, {1}) << std::endl;
+    .. Outputs { 0.666667, 0.666667 }
+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 4a9025341..13e1bad27 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1852,7 +1852,6 @@ namespace detail {
      * Reducing functions *
      **********************/
 
-
     /**
      * @defgroup  red_functions reducing functions
      */
@@ -2124,7 +2123,7 @@ namespace detail {
      */
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::is_integral<D>)>
-    inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
+    inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, const D& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
         // note: forcing copy of first axes argument -- is there a better solution?

From 2038c99d7dbe386e69bcdb18ba3e86b0706676be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: neok-m4700 <neok-m4700@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2020 19:19:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 008/606] Documentation typo

---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index b394898bc..7e62da3f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * \code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
-     * xt::slice_vector sv({xt::range(0, 1)});
+     * xt::xstrided_slice_vector sv({xt::range(0, 1)});
      * sv.push_back(xt::range(0, 3, 2));
      * auto v = xt::strided_view(a, sv);
      * // ==> {{1, 3}}

From fb316664faada67a633c5be4aa406a3ff205c00f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2020 21:52:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 009/606] Added static_assert to adapt methods

---
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index 942bb7fc9..659114124 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, L, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(C&& container, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, L, std::decay_t<SC>>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container), shape, l);
     }
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ namespace xt
                            std::is_pointer<C>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<C, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<C>>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, L, std::decay_t<SC>>;
         std::size_t size = compute_size(shape);
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(C&& container, SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container),
                            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
@@ -130,6 +133,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, L, SC>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A())
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, L, SC>;
@@ -154,6 +158,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A())
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>;
@@ -226,6 +231,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<C, detail::array_size<SC>::value, L>
     adapt(C&& container, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, N, L>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container), shape, l);
@@ -242,6 +248,7 @@ namespace xt
                            std::is_pointer<C>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<C, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<C>>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<buffer_type, N, L>;
@@ -261,6 +268,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<C, detail::array_size<SC>::value, layout_type::dynamic>
     adapt(C&& container, SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, N, layout_type::dynamic>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container),
@@ -306,6 +314,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, detail::array_size<SC>::value, L>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A())
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
@@ -331,6 +340,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, detail::array_size<SC>::value, layout_type::dynamic>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A())
     {
+        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;

From eb3c54b6d0c04d19359b8706a9cc6e6288579939 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 23:33:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 010/606] Removed allocator deprecated calls

---
 include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp | 55 +++++++++++++++--------------
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp        |  3 +-
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp          |  7 ++--
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
index 852dc3f6d..2ce4a800b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
@@ -51,17 +51,18 @@ namespace xt
             using self_type = xbuffer_storage<CP, A>;
             using allocator_type = A;
             using destructor_type = allocator_type;
-            using value_type = typename allocator_type::value_type;
+            using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>;
+            using value_type = typename allocator_traits::value_type;
             using reference = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_type::const_reference,
-                                  typename allocator_type::reference>;
-            using const_reference = typename allocator_type::const_reference;
+                                  const value_type&,
+                                  value_type&>;
+            using const_reference = const value_type&;
             using pointer = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_type::const_pointer,
-                                  typename allocator_type::pointer>;
-            using const_pointer = typename allocator_type::const_pointer;
-            using size_type = typename allocator_type::size_type;
-            using difference_type = typename allocator_type::difference_type;
+                                  typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
+                                  typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
+            using const_pointer = typename allocator_traits::const_pointer;
+            using size_type = typename allocator_traits::size_type;
+            using difference_type = typename allocator_traits::difference_type;
 
             xbuffer_storage();
 
@@ -91,16 +92,17 @@ namespace xt
             using destructor_type = D;
             using value_type = std::remove_const_t<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>;
             using allocator_type = std::allocator<value_type>;
+            using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>;
             using reference = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_type::const_reference,
-                                  typename allocator_type::reference>;
-            using const_reference = typename allocator_type::const_reference;
+                                  const value_type&,
+                                  value_type&>;
+            using const_reference = const value_type&;
             using pointer = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_type::const_pointer,
-                                  typename allocator_type::pointer>;
-            using const_pointer = typename allocator_type::const_pointer;
-            using size_type = typename allocator_type::size_type;
-            using difference_type = typename allocator_type::difference_type;
+                                  typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
+                                  typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
+            using const_pointer = typename allocator_traits::const_pointer;
+            using size_type = typename allocator_traits::size_type;
+            using difference_type = typename allocator_traits::difference_type;
 
             xbuffer_smart_pointer();
 
@@ -130,17 +132,18 @@ namespace xt
             using self_type = xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A>;
             using allocator_type = A;
             using destructor_type = allocator_type;
-            using value_type = typename allocator_type::value_type;
+            using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>;
+            using value_type = typename allocator_traits::value_type;
             using reference = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_type::const_reference,
-                                  typename allocator_type::reference>;
-            using const_reference = typename allocator_type::const_reference;
+                                  const value_type&,
+                                  value_type&>;
+            using const_reference = const value_type&;
             using pointer = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_type::const_pointer,
-                                  typename allocator_type::pointer>;
-            using const_pointer = typename allocator_type::const_pointer;
-            using size_type = typename allocator_type::size_type;
-            using difference_type = typename allocator_type::difference_type;
+                                  typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
+                                  typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
+            using const_pointer = typename allocator_traits::const_pointer;
+            using size_type = typename allocator_traits::size_type;
+            using difference_type = typename allocator_traits::difference_type;
 
             xbuffer_owner_storage() = default;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index 838c08f96..f702bee30 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1329,7 +1329,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class X, class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool B>
     struct rebind_container<X, svector<T, N, A, B>>
     {
-        using allocator = typename A::template rebind<X>::other;
+        using traits = std::allocator_traits<A>;
+        using allocator = typename traits::template rebind_alloc<X>;
         using type = svector<X, N, allocator, B>;
     };
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index ce3ce72f8..5a3f31bce 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
@@ -736,7 +737,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class U>
         struct rebind
         {
-            using other = tracking_allocator<U, typename A::template rebind<U>::other, P>;
+            using traits = std::allocator_traits<A>;
+            using other = tracking_allocator<U, typename traits::template rebind_alloc<U>, P>;
         };
     };
 
@@ -774,7 +776,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class X, template <class, class> class C, class T, class A>
     struct rebind_container<X, C<T, A>>
     {
-        using allocator = typename A::template rebind<X>::other;
+        using traits = std::allocator_traits<A>;
+        using allocator = typename traits::template rebind_alloc<X>;
         using type = C<X, allocator>;
     };
 

From 814038ec48a46281646f797ae6d08f56ab6e881b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Apr 2020 23:04:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 011/606] Added missing overload of push_back

---
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp | 11 +++++++++++
 test/test_xstorage.cpp       |  6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index f702bee30..c752159bc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -677,6 +677,7 @@ namespace xt
         const_pointer data() const;
 
         void push_back(const T& elt);
+        void push_back(T&& elt);
         void pop_back();
 
         iterator begin();
@@ -985,6 +986,16 @@ namespace xt
         *(m_end++) = elt;
     }
 
+    template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
+    void svector<T, N, A, Init>::push_back(T&& elt)
+    {
+        if (m_end >= m_capacity)
+        {
+            grow();
+        }
+        *(m_end++) = std::move(elt);
+    }
+
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     void svector<T, N, A, Init>::pop_back()
     {
diff --git a/test/test_xstorage.cpp b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
index dd5a216c3..91a9f1ac8 100644
--- a/test/test_xstorage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
@@ -107,15 +107,21 @@ namespace xt
         v2.erase(v2.begin() + 1, v2.end());
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s2.begin(), s2.end(), v2.begin()));
 
+        std::size_t i1 = 50;
+        std::size_t i2 = 50;
         EXPECT_TRUE(s2.on_stack());
         s2.push_back(10);
         s2.push_back(20);
         s2.push_back(30);
         s2.push_back(40);
+        s2.push_back(i1);
+        s2.push_back(std::move(i1));
         v2.push_back(10);
         v2.push_back(20);
         v2.push_back(30);
         v2.push_back(40);
+        v2.push_back(i2);
+        v2.push_back(std::move(i2));
         EXPECT_FALSE(s2.on_stack());
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s2.begin(), s2.end(), v2.begin()));
     }

From c2b3a686f61e500887ec40da899a7140bca870c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Clifton <andrew.r.clifton3.civ@mail.mil>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2020 15:39:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 012/606] Initialized all members of xfunction_cache_impl to
 avoid sanitizer errors.

---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index c0091547b..dabd2a7e1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace xt
             bool is_trivial;
             bool is_initialized;
 
-            xfunction_cache_impl() : shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))), is_initialized(false) {}
+            xfunction_cache_impl() : shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))), is_initialized(false), is_trivial(false) {}
         };
 
         template<std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>

From 1651d60d09fdf50e4509a1c8af6f0a2fded0c6d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2020 11:13:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 013/606] Release 0.21.5

---
 README.md                          |  6 +-----
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index bde02af68..8fa618da7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
+|  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.4   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.3   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
 |  0.21.2   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
@@ -110,11 +111,6 @@ library:
 |  0.20.2   | ^0.6.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
 |  0.20.1   | ^0.6.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
 |  0.20.0   | ^0.6.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.19.4   | ^0.5.3  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.19.3   | ^0.5.3  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.19.2   | ^0.5.3  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.19.1   | ^0.5.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.19.0   | ^0.5.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
 
 The dependency on `xsimd` is required if you want to enable SIMD acceleration
 in `xtensor`. This can be done by defining the macro `XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD`
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 1ff61b0fc..b456e6f28 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,35 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.21.5
+------
+
+- Fix segfault when using ``xt::drop`` on an empty list of indices
+  `#1990 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1990>`_
+- Implemented missing methods in ``xrepeat`` class
+  `#1993 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1993>`_
+- Added extension base to ``xrepeat`` and clean up ``xbroadcast``
+  `#1994 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1994>`_
+- Fix return type of ``nanmean`` and add unittest
+  `#1996 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1996>`_
+- Add result type template argument for ``stddev``, ``variance``, ``nanstd`` and ``nanvar``
+  `#1999 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1999>`_
+- Fix variance overload
+  `#2002 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2002>`_
+- Added missing ``xaxis_slice_iterator`` header to CMakeLists.txt
+  `#2009 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2009>`_
+- Fixed xview on const keep and const drop slices
+  `#2010 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2010>`_
+- Added ``static_assert`` to ``adapt`` methods
+  `#2015 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2015>`_
+- Removed allocator deprecated calls
+  `#2018 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2018>`_
+- Added missing overload of ``push_back`` to ``svector``
+  `#2024 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2024>`_
+- Initialized all members of ``xfunciton_cache_impl``
+  `#2026 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2026>`_
+
+
 0.21.4
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 568c2a764..ce388ff0a 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.21.4
+  - xtensor=0.21.5
   - xtensor-blas=0.17.2
   - xeus-cling=0.8.1
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index e615f5173..26cb4ccc6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 5-dev
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 5
 
 // DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
 #ifdef __clang__

From f87154ddd8c524cc91c346032ec52087452aa548 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2020 11:14:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 014/606] Starting 0.21.6-dev

---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 26cb4ccc6..271cfd1a2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 5
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6-dev
 
 // DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
 #ifdef __clang__

From 1a81770b4d5f138f78f21085a9bee8ab2eeedc8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2020 18:25:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 015/606] Removing unused parameter

---
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index cdd6ad64b..ab1c0d832 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace xt
 {
     template <class CT, class R>
     class xrepeat;
-    
+
     template <class S, class R>
     class xrepeat_stepper;
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class S>
         bool has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept;
-        
+
         const_stepper stepper_begin() const;
         const_stepper stepper_begin(const shape_type& s) const;
 
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class R>
     template <class S>
-    inline bool xrepeat<CT, R>::broadcast_shape(S& shape, bool reuse_cache) const
+    inline bool xrepeat<CT, R>::broadcast_shape(S& shape, bool) const
     {
         return xt::broadcast_shape(m_shape, shape);
     }

From e4f2bc5b596acf28aa25aa01752f6aa74a3222f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2020 18:30:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 016/606] Fixing compiler warning

---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index dabd2a7e1..702ead106 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace xt
             bool is_trivial;
             bool is_initialized;
 
-            xfunction_cache_impl() : shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))), is_initialized(false), is_trivial(false) {}
+            xfunction_cache_impl() : shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))), is_trivial(false), is_initialized(false) {}
         };
 
         template<std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ namespace xt
                            has_simd_interface<std::decay_t<CT>, T>...>
     {
     };
-                            
+
     /*************
      * xfunction *
      *************/

From 0805f0db44edd52fee9f373b88d40682b22de4e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2020 22:42:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 017/606] Fixed azure-pipelines

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
index bc9187ecf..282a8acfd 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Removing homebrew for Azure to avoid conflicts with conda"
           curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall > ~/uninstall_homebrew
           chmod +x ~/uninstall_homebrew
-          ~/uninstall_homebrew -fq
+          ~/uninstall_homebrew -f -q
         displayName: Remove homebrew
 
       - bash: |

From 0df4cd152f621d8f5c4230929bbb7c808efcbef1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:26:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 018/606] Adding isin and in1d

---
 CMakeLists.txt                     |   1 +
 docs/source/numpy.rst              |   4 +
 include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp     |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp | 140 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp         |  21 +++++
 test/CMakeLists.txt                |   1 +
 test/test_xoperation.cpp           |   1 +
 test/test_xset_operation.cpp       |  39 ++++++++
 8 files changed, 208 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
 create mode 100644 test/test_xset_operation.cpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index ffe5ee863..a90850c40 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xshape.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xslice.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xsort.hpp
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index f1ad924e5..36d1cc723 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -299,6 +299,10 @@ where ``condition`` is falsy, and it does not evaluate ``b`` where ``condition``
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``np.all(a)``                                 | ``xt::all(a)``                                |
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
+| ``np.isin(a, b)``                             | ``xt::isin(a, b)``                            |
++-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
+| ``np.in1d(a, b)``                             | ``xt::in1d(a, b)``                            |
++-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``np.logical_and(a, b)``                      | ``a && b``                                    |
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``np.logical_or(a, b)``                       | ``a || b``                                    |
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
index 4c8018f66..df18aa973 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
@@ -959,6 +959,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<typename detail::cast<R>::functor>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
+
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9488054d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_XSET_OPERATION_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_XSET_OPERATION_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+
+#include "xfunction.hpp"
+#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "xscalar.hpp"
+#include "xstrides.hpp"
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xmath.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup logical_operators
+    * @brief isin
+    *
+    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+    * @param element an \ref xexpression
+    * @param test_elements an array
+    * @return a boolean array
+    */
+    template <class E, class T>
+    inline auto isin(E&& element, std::initializer_list<T> test_elements) noexcept
+    {
+        auto lambda = [test_elements](const auto& t) {
+            return std::find(test_elements.begin(), test_elements.end(), t) != test_elements.end(); };
+        return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup logical_operators
+    * @brief isin
+    *
+    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+    * @param element an \ref xexpression
+    * @param test_elements an array
+    * @return a boolean array
+    */
+    template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
+    inline auto isin(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
+    {
+        auto lambda = [&test_elements](const auto& t) {
+            return std::find(test_elements.begin(), test_elements.end(), t) != test_elements.end(); };
+        return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup logical_operators
+    * @brief isin
+    *
+    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+    * @param element an \ref xexpression
+    * @param test_elements_begin iterator to the beginning of an array
+    * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
+    * @return a boolean array
+    */
+    template <class E, class I, class = typename std::enable_if_t<is_iterator<I>::value>>
+    inline auto isin(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
+    {
+        auto lambda = [&test_elements_begin, &test_elements_end](const auto& t) {
+            return std::find(test_elements_begin, test_elements_end, t) != test_elements_end; };
+        return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup logical_operators
+    * @brief in1d
+    *
+    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+    * @param element an \ref xexpression
+    * @param test_elements an array
+    * @return a boolean array
+    */
+    template <class E, class T>
+    inline auto in1d(E&& element, std::initializer_list<T> test_elements) noexcept
+    {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
+        return isin(std::forward<E>(element), std::forward<std::initializer_list<T>>(test_elements));
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup logical_operators
+    * @brief in1d
+    *
+    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+    * @param element an \ref xexpression
+    * @param test_elements an array
+    * @return a boolean array
+    */
+    template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
+    inline auto in1d(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
+    {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(test_elements.dimension() == 1ul);
+        return isin(std::forward<E>(element), std::forward<F>(test_elements));
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup logical_operators
+    * @brief in1d
+    *
+    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+    * @param element an \ref xexpression
+    * @param test_elements_begin iterator to the beginning of an array
+    * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
+    * @return a boolean array
+    */
+    template <class E, class I, class = typename std::enable_if_t<is_iterator<I>::value>>
+    inline auto in1d(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
+    {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(test_elements.dimension() == 1ul);
+        return isin(std::forward<E>(element), std::forward<I>(test_elements_begin), std::forward<I>(test_elements_end));
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 5a3f31bce..72b2066f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -609,6 +609,27 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    /******************************
+     * is_iterator implementation *
+     ******************************/
+
+    template <class E, class = void>
+    struct is_iterator : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct is_iterator<E, void_t<decltype(
+        *std::declval<const E>(),
+        std::declval<const E>() == std::declval<const E>(),
+        std::declval<const E>() != std::declval<const E>(),
+        ++ (*std::declval<E*>()),
+        (*std::declval<E*>()) ++,
+        std::true_type())>>
+        : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
     /********************************************
      * xtrivial_default_construct implemenation *
      ********************************************/
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 0bc704f33..2184a8a78 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     test_xoptional.cpp
     test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
     test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
+    test_xset_operation.cpp
     test_xrandom.cpp
     test_xrepeat.cpp
     test_xsort.cpp
diff --git a/test/test_xoperation.cpp b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
index 4dccee0a4..f9748c097 100644
--- a/test/test_xoperation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
@@ -839,4 +839,5 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
         EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
     }
+
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58c8e34e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xset_operation.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    TEST(xset_operation, isin)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<int,2> a = {{1, 2, 1}, {0, 3, 1}};
+        xt::xtensor<int,1> b = {1, 2};
+        xt::xtensor<bool,2> res = {{true, true, true}, {false, false, true}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::isin(a, b), res);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::isin(a, b.begin(), b.end()), res);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::isin(a, {1, 2}), res);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xset_operation, in1d)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<int,1> a = {1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 5, 1};
+        xt::xtensor<int,1> b = {1, 2};
+        xt::xtensor<bool,1> res = {true, true, true, false, false, false, true};
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, b), res);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, b.begin(), b.end()), res);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, {1, 2}), res);
+    }
+}

From 2ece5344cafd0d7b067936f6de7fe5e2a401c4b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 15:42:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 019/606] Fixing capture of rvalue

---
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
index 9488054d8..9cb6b3fc2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -26,6 +26,32 @@
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+
+        template<class, typename = void>
+        struct make_lambda_isin_dispatch : std::integral_constant<int, 0> {};
+
+        template<class E>
+        struct make_lambda_isin_dispatch<E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<E>::value>>
+            : std::integral_constant<int, 1> {};
+
+        template <class E>
+        inline auto make_lambda_isin(E&& e, std::integral_constant<int, 0>)
+        {
+            return [e](const auto& t) {
+                return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        inline auto make_lambda_isin(E&& e, std::integral_constant<int, 1>)
+        {
+            return [&e](const auto& t) {
+                return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
+        }
+
+    }
+
     /**
     * @ingroup logical_operators
     * @brief isin
@@ -57,8 +83,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
     {
-        auto lambda = [&test_elements](const auto& t) {
-            return std::find(test_elements.begin(), test_elements.end(), t) != test_elements.end(); };
+        auto lambda = detail::make_lambda_isin(test_elements, detail::make_lambda_isin_dispatch<E>{});
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
     }
 

From 6d00f5cee5f451a73abe44cf3d5b532f3abf5f92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 15:44:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 020/606] Fixing typo

---
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
index 9cb6b3fc2..422bd982b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -156,7 +156,6 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(test_elements.dimension() == 1ul);
         return isin(std::forward<E>(element), std::forward<I>(test_elements_begin), std::forward<I>(test_elements_end));
     }
 

From 87b7fe5f0d65980de74c3d16b65fcd93bd74272a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 16:32:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 021/606] Writing single include header

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 97 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 97 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index ffe5ee863..2680c9858 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -112,6 +112,90 @@ endif()
 # Build
 # =====
 
+function(PREPEND var prefix)
+   set(listVar "")
+   foreach(f ${ARGN})
+      list(APPEND listVar "${prefix}${f}")
+   endforeach(f)
+   set(${var} "${listVar}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(POSTFIX var postfix)
+   set(listVar "")
+   foreach(f ${ARGN})
+      list(APPEND listVar "${f}${postfix}")
+   endforeach(f)
+   set(${var} "${listVar}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+set(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE
+    xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+    xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+    xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+    xtensor/xarray.hpp
+    xtensor/xassign.hpp
+    xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+    xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+    xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+    xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+    xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+    xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+    xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+    xtensor/xcsv.hpp
+    xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+    xtensor/xeval.hpp
+    xtensor/xexception.hpp
+    xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+    # xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
+    xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
+    xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+    xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+    xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+    xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+    xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+    xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+    xtensor/xinfo.hpp
+    xtensor/xio.hpp
+    xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+    xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+    # xtensor/xjson.hpp
+    xtensor/xlayout.hpp
+    xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+    xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+    xtensor/xmath.hpp
+    # xtensor/xmime.hpp
+    xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
+    xtensor/xnorm.hpp
+    # xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+    xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
+    xtensor/xoperation.hpp
+    xtensor/xoptional.hpp
+    xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
+    xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+    xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
+    xtensor/xpad.hpp
+    xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+    xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+    xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+    xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+    xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+    xtensor/xshape.hpp
+    xtensor/xslice.hpp
+    xtensor/xsort.hpp
+    xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+    xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+    xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+    xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+    xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+    xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+    xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
+    xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
+    xtensor/xutils.hpp
+    xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
+    xtensor/xview.hpp
+    xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
+)
+
 set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -284,3 +368,16 @@ configure_file(${PROJECT_NAME}.pc.in
                 @ONLY)
 install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
         DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig/")
+
+# Write single include
+# ====================
+
+PREPEND(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#include <" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
+POSTFIX(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ">" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
+string(REPLACE ";" "\n" XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
+string(CONCAT XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#ifndef XTENSOR\n" "#define XTENSOR\n\n" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}" "\n\n#endif\n")
+
+file(WRITE "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/xtensor.hpp" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
+
+install(FILES "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/xtensor.hpp"
+        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR})

From 9a92d8db43bfcbeb7bbae79817f2869fde282c20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 17:44:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 022/606] Improving lvalue capture

---
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp | 37 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
index 422bd982b..371b2b021 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -29,26 +29,25 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
 
-        template<class, typename = void>
-        struct make_lambda_isin_dispatch : std::integral_constant<int, 0> {};
-
-        template<class E>
-        struct make_lambda_isin_dispatch<E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<E>::value>>
-            : std::integral_constant<int, 1> {};
-
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto make_lambda_isin(E&& e, std::integral_constant<int, 0>)
+        template <bool lvalue>
+        struct lambda_isin
         {
-            return [e](const auto& t) {
-                return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
-        }
-
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto make_lambda_isin(E&& e, std::integral_constant<int, 1>)
+            template <class E>
+            static auto make(E&& e)
+            {
+                return [&e](const auto& t) { return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct lambda_isin<false>
         {
-            return [&e](const auto& t) {
-                return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
-        }
+            template <class E>
+            static auto make(E&& e)
+            {
+                return [e](const auto& t) { return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
+            }
+        };
 
     }
 
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
     {
-        auto lambda = detail::make_lambda_isin(test_elements, detail::make_lambda_isin_dispatch<E>{});
+        auto lambda = detail::lambda_isin<std::is_lvalue_reference<F>::value>::make(std::forward<F>(test_elements));
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
     }
 

From d71ca44830b098348f61e59754abf3b9c8f85b62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 18:02:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 023/606] Updating PR template

---
 .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md | 17 ++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index e2af2dd24..eed4e3b7c 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
-**Please check if your PR fulfills these requirements**
+# Checklist
 
-- The title and the commit message(s) are descriptive
-- Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid history pollution
-- Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes
-- API of new functions and classes are documented
+- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
+- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid history pollution.
+- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
+- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.
+
+# Description
+
+<!---
+Give any relevant description here. 
+If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting the relevant issue ID).
+-->

From b88f67c55c69bbf9da47923f5648bafd0fe3be6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Sat, 18 Apr 2020 15:21:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 024/606] Simplifying excluding headers

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 76 ++++++--------------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 2680c9858..ec2e4b713 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -128,74 +128,6 @@ function(POSTFIX var postfix)
    set(${var} "${listVar}" PARENT_SCOPE)
 endfunction()
 
-set(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE
-    xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
-    xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
-    xtensor/xadapt.hpp
-    xtensor/xarray.hpp
-    xtensor/xassign.hpp
-    xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
-    xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
-    xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
-    xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
-    xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
-    xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
-    xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
-    xtensor/xcsv.hpp
-    xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
-    xtensor/xeval.hpp
-    xtensor/xexception.hpp
-    xtensor/xexpression.hpp
-    # xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
-    xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
-    xtensor/xfixed.hpp
-    xtensor/xfunction.hpp
-    xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
-    xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
-    xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
-    xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
-    xtensor/xinfo.hpp
-    xtensor/xio.hpp
-    xtensor/xiterable.hpp
-    xtensor/xiterator.hpp
-    # xtensor/xjson.hpp
-    xtensor/xlayout.hpp
-    xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
-    xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
-    xtensor/xmath.hpp
-    # xtensor/xmime.hpp
-    xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
-    xtensor/xnorm.hpp
-    # xtensor/xnpy.hpp
-    xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
-    xtensor/xoperation.hpp
-    xtensor/xoptional.hpp
-    xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
-    xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
-    xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
-    xtensor/xpad.hpp
-    xtensor/xrandom.hpp
-    xtensor/xreducer.hpp
-    xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
-    xtensor/xscalar.hpp
-    xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
-    xtensor/xshape.hpp
-    xtensor/xslice.hpp
-    xtensor/xsort.hpp
-    xtensor/xstorage.hpp
-    xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
-    xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
-    xtensor/xstrides.hpp
-    xtensor/xtensor.hpp
-    xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
-    xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
-    xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
-    xtensor/xutils.hpp
-    xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
-    xtensor/xview.hpp
-    xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
-)
-
 set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -372,6 +304,14 @@ install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
 # Write single include
 # ====================
 
+set(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
+string(REPLACE "${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/" "" XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
+list(REMOVE_ITEM XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE
+    xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
+    xtensor/xjson.hpp
+    xtensor/xmime.hpp
+    xtensor/xnpy.hpp)
+
 PREPEND(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#include <" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
 POSTFIX(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ">" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
 string(REPLACE ";" "\n" XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")

From c06e594293d6b88b4b741aee99078f46839ea4d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 14:32:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 025/606] Switching temporary directory of single-include
 header

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 36 ++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index ec2e4b713..83b11fec9 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -112,22 +112,6 @@ endif()
 # Build
 # =====
 
-function(PREPEND var prefix)
-   set(listVar "")
-   foreach(f ${ARGN})
-      list(APPEND listVar "${prefix}${f}")
-   endforeach(f)
-   set(${var} "${listVar}" PARENT_SCOPE)
-endfunction()
-
-function(POSTFIX var postfix)
-   set(listVar "")
-   foreach(f ${ARGN})
-      list(APPEND listVar "${f}${postfix}")
-   endforeach(f)
-   set(${var} "${listVar}" PARENT_SCOPE)
-endfunction()
-
 set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -304,6 +288,22 @@ install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
 # Write single include
 # ====================
 
+function(PREPEND var prefix)
+   set(listVar "")
+   foreach(f ${ARGN})
+      list(APPEND listVar "${prefix}${f}")
+   endforeach(f)
+   set(${var} "${listVar}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(POSTFIX var postfix)
+   set(listVar "")
+   foreach(f ${ARGN})
+      list(APPEND listVar "${f}${postfix}")
+   endforeach(f)
+   set(${var} "${listVar}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
 set(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 string(REPLACE "${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/" "" XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
 list(REMOVE_ITEM XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ POSTFIX(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ">" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
 string(REPLACE ";" "\n" XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
 string(CONCAT XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#ifndef XTENSOR\n" "#define XTENSOR\n\n" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}" "\n\n#endif\n")
 
-file(WRITE "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/xtensor.hpp" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
+file(WRITE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/xtensor.hpp" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
 
-install(FILES "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/xtensor.hpp"
+install(FILES "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/xtensor.hpp"
         DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR})

From f2a00396ff26b5cf2d1429310673b5d3d0e0d57e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Sun, 3 May 2020 16:22:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 026/606] Adding details for xt::random to docs

---
 docs/source/api/xrandom.rst |  20 ++++++
 docs/source/histogram.rst   |   2 +
 docs/source/index.rst       |   3 +-
 docs/source/numpy.rst       |   4 ++
 docs/source/random.rst      | 135 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/random.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
index 9db89b9aa..fd3bfc48e 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
@@ -11,62 +11,82 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xrandom.hpp``
 
 .. warning:: xtensor uses a lazy generator for random numbers. You need to assign them or use ``eval`` to keep the generated values consistent.
 
+.. _random-get_default_random_engine-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::get_default_random_engine
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-seed-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::seed
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-rand-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::rand(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-randint-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::randint(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-randn-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::randn(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-binomial-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::binomial(const S&, T, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-geometric-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::geometric(const S&, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-negative_binomial-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::negative_binomial(const S&, T, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-poisson-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::poisson(const S&, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-exponential-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::exponential(const S&, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-gamma-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::gamma(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-weibull-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::weibull(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-extreme_value-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::extreme_value(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-lognormal-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::lognormal(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-cauchy-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::cauchy(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-fisher_f-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::fisher_f(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-student_t-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::student_t(const S&, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-choice-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-shuffle-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::shuffle
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _random-permutation-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::permutation(T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/histogram.rst b/docs/source/histogram.rst
index 4cf471d3d..f42b6a7d5 100644
--- a/docs/source/histogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/histogram.rst
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
    The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
 
+.. _histogram:
+
 Histogram
 =========
 
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index fb22231e6..2a9d4b34d 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -63,11 +63,12 @@ for details.
    scalar
    adaptor
    operator
-   histogram
    view
    indices
    builder
    missing
+   histogram
+   random
    file_loading
    build-options
    pitfall
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 36d1cc723..63569441f 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -189,6 +189,8 @@ The random module provides simple ways to create random tensor expressions, lazi
 | ``np.random.permutation(30)``                 | ``xt::random::permutation(30)``               |
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 
+See :ref:`random`.
+
 Concatenation, splitting, squeezing
 -----------------------------------
 
@@ -610,6 +612,8 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 | ``np.bincount(arr)``                                                          | ``xt::bincount(arr)``                                                          |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
+See :ref:`histogram`.
+
 Linear algebra
 --------------
 
diff --git a/docs/source/random.rst b/docs/source/random.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ed21c010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/random.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+.. _random:
+
+******
+Random
+******
+
+xt::random::seed
+================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::seed <random-seed-function-reference>`
+
+Set seed for random number generator. A common practice to get a 'real' random number is to use:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    #include <ctime>
+
+    ...
+
+    xt::random::seed(time(NULL));
+
+xt::random::rand
+================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::rand <random-rand-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::randint
+===================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::randint <random-randint-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::randn
+=================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::randn <random-randn-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::binomial
+====================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::binomial <random-binomial-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::geometric
+=====================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::geometric <random-geometric-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::negative_binomial
+=============================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::negative_binomial <random-negative_binomial-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::poisson
+===================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::poisson <random-poisson-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::exponential
+=======================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::exponential <random-exponential-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::gamma
+=================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::gamma <random-gamma-function-reference>`
+
+Produces (an array of) random positive floating-point values, distributed according to the probability density:
+
+.. math::
+
+    P(x) = x^{\alpha-1} \frac{e^{-x / \beta}}{\beta^\alpha \; \Gamma(\alpha)}
+
+where :math:`\alpha` is the shape (also known as :math:`k`) and :math:`\beta` the scale (also known as :math:`\theta`), and :math:`\Gamma` is the Gamma function.
+
+.. note::
+
+    Do not confuse the first argument of ``xt::random``, the shape of the output array, with the parameter :math:`alpha`.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+    *   `numpy.random.gamma <https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.gamma.html?highlight=gamma#numpy.random.gamma>`_
+    *   `std::gamma_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/gamma_distribution>`_
+    *   `Weisstein, Eric W. "Gamma Distribution." From MathWorld – A Wolfram Web Resource. <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaDistribution.html>`_
+    *   `Wikipedia, "Gamma distribution". <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution>`_
+
+xt::random::weibull
+===================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::weibull <random-weibull-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::extreme_value
+=========================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::extreme_value <random-extreme_value-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::lognormal
+=====================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::lognormal <random-lognormal-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::cauchy
+==================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::cauchy <random-cauchy-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::fisher_f
+====================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::fisher_f <random-fisher_f-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::student_t
+=====================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::student_t <random-student_t-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::choice
+==================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::choice <random-choice-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::shuffle
+===================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::shuffle <random-shuffle-function-reference>`
+
+xt::random::permutation
+=======================
+
+:ref:`xt::random::permutation <random-permutation-function-reference>`

From 9c8aa63cb950555d0c3136c49a470b7adf81dc06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2020 11:21:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 027/606] Fixing compiler warnings

---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp |  5 ++++-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp     | 10 ++++------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 702ead106..b7f8fab78 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ namespace xt
             bool is_trivial;
             bool is_initialized;
 
-            xfunction_cache_impl() : shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))), is_trivial(false), is_initialized(false) {}
+            xfunction_cache_impl() :
+                shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))),
+                is_initialized(false),
+                is_trivial(false) {}
         };
 
         template<std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 13e1bad27..ac6e3b68b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1925,7 +1925,6 @@ namespace detail {
         inline auto mean(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-            using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
             return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), e.size() - ddof);
         }
 #endif
@@ -1936,7 +1935,6 @@ namespace detail {
         {
             using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
             auto size = e.size();
-            using size_type = decltype(size);
             return sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es) / static_cast<value_type>(size - ddof);
         }
     }
@@ -3033,7 +3031,7 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @brief Returns the covariance matrix
-     * 
+     *
      * @param x one or two dimensional array
      * @param y optional one-dimensional array to build covariance to x
      */
@@ -3053,7 +3051,7 @@ namespace detail {
                 covar(0, 0) = std::inner_product(x_norm.begin(), x_norm.end(), x_norm.begin(), 0.0) / value_type(s[0] - 1);
                 return covar;
             }
-            
+
             XTENSOR_ASSERT( x.dimension() == 2 );
 
             auto covar = eval(zeros<value_type>({ s[0], s[0] }));
@@ -3065,12 +3063,12 @@ namespace detail {
                 auto xi = strided_view(x_norm, { range(i, i + 1), all() });
                 for (size_type j = i; j < s[0]; j++)
                 {
-                    auto xj = strided_view(x_norm, { range(j, j + 1), all() });            
+                    auto xj = strided_view(x_norm, { range(j, j + 1), all() });
                     covar(j, i) = std::inner_product(xi.begin(), xi.end(), xj.begin(), 0.0) / value_type(s[1] - 1);
                 }
             }
             return eval(covar + transpose(covar) - diag(diagonal(covar)));
-        } 
+        }
         else
         {
             return cov(eval(stack(xtuple(x, y))));

From 7b1f7dd4a1a26371ff0084a1e3f63f757bcd680e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 May 2020 21:54:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 028/606] Adding "digitize", "searchsorted", and "bin_items"
 (#2037)

Adding "digitize", "searchsorted", and "bin_items"
---
 docs/source/api/function_index.rst |   1 +
 docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst     |   9 +++
 docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst |  34 +++++++++
 docs/source/numpy.rst              |   4 ++
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp     | 110 +++++++++++++++++++++++------
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp |  35 +++++++++
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp           |  42 ++++++++---
 test/test_xset_operation.cpp       |  11 +++
 8 files changed, 216 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/function_index.rst b/docs/source/api/function_index.rst
index fb1a31319..b4e3a22cf 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/function_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/function_index.rst
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Functions and generators
    xbuilder
    xmanipulation
    xsort
+   xset_operation
    xrandom
    xhistogram
    xpad
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
index a268e3141..83bdbbc58 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xhistogram.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2&&, E3, E3, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::digitize(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&, bool, bool)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::bin_items(size_t, E&&)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 Further overloads
 -----------------
 
@@ -41,3 +47,6 @@ Further overloads
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
    :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::bin_items(size_t, size_t)
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2787ad200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+xset_operation
+==============
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/xset_operation.hpp``
+
+.. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, F&&)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, F&&)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenenum:: xt::searchsorted(E1&&, E2&&, bool)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+Further overloads
+-----------------
+
+.. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, std::initializer_list<T>)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, I&&, I&&)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, std::initializer_list<T>)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, I&&, I&&)
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 63569441f..d57391054 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -599,6 +599,8 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``np.isfinite(a)``                            | ``xt::isfinite(a)``                           |
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
+| ``np.searchsorted(a, v[, side])``             | ``xt::searchsorted(a, v[, right])``           |
++-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 
 **Histogram:**
 
@@ -611,6 +613,8 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``np.bincount(arr)``                                                          | ``xt::bincount(arr)``                                                          |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``np.digitize(data, bin_edges[, right])``                                     | ``xt::digitize(data, bin_edges[, right][, assume_sorted])``                    |
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 See :ref:`histogram`.
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 50a05f67d..0228d26d2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -16,15 +16,40 @@
 
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xsort.hpp"
+#include "xset_operation.hpp"
+#include "xview.hpp"
+
+using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @ingroup digitize
+     * @brief Return the indices of the bins to which each value in input array belongs.
+     *
+     * @param data The data.
+     * @param bin_edges The bin-edges. It has to be 1-dimensional and monotonic.
+     * @param right Indicating whether the intervals include the right or the left bin edge.
+     * @return Output array of indices, of same shape as x.
+     */
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    inline auto digitize(E1&& data, E2&& bin_edges, bool right = false)
+    {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.dimension() == 1);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.size() >= 2);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(bin_edges.cbegin(), bin_edges.cend()));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amin(data)[0] >= bin_edges[0]);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amax(data)[0] <= bin_edges[bin_edges.size() - 1]);
+
+        return xt::searchsorted(std::forward<E2>(bin_edges), std::forward<E1>(data), right);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @ingroup histogram
      * @brief Compute the histogram of a set of data.
      *
      * @param data The data.
-     * @param bin_edges The bin-edges.
+     * @param bin_edges The bin-edges. It has to be 1-dimensional and monotonic.
      * @param weights Weight factors corresponding to each data-point.
      * @param density If true the resulting integral is normalized to 1. [default: false]
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bin_edges.size()-1.
@@ -32,54 +57,38 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R = double, class E1, class E2, class E3>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, E2&& bin_edges, E3&& weights, bool density = false)
     {
-        // alias counter and value type
         using size_type = common_size_type_t<std::decay_t<E1>, std::decay_t<E2>, std::decay_t<E3>>;
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E3>::value_type;
 
-        // basic checks
-        // - rank
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(data.dimension() == 1);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.dimension() == 1);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.dimension() == 1);
-        // - size
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.size() == data.size());
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.size() >= 2);
-        // - bin-edges must be sorted
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(bin_edges.cbegin(), bin_edges.cend()));
-        // - data must be enclosed in the bins
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amin(data)[0] >= bin_edges[0]);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amax(data)[0] <= bin_edges[bin_edges.size() - 1]);
 
-        // initialize output
         xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> count = xt::zeros<value_type>({ bin_edges.size() - 1 });
 
-        // indices that sort "data"
-        auto isort = xt::argsort(data);
+        auto sorter = xt::argsort(data);
 
-        // index of the current bin
         size_type ibin = 0;
 
-        // fill the histogram: loop over (sorted) data
-        for (auto& idx : isort)
+        for (auto& idx : sorter)
         {
-            // - proceed to the relevant bin
             while (data[idx] >= bin_edges[ibin + 1] && ibin < bin_edges.size() - 2)
             {
                 ++ibin;
             }
-            // - update the count
             count[ibin] += weights[idx];
         }
 
-        // cast type
         xt::xtensor<R, 1> prob = xt::cast<R>(count);
 
-        // normalize
         if (density)
         {
-            // - size as doubles
             R n = static_cast<R>(data.size());
-            // - apply normalization
             for (size_type i = 0; i < bin_edges.size() - 1; ++i)
             {
                 prob[i] /= (static_cast<R>(bin_edges[i + 1] - bin_edges[i]) * n);
@@ -244,7 +253,7 @@ namespace xt
             case histogram_algorithm::uniform:
             {
                 // indices that sort "data"
-                auto isort = xt::argsort(data);
+                auto sorter = xt::argsort(data);
 
                 // histogram: all of equal 'height'
                 // - height
@@ -272,13 +281,15 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     if (cum_weight >= count[ibin])
                     {
-                        bin_edges[ibin + 1] = data[isort[i]];
+                        bin_edges[ibin + 1] = data[sorter[i]];
                         ++ibin;
                     }
-                    cum_weight += weights[isort[i]];
+                    cum_weight += weights[sorter[i]];
                 }
                 return bin_edges;
             }
+
+            // bins of equal width
             default:
             {
                 xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges
@@ -426,6 +437,61 @@ namespace xt
                         xt::ones<typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>(data.shape()),
                         minlength);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of items in each bin, given the fraction of items per bin.
+     * The output is such that the total number of items of all bins is exactly "N".
+     *
+     * @param N the number of items to distribute
+     * @param weights fraction of items per bin: a 1D container whose size is the number of bins
+     *
+     * @return 1D container with the number of items per bin
+     */
+    template <class E>
+    inline xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> bin_items(size_t N, E&& weights)
+    {
+        if (weights.size() <= std::size_t(1))
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> n = N * xt::ones<size_t>({1});
+            return n;
+        }
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
+
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::all(weights >= static_cast<value_type>(0)));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::sum(weights)() > static_cast<value_type>(0));
+
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> P = xt::cast<double>(weights) / static_cast<double>(xt::sum(weights)());
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> n = xt::ceil(static_cast<double>(N) * P);
+
+        if (xt::sum(n)() == N)
+        {
+            return n;
+        }
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> d = xt::zeros<size_t>(P.shape());
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> sorter = xt::argsort(P);
+        sorter = xt::view(sorter, xt::range(P.size(), _, -1));
+        sorter = xt::view(sorter, xt::range(0, xt::sum(n)(0) - N));
+        xt::view(d, xt::keep(sorter)) = 1;
+        n -= d;
+
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of items in each bin, with each bin having approximately the same number of
+     * items in it,under the constraint that the total number of items of all bins is exactly "N".
+     *
+     * @param N the number of items to distribute
+     * @param bins the number of bins
+     *
+     * @return 1D container with the number of items per bin
+     */
+    inline xt::xtensor<size_t,1> bin_items(size_t N, size_t bins)
+    {
+        return bin_items(N, xt::ones<double>({bins}));
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
index 371b2b021..3addadb5b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -158,6 +158,41 @@ namespace xt
         return isin(std::forward<E>(element), std::forward<I>(test_elements_begin), std::forward<I>(test_elements_end));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup searchsorted
+     * @brief Find indices where elements should be inserted to maintain order.
+     *
+     * @param a Input array: sorted (array_like).
+     * @param v Values to insert into a (array_like).
+     * @param right If ``false``, the index of the first suitable location found is given.
+     * @return Array of insertion points with the same shape as v.
+     */
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    inline auto searchsorted(E1&& a, E2&& v, bool right = true)
+    {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(a.cbegin(), a.cend()));
+
+        auto out = xt::empty<size_t>(v.shape());
+
+        if (right)
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                out(i) = std::lower_bound(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), v(i)) - a.cbegin();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                out(i) = std::upper_bound(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), v(i)) - a.cbegin();
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        return out;
+    }
+
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index 434b46eaf..79c7aeb26 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -19,30 +19,30 @@ namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xhistogram, histogram)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> data = {1., 1., 2., 2.};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> data = {1., 1., 2., 2.};
 
         {
-            xt::xtensor<double,1> count = xt::histogram(data, std::size_t(2));
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(data, std::size_t(2));
 
             EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2) );
-            EXPECT_EQ(count[0]    , 2.);
-            EXPECT_EQ(count[1]    , 2.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 2.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
         }
 
         {
-            xt::xtensor<double,1> count = xt::histogram(data,
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(data,
                 xt::histogram_bin_edges(data, std::size_t(2), xt::histogram_algorithm::uniform)
             );
 
             EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2));
-            EXPECT_EQ(count[0]    , 2.);
-            EXPECT_EQ(count[1]    , 2.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 2.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
         }
     }
 
     TEST(xhistogram, bincount)
     {
-        xtensor<int, 1> data = {1,2,3,1,1,1,1,2,3,2,3,3,3,3};
+        xtensor<int, 1> data = {1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3};
         xtensor<int, 1> weights = xt::ones<int>(data.shape()) * 3;
         xtensor<int, 1> expc = {0, 5, 3, 6};
         auto bc = bincount(data);
@@ -55,4 +55,30 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(bc3.size(), std::size_t(10));
         EXPECT_EQ(bc3(3), expc(3));
     }
+
+    TEST(xhistogram, digitize)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> bin_edges = {0, 10, 20, 30};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> data = {1, 12, 2, 21, 11, 10};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> res_left = {1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> res_right = {1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1};
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::digitize(data, bin_edges), res_left);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::digitize(data, bin_edges, false), res_left);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::digitize(data, bin_edges, true), res_right);
+    }
+
+
+    TEST(xhistogram, bin_items_1)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> a = xt::bin_items(11, xt::xtensor<double, 1>{0.9, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1});
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> b = {9, 0, 0, 2};
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xhistogram, bin_items_2)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> a = xt::bin_items(11, xt::xtensor<double, 1>{0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25});
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> b = {3, 3, 3, 2};
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
index 58c8e34e3..fa18cf4e8 100644
--- a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
@@ -36,4 +36,15 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, b.begin(), b.end()), res);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, {1, 2}), res);
     }
+
+    TEST(xset_operation, searchsorted)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> a = {1, 2, 7, 8, 20};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> v = {9, 2, 2, 3, 22, 0};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> res_right = {4, 1, 1, 2, 5, 0};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> res_left = {4, 2, 2, 2, 5, 0};
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::searchsorted(a, v), res_right);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::searchsorted(a, v, true), res_right);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::searchsorted(a, v, false), res_left);
+    }
 }

From 996d83837cf9a1509203153b84c4d3b964c654e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zaripov Kamil <zaripov-kamil@yandex-team.ru>
Date: Thu, 14 May 2020 01:57:22 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 029/606] Fixed error with zero tensor size in xt::mean

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 11 +++++++----
 test/test_xreducer.cpp    |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index ac6e3b68b..126817b31 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1909,23 +1909,26 @@ namespace detail {
         {
             // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
             // std::plus<double>.
+            const auto size = e.size();
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
-            return mean_division<T>(std::move(s), e.size() - ddof);
+            return mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - ddof);
         }
 
 #ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
         template <class T, class E, class I, class D, class EVS>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
+            const auto size = e.size();
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), e.size() - ddof);
+            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - ddof);
         }
 #else
         template <class T, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
+            const auto size = e.size();
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), e.size() - ddof);
+            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - ddof);
         }
 #endif
 
@@ -1934,7 +1937,7 @@ namespace detail {
         inline auto mean_noaxis(E&& e, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-            auto size = e.size();
+            const auto size = e.size();
             return sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es) / static_cast<value_type>(size - ddof);
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 81f94cccc..0e25f2197 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -243,6 +243,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<uint8_t> c = {1, 2};
         EXPECT_EQ(mean(c)(), 1.5);
+
+        const auto rvalue_xarray = [] () { return xtensor<double, 1>({1, 2}); };
+        EXPECT_EQ(mean(rvalue_xarray(), {0})(), 1.5);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer, average)

From 44ec96add6df3a1746ddabe1ee2bb7b96a70a1bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2020 18:55:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 030/606] Fixed build with clang-cl

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 .gitignore                               | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 77ea6102f..4598db9ad 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       # Create conda enviroment
       # Note: conda activate doesn't work here, because it creates a new shell!
       - script: |
-          conda install cmake ^
+          conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         gtest==1.10.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2be69c28d..fa2b2e104 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@
 *.swp
 *~
 
+# Generated directory
+include/tmp/
+
 # Build directory
 build/
 

From a21a1de3ce233344faf5870092341d2677cd2974 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Phidias Chiang <phidias.chiang@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2020 11:28:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 031/606] Fix initialize order

Signed-off-by: Phidias Chiang <phidias.chiang@gmail.com>
---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index b7f8fab78..5f1c4d7e0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             xfunction_cache_impl() :
                 shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))),
-                is_initialized(false),
-                is_trivial(false) {}
+                is_trivial(false),
+                is_initialized(false) {}
         };
 
         template<std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>

From e339c576f2e852c3d48afd1a6842c9c6e5dd01e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2020 11:43:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 032/606] adapt_smart_ptr overlads accepting STL-like container
 as shape

---
 docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst  |   4 +-
 docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst |   6 ++
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp          | 126 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 test/test_xadapt.cpp                |  36 ++++++++
 4 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
index 48e77b252..6764a445b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], SC&&, SS&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N])
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, layout_type)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], D&&)
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, D&&, layout_type)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
index da783c42d..8d02fd424 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
@@ -41,3 +41,9 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], SC&&, SS&&)
    :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], layout_type)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], D&&, layout_type)
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index 659114124..21cc7e5fb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -412,6 +412,108 @@ namespace xt
     }
 #endif
 
+    /*****************************
+     * smart_ptr adapter builder *
+     *****************************/
+
+    /**
+     * Adapt a smart pointer to a typed memory block (unique_ptr or shared_ptr)
+     *
+     * \code{.cpp}
+     * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+     * #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+     *
+     * std::shared_ptr<double> sptr(new double[8], std::default_delete<double[]>());
+     * sptr.get()[2] = 321.;
+     * std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 2};
+     * auto xptr = adapt_smart_ptr(sptr, shape);
+     * xptr(1, 3) = 123.;
+     * std::cout << xptr;
+     * \endcode
+     *
+     * @param smart_ptr a smart pointer to a memory block of T[]
+     * @param shape The desired shape
+     * @param l The desired memory layout
+     *
+     * @return xarray_adaptor for memory
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class SC,
+              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
+    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& smart_ptr, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
+    {
+        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<decltype(smart_ptr.get()), smart_ownership,
+                                               std::decay_t<P>>;
+        return xarray_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, L, std::decay_t<SC>>(
+            buffer_adaptor(smart_ptr.get(), compute_size(shape), std::forward<P>(smart_ptr)),
+            shape,
+            l
+        );
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adapt a smart pointer (shared_ptr or unique_ptr)
+     *
+     * This function allows to automatically adapt a shared or unique pointer to
+     * a given shape and operate naturally on it. Memory will be automatically
+     * handled by the smart pointer implementation.
+     *
+     * \code{.cpp}
+     * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+     * #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+     *
+     * struct Buffer {
+     *     Buffer(std::vector<double>& buf) : m_buf(buf) {}
+     *     ~Buffer() { std::cout << "deleted" << std::endl; }
+     *     std::vector<double> m_buf;
+     * };
+     *
+     * auto data = std::vector<double>{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
+     * auto shared_buf = std::make_shared<Buffer>(data);
+     * auto unique_buf = std::make_unique<Buffer>(data);
+     *
+     * std::cout << shared_buf.use_count() << std::endl;
+     * {
+     *     std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 4};
+     *     auto obj = adapt_smart_ptr(shared_buf.get()->m_buf.data(),
+     *                                shape, shared_buf);
+     *     // Use count increased to 2
+     *     std::cout << shared_buf.use_count() << std::endl;
+     *     std::cout << obj << std::endl;
+     * }
+     * // Use count reset to 1
+     * std::cout << shared_buf.use_count() << std::endl;
+     *
+     * {
+     *     std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 4};
+     *     auto obj = adapt_smart_ptr(unique_buf.get()->m_buf.data(),
+     *                                shape, std::move(unique_buf));
+     *     std::cout << obj << std::endl;
+     * }
+     * \endcode
+     *
+     * @param data_ptr A pointer to a typed data block (e.g. double*)
+     * @param shape The desired shape
+     * @param smart_ptr A smart pointer to move or copy, in order to manage memory
+     * @param l The desired memory layout
+     *
+     * @return xarray_adaptor on the memory
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class SC, class D,
+              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
+                           detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<D>>)>
+    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& data_ptr, const SC& shape, D&& smart_ptr, layout_type l = L)
+    {
+        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<P, smart_ownership,
+                                               std::decay_t<D>>;
+
+        return xarray_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, L, std::decay_t<SC>>(
+            buffer_adaptor(data_ptr, compute_size(shape), std::forward<D>(smart_ptr)),
+            shape,
+            l
+        );
+    }
+
 #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     /**
      * Adapt a smart pointer to a typed memory block (unique_ptr or shared_ptr)
@@ -429,19 +531,20 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @param smart_ptr a smart pointer to a memory block of T[]
      * @param shape The desired shape
+     * @param l The desired memory layout
      *
      * @return xtensor_adaptor for memory
      */
-    template <class P, class I, std::size_t N>
-    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& smart_ptr, const I(&shape)[N])
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class I, std::size_t N>
+    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& smart_ptr, const I(&shape)[N], layout_type l = L)
     {
         using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<decltype(smart_ptr.get()), smart_ownership,
                                                std::decay_t<P>>;
         std::array<std::size_t, N> fshape = xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(shape)>(shape);
-        return xtensor_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, N>(
-            buffer_adaptor(smart_ptr.get(), compute_size(fshape),
-            std::forward<P>(smart_ptr)),
-            std::move(fshape)
+        return xtensor_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, N, L>(
+            buffer_adaptor(smart_ptr.get(), compute_size(fshape), std::forward<P>(smart_ptr)),
+            std::move(fshape),
+            l
         );
     }
 
@@ -487,19 +590,22 @@ namespace xt
      * @param data_ptr A pointer to a typed data block (e.g. double*)
      * @param shape The desired shape
      * @param smart_ptr A smart pointer to move or copy, in order to manage memory
+     * @param l The desired memory layout
      *
      * @return xtensor_adaptor on the memory
      */
-    template <class P, class I, std::size_t N, class D>
-    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& data_ptr, const I(&shape)[N], D&& smart_ptr)
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class I, std::size_t N, class D,
+              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<D>>)>
+    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& data_ptr, const I(&shape)[N], D&& smart_ptr, layout_type l = L)
     {
         using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<P, smart_ownership,
                                                std::decay_t<D>>;
         std::array<std::size_t, N> fshape = xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(shape)>(shape);
 
-        return xtensor_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, N>(
+        return xtensor_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, N, L>(
             buffer_adaptor(data_ptr, compute_size(fshape), std::forward<D>(smart_ptr)),
-            std::move(fshape)
+            std::move(fshape),
+            l
         );
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index ad9380766..9aa4b2dc8 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -430,6 +430,42 @@ namespace xt
         };
     }
 
+    TEST(xarray_adaptor, smart_ptr)
+    {
+        auto data = std::vector<double>{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
+        auto shared_buf = std::make_shared<xadapt_test::Buffer>(data);
+        auto unique_buf = std::make_unique<xadapt_test::Buffer>(data);
+        std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 2};
+
+        std::shared_ptr<double> dptr(new double[8], std::default_delete<double[]>());
+        dptr.get()[2] = 2.1;
+        auto xdptr = adapt_smart_ptr(dptr, shape);
+
+        if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == layout_type::row_major)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(xdptr(1, 0), 2.1);
+            xdptr(3, 1) = 123.;
+            EXPECT_EQ(dptr.get()[7], 123.);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(xdptr(2, 0), 2.1);
+            xdptr(3, 1) = 123.;
+            EXPECT_EQ(dptr.get()[7], 123.);
+        }
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(shared_buf.use_count(), 1);
+        {
+            auto obj = adapt_smart_ptr(shared_buf.get()->buf.data(), shape, shared_buf);
+            EXPECT_EQ(shared_buf.use_count(), 2);
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(shared_buf.use_count(), 1);
+
+        {
+            auto obj = adapt_smart_ptr(unique_buf.get()->buf.data(), shape, std::move(unique_buf));
+        }
+    }
+
 #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, smart_ptr)
     {

From ae91091d0b005f3351a0fc46e3a95a336655ad50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Danny Hermes <daniel.j.hermes@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 30 May 2020 13:31:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 033/606] Typo fix: "whis" -> "this"

---
 docs/source/container.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index 4fcbacc34..3db830905 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Let's use ``xtensor`` instead of ``xarray`` in the previous example:
 
     std::array<size_t, 3> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     xt::xtensor<double, 3> a(shape);
-    // whis is equivalent to
+    // this is equivalent to
     // xt::xtensor<double, 3, xt::layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
 
 Or when using ``xtensor_fixed``:

From 4d9581bbcff76ad63e47fe0766627386510f921e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Danny Hermes <daniel.j.hermes@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 31 May 2020 15:21:31 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 034/606] Typo fix: "tnesor" -> "tensor" and "Wether" ->
 "Whether".

---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
index 4f3f1aab1..334cba871 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @tparam T The value type of the elements.
      * @tparam FSH A xshape template shape.
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the tensor (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT).
-     * @tparam Sharable Wether the tnesor can be used in shared expression.
+     * @tparam Sharable Whether the tensor can be used in shared expression.
      */
     template <class T,
               class FSH,

From ef6bd133490a61687644c8ce72512e4e0291605b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Danny Hermes <daniel.j.hermes@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 31 May 2020 20:09:21 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 035/606] Removing spurious "Python code" from a code block.

---
 docs/source/related.rst | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/related.rst b/docs/source/related.rst
index 9391519b1..2a526f9a5 100644
--- a/docs/source/related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/related.rst
@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a numpy array in-place
 
 .. code::
 
-    Python Code
-
     import numpy as np
     import xtensor_python_test as xt
 

From fc1f9022e90283fa0d17553c1fe73b46ac415ced Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2020 06:49:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 036/606] Removed problematic function from doxygen parsing

---
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 72b2066f3..fda1b8395 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ namespace xt
      * accumulate implementation *
      *****************************/
 
+    /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_NOEXCEPT
+
     namespace detail
     {
         template <std::size_t I, class F, class R, class... T>
@@ -227,6 +229,8 @@ namespace xt
         return detail::accumulate_impl<0, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), init, t);
     }
 
+    /// @endcond
+
     /***************************
      * argument implementation *
      ***************************/

From 1135ede7e465128be0534a961cb052ae8f361728 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2020 14:36:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 037/606] Pin sphinx version on rtd

---
 docs/environment.yml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/docs/environment.yml b/docs/environment.yml
index 590773d13..21a4fd065 100644
--- a/docs/environment.yml
+++ b/docs/environment.yml
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ channels:
 
 dependencies:
   - breathe
+  - sphinx=2.4.4

From eb690983a7364a9bb97caa8ebc5d40d720d2f0f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Frederic Weidling <f.weidling@abberior-instruments.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2020 15:41:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 038/606] Fix xtensor::arange for unsigned step size

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 20 +++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 659171b54..20a11622e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -297,6 +297,12 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class S>
         using both_integer = xtl::conjunction<std::is_integral<T>, std::is_integral<S>>;
 
+        template <class T, class S>
+        using integer_with_signed_integer = xtl::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, std::is_signed<S>>;
+
+        template <class T, class S>
+        using integer_with_unsigned_integer = xtl::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, std::is_unsigned<S>>;
+
         template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<both_integer<T, S>>)>
         inline auto arange_impl(T start, T stop, S step = 1) noexcept
         {
@@ -304,7 +310,7 @@ namespace xt
             return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step), {shape});
         }
 
-        template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(both_integer<T, S>)>
+        template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(integer_with_signed_integer<T, S>)>
         inline auto arange_impl(T start, T stop, S step = 1) noexcept
         {
             bool empty_cond = (stop - start) / step <= 0;
@@ -317,6 +323,18 @@ namespace xt
             return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step), {shape});
         }
 
+        template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(integer_with_unsigned_integer<T, S>)>
+        inline auto arange_impl(T start, T stop, S step = 1) noexcept
+        {
+            bool empty_cond = stop <= start;
+            std::size_t shape = 0;
+            if (!empty_cond)
+            {
+                shape = static_cast<std::size_t>((stop - start + step - S(1)) / step);
+            }
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step), { shape });
+        }
+
         template <class F>
         class fn_impl
         {

From e35667ae010aa632eb68f8f60172f1ea4237e4bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Danny Hermes <daniel.j.hermes@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2020 09:11:12 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 039/606] Adding missing "a" to "in a shared expression".

---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
index 334cba871..c2bfc452d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @tparam T The value type of the elements.
      * @tparam FSH A xshape template shape.
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the tensor (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT).
-     * @tparam Sharable Whether the tensor can be used in shared expression.
+     * @tparam Sharable Whether the tensor can be used in a shared expression.
      */
     template <class T,
               class FSH,

From 7a66a3443275e8409465f7b74276a3ade823fef2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2020 08:45:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 040/606] Improved var and stddev performance

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 126817b31..88a39409c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2085,8 +2085,8 @@ namespace detail {
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, std::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
-        return detail::mean_noaxis<T>(square(sc - mean<T>(sc, es)), ddof, es);
+        auto cached_mean = mean<T>(e, es)();
+        return detail::mean_noaxis<T>(square(std::forward<E>(e) - std::move(cached_mean)), ddof, es);
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,

From b095959306518acd03da5e14e52f621aa94fbb42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2020 09:43:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 041/606] Documented fixed_shape weird bug on Windows

---
 docs/source/pitfall.rst | 19 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index 32e2423a5..508c5f852 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ variance arguments
 ------------------
 
 When ``variance`` is passed an expression and an integer parameter, this latter
-is the axis along which the variance must be computed, but the degree of freedom:
+is not the axis along which the variance must be computed, but the degree of freedom:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -115,3 +115,20 @@ If you want to specify an axis, you need to pass an initializer list:
     std::cout << xt::variance(a, {1}) << std::endl;
     .. Outputs { 0.666667, 0.666667 }
 
+fixed_shape on Windows
+----------------------
+
+Builder functions such as ``empty`` or ``ones`` accept an initializer list
+as argument. If the elements of this list do not have the same type, a
+curious compilation error may occur on Windows:
+
+.. code::
+
+    size_t N = 10ull;
+    xt::xarray<int> ages = xt::empty<int>({N, 4ul});
+
+    // error: cannot convert argument 1 from 'initializer list'
+    // to 'const xt::fixed_shape<> &'
+
+To avoid this compiler bug (for which we don't have a workaround), ensure
+all the elements in the initializer list have the same type.

From ca2323640d827cdefa143eb2dedb71897246f5f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2020 01:00:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 042/606] Upgraded to xsimd 7.4.8

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml |  2 +-
 README.md                                |  2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp              |  8 ++++----
 test/test_xarray.cpp                     | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xtensor.cpp                    | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 4598db9ad..de8af69b1 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
                         xtl==0.6.12 ^
-                        xsimd==7.4.6 ^
+                        xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
         displayName: "Install conda packages"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8fa618da7..dabfc3024 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
+|  master   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.4   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.3   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index aa6a6b4fb..41cf4e747 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ channels:
 dependencies:
   - cmake
   - xtl=0.6.12
-  - xsimd=7.4.6
+  - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 0b81d27af..b4f172b4d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -295,16 +295,16 @@ namespace xt
 
         /**
          * Considering the assigment LHS = RHS, if the requested value type used for
-         * loading simd form RHS is not complex while LHS value_type is complex,
+         * loading simd from RHS is not complex while LHS value_type is complex,
          * the assignment fails. The reason is that SIMD batches of complex values cannot
          * be implicitly instanciated from batches of scalar values.
          * Making the constructor implicit does not fix the issue since in the end,
          * the assignment is done with vec.store(buffer) where vec is a batch of scalars
          * and buffer an array of complex. SIMD batches of scalars do not provide overloads
-         * of store that accept buffer of commplex values and that SHOULD NOT CHANGE.
+         * of store that accept buffer of complex values and that SHOULD NOT CHANGE.
          * Load and store overloads must accept SCALAR BUFFERS ONLY.
          * Therefore, the solution is to explicitly force the instantiation of complex
-         * batches in the assignment mechanism. A common situation tthat triggers this
+         * batches in the assignment mechanism. A common situation that triggers this
          * issue is:
          * xt::xarray<double> rhs = { 1, 2, 3 };
          * xt::xarray<std::complex<double>> lhs = rhs;
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
             {
-                res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+                res_stepper.store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
             }
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
             {
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index 677387665..af525e1eb 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -361,4 +361,21 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_destructible<array_type>::value);
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_nothrow_destructible<array_type>::value);
     }
+
+    TEST(xarray, bool_container)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<int> a{1, 0, 1, 0}, b{1, 1, 0, 0};
+
+        xt::xarray<bool> c = a & b;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(c(0));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(c(1));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(c(2));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(c(3));
+
+        xt::xarray<bool> d = a | b;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(d(0));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(d(1));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(d(2));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(d(3));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index 2759bc041..f9c2fa9be 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -368,4 +368,21 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_destructible<tensor_type>::value);
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_nothrow_destructible<tensor_type>::value);
     }
+
+    TEST(xtensor, bool_container)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<int, 1> a{1, 0, 1, 0}, b{1, 1, 0, 0};
+
+        xt::xtensor<bool, 1> c = a & b;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(c(0));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(c(1));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(c(2));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(c(3));
+
+        xt::xtensor<bool, 1> d = a | b;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(d(0));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(d(1));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(d(2));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(d(3));
+    }
 }

From 8f5ec05cd43de8dd90522beb5913a8ad1c41cfc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2020 16:48:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 043/606] Add comments

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 20a11622e..56ece953f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -674,11 +674,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <bool... values>
         using all_true = xtl::conjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, values>...>;
 
-        template <class X, class Y, std::size_t axis, class AxesSequence> 
+        template <class X, class Y, std::size_t axis, class AxesSequence>
         struct concat_fixed_shape_impl;
 
         template <class X, class Y, std::size_t axis, std::size_t... Is>
-        struct concat_fixed_shape_impl<X, Y, axis, std::index_sequence<Is...>> 
+        struct concat_fixed_shape_impl<X, Y, axis, std::index_sequence<Is...>>
         {
             static_assert(X::size() == Y::size(), "Concatenation requires equisized shapes");
             static_assert(axis < X::size(), "Concatenation requires a valid axis");
@@ -689,17 +689,17 @@ namespace xt
                                                  : X::template get<Is>())...>;
         };
 
-        template <std::size_t axis, class X, class Y, class... Rest> 
+        template <std::size_t axis, class X, class Y, class... Rest>
         struct concat_fixed_shape;
 
-        template <std::size_t axis, class X, class Y> 
-        struct concat_fixed_shape<axis, X, Y> 
+        template <std::size_t axis, class X, class Y>
+        struct concat_fixed_shape<axis, X, Y>
         {
             using type = typename concat_fixed_shape_impl<X, Y, axis, std::make_index_sequence<X::size()>>::type;
         };
 
-        template <std::size_t axis, class X, class Y, class... Rest> 
-        struct concat_fixed_shape 
+        template <std::size_t axis, class X, class Y, class... Rest>
+        struct concat_fixed_shape
         {
             using type = typename concat_fixed_shape<axis, X, typename concat_fixed_shape<axis, Y, Rest...>::type>::type;
         };
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ namespace xt
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {{2, 3, 4}};
      * xt::xarray<double> c = xt::concatenate(xt::xtuple(a, b)); // => {{1, 2, 3},
-     *                                                                  {2, 3, 4}}
+     *                                                           //     {2, 3, 4}}
      * xt::xarray<double> d = xt::concatenate(xt::xtuple(a, b), 1); // => {{1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4}}
      * \endcode
      */
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <std::size_t axis, class... CT, typename = std::enable_if_t<detail::all_fixed_shapes<CT...>::value>>
-    inline auto concatenate(std::tuple<CT...> &&t) 
+    inline auto concatenate(std::tuple<CT...> &&t)
     {
         using shape_type = detail::concat_fixed_shape_t<axis, typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type...>;
         return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::concatenate_impl<CT...>(std::move(t), axis), shape_type{});
@@ -826,10 +826,10 @@ namespace xt
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {5, 6, 7};
      * xt::xarray<double> s = xt::stack(xt::xtuple(a, b)); // => {{1, 2, 3},
-     *                                                            {5, 6, 7}}
+     *                                                     //     {5, 6, 7}}
      * xt::xarray<double> t = xt::stack(xt::xtuple(a, b), 1); // => {{1, 5},
-     *                                                               {2, 6},
-     *                                                               {3, 7}}
+     *                                                        //     {2, 6},
+     *                                                        //     {3, 7}}
      * \endcode
      */
     template <class... CT>

From 59a737cd1681e212a924f4660a4858e062c5d187 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2020 11:15:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 044/606] How to print shape (#2071)

[doc] How to print shape
---
 docs/source/getting_started.rst | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index 608fba68a..4f675a478 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -166,13 +166,19 @@ When compiled and run, this produces the following output:
 
 .. tip::
 
-  To print the shape to the standard output you can use
+  To print the shape to the standard output you can use either:
 
   .. code-block:: cpp
 
       const auto& s = arr.shape();
       std::copy(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<double>(std::cout, " "));
 
+  Or:
+
+  .. code-block:: cpp
+
+      std::cout << xt::adapt(arr.shape()); // with: #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+
 Third example: index access
 ---------------------------
 

From b3873da2ac4740568fa6517120f4c7acc8d17cb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2020 22:58:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 045/606] Improved aliasing documentation

---
 docs/source/container.rst | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index 3db830905..68640679b 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ Aliasing and temporaries
 ------------------------
 
 In some cases, an expression should not be directly assigned to a container. Instead, it has to be assigned to a temporary variable before being copied
-into the destination container. This occurs when the destination container is involved in the expression and has to be resized. This phenomenon is
-known as *aliasing*.
+into the destination container. A typical case where this happens is when the destination container is involved in the expression and has to be resized.
+This phenomenon is known as *aliasing*.
 
 To prevent this, `xtensor` assigns the expression to a temporary variable before copying it. In the case of ``xarray``, this results in an extra dynamic memory
 allocation and copy.

From a83a8f6be5b796faa2630ffa17416159fea822c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 11:23:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 046/606] Added missing typedef in xscalar_stepper

---
 include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
index 0c9e74cf8..83a1cb008 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
@@ -363,6 +363,7 @@ namespace xt
                                            typename storage_type::pointer>;
         using size_type = typename storage_type::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename storage_type::difference_type;
+        using shape_type = typename storage_type::shape_type;
 
         template <class requested_type>
         using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;

From 374145974db9df893427151c581086a8be1fb7e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 15:27:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 047/606] Fix doc

---
 include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
index 8d8c6b3b2..600ddd0b2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ namespace xt
      * The xaccessible class implements constant access methods common to all expressions.
      *
      * @tparam D The derived type, i.e. the inheriting class for which xconst_accessible
-     *      
-     *
+     *           provides the interface.
      */
     template <class D>
     class xconst_accessible

From e04b802353a57ce2bc6ca7173b406674ea799ee1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2020 15:23:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 048/606] Add xchunked_array (#2076)

Add xchunked_array
---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/CMakeLists.txt                |  1 +
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       | 25 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 113 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
 create mode 100644 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..896f80bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include <vector>
+#include <array>
+#include "xarray.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    class xchunked_array
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
+        {
+            auto chunk_indexes_packed = get_chunk_indexes(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Idxs)>(), idxs...);
+            auto chunk_indexes = unpack(chunk_indexes_packed);
+            auto indexes_of_chunk(std::get<0>(chunk_indexes));
+            auto indexes_in_chunk(std::get<1>(chunk_indexes));
+            chunk_type chunk = m_chunks.element(indexes_of_chunk.cbegin(), indexes_of_chunk.cend());
+            const_reference val = chunk.element(indexes_in_chunk.cbegin(), indexes_in_chunk.cend());
+            int di = 0;
+            for (auto index_of_chunk: indexes_of_chunk)
+            {
+                auto index_in_chunk = indexes_in_chunk[di];
+                di++;
+            }
+            return val;
+        }
+
+
+        xchunked_array(std::vector<size_t> shape, std::vector<size_t> chunks):
+            m_shape(shape),
+            m_chunk_shape(chunks)
+        {
+            std::vector<size_t> shape_chunk(shape.size());
+            size_t di = 0;
+            for (auto s: shape)
+            {
+                size_t chunk_nb = s / chunks[di];
+                if (s % chunks[di] > 0)
+                    chunk_nb += 1;  // edge chunk
+                shape_chunk[di] = chunk_nb;
+                di++;
+            }
+            for (auto s: chunks)
+            m_chunks.resize(shape_chunk);
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        template <class Dim, class Idx>
+        std::tuple<size_t, size_t> get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(Dim dim, Idx idx) const
+        {
+            size_t index_of_chunk = idx / m_chunk_shape[dim];
+            size_t index_in_chunk = idx - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
+            return std::make_tuple(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
+        }
+
+        template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
+        std::array<std::tuple<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>
+        get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
+        {
+            std::array<std::tuple<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)> chunk_indexes = {{get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dims, idxs)...}};
+            return chunk_indexes;
+        }
+
+        template <class T, std::size_t N>
+        std::tuple<std::array<size_t, N>, std::array<size_t, N>> unpack(std::array<T, N> &arr) const
+        {
+            std::array<size_t, N> arr0;
+            std::array<size_t, N> arr1;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+            {
+                arr0[i] = std::get<0>(arr[i]);
+                arr1[i] = std::get<1>(arr[i]);
+            }
+            return std::make_tuple(arr0, arr1);
+        }
+
+        xt::xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
+        std::vector<size_t> m_shape;
+        std::vector<size_t> m_chunk_shape;
+    };
+
+}
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 2184a8a78..7ed9a876a 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
     test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
     test_extended_xsort.cpp
+    test_xchunked_array.cpp
 )
 
 if(nlohmann_json_FOUND)
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1210eeabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    using chunked_array = xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<double>>;
+
+    TEST(xchunked_array, indexed_access)
+    {
+        chunked_array a(
+            {10, 10, 10},
+            {2, 3, 4}
+        );
+        a(3, 9, 8);
+    }
+}

From 0aea191c7bd4033b99de8b78e4418de8a1ccd241 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 2020 18:09:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 049/606] Fix doc

---
 docs/source/external-structures.rst | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index b7e7d73e6..4df8f34bd 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ The following definitions are required:
 .. code::
 
     template <class T>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_type<table_adaptor<T>>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<table_adaptor<T>>
     {
         using temporary_type = xarray<T>;
     };
@@ -299,7 +299,8 @@ and to define a bunch of typedefs.
 
     public:
 
-        using self_type = table<T>;
+        using self_type = table_adaptor<T>;
+        using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
 
         using value_type = T;
         using reference = T&;
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ and to define a bunch of typedefs.
         using shape_type = inner_shape_type;
         using strides_type = inner_strides_type;
 
-        using iterable_base = xexpression_iterable<self_type>;
+        using iterable_base = xiterable<self_type>;
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
     };
@@ -353,7 +354,6 @@ constructor and assign operator.
 
         template <class E>
         table_adaptor(const xexpression<E>& e)
-            : base_type()
         {
             semantic_base::assign(e);
         }

From 83ae7fce2cc183458c98cbe00d1637ad1d3eabc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2020 15:55:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 050/606] Inherit xconst_accessible

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       |  18 +++--
 2 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 896f80bb9..4a09f847d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -5,69 +5,95 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class chunk_type>
-    class xchunked_array
+    class xchunked_array: public xt::xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
     {
     public:
 
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
+        using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
         {
-            auto chunk_indexes_packed = get_chunk_indexes(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Idxs)>(), idxs...);
-            auto chunk_indexes = unpack(chunk_indexes_packed);
-            auto indexes_of_chunk(std::get<0>(chunk_indexes));
-            auto indexes_in_chunk(std::get<1>(chunk_indexes));
-            chunk_type chunk = m_chunks.element(indexes_of_chunk.cbegin(), indexes_of_chunk.cend());
-            const_reference val = chunk.element(indexes_in_chunk.cbegin(), indexes_in_chunk.cend());
-            int di = 0;
-            for (auto index_of_chunk: indexes_of_chunk)
-            {
-                auto index_in_chunk = indexes_in_chunk[di];
-                di++;
-            }
-            return val;
+            auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
+            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
+            return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
         }
 
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline reference operator()(Idxs... idxs)
+        {
+            auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
+            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
+            return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
+        }
 
-        xchunked_array(std::vector<size_t> shape, std::vector<size_t> chunks):
+        template <class S>
+        xchunked_array(S shape, S chunk_shape):
             m_shape(shape),
-            m_chunk_shape(chunks)
+            m_chunk_shape(chunk_shape)
         {
             std::vector<size_t> shape_chunk(shape.size());
             size_t di = 0;
             for (auto s: shape)
             {
-                size_t chunk_nb = s / chunks[di];
-                if (s % chunks[di] > 0)
+                size_t chunk_nb = s / chunk_shape[di];
+                if (s % chunk_shape[di] > 0)
                     chunk_nb += 1;  // edge chunk
                 shape_chunk[di] = chunk_nb;
                 di++;
             }
-            for (auto s: chunks)
             m_chunks.resize(shape_chunk);
+            for (auto& c: m_chunks)
+                c.resize(chunk_shape);
+        }
+
+        reference operator[](const xindex& index)
+        {
+            reference el = element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+            return el;
+        }
+
+        const_reference operator[](const xindex& index) const
+        {
+            const_reference const_el = element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+            return const_el;
         }
 
     private:
 
-        template <class Dim, class Idx>
-        std::tuple<size_t, size_t> get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(Dim dim, Idx idx) const
+        xt::xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
+        typename chunk_type::shape_type m_shape;
+        typename chunk_type::shape_type m_chunk_shape;
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline std::pair<std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
+        {
+            auto chunk_indexes_packed = get_chunk_indexes(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Idxs)>(), idxs...);
+            auto chunk_indexes = unpack(chunk_indexes_packed);
+            auto indexes_of_chunk = chunk_indexes.first;
+            auto indexes_in_chunk = chunk_indexes.second;
+            return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
+        }
+
+        template <class Idx>
+        std::pair<size_t, size_t> get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const
         {
             size_t index_of_chunk = idx / m_chunk_shape[dim];
             size_t index_in_chunk = idx - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
-            return std::make_tuple(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
+            return std::make_pair(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
         }
 
         template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
-        std::array<std::tuple<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>
+        std::array<std::pair<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>
         get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
         {
-            std::array<std::tuple<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)> chunk_indexes = {{get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dims, idxs)...}};
+            std::array<std::pair<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)> chunk_indexes = {{get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dims, idxs)...}};
             return chunk_indexes;
         }
 
         template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        std::tuple<std::array<size_t, N>, std::array<size_t, N>> unpack(std::array<T, N> &arr) const
+        std::pair<std::array<size_t, N>, std::array<size_t, N>> unpack(std::array<T, N> &arr) const
         {
             std::array<size_t, N> arr0;
             std::array<size_t, N> arr1;
@@ -76,12 +102,49 @@ namespace xt
                 arr0[i] = std::get<0>(arr[i]);
                 arr1[i] = std::get<1>(arr[i]);
             }
-            return std::make_tuple(arr0, arr1);
+            return std::make_pair(arr0, arr1);
         }
 
-        xt::xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
-        std::vector<size_t> m_shape;
-        std::vector<size_t> m_chunk_shape;
+        template <class It>
+        inline std::pair<std::vector<size_t>, std::vector<size_t>> get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const
+        {
+            std::vector<size_t> indexes_of_chunk;
+            std::vector<size_t> indexes_in_chunk;
+            std::pair<size_t, size_t> chunk_index;
+            size_t dim = 0;
+            for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+            {
+                chunk_index = get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dim, *it);
+                indexes_of_chunk.push_back(chunk_index.first);
+                indexes_in_chunk.push_back(chunk_index.second);
+                dim++;
+            }
+            return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
+        }
+
+        template <class It>
+        inline reference element(It first, It last)
+        {
+            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
+            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
+            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
+        }
+
+        template <class It>
+        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
+        {
+            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
+            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
+            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
+        }
     };
 
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    {
+        using temporary_type = xarray<chunk_type>;
+        using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
+        using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+    };
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 1210eeabc..ef4589b33 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -16,10 +16,18 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, indexed_access)
     {
-        chunked_array a(
-            {10, 10, 10},
-            {2, 3, 4}
-        );
-        a(3, 9, 8);
+        std::vector<size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
+        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
+        chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
+
+        std::vector<size_t> idx = {3, 9, 8};
+
+        a[idx] = 4.;
+        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], 4.);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), 4.);
+
+        a(3, 9, 8) = 5.;
+        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), 5.);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], 5.);
     }
 }

From 5f963a0f243511a827db5a19816e5e2e99ef0c58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2020 13:42:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 051/606] Inherit xiterable

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       |  21 ++++--
 2 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 4a09f847d..019533cc5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -5,12 +5,40 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class chunk_type>
-    class xchunked_array: public xt::xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    class xchunked_array: public xt::xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>,
+                          public xt::xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
     {
     public:
 
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
+        using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_type>;
+        using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
+        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
+        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
+        using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
+        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
+        using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
+        using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
+        using pointer = value_type*;
+        using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
+
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
+
+        template <class O>
+        stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
+
+        const shape_type& shape() const
+        {
+            return m_shape;
+        }
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
@@ -60,11 +88,27 @@ namespace xt
             return const_el;
         }
 
+        template <class It>
+        inline reference element(It first, It last)
+        {
+            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
+            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
+            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
+        }
+
+        template <class It>
+        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
+        {
+            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
+            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
+            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
+        }
+
     private:
 
         xt::xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
-        typename chunk_type::shape_type m_shape;
-        typename chunk_type::shape_type m_chunk_shape;
+        shape_type m_shape;
+        shape_type m_chunk_shape;
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         inline std::pair<std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
@@ -121,22 +165,6 @@ namespace xt
             }
             return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
         }
-
-        template <class It>
-        inline reference element(It first, It last)
-        {
-            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
-            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
-            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
-        }
-
-        template <class It>
-        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
-        {
-            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
-            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
-            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
-        }
     };
 
     template <class chunk_type>
@@ -146,5 +174,46 @@ namespace xt
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
+        using storage_type = chunk_type;
+    };
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    {
+        using inner_shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, false>;
     };
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset);
+    }
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset);
+    }
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index ef4589b33..936091d74 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -21,13 +21,22 @@ namespace xt
         chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
 
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {3, 9, 8};
+        double v;
 
-        a[idx] = 4.;
-        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], 4.);
-        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), 4.);
+        v = 1.;
+        a[idx] = v;
+        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], v);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), v);
 
-        a(3, 9, 8) = 5.;
-        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), 5.);
-        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], 5.);
+        v = 2.;
+        a(3, 9, 8) = v;
+        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), v);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], v);
+
+        v = 3.;
+        for (auto& it: a)
+            it = v;
+        for (auto it: a)
+            ASSERT_EQ(it, v);
     }
 }

From 20d2642126ae2b5d81cfce0b179379f418218764 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2020 22:03:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 052/606] Inherit from xcontainer_semantic (#2083)

Inherit from xcontainer_semantic
---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 116 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       |  25 +++++++
 2 files changed, 122 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 019533cc5..42f90d38f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -1,18 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ARRAY_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ARRAY_HPP
+
 #include <vector>
 #include <array>
+
 #include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class chunk_type>
-    class xchunked_array: public xt::xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>,
-                          public xt::xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    class xchunked_array;
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    {
+        using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
+        using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+        using storage_type = chunk_type;
+        using temporary_type = xchunked_array<chunk_type>;
+    };
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    {
+        using inner_shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, false>;
+    };
+
+    template <class chunk_type>
+    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>,
+                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>,
+                          public xcontainer_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
     {
     public:
 
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
         using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_type>;
+        using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
         using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
@@ -24,6 +53,7 @@ namespace xt
         using const_pointer = const value_type*;
         using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
         using shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
+        using temporary_type = typename inner_types::temporary_type;
 
         template <class O>
         const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
@@ -76,6 +106,49 @@ namespace xt
                 c.resize(chunk_shape);
         }
 
+        xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
+        xchunked_array& operator=(const xchunked_array&) = default;
+
+        xchunked_array(xchunked_array&&) = default;
+        xchunked_array& operator=(xchunked_array&&) = default;
+
+        template <class E>
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
+        {
+            const auto& sh = e.derived_cast().shape();
+            resize_container(m_shape, sh.size());
+            std::copy(sh.begin(), sh.end(), m_shape.begin());
+            m_chunk_shape = m_shape;
+            // Naive implementation to refine later
+            m_chunk_shape[0] = std::min(size_type(10), m_shape[0]);
+            size_type nb_chunks = m_shape[0] / m_chunk_shape[0];
+            bool additional_chunk = m_shape[0] % m_chunk_shape[0] > 0;
+            if (additional_chunk)
+            {
+                m_chunks.resize({nb_chunks + 1u});
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_chunks.resize({nb_chunks});
+            }
+            for (size_type i = 0; i < nb_chunks; ++i)
+            {
+                noalias(m_chunks(i)) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(),
+                    {range(i * m_chunk_shape[0], (i + 1u) * m_chunk_shape[0]), ellipsis()});
+            }
+            if (additional_chunk)
+            {
+                noalias(m_chunks(nb_chunks)) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(),
+                    {range(nb_chunks * m_chunk_shape[0], m_shape[0]), ellipsis()});
+            }
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
+        {
+            return semantic_base::operator=(e);
+        }
+
         reference operator[](const xindex& index)
         {
             reference el = element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
@@ -106,7 +179,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
-        xt::xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
+        xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
         shape_type m_shape;
         shape_type m_chunk_shape;
 
@@ -165,26 +238,28 @@ namespace xt
             }
             return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
         }
-    };
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
-    {
-        using temporary_type = xarray<chunk_type>;
-        using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
-        using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
-        using size_type = std::size_t;
-        using storage_type = chunk_type;
-    };
+        size_type dimension() const
+        {
+            return shape().size();
+        }
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
-    {
-        using inner_shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, true>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, false>;
+        template <class S>
+        bool broadcast_shape(const S& s) const
+        {
+            // Available in "xtensor/xtrides.hpp"
+            return broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
+        }
+
+        template <class S>
+        bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& str) const noexcept
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
     };
 
+
+
     template <class chunk_type>
     template <class O>
     inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
@@ -217,3 +292,6 @@ namespace xt
         return stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 }
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 936091d74..449fb226c 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
@@ -39,4 +41,27 @@ namespace xt
         for (auto it: a)
             ASSERT_EQ(it, v);
     }
+
+    TEST(xchunked_array, assign_expression)
+    {
+        std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 2, 2};
+        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
+        chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
+
+        a = xt::broadcast(3., a.shape());
+        for (const auto& v: a)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, 3.);
+        }
+
+        std::vector<size_t> shape2 = {32, 10, 10};
+        chunked_array a2(shape2, chunk_shape);
+
+        a2 = xt::broadcast(3., a2.shape());
+        for (const auto& v: a2)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, 3.);
+        }
+
+    }
 }

From e7fdcf8b2aea9860424f1268f6ab16dd466563e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2020 10:30:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 053/606] Fix assignment operator

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 35 +++++++++++++--------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       | 49 +++++++++++++++++-------------
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 42f90d38f..6b063b263 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
         using shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
         using temporary_type = typename inner_types::temporary_type;
+        using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
+        static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
 
         template <class O>
         const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
@@ -70,6 +72,16 @@ namespace xt
             return m_shape;
         }
 
+        inline layout_type layout() const noexcept
+        {
+            return static_layout;
+        }
+
+        inline bool is_contiguous() const noexcept
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         template <class... Idxs>
         inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
         {
@@ -177,6 +189,17 @@ namespace xt
             return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
         }
 
+        size_type dimension() const
+        {
+            return shape().size();
+        }
+
+        template <class S>
+        bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const
+        {
+            return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
+        }
+
     private:
 
         xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
@@ -239,18 +262,6 @@ namespace xt
             return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
         }
 
-        size_type dimension() const
-        {
-            return shape().size();
-        }
-
-        template <class S>
-        bool broadcast_shape(const S& s) const
-        {
-            // Available in "xtensor/xtrides.hpp"
-            return broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
-        }
-
         template <class S>
         bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& str) const noexcept
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 449fb226c..0dd39d2c4 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -23,45 +23,52 @@ namespace xt
         chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
 
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {3, 9, 8};
-        double v;
+        double val;
 
-        v = 1.;
-        a[idx] = v;
-        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], v);
-        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), v);
+        val = 1.;
+        a[idx] = val;
+        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], val);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), val);
 
-        v = 2.;
-        a(3, 9, 8) = v;
-        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), v);
-        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], v);
+        val = 2.;
+        a(3, 9, 8) = val;
+        ASSERT_EQ(a(3, 9, 8), val);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], val);
 
-        v = 3.;
+        val = 3.;
         for (auto& it: a)
-            it = v;
+            it = val;
         for (auto it: a)
-            ASSERT_EQ(it, v);
+            ASSERT_EQ(it, val);
     }
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, assign_expression)
     {
-        std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 2, 2};
-        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
-        chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
+        std::vector<size_t> shape1 = {2, 2, 2};
+        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape1 = {2, 3, 4};
+        chunked_array a1(shape1, chunk_shape1);
+        double val;
 
-        a = xt::broadcast(3., a.shape());
-        for (const auto& v: a)
+        val = 3.;
+        a1 = xt::broadcast(val, a1.shape());
+        for (const auto& v: a1)
         {
-            EXPECT_EQ(v, 3.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, val);
         }
 
         std::vector<size_t> shape2 = {32, 10, 10};
-        chunked_array a2(shape2, chunk_shape);
+        chunked_array a2(shape2, chunk_shape1);
 
-        a2 = xt::broadcast(3., a2.shape());
+        a2 = xt::broadcast(val, a2.shape());
         for (const auto& v: a2)
         {
-            EXPECT_EQ(v, 3.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, val);
         }
 
+        a2 += a2;
+        for (const auto& v: a2)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val);
+        }
     }
 }

From 88aa388ff8381d9426bc0bc4ccf345866c090500 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Jul 2020 12:16:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 054/606] Add constructor from xexpression and chunk_shape

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 86 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 68 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 6b063b263..b5a9951c9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -99,23 +99,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class S>
-        xchunked_array(S shape, S chunk_shape):
-            m_shape(shape),
-            m_chunk_shape(chunk_shape)
+        xchunked_array(S shape, S chunk_shape)
         {
-            std::vector<size_t> shape_chunk(shape.size());
-            size_t di = 0;
-            for (auto s: shape)
-            {
-                size_t chunk_nb = s / chunk_shape[di];
-                if (s % chunk_shape[di] > 0)
-                    chunk_nb += 1;  // edge chunk
-                shape_chunk[di] = chunk_nb;
-                di++;
-            }
-            m_chunks.resize(shape_chunk);
-            for (auto& c: m_chunks)
-                c.resize(chunk_shape);
+            resize(shape, chunk_shape);
         }
 
         xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
@@ -155,6 +141,49 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
+        template <class E, class S>
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S chunk_shape)
+        {
+            const auto& shape = e.derived_cast().shape();
+            resize_container(m_shape, shape.size());
+            std::copy(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin());
+            m_chunk_shape = chunk_shape;
+            resize(m_shape, m_chunk_shape);
+            shape_type ic(dimension());  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
+            xstrided_slice_vector sv;  // element slice corresponding to chunk
+            size_t di = 0;  // dimension index
+            // initialize slice
+            for (auto i: ic)
+            {
+                sv.push_back(range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]));
+                di++;
+            }
+            for (auto& chunk: m_chunks)
+            {
+                noalias(chunk) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
+                di = 0;
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    if (ic[di] + 1 == m_chunks.shape()[di])
+                    {
+                        ic[di] = 0;
+                        sv[di] = range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                        if (di + 1 == dimension())
+                            break;
+                        else
+                            di++;
+
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ic[di] += 1;
+                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * m_chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         template <class E>
         self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
         {
@@ -206,6 +235,29 @@ namespace xt
         shape_type m_shape;
         shape_type m_chunk_shape;
 
+        template <class S>
+        void resize(S& shape, S& chunk_shape)
+        {
+            // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
+            std::vector<size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
+            size_t di = 0;
+            for (auto s: shape)
+            {
+                size_t cn = s / chunk_shape[di];
+                if (s % chunk_shape[di] > 0)
+                    cn += 1;  // edge chunk
+                shape_of_chunks[di] = cn;
+                di++;
+            }
+            // resize the xarray of chunks
+            m_chunks.resize(shape_of_chunks);
+            // resize each chunk
+            for (auto& c: m_chunks)
+                c.resize(chunk_shape);
+            m_shape = shape;
+            m_chunk_shape = chunk_shape;
+        }
+
         template <class... Idxs>
         inline std::pair<std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
         {
@@ -269,8 +321,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
     };
 
-
-
     template <class chunk_type>
     template <class O>
     inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper

From 671638b3c96c6863a569424f91f72dc69efdbd5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2020 12:45:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 055/606] Upgraded to xtl 0.6.15

---
 README.md           | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dabfc3024..bfb1889be 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.6.15 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.4   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.3   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 41cf4e747..1393e6ba5 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.12
+  - xtl=0.6.15
   - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json

From 7c796c88259e84596af1f06485191a434d516c90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2020 13:22:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 056/606] Add test

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 36 +++++++++++++++++-------------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       | 13 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index b5a9951c9..a9c3eaa45 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -158,29 +158,35 @@ namespace xt
                 sv.push_back(range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]));
                 di++;
             }
+            size_t ci = 0;
             for (auto& chunk: m_chunks)
             {
                 noalias(chunk) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
-                di = 0;
-                while (true)
+                bool last_chunk = ci == m_chunks.size() - 1;
+                if (!last_chunk)
                 {
-                    if (ic[di] + 1 == m_chunks.shape()[di])
+                    di = 0;
+                    while (true)
                     {
-                        ic[di] = 0;
-                        sv[di] = range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]);
-                        if (di + 1 == dimension())
-                            break;
+                        if (ic[di] + 1 == m_chunks.shape()[di])
+                        {
+                            ic[di] = 0;
+                            sv[di] = range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                            if (di + 1 == dimension())
+                                break;
+                            else
+                                di++;
+
+                        }
                         else
-                            di++;
-
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        ic[di] += 1;
-                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * m_chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * m_chunk_shape[di]);
-                        break;
+                        {
+                            ic[di] += 1;
+                            sv[di] = range(ic[di] * m_chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                            break;
+                        }
                     }
                 }
+                ci += 1;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 0dd39d2c4..507b26aed 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -70,5 +70,18 @@ namespace xt
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val);
         }
+
+        xt::xarray<double> a3
+          {{1., 2., 3.},
+           {4., 5., 6.},
+           {7., 8., 9.}};
+        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape4 = {2, 2};
+        auto a4 = chunked_array(a3, chunk_shape4);
+        double i = 1.;
+        for (const auto& v: a4)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, i);
+            i += 1.;
+        }
     }
 }

From 162548dc2c260bfad9c028eec3de8d092ca549ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2020 14:20:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 057/606] Fix chunk layout

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index a9c3eaa45..2e94bb64b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -165,17 +165,17 @@ namespace xt
                 bool last_chunk = ci == m_chunks.size() - 1;
                 if (!last_chunk)
                 {
-                    di = 0;
+                    di = dimension() - 1;
                     while (true)
                     {
                         if (ic[di] + 1 == m_chunks.shape()[di])
                         {
                             ic[di] = 0;
                             sv[di] = range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]);
-                            if (di + 1 == dimension())
+                            if (di == 0)
                                 break;
                             else
-                                di++;
+                                di--;
 
                         }
                         else

From ef8ff77942122a4f57dbc91b7a5c56efac9b5ff0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2020 16:34:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 058/606] Copy constructor gets expression's chunk_shape if it
 is chunked (#2092)

Copy constructor gets expression's chunk_shape if it is chunked
---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 81 ++++++++++++++++++------------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       | 23 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 2e94bb64b..ba8ada3d5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,43 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        // Workaround for VS2015
+        template <class E>
+        using try_chunk_shape = decltype(std::declval<E>().chunk_shape());
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP, class = void>
+        struct chunk_helper_impl
+        {
+            static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            {
+                return e.derived_cast().shape();
+            }
+            using is_chunked = std::false_type;
+        };
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP>
+        struct chunk_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
+        {
+            static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            {
+                return e.derived_cast().chunk_shape();
+            }
+            using is_chunked = std::true_type;
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        using chunk_helper = chunk_helper_impl<E, try_chunk_shape>;
+    }
+
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    {
+        using return_type = typename detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked;
+        return return_type::value;
+    }
+
     template <class chunk_type>
     class xchunked_array;
 
@@ -110,37 +147,6 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_array(xchunked_array&&) = default;
         xchunked_array& operator=(xchunked_array&&) = default;
 
-        template <class E>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
-        {
-            const auto& sh = e.derived_cast().shape();
-            resize_container(m_shape, sh.size());
-            std::copy(sh.begin(), sh.end(), m_shape.begin());
-            m_chunk_shape = m_shape;
-            // Naive implementation to refine later
-            m_chunk_shape[0] = std::min(size_type(10), m_shape[0]);
-            size_type nb_chunks = m_shape[0] / m_chunk_shape[0];
-            bool additional_chunk = m_shape[0] % m_chunk_shape[0] > 0;
-            if (additional_chunk)
-            {
-                m_chunks.resize({nb_chunks + 1u});
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                m_chunks.resize({nb_chunks});
-            }
-            for (size_type i = 0; i < nb_chunks; ++i)
-            {
-                noalias(m_chunks(i)) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(),
-                    {range(i * m_chunk_shape[0], (i + 1u) * m_chunk_shape[0]), ellipsis()});
-            }
-            if (additional_chunk)
-            {
-                noalias(m_chunks(nb_chunks)) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(),
-                    {range(nb_chunks * m_chunk_shape[0], m_shape[0]), ellipsis()});
-            }
-        }
-
         template <class E, class S>
         xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S chunk_shape)
         {
@@ -190,6 +196,13 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
+        template <class E>
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
+        {
+            const auto& chunk_shape = detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e);
+            *this = xchunked_array<chunk_type>(e, chunk_shape);
+        }
+
         template <class E>
         self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
         {
@@ -229,6 +242,11 @@ namespace xt
             return shape().size();
         }
 
+        shape_type chunk_shape() const
+        {
+            return m_chunk_shape;
+        }
+
         template <class S>
         bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const
         {
@@ -361,4 +379,3 @@ namespace xt
 }
 
 #endif
-
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 507b26aed..15c3f1ae3 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, assign_expression)
     {
+#ifdef _MSC_FULL_VER
+        std::cout << "MSC_FULL_VER = " << _MSC_FULL_VER << std::endl;
+#endif
         std::vector<size_t> shape1 = {2, 2, 2};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape1 = {2, 3, 4};
         chunked_array a1(shape1, chunk_shape1);
@@ -75,13 +78,33 @@ namespace xt
           {{1., 2., 3.},
            {4., 5., 6.},
            {7., 8., 9.}};
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a3), false);
+
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape4 = {2, 2};
         auto a4 = chunked_array(a3, chunk_shape4);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a4), true);
+
         double i = 1.;
         for (const auto& v: a4)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, i);
             i += 1.;
         }
+
+        auto a5 = chunked_array(a4);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a5), true);
+        for (const auto& v: a5.chunk_shape())
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, 2);
+        }
+
+        auto a6 = chunked_array(a3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a6), true);
+        for (const auto& v: a6.chunk_shape())
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, 3);
+        }
     }
 }

From dd3ec144cf257e2fcae3225d633d98e3029a181a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2020 07:42:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 059/606] fix typo in the documentation

---
 docs/source/closure-semantics.rst | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
index 301df73a6..47ecf850f 100644
--- a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
+++ b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ hold a const reference or a value for ``e`` depending on the lvalue-ness of the
 Reusing expressions / sharing expressions
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Sometimes it is necessary to use a xexpression in two seperate places in another xexpression. For example, when computing
+Sometimes it is necessary to use a xexpression in two separate places in another xexpression. For example, when computing
 something like ``sin(A) + cos(A)`` we can see A being referenced twice. This works fine if we can guarantee that ``A`` has a
 long enough lifetime. However, when writing generic interfaces that accept rvalues we cannot always guarantee that ``A`` will
 live long enough.
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ But under certain circumstances it might be required, e.g. to implement a fully
 
 We can see that, before returning from the function, four copies of ``shared_weights``
 exist: two in the two ``xt::sum`` functions, and one is the temporary. The last one lies
-in ``weights`` itself, it is a technical requirement for the ``share`` syyntax. After
+in ``weights`` itself, it is a technical requirement for the ``share`` syntax. After
 returning from the function, only two copies of the ``xshared_expression`` will exist.
 As discussed before, ``xt::make_xshared`` has the same overhead as creating a ``std::shared_ptr``
 which is used internally by the shared expression.

From ba9613a39c7631ca73e88ec3354f76fa13177f05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2020 13:57:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 060/606] Replace template parameter chunk_type with
 chunk_storage

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 49 ++++++++++++++++--------------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       | 16 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index ba8ada3d5..419c3a2fb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -47,37 +47,40 @@ namespace xt
         return return_type::value;
     }
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
     class xchunked_array;
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
     {
+        using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
         using storage_type = chunk_type;
-        using temporary_type = xchunked_array<chunk_type>;
+        using temporary_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>;
     };
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
     {
+        using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using inner_shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, true>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_type>, false>;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>, false>;
     };
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
-    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>,
-                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>,
-                          public xcontainer_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_type>>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
+    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
+                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
+                          public xcontainer_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
     {
     public:
 
+        using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
-        using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_type>;
+        using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>;
         using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
         using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
@@ -200,7 +203,7 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
         {
             const auto& chunk_shape = detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e);
-            *this = xchunked_array<chunk_type>(e, chunk_shape);
+            *this = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(e, chunk_shape);
         }
 
         template <class E>
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
-        xarray<chunk_type> m_chunks;
+        chunk_storage m_chunks;
         shape_type m_shape;
         shape_type m_chunk_shape;
 
@@ -345,33 +348,33 @@ namespace xt
         }
     };
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class chunk_type>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_type>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset, true);
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 15c3f1ae3..c0756e5ed 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    using chunked_array = xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<double>>;
+    using chunked_array = xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<double>>>;
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, indexed_access)
     {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace xt
         double val;
 
         val = 3.;
-        a1 = xt::broadcast(val, a1.shape());
+        a1 = broadcast(val, a1.shape());
         for (const auto& v: a1)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, val);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<size_t> shape2 = {32, 10, 10};
         chunked_array a2(shape2, chunk_shape1);
 
-        a2 = xt::broadcast(val, a2.shape());
+        a2 = broadcast(val, a2.shape());
         for (const auto& v: a2)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, val);
@@ -74,17 +74,17 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val);
         }
 
-        xt::xarray<double> a3
+        xarray<double> a3
           {{1., 2., 3.},
            {4., 5., 6.},
            {7., 8., 9.}};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a3), false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a3), false);
 
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape4 = {2, 2};
         auto a4 = chunked_array(a3, chunk_shape4);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a4), true);
+        EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a4), true);
 
         double i = 1.;
         for (const auto& v: a4)
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         auto a5 = chunked_array(a4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a5), true);
+        EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a5), true);
         for (const auto& v: a5.chunk_shape())
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2);
         }
 
         auto a6 = chunked_array(a3);
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::is_chunked(a6), true);
+        EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a6), true);
         for (const auto& v: a6.chunk_shape())
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 3);

From d44d8ae9a0b2b742fdc0991760c2d7a6288f6780 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2020 10:43:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 061/606] Implement on-disk chunked array (#2096)

First mmplementation of on-disk chunked array
---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 194 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp     |  48 ++++++
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 163 +++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             |  30 ++++
 4 files changed, 435 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b4699c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNK_STORE_MANAGER_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_CHUNK_STORE_MANAGER_HPP
+
+#include <istream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <array>
+
+#include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xcsv.hpp"
+#include "xio.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    template <class EC>
+    class xchunk_store_manager;
+
+    template <class EC>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
+    {
+        using const_reference = const EC&;
+        using reference = EC&;
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+        using storage_type = EC;
+        using temporary_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC>;
+    };
+
+    template <class EC>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
+    {
+        using inner_shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, false>;
+    };
+
+    template <class EC>
+    class xchunk_store_manager: public xaccessible<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>,
+                        public xiterable<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using const_reference = const EC&;
+        using reference = EC&;
+        using self_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC>;
+        using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
+        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
+        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
+        using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
+        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
+        using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
+        using value_type = storage_type;
+        using pointer = value_type*;
+        using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
+
+        template <class O>
+        stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
+
+        const shape_type& shape() const
+        {
+            return m_shape;
+        }
+
+        xchunk_store_manager()
+        {
+        }
+
+        template <class I>
+        void map_file_array(I first, I last)
+        {
+            std::string path;
+            for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+            {
+                if (!path.empty())
+                    path.append(".");
+                path.append(std::to_string(*it));
+            }
+            m_file_array.set_path(path);
+        }
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
+        {
+            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
+            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+            return m_file_array;
+        }
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline reference operator()(Idxs... idxs)
+        {
+            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
+            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+            return m_file_array;
+        }
+
+        xchunk_store_manager(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
+        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
+
+        xchunk_store_manager(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
+        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
+
+        reference operator[](const xindex& index)
+        {
+            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+            return m_file_array;
+        }
+
+        const_reference operator[](const xindex& index) const
+        {
+            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+            return m_file_array;
+        }
+
+        template <class It>
+        inline reference element(It first, It last)
+        {
+            map_file_array(first, last);
+            return m_file_array;
+        }
+
+        template <class It>
+        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
+        {
+            map_file_array(first, last);
+            return m_file_array;
+        }
+
+        size_type dimension() const
+        {
+            return shape().size();
+        }
+
+        template <class S>
+        void resize(S& shape)
+        {
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        shape_type m_shape;
+        EC m_file_array;
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
+        {
+            std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
+            return indexes;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset);
+    }
+
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
+
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset);
+    }
+
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54a78bb98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef XTENSOR_DISK_IO_HANDLER_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_DISK_IO_HANDLER_HPP
+
+#include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xcsv.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    template <class EC>
+    class xdisk_io_handler
+    {
+    public:
+
+        void set_array(xarray<EC>& array)
+        {
+            m_array = &array;
+        }
+
+        void write(std::string& path)
+        {
+            if (m_out_file.is_open())
+                m_out_file.close();
+            m_out_file.open(path);
+            if (m_out_file.is_open())
+                dump_csv(m_out_file, *m_array);
+        }
+
+        void read(std::string& path)
+        {
+            if (m_in_file.is_open())
+                m_in_file.close();
+            m_in_file.open(path);
+            if (m_in_file.is_open())
+                *m_array = load_csv<EC>(m_in_file);
+            else
+                *m_array = broadcast(0, m_array->shape());
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        std::ifstream m_in_file;
+        std::ofstream m_out_file;
+        xarray<EC>* m_array;
+
+    };
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1f2564ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#ifndef XTENSOR_FILE_ARRAY_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_FILE_ARRAY_HPP
+
+#include "xarray.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    template <class EC>
+    class xfile_reference
+    {
+    public:
+
+        xfile_reference(EC& value, bool& array_dirty)
+        {
+            m_pvalue = &value;
+            m_parray_dirty = &array_dirty;
+        }
+
+        operator const EC() const
+        {
+            return *m_pvalue;
+        }
+
+        operator EC()
+        {
+            return *m_pvalue;
+        }
+
+        EC operator=(const EC value)
+        {
+            if (value != *m_pvalue)
+            {
+                *m_parray_dirty = true;
+                *m_pvalue = value;
+            }
+            return *m_pvalue;
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        EC* m_pvalue;
+        bool* m_parray_dirty;
+
+    };
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    class xfile_array;
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
+    {
+        using const_reference = const EC&;
+        using reference = EC&;
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+        using storage_type = EC;
+    };
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
+    {
+        using inner_shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>, false>;
+    };
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    class xfile_array: public xaccessible<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>,
+                       public xiterable<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using const_reference = const EC&;
+        using reference = xfile_reference<EC>;
+        using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+        using self_type = xfile_array<EC, io_handler>;
+        using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
+        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
+        using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
+        using value_type = storage_type;
+
+        ~xfile_array()
+        {
+            if (m_array_dirty)
+                m_io_handler.write(m_path);
+        }
+
+        void set_path(std::string& path)
+        {
+            if (path != m_path)
+            {
+                // maybe write to old file
+                if (m_array_dirty)
+                {
+                    m_io_handler.write(m_path);
+                    m_array_dirty = false;
+                }
+                m_path = path;
+                // read new file
+                m_io_handler.read(path);
+            }
+        }
+
+        template <class S>
+        void resize(S& shape)
+        {
+            m_array.resize(shape);
+            m_array = broadcast(0, shape);
+            m_io_handler.set_array(m_array);
+        }
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline reference operator()(Idxs... idxs)
+        {
+            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
+            return reference(m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend()), m_array_dirty);
+        }
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
+        {
+            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
+            return m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+        }
+
+        reference operator[](const xindex& index)
+        {
+            return reference(m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend()), m_array_dirty);
+        }
+
+        const_reference operator[](const xindex& index) const
+        {
+            return m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+        }
+
+        template <class It>
+        inline reference element(It first, It last)
+        {
+            return reference(m_array.element(first, last), m_array_dirty);
+        }
+
+        template <class It>
+        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
+        {
+            return m_array.element(first, last);
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        xarray<EC> m_array;
+        bool m_array_dirty;
+        io_handler m_io_handler;
+        std::string m_path;
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        inline std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
+        {
+            std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
+            return indexes;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index c0756e5ed..6474aafc5 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xfile_array.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -107,4 +110,31 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 3);
         }
     }
+
+    TEST(xchunked_array, disk_array)
+    {
+        std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 4};
+        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2};
+        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xt::xdisk_io_handler<double>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
+        std::vector<size_t> idx = {1, 2};
+        double v1 = 3.4;
+        double v2 = 5.6;
+        a1(2, 1) = v1;
+        a1[idx] = v2;
+        ASSERT_EQ(a1(2, 1), v1);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a1[idx], v2);
+
+        std::ifstream in_file;
+        in_file.open("0.1");
+        auto data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
+        xt::xarray<double> ref = {{0, 0}, {v2, 0}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
+        in_file.close();
+
+        in_file.open("1.0");
+        data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
+        ref = {{0, v1}, {0, 0}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
+        in_file.close();
+    }
 }

From 65e2c2ef115b4014ed198ca6f96052c498068b50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2020 11:52:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 062/606] Fixed CI

---
 .appveyor.yml                            | 5 ++---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 3 +--
 test/CMakeLists.txt                      | 4 +++-
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
index 39c064ab2..378162cb7 100644
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -33,12 +33,11 @@ install:
   - conda info -a
   - conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
   - CALL conda.bat activate xtensor
-  - conda install gtest=1.10.0 -c conda-forge
   - ps: if($env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE -eq "Visual Studio 2015") {
-        cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE .
+        cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE .
         }
         else {
-        cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DDISABLE_VS2017=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE .
+        cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DDISABLE_VS2017=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE .
         }
   - nmake test_xtensor_lib
   - cd test
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index de8af69b1..1a00afdc8 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ jobs:
       # Note: conda activate doesn't work here, because it creates a new shell!
       - script: |
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
-                        gtest==1.10.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
                         xtl==0.6.12 ^
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
                 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
                 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
                 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
-                -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ^
+                -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON ^
                 -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON ^
                 $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
         displayName: "Configure xtensor"
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 7ed9a876a..57d935c8b 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
       set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fno-exceptions")
     endif()
   else() # We are using clang-cl
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /MP /bigobj")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /bigobj")
     set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS ${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO)
     add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
     add_definitions(-D_SILENCE_TR1_NAMESPACE_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
         message(FATAL_ERROR "Build step for googletest failed: ${result}")
     endif()
 
+    set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+
     # Add googletest directly to our build. This defines
     # the gtest and gtest_main targets.
     add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src

From 9f5c7a44e97610d4909aed0b8201cb12d89e2ff9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2020 21:44:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 063/606] to squash

---
 .travis.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 5e3e4d30e..84d8f4c1e 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ matrix:
       env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=9 ENABLE_CPP20=1
     - os: osx
       if: branch = master
-      osx_image: xcode8
+      osx_image: xcode9
       compiler: clang
   allow_failures:
     - env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=9 ENABLE_CPP20=1

From ab44bb17ec5f494c8005a52250d06f7290b42b73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2020 21:44:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 064/606] testing appveyor

---
 .appveyor.yml | 9 +++------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
index 378162cb7..e96c2d10b 100644
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -33,12 +33,9 @@ install:
   - conda info -a
   - conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
   - CALL conda.bat activate xtensor
-  - ps: if($env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE -eq "Visual Studio 2015") {
-        cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE .
-        }
-        else {
-        cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DDISABLE_VS2017=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE .
-        }
+  - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set CMAKE_ARGS="-DDISABLE_VS2017=ON"
+  - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set CMAKE_ARGS=""
+  - cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE %CMAKE_ARGS% .
   - nmake test_xtensor_lib
   - cd test
 

From ff36a7220d68278ee1cc520923ffb1386649bcc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2020 23:57:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 065/606] Implement chunk pool in xchunk_store_manager (#2099)

Implement chunk pool in xchunk_store_manager
---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 101 ++++++++++++++++++-----
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       |   5 ++
 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp     |  14 ++--
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          |  13 +++
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             |  21 ++++-
 5 files changed, 124 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 5b4699c1c..b054d2225 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC>
     struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
     {
-        using inner_shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+        using inner_shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
         using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, true>;
         using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, false>;
     };
 
     template <class EC>
     class xchunk_store_manager: public xaccessible<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>,
-                        public xiterable<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
+                                public xiterable<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace xt
         using pointer = value_type*;
         using const_pointer = const value_type*;
         using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
-        using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+        using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
 
         template <class O>
         const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
@@ -72,35 +72,96 @@ namespace xt
 
         xchunk_store_manager()
         {
+            // default pool size is 1
+            // so that first chunk is always resized to the chunk shape
+            m_chunk_pool.resize(1);
+            m_index_pool.resize(1);
+            m_unload_index = 0;
+        }
+
+        void set_pool_size(std::size_t n)
+        {
+            // first chunk always has the correct shape
+            // get the shape before resizing the pool
+            auto chunk_shape = m_chunk_pool[0].array().shape();
+            m_chunk_pool.resize(n);
+            m_index_pool.resize(n);
+            m_unload_index = 0;
+            // resize the pool chunks
+            for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
+            {
+                chunk.resize(chunk_shape);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void flush()
+        {
+            for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
+            {
+                chunk.flush();
+            }
         }
 
         template <class I>
-        void map_file_array(I first, I last)
+        EC& map_file_array(I first, I last)
         {
             std::string path;
+            std::vector<std::size_t> index;
             for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
             {
                 if (!path.empty())
+                {
                     path.append(".");
+                }
                 path.append(std::to_string(*it));
+                index.push_back(*it);
+            }
+            if (index.empty())
+            {
+                return m_chunk_pool[0];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // check if the chunk is already loaded in memory
+                const auto it1 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), index);
+                std::size_t i;
+                if (it1 != m_index_pool.cend())
+                {
+                    i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it1);
+                    return m_chunk_pool[i];
+                }
+                // if not, find a free chunk in the pool
+                std::vector<std::size_t> empty_index;
+                const auto it2 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), empty_index);
+                if (it2 != m_index_pool.cend())
+                {
+                    i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it2);
+                    m_chunk_pool[i].set_path(path);
+                    m_index_pool[i] = index;
+                    return m_chunk_pool[i];
+                }
+                // no free chunk, take one (which will thus be unloaded)
+                // fairness is guaranteed through the use of a walking index
+                m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index].set_path(path);
+                m_index_pool[m_unload_index] = index;
+                auto& chunk = m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index];
+                m_unload_index = (m_unload_index + 1) % m_index_pool.size();
+                return chunk;
             }
-            m_file_array.set_path(path);
         }
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
         {
             auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-            return m_file_array;
+            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
         }
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         inline reference operator()(Idxs... idxs)
         {
             auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-            return m_file_array;
+            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
         }
 
         xchunk_store_manager(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
@@ -111,28 +172,24 @@ namespace xt
 
         reference operator[](const xindex& index)
         {
-            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-            return m_file_array;
+            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
         }
 
         const_reference operator[](const xindex& index) const
         {
-            map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-            return m_file_array;
+            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
         }
 
         template <class It>
         inline reference element(It first, It last)
         {
-            map_file_array(first, last);
-            return m_file_array;
+            return map_file_array(first, last);
         }
 
         template <class It>
         inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
         {
-            map_file_array(first, last);
-            return m_file_array;
+            return map_file_array(first, last);
         }
 
         size_type dimension() const
@@ -143,17 +200,21 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         void resize(S& shape)
         {
+            // don't resize according to total number of chunks
+            // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
         }
 
     private:
 
         shape_type m_shape;
-        EC m_file_array;
+        std::vector<EC> m_chunk_pool;
+        std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> m_index_pool;
+        std::size_t m_unload_index;
 
         template <class... Idxs>
-        inline std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
+        inline std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
         {
-            std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
+            std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
             return indexes;
         }
     };
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 419c3a2fb..d832324c8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -199,6 +199,11 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
+        chunk_storage& chunks()
+        {
+            return m_chunks;
+        }
+
         template <class E>
         xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
index 54a78bb98..47be3acaa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
@@ -18,28 +18,30 @@ namespace xt
 
         void write(std::string& path)
         {
-            if (m_out_file.is_open())
-                m_out_file.close();
+            std::ofstream m_out_file;
             m_out_file.open(path);
             if (m_out_file.is_open())
+            {
                 dump_csv(m_out_file, *m_array);
+                m_out_file.close();
+            }
         }
 
         void read(std::string& path)
         {
-            if (m_in_file.is_open())
-                m_in_file.close();
+            std::ifstream m_in_file;
             m_in_file.open(path);
             if (m_in_file.is_open())
+            {
                 *m_array = load_csv<EC>(m_in_file);
+                m_in_file.close();
+            }
             else
                 *m_array = broadcast(0, m_array->shape());
         }
 
     private:
 
-        std::ifstream m_in_file;
-        std::ofstream m_out_file;
         xarray<EC>* m_array;
 
     };
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index c1f2564ff..70e4e18c9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -79,9 +79,22 @@ namespace xt
         using value_type = storage_type;
 
         ~xfile_array()
+        {
+            flush();
+        }
+        
+        void flush()
         {
             if (m_array_dirty)
+            {
                 m_io_handler.write(m_path);
+                m_array_dirty = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        xarray<EC>& array()
+        {
+            return m_array;
         }
 
         void set_path(std::string& path)
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 6474aafc5..8c506d377 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -116,24 +116,37 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 4};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2};
         xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xt::xdisk_io_handler<double>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
+        a1.chunks().set_pool_size(2);
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {1, 2};
         double v1 = 3.4;
         double v2 = 5.6;
+        double v3 = 7.8;
         a1(2, 1) = v1;
         a1[idx] = v2;
+        a1(0, 0) = v3; // this should unload chunk 1.0
         ASSERT_EQ(a1(2, 1), v1);
         ASSERT_EQ(a1[idx], v2);
+        ASSERT_EQ(a1(0, 0), v3);
 
         std::ifstream in_file;
+        xt::xarray<double> ref;
+        xt::xarray<double> data;
+        in_file.open("1.0");
+        data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
+        ref = {{0, v1}, {0, 0}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
+        in_file.close();
+        
+        a1.chunks().flush();
         in_file.open("0.1");
-        auto data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
-        xt::xarray<double> ref = {{0, 0}, {v2, 0}};
+        data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
+        ref = {{0, 0}, {v2, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
         in_file.close();
 
-        in_file.open("1.0");
+        in_file.open("0.0");
         data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
-        ref = {{0, v1}, {0, 0}};
+        ref = {{v3, 0}, {0, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
         in_file.close();
     }

From 5195fdd72119b2456a347dc17bd5cba9b98e68f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:03:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 066/606] Make xfile_array an expression

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp |   3 -
 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp     |  22 +--
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 190 +++++++++++++++++++++--
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             |  49 +++++-
 4 files changed, 235 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index b054d2225..d33bc90f8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNK_STORE_MANAGER_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CHUNK_STORE_MANAGER_HPP
 
-#include <istream>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
 #include <array>
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
index 47be3acaa..aff422ad4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
@@ -11,39 +11,31 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        void set_array(xarray<EC>& array)
-        {
-            m_array = &array;
-        }
-
-        void write(std::string& path)
+        void write(xarray<EC>& array, std::string& path)
         {
             std::ofstream m_out_file;
             m_out_file.open(path);
             if (m_out_file.is_open())
             {
-                dump_csv(m_out_file, *m_array);
+                dump_csv(m_out_file, array);
                 m_out_file.close();
             }
         }
 
-        void read(std::string& path)
+        void read(xarray<EC>& array, std::string& path)
         {
             std::ifstream m_in_file;
             m_in_file.open(path);
             if (m_in_file.is_open())
             {
-                *m_array = load_csv<EC>(m_in_file);
+                array = load_csv<EC>(m_in_file);
                 m_in_file.close();
             }
             else
-                *m_array = broadcast(0, m_array->shape());
+            {
+                array = broadcast(0, array.shape());
+            }
         }
-
-    private:
-
-        xarray<EC>* m_array;
-
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index 70e4e18c9..83c2c3fbe 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -1,10 +1,52 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_FILE_ARRAY_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_FILE_ARRAY_HPP
 
+#include <istream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
 #include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xnoalias.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        // Workaround for VS2015
+        template <class E>
+        using try_path = decltype(std::declval<E>().path());
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP, class = void>
+        struct file_helper_impl
+        {
+            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            {
+                return "";
+            }
+            using is_stored = std::false_type;
+        };
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP>
+        struct file_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
+        {
+            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            {
+                return e.derived_cast().path();
+            }
+            using is_stored = std::true_type;
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        using file_helper = file_helper_impl<E, try_path>;
+    }
+
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr bool is_stored(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    {
+        using return_type = typename detail::file_helper<E>::is_stored;
+        return return_type::value;
+    }
+
     template <class EC>
     class xfile_reference
     {
@@ -50,44 +92,83 @@ namespace xt
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
     {
         using const_reference = const EC&;
-        using reference = EC&;
+        using reference = xfile_reference<EC>;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
         using storage_type = EC;
+        using temporary_type = xfile_array<EC, io_handler>;
     };
 
     template <class EC, class io_handler>
     struct xiterable_inner_types<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
     {
-        using inner_shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+        using inner_shape_type = typename xarray<EC>::shape_type;
         using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>, true>;
         using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>, false>;
     };
 
     template <class EC, class io_handler>
     class xfile_array: public xaccessible<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>,
-                       public xiterable<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
+                       public xiterable<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>,
+                       public xcontainer_semantic<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
     {
     public:
 
         using const_reference = const EC&;
         using reference = xfile_reference<EC>;
-        using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
         using self_type = xfile_array<EC, io_handler>;
+        using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
+        using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
+        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
+        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
         using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
         using value_type = storage_type;
+        using pointer = value_type*;
+        using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using shape_type = typename xarray<EC>::shape_type;
+        using temporary_type = typename inner_types::temporary_type;
+        using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
+        static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
+
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
+
+        template <class O>
+        stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
+
+        const auto& shape() const
+        {
+            return m_array.shape();
+        }
+
+        inline layout_type layout() const noexcept
+        {
+            return static_layout;
+        }
+
+        inline bool is_contiguous() const noexcept
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        xfile_array() {}
 
         ~xfile_array()
         {
             flush();
         }
-        
+
         void flush()
         {
             if (m_array_dirty)
             {
-                m_io_handler.write(m_path);
+                m_io_handler.write(m_array, m_path);
                 m_array_dirty = false;
             }
         }
@@ -97,6 +178,12 @@ namespace xt
             return m_array;
         }
 
+        void set_path(const char* path)
+        {
+            std::string p(path);
+            set_path(p);
+        }
+
         void set_path(std::string& path)
         {
             if (path != m_path)
@@ -104,12 +191,12 @@ namespace xt
                 // maybe write to old file
                 if (m_array_dirty)
                 {
-                    m_io_handler.write(m_path);
+                    m_io_handler.write(m_array, m_path);
                     m_array_dirty = false;
                 }
                 m_path = path;
                 // read new file
-                m_io_handler.read(path);
+                m_io_handler.read(m_array, path);
             }
         }
 
@@ -118,7 +205,6 @@ namespace xt
         {
             m_array.resize(shape);
             m_array = broadcast(0, shape);
-            m_io_handler.set_array(m_array);
         }
 
         template <class... Idxs>
@@ -135,6 +221,38 @@ namespace xt
             return m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
         }
 
+        xfile_array(const xfile_array&) = default;
+        xfile_array& operator=(const xfile_array&) = default;
+
+        xfile_array(xfile_array&&) = default;
+        xfile_array& operator=(xfile_array&&) = default;
+
+        template <class E>
+        xfile_array(const xexpression<E>& e, const char* path)
+        {
+            set_path(path);
+            m_array_dirty = true;
+            const auto& shape = e.derived_cast().shape();
+            m_array.resize(shape);
+            xstrided_slice_vector sv;
+            for (auto i = 0; i < dimension(); i++)
+                sv.push_back(all());
+            noalias(m_array) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        xfile_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
+        {
+            const char* path = detail::file_helper<E>::path(e);
+            *this = xfile_array<EC, io_handler>(e, path);
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
+        {
+            return semantic_base::operator=(e);
+        }
+
         reference operator[](const xindex& index)
         {
             return reference(m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend()), m_array_dirty);
@@ -157,6 +275,22 @@ namespace xt
             return m_array.element(first, last);
         }
 
+        size_type dimension() const
+        {
+            return shape().size();
+        }
+
+        const char* path() const
+        {
+            return m_path.c_str();
+        }
+
+        template <class S>
+        bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const
+        {
+            return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
+        }
+
     private:
 
         xarray<EC> m_array;
@@ -170,7 +304,45 @@ namespace xt
             std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
             return indexes;
         }
+
+        template <class S>
+        bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& str) const noexcept
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
     };
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset);
+    }
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset);
+    }
+
+    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 8c506d377..492962c88 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 4};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2};
-        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xt::xdisk_io_handler<double>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
+        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
         a1.chunks().set_pool_size(2);
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {1, 2};
         double v1 = 3.4;
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ namespace xt
         ref = {{0, v1}, {0, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
         in_file.close();
-        
+
         a1.chunks().flush();
         in_file.open("0.1");
         data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
@@ -150,4 +150,49 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
         in_file.close();
     }
+
+    TEST(xfile_array, indexed_access)
+    {
+        std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 2, 2};
+        xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>> a;
+        a.resize(shape);
+        double val = 3.;
+        for (auto it: a)
+            it = val;
+        for (auto it: a)
+            ASSERT_EQ(it, val);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xfile_array, assign_expression)
+    {
+        double v1 = 3.;
+        auto a1 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>>(broadcast(v1, {2, 2}), "a1");
+        for (const auto& v: a1)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, v1);
+        }
+
+        double v2 = 2. * v1;
+        auto a2 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>>(a1 + a1, "a2");
+        for (const auto& v: a2)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, v2);
+        }
+
+        a1.flush();
+        a2.flush();
+
+        std::ifstream in_file;
+        in_file.open("a1");
+        auto data = load_csv<double>(in_file);
+        xarray<double> ref = {{v1, v1}, {v1, v1}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
+        in_file.close();
+
+        in_file.open("a2");
+        data = load_csv<double>(in_file);
+        ref = {{v2, v2}, {v2, v2}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
+        in_file.close();
+    }
 }

From 0481503bd64f7ab131535d2c2b6bf32f180f1922 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 2020 11:41:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 067/606] xchunked_array code cleanup

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 604 ++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 344 insertions(+), 260 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index d832324c8..971a1c50e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -10,42 +10,10 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        // Workaround for VS2015
-        template <class E>
-        using try_chunk_shape = decltype(std::declval<E>().chunk_shape());
 
-        template <class E, template <class> class OP, class = void>
-        struct chunk_helper_impl
-        {
-            static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
-            {
-                return e.derived_cast().shape();
-            }
-            using is_chunked = std::false_type;
-        };
-
-        template <class E, template <class> class OP>
-        struct chunk_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
-        {
-            static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
-            {
-                return e.derived_cast().chunk_shape();
-            }
-            using is_chunked = std::true_type;
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        using chunk_helper = chunk_helper_impl<E, try_chunk_shape>;
-    }
-
-    template<class E>
-    constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e)
-    {
-        using return_type = typename detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked;
-        return return_type::value;
-    }
+    /******************************
+     * xchunked_array declaration *
+     ******************************/
 
     template <class chunk_storage>
     class xchunked_array;
@@ -77,6 +45,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
+        using chunk_storage_type = chunk_storage;
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
@@ -97,292 +66,407 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
 
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
+        template <class S>
+        xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
 
-        template <class O>
-        stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
+        xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
+        xchunked_array& operator=(const xchunked_array&) = default;
 
-        const shape_type& shape() const
-        {
-            return m_shape;
-        }
+        xchunked_array(xchunked_array&&) = default;
+        xchunked_array& operator=(xchunked_array&&) = default;
 
-        inline layout_type layout() const noexcept
-        {
-            return static_layout;
-        }
+        template <class E>
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
-        inline bool is_contiguous() const noexcept
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
+        template <class E, class S>
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape);
+
+        template <class E>
+        xchunked_array& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+        const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
+        layout_type layout() const noexcept;
+        bool is_contiguous() const noexcept;
 
         template <class... Idxs>
-        inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
-        {
-            auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
-            return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
-        }
+        reference operator()(Idxs... idxs);
 
         template <class... Idxs>
-        inline reference operator()(Idxs... idxs)
-        {
-            auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
-            return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
-        }
+        const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const;
+
+        template <class It>
+        reference element(It first, It last);
+
+        template <class It>
+        const_reference element(It first, It last) const;
 
         template <class S>
-        xchunked_array(S shape, S chunk_shape)
-        {
-            resize(shape, chunk_shape);
-        }
+        bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const;
 
-        xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
-        xchunked_array& operator=(const xchunked_array&) = default;
+        template <class S>
+        stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
+        template <class S>
+        stepper stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
 
-        xchunked_array(xchunked_array&&) = default;
-        xchunked_array& operator=(xchunked_array&&) = default;
+        template <class S>
+        const_stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept;
+        template <class S>
+        const_stepper stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
 
-        template <class E, class S>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S chunk_shape)
+        const shape_type& chunk_shape() const;
+        chunk_storage_type& chunks();
+        const chunk_storage_type& chunks() const;
+
+    private:
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        using indexes_type = std::pair<std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>>;
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        using chunk_indexes_type = std::array<std::pair<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>;
+
+        template <std::size_t N>
+        using static_indexes_type = std::pair<std::array<size_t, N>, std::array<size_t, N>>;
+
+        using dynamic_indexes_type = std::pair<std::vector<size_t>, std::vector<size_t>>;
+
+        template <class S1, class S2>
+        void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape);
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        indexes_type<Idxs...> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const;
+
+        template <class Idx>
+        std::pair<size_t, size_t> get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const;
+
+        template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
+        chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...> get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const;
+
+        template <class T, std::size_t N>
+        static_indexes_type<N> unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const;
+
+        template <class It>
+        dynamic_indexes_type get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const;
+
+        shape_type m_shape;
+        shape_type m_chunk_shape;
+        chunk_storage_type m_chunks;
+    };
+
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+    /*******************************
+     * chunk_helper implementation *
+     *******************************/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        // Workaround for VS2015
+        template <class E>
+        using try_chunk_shape = decltype(std::declval<E>().chunk_shape());
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP, class = void>
+        struct chunk_helper_impl
         {
-            const auto& shape = e.derived_cast().shape();
-            resize_container(m_shape, shape.size());
-            std::copy(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin());
-            m_chunk_shape = chunk_shape;
-            resize(m_shape, m_chunk_shape);
-            shape_type ic(dimension());  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
-            xstrided_slice_vector sv;  // element slice corresponding to chunk
-            size_t di = 0;  // dimension index
-            // initialize slice
-            for (auto i: ic)
+            using is_chunked = std::false_type;
+            static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
             {
-                sv.push_back(range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]));
-                di++;
+                return e.derived_cast().shape();
             }
-            size_t ci = 0;
-            for (auto& chunk: m_chunks)
+        };
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP>
+        struct chunk_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
+        {
+            using is_chunked = std::true_type;
+            static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
             {
-                noalias(chunk) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
-                bool last_chunk = ci == m_chunks.size() - 1;
-                if (!last_chunk)
+                return e.derived_cast().chunk_shape();
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        using chunk_helper = chunk_helper_impl<E, try_chunk_shape>;
+    }
+
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>&)
+    {
+        using return_type = typename detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked;
+        return return_type::value;
+    }
+
+    /*********************************
+     * xchunked_array implementation *
+     *********************************/
+
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
+        : xchunked_array(e, detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class E, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        xstrided_slice_vector sv(m_chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
+        std::transform(m_chunk_shape.begin(), m_chunk_shape.end(), sv.begin(),
+                       [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
+
+        shape_type ic(this->dimension());  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
+        size_type ci = 0;
+        for (auto& chunk: m_chunks)
+        {
+            noalias(chunk) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
+            bool last_chunk = ci == m_chunks.size() - 1;
+            if (!last_chunk)
+            {
+                size_type di = this->dimension() - 1;
+                while (true)
                 {
-                    di = dimension() - 1;
-                    while (true)
+                    if (ic[di] + 1 == m_chunks.shape()[di])
                     {
-                        if (ic[di] + 1 == m_chunks.shape()[di])
+                        ic[di] = 0;
+                        sv[di] = range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                        if (di == 0)
                         {
-                            ic[di] = 0;
-                            sv[di] = range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]);
-                            if (di == 0)
-                                break;
-                            else
-                                di--;
-
+                            break;
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            ic[di] += 1;
-                            sv[di] = range(ic[di] * m_chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * m_chunk_shape[di]);
-                            break;
+                            di--;
                         }
+
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ic[di] += 1;
+                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * m_chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                        break;
                     }
                 }
-                ci += 1;
             }
+            ++ci;
         }
+    }
 
-        chunk_storage& chunks()
-        {
-            return m_chunks;
-        }
-
-        template <class E>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
-        {
-            const auto& chunk_shape = detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e);
-            *this = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(e, chunk_shape);
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
+    {
+        return semantic_base::operator=(e);
+    }
 
-        template <class E>
-        self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
-        {
-            return semantic_base::operator=(e);
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_shape;
+    }
 
-        reference operator[](const xindex& index)
-        {
-            reference el = element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-            return el;
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type 
+    {
+        return static_layout;
+    }
 
-        const_reference operator[](const xindex& index) const
-        {
-            const_reference const_el = element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-            return const_el;
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
+    {
+        auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
+        auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
+        return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
+    }
 
-        template <class It>
-        inline reference element(It first, It last)
-        {
-            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
-            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
-            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
+        auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
+        return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
+    }
 
-        template <class It>
-        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
-        {
-            auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
-            auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
-            return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
+    {
+        auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
+        auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
+        return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
+    }
 
-        size_type dimension() const
-        {
-            return shape().size();
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
+        auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
+        return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
+    }
 
-        shape_type chunk_shape() const
-        {
-            return m_chunk_shape;
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class S>
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS>::broadcast_shape(S& s, bool) const
+    {
+        return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
+    }
 
-        template <class S>
-        bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const
-        {
-            return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class S>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset);
+    }
 
-    private:
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class S>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
 
-        chunk_storage m_chunks;
-        shape_type m_shape;
-        shape_type m_chunk_shape;
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class S>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset);
+    }
 
-        template <class S>
-        void resize(S& shape, S& chunk_shape)
-        {
-            // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
-            std::vector<size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
-            size_t di = 0;
-            for (auto s: shape)
-            {
-                size_t cn = s / chunk_shape[di];
-                if (s % chunk_shape[di] > 0)
-                    cn += 1;  // edge chunk
-                shape_of_chunks[di] = cn;
-                di++;
-            }
-            // resize the xarray of chunks
-            m_chunks.resize(shape_of_chunks);
-            // resize each chunk
-            for (auto& c: m_chunks)
-                c.resize(chunk_shape);
-            m_shape = shape;
-            m_chunk_shape = chunk_shape;
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class S>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
+    
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunks() -> chunk_storage_type&
+    {
+        return m_chunks;
+    }
 
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        inline std::pair<std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
-        {
-            auto chunk_indexes_packed = get_chunk_indexes(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Idxs)>(), idxs...);
-            auto chunk_indexes = unpack(chunk_indexes_packed);
-            auto indexes_of_chunk = chunk_indexes.first;
-            auto indexes_in_chunk = chunk_indexes.second;
-            return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunks() const -> const chunk_storage_type&
+    {
+        return m_chunks;
+    }
 
-        template <class Idx>
-        std::pair<size_t, size_t> get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const
-        {
-            size_t index_of_chunk = idx / m_chunk_shape[dim];
-            size_t index_in_chunk = idx - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
-            return std::make_pair(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
-        }
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_chunk_shape;
+    }
 
-        template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
-        std::array<std::pair<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>
-        get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
-        {
-            std::array<std::pair<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)> chunk_indexes = {{get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dims, idxs)...}};
-            return chunk_indexes;
-        }
 
-        template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        std::pair<std::array<size_t, N>, std::array<size_t, N>> unpack(std::array<T, N> &arr) const
-        {
-            std::array<size_t, N> arr0;
-            std::array<size_t, N> arr1;
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class S1, class S2>
+    inline void xchunked_array<CS>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
+        std::vector<size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
+        std::transform
+        (
+            shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(),
+            chunk_shape.cbegin(),
+            shape_of_chunks.begin(),
+            [](auto s, auto cs)
             {
-                arr0[i] = std::get<0>(arr[i]);
-                arr1[i] = std::get<1>(arr[i]);
+                size_t cn = s / cs;
+                if (s % cs > 0)
+                    cn += size_t(1); // edge_chunk
+                return cn;
             }
-            return std::make_pair(arr0, arr1);
-        }
+        );
 
-        template <class It>
-        inline std::pair<std::vector<size_t>, std::vector<size_t>> get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const
+        // resize the xarray of chunks
+        m_chunks.resize(shape_of_chunks);
+        // resize each chunk
+        for (auto& c: m_chunks)
         {
-            std::vector<size_t> indexes_of_chunk;
-            std::vector<size_t> indexes_in_chunk;
-            std::pair<size_t, size_t> chunk_index;
-            size_t dim = 0;
-            for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
-            {
-                chunk_index = get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dim, *it);
-                indexes_of_chunk.push_back(chunk_index.first);
-                indexes_in_chunk.push_back(chunk_index.second);
-                dim++;
-            }
-            return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
+            c.resize(chunk_shape);
         }
 
-        template <class S>
-        bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& str) const noexcept
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-    };
+        m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S1>(shape);
+        m_chunk_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S2>(chunk_shape);
+    }
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const -> indexes_type<Idxs...>
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset);
+        auto chunk_indexes_packed = get_chunk_indexes(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Idxs)>(), idxs...);
+        return unpack(chunk_indexes_packed);
     }
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class Idx>
+    inline std::pair<size_t, size_t> xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
+        size_t index_of_chunk = idx / m_chunk_shape[dim];
+        size_t index_in_chunk = idx - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
+        return std::make_pair(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
     }
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    template <class CS>
+    template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
+        -> chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...>
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset);
+        chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...> chunk_indexes = {{get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dims, idxs)...}};
+        return chunk_indexes;
     }
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<chunk_storage>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class T, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+        std::array<size_t, N> arr0;
+        std::array<size_t, N> arr1;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+        {
+            arr0[i] = std::get<0>(arr[i]);
+            arr1[i] = std::get<1>(arr[i]);
+        }
+        return std::make_pair(arr0, arr1);
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const -> dynamic_indexes_type
+    {
+        auto size = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
+        std::vector<size_t> indexes_of_chunk(size);
+        std::vector<size_t> indexes_in_chunk(size);
+        for (auto dim = 0; dim < size; ++dim)
+        {
+            auto chunk_index = get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dim, *first++);
+            indexes_of_chunk[dim] = chunk_index.first;
+            indexes_in_chunk[dim] = chunk_index.second;
+        }
+        return std::make_pair(indexes_of_chunk, indexes_in_chunk);
     }
 }
 

From 5f3c37de792bf39917242ff1600267b540fc3c7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 2020 00:01:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 068/606] xchunk_store_manager code cleanup

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 357 +++++++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       |   3 +-
 2 files changed, 199 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index d33bc90f8..6fd4cfd34 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -10,16 +10,21 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    
+    /************************************
+     * xchunk_store_manager declaration *
+     ************************************/
+
     template <class EC>
     class xchunk_store_manager;
 
     template <class EC>
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
     {
-        using const_reference = const EC&;
+        using storage_type = EC;
         using reference = EC&;
+        using const_reference = const EC&;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
-        using storage_type = EC;
         using temporary_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC>;
     };
 
@@ -27,8 +32,8 @@ namespace xt
     struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
     {
         using inner_shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, true>;
         using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, false>;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, true>;
     };
 
     template <class EC>
@@ -37,184 +42,143 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        using const_reference = const EC&;
-        using reference = EC&;
         using self_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC>;
-        using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
-        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
-        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
-        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
         using value_type = storage_type;
+        using reference = EC&;
+        using const_reference = const EC&;
         using pointer = value_type*;
         using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
-        using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
+        using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
+        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
+        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
+        using shape_type = typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type;
 
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
+        xchunk_store_manager();
+        ~xchunk_store_manager() = default;
+
+        xchunk_store_manager(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
+        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
+
+        xchunk_store_manager(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
+        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
+
+        const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        reference operator()(Idxs... idxs);
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const;
+
+        template <class It>
+        reference element(It first, It last);
+
+        template <class It>
+        const_reference element(It first, It last) const;
 
         template <class O>
         stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
         template <class O>
         stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
+        
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
 
-        const shape_type& shape() const
-        {
-            return m_shape;
-        }
-
-        xchunk_store_manager()
-        {
-            // default pool size is 1
-            // so that first chunk is always resized to the chunk shape
-            m_chunk_pool.resize(1);
-            m_index_pool.resize(1);
-            m_unload_index = 0;
-        }
-
-        void set_pool_size(std::size_t n)
-        {
-            // first chunk always has the correct shape
-            // get the shape before resizing the pool
-            auto chunk_shape = m_chunk_pool[0].array().shape();
-            m_chunk_pool.resize(n);
-            m_index_pool.resize(n);
-            m_unload_index = 0;
-            // resize the pool chunks
-            for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
-            {
-                chunk.resize(chunk_shape);
-            }
-        }
+        template <class S>
+        void resize(S&& shape);
 
-        void flush()
-        {
-            for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
-            {
-                chunk.flush();
-            }
-        }
+        void set_pool_size(std::size_t n);
+        void flush();
 
         template <class I>
-        EC& map_file_array(I first, I last)
-        {
-            std::string path;
-            std::vector<std::size_t> index;
-            for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
-            {
-                if (!path.empty())
-                {
-                    path.append(".");
-                }
-                path.append(std::to_string(*it));
-                index.push_back(*it);
-            }
-            if (index.empty())
-            {
-                return m_chunk_pool[0];
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // check if the chunk is already loaded in memory
-                const auto it1 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), index);
-                std::size_t i;
-                if (it1 != m_index_pool.cend())
-                {
-                    i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it1);
-                    return m_chunk_pool[i];
-                }
-                // if not, find a free chunk in the pool
-                std::vector<std::size_t> empty_index;
-                const auto it2 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), empty_index);
-                if (it2 != m_index_pool.cend())
-                {
-                    i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it2);
-                    m_chunk_pool[i].set_path(path);
-                    m_index_pool[i] = index;
-                    return m_chunk_pool[i];
-                }
-                // no free chunk, take one (which will thus be unloaded)
-                // fairness is guaranteed through the use of a walking index
-                m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index].set_path(path);
-                m_index_pool[m_unload_index] = index;
-                auto& chunk = m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index];
-                m_unload_index = (m_unload_index + 1) % m_index_pool.size();
-                return chunk;
-            }
-        }
+        reference map_file_array(I first, I last);
 
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
-        {
-            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-        }
+    private:
 
         template <class... Idxs>
-        inline reference operator()(Idxs... idxs)
-        {
-            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-        }
+        std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const;
 
-        xchunk_store_manager(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
-        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
+        using chunk_pool_type = std::vector<EC>;
+        using index_pool_type = std::vector<shape_type>;
 
-        xchunk_store_manager(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
-        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
-
-        reference operator[](const xindex& index)
-        {
-            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-        }
+        shape_type m_shape;
+        chunk_pool_type m_chunk_pool;
+        index_pool_type m_index_pool;
+        std::size_t m_unload_index;
+    };
 
-        const_reference operator[](const xindex& index) const
-        {
-            return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-        }
+    /***************************************
+     * xchunk_store_manager implementation *
+     ***************************************/
 
-        template <class It>
-        inline reference element(It first, It last)
-        {
-            return map_file_array(first, last);
-        }
+    template <class EC>
+    inline xchunk_store_manager<EC>::xchunk_store_manager()
+        : m_shape()
+        // default pool size is 1
+        // so that first chunk is always resized to the chunk shape
+        , m_chunk_pool(1u)
+        , m_index_pool(1u)
+        , m_unload_index(0u)
+    {
+    }
 
-        template <class It>
-        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
-        {
-            return map_file_array(first, last);
-        }
+    template <class EC>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_shape;
+    }
 
-        size_type dimension() const
-        {
-            return shape().size();
-        }
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
+    {
+        auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
+        return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+    }
 
-        template <class S>
-        void resize(S& shape)
-        {
-            // don't resize according to total number of chunks
-            // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
-        }
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
+        return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+    }
 
-    private:
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
+    {
+        return map_file_array(first, last);
+    }
 
-        shape_type m_shape;
-        std::vector<EC> m_chunk_pool;
-        std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> m_index_pool;
-        std::size_t m_unload_index;
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return map_file_array(first, last);
+    }
+    
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset);
+    }
 
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        inline std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
-        {
-            std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
-            return indexes;
-        }
-    };
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class O>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
 
     template <class EC>
     template <class O>
@@ -233,19 +197,94 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class EC>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    template <class S>
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::resize(S&&)
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset);
+        // don't resize according to total number of chunks
+        // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
+    }
+    
+    template <class EC>
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::set_pool_size(std::size_t n)
+    {
+        // first chunk always has the correct shape
+        // get the shape before resizing the pool
+        auto chunk_shape = m_chunk_pool[0].array().shape();
+        m_chunk_pool.resize(n);
+        m_index_pool.resize(n);
+        m_unload_index = 0;
+        // resize the pool chunks
+        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
+        {
+            chunk.resize(chunk_shape);
+        }
     }
 
     template <class EC>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::flush()
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
+        {
+            chunk.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class I>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::map_file_array(I first, I last) -> reference
+    {
+        std::string path;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> index;
+        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            if (!path.empty())
+            {
+                path.append(".");
+            }
+            path.append(std::to_string(*it));
+            index.push_back(*it);
+        }
+        if (index.empty())
+        {
+            return m_chunk_pool[0];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // check if the chunk is already loaded in memory
+            const auto it1 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), index);
+            std::size_t i;
+            if (it1 != m_index_pool.cend())
+            {
+                i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it1);
+                return m_chunk_pool[i];
+            }
+            // if not, find a free chunk in the pool
+            std::vector<std::size_t> empty_index;
+            const auto it2 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), empty_index);
+            if (it2 != m_index_pool.cend())
+            {
+                i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it2);
+                m_chunk_pool[i].set_path(path);
+                m_index_pool[i] = index;
+                return m_chunk_pool[i];
+            }
+            // no free chunk, take one (which will thus be unloaded)
+            // fairness is guaranteed through the use of a walking index
+            m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index].set_path(path);
+            m_index_pool[m_unload_index] = index;
+            auto& chunk = m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index];
+            m_unload_index = (m_unload_index + 1) % m_index_pool.size();
+            return chunk;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>
+    xchunk_store_manager<EC>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
+    {
+        std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
+        return indexes;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 971a1c50e..ca126efdf 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class S>
         xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
+        ~xchunked_array() = default;
 
         xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
         xchunked_array& operator=(const xchunked_array&) = default;
@@ -379,8 +380,6 @@ namespace xt
         return m_chunk_shape;
     }
 
-
-    
     template <class CS>
     template <class S1, class S2>
     inline void xchunked_array<CS>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)

From c21a28e60c0476ca57ffe7dbd018cd27b2d57bb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 2020 00:10:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 069/606] Removed refernces to  outdated is_trivial_broadcast
 method in the documentation

---
 docs/source/developer/concepts.rst               | 3 ---
 docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst | 3 ---
 docs/source/external-structures.rst              | 6 ------
 3 files changed, 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
index 298be2ec2..371470351 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
@@ -263,9 +263,6 @@ methods:
     template <class S>
     bool broadcast_shape(const S& shape) const;
 
-    template <class S>
-    bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& strides) const;
-
 Lower-level methods are also provided, meant for optimized assignment and BLAS bindings.
 They are covered in the :ref:`xtensor-assign-label` section.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
index 8139a4c9b..803d13390 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
@@ -77,9 +77,6 @@ totally:
     template <class S>
     bool broadcast_shape(const S& shape) const;
 
-    template <class S>
-    bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& strides) const;
-
 **data access methods**
 
 .. code::
diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index 4df8f34bd..f84294fa5 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -440,12 +440,6 @@ This part is relatively straightforward:
         return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
     }
 
-    template <class S>
-    bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& str) const noexcept
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-
 Implement resize overloads
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

From a3e4cf0334fe3d379041acf7cfe031ea6c8f6159 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nb <nathaniel.j.black@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2020 18:18:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 070/606] fixed sturct typo in bindings.rst doc

---
 docs/source/bindings.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/bindings.rst b/docs/source/bindings.rst
index d215e360c..52180d89d 100644
--- a/docs/source/bindings.rst
+++ b/docs/source/bindings.rst
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ for C:
 
     // Equivalent to is_tensor<T>::value || is_array<T>::value
     template <class T>
-    sturct is_container : xtl::disjunction<is_tensor<T>, is_array<T>>
+    struct is_container : xtl::disjunction<is_tensor<T>, is_array<T>>
     {
     };
 

From 80fa87ea10b2ca1ee73c1eac9753577090b471e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2020 01:59:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 071/606] Refactored xfile_array.hpp

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 646 +++++++++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 415 insertions(+), 235 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 6fd4cfd34..e4853828e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // first chunk always has the correct shape
         // get the shape before resizing the pool
-        auto chunk_shape = m_chunk_pool[0].array().shape();
+        auto chunk_shape = m_chunk_pool[0].storage().shape();
         m_chunk_pool.resize(n);
         m_index_pool.resize(n);
         m_unload_index = 0;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index ca126efdf..7deb6a342 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto size = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
         std::vector<size_t> indexes_of_chunk(size);
         std::vector<size_t> indexes_in_chunk(size);
-        for (auto dim = 0; dim < size; ++dim)
+        for (size_t dim = 0; dim < size; ++dim)
         {
             auto chunk_index = get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dim, *first++);
             indexes_of_chunk[dim] = chunk_index.first;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index 83c2c3fbe..8f59b2703 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -10,338 +10,518 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    namespace detail
+
+    template <class T>
+    class xfile_reference
     {
-        // Workaround for VS2015
-        template <class E>
-        using try_path = decltype(std::declval<E>().path());
+    public:
 
-        template <class E, template <class> class OP, class = void>
-        struct file_helper_impl
-        {
-            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
-            {
-                return "";
-            }
-            using is_stored = std::false_type;
-        };
+        using self_type = xfile_reference<T>;
+        using const_reference = const T&;
 
-        template <class E, template <class> class OP>
-        struct file_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
-        {
-            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
-            {
-                return e.derived_cast().path();
-            }
-            using is_stored = std::true_type;
-        };
+        xfile_reference(T& value, bool& dirty);
+        ~xfile_reference() = default;
 
-        template <class E>
-        using file_helper = file_helper_impl<E, try_path>;
-    }
+        xfile_reference(const xfile_reference&) = default;
+        xfile_reference(xfile_reference&&) = default;
 
-    template<class E>
-    constexpr bool is_stored(const xexpression<E>& e)
-    {
-        using return_type = typename detail::file_helper<E>::is_stored;
-        return return_type::value;
-    }
+        self_type& operator=(const self_type&);
+        self_type& operator=(self_type&&);
 
-    template <class EC>
-    class xfile_reference
-    {
-    public:
+        template <class V>
+        self_type& operator=(const V&);
 
-        xfile_reference(EC& value, bool& array_dirty)
-        {
-            m_pvalue = &value;
-            m_parray_dirty = &array_dirty;
-        }
+        template <class V>
+        self_type& operator+=(const V&);
 
-        operator const EC() const
-        {
-            return *m_pvalue;
-        }
+        template <class V>
+        self_type& operator-=(const V&);
 
-        operator EC()
-        {
-            return *m_pvalue;
-        }
+        template <class V>
+        self_type& operator*=(const V&);
 
-        EC operator=(const EC value)
-        {
-            if (value != *m_pvalue)
-            {
-                *m_parray_dirty = true;
-                *m_pvalue = value;
-            }
-            return *m_pvalue;
-        }
+        template <class V>
+        self_type& operator/=(const V&);
 
-    private:
+        operator const_reference() const;
 
-        EC* m_pvalue;
-        bool* m_parray_dirty;
+    private:
 
+        T& m_value;
+        bool& m_dirty;
     };
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
-    class xfile_array;
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    class xfile_array_container;
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>
     {
-        using const_reference = const EC&;
-        using reference = xfile_reference<EC>;
-        using size_type = std::size_t;
-        using storage_type = EC;
-        using temporary_type = xfile_array<EC, io_handler>;
+        using storage_type = E;
+        using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
+        using reference = xfile_reference<value_type>;
+        using const_reference = typename storage_type::const_reference;
+        using size_type = typename storage_type::size_type;
+        using temporary_type = xfile_array_container<E, IOH>;
     };
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>
     {
-        using inner_shape_type = typename xarray<EC>::shape_type;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>, true>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>, false>;
+        using inner_shape_type = typename E::shape_type;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>, false>;
     };
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
-    class xfile_array: public xaccessible<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>,
-                       public xiterable<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>,
-                       public xcontainer_semantic<xfile_array<EC, io_handler>>
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    class xfile_array_container : public xaccessible<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>,
+                                  public xiterable<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>,
+                                  public xcontainer_semantic<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>
     {
     public:
 
-        using const_reference = const EC&;
-        using reference = xfile_reference<EC>;
-        using self_type = xfile_array<EC, io_handler>;
+        using self_type = xfile_array_container<E, IOH>;
         using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
         using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
-        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
-        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
-        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
-        using value_type = storage_type;
-        using pointer = value_type*;
-        using const_pointer = const value_type*;
-        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
-        using shape_type = typename xarray<EC>::shape_type;
+        using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
+        using reference = typename inner_types::reference;
+        using const_reference = typename inner_types::const_reference;
+        using pointer = typename storage_type::pointer;
+        using const_pointer = typename storage_type::const_pointer;
+        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
+        using difference_type = typename storage_type::difference_type;
+        using shape_type = typename storage_type::shape_type;
+        using strides_type = typename storage_type::strides_type;
+        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
+        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
         using temporary_type = typename inner_types::temporary_type;
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
 
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
+        xfile_array_container() = default;
+        ~xfile_array_container();
+
+        xfile_array_container(const self_type&) = default;
+        self_type& operator=(const self_type&) = default;
+
+        xfile_array_container(self_type&&) = default;
+        self_type& operator=(self_type&&) = default;
+
+        template <class OE>
+        xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e);
+
+        template <class OE>
+        xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e, const std::string& path);
+
+        template <class OE>
+        self_type& operator=(const xexpression<OE>& e);
+
+        size_type size() const noexcept;
+        const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
+        layout_type layout() const noexcept;
+        bool is_contiguous() const noexcept;
+
+        template <class S = shape_type>
+        void resize(S&& shape, bool force = false);
+        template <class S = shape_type>
+        void resize(S&& shape, layout_type l);
+        template <class S = shape_type>
+        void resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides);
+
+        template <class S = shape_type>
+        self_type& reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
+
+        template <class T>
+        self_type& reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        reference operator()(Idxs... idxs);
+
+        template <class... Idxs>
+        const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const;
+
+        template <class It>
+        reference element(It first, It last);
+
+        template <class It>
+        const_reference element(It first, It last) const;
+
+        storage_type& storage() noexcept;
+        const storage_type& storage() const noexcept;
+
+        template <class S>
+        bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const;
+
+        template <class S>
+        bool has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept;
 
         template <class O>
         stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
         template <class O>
         stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
 
-        const auto& shape() const
-        {
-            return m_array.shape();
-        }
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
+        template <class O>
+        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
 
-        inline layout_type layout() const noexcept
-        {
-            return static_layout;
-        }
+        const std::string& path() const noexcept;
+        void set_path(std::string& path);
 
-        inline bool is_contiguous() const noexcept
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
+        void flush();
 
-        xfile_array() {}
+    private:
 
-        ~xfile_array()
-        {
-            flush();
-        }
+        E m_storage;
+        bool m_dirty;
+        IOH m_io_handler;
+        std::string m_path;
+    };
 
-        void flush()
-        {
-            if (m_array_dirty)
-            {
-                m_io_handler.write(m_array, m_path);
-                m_array_dirty = false;
-            }
-        }
+    template <class T,
+              class IOH,
+              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+              class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
+              class SA = std::allocator<typename std::vector<T, A>::size_type>>
+    using xfile_array = xfile_array_container<xarray<T, L, A, SA>, IOH>;
 
-        xarray<EC>& array()
-        {
-            return m_array;
-        }
+    /**********************************
+     * xfile_reference implementation *
+     **********************************/
 
-        void set_path(const char* path)
+    template <class T>
+    inline xfile_reference<T>::xfile_reference(T& value, bool& dirty)
+        : m_value(value), m_dirty(dirty)
+    {
+    }
+    
+    template <class T>
+    template <class V>
+    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    {
+        if (v != m_value)
         {
-            std::string p(path);
-            set_path(p);
+            m_value = v;
+            m_dirty = true;
         }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        void set_path(std::string& path)
+    template <class T>
+    template <class V>
+    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator+=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    {
+        if (v != T(0))
         {
-            if (path != m_path)
-            {
-                // maybe write to old file
-                if (m_array_dirty)
-                {
-                    m_io_handler.write(m_array, m_path);
-                    m_array_dirty = false;
-                }
-                m_path = path;
-                // read new file
-                m_io_handler.read(m_array, path);
-            }
+            m_value += v;
+            m_dirty = true;
         }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        template <class S>
-        void resize(S& shape)
+    template <class T>
+    template <class V>
+    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator-=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    {
+        if (v != T(0))
         {
-            m_array.resize(shape);
-            m_array = broadcast(0, shape);
+            m_value -= v;
+            m_dirty = true;
         }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        inline reference operator()(Idxs... idxs)
+    template <class T>
+    template <class V>
+    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator*=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    {
+        if (v != T(1))
         {
-            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            return reference(m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend()), m_array_dirty);
+            m_value *= v;
+            m_dirty = true;
         }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        inline const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const
+    template <class T>
+    template <class V>
+    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator/=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    {
+        if (v != T(1))
         {
-            auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-            return m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
+            m_value /= v;
+            m_dirty = true;
         }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        xfile_array(const xfile_array&) = default;
-        xfile_array& operator=(const xfile_array&) = default;
+    template <class T>
+    inline xfile_reference<T>::operator const_reference() const
+    {
+        return m_value;
+    }
 
-        xfile_array(xfile_array&&) = default;
-        xfile_array& operator=(xfile_array&&) = default;
+    /****************************************
+     * xfile_array_container implementation *
+     ****************************************/
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        // Workaround for VS2015
         template <class E>
-        xfile_array(const xexpression<E>& e, const char* path)
+        using try_path = decltype(std::declval<E>().path());
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP, class = void>
+        struct file_helper_impl
         {
-            set_path(path);
-            m_array_dirty = true;
-            const auto& shape = e.derived_cast().shape();
-            m_array.resize(shape);
-            xstrided_slice_vector sv;
-            for (auto i = 0; i < dimension(); i++)
-                sv.push_back(all());
-            noalias(m_array) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
-        }
+            using is_stored = std::false_type;
 
-        template <class E>
-        xfile_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            {
+                return "";
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class E, template <class> class OP>
+        struct file_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
         {
-            const char* path = detail::file_helper<E>::path(e);
-            *this = xfile_array<EC, io_handler>(e, path);
-        }
+            using is_stored = std::true_type;
+
+            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            {
+                return e.derived_cast().path();
+            }
+        };
 
         template <class E>
-        self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
-        {
-            return semantic_base::operator=(e);
-        }
+        using file_helper = file_helper_impl<E, try_path>;
+    }
 
-        reference operator[](const xindex& index)
-        {
-            return reference(m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend()), m_array_dirty);
-        }
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr bool is_stored(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    {
+        using return_type = typename detail::file_helper<E>::is_stored;
+        return return_type::value;
+    }
 
-        const_reference operator[](const xindex& index) const
-        {
-            return m_array.element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-        }
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::~xfile_array_container()
+    {
+        flush();
+    }
 
-        template <class It>
-        inline reference element(It first, It last)
-        {
-            return reference(m_array.element(first, last), m_array_dirty);
-        }
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class OE>
+    inline xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e)
+        : m_storage(e)
+        , m_dirty(true)
+        , m_io_handler()
+        , m_path(detail::file_helper<E>::path(e))
+    {
+    }
 
-        template <class It>
-        inline const_reference element(It first, It last) const
-        {
-            return m_array.element(first, last);
-        }
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class OE>
+    inline xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e, const std::string& path)
+        : m_storage(e)
+        , m_dirty(true)
+        , m_io_handler()
+        , m_path(path)
+    {
+    }
+        
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class OE>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator=(const xexpression<OE>& e) -> self_type&
+    {
+        return semantic_base::operator=(e);
+    }
 
-        size_type dimension() const
-        {
-            return shape().size();
-        }
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::size() const noexcept -> size_type
+    {
+        return m_storage.size();
+    }
+    
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_storage.shape();
+    }
+    
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type
+    {
+        return m_storage.layout();
+    }
 
-        const char* path() const
-        {
-            return m_path.c_str();
-        }
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_storage.is_contiguous();
+    }
 
-        template <class S>
-        bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const
-        {
-            return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
-        }
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class S>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, bool force)
+    {
+        m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), force);
+        m_dirty = true;
+    }
 
-    private:
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class S>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, layout_type l)
+    {
+        m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), l);
+        m_dirty = true;
+    }
 
-        xarray<EC> m_array;
-        bool m_array_dirty;
-        io_handler m_io_handler;
-        std::string m_path;
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class S>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides)
+    {
+        m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), strides);
+        m_dirty = true;
+    }
+    
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class S>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) & -> self_type&
+    {
+        m_storage.reshape(std::forward<S>(shape), layout);
+        m_dirty = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        inline std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
-        {
-            std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
-            return indexes;
-        }
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class T>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout) & -> self_type&
+    {
+        m_storage.reshape(shape, layout);
+        m_dirty = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        template <class S>
-        bool is_trivial_broadcast(const S& str) const noexcept
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-    };
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference 
+    {
+        return reference(m_storage(idxs...), m_dirty);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class... Idxs>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return m_storage(idxs...);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
+    {
+        return reference(m_storage.element(first, last), m_dirty);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return m_storage.element(first, last);
+    }
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::storage() noexcept -> storage_type&
+    {
+        return m_storage;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::storage() const noexcept -> const storage_type& 
+    {
+        return m_storage;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class S>
+    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache) const
+    {
+        return m_storage.broadcast_shape(s, reuse_cache);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class S>
+    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_storage.has_linear_assign(strides);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset);
+        return stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class E, class IOH>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
+        return stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class E, class IOH>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset);
+        return const_stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class EC, class io_handler>
+    template <class E, class IOH>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array<EC, io_handler>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline const std::string& xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::path() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_path;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::set_path(std::string& path)
+    {
+        if (path != m_path)
+        {
+            // maybe write to old file
+            if (m_dirty)
+            {
+                m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
+                m_dirty = false;
+            }
+            m_path = path;
+            // read new file
+            m_io_handler.read(m_storage, path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::flush()
+    {
+        if (m_dirty)
+        {
+            m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
+            m_dirty = false;
+        }
     }
 }
 

From 6cc2c1bac8bec1a37d47ab499093d2d4ff93ee48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2020 10:26:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 072/606] Added simd accessors to xfile_array_container

---
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index 8f59b2703..2b06ffb17 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -167,6 +167,19 @@ namespace xt
         template <class O>
         const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
 
+        reference data_element(size_type i);
+        const_reference data_element(size_type i) const;
+
+        template <class requested_type>
+        using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;
+
+        template <class align, class simd>
+        void store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
+        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
+                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
+        container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
+        load_simd(size_type i) const;
+
         const std::string& path() const noexcept;
         void set_path(std::string& path);
 
@@ -491,6 +504,39 @@ namespace xt
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::data_element(size_type i) -> reference 
+    {
+        return reference(m_storage.data_element(i), m_dirty);
+    }
+    
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::data_element(size_type i) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return m_storage.element(i);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class align, class simd>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
+    {
+        m_storage.store_simd(i, e);
+        m_dirty = true;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::load_simd(size_type i) const
+        -> container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
+    {
+        return m_storage.load_simd(i);
+    }
+
+
+
+
+
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline const std::string& xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::path() const noexcept
     {

From 95a405a4d43768581d75b4e77a48b29354b9bd9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2020 10:35:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 073/606] Abstract file format through a format class

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++----
 include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp                 | 28 ++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp     | 41 ++++++++++++++++--------
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 25 +++++++++------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             |  9 +++---
 5 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index e4853828e..2b185eae5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    
+
     /************************************
      * xchunk_store_manager declaration *
      ************************************/
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace xt
         stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
         template <class O>
         stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
-        
+
         template <class O>
         const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
         template <class O>
@@ -94,8 +94,12 @@ namespace xt
         void resize(S&& shape);
 
         void set_pool_size(std::size_t n);
+        void set_directory(const char* directory);
         void flush();
 
+        template <class C>
+        void configure_format(C& config);
+
         template <class I>
         reference map_file_array(I first, I last);
 
@@ -111,6 +115,7 @@ namespace xt
         chunk_pool_type m_chunk_pool;
         index_pool_type m_index_pool;
         std::size_t m_unload_index;
+        std::string m_directory;
     };
 
     /***************************************
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return map_file_array(first, last);
     }
-    
+
     template <class EC>
     template <class O>
     inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
@@ -203,7 +208,7 @@ namespace xt
         // don't resize according to total number of chunks
         // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
     }
-    
+
     template <class EC>
     inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::set_pool_size(std::size_t n)
     {
@@ -229,21 +234,43 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    template <class EC>
+    template <class C>
+    void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::configure_format(C& config)
+    {
+        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
+        {
+            chunk.configure_format(config);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class EC>
+    void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::set_directory(const char* directory)
+    {
+        m_directory = directory;
+        if (m_directory.back() != '/')
+        {
+            m_directory.append("/");
+        }
+    }
+
     template <class EC>
     template <class I>
     inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::map_file_array(I first, I last) -> reference
     {
         std::string path;
+        std::string fname;
         std::vector<std::size_t> index;
         for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
         {
-            if (!path.empty())
+            if (!fname.empty())
             {
-                path.append(".");
+                fname.append(".");
             }
-            path.append(std::to_string(*it));
+            fname.append(std::to_string(*it));
             index.push_back(*it);
         }
+        path = m_directory + fname;
         if (index.empty())
         {
             return m_chunk_pool[0];
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
index 4e49d0228..96de5a1f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
@@ -198,6 +198,34 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
     }
+
+    struct xcsv_config
+    {
+        char delimiter;
+        std::size_t skip_rows;
+        std::ptrdiff_t max_rows;
+        std::string comments;
+
+        xcsv_config()
+            : delimiter(',')
+            , skip_rows(0)
+            , max_rows(-1)
+            , comments("#")
+        {
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    auto load_file(std::istream& stream, const xcsv_config& config)
+    {
+        return load_csv<typename E::value_type>(stream, config.delimiter, config.skip_rows, config.max_rows, config.comments);
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    void dump_file(std::ostream& stream, const xexpression<E> &e, const xcsv_config&)
+    {
+        dump_csv(stream, e);
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
index aff422ad4..9991166d0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
@@ -2,40 +2,53 @@
 #define XTENSOR_DISK_IO_HANDLER_HPP
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xcsv.hpp"
+#include "xexpression.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class C>
     class xdisk_io_handler
     {
     public:
-
-        void write(xarray<EC>& array, std::string& path)
+        template <class E>
+        void write(xexpression<E>& expression, std::string& path)
         {
-            std::ofstream m_out_file;
-            m_out_file.open(path);
+            std::ofstream m_out_file(path, std::ofstream::binary);
             if (m_out_file.is_open())
             {
-                dump_csv(m_out_file, array);
-                m_out_file.close();
+                dump_file(m_out_file, expression, m_format_config);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                std::runtime_error("write: failed to open file " + path);
             }
         }
 
-        void read(xarray<EC>& array, std::string& path)
+        template <class ET>
+        void read(ET& array, std::string& path)
         {
-            std::ifstream m_in_file;
-            m_in_file.open(path);
+            // not all formats store the shape (e.g. Blosc)
+            // so we reshape after loading
+            std::ifstream m_in_file(path, std::ifstream::binary);
+            const auto shape = array.shape();
             if (m_in_file.is_open())
             {
-                array = load_csv<EC>(m_in_file);
-                m_in_file.close();
+                array = load_file<ET>(m_in_file, m_format_config);
+                array.reshape(shape);
             }
             else
             {
-                array = broadcast(0, array.shape());
+                array = zeros<typename ET::value_type>(shape);
             }
         }
+
+        void configure_format(C& format_config)
+        {
+            m_format_config = format_config;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        C m_format_config;
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index 2b06ffb17..979e59b05 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -183,6 +183,9 @@ namespace xt
         const std::string& path() const noexcept;
         void set_path(std::string& path);
 
+        template <class C>
+        void configure_format(C& config);
+
         void flush();
 
     private:
@@ -209,7 +212,7 @@ namespace xt
         : m_value(value), m_dirty(dirty)
     {
     }
-    
+
     template <class T>
     template <class V>
     inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator=(const V& v) -> self_type&
@@ -344,7 +347,7 @@ namespace xt
         , m_path(path)
     {
     }
-        
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     template <class OE>
     inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator=(const xexpression<OE>& e) -> self_type&
@@ -357,13 +360,13 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_storage.size();
     }
-    
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
     {
         return m_storage.shape();
     }
-    
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type
     {
@@ -399,7 +402,7 @@ namespace xt
         m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), strides);
         m_dirty = true;
     }
-    
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     template <class S>
     inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) & -> self_type&
@@ -532,17 +535,19 @@ namespace xt
         return m_storage.load_simd(i);
     }
 
-
-
-
-
-
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline const std::string& xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::path() const noexcept
     {
         return m_path;
     }
 
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    template <class C>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::configure_format(C& config)
+    {
+        m_io_handler.configure_format(config);
+    }
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::set_path(std::string& path)
     {
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 492962c88..164258d50 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfile_array.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 4};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2};
-        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
+        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
         a1.chunks().set_pool_size(2);
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {1, 2};
         double v1 = 3.4;
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xfile_array, indexed_access)
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 2, 2};
-        xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>> a;
+        xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>> a;
         a.resize(shape);
         double val = 3.;
         for (auto it: a)
@@ -166,14 +167,14 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xfile_array, assign_expression)
     {
         double v1 = 3.;
-        auto a1 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>>(broadcast(v1, {2, 2}), "a1");
+        auto a1 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>(broadcast(v1, {2, 2}), "a1");
         for (const auto& v: a1)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, v1);
         }
 
         double v2 = 2. * v1;
-        auto a2 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<double>>(a1 + a1, "a2");
+        auto a2 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>(a1 + a1, "a2");
         for (const auto& v: a2)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, v2);

From 881e71b7163ab152a3b415a7162ddba83a16cedd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2020 19:09:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 074/606] Add xchunked_array extension template

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 133 +++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 68 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 7deb6a342..624ec8f83 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -15,33 +15,36 @@ namespace xt
      * xchunked_array declaration *
      ******************************/
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
+    class empty_extension {};
+
+    template <class chunk_storage, class extension = empty_extension>
     class xchunked_array;
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
+    template <class chunk_storage, class extension>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>
     {
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
         using storage_type = chunk_type;
-        using temporary_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>;
+        using temporary_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>;
     };
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
+    template <class chunk_storage, class extension>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>
     {
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using inner_shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>, true>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>, false>;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>, false>;
     };
 
-    template <class chunk_storage>
-    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
-                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
-                          public xcontainer_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
+    template <class chunk_storage, class extension>
+    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
+                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
+                          public xcontainer_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
+                          public extension
     {
     public:
 
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ namespace xt
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
-        using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>;
+        using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>;
         using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
         using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
@@ -202,23 +205,23 @@ namespace xt
      * xchunked_array implementation *
      *********************************/
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
     {
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
         : xchunked_array(e, detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e))
     {
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class E, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape)
     {
         resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
         xstrided_slice_vector sv(m_chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
@@ -262,127 +265,127 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
     {
         return m_shape;
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type 
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type 
     {
         return static_layout;
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
-    inline bool xchunked_array<CS>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         return false;
     }
-    
-    template <class CS>
+
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline bool xchunked_array<CS>::broadcast_shape(S& s, bool) const
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::broadcast_shape(S& s, bool) const
     {
         return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
-    
-    template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunks() -> chunk_storage_type&
+
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::chunks() -> chunk_storage_type&
     {
         return m_chunks;
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunks() const -> const chunk_storage_type&
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::chunks() const -> const chunk_storage_type&
     {
         return m_chunks;
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
     {
         return m_chunk_shape;
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S1, class S2>
-    inline void xchunked_array<CS>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)
+    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
         std::vector<size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
@@ -412,35 +415,35 @@ namespace xt
         m_chunk_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S2>(chunk_shape);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const -> indexes_type<Idxs...>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const -> indexes_type<Idxs...>
     {
         auto chunk_indexes_packed = get_chunk_indexes(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Idxs)>(), idxs...);
         return unpack(chunk_indexes_packed);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class Idx>
-    inline std::pair<size_t, size_t> xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const
+    inline std::pair<size_t, size_t> xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const
     {
         size_t index_of_chunk = idx / m_chunk_shape[dim];
         size_t index_in_chunk = idx - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
         return std::make_pair(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
         -> chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...>
     {
         chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...> chunk_indexes = {{get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dims, idxs)...}};
         return chunk_indexes;
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
     {
         std::array<size_t, N> arr0;
         std::array<size_t, N> arr1;
@@ -452,9 +455,9 @@ namespace xt
         return std::make_pair(arr0, arr1);
     }
 
-    template <class CS>
+    template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const -> dynamic_indexes_type
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const -> dynamic_indexes_type
     {
         auto size = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
         std::vector<size_t> indexes_of_chunk(size);

From 7f1bd68945a7cce64859ff02119e3761a126aa3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2020 17:37:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 075/606] Refactored xdisk_io_handler

---
 include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp             |  4 +-
 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp | 71 ++++++++++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
index 96de5a1f3..ceb8d6b3f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
@@ -216,9 +216,9 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    auto load_file(std::istream& stream, const xcsv_config& config)
+    void load_file(std::istream& stream, xexpression<E>& e, const xcsv_config& config)
     {
-        return load_csv<typename E::value_type>(stream, config.delimiter, config.skip_rows, config.max_rows, config.comments);
+        e.derived_cast() = load_csv<typename E::value_type>(stream, config.delimiter, config.skip_rows, config.max_rows, config.comments);
     }
 
     template <class E>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
index 9991166d0..2d4562529 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
@@ -10,46 +10,65 @@ namespace xt
     class xdisk_io_handler
     {
     public:
+
         template <class E>
-        void write(xexpression<E>& expression, std::string& path)
+        void write(const xexpression<E>& expression, const std::string& path) const;
+
+        template <class ET>
+        void read(ET& array, const std::string& path, bool throw_on_fail = false) const;
+
+        void configure_format(const C& format_config);
+
+    private:
+
+        C m_format_config;
+    };
+
+    template <class C>
+    template <class E>
+    inline void xdisk_io_handler<C>::write(const xexpression<E>& expression, const std::string& path) const
+    {
+        std::ofstream out_file(path, std::ofstream::binary);
+        if (out_file.is_open())
         {
-            std::ofstream m_out_file(path, std::ofstream::binary);
-            if (m_out_file.is_open())
-            {
-                dump_file(m_out_file, expression, m_format_config);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                std::runtime_error("write: failed to open file " + path);
-            }
+            dump_file(out_file, expression, m_format_config);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            std::runtime_error("write: failed to open file " + path);
         }
+    }
 
-        template <class ET>
-        void read(ET& array, std::string& path)
+    template <class C>
+    template <class ET>
+    inline void xdisk_io_handler<C>::read(ET& array, const std::string& path, bool throw_on_fail) const
+    {
+        std::ifstream in_file(path, std::ifstream::binary);
+        if (in_file.is_open())
+        {
+            load_file<ET>(in_file, array, m_format_config);
+        }
+        else
         {
-            // not all formats store the shape (e.g. Blosc)
-            // so we reshape after loading
-            std::ifstream m_in_file(path, std::ifstream::binary);
-            const auto shape = array.shape();
-            if (m_in_file.is_open())
+            if (throw_on_fail)
             {
-                array = load_file<ET>(m_in_file, m_format_config);
-                array.reshape(shape);
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "read: failed to open file " + path);
             }
             else
             {
+                auto shape = array.shape();
                 array = zeros<typename ET::value_type>(shape);
             }
         }
+    }
+
+    template <class C>
+    inline void xdisk_io_handler<C>::configure_format(const C& format_config)
+    {
+        m_format_config = format_config;
+    }
 
-        void configure_format(C& format_config)
-        {
-            m_format_config = format_config;
-        }
 
-    private:
-        C m_format_config;
-    };
 }
 
 #endif

From ad0f0a9b122f03f9787b2063ec1c1faa636798d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2020 15:26:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 076/606] Fix exception for file write operation

---
 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
index 2d4562529..47095f777 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         else
         {
-            std::runtime_error("write: failed to open file " + path);
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "write: failed to open file " + path);
         }
     }
 

From 757788642ef997f138e5975480f2562484f2c9e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2020 16:03:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 077/606] Fix for empty file path

---
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index 979e59b05..2026338fa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ namespace xt
         if (path != m_path)
         {
             // maybe write to old file
-            if (m_dirty)
+            if (m_dirty && !m_path.empty())
             {
                 m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
                 m_dirty = false;
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::flush()
     {
-        if (m_dirty)
+        if (m_dirty && !m_path.empty())
         {
             m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
             m_dirty = false;

From 45eca8026092bd86ba19cf97559437e344439c11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2020 17:01:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 078/606] Add xfile_array.ignore_empty_path(bool)

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp |  2 +
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 2b185eae5..2fba2c001 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ namespace xt
         , m_index_pool(1u)
         , m_unload_index(0u)
     {
+        m_chunk_pool[0].ignore_empty_path(true);
     }
 
     template <class EC>
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ namespace xt
         for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
         {
             chunk.resize(chunk_shape);
+            chunk.ignore_empty_path(true);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index 2026338fa..e38bc7586 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ namespace xt
         load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
         const std::string& path() const noexcept;
+        void ignore_empty_path(bool ignore);
         void set_path(std::string& path);
 
         template <class C>
@@ -190,10 +191,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
+        bool enable_io(std::string& path);
+
         E m_storage;
         bool m_dirty;
         IOH m_io_handler;
         std::string m_path;
+        bool m_ignore_empty_path;
     };
 
     template <class T,
@@ -335,6 +339,7 @@ namespace xt
         , m_dirty(true)
         , m_io_handler()
         , m_path(detail::file_helper<E>::path(e))
+        , m_ignore_empty_path(false)
     {
     }
 
@@ -345,6 +350,7 @@ namespace xt
         , m_dirty(true)
         , m_io_handler()
         , m_path(path)
+        , m_ignore_empty_path(false)
     {
     }
 
@@ -512,7 +518,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return reference(m_storage.data_element(i), m_dirty);
     }
-    
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::data_element(size_type i) const -> const_reference
     {
@@ -548,29 +554,59 @@ namespace xt
         m_io_handler.configure_format(config);
     }
 
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::ignore_empty_path(bool ignore)
+    {
+        m_ignore_empty_path = ignore;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class IOH>
+    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::enable_io(std::string& path)
+    {
+        bool res;
+        if (path.empty())
+        {
+            res = !m_ignore_empty_path;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            res = true;
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::set_path(std::string& path)
     {
         if (path != m_path)
         {
             // maybe write to old file
-            if (m_dirty && !m_path.empty())
+            if (m_dirty)
             {
-                m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
+                if (enable_io(m_path))
+                {
+                    m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
+                }
                 m_dirty = false;
             }
             m_path = path;
             // read new file
-            m_io_handler.read(m_storage, path);
+            if (enable_io(path))
+            {
+                m_io_handler.read(m_storage, path);
+            }
         }
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
     inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::flush()
     {
-        if (m_dirty && !m_path.empty())
+        if (m_dirty)
         {
-            m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
+            if (enable_io(m_path))
+            {
+                m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
+            }
             m_dirty = false;
         }
     }

From 216b03d65b2f7a3fa7b82c2690b5737e95e3e1a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2020 17:13:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 079/606] Fix tests

---
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 164258d50..50fa8c08b 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 2, 2};
         xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>> a;
+        a.ignore_empty_path(true);
         a.resize(shape);
         double val = 3.;
         for (auto it: a)
@@ -168,6 +169,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         double v1 = 3.;
         auto a1 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>(broadcast(v1, {2, 2}), "a1");
+        a1.ignore_empty_path(true);
         for (const auto& v: a1)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, v1);
@@ -175,6 +177,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         double v2 = 2. * v1;
         auto a2 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>(a1 + a1, "a2");
+        a2.ignore_empty_path(true);
         for (const auto& v: a2)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, v2);

From 6cf63fa7761957fc7b3f5cad6589c760840b410a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2020 17:34:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 080/606] Changes according to review

---
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp | 24 ++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index e38bc7586..aa491dc76 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
-        bool enable_io(std::string& path);
+        bool enable_io(const std::string& path) const;
 
         E m_storage;
         bool m_dirty;
@@ -561,18 +561,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::enable_io(std::string& path)
+    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::enable_io(const std::string& path) const
     {
-        bool res;
-        if (path.empty())
-        {
-            res = !m_ignore_empty_path;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            res = true;
-        }
-        return res;
+        return !path.empty() || !m_ignore_empty_path;
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
@@ -581,14 +572,7 @@ namespace xt
         if (path != m_path)
         {
             // maybe write to old file
-            if (m_dirty)
-            {
-                if (enable_io(m_path))
-                {
-                    m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
-                }
-                m_dirty = false;
-            }
+            flush();
             m_path = path;
             // read new file
             if (enable_io(path))

From 499063f357e8ef9488049264c41d52e868a7642d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 2020 23:51:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 081/606] Upgraded to xtl 0.6.16

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                           | 2 +-
 README.md                                | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 1a00afdc8..4d5bf66d1 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.12 ^
+                        xtl==0.6.16 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 25574220a..1801fb65b 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ message(STATUS "Building xtensor v${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}")
 # Dependencies
 # ============
 
-set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.6.9)
+set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.6.16)
 if(TARGET xtl)
     set(xtl_VERSION ${XTL_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XTL_VERSION_MINOR}.${XTL_VERSION_PATCH})
     # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index bfb1889be..ac34b6cf1 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.15 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.6.16 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.4   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.3   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 1393e6ba5..3a0c72674 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.15
+  - xtl=0.6.16
   - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json

From 9dfcfb4fac04535418b8ddebd90fe302dfbde5f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2020 12:04:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 082/606] Implemented zarray

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml |   2 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                           |   1 +
 environment-dev.yml                      |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp               | 342 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/CMakeLists.txt                      |   1 +
 test/test_zarray.cpp                     |  25 ++
 6 files changed, 371 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
 create mode 100644 test/test_zarray.cpp

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 4d5bf66d1..3c05a6e12 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.16 ^
+                        xtl==0.6.17 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 1801fb65b..ea389080e 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray.hpp
 )
 
 add_library(xtensor INTERFACE)
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 3a0c72674..e5a43cb3f 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.16
+  - xtl=0.6.17
   - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2db8318ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ZARRAY_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_ZARRAY_HPP
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <xtl/xmultimethods.hpp>
+
+#include "xarray.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    class zarray_impl;
+    
+    /**********
+     * zarray *
+     **********/
+
+    class zarray
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using implementation_ptr = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>;
+
+        zarray() = default;
+        ~zarray() = default;
+
+        template <class E>
+        zarray(E&& e);
+
+        zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl);
+
+        zarray(const zarray& rhs);
+        zarray& operator=(const zarray& rhs);
+
+        zarray(zarray&& rhs);
+        zarray& operator=(zarray&& rhs);
+
+        void swap(zarray& rhs);
+
+        zarray_impl& get_implementation();
+        const zarray_impl& get_implementation() const;
+
+        template <class T>
+        xarray<T>& get_array();
+
+        template <class T>
+        const xarray<T>& get_array() const;
+
+    private:
+
+        implementation_ptr p_impl;
+    };
+
+    /***************
+     * zarray_impl *
+     ***************/
+
+    class zarray_impl
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zarray_impl;
+
+        virtual ~zarray_impl() = default;
+
+        zarray_impl(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
+        zarray_impl& operator=(const zarray_impl&) = delete;
+        zarray_impl& operator=(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
+
+        virtual self_type* clone() const = 0;
+
+        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
+
+    protected:
+
+        zarray_impl() = default;
+        zarray_impl(const zarray_impl&) = default;
+    };
+
+    /****************
+     * ztyped_array *
+     ****************/
+
+    template <class T>
+    class ztyped_array : public zarray_impl
+    {
+    public:
+
+        virtual ~ztyped_array() = default;
+
+        virtual xarray<T>& get_array() = 0;
+        virtual const xarray<T>& get_array() const = 0;
+
+        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
+
+    protected:
+
+        ztyped_array() = default;
+        ztyped_array(const ztyped_array&) = default;
+    };
+
+    /***********************
+     * zexpression_wrapper *
+     ***********************/
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    class zexpression_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zexpression_wrapper<CTE>;
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
+        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
+
+        template <class E>
+        zexpression_wrapper(E&& e);
+
+        virtual ~zexpression_wrapper() = default;
+
+        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
+        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
+
+        self_type* clone() const override;
+
+    private:
+
+        zexpression_wrapper(const zexpression_wrapper&) = default;
+
+        void compute_cache() const;
+
+        CTE m_expression;
+        mutable xarray<value_type> m_cache;
+        mutable bool m_cache_initialized;
+    };
+
+    /******************
+     * zarray_wrapper *
+     ******************/
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    class zarray_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zarray_wrapper;
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
+        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
+
+        template <class E>
+        zarray_wrapper(E&& e);
+
+        virtual ~zarray_wrapper() = default;
+
+        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
+        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
+
+        self_type* clone() const override;
+
+    private:
+
+        zarray_wrapper(const zarray_wrapper&) = default;
+
+        CTE m_array;
+    };
+
+    /*************************
+     * zarray implementation *
+     *************************/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class E>
+        struct is_xarray : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class T, layout_type L, class A, class SA>
+        struct is_xarray<xarray<T, L, A, SA>> : std::true_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        struct zwrapper_builder
+        {
+            using closure_type = xtl::closure_type_t<E>;
+            using wrapper_type = std::conditional_t<is_xarray<std::decay_t<E>>::value,
+                                                    zarray_wrapper<closure_type>,
+                                                    zexpression_wrapper<closure_type>>;
+
+            template <class OE>
+            static wrapper_type* run(OE&& e)
+            {
+                return new wrapper_type(std::forward<OE>(e));
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        inline auto build_zarray(E&& e)
+        {
+            return zwrapper_builder<E>::run(std::forward<E>(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline zarray::zarray(E&& e)
+        : p_impl(detail::build_zarray(std::forward<E>(e)))
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline zarray::zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl)
+        : p_impl(std::move(impl))
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline zarray::zarray(const zarray& rhs)
+        : p_impl(rhs.p_impl->clone())
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(const zarray& rhs)
+    {
+        zarray tmp(rhs);
+        swap(tmp);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline zarray::zarray(zarray&& rhs)
+        : p_impl(std::move(rhs.p_impl))
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(zarray&& rhs)
+    {
+        swap(rhs);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline void zarray::swap(zarray& rhs)
+    {
+        std::swap(p_impl, rhs.p_impl);
+    }
+
+    inline zarray_impl& zarray::get_implementation()
+    {
+        return *p_impl;
+    }
+
+    inline const zarray_impl& zarray::get_implementation() const
+    {
+        return *p_impl;
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    inline xarray<T>& zarray::get_array()
+    {
+        return dynamic_cast<ztyped_array<T>*>(p_impl.get())->get_array();
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    inline const xarray<T>& zarray::get_array() const
+    {
+        return dynamic_cast<const ztyped_array<T>*>(p_impl.get())->get_array();
+    }
+    
+    /***********************
+     * zexpression_wrapper *
+     ***********************/
+        
+    template <class CTE>
+    template <class E>
+    inline zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::zexpression_wrapper(E&& e)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_expression(std::forward<E>(e))
+        , m_cache()
+        , m_cache_initialized(false)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        compute_cache();
+        return m_cache;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        compute_cache();
+        return m_cache;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
+    {
+        return new self_type(*this);
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline void zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::compute_cache() const
+    {
+        if (!m_cache_initialized)
+        {
+            m_cache = m_expression;
+            m_cache_initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /******************
+     * zarray_wrapper *
+     ******************/
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    template <class E>
+    inline zarray_wrapper<CTE>::zarray_wrapper(E&& e)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_array(std::forward<E>(e))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        return m_array;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        return m_array;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
+    {
+        return new self_type(*this);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 57d935c8b..e64618b14 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xview.cpp
     test_xview_semantic.cpp
     test_xutils.cpp
+    test_zarray.cpp
 )
 
 set(XTENSOR_TESTS
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07be3e947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "xtensor/zarray.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    TEST(zarray, value_semantics)
+    {
+        xarray<double> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
+        xarray<double> ra = {{2., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
+        zarray da(a);
+        da.get_array<double>()(0, 0) = 2.;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, ra);
+    }
+}
+

From 2007513ed2781bf8d6682607328aafbb4d36bbd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 2020 11:34:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 083/606] Skeleton of the dynamic expression system

---
 CMakeLists.txt                  |   4 +
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp      | 232 ++----------------------------
 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp | 244 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp |  85 +++++++++++
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp   |  18 +++
 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp       |  46 ++++++
 test/test_zarray.cpp            |  20 +++
 7 files changed, 427 insertions(+), 222 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index ea389080e..82581339c 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -180,6 +180,10 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zmath.hpp
 )
 
 add_library(xtensor INTERFACE)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 2db8318ee..364fe2afa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ZARRAY_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ZARRAY_HPP
 
@@ -6,12 +15,11 @@
 #include <xtl/xmultimethods.hpp>
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "zarray_impl.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-    class zarray_impl;
-    
     /**********
      * zarray *
      **********/
@@ -52,156 +60,10 @@ namespace xt
         implementation_ptr p_impl;
     };
 
-    /***************
-     * zarray_impl *
-     ***************/
-
-    class zarray_impl
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = zarray_impl;
-
-        virtual ~zarray_impl() = default;
-
-        zarray_impl(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
-        zarray_impl& operator=(const zarray_impl&) = delete;
-        zarray_impl& operator=(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
-
-        virtual self_type* clone() const = 0;
-
-        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
-
-    protected:
-
-        zarray_impl() = default;
-        zarray_impl(const zarray_impl&) = default;
-    };
-
-    /****************
-     * ztyped_array *
-     ****************/
-
-    template <class T>
-    class ztyped_array : public zarray_impl
-    {
-    public:
-
-        virtual ~ztyped_array() = default;
-
-        virtual xarray<T>& get_array() = 0;
-        virtual const xarray<T>& get_array() const = 0;
-
-        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
-
-    protected:
-
-        ztyped_array() = default;
-        ztyped_array(const ztyped_array&) = default;
-    };
-
-    /***********************
-     * zexpression_wrapper *
-     ***********************/
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    class zexpression_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = zexpression_wrapper<CTE>;
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
-        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
-
-        template <class E>
-        zexpression_wrapper(E&& e);
-
-        virtual ~zexpression_wrapper() = default;
-
-        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
-        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
-
-        self_type* clone() const override;
-
-    private:
-
-        zexpression_wrapper(const zexpression_wrapper&) = default;
-
-        void compute_cache() const;
-
-        CTE m_expression;
-        mutable xarray<value_type> m_cache;
-        mutable bool m_cache_initialized;
-    };
-
-    /******************
-     * zarray_wrapper *
-     ******************/
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    class zarray_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = zarray_wrapper;
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
-        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
-
-        template <class E>
-        zarray_wrapper(E&& e);
-
-        virtual ~zarray_wrapper() = default;
-
-        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
-        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
-
-        self_type* clone() const override;
-
-    private:
-
-        zarray_wrapper(const zarray_wrapper&) = default;
-
-        CTE m_array;
-    };
-
     /*************************
      * zarray implementation *
      *************************/
 
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class E>
-        struct is_xarray : std::false_type
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <class T, layout_type L, class A, class SA>
-        struct is_xarray<xarray<T, L, A, SA>> : std::true_type
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        struct zwrapper_builder
-        {
-            using closure_type = xtl::closure_type_t<E>;
-            using wrapper_type = std::conditional_t<is_xarray<std::decay_t<E>>::value,
-                                                    zarray_wrapper<closure_type>,
-                                                    zexpression_wrapper<closure_type>>;
-
-            template <class OE>
-            static wrapper_type* run(OE&& e)
-            {
-                return new wrapper_type(std::forward<OE>(e));
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto build_zarray(E&& e)
-        {
-            return zwrapper_builder<E>::run(std::forward<E>(e));
-        }
-    }
-
     template <class E>
     inline zarray::zarray(E&& e)
         : p_impl(detail::build_zarray(std::forward<E>(e)))
@@ -262,80 +124,6 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return dynamic_cast<const ztyped_array<T>*>(p_impl.get())->get_array();
     }
-    
-    /***********************
-     * zexpression_wrapper *
-     ***********************/
-        
-    template <class CTE>
-    template <class E>
-    inline zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::zexpression_wrapper(E&& e)
-        : base_type()
-        , m_expression(std::forward<E>(e))
-        , m_cache()
-        , m_cache_initialized(false)
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        compute_cache();
-        return m_cache;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        compute_cache();
-        return m_cache;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
-    {
-        return new self_type(*this);
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline void zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::compute_cache() const
-    {
-        if (!m_cache_initialized)
-        {
-            m_cache = m_expression;
-            m_cache_initialized = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /******************
-     * zarray_wrapper *
-     ******************/
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    template <class E>
-    inline zarray_wrapper<CTE>::zarray_wrapper(E&& e)
-        : base_type()
-        , m_array(std::forward<E>(e))
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        return m_array;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        return m_array;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
-    {
-        return new self_type(*this);
-    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2bd20d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ZARRAY_IMPL_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_ZARRAY_IMPL_HPP
+
+#include "xarray.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    /***************
+     * zarray_impl *
+     ***************/
+
+    class zarray_impl
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zarray_impl;
+
+        virtual ~zarray_impl() = default;
+
+        zarray_impl(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
+        zarray_impl& operator=(const zarray_impl&) = delete;
+        zarray_impl& operator=(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
+
+        virtual self_type* clone() const = 0;
+
+        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
+
+    protected:
+
+        zarray_impl() = default;
+        zarray_impl(const zarray_impl&) = default;
+    };
+
+    /****************
+     * ztyped_array *
+     ****************/
+
+    template <class T>
+    class ztyped_array : public zarray_impl
+    {
+    public:
+
+        virtual ~ztyped_array() = default;
+
+        virtual xarray<T>& get_array() = 0;
+        virtual const xarray<T>& get_array() const = 0;
+
+        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
+
+    protected:
+
+        ztyped_array() = default;
+        ztyped_array(const ztyped_array&) = default;
+    };
+
+    /***********************
+     * zexpression_wrapper *
+     ***********************/
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    class zexpression_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zexpression_wrapper<CTE>;
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
+        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
+
+        template <class E>
+        zexpression_wrapper(E&& e);
+
+        virtual ~zexpression_wrapper() = default;
+
+        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
+        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
+
+        self_type* clone() const override;
+
+    private:
+
+        zexpression_wrapper(const zexpression_wrapper&) = default;
+
+        void compute_cache() const;
+
+        CTE m_expression;
+        mutable xarray<value_type> m_cache;
+        mutable bool m_cache_initialized;
+    };
+
+    /******************
+     * zarray_wrapper *
+     ******************/
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    class zarray_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zarray_wrapper;
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
+        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
+
+        template <class E>
+        zarray_wrapper(E&& e);
+
+        virtual ~zarray_wrapper() = default;
+
+        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
+        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
+
+        self_type* clone() const override;
+
+    private:
+
+        zarray_wrapper(const zarray_wrapper&) = default;
+
+        CTE m_array;
+    };
+
+    /***********************
+     * zexpression_wrapper *
+     ***********************/
+        
+    template <class CTE>
+    template <class E>
+    inline zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::zexpression_wrapper(E&& e)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_expression(std::forward<E>(e))
+        , m_cache()
+        , m_cache_initialized(false)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        compute_cache();
+        return m_cache;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        compute_cache();
+        return m_cache;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
+    {
+        return new self_type(*this);
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline void zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::compute_cache() const
+    {
+        if (!m_cache_initialized)
+        {
+            m_cache = m_expression;
+            m_cache_initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /******************
+     * zarray_wrapper *
+     ******************/
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    template <class E>
+    inline zarray_wrapper<CTE>::zarray_wrapper(E&& e)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_array(std::forward<E>(e))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        return m_array;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        return m_array;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
+    {
+        return new self_type(*this);
+    }
+
+    /******************
+     * zarray builder *
+     ******************/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class E>
+        struct is_xarray : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class T, layout_type L, class A, class SA>
+        struct is_xarray<xarray<T, L, A, SA>> : std::true_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        struct zwrapper_builder
+        {
+            using closure_type = xtl::closure_type_t<E>;
+            using wrapper_type = std::conditional_t<is_xarray<std::decay_t<E>>::value,
+                                                    zarray_wrapper<closure_type>,
+                                                    zexpression_wrapper<closure_type>>;
+
+            template <class OE>
+            static wrapper_type* run(OE&& e)
+            {
+                return new wrapper_type(std::forward<OE>(e));
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        inline auto build_zarray(E&& e)
+        {
+            return zwrapper_builder<E>::run(std::forward<E>(e));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2ba4eb3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef ZDISPATCHER_HPP
+#define ZDISPATCHER_HPP
+
+#include <xtl/xmultimethods.hpp>
+
+#include "zmath.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    namespace mpl = xtl::mpl;
+
+    using supported_type = mpl::vector<float, double>;
+
+    template <class type_list>
+    using zdispatcher_impl = xtl::functor_dispatcher
+    <
+        type_list,
+        void,
+        xtl::static_caster,
+        xtl::basic_fast_dispatcher
+    >;
+
+    using zsingle_dispatcher_impl = zdispatcher_impl
+    <
+        mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>
+    >;
+
+    using zdouble_dispatcher_impl = zdispatcher_impl
+    <
+        mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>
+    >;
+
+    template <class D>
+    struct zsingle_dispatcher_base
+    {
+        static zsingle_dispatcher_impl& get()
+        {
+            static zsingle_dispatcher_impl dispatcher;
+            return dispatcher;
+        }
+
+        static void init()
+        {
+            D::template insert<float, float>();
+            D::template insert<double, double>();
+        }
+
+        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res)
+        {
+            get().dispatch(z1, res);
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class F>
+    class zsingle_dispatcher;
+
+#define DEFINE_SINGLE_DISPATCHER(FUNCTOR, FUNCTION)\
+    template <> \
+    struct zsingle_dispatcher<FUNCTOR>\
+        : private zsingle_dispatcher_base<zsingle_dispatcher<FUNCTOR>> \
+    {\
+        using base_type = zsingle_dispatcher_base<zsingle_dispatcher<FUNCTOR>>; \
+        using base_type::dispatch; \
+        using base_type::init; \
+        template <class T1, class T2>\
+        static void insert() \
+        {\
+            base_type::get().template insert<const ztyped_array<T1>, ztyped_array<T2>>(&FUNCTION<T1, T2>); \
+        }\
+    }
+
+DEFINE_SINGLE_DISPATCHER(math::exp_fun, zexp);
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d7069e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ZFUNCTION_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_ZFUNCTION_HPP
+
+namespace xt
+{
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6844816a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ZMATH_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_ZMATH_HPP
+
+#include "xmath.hpp"
+#include "zarray_impl.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        // For further improvement: move shape computation
+        // at the beginning of a zarray assignment so it is computed
+        // only once
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        inline void zassign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
+        {
+            e1.derived_cast() = e2.derived_cast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class T1, class T2, class R>
+    inline void zadd(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,
+                     const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,
+                     ztyped_array<R>& zres)
+    {
+        detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), z1.get_array() + z2.get_array());
+    }
+
+    template <class T1, class R>
+    inline void zexp(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,
+                     ztyped_array<R>& zres)
+    {
+        detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), xt::exp(z1.get_array()));
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index 07be3e947..332b405f1 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/zarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp"
 
+#ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(zarray, value_semantics)
@@ -21,5 +23,23 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a, ra);
     }
+
+    // TODO : move to dedicated test file
+    TEST(zarray, dispatching)
+    {
+        using dispatcher_type = zsingle_dispatcher<math::exp_fun>;
+        dispatcher_type::init();
+
+        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
+        xarray<double> expa = {{std::exp(0.5), std::exp(1.5)}, {std::exp(2.5), std::exp(3.5)}};
+        xarray<double> res;
+        zarray za(a);
+        zarray zres(res);
+
+        dispatcher_type::dispatch(za.get_implementation(), zres.get_implementation());
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(expa, res);
+    }
 }
+#endif
 

From befb57c5df854e345cb4ea89de63b887629edc20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2020 09:30:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 084/606] Implemented zfunctions, equivalent of xfunction for
 dynamic expression system

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml |   2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp          | 161 ++++++++++++++++++-----
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp            |  62 +++++++++
 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp                |  68 ++++++++--
 test/test_zarray.cpp                     |  34 ++++-
 6 files changed, 280 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 3c05a6e12..0637ae430 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.17 ^
+                        xtl==0.6.18 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index e5a43cb3f..b7bfd103e 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.17
+  - xtl=0.6.18
   - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
index d2ba4eb3d..c8b6e9b77 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#ifndef ZDISPATCHER_HPP
-#define ZDISPATCHER_HPP
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHER_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHER_HPP
 
 #include <xtl/xmultimethods.hpp>
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace xt
     using supported_type = mpl::vector<float, double>;
 
     template <class type_list>
-    using zdispatcher_impl = xtl::functor_dispatcher
+    using zrun_dispatcher_impl = xtl::functor_dispatcher
     <
         type_list,
         void,
@@ -29,57 +29,150 @@ namespace xt
         xtl::basic_fast_dispatcher
     >;
 
-    using zsingle_dispatcher_impl = zdispatcher_impl
+    template <class type_list>
+    using ztype_dispatcher_impl = xtl::functor_dispatcher
     <
-        mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>
+        type_list,
+        size_t,
+        xtl::static_caster,
+        xtl::basic_fast_dispatcher
     >;
 
-    using zdouble_dispatcher_impl = zdispatcher_impl
-    <
-        mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>
-    >;
+    /**********************
+     * zdouble_dispatcher *
+     **********************/
+
+    // Double dispatchers are used for unary operations.
+    // They dispatch on the single argument and on the
+    // result.
 
-    template <class D>
-    struct zsingle_dispatcher_base
+    template <class F>
+    class zdouble_dispatcher
     {
-        static zsingle_dispatcher_impl& get()
+    private:
+
+        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
+        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl>>;
+        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
+        
+        static ztype_dispatcher& type_dispatcher()
         {
-            static zsingle_dispatcher_impl dispatcher;
+            static ztype_dispatcher dispatcher;
             return dispatcher;
         }
 
+        static zrun_dispatcher& run_dispatcher()
+        {
+            static zrun_dispatcher dispatcher;
+            return dispatcher;
+        }
+
+    public:
+
+        template <class T, class R>
+        static void insert()
+        {
+            using arg_type = const ztyped_array<T>;
+            using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
+            run_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T, R>);
+            type_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T>);
+        }
+
         static void init()
         {
-            D::template insert<float, float>();
-            D::template insert<double, double>();
+            insert<float, float>();
+            insert<double, double>();
         }
 
         static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res)
         {
-            get().dispatch(z1, res);
+            run_dispatcher().dispatch(z1, res);
+        }
+
+        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1)
+        {
+            return type_dispatcher().dispatch(z1);
+        }
+   };
+
+    /**********************
+     * ztriple_dispatcher *
+     **********************/
+
+    // Triple dispatchers are used for binary operations.
+    // They dispatch on both arguments and on the result.
+
+    template <class F>
+    class ztriple_dispatcher
+    {
+    private:
+
+        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
+        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl>>;
+        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
+        
+        static ztype_dispatcher& type_dispatcher()
+        {
+            static ztype_dispatcher dispatcher;
+            return dispatcher;
+        }
+
+        static zrun_dispatcher& run_dispatcher()
+        {
+            static zrun_dispatcher dispatcher;
+            return dispatcher;
+        }
+
+    public:
+
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
+        static void insert()
+        {
+            using arg_type1 = const ztyped_array<T1>;
+            using arg_type2 = const ztyped_array<T2>;
+            using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
+            run_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type1, arg_type2, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T1, T2, R>);
+            type_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type1, arg_type1>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T1, T2>);
+        }
+
+        static void init()
+        {
+            insert<float, float, float>();
+            insert<double, double, double>();
+        }
+
+        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2, zarray_impl& res)
+        {
+            run_dispatcher().dispatch(z1, z2, res);
+        }
+
+        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2)
+        {
+            return type_dispatcher().dispatch(z1, z2);
         }
     };
 
+    /***************
+     * zdispatcher *
+     ***************/
+
+    template <class F, size_t N>
+    struct zdispatcher;
+
     template <class F>
-    class zsingle_dispatcher;
-
-#define DEFINE_SINGLE_DISPATCHER(FUNCTOR, FUNCTION)\
-    template <> \
-    struct zsingle_dispatcher<FUNCTOR>\
-        : private zsingle_dispatcher_base<zsingle_dispatcher<FUNCTOR>> \
-    {\
-        using base_type = zsingle_dispatcher_base<zsingle_dispatcher<FUNCTOR>>; \
-        using base_type::dispatch; \
-        using base_type::init; \
-        template <class T1, class T2>\
-        static void insert() \
-        {\
-            base_type::get().template insert<const ztyped_array<T1>, ztyped_array<T2>>(&FUNCTION<T1, T2>); \
-        }\
-    }
-
-DEFINE_SINGLE_DISPATCHER(math::exp_fun, zexp);
+    struct zdispatcher<F, 1>
+    {
+        using type = zdouble_dispatcher<F>;
+    };
+
+    template <class F>
+    struct zdispatcher<F, 2>
+    {
+        using type = ztriple_dispatcher<F>;
+    };
 
+    template <class F, size_t N>
+    using zdispatcher_t = typename zdispatcher<F, N>::type;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
index 1d7069e9f..82997e376 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -10,8 +10,70 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ZFUNCTION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ZFUNCTION_HPP
 
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "zdispatcher.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    class zfunction
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zfunction<F, CT...>;
+        using tuple_type = std::tuple<CT...>;
+        using functor_type = F;
+
+        template <class Func, class... CTA, class U = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of<std::decay_t<Func>, self_type>::value>>
+        zfunction(Func&& f, CTA&&... e) noexcept;
+
+        zarray_impl& assign_to(zarray_impl& res) const;
+
+    private:
+
+        template <class E>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_assign_to<zarray_impl, E>::value, const zarray_impl&>
+        get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl& res) const
+        {
+            return e.assign_to(res);
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_assign_to<zarray_impl, E>::value, const zarray_impl&>
+        get_array_impl(E& e, zarray_impl&) const
+        {
+            return e.get_implementation();
+        }
+
+        template <std::size_t... I>
+        zarray_impl& assign_to_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, zarray_impl& res) const;
+
+        tuple_type m_e;
+    };
+
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    template <class Func, class... CTA, class U>
+    inline zfunction<F, CT...>::zfunction(Func&&, CTA&&... e) noexcept
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)...)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    inline zarray_impl& zfunction<F, CT...>::assign_to(zarray_impl& res) const
+    {
+        return assign_to_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), res);
+    }
+
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    template <std::size_t... I>
+    inline zarray_impl& zfunction<F, CT...>::assign_to_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, zarray_impl& res) const
+    {
+        // To do: call assign_to on zfunciton arguments
+        zdispatcher_t<F, sizeof...(CT)>::dispatch(get_array_impl(std::get<I>(m_e), res)..., res);
+        return res;
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
index 6844816a1..0d1d0e758 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
@@ -27,20 +27,66 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template <class T1, class T2, class R>
-    inline void zadd(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,
-                     const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,
-                     ztyped_array<R>& zres)
+    template <class XF>
+    struct get_zmapped_functor;
+    
+    template <class XF>
+    using get_zmapped_functor_t = typename get_zmapped_functor<XF>::type;
+
+/*#define DEFINE_ZFUNCTOR_MAPPING(XF, ZF) \
+    template <>                         \
+    struct get_zmapped_functor<XF>      \
+    { using type = ZF; }
+*/
+    struct zadd
     {
-        detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), z1.get_array() + z2.get_array());
-    }
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
+        static void run(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,
+                        const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,
+                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)
+        {
+            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), z1.get_array() + z2.get_array());
+        }
 
-    template <class T1, class R>
-    inline void zexp(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,
-                     ztyped_array<R>& zres)
+        template <class T1, class T2>
+        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T1>&, const ztyped_array<T2>&)
+        {
+            using result_type = ztyped_array<decltype(std::declval<T1>() + std::declval<T2>())>;
+            return result_type::get_class_static_index();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct get_zmapped_functor<detail::plus>
     {
-        detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), xt::exp(z1.get_array()));
-    }
+        using type = zadd;
+    };
+
+    //DEFINE_ZFUNCTOR_MAPPING((detail::plus), zadd);
+
+    struct zexp
+    {
+        template <class T, class R>
+        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z,
+                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)
+        {
+            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), xt::exp(z.get_array()));
+        }
+
+        template <class T>
+        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T>&)
+        {
+            using value_type = decltype(std::declval<math::exp_fun>()(std::declval<T>()));
+            return ztyped_array<value_type>::get_class_static_index();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct get_zmapped_functor<math::exp_fun>
+    {
+        using type = zexp;
+    };
+    //DEFINE_ZFUNCTOR_MAPPING((math::exp_fun), zexp);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index 332b405f1..4a77b51a2 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/zarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/zfunction.hpp"
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
 namespace xt
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace xt
     // TODO : move to dedicated test file
     TEST(zarray, dispatching)
     {
-        using dispatcher_type = zsingle_dispatcher<math::exp_fun>;
+        using dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
         dispatcher_type::init();
 
         xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
@@ -40,6 +40,36 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(expa, res);
     }
+
+    // TODO: move to dedicated test file
+    TEST(zarray, add)
+    {
+        using exp_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
+        exp_dispatcher_type::init();
+
+        using add_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<detail::plus, 2>;
+        add_dispatcher_type::init();
+
+        using nested_zfunction_type = zfunction<math::exp_fun, const zarray&>;
+        using zfunction_type = zfunction<detail::plus, const zarray&, nested_zfunction_type>;
+
+        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
+        xarray<double> b = {{-0.2, 2.4}, {1.3, 4.7}};
+        xarray<double> res;
+
+        zarray za(a);
+        zarray zb(b);
+        zarray zres(res);
+
+        zfunction_type f(zadd(), za, nested_zfunction_type(zexp(), zb));
+        f.assign_to(zres.get_implementation());
+
+        auto expected = xarray<double>::from_shape({2, 2});
+        std::transform(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin(), expected.begin(),
+                       [](const double& lhs, const double& rhs) { return lhs + std::exp(rhs); });
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
+    }
 }
 #endif
 

From 9489dd008c21d9cf67fc2ccaef7bcc0ec0381d8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2020 15:03:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 085/606] Implemented allocate_result in zfunction

---
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp   | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 test/test_zarray.cpp            |  3 ++
 3 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
index c8b6e9b77..3fd3f5fed 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
@@ -173,6 +173,57 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, size_t N>
     using zdispatcher_t = typename zdispatcher<F, N>::type;
+
+    /************************
+     * zarray_impl_register *
+     ************************/
+
+    class zarray_impl_register
+    {
+    public:
+
+        template <class T>
+        void insert()
+        {
+            size_t& idx = ztyped_array<T>::get_class_static_index();
+            if (idx == SIZE_MAX)
+            {
+                m_register.resize(++m_next_index);
+                idx = m_register.size() - 1u;
+
+            }
+            else if (m_register.size() <= idx)
+            {
+                m_register.resize(idx + 1u);
+            }
+            m_register[idx] = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(detail::build_zarray(std::move(xarray<T>())));
+        }
+
+        const zarray_impl& operator[](size_t index) const
+        {
+            return *(m_register[index]);
+        }
+
+        static zarray_impl_register& instance()
+        {
+            static zarray_impl_register r;
+            return r;
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        zarray_impl_register()
+            : m_next_index(0)
+        {
+            insert<float>();
+            insert<double>();
+        }
+
+        size_t m_next_index;
+        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>> m_register;
+    };
+
+
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
index 82997e376..419902bf6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -29,10 +29,14 @@ namespace xt
         template <class Func, class... CTA, class U = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of<std::decay_t<Func>, self_type>::value>>
         zfunction(Func&& f, CTA&&... e) noexcept;
 
+        std::size_t get_result_type_index() const;
+        std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> allocate_result() const;
         zarray_impl& assign_to(zarray_impl& res) const;
 
     private:
 
+        using dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<F, sizeof...(CT)>;
+
         template <class E>
         std::enable_if_t<has_assign_to<zarray_impl, E>::value, const zarray_impl&>
         get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl& res) const
@@ -47,12 +51,46 @@ namespace xt
             return e.get_implementation();
         }
 
+        template <std::size_t... I>
+        std::size_t get_result_type_index_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const;
+
         template <std::size_t... I>
         zarray_impl& assign_to_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, zarray_impl& res) const;
 
         tuple_type m_e;
     };
 
+    class zarray;
+    
+    namespace detail
+    {
+
+        template <class E>
+        struct zresult_type
+        {
+            static size_t get_index(const E& e)
+            {
+                return e.get_result_type_index();
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct zresult_type<zarray>
+        {
+            template <class E>
+            static size_t get_index(const E& e)
+            {
+                return e.get_implementation().get_class_index();
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        inline size_t get_result_type_index(const E& e)
+        {
+            return zresult_type<E>::get_index(e);
+        }
+    }
+
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class Func, class... CTA, class U>
     inline zfunction<F, CT...>::zfunction(Func&&, CTA&&... e) noexcept
@@ -60,18 +98,38 @@ namespace xt
     {
     }
 
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    std::size_t zfunction<F, CT...>::get_result_type_index() const
+    {
+        return get_result_type_index_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
+    }
+
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> zfunction<F, CT...>::allocate_result() const
+    {
+        std::size_t idx = get_result_type_index();
+        return std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(zarray_impl_register::instance()[idx].clone());
+    }
+
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline zarray_impl& zfunction<F, CT...>::assign_to(zarray_impl& res) const
     {
         return assign_to_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), res);
     }
 
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    template <std::size_t... I>
+    std::size_t zfunction<F, CT...>::get_result_type_index_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const
+    {
+        auto& reg = zarray_impl_register::instance();
+        return dispatcher_type::get_type_index(reg[detail::get_result_type_index(std::get<I>(m_e))]...);
+    }
+
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <std::size_t... I>
     inline zarray_impl& zfunction<F, CT...>::assign_to_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, zarray_impl& res) const
     {
-        // To do: call assign_to on zfunciton arguments
-        zdispatcher_t<F, sizeof...(CT)>::dispatch(get_array_impl(std::get<I>(m_e), res)..., res);
+        dispatcher_type::dispatch(get_array_impl(std::get<I>(m_e), res)..., res);
         return res;
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index 4a77b51a2..ca519b271 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ namespace xt
                        [](const double& lhs, const double& rhs) { return lhs + std::exp(rhs); });
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
+
+        size_t res_index = f.get_result_type_index();
+        EXPECT_EQ(res_index, ztyped_array<double>::get_class_static_index());
     }
 }
 #endif

From dc5b09736c395ac8827f1aaba73618dbc0ebac43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2020 15:59:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 086/606] zarray_expression_tag and specialization of
 select_xfunction_expression

---
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp      |  3 ++-
 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp   | 13 ++++++++++++-
 test/test_zarray.cpp            | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 364fe2afa..94b3cd82e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ namespace xt
      * zarray *
      **********/
 
-    class zarray
+    class zarray : public xexpression<zarray>
     {
     public:
 
+        using expression_tag = zarray_expression_tag;
         using implementation_ptr = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>;
 
         zarray() = default;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
index d2bd20d74..d845f8e0b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,33 @@
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    /*************************
+     * zarray_expression_tag *
+     *************************/
+
+    struct zarray_expression_tag {};
+
+    namespace extension
+    {
+        template <>
+        struct expression_tag_and<xtensor_expression_tag, zarray_expression_tag>
+        {
+            using type = zarray_expression_tag;
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct expression_tag_and<zarray_expression_tag, xtensor_expression_tag>
+            : expression_tag_and<xtensor_expression_tag, zarray_expression_tag>
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct expression_tag_and<zarray_expression_tag, zarray_expression_tag>
+        {
+            using type = zarray_expression_tag;
+        };
+    }
+
     /***************
      * zarray_impl *
      ***************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
index 419902bf6..d569953c8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    class zfunction
+    class zfunction : public xexpression<zfunction<F, CT...>>
     {
     public:
 
+        using expression_tag = zarray_expression_tag;
+
         using self_type = zfunction<F, CT...>;
         using tuple_type = std::tuple<CT...>;
         using functor_type = F;
@@ -60,6 +62,15 @@ namespace xt
         tuple_type m_e;
     };
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class F, class... E>
+        struct select_xfunction_expression<zarray_expression_tag, F, E...>
+        {
+            using type = zfunction<F, E...>;
+        };
+    }
+
     class zarray;
     
     namespace detail
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index ca519b271..c94c81666 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     // TODO: move to dedicated test file
-    TEST(zarray, add)
+    TEST(zarray, zfunction)
     {
         using exp_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
         exp_dispatcher_type::init();
@@ -73,6 +73,32 @@ namespace xt
         size_t res_index = f.get_result_type_index();
         EXPECT_EQ(res_index, ztyped_array<double>::get_class_static_index());
     }
+
+    TEST(zarray, operations)
+    {
+        using exp_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
+        exp_dispatcher_type::init();
+
+        using add_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<detail::plus, 2>;
+        add_dispatcher_type::init();
+
+        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
+        xarray<double> b = {{-0.2, 2.4}, {1.3, 4.7}};
+        xarray<double> res;
+
+        zarray za(a);
+        zarray zb(b);
+        zarray zres(res);
+
+        auto f = za + xt::exp(zb);
+        f.assign_to(zres.get_implementation());
+
+        auto expected = xarray<double>::from_shape({2, 2});
+        std::transform(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin(), expected.begin(),
+                       [](const double& lhs, const double& rhs) { return lhs + std::exp(rhs); });
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
+    }
 }
 #endif
 

From 474b5d2a14f980d909e947c853cc7f18dc4f41fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2020 16:38:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 087/606] Assign mechanism for zarray

---
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp  | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 include/xtensor/zassign.hpp | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_zarray.cpp        | 23 +++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/zassign.hpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 94b3cd82e..8e299bc7b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "zarray_impl.hpp"
+#include "zassign.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -24,11 +25,20 @@ namespace xt
      * zarray *
      **********/
 
-    class zarray : public xexpression<zarray>
+    class zarray;
+
+    template <>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<zarray>
+    {
+        using temporary_type = zarray;
+    };
+
+    class zarray : public xcontainer_semantic<zarray>
     {
     public:
 
         using expression_tag = zarray_expression_tag;
+        using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<zarray>;
         using implementation_ptr = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>;
 
         zarray() = default;
@@ -38,6 +48,7 @@ namespace xt
         zarray(E&& e);
 
         zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl);
+        zarray& operator=(implementation_ptr&& impl);
 
         zarray(const zarray& rhs);
         zarray& operator=(const zarray& rhs);
@@ -45,6 +56,9 @@ namespace xt
         zarray(zarray&& rhs);
         zarray& operator=(zarray&& rhs);
 
+        template <class E>
+        zarray& operator=(const xexpression<E>&);
+
         void swap(zarray& rhs);
 
         zarray_impl& get_implementation();
@@ -58,6 +72,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
+        template <class E>
+        void init_implementation(E&& e, xtensor_expression_tag);
+
+        template <class E>
+        void init_implementation(const xexpression<E>& e, zarray_expression_tag);
+
         implementation_ptr p_impl;
     };
 
@@ -65,10 +85,23 @@ namespace xt
      * zarray implementation *
      *************************/
 
+    template <class E>
+    inline void zarray::init_implementation(E&& e, xtensor_expression_tag)
+    {
+        p_impl = implementation_ptr(detail::build_zarray(std::forward<E>(e)));
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline void zarray::init_implementation(const xexpression<E>& e, zarray_expression_tag)
+    {
+        p_impl = nullptr;
+        semantic_base::assign(e);
+    }
+    
     template <class E>
     inline zarray::zarray(E&& e)
-        : p_impl(detail::build_zarray(std::forward<E>(e)))
     {
+        init_implementation(std::forward<E>(e), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
     }
 
     inline zarray::zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl)
@@ -76,6 +109,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
     }
 
+    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(implementation_ptr&& impl)
+    {
+        p_impl = std::move(impl);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     inline zarray::zarray(const zarray& rhs)
         : p_impl(rhs.p_impl->clone())
     {
@@ -99,6 +138,12 @@ namespace xt
         return *this;
     }
 
+    template <class E>
+    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    {
+        return semantic_base::operator=(e);
+    }
+    
     inline void zarray::swap(zarray& rhs)
     {
         std::swap(p_impl, rhs.p_impl);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36ca622a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ZASSIGN_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_ZASSIGN_HPP
+
+#include "xassign.hpp"
+#include "zarray_impl.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    template <>
+    class xexpression_assigner<zarray_expression_tag>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        static void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
+        {
+            std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> res_impl = e2.derived_cast().allocate_result();
+            e2.derived_cast().assign_to(*res_impl);
+            e1.derived_cast() = std::move(res_impl);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index c94c81666..ab6f70e82 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -99,6 +99,29 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
     }
+
+    TEST(zarray, assign)
+    {
+        using exp_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
+        exp_dispatcher_type::init();
+
+        using add_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<detail::plus, 2>;
+        add_dispatcher_type::init();
+
+        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
+        xarray<double> b = {{-0.2, 2.4}, {1.3, 4.7}};
+
+        zarray za(a);
+        zarray zb(b);
+
+        zarray zres = za + xt::exp(zb);
+        auto expected = xarray<double>::from_shape({2, 2});
+        std::transform(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin(), expected.begin(),
+                       [](const double& lhs, const double& rhs) { return lhs + std::exp(rhs); });
+
+        const auto& res = zres.get_array<double>();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
+    }
 }
 #endif
 

From 617885e931a4f848d6d6f9522338060268644816 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2020 11:09:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 088/606] Add xindex_path to transform indexes into path

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 175 ++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 107 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 2fba2c001..9de768e65 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -11,38 +11,53 @@
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    /***************************
+     * xindex_path declaration *
+     ***************************/
+
+    class xindex_path
+    {
+    public:
+        void set_directory(const char* directory);
+        template <class I>
+        void index_to_path(I, I, std::string&);
+
+    private:
+        std::string m_directory;
+    };
+
     /************************************
      * xchunk_store_manager declaration *
      ************************************/
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     class xchunk_store_manager;
 
-    template <class EC>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
     {
         using storage_type = EC;
         using reference = EC&;
         using const_reference = const EC&;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
-        using temporary_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC>;
+        using temporary_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>;
     };
 
-    template <class EC>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
     {
         using inner_shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, false>;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>, false>;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>, true>;
     };
 
-    template <class EC>
-    class xchunk_store_manager: public xaccessible<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>,
-                                public xiterable<xchunk_store_manager<EC>>
+    template <class EC, class IP = xindex_path>
+    class xchunk_store_manager: public xaccessible<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>,
+                                public xiterable<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
     {
     public:
 
-        using self_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC>;
+        using self_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>;
         using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
         using value_type = storage_type;
@@ -95,6 +110,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         void set_pool_size(std::size_t n);
         void set_directory(const char* directory);
+        IP& get_index_path();
         void flush();
 
         template <class C>
@@ -115,15 +131,44 @@ namespace xt
         chunk_pool_type m_chunk_pool;
         index_pool_type m_index_pool;
         std::size_t m_unload_index;
-        std::string m_directory;
+        IP m_index_path;
     };
 
+    /******************************
+     * xindex_path implementation *
+     ******************************/
+
+    void xindex_path::set_directory(const char* directory)
+    {
+        m_directory = directory;
+        if (m_directory.back() != '/')
+        {
+            m_directory.push_back('/');
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class I>
+    void xindex_path::index_to_path(I first, I last, std::string& path)
+    {
+        std::string fname;
+        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            if (!fname.empty())
+            {
+                fname.push_back('.');
+            }
+            fname.append(std::to_string(*it));
+        }
+        path = m_directory + fname;
+        std::cout << path << std::endl;
+    }
+
     /***************************************
      * xchunk_store_manager implementation *
      ***************************************/
 
-    template <class EC>
-    inline xchunk_store_manager<EC>::xchunk_store_manager()
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    inline xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::xchunk_store_manager()
         : m_shape()
         // default pool size is 1
         // so that first chunk is always resized to the chunk shape
@@ -134,84 +179,84 @@ namespace xt
         m_chunk_pool[0].ignore_empty_path(true);
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
     {
         return m_shape;
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
     {
         auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
         return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
     {
         auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
         return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
     {
         return map_file_array(first, last);
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
     {
         return map_file_array(first, last);
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class S>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::resize(S&&)
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::resize(S&&)
     {
         // don't resize according to total number of chunks
         // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::set_pool_size(std::size_t n)
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_pool_size(std::size_t n)
     {
         // first chunk always has the correct shape
         // get the shape before resizing the pool
@@ -227,8 +272,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::flush()
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::flush()
     {
         for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
         {
@@ -236,9 +281,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class C>
-    void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::configure_format(C& config)
+    void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::configure_format(C& config)
     {
         for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
         {
@@ -246,41 +291,33 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
-    void xchunk_store_manager<EC>::set_directory(const char* directory)
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    IP& xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::get_index_path()
     {
-        m_directory = directory;
-        if (m_directory.back() != '/')
-        {
-            m_directory.append("/");
-        }
+        return m_index_path;
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_directory(const char* directory)
+    {
+        m_index_path.set_directory(directory);
+    }
+
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class I>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC>::map_file_array(I first, I last) -> reference
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::map_file_array(I first, I last) -> reference
     {
         std::string path;
-        std::string fname;
-        std::vector<std::size_t> index;
-        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
-        {
-            if (!fname.empty())
-            {
-                fname.append(".");
-            }
-            fname.append(std::to_string(*it));
-            index.push_back(*it);
-        }
-        path = m_directory + fname;
-        if (index.empty())
+        m_index_path.index_to_path(first, last, path);
+        if (first == last)
         {
             return m_chunk_pool[0];
         }
         else
         {
             // check if the chunk is already loaded in memory
-            const auto it1 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), index);
+            const auto it1 = std::find_if(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), [first, last](const auto& v)
+                { return std::equal(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), first, last); });
             std::size_t i;
             if (it1 != m_index_pool.cend())
             {
@@ -294,23 +331,25 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it2);
                 m_chunk_pool[i].set_path(path);
-                m_index_pool[i] = index;
+                m_index_pool[i].resize(static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last)));
+                std::copy(first, last, m_index_pool[i].begin());
                 return m_chunk_pool[i];
             }
             // no free chunk, take one (which will thus be unloaded)
             // fairness is guaranteed through the use of a walking index
             m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index].set_path(path);
-            m_index_pool[m_unload_index] = index;
+            m_index_pool[m_unload_index].resize(static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last)));
+            std::copy(first, last, m_index_pool[m_unload_index].begin());
             auto& chunk = m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index];
             m_unload_index = (m_unload_index + 1) % m_index_pool.size();
             return chunk;
         }
     }
 
-    template <class EC>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class... Idxs>
     inline std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>
-    xchunk_store_manager<EC>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
+    xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
     {
         std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
         return indexes;

From 0f911a585f097fb10fb1188d8ef751b8989eaa4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2020 23:04:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 089/606] zfunction refactoring

---
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
index d569953c8..4af97b543 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -31,28 +31,14 @@ namespace xt
         template <class Func, class... CTA, class U = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of<std::decay_t<Func>, self_type>::value>>
         zfunction(Func&& f, CTA&&... e) noexcept;
 
-        std::size_t get_result_type_index() const;
         std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> allocate_result() const;
+        std::size_t get_result_type_index() const;
         zarray_impl& assign_to(zarray_impl& res) const;
 
     private:
 
         using dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<F, sizeof...(CT)>;
 
-        template <class E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_assign_to<zarray_impl, E>::value, const zarray_impl&>
-        get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl& res) const
-        {
-            return e.assign_to(res);
-        }
-
-        template <class E>
-        std::enable_if_t<!has_assign_to<zarray_impl, E>::value, const zarray_impl&>
-        get_array_impl(E& e, zarray_impl&) const
-        {
-            return e.get_implementation();
-        }
-
         template <std::size_t... I>
         std::size_t get_result_type_index_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const;
 
@@ -71,34 +57,55 @@ namespace xt
         };
     }
 
+    /****************************
+     * zfunction implementation *
+     ****************************/
+
     class zarray;
     
     namespace detail
     {
 
         template <class E>
-        struct zresult_type
+        struct zfunction_argument
         {
-            static size_t get_index(const E& e)
+            static std::size_t get_index(const E& e)
             {
                 return e.get_result_type_index();
             }
+
+            static const zarray_impl& get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl& res)
+            {
+                return e.assign_to(res);
+            }
         };
 
         template <>
-        struct zresult_type<zarray>
+        struct zfunction_argument<zarray>
         {
             template <class E>
-            static size_t get_index(const E& e)
+            static std::size_t get_index(const E& e)
             {
                 return e.get_implementation().get_class_index();
             }
+
+            template <class E>
+            static const zarray_impl& get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl&)
+            {
+                return e.get_implementation();
+            }
         };
 
         template <class E>
         inline size_t get_result_type_index(const E& e)
         {
-            return zresult_type<E>::get_index(e);
+            return zfunction_argument<E>::get_index(e);
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        inline const zarray_impl& get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl& z)
+        {
+            return zfunction_argument<E>::get_array_impl(e, z);
         }
     }
 
@@ -110,16 +117,16 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    std::size_t zfunction<F, CT...>::get_result_type_index() const
+    std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> zfunction<F, CT...>::allocate_result() const
     {
-        return get_result_type_index_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
+        std::size_t idx = get_result_type_index();
+        return std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(zarray_impl_register::instance()[idx].clone());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> zfunction<F, CT...>::allocate_result() const
+    std::size_t zfunction<F, CT...>::get_result_type_index() const
     {
-        std::size_t idx = get_result_type_index();
-        return std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(zarray_impl_register::instance()[idx].clone());
+        return get_result_type_index_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -140,7 +147,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t... I>
     inline zarray_impl& zfunction<F, CT...>::assign_to_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, zarray_impl& res) const
     {
-        dispatcher_type::dispatch(get_array_impl(std::get<I>(m_e), res)..., res);
+        dispatcher_type::dispatch(detail::get_array_impl(std::get<I>(m_e), res)..., res);
         return res;
     }
 }

From b2a6b185bbbf771e768f12f2c71ee092ef1bf8bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2020 09:32:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 090/606] zdispatcher refactoring

---
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp | 307 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp   |   9 +-
 2 files changed, 207 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
index 3fd3f5fed..8994df631 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
@@ -49,50 +49,31 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F>
     class zdouble_dispatcher
     {
-    private:
+    public:
 
-        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
-        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl>>;
-        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
-        
-        static ztype_dispatcher& type_dispatcher()
-        {
-            static ztype_dispatcher dispatcher;
-            return dispatcher;
-        }
+        template <class T, class R>
+        static void insert();
 
-        static zrun_dispatcher& run_dispatcher()
-        {
-            static zrun_dispatcher dispatcher;
-            return dispatcher;
-        }
+        static void init();
+        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res);
+        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1);
 
-    public:
+    private:
 
-        template <class T, class R>
-        static void insert()
-        {
-            using arg_type = const ztyped_array<T>;
-            using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
-            run_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T, R>);
-            type_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T>);
-        }
+        static zdouble_dispatcher& instance();
 
-        static void init()
-        {
-            insert<float, float>();
-            insert<double, double>();
-        }
+        zdouble_dispatcher();
+        ~zdouble_dispatcher() = default;
 
-        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res)
-        {
-            run_dispatcher().dispatch(z1, res);
-        }
+        template <class T, class R>
+        void insert_impl();
 
-        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1)
-        {
-            return type_dispatcher().dispatch(z1);
-        }
+        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
+        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl>>;
+        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
+        
+        ztype_dispatcher m_type_dispatcher;
+        zrun_dispatcher m_run_dispatcher;
    };
 
     /**********************
@@ -105,51 +86,31 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F>
     class ztriple_dispatcher
     {
-    private:
+    public:
 
-        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
-        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl>>;
-        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
-        
-        static ztype_dispatcher& type_dispatcher()
-        {
-            static ztype_dispatcher dispatcher;
-            return dispatcher;
-        }
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
+        static void insert();
 
-        static zrun_dispatcher& run_dispatcher()
-        {
-            static zrun_dispatcher dispatcher;
-            return dispatcher;
-        }
+        static void init();
+        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2, zarray_impl& res);
+        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2);
 
-    public:
+    private:
 
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
-        static void insert()
-        {
-            using arg_type1 = const ztyped_array<T1>;
-            using arg_type2 = const ztyped_array<T2>;
-            using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
-            run_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type1, arg_type2, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T1, T2, R>);
-            type_dispatcher().template insert<arg_type1, arg_type1>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T1, T2>);
-        }
+        static ztriple_dispatcher& instance();
 
-        static void init()
-        {
-            insert<float, float, float>();
-            insert<double, double, double>();
-        }
+        ztriple_dispatcher();
+        ~ztriple_dispatcher() = default;
 
-        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2, zarray_impl& res)
-        {
-            run_dispatcher().dispatch(z1, z2, res);
-        }
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
+        void insert_impl();
 
-        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2)
-        {
-            return type_dispatcher().dispatch(z1, z2);
-        }
+        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
+        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl>>;
+        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
+        
+        ztype_dispatcher m_type_dispatcher;
+        zrun_dispatcher m_run_dispatcher;
     };
 
     /***************
@@ -183,47 +144,181 @@ namespace xt
     public:
 
         template <class T>
-        void insert()
-        {
-            size_t& idx = ztyped_array<T>::get_class_static_index();
-            if (idx == SIZE_MAX)
-            {
-                m_register.resize(++m_next_index);
-                idx = m_register.size() - 1u;
-
-            }
-            else if (m_register.size() <= idx)
-            {
-                m_register.resize(idx + 1u);
-            }
-            m_register[idx] = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(detail::build_zarray(std::move(xarray<T>())));
-        }
+        static void insert();
 
-        const zarray_impl& operator[](size_t index) const
-        {
-            return *(m_register[index]);
-        }
-
-        static zarray_impl_register& instance()
-        {
-            static zarray_impl_register r;
-            return r;
-        }
+        static void init();
+        static const zarray_impl& get(size_t index);
 
     private:
 
-        zarray_impl_register()
-            : m_next_index(0)
-        {
-            insert<float>();
-            insert<double>();
-        }
+        static zarray_impl_register& instance();
+
+        zarray_impl_register();
+        ~zarray_impl_register() = default;
+
+        template <class T>
+        void insert_impl();
 
         size_t m_next_index;
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>> m_register;
     };
 
+    /*************************************
+     * zdouble_dispatcher implementation *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T, class R>
+    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::insert()
+    {
+        instance().template insert_impl<T, R>();
+    }
+    
+    template <class F>
+    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::init()
+    {
+        instance();
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res)
+    {
+        instance().m_run_dispatcher.dispatch(z1, res);
+    }
+    
+    template <class F>
+    inline size_t zdouble_dispatcher<F>::get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1)
+    {
+        return instance().m_type_dispatcher.dispatch(z1);
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline zdouble_dispatcher<F>& zdouble_dispatcher<F>::instance()
+    {
+        static zdouble_dispatcher<F> inst;
+        return inst;
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline zdouble_dispatcher<F>::zdouble_dispatcher()
+    {
+        insert_impl<float, float>();
+        insert_impl<double, double>();
+    }
 
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T, class R>
+    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::insert_impl()
+    {
+        using arg_type = const ztyped_array<T>;
+        using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
+        m_run_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T, R>);
+        m_type_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T>);
+    }
+
+    /*************************************
+     * ztriple_dispatcher implementation *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T1, class T2, class R>
+    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::insert()
+    {
+        instance().template insert_impl<T1, T2, R>();
+    }
+    
+    template <class F>
+    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::init()
+    {
+        instance();
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2, zarray_impl& res)
+    {
+        instance().m_run_dispatcher.dispatch(z1, z2, res);
+    }
+    
+    template <class F>
+    inline size_t ztriple_dispatcher<F>::get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2)
+    {
+        return instance().m_type_dispatcher.dispatch(z1, z2);
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline ztriple_dispatcher<F>& ztriple_dispatcher<F>::instance()
+    {
+        static ztriple_dispatcher<F> inst;
+        return inst;
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline ztriple_dispatcher<F>::ztriple_dispatcher()
+    {
+        insert_impl<float, float, float>();
+        insert_impl<double, double, double>();
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T1, class T2, class R>
+    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::insert_impl()
+    {
+        using arg_type1 = const ztyped_array<T1>;
+        using arg_type2 = const ztyped_array<T2>;
+        using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
+        m_run_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type1, arg_type2, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T1, T2, R>);
+        m_type_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type1, arg_type1>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T1, T2>);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************
+     * zarray_impl_register implementation *
+     ***************************************/
+
+    template <class T>
+    inline void zarray_impl_register::insert()
+    {
+        instance().template insert_impl<T>();
+    }
+
+    inline void zarray_impl_register::init()
+    {
+        instance();
+    }
+
+    inline const zarray_impl& zarray_impl_register::get(size_t index)
+    {
+        return *(instance().m_register[index]);
+    }
+
+    inline zarray_impl_register& zarray_impl_register::instance()
+    {
+        static zarray_impl_register r;
+        return r;
+    }
+        
+    inline zarray_impl_register::zarray_impl_register()
+        : m_next_index(0)
+    {
+        insert_impl<float>();
+        insert_impl<double>();
+    }
+    
+    template <class T>
+    inline void zarray_impl_register::insert_impl()
+    {
+        size_t& idx = ztyped_array<T>::get_class_static_index();
+        if (idx == SIZE_MAX)
+        {
+            m_register.resize(++m_next_index);
+            idx = m_register.size() - 1u;
+
+        }
+        else if (m_register.size() <= idx)
+        {
+            m_register.resize(idx + 1u);
+        }
+        m_register[idx] = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(detail::build_zarray(std::move(xarray<T>())));
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
index 4af97b543..0f6fb55ea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace xt
     std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> zfunction<F, CT...>::allocate_result() const
     {
         std::size_t idx = get_result_type_index();
-        return std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(zarray_impl_register::instance()[idx].clone());
+        return std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(zarray_impl_register::get(idx).clone());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -139,8 +139,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t... I>
     std::size_t zfunction<F, CT...>::get_result_type_index_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const
     {
-        auto& reg = zarray_impl_register::instance();
-        return dispatcher_type::get_type_index(reg[detail::get_result_type_index(std::get<I>(m_e))]...);
+        return dispatcher_type::get_type_index(
+                zarray_impl_register::get(
+                    detail::get_result_type_index(std::get<I>(m_e))
+                )...
+               );
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>

From cba98446c3dfdc35323e3f03d2e130a2e77b5907 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2020 11:57:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 091/606] Populated zfunctors

---
 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp | 200 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 test/test_zarray.cpp      |   2 +-
 2 files changed, 153 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
index 0d1d0e758..5d4c7b92a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
@@ -33,60 +33,164 @@ namespace xt
     template <class XF>
     using get_zmapped_functor_t = typename get_zmapped_functor<XF>::type;
 
-/*#define DEFINE_ZFUNCTOR_MAPPING(XF, ZF) \
-    template <>                         \
-    struct get_zmapped_functor<XF>      \
-    { using type = ZF; }
-*/
-    struct zadd
-    {
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
-        static void run(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,
-                        const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,
-                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)
-        {
-            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), z1.get_array() + z2.get_array());
-        }
+#define XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZFUN, XFUN)                                        \
+    template <>                                                                    \
+    struct get_zmapped_functor<XFUN>                                               \
+    { using type = ZFUN; }
 
-        template <class T1, class T2>
-        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T1>&, const ztyped_array<T2>&)
-        {
-            using result_type = ztyped_array<decltype(std::declval<T1>() + std::declval<T2>())>;
-            return result_type::get_class_static_index();
-        }
-    };
+#define XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(ZNAME, XOP, XFUN)                                  \
+    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
+    {                                                                              \
+        template <class T, class  R>                                               \
+        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z, const ztyped_array<R>& zres)     \
+        {                                                                          \
+            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), XOP z.get_array());             \
+        }                                                                          \
+        template <class T>                                                         \
+        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T>&)                                \
+        {                                                                          \
+            using result_type = ztyped_array<decltype(XOP std::declval<T>())>;     \
+            return result_type::get_class_static_index();                          \
+        }                                                                          \
+    };                                                                             \
+    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
 
-    template <>
-    struct get_zmapped_functor<detail::plus>
-    {
-        using type = zadd;
-    };
+#define ZCONCAT(X, Y) X Y
+#define XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(ZNAME, XOP, XFUN)                                 \
+    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
+    {                                                                              \
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R>                                     \
+        static void run(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,                                \
+                        const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,                                \
+                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)                                     \
+        {                                                                          \
+            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(),                                 \
+                                 z1.get_array() XOP z2.get_array());               \
+        }                                                                          \
+        template <class T1, class T2>                                              \
+        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T1>&, const ztyped_array<T2>&)      \
+        {                                                                          \
+            using result_type =                                                    \
+                ztyped_array<decltype(std::declval<T1>() XOP std::declval<T2>())>; \
+            return result_type::get_class_static_index();                          \
+        }                                                                          \
+    };                                                                             \
+    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
 
-    //DEFINE_ZFUNCTOR_MAPPING((detail::plus), zadd);
+#define XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ZNAME, XEXP, XFUN)                                  \
+    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
+    {                                                                              \
+        template <class T, class R>                                                \
+        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z,                                  \
+                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)                                     \
+        {                                                                          \
+            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), XEXP(z.get_array()));           \
+        }                                                                          \
+        template <class T>                                                         \
+        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T>&)                                \
+        {                                                                          \
+            using value_type = decltype(std::declval<XFUN>()(std::declval<T>()));  \
+            return ztyped_array<value_type>::get_class_static_index();             \
+        }                                                                          \
+    };                                                                             \
+    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
 
-    struct zexp
-    {
-        template <class T, class R>
-        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z,
-                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)
-        {
-            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), xt::exp(z.get_array()));
-        }
+#define XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(ZNAME, XEXP, XFUN)                                 \
+    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
+    {                                                                              \
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R>                                     \
+        static void run(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,                                \
+                        const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,                                \
+                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)                                     \
+        {                                                                          \
+            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(),                                 \
+                                 XEXP(z1.get_array(), z2.get_array()));            \
+        }                                                                          \
+        template <class T1, class T2>                                              \
+        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T1>&, const ztyped_array<T2>&)      \
+        {                                                                          \
+            using value_type = decltype(                                           \
+                std::declval<XFUN>()(std::declval<T1>(), std::declval<T2>()));     \
+            return ztyped_array<value_type>::get_class_static_index();             \
+        }                                                                          \
+    };                                                                             \
+    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
 
-        template <class T>
-        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T>&)
-        {
-            using value_type = decltype(std::declval<math::exp_fun>()(std::declval<T>()));
-            return ztyped_array<value_type>::get_class_static_index();
-        }
-    };
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(zidentity, +, detail::identity);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(znegate, -, detail::negate);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zplus, +, detail::plus);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zminus, -, detail::minus);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zmultiuplies, *, detail::multiplies);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zdivides, /, detail::divides);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zmodulus, %, detail::modulus);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zlogical_or, ||, detail::logical_or);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zlogical_and, &&, detail::logical_and);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(zlogical_not, !, detail::logical_not);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_or, |, detail::bitwise_or);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_and, &, detail::bitwise_and);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_xor, ^, detail::bitwise_xor);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_not, ~, detail::bitwise_not);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zleft_shift, <<, detail::left_shift);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zright_shift, >>, detail::right_shift);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zless, <, detail::less);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zless_equal, <=, detail::less_equal);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zgreater, >, detail::greater);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zgreater_equal, >=, detail::greater_equal);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zequal_to, ==, detail::equal_to);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(znot_equal_to, !=, detail::not_equal_to);
+
+
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfabs, xt::fabs, math::fabs_fun);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfmod, xt::fmod, math::fmod_fun);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zremainder, xt::remainder, math::remainder_fun);
+    //XTENSOR_TERNARY_ZFUNCTOR(fma);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfmax, xt::fmax, math::fmax_fun);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfmin, xt::fmin, math::fmin_fun);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfdim, xt::fdim, math::fdim_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zexp, xt::exp, math::exp_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zexp2, xt::exp2, math::exp2_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zexpm1, xt::expm1, math::expm1_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog, xt::log, math::log_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog10, xt::log10, math::log10_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog2, xt::log2, math::log2_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog1p, xt::log1p, math::log1p_fun);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zpow, xt::pow, math::pow_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zsqrt, xt::sqrt, math::sqrt_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zcbrt, xt::cbrt, math::cbrt_fun);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zhypot, xt::hypot, math::hypot_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zsin, xt::sin, math::sin_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zcos, xt::cos, math::cos_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztan, xt::tan, math::tan_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zasin, xt::asin, math::asin_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zacos, xt::acos, math::acos_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zatan, xt::atan, math::atan_fun);
+    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zatan2, xt::atan2, math::atan2_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zsinh, xt::sinh, math::sinh_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zcosh, xt::cosh, math::cosh_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztanh, xt::tanh, math::tanh_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zasinh, xt::asinh, math::asinh_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zacosh, xt::acosh, math::acosh_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zatanh, xt::atanh, math::atanh_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zerf, xt::erf, math::erf_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zerfc, xt::erfc, math::erfc_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztgamma, xt::tgamma, math::tgamma_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlgamma, xt::lgamma, math::lgamma_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zceil, xt::ceil, math::ceil_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfloor, xt::floor, math::floor_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztrunc, xt::trunc, math::trunc_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zround, xt::round, math::round_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(znearbyint, xt::nearbyint, math::nearbyint_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zrint, xt::rint, math::rint_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisfinite, xt::isfinite, math::isfinite_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisinf, xt::isinf, math::isinf_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisnan, xt::isnan, math::isnan_fun);
+
+#undef XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR
+#undef XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR
+#undef XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR
+#undef XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR
+#undef XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR
 
-    template <>
-    struct get_zmapped_functor<math::exp_fun>
-    {
-        using type = zexp;
-    };
-    //DEFINE_ZFUNCTOR_MAPPING((math::exp_fun), zexp);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index ab6f70e82..9741af8d1 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace xt
         zarray zb(b);
         zarray zres(res);
 
-        zfunction_type f(zadd(), za, nested_zfunction_type(zexp(), zb));
+        zfunction_type f(zplus(), za, nested_zfunction_type(zexp(), zb));
         f.assign_to(zres.get_implementation());
 
         auto expected = xarray<double>::from_shape({2, 2});

From 93bb1404b7b7ba6056eaf664b2e4dc904cdbe3a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2020 16:26:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 092/606] Explicit call to dispatchers initialization

---
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp       |   2 +-
 2 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
index 8994df631..70cd756e7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
@@ -163,6 +163,19 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>> m_register;
     };
 
+    /****************
+     * init_zsystem *
+     ****************/
+
+    // Early initialization of all dispatchers
+    // and zarray_impl_register
+    // return int so it can be assigned to a 
+    // static variable and be automatically
+    // called when loading a shared library
+    // for instance.
+
+    int init_zsystem();
+
     /*************************************
      * zdouble_dispatcher implementation *
      *************************************/
@@ -319,6 +332,96 @@ namespace xt
         }
         m_register[idx] = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(detail::build_zarray(std::move(xarray<T>())));
     }
+
+    /*******************************
+     * init_zsystem implementation *
+     *******************************/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        inline void init_zdispatchers()
+        {
+            zdispatcher_t<identity, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<negate, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<plus, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<minus, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<multiplies, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<divides, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<modulus, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<logical_or, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<logical_and, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<logical_not, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_or, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_and, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_xor, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_not, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<left_shift, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<right_shift, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<less, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<less_equal, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<greater, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<greater_equal, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<equal_to, 2>::init();
+            //zdispatcher_t<not_equal_to, 2>::init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace math
+    {
+        inline void init_zdispatchers()
+        {
+            zdispatcher_t<fabs_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<fmod_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<remainder_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<fmax_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<fmin_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<fdim_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<exp_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<exp2_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<expm1_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<log_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<log10_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<log2_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<log1p_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<pow_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<sqrt_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<cbrt_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<hypot_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<sin_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<cos_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<tan_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<asin_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<acos_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<atan_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<atan2_fun, 2>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<sinh_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<cosh_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<tanh_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<asinh_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<acosh_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<atanh_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<erf_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<erfc_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<tgamma_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<lgamma_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<ceil_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<floor_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<trunc_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<round_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<nearbyint_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<rint_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<isfinite_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<isinf_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<isnan_fun, 1>::init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline int init_zsystem()
+    {
+        detail::init_zdispatchers();
+        math::init_zdispatchers();
+        return 0;
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
index 5d4c7b92a..24f1ff1b9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace xt
     struct ZNAME                                                                   \
     {                                                                              \
         template <class T, class  R>                                               \
-        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z, const ztyped_array<R>& zres)     \
+        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z, ztyped_array<R>& zres)           \
         {                                                                          \
             detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), XOP z.get_array());             \
         }                                                                          \

From 6976c9634ea031fb2084027c0714df5ba5faaae2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2020 11:24:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 093/606] [docs] Running spell-check

---
 docs/source/bindings.rst          | 2 +-
 docs/source/builder.rst           | 4 ++--
 docs/source/closure-semantics.rst | 4 ++--
 docs/source/compilers.rst         | 4 ++--
 docs/source/container.rst         | 6 +++---
 docs/source/dev-build-options.rst | 4 ++--
 docs/source/expression.rst        | 2 +-
 docs/source/histogram.rst         | 2 +-
 docs/source/indices.rst           | 4 ++--
 docs/source/view.rst              | 2 +-
 10 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/bindings.rst b/docs/source/bindings.rst
index 52180d89d..6397f61a3 100644
--- a/docs/source/bindings.rst
+++ b/docs/source/bindings.rst
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ Conclusion
 
 Each solution has its pros and cons and choosing one of them should be done according to the flexibility you want to
 impose on your API and the constraints you are imposed by the implementation. For instance, a method that requires a
-lot of typing in the bindings might not suit for libraries with a huge amount of functions to expose, while a full
+lot of typing in the bindings might not suit for libraries with a huge number of functions to expose, while a full
 generic API might be problematic if the implementation expects containers only. Below is a summary of the advantages
 and drawbacks of the different options:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/builder.rst b/docs/source/builder.rst
index d728c8811..418f85087 100644
--- a/docs/source/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/builder.rst
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ Joining expressions
 
 - ``concatenate(tuple, axis=0)``: concatenates a list of expressions along the given axis.
 - ``stack(tuple, axis=0)``: stacks a list of expressions along the given axis.
-- ``hstack(tuple)``: stacks expressions in seqeunce horizontally (i.e. column wise).
-- ``vstack(tuple)``: stacks expressions in seqeunce vertically (i.e. row wise).
+- ``hstack(tuple)``: stacks expressions in sequence horizontally (i.e. column-wise).
+- ``vstack(tuple)``: stacks expressions in sequence vertically (i.e. row wise).
 
 Random distributions
 --------------------
diff --git a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
index 47ecf850f..af0de8d34 100644
--- a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
+++ b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The two main requirements are the following:
 It is important for the closure type not to be a reference when the passed argument is an rvalue, which can result in dangling references.
 
 Following the conventions of the C++ standard library for naming type traits, we provide two type traits classes providing an implementation of these rules
-in the ``xutils.hpp`` header, ``closure_type``, and ``const_closure_type``. The latter adds the const qualifier to the reference even when the provided argument is not const.
+in the ``xutils.hpp`` header, ``closure_type``, and ``const_closure_type``. The latter adds the ``const`` qualifier to the reference even when the provided argument is not const.
 
 .. code:: cpp
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ upon access or assignment.
 
 - In order to perform the division, the expression must hold the values or references on the numerator and denominator.
 - Since ``s`` is a local variable, it will be destroyed upon leaving the scope of the function, and more importantly, it is an *lvalue*.
-- A consequence of ``s`` being an lvalue and a local variable, is that the ``s / value_type(size)`` would end up holding a dangling const reference on ``s``.
+- A consequence of ``s`` being an lvalue and a local variable, is that the ``s / value_type(size)`` would end up holding a dangling ``const`` reference on ``s``.
 - Hence we must call return ``std::move(s) / value_type(size)``.
 
 The other place in this example where the C++ move semantics is used is the line ``s = sum(std::forward<E>(e))``. The goal is to have the unevaluated ``s`` expression
diff --git a/docs/source/compilers.rst b/docs/source/compilers.rst
index 1a6bf31b2..a98c514d4 100644
--- a/docs/source/compilers.rst
+++ b/docs/source/compilers.rst
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ definition.
 Visual Studio 2017 (15.7.1) seeing declarations as extra overloads
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-In ``xvectorize.hpp``, Visual Studio 15.7.1 sees the forward declaration of ``vectorize(E&&)`` as a separate ovarload.
+In ``xvectorize.hpp``, Visual Studio 15.7.1 sees the forward declaration of ``vectorize(E&&)`` as a separate overload.
 
 Visual Studio 2017 double non-class parameter pack expansion
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ In this case, we polyfill the proper standard names using the deprecated
 ``std::has_trivial_default_constructor``. This must also be done when the
 compiler is clang when it makes use of the GCC implementation of the STL,
 which is the default behavior on linux. Properly detecting the version of the
-GCC STL used by clang cannot be done with the ``__GNUC__``  macro, which are
+GCC STL used by clang cannot be done with the ``__GNUC__``  macro, which is
 overridden by clang. Instead, we check for the definition of the macro
 ``_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI`` which is only defined with GCC versions greater than
 ``5``.
diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index 68640679b..400f28c1c 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ A multi-dimensional array of `xtensor` consists of a contiguous one-dimensional
 unsigned integers to the location of an element in the buffer. The range in which the indices can vary is specified by the
 `shape` of the array.
 
-The scheme used to map indices into a location in the buffer is a strided indexing scheme. In such a scheme, the index ``(i0, ..., in)`` corresponds to the offset ``sum(ik * sk)`` from the beginning of the one-dimensional buffer, where ``(s0, ..., sn)`` are the `strides` of the array. Some particular cases of strided schemes implement well known memory layouts:
+The scheme used to map indices into a location in the buffer is a strided indexing scheme. In such a scheme, the index ``(i0, ..., in)`` corresponds to the offset ``sum(ik * sk)`` from the beginning of the one-dimensional buffer, where ``(s0, ..., sn)`` are the `strides` of the array. Some particular cases of strided schemes implement well-known memory layouts:
 
 - the row-major layout (or C layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from right to left
 - the column-major layout (or Fortran layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from left to right
 
-``xtensor`` provides a ``layout_type`` enum that helps to specify the layout used by multi-dimensional arrays. This enum can be used in two ways:
+``xtensor`` provides a ``layout_type`` enum that helps to specify the layout used by multidimensional arrays. This enum can be used in two ways:
 
 - at compile time, as a template argument. The value ``layout_type::dynamic`` allows specifying any strided index scheme at runtime (including row-major and column-major schemes), while ``layout_type::row_major`` and ``layout_type::column_major`` fixes the strided index scheme and disable ``resize`` and constructor overloads taking a set of strides or a layout value as parameter. The default value of the template parameter is ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT``.
 - at runtime if the previous template parameter was set to ``layout_type::dynamic``. In that case, ``resize`` and constructor overloads allow specifying a set of strides or a layout value to avoid strides computation. If neither strides nor layout is specified when instantiating or resizing a multi-dimensional array, strides corresponding to ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT`` are used.
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ However, in the latter case, the layout of the array is forced to ``row_major``
 Runtime vs Compile-time dimensionality
 --------------------------------------
 
-Three container classes implementing multi-dimensional arrays are provided: ``xarray`` and ``xtensor`` and ``xtensor_fixed``.
+Three container classes implementing multidimensional arrays are provided: ``xarray`` and ``xtensor`` and ``xtensor_fixed``.
 
 - ``xarray`` can be reshaped dynamically to any number of dimensions. It is the container that is the most similar to numpy arrays.
 - ``xtensor`` has a dimension set at compilation time, which enables many optimizations. For example, shapes and strides
diff --git a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
index 5d3791390..e662324a8 100644
--- a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Build
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_TBB``: enables parallel assignment loop. This requires that you have you have tbb_ installed
   on your system.
-- ``XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP``: enables parallel assignment loop using OpenMP. This requires that OpenMP is avaliable on your system.
+- ``XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP``: enables parallel assignment loop using OpenMP. This requires that OpenMP is available on your system.
 
 All these options are disabled by default. Enabling ``DOWNLOAD_GTEST`` or
 setting ``GTEST_SRC_DIR`` enables ``BUILD_TESTS``.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ including any of its header. Here is a list of available macros:
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_TBB``: enables parallel assignment loop. This requires that you have you have tbb_ installed
   on your system.
-- ``XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP``: enables parallel assignment loop using OpenMP. This requires that OpenMP is avaliable on your system.
+- ``XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP``: enables parallel assignment loop using OpenMP. This requires that OpenMP is available on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER(T, A)``: defines the type used as the default data container for tensors and arrays. ``T``
   is the ``value_type`` of the container and ``A`` its ``allocator_type``.
 - ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(T, EA, SA)``: defines the type used as the default shape container for tensors and arrays.
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index 5d4bef4ce..67a80de02 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ You can access the elements of any ``xexpression`` with ``operator()``:
 It is possible to call ``operator()`` with fewer or more arguments than the number of dimensions
 of the expression:
 
-- if ``operator()`` is called with too many arguments, we drops the most left ones
+- if ``operator()`` is called with too many arguments, we drop the most left ones
 - if ``operator()`` is called with too few arguments, we prepend them with ``0`` values until
   we match the number of dimensions
 
diff --git a/docs/source/histogram.rst b/docs/source/histogram.rst
index f42b6a7d5..ea5f07f9a 100644
--- a/docs/source/histogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/histogram.rst
@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@ The following algorithms are available:
 
 *   ``logspace``: bins that logarithmically increase in size.
 
-*   ``uniform``: bin-edges such that the number of data-points is the same in all bins (as much as possible).
+*   ``uniform``: bin-edges such that the number of data points is the same in all bins (as much as possible).
diff --git a/docs/source/indices.rst b/docs/source/indices.rst
index 19683a4f6..a4f1a0af1 100644
--- a/docs/source/indices.rst
+++ b/docs/source/indices.rst
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ To print the ``std::vector``, it is converted to a ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 2>`` ar
 From array indices to flat indices
 ----------------------------------
 
-To convert the array indices to a ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 1>`` of flat indices, ``xt::ravel_indices`` can be used. For to same example:
+To convert the array indices to a ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 1>`` of flat indices, ``xt::ravel_indices`` can be used. For the same example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ For 1-D arrays the array indices and flat indices coincide. One can use the gene
         std::cout << xt::view(a, xt::keep(idx)) << std::endl;
     }
 
-which print the indices and the selection (which are in this case identical):
+which prints the indices and the selection (which are in this case identical):
 
 .. code-block:: none
 
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index 1d280e1bd..6f2144600 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ The ``xstrided_view`` is very efficient on contigous memory (e.g. ``xtensor`` or
 Transposed views
 ----------------
 
-``xtensor`` provides a lazy transposed view on any expression, whose layout is either row major order or column major order. Trying to build
+``xtensor`` provides a lazy transposed view on any expression, whose layout is either row-major order or column major order. Trying to build
 a transposed view on a expression with a dynamic layout throws an exception.
 
 .. code::

From abf65127891b0f9574d3522e2ad607ba22441219 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2020 12:27:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 094/606] Fixing various compiler warnings

---
 include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 10 +++----
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp                | 35 ++++++++++++++++--------
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp       |  4 +--
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
index 1c8d108e8..0329a767f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @param e the expession to iterate over
      * @param axis the axis to iterate over
-     * @return an instance of xaxis_slice_iterator 
+     * @return an instance of xaxis_slice_iterator
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto axis_slice_begin(E&& e, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type axis)
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @param e the expession to iterate over
      * @param axis the axis to iterate over
-     * @return an instance of xaxis_slice_iterator 
+     * @return an instance of xaxis_slice_iterator
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto axis_slice_end(E&& e, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type axis)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index aa491dc76..ee7cde766 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using is_stored = std::false_type;
 
-            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
+            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>&)
             {
                 return "";
             }
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template<class E>
-    constexpr bool is_stored(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    constexpr bool is_stored(const xexpression<E>&)
     {
         using return_type = typename detail::file_helper<E>::is_stored;
         return return_type::value;
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference 
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
     {
         return reference(m_storage(idxs...), m_dirty);
     }
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::storage() const noexcept -> const storage_type& 
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::storage() const noexcept -> const storage_type&
     {
         return m_storage;
     }
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::data_element(size_type i) -> reference 
+    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::data_element(size_type i) -> reference
     {
         return reference(m_storage.data_element(i), m_dirty);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 88a39409c..f4a3f5e84 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1882,6 +1882,9 @@ namespace detail {
      * \em axes.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the product is computed (optional)
+     * @param ddof delta degrees of freedom (optional).
+     *             The divisor used in calculations is N - ddof, where N represents the number of
+                   elements. By default ddof is zero.
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
@@ -1909,26 +1912,32 @@ namespace detail {
         {
             // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
             // std::plus<double>.
-            const auto size = e.size();
+            using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
+            const size_type size = e.size();
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(static_cast<size_type>(ddof) <= size);
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
-            return mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - ddof);
+            return mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
         }
 
 #ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
         template <class T, class E, class I, class D, class EVS>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
-            const auto size = e.size();
+            using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
+            const size_type size = e.size();
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(static_cast<size_type>(ddof) <= size);
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - ddof);
+            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
         }
 #else
         template <class T, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
-            const auto size = e.size();
+            using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
+            const size_type size = e.size();
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(static_cast<size_type>(ddof) <= size);
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - ddof);
+            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
         }
 #endif
 
@@ -2116,7 +2125,9 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the variance is computed (optional)
-     * @param ddof delta degrees of freedom (optional)
+     * @param ddof delta degrees of freedom (optional).
+     *             The divisor used in calculations is N - ddof, where N represents the number of
+                   elements. By default ddof is zero.
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      *
@@ -2947,13 +2958,13 @@ namespace detail {
     template<class E1, class E2, class E3, typename T>
     inline auto interp(const E1 &x, const E2 &xp, const E3 &fp, T left, T right)
     {
-        using size_type = common_size_type_t<E1,E2,E3>;
+        using size_type = common_size_type_t<E1, E2, E3>;
         using value_type = typename E3::value_type;
 
         // basic checks
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT( xp.dimension() == 1 );
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT( std::is_sorted(x.cbegin(), x.cend()) );
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT( std::is_sorted(xp.cbegin(), xp.cend()) );
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(xp.dimension() == 1);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(x.cbegin(), x.cend()));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(xp.cbegin(), xp.cend()));
 
         // allocate output
         auto f = xtensor<value_type, 1>::from_shape(x.shape());
@@ -3055,7 +3066,7 @@ namespace detail {
                 return covar;
             }
 
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT( x.dimension() == 2 );
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(x.dimension() == 2);
 
             auto covar = eval(zeros<value_type>({ s[0], s[0] }));
             auto m = eval(mean(x, {1}));
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
index 3addadb5b..4d51fbf98 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -178,14 +178,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
             {
-                out(i) = std::lower_bound(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), v(i)) - a.cbegin();
+                out(i) = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::lower_bound(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), v(i)) - a.cbegin());
             }
         }
         else
         {
             for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
             {
-                out(i) = std::upper_bound(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), v(i)) - a.cbegin();
+                out(i) = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::upper_bound(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), v(i)) - a.cbegin());
             }
         }
 

From 540843802f16e15f4bb636be2de661c472fc5e42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 19:19:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 095/606] Adding rank member to allow sfinae based on rank

---
 docs/source/index.rst       |  1 +
 docs/source/sfinae.rst      | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp  |  1 +
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp  |  7 +--
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp |  3 +-
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp  | 13 ++++++
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp   |  1 +
 test/CMakeLists.txt         |  1 +
 test/test_sfinae.cpp        | 90 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 190 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/sfinae.rst
 create mode 100644 test/test_sfinae.cpp

diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 2a9d4b34d..f8556bc70 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ for details.
    missing
    histogram
    random
+   sfinae
    file_loading
    build-options
    pitfall
diff --git a/docs/source/sfinae.rst b/docs/source/sfinae.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cfc4a254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/sfinae.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+.. _histogram:
+
+SFINAE
+======
+
+Rank overload
+-------------
+
+All `xtensor`'s classes have a member ``rank`` that can be used
+to overload based on rank using *SFINAE*.
+Consider the following example:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline E foo(E&& a)
+    {
+        ... // act on object of flexible rank, or fixed rank != 2
+    }
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline E foo(E&& a)
+    {
+        ... // act on object of fixed rank == 2
+    }
+
+    TEST(sfinae, rank_basic)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> b = {9, 9};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+
+        foo(a); // flexible rank -> first overload
+        foo(b); // fixed rank == 2 -> first overload
+        foo(c); // fixed rank == 2 -> second overload
+    }
+
+.. note::
+
+    If one wants to test for more than a single value for ``rank``,
+    one can use the default value ``SIZE_MAX`` used for flexible rank objects.
+    For example, one could have the following overloads:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        // flexible rank
+        template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, SIZE_MAX>::value, int> = 0>
+        inline E foo(E&& a);
+
+        // fixed rank == 1
+        template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 1>::value, int> = 0>
+        inline E foo(E&& a);
+
+        // fixed rank == 2
+        template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+        inline E foo(E&& a);
+
+    Note that fixed ranks other than 1 and 2 will raise a compiler error.
+
+    Of course, if one wants a more limited scope, one could also do the following:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        // flexible rank
+        inline void foo(xt::xarray<double>& a);
+
+        // fixed rank == 1
+        inline void foo(xt::xtensor<double,1>& a);
+
+        // fixed rank == 2
+        inline void foo(xt::xtensor<double,2>& a);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index 69bdb474e..173c70ce7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_backstrides_type = typename base_type::inner_backstrides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
+        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         xarray_container();
         explicit xarray_container(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l = L);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 26765f6ed..7835f9ea6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         /**************************************************************************************
-           The following is something we can currently only dream about -- for when we drop 
+           The following is something we can currently only dream about -- for when we drop
            support for a lot of the old compilers (e.g. GCC 4.9, MSVC 2017 ;)
 
         template <class T>
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ namespace xt
      * with tensor semantic and fixed dimension
      *
      * @tparam ET The type of the elements.
-     * @tparam S The xshape template paramter of the container. 
+     * @tparam S The xshape template paramter of the container.
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the tensor.
      * @tparam SH Wether the tensor can be used as a shared expression.
      * @tparam Tag The expression tag.
@@ -313,6 +313,7 @@ namespace xt
         using expression_tag = Tag;
 
         constexpr static std::size_t N = std::tuple_size<shape_type>::value;
+        constexpr static std::size_t rank = N;
 
         xfixed_container() = default;
         xfixed_container(const value_type& v);
@@ -616,7 +617,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Allocates an xfixed_container with shape S with values from a C array.
-     * The type returned by get_init_type_t is raw C array ``value_type[X][Y][Z]`` for ``xt::xshape<X, Y, Z>``. 
+     * The type returned by get_init_type_t is raw C array ``value_type[X][Y][Z]`` for ``xt::xshape<X, Y, Z>``.
      * C arrays can be initialized with the initializer list syntax, but the size is checked at compile
      * time to prevent errors.
      * Note: for clang < 3.8 this is an initializer_list and the size is not checked at compile-or runtime.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 8f347e328..483545eb0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_strides_type = typename base_type::inner_strides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
+        constexpr static std::size_t rank = N;
 
         xtensor_container();
         xtensor_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t);
@@ -759,7 +760,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::fill(m_storage.begin(), m_storage.end(), e);
         return *this;
     }
-    
+
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     inline auto xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>::storage_impl() noexcept -> storage_type&
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index fda1b8395..d0ddda942 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -857,6 +857,19 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class ST>
     using inner_reference_t = typename inner_reference<ST>::type;
+
+    /************
+     * has_rank *
+     ************/
+
+    template <class E, size_t N>
+    struct has_rank
+    {
+        using type = std::integral_constant<bool, std::decay_t<E>::rank == N>;
+    };
+
+    template <class E, size_t N>
+    using has_rank_t = typename has_rank<std::decay_t<E>, N>::type;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 911b84d05..3aee09fc9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         using container_iterator = pointer;
         using const_container_iterator = const_pointer;
+        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         // The FSL argument prevents the compiler from calling this constructor
         // instead of the copy constructor when sizeof...(SL) == 0.
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index e64618b14..9c15c1ea2 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
     test_extended_xsort.cpp
     test_xchunked_array.cpp
+    test_sfinae.cpp
 )
 
 if(nlohmann_json_FOUND)
diff --git a/test/test_sfinae.cpp b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b08455929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <complex>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+// #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline E sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&& a)
+    {
+        E b = a;
+        b.fill(0);
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline E sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&& a)
+    {
+        E b = a;
+        b.fill(2);
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    TEST(sfinae, rank_basic)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{9, 9, 9}, {9, 9, 9}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> b = {9, 9};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+        // xt::xtensor_fixed<size_t, xt::xshape<2, 2>> d = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+        auto v = xt::view(c, 0, xt::all());
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(a), 0ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(b), 0ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(c), 2ul)));
+        // EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(d), 2ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(v), 0ul)));
+    }
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, SIZE_MAX>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline E sfinae_rank_func(E&& a)
+    {
+        E b = a;
+        b.fill(0);
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 1>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline E sfinae_rank_func(E&& a)
+    {
+        E b = a;
+        b.fill(1);
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline E sfinae_rank_func(E&& a)
+    {
+        E b = a;
+        b.fill(2);
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    TEST(sfinae, rank)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{9, 9, 9}, {9, 9, 9}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> b = {9, 9};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+        // xt::xtensor_fixed<size_t, xt::xshape<2, 2>> d = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+        auto v = xt::view(c, 0, xt::all());
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(a), 0ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(b), 1ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(c), 2ul)));
+        // EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(d), 2ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(v), 0ul)));
+    }
+}

From d0b55c294882cadef3dcd3f81b2c9b5248a527e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2020 18:03:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 096/606] Remove leftover

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 9de768e65..c374da60d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -160,7 +160,6 @@ namespace xt
             fname.append(std::to_string(*it));
         }
         path = m_directory + fname;
-        std::cout << path << std::endl;
     }
 
     /***************************************

From 62897f6744c191ce12ffdb27d78b56c525d52a85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2020 09:30:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 097/606] Removed conversion and initialization warnings

---
 include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xslice.hpp               |  4 ++--
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp          |  1 +
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp             |  8 ++++++++
 test/test_xreducer.cpp                   | 25 +++++++++++++-----------
 test/test_xview.cpp                      | 12 ++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
index 0329a767f..3f90d05c2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CTA>
     inline xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::xaxis_slice_iterator(CTA&& e, size_type axis, size_type index, size_type offset) :
         p_expression(get_storage_init<storing_type>(std::forward<CTA>(e))), m_index(index),
-        m_offset(offset), m_axis_stride(e.strides()[axis] * (e.shape()[axis] - 1)),
+        m_offset(offset), m_axis_stride(static_cast<size_type>(e.strides()[axis]) * (e.shape()[axis] - 1u)),
         m_lower_shape(0), m_upper_shape(0), m_iter_size(0), m_is_target_axis(false),
         m_sv(strided_view(std::forward<CT>(e), std::forward<shape_type>({ e.shape()[axis] }),
             std::forward<strides_type>({ e.strides()[axis] }), offset, e.layout()))
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index c374da60d..667bd18d2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::size_t i;
             if (it1 != m_index_pool.cend())
             {
-                i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it1);
+                i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it1));
                 return m_chunk_pool[i];
             }
             // if not, find a free chunk in the pool
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace xt
             const auto it2 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), empty_index);
             if (it2 != m_index_pool.cend())
             {
-                i = std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it2);
+                i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it2));
                 m_chunk_pool[i].set_path(path);
                 m_index_pool[i].resize(static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last)));
                 std::copy(first, last, m_index_pool[i].begin());
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 624ec8f83..73c09cb81 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -427,8 +427,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class Idx>
     inline std::pair<size_t, size_t> xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const
     {
-        size_t index_of_chunk = idx / m_chunk_shape[dim];
-        size_t index_in_chunk = idx - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
+        size_t index_of_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) / m_chunk_shape[dim];
+        size_t index_in_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
         return std::make_pair(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
index 2c34c100f..17eb55fa7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t sz = m_indices.size();
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
         {
-            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i] : m_raw_indices[i];
+            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<size_type>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i] : m_raw_indices[i];
         }
     }
 
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t sz = m_indices.size();
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
         {
-            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i] : m_raw_indices[i];
+            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<size_type>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i] : m_raw_indices[i];
         }
         size_type cum = size_type(0);
         size_type prev_cum = cum;
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index afcea8dcd..e5fe335da 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-conversion"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index ded72ea60..b9c532d86 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@
 ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 0e25f2197..ea82083d9 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -9,23 +9,25 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-conversion"
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#else
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#endif
 #include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#else
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#endif
 
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 
@@ -680,6 +682,7 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xtensor_fixed<float, xt::xshape<3>> a = {1, 2, 3}, b = {1, 2, 3};
         xt::xtensor<xt::xtensor_fixed<float, xt::xshape<3>>, 1> c = {a, b};
         auto res = xt::sum(c)();
-        EXPECT_EQ(res, a * 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(res, a * 2.);
     }
 }
+
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index 9120ea983..f0deda474 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,18 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
+// Workaround to avoid warnings regarding initialization
+// of distribution internal variables
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuninitialized"
+#include "xtensor/xgenerator.hpp"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#else
+#endif
+
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"

From 0934bafc73a7ab85f4d89b4ffaae3bb7cecb059a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 2020 18:26:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 098/606] zfiles namespace renamed

---
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp      | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/zassign.hpp     | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp   | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp       | 2 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt             | 1 -
 test/test_zarray.cpp            | 3 ++-
 8 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 8e299bc7b..2b07fb0ad 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include "zarray_impl.hpp"
 #include "zassign.hpp"
 
-namespace xt
+namespace zexperience
 {
 
     /**********
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
index d845f8e0b..829671789 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
 
-namespace xt
+namespace zexperience
 {
 
     /*************************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
index 36ca622a4..3546dbd4b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "xassign.hpp"
 #include "zarray_impl.hpp"
 
-namespace xt
+namespace zexperience
 {
     template <>
     class xexpression_assigner<zarray_expression_tag>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
index 70cd756e7..04e9573a4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "zmath.hpp"
 
-namespace xt
+namespace zexperience
 {
     namespace mpl = xtl::mpl;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
index 0f6fb55ea..046f68bc9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 #include "zdispatcher.hpp"
 
-namespace xt
+namespace zexperience
 {
     template <class F, class... CT>
     class zfunction : public xexpression<zfunction<F, CT...>>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
index 24f1ff1b9..47a598982 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "xmath.hpp"
 #include "zarray_impl.hpp"
 
-namespace xt
+namespace zexperience
 {
     namespace detail
     {
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 9c15c1ea2..cb96b6c22 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xview.cpp
     test_xview_semantic.cpp
     test_xutils.cpp
-    test_zarray.cpp
 )
 
 set(XTENSOR_TESTS
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index 9741af8d1..674e17c18 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 #include "xtensor/zfunction.hpp"
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-namespace xt
+namespace zexperience
 {
+    using namespace xt;
     TEST(zarray, value_semantics)
     {
         xarray<double> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};

From 9733efcfd4bd76115c822a03dd79fbea3bda6589 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 01:35:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 099/606] Release 0.21.6

---
 README.md                          |  3 +-
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ac34b6cf1..10fe9f240 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.16 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.21.6   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.4   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.3   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index b456e6f28..46d9edd0d 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,78 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.21.6
+------
+
+- Added implementation of ``isin`` and ``in1d``
+  `#2021 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2021>`_
+- Wrote single include header
+  `#2031 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2031>`_
+- Added details for ``xt::random`` to docs
+  `#2043 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2043>`_
+- Added ``digitize``, ``searchsorted``, and ``bin_items``
+  `#2037 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2037>`_
+- Fixed error with zero tensor size in ``xt::mean``
+  `#2047 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2047>`_
+- Fixed initialization order in ``xfunction``
+  `#2050 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2050>`_
+- ``adapt_smart_ptr`` overloads now accept STL-like container as shape
+  `#2052 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2052>`_
+- Added ``xchunked_array``
+  `#2076 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2076>`_
+- ``xchunked_array`` inherits from ``xiterable``
+  `#2082 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2082>`_
+- ``xchunked_array`` inherits from ``xcontainer_semantic``
+  `#2083 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2083>`_
+- Fixed assignment operator of ``xchunked_array``
+  `#2084 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2084>`_
+- Added constructors from ``xexpression`` and ``chunk_shape`` to ``xchunked_array``
+  `#2087 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2087>`_
+- Fixed chunk layout
+  `#2091 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2091>`_
+- Copy constructor gets expression's chunk_shape if it is chunked 
+  `#2092 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2092>`_
+- Replaced template parameter chunk_type with chunk_storage
+  `#2095 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2095>`_
+- Implemented on-disk chunked array 
+  `#2096 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2096>`_
+- Implemented chunk pool in xchunk_store_manager 
+  `#2099 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2099>`_
+- ``xfile_array`` is now an expression
+  `#2107 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2107>`_
+- ``xchunked_array`` code cleanup
+  `#2109 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2109>`_
+- ``xchunked_store_manager`` code cleanup
+  `#2110 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2110>`_
+- Refactored ``xfile_array``
+  `#2117 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2117>`_
+- Added simd accessors to ``xfil_array_container``
+  `#2118 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2118>`_
+- Abstracted file format through a formal class
+  `#2115 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2115>`_
+- Added ``xchunked_array`` extension template 
+  `#2122 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2122>`_
+- Refactored ``xdisk_io_handler``
+  `#2123 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2123>`_
+- Fixed exception for file write operation
+  `#2125 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2125>`_
+- Implemented ``zarray``
+  `#2127 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2127>`_
+- Implemented the skeleton of the dynamic expression system
+  `#2129 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2129>`_
+- Implemented zfunctions, equivalent of xfunction for dynamic expression system
+  `#2130 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2130>`_
+- Implemented ``allocate_result`` in ``zfunction``
+  `#2132 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2132>`_
+- Implemented assign mechanism for ``zarray``
+  `#2133 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2133>`_
+- Added xindex_path to transform indexes into path
+  `#2131 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2131>`_
+- Fixing various compiler warnings
+  `#2145 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2145>`_
+- Removed conversion and initialization warnings
+  `#2141 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2141>`_
+
 0.21.5
 ------
 
@@ -35,7 +107,6 @@ Changelog
 - Initialized all members of ``xfunciton_cache_impl``
   `#2026 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2026>`_
 
-
 0.21.4
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index ce388ff0a..d3c2bcebc 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.21.5
+  - xtensor=0.21.6
   - xtensor-blas=0.17.2
   - xeus-cling=0.8.1
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 271cfd1a2..e19dd6100 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6-dev
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6
 
 // DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
 #ifdef __clang__

From b36068dfa3aa31c1c078c574e731ca50e25ed4c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2020 05:44:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 100/606] Removed zheaders from single header

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 82581339c..fd04854e1 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -316,7 +316,13 @@ list(REMOVE_ITEM XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE
     xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
     xtensor/xjson.hpp
     xtensor/xmime.hpp
-    xtensor/xnpy.hpp)
+    xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+    xtensor/zarray.hpp
+    xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+    xtensor/zassign.hpp
+    xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+    xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+    xtensor/zmath.hpp)
 
 PREPEND(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#include <" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
 POSTFIX(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ">" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})

From 15603d4f226ea244ef154724909eb5cc4cf0e998 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 2020 11:37:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 101/606] Adding get_rank and has_fixed_rank

---
 docs/source/sfinae.rst     |  39 ++++++++++++-
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp |  32 ++++++++++-
 test/test_sfinae.cpp       | 112 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 3 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/sfinae.rst b/docs/source/sfinae.rst
index 4cfc4a254..bd53f3644 100644
--- a/docs/source/sfinae.rst
+++ b/docs/source/sfinae.rst
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Consider the following example:
         ... // act on object of fixed rank == 2
     }
 
-    TEST(sfinae, rank_basic)
+    int main()
     {
         xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> b = {9, 9};
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ Consider the following example:
         foo(a); // flexible rank -> first overload
         foo(b); // fixed rank == 2 -> first overload
         foo(c); // fixed rank == 2 -> second overload
+
+        return 0;
     }
 
 .. note::
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ Consider the following example:
     .. code-block:: cpp
 
         // flexible rank
-        template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, SIZE_MAX>::value, int> = 0>
+        template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_fixed_rank_t<E>::value, int> = 0>
         inline E foo(E&& a);
 
         // fixed rank == 1
@@ -75,3 +77,36 @@ Consider the following example:
 
         // fixed rank == 2
         inline void foo(xt::xtensor<double,2>& a);
+
+Rank as member
+--------------
+
+If you want to use the rank as a member of your own class you can use ``xt::get_rank<E>``.
+Consider the following example:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct Foo
+    {
+        static const size_t rank = xt::get_rank<T>::value;
+
+        static size_t value()
+        {
+            return rank;
+        }
+    };
+
+    int main()
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> A = xt::zeros<double>({2});
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> B = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
+        xt::xarray<double> C = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
+
+        std::cout << Foo<decltype(A)>::value() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << Foo<decltype(B)>::value() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << Foo<decltype(C)>::value() << std::endl;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index d0ddda942..3fb4e59b5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -858,6 +858,35 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     using inner_reference_t = typename inner_reference<ST>::type;
 
+    /************
+     * get_rank *
+     ************/
+
+    template <class E, typename = void>
+    struct get_rank
+    {
+        constexpr static std::size_t value = SIZE_MAX;
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct get_rank<E, decltype((void)E::rank, void())>
+    {
+        constexpr static std::size_t value= E::rank;
+    };
+
+    /******************
+     * has_fixed_rank *
+     ******************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct has_fixed_rank
+    {
+        using type = std::integral_constant<bool, get_rank<std::decay_t<E>>::value != SIZE_MAX>;
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    using has_fixed_rank_t = typename has_fixed_rank<std::decay_t<E>>::type;
+
     /************
      * has_rank *
      ************/
@@ -865,11 +894,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, size_t N>
     struct has_rank
     {
-        using type = std::integral_constant<bool, std::decay_t<E>::rank == N>;
+        using type = std::integral_constant<bool, get_rank<std::decay_t<E>>::value == N>;
     };
 
     template <class E, size_t N>
     using has_rank_t = typename has_rank<std::decay_t<E>, N>::type;
+
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_sfinae.cpp b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
index b08455929..2f95909f4 100644
--- a/test/test_sfinae.cpp
+++ b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
@@ -19,19 +19,15 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
-    inline E sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&& a)
+    inline size_t sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&&)
     {
-        E b = a;
-        b.fill(0);
-        return b;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
-    inline E sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&& a)
+    inline size_t sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&&)
     {
-        E b = a;
-        b.fill(2);
-        return b;
+        return 2;
     }
 
     TEST(sfinae, rank_basic)
@@ -42,35 +38,33 @@ namespace xt
         // xt::xtensor_fixed<size_t, xt::xshape<2, 2>> d = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
         auto v = xt::view(c, 0, xt::all());
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(a), 0ul)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(b), 0ul)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(c), 2ul)));
-        // EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(d), 2ul)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_basic_func(v), 0ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(a) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(b) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(c) == 2ul);
+        // EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(d) == 2ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(v) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(2ul * a) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(2ul * b) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(2ul * c) == 0ul);
+
     }
 
     template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, SIZE_MAX>::value, int> = 0>
-    inline E sfinae_rank_func(E&& a)
+    inline size_t sfinae_rank_func(E&&)
     {
-        E b = a;
-        b.fill(0);
-        return b;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 1>::value, int> = 0>
-    inline E sfinae_rank_func(E&& a)
+    inline size_t sfinae_rank_func(E&&)
     {
-        E b = a;
-        b.fill(1);
-        return b;
+        return 1;
     }
 
     template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
-    inline E sfinae_rank_func(E&& a)
+    inline size_t sfinae_rank_func(E&&)
     {
-        E b = a;
-        b.fill(2);
-        return b;
+        return 2;
     }
 
     TEST(sfinae, rank)
@@ -81,10 +75,68 @@ namespace xt
         // xt::xtensor_fixed<size_t, xt::xshape<2, 2>> d = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
         auto v = xt::view(c, 0, xt::all());
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(a), 0ul)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(b), 1ul)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(c), 2ul)));
-        // EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(d), 2ul)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(sfinae_rank_func(v), 0ul)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(a) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(b) == 1ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(c) == 2ul);
+        // EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(d) == 2ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(v) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(2ul * a) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(2ul * b) == 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(2ul * c) == 0ul);
+    }
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_fixed_rank_t<E>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline bool sfinae_fixed_func(E&&)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_fixed_rank_t<E>::value, int> = 0>
+    inline bool sfinae_fixed_func(E&&)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    TEST(sfinae, fixed_rank)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{9, 9, 9}, {9, 9, 9}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> b = {9, 9};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+        // xt::xtensor_fixed<size_t, xt::xshape<2, 2>> d = {{9, 9}, {9, 9}};
+        auto v = xt::view(c, 0, xt::all());
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(a) == false);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(b) == true);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(c) == true);
+        // EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(d) == 2ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(v) == false);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(2ul * a) == false);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(2ul * b) == false);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(2ul * c) == false);
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct sfinae_get_rank
+    {
+        static const size_t rank = xt::get_rank<T>::value;
+
+        static size_t value()
+        {
+            return rank;
+        }
+    };
+
+    TEST(sfinae, get_rank)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> A = xt::zeros<double>({2});
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> B = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
+        xt::xarray<double> C = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(A)>::value() == 1ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(B)>::value() == 2ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(C)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(2.0 * A)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(2.0 * B)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(2.0 * C)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
     }
 }

From 0ec9001e723c9db861254e9b02b5fdc0530ef9a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 2020 11:54:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 102/606] Adding has_shape

---
 docs/source/api/xshape.rst | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xshape.hpp | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 test/test_xshape.cpp       |  8 +++++++
 3 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/xshape.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62fb6a280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+xshape
+======
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/xshape.hpp``
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: bool same_shape(const S1& s1, const S2& s2)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: bool has_shape(const E& e, std::initializer_list<S> shape)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: bool has_shape(const E& e, const S& shape)
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
index adfedb218..e9ee57826 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace xt
     class fixed_shape;
 
     using xindex = dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
-    
+
     template <class S1, class S2>
     bool same_shape(const S1& s1, const S2& s2) noexcept;
 
@@ -96,12 +96,55 @@ namespace xt
      * same_shape *
      **************/
 
+    /**
+    * @ingroup same_shape
+    * @brief same_shape
+    *
+    * Check if two objects have the same shape.
+    * @param s1 an array
+    * @param s2 an array
+    * @return bool
+    */
     template <class S1, class S2>
     inline bool same_shape(const S1& s1, const S2& s2) noexcept
     {
         return s1.size() == s2.size() && std::equal(s1.begin(), s1.end(), s2.begin());
     }
 
+    /*************
+     * has_shape *
+     *************/
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup has_shape
+    * @brief has_shape
+    *
+    * Check if an object has a certain shape.
+    * @param a an array
+    * @param shape the shape to test
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    template <class E, class S>
+    inline bool has_shape(const E& e, std::initializer_list<S> shape) noexcept
+    {
+        return e.shape().size() == shape.size() && std::equal(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cend(), shape.begin());
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup has_shape
+    * @brief has_shape
+    *
+    * Check if an object has a certain shape.
+    * @param a an array
+    * @param shape the shape to test
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    template <class E, class S, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<S>::value>>
+    inline bool has_shape(const E& e, const S& shape)
+    {
+        return e.shape().size() == shape.size() && std::equal(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cend(), shape.begin());
+    }
+
     /*************************
      * initializer_dimension *
      *************************/
diff --git a/test/test_xshape.cpp b/test/test_xshape.cpp
index d62afc019..7cdc56eb9 100644
--- a/test/test_xshape.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xshape.cpp
@@ -58,4 +58,12 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_TRUE(expect_v);
         ASSERT_TRUE(expect_a);
     }
+
+    TEST(xshape, has_shape)
+    {
+        std::array<size_t, 2> shape = {2, 3};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> A = xt::zeros<size_t>(shape);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(xt::has_shape(A, shape));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(xt::has_shape(A, {2, 3}));
+    }
 }

From 4790ffa905dcd2c18981880f1bb5afd0b6d8990d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2020 22:25:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 103/606] Implemented insertion of range and intializer list in
 svector

---
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xstorage.cpp       | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 76 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index c752159bc..5d9f8696e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -715,6 +715,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         iterator insert(const_iterator it, const T& elt);
 
+        template <class It>
+        iterator insert(const_iterator pos, It first, It last);
+
+        iterator insert(const_iterator pos, std::initializer_list<T> l);
+
         template <std::size_t ON, class OA, bool InitA>
         void swap(svector<T, ON, OA, InitA>& rhs);
 
@@ -1183,6 +1188,34 @@ namespace xt
         return it;
     }
 
+    template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
+    template <class It>
+    inline auto svector<T, N, A, Init>::insert(const_iterator pos, It first, It last) -> iterator
+    {
+        auto it = const_cast<pointer>(pos);
+        difference_type n = std::distance(first, last);
+        if (n > 0)
+        {
+            if (n > m_capacity - m_end)
+            {
+                std::ptrdiff_t elt_no = it - m_begin;
+                grow(static_cast<size_t>((m_capacity - m_begin) + n));
+                it = m_begin + elt_no;
+            }
+
+            std::move_backward(it, m_end, m_end + n);
+            m_end += n;
+            std::copy(first, last, it);
+        }
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
+    inline auto svector<T, N, A, Init>::insert(const_iterator pos, std::initializer_list<T> l) -> iterator
+    {
+        return insert(pos, l.begin(), l.end());
+    }
+
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline void svector<T, N, A, Init>::destroy_range(T* begin, T* end)
     {
diff --git a/test/test_xstorage.cpp b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
index 91a9f1ac8..54ac95e2a 100644
--- a/test/test_xstorage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
@@ -144,6 +144,49 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s.begin(), s.end(), v.begin()));
     }
 
+    TEST(svector, insert_range)
+    {
+        svector_type s0 = {1,2,3,4};
+        svector_type s1 = s0;
+        svector_type s2 = s0;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v0(s0.begin(), s0.end());
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v1(v0);
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v2(v0);
+        std::vector<std::size_t> ins = {1, 4};
+
+        s0.insert(s0.begin(), ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        v0.insert(v0.begin(), ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        s1.insert(s1.begin()+2, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        v1.insert(v1.begin()+2, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        s2.insert(s2.begin()+4, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        v2.insert(v2.begin()+4, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s0.begin(), s0.end(), v0.begin()));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s1.begin(), s1.end(), v1.begin()));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s2.begin(), s2.end(), v2.begin()));
+    }
+
+    TEST(svector, insert_initializer_list)
+    {
+        svector_type s0 = {1,2,3,4};
+        svector_type s1 = s0;
+        svector_type s2 = s0;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v0(s0.begin(), s0.end());
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v1(v0);
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v2(v0);
+
+        s0.insert(s0.begin(), {1u, 4u});
+        v0.insert(v0.begin(), {1u, 4u});
+        s1.insert(s1.begin()+2, {1u, 4u});
+        v1.insert(v1.begin()+2, {1u, 4u});
+        s2.insert(s2.begin()+4, {1u, 4u});
+        v2.insert(v2.begin()+4, {1u, 4u});
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s0.begin(), s0.end(), v0.begin()));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s1.begin(), s1.end(), v1.begin()));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s2.begin(), s2.end(), v2.begin()));
+    }
+
     TEST(svector, constructor)
     {
         svector_type a;

From a2bf54dc5e9bc3f60fc17fcb8f8b9d44794a9015 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 12:36:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 104/606] Added dispatching types lists and registration
 mechanism

---
 CMakeLists.txt                         |   9 +-
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp             |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp        |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/zassign.hpp            |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp        | 123 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp          |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp              |   7 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt                    |   1 +
 test/test_zarray.cpp                   |   2 +-
 10 files changed, 261 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index fd04854e1..ba8dc69f1 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zmath.hpp
 )
@@ -316,13 +317,7 @@ list(REMOVE_ITEM XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE
     xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
     xtensor/xjson.hpp
     xtensor/xmime.hpp
-    xtensor/xnpy.hpp
-    xtensor/zarray.hpp
-    xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
-    xtensor/zassign.hpp
-    xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
-    xtensor/zfunction.hpp
-    xtensor/zmath.hpp)
+    xtensor/xnpy.hpp)
 
 PREPEND(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#include <" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
 POSTFIX(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ">" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 2b07fb0ad..8e299bc7b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include "zarray_impl.hpp"
 #include "zassign.hpp"
 
-namespace zexperience
+namespace xt
 {
 
     /**********
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
index 829671789..d845f8e0b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
 
-namespace zexperience
+namespace xt
 {
 
     /*************************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
index 3546dbd4b..36ca622a4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "xassign.hpp"
 #include "zarray_impl.hpp"
 
-namespace zexperience
+namespace xt
 {
     template <>
     class xexpression_assigner<zarray_expression_tag>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
index 04e9573a4..1b7a6752d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
@@ -12,14 +12,13 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xmultimethods.hpp>
 
+#include "zdispatching_types.hpp"
 #include "zmath.hpp"
 
-namespace zexperience
+namespace xt
 {
     namespace mpl = xtl::mpl;
 
-    using supported_type = mpl::vector<float, double>;
-
     template <class type_list>
     using zrun_dispatcher_impl = xtl::functor_dispatcher
     <
@@ -54,6 +53,9 @@ namespace zexperience
         template <class T, class R>
         static void insert();
 
+        template <class T, class R, class... U>
+        static void register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>);
+
         static void init();
         static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res);
         static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1);
@@ -68,13 +70,18 @@ namespace zexperience
         template <class T, class R>
         void insert_impl();
 
+        template <class T, class R, class...U>
+        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>);
+        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>);
+
         using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
         using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl>>;
         using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
         
         ztype_dispatcher m_type_dispatcher;
         zrun_dispatcher m_run_dispatcher;
-   };
+    };
+
 
     /**********************
      * ztriple_dispatcher *
@@ -91,6 +98,9 @@ namespace zexperience
         template <class T1, class T2, class R>
         static void insert();
 
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R, class... U>
+        static void register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>);
+
         static void init();
         static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2, zarray_impl& res);
         static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2);
@@ -105,6 +115,10 @@ namespace zexperience
         template <class T1, class T2, class R>
         void insert_impl();
 
+        template <class T1, class T2, class R, class...U>
+        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>);
+        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>);
+
         using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
         using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl>>;
         using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
@@ -180,6 +194,30 @@ namespace zexperience
      * zdouble_dispatcher implementation *
      *************************************/
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class F>
+        struct unary_dispatching_types
+        {
+            using type = zunary_func_types;
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct unary_dispatching_types<negate>
+        {
+            using type = zunary_op_types;
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct unary_dispatching_types<identity>
+        {
+            using type = zunary_op_types;
+        };
+
+        template <class F>
+        using unary_dispatching_types_t = typename unary_dispatching_types<F>::type;
+    }
+
     template <class F>
     template <class T, class R>
     inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::insert()
@@ -187,6 +225,13 @@ namespace zexperience
         instance().template insert_impl<T, R>();
     }
     
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T, class R, class... U>
+    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>)
+    {
+        instance().register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>());
+    }
+
     template <class F>
     inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::init()
     {
@@ -215,8 +260,7 @@ namespace zexperience
     template <class F>
     inline zdouble_dispatcher<F>::zdouble_dispatcher()
     {
-        insert_impl<float, float>();
-        insert_impl<double, double>();
+        register_dispatching_impl(detail::unary_dispatching_types_t<F>());
     }
 
     template <class F>
@@ -229,10 +273,49 @@ namespace zexperience
         m_type_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T>);
     }
 
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T, class R, class...U>
+    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>)
+    {
+        insert_impl<T, R>();
+        register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<U...>());
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>)
+    {
+    }
+    
     /*************************************
      * ztriple_dispatcher implementation *
      *************************************/
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        using zbinary_func_list = mpl::vector
+        <
+            math::atan2_fun,
+            math::hypot_fun,
+            math::pow_fun,
+            math::fdim_fun,
+            math::fmax_fun,
+            math::fmin_fun,
+            math::remainder_fun,
+            math::fmod_fun
+        >;
+
+        template <class F>
+        struct binary_dispatching_types
+        {
+            using type = std::conditional_t<mpl::contains<zbinary_func_list, F>::value,
+                                            zbinary_func_types,
+                                            zbinary_op_types>;
+        };
+
+        template <class F>
+        using binary_dispatching_types_t = typename binary_dispatching_types<F>::type;
+    }
+
     template <class F>
     template <class T1, class T2, class R>
     inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::insert()
@@ -240,6 +323,13 @@ namespace zexperience
         instance().template insert_impl<T1, T2, R>();
     }
     
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T1, class T2, class R, class... U>
+    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>)
+    {
+        instance().register_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>());
+    }
+
     template <class F>
     inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::init()
     {
@@ -268,8 +358,7 @@ namespace zexperience
     template <class F>
     inline ztriple_dispatcher<F>::ztriple_dispatcher()
     {
-        insert_impl<float, float, float>();
-        insert_impl<double, double, double>();
+        register_dispatching_impl(detail::binary_dispatching_types_t<F>());
     }
 
     template <class F>
@@ -283,6 +372,20 @@ namespace zexperience
         m_type_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type1, arg_type1>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T1, T2>);
     }
 
+
+    template <class F>
+    template <class T1, class T2, class R, class...U>
+    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>)
+    {
+        insert_impl<T1, T2, R>();
+        register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<U...>());
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>)
+    {
+    }
+    
     /***************************************
      * zarray_impl_register implementation *
      ***************************************/
@@ -404,7 +507,7 @@ namespace zexperience
             zdispatcher_t<erfc_fun, 1>::init();
             zdispatcher_t<tgamma_fun, 1>::init();
             zdispatcher_t<lgamma_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<ceil_fun, 1>::init();
+            /*zdispatcher_t<ceil_fun, 1>::init();
             zdispatcher_t<floor_fun, 1>::init();
             zdispatcher_t<trunc_fun, 1>::init();
             zdispatcher_t<round_fun, 1>::init();
@@ -412,7 +515,7 @@ namespace zexperience
             zdispatcher_t<rint_fun, 1>::init();
             zdispatcher_t<isfinite_fun, 1>::init();
             zdispatcher_t<isinf_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<isnan_fun, 1>::init();
+            zdispatcher_t<isnan_fun, 1>::init();*/
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3afb85fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHING_TYPES_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHING_TYPES_HPP
+
+#include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    namespace mpl = xtl::mpl;
+
+    // TODO: move to XTL
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class... L>
+        struct concatenate;
+
+        template <class... T, class... U>
+        struct concatenate<mpl::vector<T...>, mpl::vector<U...>>
+        {
+            using type = mpl::vector<T..., U...>;
+        };
+
+        template <class... T, class... U, class... L>
+        struct concatenate<mpl::vector<T...>, mpl::vector<U...>, L...>
+        {
+            using type = typename concatenate<
+                            typename concatenate<
+                                mpl::vector<T...>,
+                                mpl::vector<U...>
+                            >::type,
+                            L...
+                         >::type;
+        };
+
+        template <class... L>
+        using concatenate_t = typename concatenate<L...>::type;
+    }
+
+    /***********
+     * z types *
+     ***********/
+
+    using z_int_types = mpl::vector<uint8_t, int8_t,
+                                    uint16_t, int16_t,
+                                    uint32_t, int32_t,
+                                    uint64_t, int64_t>;
+    using z_small_int_types = mpl::vector<uint8_t, int8_t, uint16_t, int16_t>;
+    using z_big_int_types = mpl::vector<uint32_t, int32_t, uint64_t, int64_t>;
+    using z_float_types = mpl::vector<float, double>;
+
+    using z_types = detail::concatenate_t<z_int_types,
+                                          z_float_types>;
+
+    /*************************
+     * unary operation types *
+     *************************/
+
+    template <class T, class R>
+    struct build_unary_impl
+    {
+        using type = mpl::vector<T, R>;
+    };
+
+    template <class T, class R>
+    using build_unary_impl_t = typename build_unary_impl<T, R>::type;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_unary_identity_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, T>;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_unary_int32_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, int32_t>;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_unary_int64_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, int64_t>;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_unary_double_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, double>;
+
+    using zunary_func_types = detail::concatenate_t<
+                                  mpl::transform_t<build_unary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
+                                  mpl::transform_t<build_unary_double_t, z_int_types>
+                              >;
+
+    using zunary_op_types = detail::concatenate_t<
+                                mpl::transform_t<build_unary_identity_t, z_big_int_types>,
+                                mpl::transform_t<build_unary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
+                                mpl::transform_t<build_unary_int32_t, z_small_int_types>
+                            >;
+
+    /**************************
+     * binary operation types *
+     **************************/
+
+    template <class T, class U, class R>
+    struct build_binary_impl
+    {
+        using type = mpl::vector<T, U, R>;
+    };
+    
+    template <class T, class U, class R>
+    using build_binary_impl_t = typename build_binary_impl<T, U, R>::type;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_binary_identity_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, T>;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_binary_int32_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, int32_t>;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_binary_int64_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, int64_t>;
+
+    template <class T>
+    using build_binary_double_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, double>;
+
+    using zbinary_func_types = detail::concatenate_t<
+                                   mpl::transform_t<build_binary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
+                                   mpl::transform_t<build_binary_double_t, z_int_types>
+                               >;
+
+    using zbinary_op_types = detail::concatenate_t<
+                                 mpl::transform_t<build_binary_identity_t, z_big_int_types>,
+                                 mpl::transform_t<build_binary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
+                                 mpl::transform_t<build_binary_int32_t, z_small_int_types>
+                             >;
+
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
index 046f68bc9..0f6fb55ea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 #include "zdispatcher.hpp"
 
-namespace zexperience
+namespace xt
 {
     template <class F, class... CT>
     class zfunction : public xexpression<zfunction<F, CT...>>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
index 47a598982..d6fba67d0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "xmath.hpp"
 #include "zarray_impl.hpp"
 
-namespace zexperience
+namespace xt
 {
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ namespace zexperience
     };                                                                             \
     XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
 
-#define ZCONCAT(X, Y) X Y
 #define XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(ZNAME, XOP, XFUN)                                 \
     struct ZNAME                                                                   \
     {                                                                              \
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ namespace zexperience
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zerfc, xt::erfc, math::erfc_fun);
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztgamma, xt::tgamma, math::tgamma_fun);
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlgamma, xt::lgamma, math::lgamma_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zceil, xt::ceil, math::ceil_fun);
+    /*XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zceil, xt::ceil, math::ceil_fun);
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfloor, xt::floor, math::floor_fun);
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztrunc, xt::trunc, math::trunc_fun);
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zround, xt::round, math::round_fun);
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ namespace zexperience
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zrint, xt::rint, math::rint_fun);
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisfinite, xt::isfinite, math::isfinite_fun);
     XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisinf, xt::isinf, math::isinf_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisnan, xt::isnan, math::isnan_fun);
+    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisnan, xt::isnan, math::isnan_fun);*/
 
 #undef XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR
 #undef XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index cb96b6c22..9c15c1ea2 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xview.cpp
     test_xview_semantic.cpp
     test_xutils.cpp
+    test_zarray.cpp
 )
 
 set(XTENSOR_TESTS
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index 674e17c18..133048725 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/zfunction.hpp"
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-namespace zexperience
+namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt;
     TEST(zarray, value_semantics)

From ffe8095a96fcd8ce329c9b03ba11e6dfdc04fe98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wai-Shing Luk <luk036@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2020 05:54:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 105/606] fix for the issue #2168

---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index e19dd6100..f7e75f9cc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 // Exception support.
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+#include <iostream>
 #define XTENSOR_THROW(_, msg)            \
     {                                    \
       std::cerr << msg << std::endl;     \

From 481331475513290e5745a28d683e8bc573731f9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 10:50:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 106/606] [docs] Extending docs random

---
 docs/source/random.rst | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/random.rst b/docs/source/random.rst
index 9ed21c010..cbfec9fc4 100644
--- a/docs/source/random.rst
+++ b/docs/source/random.rst
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ xt::random::gamma
 
 :ref:`xt::random::gamma <random-gamma-function-reference>`
 
-Produces (an array of) random positive floating-point values, distributed according to the probability density:
+Produces (an array of) random positive floating-point values,
+distributed according to the probability density:
 
 .. math::
 
@@ -80,20 +81,49 @@ where :math:`\alpha` is the shape (also known as :math:`k`) and :math:`\beta` th
 
 .. note::
 
-    Do not confuse the first argument of ``xt::random``, the shape of the output array, with the parameter :math:`alpha`.
+    Different from NumPy, the first argument is the shape of the output array.
 
 .. seealso::
 
     *   `numpy.random.gamma <https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.gamma.html?highlight=gamma#numpy.random.gamma>`_
     *   `std::gamma_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/gamma_distribution>`_
     *   `Weisstein, Eric W. "Gamma Distribution." From MathWorld – A Wolfram Web Resource. <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaDistribution.html>`_
-    *   `Wikipedia, "Gamma distribution". <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution>`_
+    *   `Wikipedia, "Gamma distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution>`_
 
 xt::random::weibull
 ===================
 
 :ref:`xt::random::weibull <random-weibull-function-reference>`
 
+Produces (an array of) random positive floating-point values,
+distributed according to the probability density:
+
+.. math::
+
+    P(x) = \frac{a}{b} \left( \frac{x}{b} \right)^{a - 1} e^{-(x / b)^a}
+
+where :math:`a > 0` is the shape parameter and :math:`b > 0` the scale parameter.
+In particular, a random variable is produced as
+
+.. math::
+
+    X = b (- \ln (U))^{1/a}
+
+where :math:`U` is drawn from the uniform distribution (0, 1].
+
+By default both the shape :math:`a = 1` and the scale :math:`b = 1`.
+Note that you can specify only :math:`a` while choosing the default for :math:`b`.
+
+.. note::
+
+    Different from NumPy, the first argument is the shape of the output array.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+    *   `numpy.random.weibull <https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.weibull.html?highlight=weibull#numpy.random.weibull>`_
+    *   `std::weibull_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/weibull_distribution>`_
+    *   `Wikipedia, "Weibull distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibull_distribution>`_
+
 xt::random::extreme_value
 =========================
 

From 48a17067a6a8d52769f6fda7ae560b8a872892ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2020 11:39:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 107/606] Release 0.21.7

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 10fe9f240..4ede9d9cd 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.21.7   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.6   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
 |  0.21.4   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 46d9edd0d..88af028f8 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.21.7
+------
+
+- Removed zheaders from single header
+  `#2157 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2157>`_
+- Implemented insertion of range and intializer list in svector
+  `#2165 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2165>`_
+- Adding has_shape
+  `#2163 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2163>`_
+- Adding get_rank and has_fixed_rank
+  `#2162 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2162>`_
+- Zrefactoring
+  `#2140 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2140>`_
+- Added missing header
+  `#2169 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2169>`_
+- Extending docs random
+  `#2173 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2173>`_
+
 0.21.6
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index d3c2bcebc..9cf73c357 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.21.6
+  - xtensor=0.21.7
   - xtensor-blas=0.17.2
   - xeus-cling=0.8.1
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index f7e75f9cc..46206aaf9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 7
 
 // DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
 #ifdef __clang__

From 452a47df9e7aa8b49c6d540c55139f97fc019a90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 2020 11:43:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 108/606] Fix undefined behavior while testing shifts

shifting by more than register width is undefined behavior, not the perfect test
:-)

Fix #2174
---
 test/test_xoperation.cpp | 14 ++++++++------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xoperation.cpp b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
index f9748c097..20a083a40 100644
--- a/test/test_xoperation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
@@ -807,17 +807,18 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(operation, left_shift)
     {
         xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
+        xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
         xarray<int> res1 = left_shift(arr, 4);
-        xarray<int> res2 = left_shift(arr, arr);
+        xarray<int> res2 = left_shift(arr, arr2);
         EXPECT_EQ(left_shift(arr, 4)(1), 16);
         xarray<int> expected1 = {80, 16, 16000};
-        xarray<int> expected2 = {160, 2, 256000};
+        xarray<int> expected2 = {20, 2, 8000};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
         EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res2);
 
         xarray<int> res3 = arr << 4;
-        xarray<int> res4 = arr << arr;
+        xarray<int> res4 = arr << arr2;
         EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
         EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
     }
@@ -825,17 +826,18 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(operation, right_shift)
     {
         xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
+        xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
         xarray<int> res1 = right_shift(arr, 4);
-        xarray<int> res2 = right_shift(arr, arr);
+        xarray<int> res2 = right_shift(arr, arr2);
         EXPECT_EQ(right_shift(arr, 4)(1), 0);
         xarray<int> expected1 = {0, 0, 62};
-        xarray<int> expected2 = {0, 0, 3};
+        xarray<int> expected2 = {1, 0, 125};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
         EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res2);
 
         xarray<int> res3 = arr >> 4;
-        xarray<int> res4 = arr >> arr;
+        xarray<int> res4 = arr >> arr2;
         EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
         EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
     }

From 23d07754d000129f153d3c1c7abd095c3c525813 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 2020 15:45:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 109/606] Fix xchunked_array assignment

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 25 ++++++++-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       | 71 +++++++++++++++---------
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 51 ++++++++++-------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             | 22 ++++----
 4 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 667bd18d2..597a8ac33 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         void resize(S&& shape);
 
+        std::size_t size();
+
         void set_pool_size(std::size_t n);
         void set_directory(const char* directory);
         IP& get_index_path();
@@ -119,6 +121,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class I>
         reference map_file_array(I first, I last);
 
+        template <class I>
+        const_reference map_file_array(I first, I last) const;
+
     private:
 
         template <class... Idxs>
@@ -128,6 +133,7 @@ namespace xt
         using index_pool_type = std::vector<shape_type>;
 
         shape_type m_shape;
+        shape_type m_shape_internal;
         chunk_pool_type m_chunk_pool;
         index_pool_type m_index_pool;
         std::size_t m_unload_index;
@@ -169,6 +175,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, class IP>
     inline xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::xchunk_store_manager()
         : m_shape()
+        , m_shape_internal()
         // default pool size is 1
         // so that first chunk is always resized to the chunk shape
         , m_chunk_pool(1u)
@@ -248,10 +255,17 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class S>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::resize(S&&)
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::resize(S&& shape)
     {
         // don't resize according to total number of chunks
         // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
+        m_shape_internal = shape;
+    }
+
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    inline std::size_t xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::size()
+    {
+        return compute_size(m_shape);
     }
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
@@ -300,6 +314,8 @@ namespace xt
     void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_directory(const char* directory)
     {
         m_index_path.set_directory(directory);
+        // make shape public
+        m_shape = m_shape_internal;
     }
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
@@ -345,6 +361,13 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    template <class I>
+    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::map_file_array(I first, I last) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return const_cast<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>*>(this)->map_file_array(first, last);
+    }
+
     template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class... Idxs>
     inline std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 73c09cb81..74c3ab722 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <array>
 
-#include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 
@@ -68,6 +67,7 @@ namespace xt
         using temporary_type = typename inner_types::temporary_type;
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
+        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = false;
 
         template <class S>
         xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         xchunked_array& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
+        template <class E>
+        void assign(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
         const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
         layout_type layout() const noexcept;
         bool is_contiguous() const noexcept;
@@ -107,6 +110,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const;
 
+        template <class S>
+        bool has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept;
+
         template <class S>
         stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
         template <class S>
@@ -124,15 +130,15 @@ namespace xt
     private:
 
         template <class... Idxs>
-        using indexes_type = std::pair<std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>>;
+        using indexes_type = std::pair<std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>>;
 
         template <class... Idxs>
-        using chunk_indexes_type = std::array<std::pair<size_t, size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>;
+        using chunk_indexes_type = std::array<std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>;
 
         template <std::size_t N>
-        using static_indexes_type = std::pair<std::array<size_t, N>, std::array<size_t, N>>;
+        using static_indexes_type = std::pair<std::array<std::size_t, N>, std::array<std::size_t, N>>;
 
-        using dynamic_indexes_type = std::pair<std::vector<size_t>, std::vector<size_t>>;
+        using dynamic_indexes_type = std::pair<std::vector<std::size_t>, std::vector<std::size_t>>;
 
         template <class S1, class S2>
         void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape);
@@ -141,9 +147,9 @@ namespace xt
         indexes_type<Idxs...> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const;
 
         template <class Idx>
-        std::pair<size_t, size_t> get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const;
+        std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t> get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(std::size_t dim, Idx idx) const;
 
-        template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
+        template <std::size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
         chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...> get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const;
 
         template <class T, std::size_t N>
@@ -224,10 +230,16 @@ namespace xt
     inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape)
     {
         resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        assign(e);
+    }
+
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class E>
+    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::assign(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    {
         xstrided_slice_vector sv(m_chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
         std::transform(m_chunk_shape.begin(), m_chunk_shape.end(), sv.begin(),
                        [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
-
         shape_type ic(this->dimension());  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
         size_type ci = 0;
         for (auto& chunk: m_chunks)
@@ -251,7 +263,6 @@ namespace xt
                         {
                             di--;
                         }
-
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -269,7 +280,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
     {
-        return semantic_base::operator=(e);
+        assign(e);
+        return *this;
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
@@ -279,7 +291,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type 
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type
     {
         return static_layout;
     }
@@ -333,6 +345,13 @@ namespace xt
         return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
     }
 
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class S>
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept -> stepper
@@ -388,7 +407,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
-        std::vector<size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
+        std::vector<std::size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
         std::transform
         (
             shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(),
@@ -396,14 +415,14 @@ namespace xt
             shape_of_chunks.begin(),
             [](auto s, auto cs)
             {
-                size_t cn = s / cs;
+                std::size_t cn = s / cs;
                 if (s % cs > 0)
-                    cn += size_t(1); // edge_chunk
+                    cn += std::size_t(1); // edge_chunk
                 return cn;
             }
         );
 
-        // resize the xarray of chunks
+        // resize the chunk container
         m_chunks.resize(shape_of_chunks);
         // resize each chunk
         for (auto& c: m_chunks)
@@ -425,15 +444,15 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class Idx>
-    inline std::pair<size_t, size_t> xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(size_t dim, Idx idx) const
+    inline std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t> xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(std::size_t dim, Idx idx) const
     {
-        size_t index_of_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) / m_chunk_shape[dim];
-        size_t index_in_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
+        std::size_t index_of_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) / m_chunk_shape[dim];
+        std::size_t index_in_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
         return std::make_pair(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
+    template <std::size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
         -> chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...>
     {
@@ -445,9 +464,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
     {
-        std::array<size_t, N> arr0;
-        std::array<size_t, N> arr1;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+        std::array<std::size_t, N> arr0;
+        std::array<std::size_t, N> arr1;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
         {
             arr0[i] = std::get<0>(arr[i]);
             arr1[i] = std::get<1>(arr[i]);
@@ -459,10 +478,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class It>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const -> dynamic_indexes_type
     {
-        auto size = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
-        std::vector<size_t> indexes_of_chunk(size);
-        std::vector<size_t> indexes_in_chunk(size);
-        for (size_t dim = 0; dim < size; ++dim)
+        auto size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
+        std::vector<std::size_t> indexes_of_chunk(size);
+        std::vector<std::size_t> indexes_in_chunk(size);
+        for (std::size_t dim = 0; dim < size; ++dim)
         {
             auto chunk_index = get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dim, *first++);
             indexes_of_chunk[dim] = chunk_index.first;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index ee7cde766..666384061 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -12,18 +12,18 @@ namespace xt
 {
 
     template <class T>
-    class xfile_reference
+    class xfile_value_reference
     {
     public:
 
-        using self_type = xfile_reference<T>;
+        using self_type = xfile_value_reference<T>;
         using const_reference = const T&;
 
-        xfile_reference(T& value, bool& dirty);
-        ~xfile_reference() = default;
+        xfile_value_reference(T& value, bool& dirty);
+        ~xfile_value_reference() = default;
 
-        xfile_reference(const xfile_reference&) = default;
-        xfile_reference(xfile_reference&&) = default;
+        xfile_value_reference(const xfile_value_reference&) = default;
+        xfile_value_reference(xfile_value_reference&&) = default;
 
         self_type& operator=(const self_type&);
         self_type& operator=(self_type&&);
@@ -50,7 +50,19 @@ namespace xt
         T& m_value;
         bool& m_dirty;
     };
+}
 
+namespace std
+{
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_signed<xt::xfile_value_reference<T>>
+        : is_signed<T>
+    {
+    };
+}
+
+namespace xt
+{
     template <class E, class IOH>
     class xfile_array_container;
 
@@ -59,7 +71,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using storage_type = E;
         using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
-        using reference = xfile_reference<value_type>;
+        using reference = xfile_value_reference<value_type>;
         using const_reference = typename storage_type::const_reference;
         using size_type = typename storage_type::size_type;
         using temporary_type = xfile_array_container<E, IOH>;
@@ -99,6 +111,7 @@ namespace xt
         using temporary_type = typename inner_types::temporary_type;
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
+        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = true;
 
         xfile_array_container() = default;
         ~xfile_array_container();
@@ -182,7 +195,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         const std::string& path() const noexcept;
         void ignore_empty_path(bool ignore);
-        void set_path(std::string& path);
+        void set_path(const std::string& path);
 
         template <class C>
         void configure_format(C& config);
@@ -207,19 +220,19 @@ namespace xt
               class SA = std::allocator<typename std::vector<T, A>::size_type>>
     using xfile_array = xfile_array_container<xarray<T, L, A, SA>, IOH>;
 
-    /**********************************
-     * xfile_reference implementation *
-     **********************************/
+    /****************************************
+     * xfile_value_reference implementation *
+     ****************************************/
 
     template <class T>
-    inline xfile_reference<T>::xfile_reference(T& value, bool& dirty)
+    inline xfile_value_reference<T>::xfile_value_reference(T& value, bool& dirty)
         : m_value(value), m_dirty(dirty)
     {
     }
 
     template <class T>
     template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator=(const V& v) -> self_type&
     {
         if (v != m_value)
         {
@@ -231,7 +244,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator+=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator+=(const V& v) -> self_type&
     {
         if (v != T(0))
         {
@@ -243,7 +256,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator-=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator-=(const V& v) -> self_type&
     {
         if (v != T(0))
         {
@@ -255,7 +268,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator*=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator*=(const V& v) -> self_type&
     {
         if (v != T(1))
         {
@@ -267,7 +280,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_reference<T>::operator/=(const V& v) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator/=(const V& v) -> self_type&
     {
         if (v != T(1))
         {
@@ -278,7 +291,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    inline xfile_reference<T>::operator const_reference() const
+    inline xfile_value_reference<T>::operator const_reference() const
     {
         return m_value;
     }
@@ -567,7 +580,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::set_path(std::string& path)
+    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::set_path(const std::string& path)
     {
         if (path != m_path)
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 50fa8c08b..990f69b3c 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    using chunked_array = xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<double>>>;
+    using in_memory_chunked_array = xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<double>>>;
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, indexed_access)
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
-        chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
+        in_memory_chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
 
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {3, 9, 8};
         double val;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
         std::vector<size_t> shape1 = {2, 2, 2};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape1 = {2, 3, 4};
-        chunked_array a1(shape1, chunk_shape1);
+        in_memory_chunked_array a1(shape1, chunk_shape1);
         double val;
 
         val = 3.;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         std::vector<size_t> shape2 = {32, 10, 10};
-        chunked_array a2(shape2, chunk_shape1);
+        in_memory_chunked_array a2(shape2, chunk_shape1);
 
         a2 = broadcast(val, a2.shape());
         for (const auto& v: a2)
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a3), false);
 
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape4 = {2, 2};
-        auto a4 = chunked_array(a3, chunk_shape4);
+        auto a4 = in_memory_chunked_array(a3, chunk_shape4);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a4), true);
 
@@ -97,14 +97,14 @@ namespace xt
             i += 1.;
         }
 
-        auto a5 = chunked_array(a4);
+        auto a5 = in_memory_chunked_array(a4);
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a5), true);
         for (const auto& v: a5.chunk_shape())
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2);
         }
 
-        auto a6 = chunked_array(a3);
+        auto a6 = in_memory_chunked_array(a3);
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a6), true);
         for (const auto& v: a6.chunk_shape())
         {
@@ -116,7 +116,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 4};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2};
+        std::string chunk_dir = "files";
         xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
+        a1.chunks().set_directory(chunk_dir.c_str());
         a1.chunks().set_pool_size(2);
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {1, 2};
         double v1 = 3.4;
@@ -132,20 +134,20 @@ namespace xt
         std::ifstream in_file;
         xt::xarray<double> ref;
         xt::xarray<double> data;
-        in_file.open("1.0");
+        in_file.open(chunk_dir + "/1.0");
         data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
         ref = {{0, v1}, {0, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
         in_file.close();
 
         a1.chunks().flush();
-        in_file.open("0.1");
+        in_file.open(chunk_dir + "/0.1");
         data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
         ref = {{0, 0}, {v2, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
         in_file.close();
 
-        in_file.open("0.0");
+        in_file.open(chunk_dir + "/0.0");
         data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
         ref = {{v3, 0}, {0, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);

From fcee1925175252eb71d486fe1da01a64feede9ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 2020 17:11:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 110/606] Fix zarray initialization from zarray (#2180)

Fix zarray initialization from zarray
---
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp | 4 ++--
 test/test_xfunction.cpp    | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 8e299bc7b..653d6b23f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace xt
         zarray() = default;
         ~zarray() = default;
 
-        template <class E>
+        template <class E, class U = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of<std::decay_t<E>, zarray>::value>>
         zarray(E&& e);
 
         zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl);
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace xt
         semantic_base::assign(e);
     }
     
-    template <class E>
+    template <class E, class U>
     inline zarray::zarray(E&& e)
     {
         init_implementation(std::forward<E>(e), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index a8ab538d8..ddd9ce824 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -465,6 +465,7 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
     }
 
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
     TEST(xfunction, xfunction_in_xfunction)
     {
         using Point3 = xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3>>;
@@ -477,4 +478,5 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<Point3, 1> res{r1, r2, r3};
         EXPECT_EQ(c, res);
     }
+#endif
 }

From 20c18a47e05feb2fee27a24aaa914a86a48e11c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2020 07:03:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 111/606] Fix xnpy save padding computation
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

According to the documentation [0],

> It is terminated by a newline (\n) and padded with spaces (\x20) to make the
> total of len(magic string) + 2 + len(length) + HEADER_LEN be evenly
> divisible by 64 for alignment purposes.

In former version, the aligment was 16 [1]

> the total length of the magic string + 4 + HEADER_LEN be evenly divisible by
> 16 for alignment purposes.

The official documentation also states

> The .npy format, including motivation for creating it and a comparison of
> alternatives, is described in the “npy-format” NEP, however details have
> evolved with time and this document is more current.

This patches fixes xnpy implementation and reference tests to match the documentation.

[0] https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.lib.format.html
[1] https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.14.2/neps/npy-format.html
---
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp                       |   2 +-
 test/files/xnpy_files/bool.npy                 | Bin 107 -> 155 bytes
 test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.npy         | Bin 107 -> 155 bytes
 test/files/xnpy_files/double.npy               | Bin 296 -> 344 bytes
 test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.npy       | Bin 296 -> 344 bytes
 test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.npy         | Bin 120 -> 168 bytes
 test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.npy | Bin 120 -> 168 bytes
 7 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index 9f86c03a6..12deca9b0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ namespace xt
                 version[0] = 2;
                 version[1] = 0;
             }
-            std::size_t padding_len = 16 - metadata_len % 16;
+            std::size_t padding_len = 64 - (metadata_len % 64);
             std::string padding(padding_len, ' ');
             ss_header << padding;
             ss_header << std::endl;
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/bool.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/bool.npy
index 3e4cd6e1c22a33d36f23bde4a06a264376219f43..528c0eefb7a173b90a0249a82500bb061f2dd8e5 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 61
ecmd0v&B!^~FVr_6l98coBBz_C0<mDChcW<sBMR97

delta 19
acmbQun9VuaFVr_6l99n}BB$HLdKmyXbOn$A

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.npy
index 5068b335d9de2e2d0385b2efbd7d0dea526b9a6f..a6766f6a40ea0491e363d3d4a87b9bd52b723022 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 60
ecmd0v&B!^~FVr_6l98coBBz^%0+C>%y9xktxeB-d

delta 19
acmbQun9VuaFVr_6l99n}BB$HLdKmyXbOn$A

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/double.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/double.npy
index e5ef170135d788c9153e27f40b314d63e19b746f..b4eb19a0d7c069c53cd046d0da40bfcad66b5497 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 62
fcmZ3%bc2a=vR|lgKqMnW*+fn^O$B1XM2`mmn-dHZ

delta 20
bcmcb?w1SCqvR|lgKqMoB+eA*ciS;)DLwp9x

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.npy
index c6a0bb7764813b2dadf080e8cbcc459754cd3ab6..0d395e90bbfaafb8d01fdd60c0587fc90fdeab29 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 61
fcmZ3%bc2a=vR|lgKqMnW*+fn^4Fw{>ME8dPkSq)G

delta 20
bcmcb?w1SCqvR|lgKqMoB+eA*ciS;)DLwp9x

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.npy
index f4636857438af347e46db797b99f4351e2d2a4cc..4c6863fb98fa6d50a4dead2aa48a86b7e6bbed75 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 56
ecmb<e!N@t;FVr_6l98coBBz^*0uf-Mvnc>i6$)Db

delta 19
acmZ3%Siw2jFVr_6l99n}BB$HLdQAX2RRy;I

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.npy
index f4636857438af347e46db797b99f4351e2d2a4cc..4c6863fb98fa6d50a4dead2aa48a86b7e6bbed75 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 56
ecmb<e!N@t;FVr_6l98coBBz^*0uf-Mvnc>i6$)Db

delta 19
acmZ3%Siw2jFVr_6l99n}BB$HLdQAX2RRy;I


From 808ceb4a803909a309a00d72fbfd633d81843ea8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 2020 20:54:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 112/606] Portable and generic implementation of endianess
 detection

No need to have it non-portable just for the sake of being constexpr, especially
as both gcc and clang fold the result at -O2.
---
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp | 23 +++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index 9f86c03a6..2e7882023 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <complex>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
@@ -42,17 +43,15 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
 
-    /* Compile-time test for byte order.
-       If your compiler does not define these per default, you may want to define
-       one of these constants manually.
-       Defaults to little endian order. */
-#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN || defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || \
-    defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__THUMBEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__) ||             \
-    defined(_MIBSEB) || defined(__MIBSEB) || defined(__MIBSEB__)
-        const bool big_endian = true;
-#else
-        const bool big_endian = false;
-#endif
+        /* Test for endianess. Compiler can optimize that to a single constant. */
+        static inline bool is_big_endian()
+        {
+            uint32_t utmp = 0x01020304;
+            char btmp[sizeof(utmp)];
+            std::memcpy(&btmp[0], &utmp, sizeof(utmp));
+            const bool big_endian = btmp[0] == 0x01;
+            return big_endian;
+        }
 
         const char magic_string[] = "\x93NUMPY";
         const std::size_t magic_string_length = 6;
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ namespace xt
         const char big_endian_char = '>';
         const char no_endian_char = '|';
 
-        constexpr char host_endian_char = (big_endian ? big_endian_char : little_endian_char);
+        char host_endian_char = (is_big_endian() ? big_endian_char : little_endian_char);
 
         template <class O>
         inline void write_magic(O& ostream,

From cf840966b27d18200cd423cf8ecb923cb0179e83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2020 10:02:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 113/606] Only use -march=native if it's available

Not all architecture support this flag, e.g. gcc on ppc64le doesn't support this
flag.
---
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt        | 3 ++-
 docs/source/build-options.rst   | 3 ++-
 docs/source/getting_started.rst | 2 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt             | 6 ++++--
 xtensorConfig.cmake.in          | 5 ++++-
 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 267dff5c1..4dc77a93d 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
 string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" U_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 
 if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel")
-    if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
+    CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
+    if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
         set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
     endif()
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -O3 -g -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder")
diff --git a/docs/source/build-options.rst b/docs/source/build-options.rst
index b712dd6ea..8f91fd3b3 100644
--- a/docs/source/build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/build-options.rst
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ anything, the system will do its best to enable the most recent supported instru
 Linux/OSX
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
-Whether you enabled ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD`` or not, it is highly recommended to build with ``-march=native`` option:
+Whether you enabled ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD`` or not, it is highly recommended to build with ``-march=native`` option,
+if your compiler supports it:
 
 .. code:: cmake
 
diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index 4f675a478..134c08dac 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The following minimal ``CMakeLists.txt`` is enough to build the first example:
 
         target_link_libraries(... xtensor::optimize)
 
-    set the following compiler flags:
+    set the following compiler flags, if supported by the target compiler:
 
     *   Unix: ``-march=native``;
     *   Windows: ``/EHsc /MP /bigobj``.
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 9c15c1ea2..ebb72b0a0 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ if(NOT _cxx_std_flag)
 endif()
 
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel" AND NOT WIN32))
-  if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
+  CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
+  if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
   endif()
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion")
@@ -83,7 +84,8 @@ elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
   endif()
 elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
   if(NOT WIN32)
-    if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
+    CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
+    if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
       set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
     endif()
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion")
diff --git a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
index 37391dab9..24989fa5d 100644
--- a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
+++ b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@ if (${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.11)
             target_compile_options(xtensor::optimize INTERFACE /EHsc /MP /bigobj)
         # gcc, clang, ...
         else()
-            target_compile_options(xtensor::optimize INTERFACE -march=native)
+            CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
+            if(arch_native_supported)
+              target_compile_options(xtensor::optimize INTERFACE -march=native)
+          endif()
         endif()
     endif()
 

From b0e09616ade17c91efebd586897dc75c582f224b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2020 16:35:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 114/606] Add specific xchunked_array constructor for
 xchunk_store_manager

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 14 ++++--------
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++--
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             |  5 ++--
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 597a8ac33..5a1aee37a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace xt
     class xindex_path
     {
     public:
-        void set_directory(const char* directory);
+        void set_directory(const std::string& directory);
         template <class I>
         void index_to_path(I, I, std::string&);
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t size();
 
         void set_pool_size(std::size_t n);
-        void set_directory(const char* directory);
+        void set_directory(const std::string& directory);
         IP& get_index_path();
         void flush();
 
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ namespace xt
         using index_pool_type = std::vector<shape_type>;
 
         shape_type m_shape;
-        shape_type m_shape_internal;
         chunk_pool_type m_chunk_pool;
         index_pool_type m_index_pool;
         std::size_t m_unload_index;
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ namespace xt
      * xindex_path implementation *
      ******************************/
 
-    void xindex_path::set_directory(const char* directory)
+    void xindex_path::set_directory(const std::string& directory)
     {
         m_directory = directory;
         if (m_directory.back() != '/')
@@ -175,7 +174,6 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, class IP>
     inline xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::xchunk_store_manager()
         : m_shape()
-        , m_shape_internal()
         // default pool size is 1
         // so that first chunk is always resized to the chunk shape
         , m_chunk_pool(1u)
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // don't resize according to total number of chunks
         // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
-        m_shape_internal = shape;
+        m_shape = shape;
     }
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
@@ -311,11 +309,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
-    void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_directory(const char* directory)
+    void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_directory(const std::string& directory)
     {
         m_index_path.set_directory(directory);
-        // make shape public
-        m_shape = m_shape_internal;
     }
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 74c3ab722..d741bbfee 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -6,10 +6,22 @@
 
 #include "xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xchunk_store_manager.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_chunk_store_manager : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+    
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_chunk_store_manager<xchunk_store_manager<T>>
+        : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
     /******************************
      * xchunked_array declaration *
      ******************************/
@@ -69,8 +81,12 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = false;
 
-        template <class S>
+        template <class S, class U = typename std::enable_if<is_chunk_store_manager<chunk_storage>::value>>
+        xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, const std::string& directory, std::size_t pool_size = 1);
+
+        template <class S, class U = typename std::enable_if<!is_chunk_store_manager<chunk_storage>::value>>
         xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
+
         ~xchunked_array() = default;
 
         xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
@@ -212,7 +228,16 @@ namespace xt
      *********************************/
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class S>
+    template <class S, class U>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, const std::string& directory, std::size_t pool_size)
+    {
+        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        m_chunks.set_directory(directory);
+        m_chunks.set_pool_size(pool_size);
+    }
+
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class S, class U>
     inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
     {
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 990f69b3c..85ee4c781 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -117,9 +117,8 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 4};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2};
         std::string chunk_dir = "files";
-        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape);
-        a1.chunks().set_directory(chunk_dir.c_str());
-        a1.chunks().set_pool_size(2);
+        std::size_t pool_size = 2;
+        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape, chunk_dir, pool_size);
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {1, 2};
         double v1 = 3.4;
         double v2 = 5.6;

From d1de15ca3e899b0679dab4ff52e7fc4330b6d93d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2020 18:53:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 115/606] Make xnpy tests aware of both little and big endian
 targets

Provide reference files for both endianess system, and pick the right one at
runtime.

Fix #2181
---
 test/CMakeLists.txt                           |  21 +++++----
 .../xnpy_files/{bool.npy => bool.be.npy}      | Bin
 test/files/xnpy_files/bool.le.npy             | Bin 0 -> 155 bytes
 .../{bool_fortran.npy => bool_fortran.be.npy} | Bin
 test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.le.npy     | Bin 0 -> 155 bytes
 .../xnpy_files/{double.npy => double.be.npy}  | Bin
 test/files/xnpy_files/double.le.npy           | Bin 0 -> 344 bytes
 ...uble_fortran.npy => double_fortran.be.npy} | Bin
 test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.le.npy   | Bin 0 -> 344 bytes
 test/files/xnpy_files/{int.npy => int.be.npy} | Bin
 test/files/xnpy_files/int.le.npy              | Bin 0 -> 148 bytes
 .../{unsignedlong.npy => unsignedlong.be.npy} | Bin
 ...edlong_fortran.npy => unsignedlong.le.npy} | Bin
 .../xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.be.npy    | Bin 0 -> 168 bytes
 .../xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.le.npy    | Bin 0 -> 168 bytes
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                            |  40 +++++++++---------
 16 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
 rename test/files/xnpy_files/{bool.npy => bool.be.npy} (100%)
 create mode 100644 test/files/xnpy_files/bool.le.npy
 rename test/files/xnpy_files/{bool_fortran.npy => bool_fortran.be.npy} (100%)
 create mode 100644 test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.le.npy
 rename test/files/xnpy_files/{double.npy => double.be.npy} (100%)
 create mode 100644 test/files/xnpy_files/double.le.npy
 rename test/files/xnpy_files/{double_fortran.npy => double_fortran.be.npy} (100%)
 create mode 100644 test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.le.npy
 rename test/files/xnpy_files/{int.npy => int.be.npy} (100%)
 create mode 100644 test/files/xnpy_files/int.le.npy
 rename test/files/xnpy_files/{unsignedlong.npy => unsignedlong.be.npy} (100%)
 rename test/files/xnpy_files/{unsignedlong_fortran.npy => unsignedlong.le.npy} (100%)
 create mode 100644 test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.be.npy
 create mode 100644 test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.le.npy

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 9c15c1ea2..dca304a2a 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -240,17 +240,20 @@ endif()
 
 # Add files for npy tests
 set(XNPY_FILES
-    bool.npy
-    bool_fortran.npy
-    double.npy
-    double_fortran.npy
-    int.npy
-    unsignedlong.npy
-    unsignedlong_fortran.npy
+    bool
+    bool_fortran
+    double
+    double_fortran
+    int
+    unsignedlong
+    unsignedlong_fortran
 )
+
 foreach(filename IN LISTS XNPY_FILES)
-    configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/files/xnpy_files/${filename}
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/files/xnpy_files/${filename} COPYONLY)
+    foreach(suffix .be.npy .le.npy)
+        configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/files/xnpy_files/${filename}${suffix}
+            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/files/xnpy_files/${filename}${suffix} COPYONLY)
+    endforeach()
 endforeach()
 
 set(XTENSOR_PREPROCESS_FILES
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/bool.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/bool.be.npy
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/xnpy_files/bool.npy
rename to test/files/xnpy_files/bool.be.npy
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/bool.le.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/bool.le.npy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..528c0eefb7a173b90a0249a82500bb061f2dd8e5
GIT binary patch
literal 155
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.be.npy
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.npy
rename to test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.be.npy
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.le.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.le.npy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6766f6a40ea0491e363d3d4a87b9bd52b723022
GIT binary patch
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literal 0
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diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/double.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/double.be.npy
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/xnpy_files/double.npy
rename to test/files/xnpy_files/double.be.npy
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/double.le.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/double.le.npy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4eb19a0d7c069c53cd046d0da40bfcad66b5497
GIT binary patch
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diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.be.npy
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.npy
rename to test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.be.npy
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.le.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.le.npy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d395e90bbfaafb8d01fdd60c0587fc90fdeab29
GIT binary patch
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zcmbR27wQ`j$;eQ~P_3SlTAW;@Zl$1ZlV+i=qoAIaUsO_*m=~X4l#&V(4=E~51qv5u
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/int.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/int.be.npy
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/xnpy_files/int.npy
rename to test/files/xnpy_files/int.be.npy
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/int.le.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/int.le.npy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d24dd3f56963a4d7d94e8335184a66bb8ca8f945
GIT binary patch
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.be.npy
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.npy
rename to test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.be.npy
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.le.npy
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.npy
rename to test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.le.npy
diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.be.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.be.npy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c6863fb98fa6d50a4dead2aa48a86b7e6bbed75
GIT binary patch
literal 168
zcmbR27wQ`j$;eQ~P_3SlTAW;@Zl$1ZQ);2EqoAIaUsO_*m=~X4l#&V(cT3DEP6dh=
lXCxM+0{I%II+{8PwF(pfE*=I5;DgcvP+AB|PrM3Y0RXkr9U}k$

literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.le.npy b/test/files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.le.npy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c6863fb98fa6d50a4dead2aa48a86b7e6bbed75
GIT binary patch
literal 168
zcmbR27wQ`j$;eQ~P_3SlTAW;@Zl$1ZQ);2EqoAIaUsO_*m=~X4l#&V(cT3DEP6dh=
lXCxM+0{I%II+{8PwF(pfE*=I5;DgcvP+AB|PrM3Y0RXkr9U}k$

literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 651c37743..49df9fb32 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    std::string get_load_filename(std::string const& npy_prefix, layout_type lt = layout_type::row_major) {
+      using detail::is_big_endian;
+      std::string lts = lt == layout_type::row_major ? "" : "_fortran";
+      std::string endianess = is_big_endian() ? ".be" : ".le";
+      return npy_prefix + lts + endianess + ".npy";
+    }
+
     TEST(xnpy, load)
     {
         xarray<double> darr = {{{ 0.29731723,  0.04380157,  0.94748308},
@@ -41,28 +48,28 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<int> iarr1d = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
 
-        auto darr_loaded = load_npy<double>("files/xnpy_files/double.npy");
+        auto darr_loaded = load_npy<double>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double"));
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded)));
 
-        std::ifstream dstream("files/xnpy_files/double.npy");
+        std::ifstream dstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double"));
         auto darr_loaded_stream = load_npy<double>(dstream);
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded_stream)))
             << "Loading double numpy array from stream failed";
         dstream.close();
 
-        auto barr_loaded = load_npy<bool>("files/xnpy_files/bool.npy");
+        auto barr_loaded = load_npy<bool>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded)));
 
-        std::ifstream bstream("files/xnpy_files/bool.npy");
+        std::ifstream bstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
         auto barr_loaded_stream = load_npy<bool>(bstream);
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded_stream)))
             << "Loading boolean numpy array from stream failed";
         bstream.close();
 
-        auto dfarr_loaded = load_npy<double, layout_type::column_major>("files/xnpy_files/double_fortran.npy");
+        auto dfarr_loaded = load_npy<double, layout_type::column_major>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double_fortran"));
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(darr, dfarr_loaded)));
 
-        auto iarr1d_loaded = load_npy<int>("files/xnpy_files/int.npy");
+        auto iarr1d_loaded = load_npy<int>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/int"));
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(iarr1d, iarr1d_loaded)));
     }
 
@@ -79,7 +86,8 @@ namespace xt
             fn1_contents.size() == fn2_contents.size();
     }
 
-    std::string get_filename(int n)
+
+    std::string get_dump_filename(int n)
     {
         std::string filename = "files/xnpy_files/test_dump_" + std::to_string(n) + ".npy";
         return filename;
@@ -92,7 +100,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xnpy, dump)
     {
-        std::string filename = get_filename(0);
+        std::string filename = get_dump_filename(0);
         xarray<bool> barr = {{{0, 0, 1},
                               {1, 1, 0},
                               {1, 0, 1}},
@@ -106,11 +114,7 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<uint64_t, 1> ularr = {12ul, 14ul, 16ul, 18ul, 1234321ul};
         dump_npy(filename, barr);
 
-        std::string compare_name = "files/xnpy_files/bool.npy";
-        if (barr.layout() == layout_type::column_major)
-        {
-            compare_name = "files/xnpy_files/bool_fortran.npy";
-        }
+        std::string compare_name = get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool", barr.layout());
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(compare_binary_files(filename, compare_name));
 
@@ -120,16 +124,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::remove(filename.c_str());
 
-        filename = get_filename(1);
+        filename = get_dump_filename(1);
         dump_npy(filename, ularr);
         auto ularrcpy = load_npy<uint64_t>(filename);
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(ularr, ularrcpy)));
 
-        compare_name = "files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong.npy";
-        if (barr.layout() == layout_type::column_major)
-        {
-            compare_name = "files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong_fortran.npy";
-        }
+        compare_name = get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/unsignedlong", barr.layout());
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(compare_binary_files(filename, compare_name));
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xnpy, xfunction_cast)
     {
         // compilation test, cf: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/issues/1070
-        auto dc = cast<char>(load_npy<double>("files/xnpy_files/double.npy"));
+        auto dc = cast<char>(load_npy<double>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double")));
         EXPECT_EQ(dc(0, 0), 0);
         xarray<char> adc = dc;
         EXPECT_EQ(adc(0, 0), 0);

From 5d933a3ff905831e163442805be9128be1a59bff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 07:06:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 116/606] Fixed constructors of xchunked_array

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index d741bbfee..5d0ed36cf 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,24 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    template <class T>
+    struct enable_chunk_store_manager
+        : std::enable_if<is_chunk_store_manager<T>::value, int>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    using enable_chunk_store_manager_t = typename enable_chunk_store_manager<T>::type;
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct disable_chunk_store_manager
+        : std::enable_if<!is_chunk_store_manager<T>::value, int>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    using disable_chunk_store_manager_t = typename disable_chunk_store_manager<T>::type;
+
     /******************************
      * xchunked_array declaration *
      ******************************/
@@ -81,12 +99,19 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = false;
 
-        template <class S, class U = typename std::enable_if<is_chunk_store_manager<chunk_storage>::value>>
-        xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, const std::string& directory, std::size_t pool_size = 1);
-
-        template <class S, class U = typename std::enable_if<!is_chunk_store_manager<chunk_storage>::value>>
+        template <class S,
+                  class CS = chunk_storage,
+                  disable_chunk_store_manager_t<CS> = 0>
         xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
 
+        template <class S,
+                  class CS = chunk_storage,
+                  enable_chunk_store_manager_t<CS> = 0>
+        xchunked_array(S&& shape,
+                       S&& chunk_shape,
+                       const std::string& directory,
+                       std::size_t pool_size = 1);
+
         ~xchunked_array() = default;
 
         xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
@@ -228,19 +253,22 @@ namespace xt
      *********************************/
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class S, class U>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, const std::string& directory, std::size_t pool_size)
+    template <class S, class T, disable_chunk_store_manager_t<T>>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
     {
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
-        m_chunks.set_directory(directory);
-        m_chunks.set_pool_size(pool_size);
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class S, class U>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    template <class S, class T, enable_chunk_store_manager_t<T>>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape,
+                                                  S&& chunk_shape,
+                                                  const std::string& directory,
+                                                  std::size_t pool_size)
     {
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        m_chunks.set_directory(directory);
+        m_chunks.set_pool_size(pool_size);
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>

From 79c0ee4433996362df04b6bc9466351191a758ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 20:49:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 117/606] First implementation of zchunked_wrapper

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp               |   7 ++
 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp          | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 test/test_zarray.cpp                     |  12 +++
 5 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 5a1aee37a..4e5378267 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace xt
      * xindex_path implementation *
      ******************************/
 
-    void xindex_path::set_directory(const std::string& directory)
+    inline void xindex_path::set_directory(const std::string& directory)
     {
         m_directory = directory;
         if (m_directory.back() != '/')
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 5d0ed36cf..5b8fa5f27 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::has_linear_assign(const S&) const noexcept
     {
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 653d6b23f..2d698ae93 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         const xarray<T>& get_array() const;
 
+        const zchunked_array& as_chunked_array() const;
+
     private:
 
         template <class E>
@@ -170,6 +172,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return dynamic_cast<const ztyped_array<T>*>(p_impl.get())->get_array();
     }
+
+    inline const zchunked_array& zarray::as_chunked_array() const
+    {
+        return dynamic_cast<const zchunked_array&>(*(p_impl.get()));
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
index d845f8e0b..d12ea2b89 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #define XTENSOR_ZARRAY_IMPL_HPP
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -154,6 +155,56 @@ namespace xt
         CTE m_array;
     };
 
+    /********************
+     * zchunked_wrapper *
+     ********************/
+
+    class zchunked_array
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
+
+        virtual ~zchunked_array() = default;
+        virtual const shape_type& chunk_shape() const = 0;
+    };
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    class zchunked_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>,
+                             public zchunked_array
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using self_type = zchunked_wrapper;
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
+        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
+        using shape_type = typename zchunked_array::shape_type;
+
+        template <class E>
+        zchunked_wrapper(E&& e);
+
+        virtual ~zchunked_wrapper() = default;
+
+        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
+        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
+
+        self_type* clone() const override;
+
+        const shape_type& chunk_shape() const override;
+
+    private:
+
+        zchunked_wrapper(const zchunked_wrapper&) = default;
+
+        void compute_cache() const;
+
+        CTE m_chunked_array;
+        shape_type m_chunk_shape;
+        mutable xarray<value_type> m_cache;
+        mutable bool m_cache_initialized;
+
+    };
+
     /***********************
      * zexpression_wrapper *
      ***********************/
@@ -228,6 +279,60 @@ namespace xt
         return new self_type(*this);
     }
 
+    /********************
+     * zchunked_wrapper *
+     ********************/
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    template <class E>
+    inline zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::zchunked_wrapper(E&& e)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_chunked_array(std::forward<E>(e))
+        , m_chunk_shape(m_chunked_array.chunk_shape().size())
+        , m_cache()
+        , m_cache_initialized(false)
+    {
+        std::copy(m_chunked_array.chunk_shape().begin(),
+                  m_chunked_array.chunk_shape().end(),
+                  m_chunk_shape.begin());
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        compute_cache();
+        return m_cache;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
+    {
+        compute_cache();
+        return m_cache;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
+    {
+        return new self_type(*this);
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_chunk_shape;
+    }
+
+    template <class CTE>
+    inline void zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::compute_cache() const
+    {
+        if (!m_cache_initialized)
+        {
+            m_cache = m_chunked_array;
+            m_cache_initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
     /******************
      * zarray builder *
      ******************/
@@ -244,13 +349,27 @@ namespace xt
         {
         };
 
+        template <class E>
+        struct is_chunked_array : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class CS, class E>
+        struct is_chunked_array<xchunked_array<CS, E>> : std::true_type
+        {
+        };
+
         template <class E>
         struct zwrapper_builder
         {
             using closure_type = xtl::closure_type_t<E>;
             using wrapper_type = std::conditional_t<is_xarray<std::decay_t<E>>::value,
                                                     zarray_wrapper<closure_type>,
-                                                    zexpression_wrapper<closure_type>>;
+                                                    std::conditional_t<is_chunked_array<std::decay_t<E>>::value,
+                                                                       zchunked_wrapper<closure_type>,
+                                                                       zexpression_wrapper<closure_type>
+                                                                      >
+                                                    >;
 
             template <class OE>
             static wrapper_type* run(OE&& e)
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index 133048725..9fb11ca1d 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -123,6 +123,18 @@ namespace xt
         const auto& res = zres.get_array<double>();
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
     }
+
+    TEST(zarray, chunked_array)
+    {
+        using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
+        shape_type shape = {10, 10, 10};
+        shape_type chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
+        xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<double>>> a(shape, chunk_shape);
+
+        zarray za(a);
+        shape_type res = za.as_chunked_array().chunk_shape();
+        EXPECT_EQ(res, chunk_shape);
+    }
 }
 #endif
 

From 9517bcbb93758aefafba56c422e8a3f872004af2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 2020 11:53:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 118/606] Don't mark dirty a resized or reshaped xfile_array

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp    | 5 -----
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 5b8fa5f27..663d6b335 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -266,9 +266,9 @@ namespace xt
                                                   const std::string& directory,
                                                   std::size_t pool_size)
     {
-        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
         m_chunks.set_directory(directory);
         m_chunks.set_pool_size(pool_size);
+        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
index 666384061..7bc410359 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
@@ -403,7 +403,6 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, bool force)
     {
         m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), force);
-        m_dirty = true;
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
@@ -411,7 +410,6 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, layout_type l)
     {
         m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), l);
-        m_dirty = true;
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
@@ -419,7 +417,6 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides)
     {
         m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), strides);
-        m_dirty = true;
     }
 
     template <class E, class IOH>
@@ -427,7 +424,6 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) & -> self_type&
     {
         m_storage.reshape(std::forward<S>(shape), layout);
-        m_dirty = true;
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -436,7 +432,6 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout) & -> self_type&
     {
         m_storage.reshape(shape, layout);
-        m_dirty = true;
         return *this;
     }
 

From 39fcc6bf5afd646080a186b0da0eec9fbee4cd3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 2020 12:15:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 119/606] Replaced catch-all constructor of zarray with more
 restrictive ones

---
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
index 2d698ae93..a27ef6c2e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ namespace xt
         zarray() = default;
         ~zarray() = default;
 
-        template <class E, class U = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of<std::decay_t<E>, zarray>::value>>
-        zarray(E&& e);
-
         zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl);
         zarray& operator=(implementation_ptr&& impl);
 
@@ -56,6 +53,15 @@ namespace xt
         zarray(zarray&& rhs);
         zarray& operator=(zarray&& rhs);
 
+        template <class E>
+        zarray(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+        template <class E>
+        zarray(xexpression<E>& e);
+
+        template <class E>
+        zarray(xexpression<E>&& e);
+        
         template <class E>
         zarray& operator=(const xexpression<E>&);
 
@@ -99,12 +105,6 @@ namespace xt
         p_impl = nullptr;
         semantic_base::assign(e);
     }
-    
-    template <class E, class U>
-    inline zarray::zarray(E&& e)
-    {
-        init_implementation(std::forward<E>(e), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
-    }
 
     inline zarray::zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl)
         : p_impl(std::move(impl))
@@ -134,6 +134,24 @@ namespace xt
     {
     }
 
+    template <class E>
+    inline zarray::zarray(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    {
+        init_implementation(e.derived_cast(), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline zarray::zarray(xexpression<E>& e)
+    {
+        init_implementation(e.derived_cast(), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline zarray::zarray(xexpression<E>&& e)
+    {
+        init_implementation(std::move(e).derived_cast(), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
+    }
+
     inline zarray& zarray::operator=(zarray&& rhs)
     {
         swap(rhs);

From 2aa535b7e545cb5b1e80a309e47d39de7ee70f3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 2020 15:08:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 120/606] Fixed SFINAE based on xchunked_store_manager

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 663d6b335..f8b3779e2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
     
-    template <class T>
-    struct is_chunk_store_manager<xchunk_store_manager<T>>
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    struct is_chunk_store_manager<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
         : std::true_type
     {
     };

From 3375147a9fc01d20aa6572c0e6b0dcd791cf7c7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 2020 18:07:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 121/606] Add set_chunk_shape to the first chunk of the pool

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 10 ++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       |  1 +
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index 4e5378267..f662c986f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         void resize(S&& shape);
 
+        template <class S>
+        void set_chunk_shape(S&& chunk_shape);
+
         std::size_t size();
 
         void set_pool_size(std::size_t n);
@@ -260,6 +263,13 @@ namespace xt
         m_shape = shape;
     }
 
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    template <class S>
+    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_chunk_shape(S&& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        m_chunk_pool[0].resize(chunk_shape);
+    }
+
     template <class EC, class IP>
     inline std::size_t xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::size()
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index f8b3779e2..569976b2f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ namespace xt
                                                   const std::string& directory,
                                                   std::size_t pool_size)
     {
+        m_chunks.set_chunk_shape(chunk_shape);
         m_chunks.set_directory(directory);
         m_chunks.set_pool_size(pool_size);
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));

From 2ea71a5c30c1a695ae8b8cdbc1dc67d79211b53c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 10:47:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 122/606] Remove xchunk_store_manager setters

---
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 60 +++++++-----------------
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       | 21 +++++----
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
index f662c986f..409f1102d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ namespace xt
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
         using shape_type = typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type;
 
-        xchunk_store_manager();
+        template <class S>
+        xchunk_store_manager(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, const std::string& directory, std::size_t pool_size);
         ~xchunk_store_manager() = default;
 
         xchunk_store_manager(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
@@ -108,13 +109,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         void resize(S&& shape);
 
-        template <class S>
-        void set_chunk_shape(S&& chunk_shape);
-
         std::size_t size();
 
-        void set_pool_size(std::size_t n);
-        void set_directory(const std::string& directory);
         IP& get_index_path();
         void flush();
 
@@ -175,15 +171,23 @@ namespace xt
      ***************************************/
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
-    inline xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::xchunk_store_manager()
-        : m_shape()
-        // default pool size is 1
-        // so that first chunk is always resized to the chunk shape
-        , m_chunk_pool(1u)
-        , m_index_pool(1u)
+    template <class S>
+    inline xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::xchunk_store_manager(S&& shape,
+                                                              S&& chunk_shape,
+                                                              const std::string& directory,
+                                                              std::size_t pool_size)
+        : m_shape(shape)
+        , m_chunk_pool(pool_size)
+        , m_index_pool(pool_size)
         , m_unload_index(0u)
     {
-        m_chunk_pool[0].ignore_empty_path(true);
+        // resize the pool chunks
+        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
+        {
+            chunk.resize(chunk_shape);
+            chunk.ignore_empty_path(true);
+        }
+        m_index_path.set_directory(directory);
     }
 
     template <class EC, class IP>
@@ -263,36 +267,12 @@ namespace xt
         m_shape = shape;
     }
 
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class S>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_chunk_shape(S&& chunk_shape)
-    {
-        m_chunk_pool[0].resize(chunk_shape);
-    }
-
     template <class EC, class IP>
     inline std::size_t xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::size()
     {
         return compute_size(m_shape);
     }
 
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_pool_size(std::size_t n)
-    {
-        // first chunk always has the correct shape
-        // get the shape before resizing the pool
-        auto chunk_shape = m_chunk_pool[0].storage().shape();
-        m_chunk_pool.resize(n);
-        m_index_pool.resize(n);
-        m_unload_index = 0;
-        // resize the pool chunks
-        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
-        {
-            chunk.resize(chunk_shape);
-            chunk.ignore_empty_path(true);
-        }
-    }
-
     template <class EC, class IP>
     inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::flush()
     {
@@ -318,12 +298,6 @@ namespace xt
         return m_index_path;
     }
 
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::set_directory(const std::string& directory)
-    {
-        m_index_path.set_directory(directory);
-    }
-
     template <class EC, class IP>
     template <class I>
     inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::map_file_array(I first, I last) -> reference
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 569976b2f..6397794d5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ namespace xt
         using dynamic_indexes_type = std::pair<std::vector<std::size_t>, std::vector<std::size_t>>;
 
         template <class S1, class S2>
-        void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape);
+        void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, bool resize_chunks = true);
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         indexes_type<Idxs...> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const;
@@ -265,11 +265,11 @@ namespace xt
                                                   S&& chunk_shape,
                                                   const std::string& directory,
                                                   std::size_t pool_size)
+        : m_chunks(shape, chunk_shape, directory, pool_size)
     {
-        m_chunks.set_chunk_shape(chunk_shape);
-        m_chunks.set_directory(directory);
-        m_chunks.set_pool_size(pool_size);
-        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        // don't resize the "logical" chunks
+        // instead, the "physical" chunks in the pool are resized
+        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), false);
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S1, class S2>
-    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)
+    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, bool resize_chunks)
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
         std::vector<std::size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
@@ -478,10 +478,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         // resize the chunk container
         m_chunks.resize(shape_of_chunks);
-        // resize each chunk
-        for (auto& c: m_chunks)
+        if (resize_chunks)
         {
-            c.resize(chunk_shape);
+            // resize each chunk
+            for (auto& c: m_chunks)
+            {
+                c.resize(chunk_shape);
+            }
         }
 
         m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S1>(shape);

From 85e88b5d591da6caab3caf989fc2c472b7f93b9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gregory Lemercier <greglemercier@free.fr>
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2020 16:00:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 123/606] Fix generated cmake config to include missing
 required lib

---
 xtensorConfig.cmake.in | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
index 24989fa5d..833a30dfa 100644
--- a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
+++ b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ if (${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.11)
             target_compile_options(xtensor::optimize INTERFACE /EHsc /MP /bigobj)
         # gcc, clang, ...
         else()
+            include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
             CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
             if(arch_native_supported)
               target_compile_options(xtensor::optimize INTERFACE -march=native)

From 1f55e8574ff4e353587dc9d89cf2d3b692f69bc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2020 11:24:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 124/606] Deleted files that have been moved to xtensor-io

---
 CMakeLists.txt                           |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp | 361 --------------
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp       |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp     |  74 ---
 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp          | 607 -----------------------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             |  96 +---
 6 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 1138 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index ba8dc69f1..b2e5f8465 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 409f1102d..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,361 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNK_STORE_MANAGER_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_CHUNK_STORE_MANAGER_HPP
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <array>
-
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xcsv.hpp"
-#include "xio.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-
-    /***************************
-     * xindex_path declaration *
-     ***************************/
-
-    class xindex_path
-    {
-    public:
-        void set_directory(const std::string& directory);
-        template <class I>
-        void index_to_path(I, I, std::string&);
-
-    private:
-        std::string m_directory;
-    };
-
-    /************************************
-     * xchunk_store_manager declaration *
-     ************************************/
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    class xchunk_store_manager;
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
-    {
-        using storage_type = EC;
-        using reference = EC&;
-        using const_reference = const EC&;
-        using size_type = std::size_t;
-        using temporary_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>;
-    };
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
-    {
-        using inner_shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>, false>;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>, true>;
-    };
-
-    template <class EC, class IP = xindex_path>
-    class xchunk_store_manager: public xaccessible<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>,
-                                public xiterable<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>;
-        using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
-        using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
-        using value_type = storage_type;
-        using reference = EC&;
-        using const_reference = const EC&;
-        using pointer = value_type*;
-        using const_pointer = const value_type*;
-        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
-        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
-        using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
-        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
-        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
-        using shape_type = typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type;
-
-        template <class S>
-        xchunk_store_manager(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, const std::string& directory, std::size_t pool_size);
-        ~xchunk_store_manager() = default;
-
-        xchunk_store_manager(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
-        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(const xchunk_store_manager&) = default;
-
-        xchunk_store_manager(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
-        xchunk_store_manager& operator=(xchunk_store_manager&&) = default;
-
-        const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
-
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        reference operator()(Idxs... idxs);
-
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const;
-
-        template <class It>
-        reference element(It first, It last);
-
-        template <class It>
-        const_reference element(It first, It last) const;
-
-        template <class O>
-        stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
-
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
-
-        template <class S>
-        void resize(S&& shape);
-
-        std::size_t size();
-
-        IP& get_index_path();
-        void flush();
-
-        template <class C>
-        void configure_format(C& config);
-
-        template <class I>
-        reference map_file_array(I first, I last);
-
-        template <class I>
-        const_reference map_file_array(I first, I last) const;
-
-    private:
-
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const;
-
-        using chunk_pool_type = std::vector<EC>;
-        using index_pool_type = std::vector<shape_type>;
-
-        shape_type m_shape;
-        chunk_pool_type m_chunk_pool;
-        index_pool_type m_index_pool;
-        std::size_t m_unload_index;
-        IP m_index_path;
-    };
-
-    /******************************
-     * xindex_path implementation *
-     ******************************/
-
-    inline void xindex_path::set_directory(const std::string& directory)
-    {
-        m_directory = directory;
-        if (m_directory.back() != '/')
-        {
-            m_directory.push_back('/');
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class I>
-    void xindex_path::index_to_path(I first, I last, std::string& path)
-    {
-        std::string fname;
-        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
-        {
-            if (!fname.empty())
-            {
-                fname.push_back('.');
-            }
-            fname.append(std::to_string(*it));
-        }
-        path = m_directory + fname;
-    }
-
-    /***************************************
-     * xchunk_store_manager implementation *
-     ***************************************/
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class S>
-    inline xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::xchunk_store_manager(S&& shape,
-                                                              S&& chunk_shape,
-                                                              const std::string& directory,
-                                                              std::size_t pool_size)
-        : m_shape(shape)
-        , m_chunk_pool(pool_size)
-        , m_index_pool(pool_size)
-        , m_unload_index(0u)
-    {
-        // resize the pool chunks
-        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
-        {
-            chunk.resize(chunk_shape);
-            chunk.ignore_empty_path(true);
-        }
-        m_index_path.set_directory(directory);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
-    {
-        return m_shape;
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
-    {
-        auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-        return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
-    {
-        auto index = get_indexes(idxs...);
-        return map_file_array(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
-    {
-        return map_file_array(first, last);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
-    {
-        return map_file_array(first, last);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset, true);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class S>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::resize(S&& shape)
-    {
-        // don't resize according to total number of chunks
-        // instead the pool manages a number of in-memory chunks
-        m_shape = shape;
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    inline std::size_t xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::size()
-    {
-        return compute_size(m_shape);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    inline void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::flush()
-    {
-        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
-        {
-            chunk.flush();
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class C>
-    void xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::configure_format(C& config)
-    {
-        for (auto& chunk: m_chunk_pool)
-        {
-            chunk.configure_format(config);
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    IP& xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::get_index_path()
-    {
-        return m_index_path;
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class I>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::map_file_array(I first, I last) -> reference
-    {
-        std::string path;
-        m_index_path.index_to_path(first, last, path);
-        if (first == last)
-        {
-            return m_chunk_pool[0];
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // check if the chunk is already loaded in memory
-            const auto it1 = std::find_if(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), [first, last](const auto& v)
-                { return std::equal(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), first, last); });
-            std::size_t i;
-            if (it1 != m_index_pool.cend())
-            {
-                i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it1));
-                return m_chunk_pool[i];
-            }
-            // if not, find a free chunk in the pool
-            std::vector<std::size_t> empty_index;
-            const auto it2 = std::find(m_index_pool.cbegin(), m_index_pool.cend(), empty_index);
-            if (it2 != m_index_pool.cend())
-            {
-                i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(m_index_pool.cbegin(), it2));
-                m_chunk_pool[i].set_path(path);
-                m_index_pool[i].resize(static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last)));
-                std::copy(first, last, m_index_pool[i].begin());
-                return m_chunk_pool[i];
-            }
-            // no free chunk, take one (which will thus be unloaded)
-            // fairness is guaranteed through the use of a walking index
-            m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index].set_path(path);
-            m_index_pool[m_unload_index].resize(static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last)));
-            std::copy(first, last, m_index_pool[m_unload_index].begin());
-            auto& chunk = m_chunk_pool[m_unload_index];
-            m_unload_index = (m_unload_index + 1) % m_index_pool.size();
-            return chunk;
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class I>
-    inline auto xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::map_file_array(I first, I last) const -> const_reference
-    {
-        return const_cast<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>*>(this)->map_file_array(first, last);
-    }
-
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    template <class... Idxs>
-    inline std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>
-    xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const
-    {
-        std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)> indexes = {{idxs...}};
-        return indexes;
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 6397794d5..c712121b0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@
 
 #include "xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xchunk_store_manager.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    template <class EC, class IP>
+    class xchunk_store_manager;
+
     template <class T>
     struct is_chunk_store_manager : std::false_type
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 47095f777..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef XTENSOR_DISK_IO_HANDLER_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_DISK_IO_HANDLER_HPP
-
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-    template <class C>
-    class xdisk_io_handler
-    {
-    public:
-
-        template <class E>
-        void write(const xexpression<E>& expression, const std::string& path) const;
-
-        template <class ET>
-        void read(ET& array, const std::string& path, bool throw_on_fail = false) const;
-
-        void configure_format(const C& format_config);
-
-    private:
-
-        C m_format_config;
-    };
-
-    template <class C>
-    template <class E>
-    inline void xdisk_io_handler<C>::write(const xexpression<E>& expression, const std::string& path) const
-    {
-        std::ofstream out_file(path, std::ofstream::binary);
-        if (out_file.is_open())
-        {
-            dump_file(out_file, expression, m_format_config);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "write: failed to open file " + path);
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class C>
-    template <class ET>
-    inline void xdisk_io_handler<C>::read(ET& array, const std::string& path, bool throw_on_fail) const
-    {
-        std::ifstream in_file(path, std::ifstream::binary);
-        if (in_file.is_open())
-        {
-            load_file<ET>(in_file, array, m_format_config);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (throw_on_fail)
-            {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "read: failed to open file " + path);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                auto shape = array.shape();
-                array = zeros<typename ET::value_type>(shape);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class C>
-    inline void xdisk_io_handler<C>::configure_format(const C& format_config)
-    {
-        m_format_config = format_config;
-    }
-
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7bc410359..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/xfile_array.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,607 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef XTENSOR_FILE_ARRAY_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_FILE_ARRAY_HPP
-
-#include <istream>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xnoalias.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-
-    template <class T>
-    class xfile_value_reference
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = xfile_value_reference<T>;
-        using const_reference = const T&;
-
-        xfile_value_reference(T& value, bool& dirty);
-        ~xfile_value_reference() = default;
-
-        xfile_value_reference(const xfile_value_reference&) = default;
-        xfile_value_reference(xfile_value_reference&&) = default;
-
-        self_type& operator=(const self_type&);
-        self_type& operator=(self_type&&);
-
-        template <class V>
-        self_type& operator=(const V&);
-
-        template <class V>
-        self_type& operator+=(const V&);
-
-        template <class V>
-        self_type& operator-=(const V&);
-
-        template <class V>
-        self_type& operator*=(const V&);
-
-        template <class V>
-        self_type& operator/=(const V&);
-
-        operator const_reference() const;
-
-    private:
-
-        T& m_value;
-        bool& m_dirty;
-    };
-}
-
-namespace std
-{
-    template <class T>
-    struct is_signed<xt::xfile_value_reference<T>>
-        : is_signed<T>
-    {
-    };
-}
-
-namespace xt
-{
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    class xfile_array_container;
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>
-    {
-        using storage_type = E;
-        using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
-        using reference = xfile_value_reference<value_type>;
-        using const_reference = typename storage_type::const_reference;
-        using size_type = typename storage_type::size_type;
-        using temporary_type = xfile_array_container<E, IOH>;
-    };
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>
-    {
-        using inner_shape_type = typename E::shape_type;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>, true>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>, false>;
-    };
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    class xfile_array_container : public xaccessible<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>,
-                                  public xiterable<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>,
-                                  public xcontainer_semantic<xfile_array_container<E, IOH>>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = xfile_array_container<E, IOH>;
-        using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
-        using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
-        using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
-        using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
-        using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
-        using reference = typename inner_types::reference;
-        using const_reference = typename inner_types::const_reference;
-        using pointer = typename storage_type::pointer;
-        using const_pointer = typename storage_type::const_pointer;
-        using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
-        using difference_type = typename storage_type::difference_type;
-        using shape_type = typename storage_type::shape_type;
-        using strides_type = typename storage_type::strides_type;
-        using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
-        using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
-        using temporary_type = typename inner_types::temporary_type;
-        using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
-        static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
-        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = true;
-
-        xfile_array_container() = default;
-        ~xfile_array_container();
-
-        xfile_array_container(const self_type&) = default;
-        self_type& operator=(const self_type&) = default;
-
-        xfile_array_container(self_type&&) = default;
-        self_type& operator=(self_type&&) = default;
-
-        template <class OE>
-        xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e);
-
-        template <class OE>
-        xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e, const std::string& path);
-
-        template <class OE>
-        self_type& operator=(const xexpression<OE>& e);
-
-        size_type size() const noexcept;
-        const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
-        layout_type layout() const noexcept;
-        bool is_contiguous() const noexcept;
-
-        template <class S = shape_type>
-        void resize(S&& shape, bool force = false);
-        template <class S = shape_type>
-        void resize(S&& shape, layout_type l);
-        template <class S = shape_type>
-        void resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides);
-
-        template <class S = shape_type>
-        self_type& reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
-
-        template <class T>
-        self_type& reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
-
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        reference operator()(Idxs... idxs);
-
-        template <class... Idxs>
-        const_reference operator()(Idxs... idxs) const;
-
-        template <class It>
-        reference element(It first, It last);
-
-        template <class It>
-        const_reference element(It first, It last) const;
-
-        storage_type& storage() noexcept;
-        const storage_type& storage() const noexcept;
-
-        template <class S>
-        bool broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const;
-
-        template <class S>
-        bool has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept;
-
-        template <class O>
-        stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept;
-
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept;
-        template <class O>
-        const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
-
-        reference data_element(size_type i);
-        const_reference data_element(size_type i) const;
-
-        template <class requested_type>
-        using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;
-
-        template <class align, class simd>
-        void store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
-        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
-        container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
-        load_simd(size_type i) const;
-
-        const std::string& path() const noexcept;
-        void ignore_empty_path(bool ignore);
-        void set_path(const std::string& path);
-
-        template <class C>
-        void configure_format(C& config);
-
-        void flush();
-
-    private:
-
-        bool enable_io(const std::string& path) const;
-
-        E m_storage;
-        bool m_dirty;
-        IOH m_io_handler;
-        std::string m_path;
-        bool m_ignore_empty_path;
-    };
-
-    template <class T,
-              class IOH,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
-              class SA = std::allocator<typename std::vector<T, A>::size_type>>
-    using xfile_array = xfile_array_container<xarray<T, L, A, SA>, IOH>;
-
-    /****************************************
-     * xfile_value_reference implementation *
-     ****************************************/
-
-    template <class T>
-    inline xfile_value_reference<T>::xfile_value_reference(T& value, bool& dirty)
-        : m_value(value), m_dirty(dirty)
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator=(const V& v) -> self_type&
-    {
-        if (v != m_value)
-        {
-            m_value = v;
-            m_dirty = true;
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator+=(const V& v) -> self_type&
-    {
-        if (v != T(0))
-        {
-            m_value += v;
-            m_dirty = true;
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator-=(const V& v) -> self_type&
-    {
-        if (v != T(0))
-        {
-            m_value -= v;
-            m_dirty = true;
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator*=(const V& v) -> self_type&
-    {
-        if (v != T(1))
-        {
-            m_value *= v;
-            m_dirty = true;
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    template <class V>
-    inline auto xfile_value_reference<T>::operator/=(const V& v) -> self_type&
-    {
-        if (v != T(1))
-        {
-            m_value /= v;
-            m_dirty = true;
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    inline xfile_value_reference<T>::operator const_reference() const
-    {
-        return m_value;
-    }
-
-    /****************************************
-     * xfile_array_container implementation *
-     ****************************************/
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        // Workaround for VS2015
-        template <class E>
-        using try_path = decltype(std::declval<E>().path());
-
-        template <class E, template <class> class OP, class = void>
-        struct file_helper_impl
-        {
-            using is_stored = std::false_type;
-
-            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>&)
-            {
-                return "";
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class E, template <class> class OP>
-        struct file_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
-        {
-            using is_stored = std::true_type;
-
-            static const char* path(const xexpression<E>& e)
-            {
-                return e.derived_cast().path();
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        using file_helper = file_helper_impl<E, try_path>;
-    }
-
-    template<class E>
-    constexpr bool is_stored(const xexpression<E>&)
-    {
-        using return_type = typename detail::file_helper<E>::is_stored;
-        return return_type::value;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::~xfile_array_container()
-    {
-        flush();
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class OE>
-    inline xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e)
-        : m_storage(e)
-        , m_dirty(true)
-        , m_io_handler()
-        , m_path(detail::file_helper<E>::path(e))
-        , m_ignore_empty_path(false)
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class OE>
-    inline xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::xfile_array_container(const xexpression<OE>& e, const std::string& path)
-        : m_storage(e)
-        , m_dirty(true)
-        , m_io_handler()
-        , m_path(path)
-        , m_ignore_empty_path(false)
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class OE>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator=(const xexpression<OE>& e) -> self_type&
-    {
-        return semantic_base::operator=(e);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::size() const noexcept -> size_type
-    {
-        return m_storage.size();
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
-    {
-        return m_storage.shape();
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type
-    {
-        return m_storage.layout();
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
-    {
-        return m_storage.is_contiguous();
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class S>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, bool force)
-    {
-        m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), force);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class S>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, layout_type l)
-    {
-        m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), l);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class S>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides)
-    {
-        m_storage.resize(std::forward<S>(shape), strides);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class S>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) & -> self_type&
-    {
-        m_storage.reshape(std::forward<S>(shape), layout);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class T>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout) & -> self_type&
-    {
-        m_storage.reshape(shape, layout);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
-    {
-        return reference(m_storage(idxs...), m_dirty);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
-    {
-        return m_storage(idxs...);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class It>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
-    {
-        return reference(m_storage.element(first, last), m_dirty);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class It>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
-    {
-        return m_storage.element(first, last);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::storage() noexcept -> storage_type&
-    {
-        return m_storage;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::storage() const noexcept -> const storage_type&
-    {
-        return m_storage;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class S>
-    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::broadcast_shape(S& s, bool reuse_cache) const
-    {
-        return m_storage.broadcast_shape(s, reuse_cache);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class S>
-    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept
-    {
-        return m_storage.has_linear_assign(strides);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) noexcept -> stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, offset, true);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_begin(const O& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class O>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::data_element(size_type i) -> reference
-    {
-        return reference(m_storage.data_element(i), m_dirty);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::data_element(size_type i) const -> const_reference
-    {
-        return m_storage.element(i);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class align, class simd>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
-    {
-        m_storage.store_simd(i, e);
-        m_dirty = true;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::load_simd(size_type i) const
-        -> container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
-    {
-        return m_storage.load_simd(i);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline const std::string& xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::path() const noexcept
-    {
-        return m_path;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    template <class C>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::configure_format(C& config)
-    {
-        m_io_handler.configure_format(config);
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::ignore_empty_path(bool ignore)
-    {
-        m_ignore_empty_path = ignore;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline bool xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::enable_io(const std::string& path) const
-    {
-        return !path.empty() || !m_ignore_empty_path;
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::set_path(const std::string& path)
-    {
-        if (path != m_path)
-        {
-            // maybe write to old file
-            flush();
-            m_path = path;
-            // read new file
-            if (enable_io(path))
-            {
-                m_io_handler.read(m_storage, path);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class E, class IOH>
-    inline void xfile_array_container<E, IOH>::flush()
-    {
-        if (m_dirty)
-        {
-            if (enable_io(m_path))
-            {
-                m_io_handler.write(m_storage, m_path);
-            }
-            m_dirty = false;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 85ee4c781..d16f006b2 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -9,11 +9,9 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xchunk_store_manager.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfile_array.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xdisk_io_handler.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
@@ -48,9 +46,6 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, assign_expression)
     {
-#ifdef _MSC_FULL_VER
-        std::cout << "MSC_FULL_VER = " << _MSC_FULL_VER << std::endl;
-#endif
         std::vector<size_t> shape1 = {2, 2, 2};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape1 = {2, 3, 4};
         in_memory_chunked_array a1(shape1, chunk_shape1);
@@ -111,93 +106,4 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 3);
         }
     }
-
-    TEST(xchunked_array, disk_array)
-    {
-        std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 4};
-        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2};
-        std::string chunk_dir = "files";
-        std::size_t pool_size = 2;
-        xchunked_array<xchunk_store_manager<xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>>> a1(shape, chunk_shape, chunk_dir, pool_size);
-        std::vector<size_t> idx = {1, 2};
-        double v1 = 3.4;
-        double v2 = 5.6;
-        double v3 = 7.8;
-        a1(2, 1) = v1;
-        a1[idx] = v2;
-        a1(0, 0) = v3; // this should unload chunk 1.0
-        ASSERT_EQ(a1(2, 1), v1);
-        ASSERT_EQ(a1[idx], v2);
-        ASSERT_EQ(a1(0, 0), v3);
-
-        std::ifstream in_file;
-        xt::xarray<double> ref;
-        xt::xarray<double> data;
-        in_file.open(chunk_dir + "/1.0");
-        data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
-        ref = {{0, v1}, {0, 0}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
-        in_file.close();
-
-        a1.chunks().flush();
-        in_file.open(chunk_dir + "/0.1");
-        data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
-        ref = {{0, 0}, {v2, 0}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
-        in_file.close();
-
-        in_file.open(chunk_dir + "/0.0");
-        data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
-        ref = {{v3, 0}, {0, 0}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
-        in_file.close();
-    }
-
-    TEST(xfile_array, indexed_access)
-    {
-        std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 2, 2};
-        xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>> a;
-        a.ignore_empty_path(true);
-        a.resize(shape);
-        double val = 3.;
-        for (auto it: a)
-            it = val;
-        for (auto it: a)
-            ASSERT_EQ(it, val);
-    }
-
-    TEST(xfile_array, assign_expression)
-    {
-        double v1 = 3.;
-        auto a1 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>(broadcast(v1, {2, 2}), "a1");
-        a1.ignore_empty_path(true);
-        for (const auto& v: a1)
-        {
-            EXPECT_EQ(v, v1);
-        }
-
-        double v2 = 2. * v1;
-        auto a2 = xfile_array<double, xdisk_io_handler<xcsv_config>>(a1 + a1, "a2");
-        a2.ignore_empty_path(true);
-        for (const auto& v: a2)
-        {
-            EXPECT_EQ(v, v2);
-        }
-
-        a1.flush();
-        a2.flush();
-
-        std::ifstream in_file;
-        in_file.open("a1");
-        auto data = load_csv<double>(in_file);
-        xarray<double> ref = {{v1, v1}, {v1, v1}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
-        in_file.close();
-
-        in_file.open("a2");
-        data = load_csv<double>(in_file);
-        ref = {{v2, v2}, {v2, v2}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(data, ref);
-        in_file.close();
-    }
 }

From 3a9bd7c147ffaacff63e7db72cedbca2091fc9f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2020 21:46:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 125/606] Refactored xchunked_array constructors

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 107 ++++++++++-------------------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       |   7 +-
 test/test_zarray.cpp               |   2 +-
 3 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index c712121b0..3b93a5069 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -4,44 +4,13 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <array>
 
+#include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    class xchunk_store_manager;
-
-    template <class T>
-    struct is_chunk_store_manager : std::false_type
-    {
-    };
-    
-    template <class EC, class IP>
-    struct is_chunk_store_manager<xchunk_store_manager<EC, IP>>
-        : std::true_type
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <class T>
-    struct enable_chunk_store_manager
-        : std::enable_if<is_chunk_store_manager<T>::value, int>
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <class T>
-    using enable_chunk_store_manager_t = typename enable_chunk_store_manager<T>::type;
-
-    template <class T>
-    struct disable_chunk_store_manager
-        : std::enable_if<!is_chunk_store_manager<T>::value, int>
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <class T>
-    using disable_chunk_store_manager_t = typename disable_chunk_store_manager<T>::type;
-
     /******************************
      * xchunked_array declaration *
      ******************************/
@@ -101,19 +70,8 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = false;
 
-        template <class S,
-                  class CS = chunk_storage,
-                  disable_chunk_store_manager_t<CS> = 0>
-        xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
-
-        template <class S,
-                  class CS = chunk_storage,
-                  enable_chunk_store_manager_t<CS> = 0>
-        xchunked_array(S&& shape,
-                       S&& chunk_shape,
-                       const std::string& directory,
-                       std::size_t pool_size = 1);
-
+        template <class S>
+        xchunked_array(chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
         ~xchunked_array() = default;
 
         xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
@@ -184,7 +142,7 @@ namespace xt
         using dynamic_indexes_type = std::pair<std::vector<std::size_t>, std::vector<std::size_t>>;
 
         template <class S1, class S2>
-        void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, bool resize_chunks = true);
+        void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape);
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         indexes_type<Idxs...> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const;
@@ -209,6 +167,9 @@ namespace xt
     template<class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
+    template <class T, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
+
     /*******************************
      * chunk_helper implementation *
      *******************************/
@@ -227,6 +188,16 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 return e.derived_cast().shape();
             }
+
+            template <class S1, class S2>
+            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape)
+            {
+                chunks.resize(container_shape);
+                for(auto& c: chunks)
+                {
+                    c.resize(chunk_shape);
+                }
+            }
         };
 
         template <class E, template <class> class OP>
@@ -237,6 +208,12 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 return e.derived_cast().chunk_shape();
             }
+
+            template <class S1, class S2>
+            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape)
+            {
+                chunks.resize(container_shape, chunk_shape);
+            }
         };
 
         template <class E>
@@ -250,30 +227,25 @@ namespace xt
         return return_type::value;
     }
 
+    template <class T, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T>>;
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+    }
+
     /*********************************
      * xchunked_array implementation *
      *********************************/
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class S, class T, disable_chunk_store_manager_t<T>>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    template <class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(CS&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+        : m_chunks(chunks)
     {
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class S, class T, enable_chunk_store_manager_t<T>>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(S&& shape,
-                                                  S&& chunk_shape,
-                                                  const std::string& directory,
-                                                  std::size_t pool_size)
-        : m_chunks(shape, chunk_shape, directory, pool_size)
-    {
-        // don't resize the "logical" chunks
-        // instead, the "physical" chunks in the pool are resized
-        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), false);
-    }
-
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class E>
     inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
@@ -460,7 +432,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S1, class S2>
-    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, bool resize_chunks)
+    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
         std::vector<std::size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
@@ -478,16 +450,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
         );
 
-        // resize the chunk container
-        m_chunks.resize(shape_of_chunks);
-        if (resize_chunks)
-        {
-            // resize each chunk
-            for (auto& c: m_chunks)
-            {
-                c.resize(chunk_shape);
-            }
-        }
+        detail::chunk_helper<CS>::resize(m_chunks, shape_of_chunks, chunk_shape);
 
         m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S1>(shape);
         m_chunk_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S2>(chunk_shape);
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index d16f006b2..c3d65dcd7 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
-        in_memory_chunked_array a(shape, chunk_shape);
+        auto a = chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
 
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {3, 9, 8};
         double val;
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::vector<size_t> shape1 = {2, 2, 2};
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape1 = {2, 3, 4};
-        in_memory_chunked_array a1(shape1, chunk_shape1);
+        auto a1 = chunked_array<double>(shape1, chunk_shape1);
         double val;
 
         val = 3.;
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         std::vector<size_t> shape2 = {32, 10, 10};
-        in_memory_chunked_array a2(shape2, chunk_shape1);
+        auto a2 = chunked_array<double>(shape2, chunk_shape1);
 
         a2 = broadcast(val, a2.shape());
         for (const auto& v: a2)
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
index 9fb11ca1d..6597d866b 100644
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_zarray.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
         shape_type shape = {10, 10, 10};
         shape_type chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
-        xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<double>>> a(shape, chunk_shape);
+        auto a = chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
 
         zarray za(a);
         shape_type res = za.as_chunked_array().chunk_shape();

From 5e370fa4665dd16bdd67a28f5d8af7ed2d42eea7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2020 16:50:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 126/606] Refactored xchunked_array semantic

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 220 +++++++++++++++++++++++------
 include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp      |  16 +--
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       |  11 +-
 3 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 3b93a5069..97f89d69d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -11,6 +11,59 @@
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    /*********************************
+     * xchunked_semantic declaration *
+     *********************************/
+
+    template <class T, class chunk_storage>
+    class xchunked_assigner
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using temporary_type = T;
+
+        template <class E, class DST>
+        void build_and_assign_temporary(const xexpression<E>& e, DST& dst);
+    };
+
+    template <class D>
+    class xchunked_semantic : public xsemantic_base<D>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using base_type = xsemantic_base<D>;
+        using derived_type = D;
+        using temporary_type = typename base_type::temporary_type;
+
+        template <class E>
+        derived_type& assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+        template <class E>
+        derived_type& computed_assign(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+        template <class E, class F>
+        derived_type& scalar_computed_assign(const E& e, F&& f);
+
+    protected:
+
+        xchunked_semantic() = default;
+        ~xchunked_semantic() = default;
+
+        xchunked_semantic(const xchunked_semantic&) = default;
+        xchunked_semantic& operator=(const xchunked_semantic&) = default;
+
+        xchunked_semantic(xchunked_semantic&&) = default;
+        xchunked_semantic& operator=(xchunked_semantic&&) = default;
+
+        template <class E>
+        derived_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+    private:
+
+        template <class CS>
+        xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS> get_assigner(const CS&) const;
+    };
+
     /******************************
      * xchunked_array declaration *
      ******************************/
@@ -43,7 +96,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class chunk_storage, class extension>
     class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
                           public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
-                          public xcontainer_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
+                          public xchunked_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
                           public extension
     {
     public:
@@ -53,7 +106,7 @@ namespace xt
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
         using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>;
-        using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<self_type>;
+        using semantic_base = xchunked_semantic<self_type>;
         using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
@@ -81,10 +134,10 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_array& operator=(xchunked_array&&) = default;
 
         template <class E>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e);
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e , chunk_storage_type&& chunks);
 
         template <class E, class S>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape);
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape);
 
         template <class E>
         xchunked_array& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
@@ -167,8 +220,16 @@ namespace xt
     template<class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
-    template <class T, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
+    template <class T, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
+
+    template <class EXT = empty_extension, class E, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape);
+
+    template <class EXT = empty_extension, class E>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e);
 
     /*******************************
      * chunk_helper implementation *
@@ -227,62 +288,68 @@ namespace xt
         return return_type::value;
     }
 
-    template <class T, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    template <class T, class EXT, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
     {
         using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
     }
 
-    /*********************************
-     * xchunked_array implementation *
-     *********************************/
-
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(CS&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
-        : m_chunks(chunks)
+    template <class EXT, class E, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape)
     {
-        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>;
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class E>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
-        : xchunked_array(e, detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e))
+    template <class EXT, class E>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
     {
+        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>;
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage());
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    template <class E, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+    /************************************
+     * xchunked_semantic implementation *
+     ************************************/
+
+    template <class T, class CS>
+    template <class E, class DST>
+    inline void xchunked_assigner<T, CS>::build_and_assign_temporary(const xexpression<E>& e, DST& dst)
     {
-        resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
-        assign(e);
+        temporary_type tmp(e, CS(), dst.chunk_shape());
+        dst = std::move(tmp);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class D>
     template <class E>
-    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::assign(const xexpression<E>& e)
-    {
-        xstrided_slice_vector sv(m_chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
-        std::transform(m_chunk_shape.begin(), m_chunk_shape.end(), sv.begin(),
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        using shape_type = std::decay_t<decltype(this->derived_cast().shape())>;
+        using size_type = typename shape_type::size_type;
+        const auto& chunk_shape = this->derived_cast().chunk_shape();
+        auto& chunks = this->derived_cast().chunks();
+        size_t dimension = this->derived_cast().dimension();
+        xstrided_slice_vector sv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
+        std::transform(chunk_shape.begin(), chunk_shape.end(), sv.begin(),
                        [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
-        shape_type ic(this->dimension());  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
+        shape_type ic(dimension);  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
         size_type ci = 0;
-        for (auto& chunk: m_chunks)
+        for (auto& chunk: chunks)
         {
             noalias(chunk) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
-            bool last_chunk = ci == m_chunks.size() - 1;
+            bool last_chunk = ci == chunks.size() - 1;
             if (!last_chunk)
             {
-                size_type di = this->dimension() - 1;
+                size_type di = dimension - 1;
                 while (true)
                 {
-                    if (ic[di] + 1 == m_chunks.shape()[di])
+                    if (ic[di] + 1 == chunks.shape()[di])
                     {
                         ic[di] = 0;
-                        sv[di] = range(0, m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                        sv[di] = range(0, chunk_shape[di]);
                         if (di == 0)
                         {
                             break;
@@ -295,21 +362,92 @@ namespace xt
                     else
                     {
                         ic[di] += 1;
-                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * m_chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * chunk_shape[di]);
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             }
             ++ci;
         }
+        return this->derived_cast();
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::computed_assign(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        D& d = this->derived_cast();
+        if (e.derived_cast().dimension() > d.dimension()
+            || e.derived_cast().shape() > d.shape())
+        {
+            return operator=(e);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return assign_xexpression(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    template <class E, class F>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::scalar_computed_assign(const E& e, F&& f) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        for (auto& c: this->derived_cast().chunks())
+        {
+            c.scalar_computed_assign(e, f);
+        }
+        return this->derived_cast();
+    }
+    
+    template <class D>
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        D& d = this->derived_cast();
+        get_assigner(d.chunks()).build_and_assign_temporary(e, d);
+        return d;
+    }
+    
+    template <class D>
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::get_assigner(const CS&) const -> xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>
+    {
+        return xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>();
+    }
+
+    /*********************************
+     * xchunked_array implementation *
+     *********************************/
+
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(CS&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+        : m_chunks(std::move(chunks))
+    {
+        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+    }
+
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks)
+        : xchunked_array(e, std::move(chunks), detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class E, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape)
+        : m_chunks(std::move(chunks))
+    {
+        resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        semantic_base::assign_xexpression(e);
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class E>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
     {
-        assign(e);
-        return *this;
+        return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
index 1479ef76c..2f0b233eb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator+=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() + e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() + e.derived_cast();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator-=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() - e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() - e.derived_cast();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator*=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() * e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() * e.derived_cast();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator/=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() / e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() / e.derived_cast();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator%=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() % e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() % e.derived_cast();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator&=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() & e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() & e.derived_cast();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator|=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() | e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() | e.derived_cast();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator^=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        return operator=(this->derived_cast() ^ e.derived_cast());
+        return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() ^ e.derived_cast();
     }
     //@}
 
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index c3d65dcd7..9b5211e04 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val);
         }
 
+        a2 += 2.;
+        for (const auto& v: a2)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val + 2.);
+        }
+
+
         xarray<double> a3
           {{1., 2., 3.},
            {4., 5., 6.},
@@ -80,7 +87,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a3), false);
 
         std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape4 = {2, 2};
-        auto a4 = in_memory_chunked_array(a3, chunk_shape4);
+        auto a4 = chunked_array(a3, chunk_shape4);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a4), true);
 
@@ -98,7 +105,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2);
         }
 
-        auto a6 = in_memory_chunked_array(a3);
+        auto a6 = chunked_array(a3);
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a6), true);
         for (const auto& v: a6.chunk_shape())
         {

From 337f1daaee552f798f1f3636b849c72c7176bd85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2020 23:39:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 127/606] Added missing header to CMakeLists.txt

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index b2e5f8465..64dfd0755 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zassign.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zfunction.hpp

From ce9fc55af5074a5c6f5bbe478c142cd75655b404 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xBYTESHIFT <0xBYTESHIFT@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 2020 04:38:40 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 128/606] changed std traits to new xtl::xtraits

---
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp        | 20 +++++------
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp       |  6 ++--
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp      |  8 ++---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp    |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp    |  6 ++--
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp    |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xio.hpp           |  6 ++--
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp         | 40 ++++++++++-----------
 include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp         |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xpad.hpp          |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp       |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xslice.hpp        | 60 +++++++++++++++----------------
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp         |  8 ++---
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp      |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp        | 14 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp         |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp   |  6 ++--
 18 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 102 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index 21cc7e5fb..8b18e55a4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, L, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(C&& container, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, L, std::decay_t<SC>>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container), shape, l);
     }
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace xt
                            std::is_pointer<C>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<C, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<C>>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, L, std::decay_t<SC>>;
         std::size_t size = compute_size(shape);
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(C&& container, SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container),
                            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, L, SC>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A())
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, L, SC>;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xarray_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A())
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>;
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<C, detail::array_size<SC>::value, L>
     adapt(C&& container, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, N, L>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container), shape, l);
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ namespace xt
                            std::is_pointer<C>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<C, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<C>>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<buffer_type, N, L>;
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<C, detail::array_size<SC>::value, layout_type::dynamic>
     adapt(C&& container, SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, N, layout_type::dynamic>;
         return return_type(std::forward<C>(container),
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, detail::array_size<SC>::value, L>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A())
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, detail::array_size<SC>::value, layout_type::dynamic>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A())
     {
-        static_assert(!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
+        static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         (void)ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index b4f172b4d..e2de9a81f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -530,9 +530,9 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = std::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value &&
+        static const bool value = xtl::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value &&
             (sizeof(result_type) < sizeof(argument_type) ||
-             (std::is_integral<result_type>::value && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
+             (xtl::is_integral<result_type>::value && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
     };
 
     template <class FROM, class TO>
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = std::is_signed<argument_type>::value != std::is_signed<result_type>::value;
+        static const bool value = xtl::is_signed<argument_type>::value != xtl::is_signed<result_type>::value;
     };
 
     template <class FROM, class TO>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 56ece953f..113f05796 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         // These methods should be private methods of arange_generator, however thi leads
         // to ICE on VS2015
-        template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_integral<X>)>
+        template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<X>)>
         inline void arange_assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, U start, X step) noexcept
         {
             auto& de = e.derived_cast();
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
-        template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_integral<X>>)>
+        template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
         inline void arange_assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, U start, X step) noexcept
         {
             auto& buf = e.derived_cast().storage();
@@ -295,10 +295,10 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T, class S>
-        using both_integer = xtl::conjunction<std::is_integral<T>, std::is_integral<S>>;
+        using both_integer = xtl::conjunction<xtl::is_integral<T>, xtl::is_integral<S>>;
 
         template <class T, class S>
-        using integer_with_signed_integer = xtl::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, std::is_signed<S>>;
+        using integer_with_signed_integer = xtl::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, xtl::is_signed<S>>;
 
         template <class T, class S>
         using integer_with_unsigned_integer = xtl::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, std::is_unsigned<S>>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 87fc3682b..83b17cc4e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline auto& xstrided_container<D>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) &
     {
-        reshape_impl(std::forward<S>(shape), std::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<S>::value_type>>(), std::forward<layout_type>(layout));
+        reshape_impl(std::forward<S>(shape), xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<S>::value_type>>(), std::forward<layout_type>(layout));
         return this->derived_cast();
     }
 
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ namespace xt
         using sh_type = rebind_container_t<T, shape_type>;
         sh_type sh = xtl::make_sequence<sh_type>(shape.size());
         std::copy(shape.begin(), shape.end(), sh.begin());
-        reshape_impl(std::move(sh), std::is_signed<T>(), std::forward<layout_type>(layout));
+        reshape_impl(std::move(sh), xtl::is_signed<T>(), std::forward<layout_type>(layout));
         return this->derived_cast();
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index 481c6c1a9..c02498b30 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -385,14 +385,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class O>
     inline auto xgenerator<F, R, S>::reshape(O&& shape) const &
     {
-        return reshape_view(*this, compute_shape(shape, std::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<O>::value_type>()));
+        return reshape_view(*this, compute_shape(shape, xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<O>::value_type>()));
     }
 
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     template <class O>
     inline auto xgenerator<F, R, S>::reshape(O&& shape) &&
     {
-        return reshape_view(std::move(*this), compute_shape(shape, std::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<O>::value_type>()));
+        return reshape_view(std::move(*this), compute_shape(shape, xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<O>::value_type>()));
     }
 
     template <class F, class R, class S>
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ namespace xt
         using sh_type = xt::dynamic_shape<T>;
         sh_type sh = xtl::make_sequence<sh_type>(shape.size());
         std::copy(shape.begin(), shape.end(), sh.begin());
-        return compute_shape(std::move(sh), std::is_signed<T>());
+        return compute_shape(std::move(sh), xtl::is_signed<T>());
     }
 
     template <class F, class R, class S>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 0228d26d2..1563db26c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ namespace xt
             case histogram_algorithm::logspace:
             {
                 using rhs_value_type
-                    = std::conditional_t<std::is_integral<value_type>::value, double, value_type>;
+                    = std::conditional_t<xtl::is_integral<value_type>::value, double, value_type>;
 
                 xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges = xt::cast<value_type>(
                     xt::logspace<rhs_value_type>(std::log10(left), std::log10(right), bins + 1));
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ namespace xt
         using input_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
         using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::size_type;
 
-        static_assert(std::is_integral<typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>::value,
+        static_assert(xtl::is_integral<typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>::value,
                       "Bincount data has to be integral type.");
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(data.dimension() == 1);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.dimension() == 1);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
index 02d9829fb..1c49326ac 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct printer<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<typename T::value_type>::value && !std::is_same<typename T::value_type, bool>::value>>
+        struct printer<T, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<typename T::value_type>::value && !std::is_same<typename T::value_type, bool>::value>>
         {
             using value_type = std::decay_t<typename T::value_type>;
             using cache_type = std::vector<value_type>;
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     m_max = math::abs(val);
                 }
-                if (std::is_signed<value_type>::value && val < 0)
+                if (xtl::is_signed<value_type>::value && val < 0)
                 {
                     m_sign = true;
                 }
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct printer<T, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_fundamental<typename T::value_type>::value && !xtl::is_complex<typename T::value_type>::value>>
+        struct printer<T, std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_fundamental<typename T::value_type>::value && !xtl::is_complex<typename T::value_type>::value>>
         {
             using const_reference = typename T::const_reference;
             using value_type = std::decay_t<typename T::value_type>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 3cc5deb09..ebe95f520 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     auto squeeze(E&& e);
 
-    template <class E, class S, class Tag = check_policy::none, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, class S, class Tag = check_policy::none, std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<S>::value, int> = 0>
     auto squeeze(E&& e, S&& axis, Tag check_policy = Tag());
 
     template <class E>
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param check_policy select check_policy. With check_policy::full(), selecting an axis
      *        which is greater than one will throw a runtime_error.
      */
-    template <class E, class S, class Tag, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<S>::value, int>>
+    template <class E, class S, class Tag, std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<S>::value, int>>
     inline auto squeeze(E&& e, S&& axis, Tag check_policy)
     {
         return detail::squeeze_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(axis), check_policy);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index f4a3f5e84..eca4eff69 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -223,21 +223,21 @@ XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long long);
         // might return int instead of bool and the SIMD detection requires
         // bool return type.
         template <class T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
         isinf(const T& t)
         {
             return bool(std::isinf(t));
         }
 
         template <class T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
         isnan(const T& t)
         {
             return bool(std::isnan(t));
         }
 
         template <class T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
         isfinite(const T& t)
         {
             return bool(std::isfinite(t));
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ namespace detail {
 
 #define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, RESULT_TYPE, INIT)                                                \
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                            \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<X>>)>             \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>             \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                             \
     {                                                                                                             \
         using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }                                                                                                             \
                                                                                                                   \
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                            \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::is_integral<X>)>                            \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>                            \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                               \
     {                                                                                                             \
         return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                              \
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ namespace detail {
 
         struct deg2rad
         {
-            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
+            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double operator()(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
               return a * xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI / 180.0;
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ namespace detail {
               return a * xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI / A(180.0);
             }
 
-            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
+            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double simd_apply(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
               return a * xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI / 180.0;
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ namespace detail {
 
         struct rad2deg
         {
-            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
+            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double operator()(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
               return a * 180.0 / xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ namespace detail {
               return a * A(180.0) / xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI;
             }
 
-            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
+            template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double simd_apply(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
               return a * 180.0 / xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ namespace detail {
         struct sign_impl
         {
             template <class XT = T>
-            static constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<XT>::value, T> run(T x)
+            static constexpr std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_signed<XT>::value, T> run(T x)
             {
                 return std::isnan(x) ? std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN() : x == 0 ? T(copysign(T(0), x)) : T(copysign(T(1), x));
             }
@@ -1907,7 +1907,7 @@ namespace detail {
         }
 
         template <class T, class E, class X, class D, class EVS,
-                  XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::is_integral<D>)>
+                  XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, X&& axes, D const& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
@@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ namespace detail {
 #endif
 
         template <class T, class E, class D, class EVS,
-                  XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, std::is_integral<D>)>
+                  XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
         inline auto mean_noaxis(E&& e, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
@@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @sa mean
      */
     template <class E, class W, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<X>>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, X&& axes, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
         xindex_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type> broadcast_shape;
@@ -2091,7 +2091,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, std::is_integral<D>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         auto cached_mean = mean<T>(e, es)();
@@ -2134,7 +2134,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @sa stddev, mean
      */
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::is_integral<D>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, const D& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
@@ -2155,7 +2155,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
       return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
@@ -2522,7 +2522,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<X>>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT;
@@ -2531,7 +2531,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::is_integral<X>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return count_nonzero(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);
@@ -2565,14 +2565,14 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-             XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<std::is_integral<X>>)>
+             XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
     }
 
     template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-             XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::is_integral<X>)>
+             XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), {axes}, es);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
index 0d7b76494..1e2c3b62f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace xt
     namespace traits_detail
     {
 
-        template <class T, bool scalar = std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>
+        template <class T, bool scalar = xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value>
         struct norm_of_scalar_impl;
 
         template <class T>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ namespace xt
             using squared_norm_type = xtl::promote_type_t<T>;
         };
 
-        template <class T, bool integral = std::is_integral<T>::value,
+        template <class T, bool integral = xtl::is_integral<T>::value,
                   bool floating = std::is_floating_point<T>::value>
         struct norm_of_array_elements_impl;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
index 0fa254dec..263a8c8fe 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ namespace xt
       return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), std::vector<S>{reps});
     }
 
-    template <class E, class C, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_integral<C>>)>
+    template <class E, class C, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<C>>)>
     inline auto tile(E&& e, const C& reps)
     {
       return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), reps);
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param reps The number of repetitions of A along the first axis.
      * @return The tiled array.
      */
-    template <class E, class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_integral<S>)>
+    template <class E, class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<S>)>
     inline auto tile(E&& e, S reps)
     {
       std::vector<S> tw(e.shape().size(), static_cast<S>(1));
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 243992e34..4f3818586 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ namespace xt
         void shuffle(xexpression<T>& e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>>
+        std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>>
         permutation(T e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ namespace xt
          * @return randomly permuted copy of container or arange.
          */
         template <class T, class E>
-        std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>>
+        std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>>
         permutation(T e, E& engine)
         {
             xt::xtensor<T, 1> res = xt::arange<T>(e);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
index 17eb55fa7..20d32cfc9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
@@ -368,11 +368,11 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class T>
-        using disable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
+        using disable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
             xkeep_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>>;
 
         template <class T, class R>
-        using enable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, xkeep_slice<R>>;
+        using enable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xkeep_slice<R>>;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -492,11 +492,11 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class T>
-        using disable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
+        using disable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
                                      xdrop_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>>;
 
         template <class T, class R>
-        using enable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, xdrop_slice<R>>;
+        using enable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xdrop_slice<R>>;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -549,9 +549,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -559,9 +559,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -569,9 +569,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -580,9 +580,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -590,9 +590,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -602,9 +602,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -612,9 +612,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -622,9 +622,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !std::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
+                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
                                 xall<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct cast_if_integer<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
+        struct cast_if_integer<T, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value>>
         {
             using type = std::ptrdiff_t;
 
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ namespace xt
             template <class E, class SL>
             inline decltype(auto) operator()(E& e, SL&& slice, std::size_t index) const
             {
-                return get_slice(e, std::forward<SL>(slice), index, std::is_signed<std::decay_t<SL>>());
+                return get_slice(e, std::forward<SL>(slice), index, xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<SL>>());
             }
 
         private:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index a5de83b68..1ed7fe990 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @return partially sorted xcontainer
      */
     template <class E, class C, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>,
-              class = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+              class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
     inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph /*ax*/)
     {
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ namespace xt
         return partition(e, std::array<std::size_t, 1>({kth}), tag);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+    template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
     inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class E, class C,
               class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type>::type,
-              class = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+              class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
     inline R argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+    template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
     inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index a7de034ba..4b492b5a6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class shape_type>
     inline std::size_t compute_size(const shape_type& shape) noexcept
     {
-        return detail::compute_size_impl(shape, std::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<shape_type>::value_type>>());
+        return detail::compute_size_impl(shape, xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<shape_type>::value_type>>());
     }
 
     namespace detail
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 3fb4e59b5..85d8d1826 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class T, class R>
-    using disable_integral_t = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<T>::value, R>;
+    using disable_integral_t = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<T>::value, R>;
 
     /********************************
      * meta identity implementation *
@@ -365,8 +365,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class C>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value &&
-                     std::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value,
+    inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value &&
+                     xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value,
                      rebind_container_t<std::size_t, std::decay_t<C>>>
     normalize_axis(E& expr, C&& axes)
     {
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C, class E>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value && std::is_unsigned<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value, C&&>
+    inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value && std::is_unsigned<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value, C&&>
     normalize_axis(E& expr, C&& axes)
     {
         static_cast<void>(expr);
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class R, class E, class C>
     inline auto forward_normalize(E& expr, C&& axes)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value, R>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value, R>
     {
         R res;
         xt::resize_container(res, xtl::sequence_size(axes));
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class R, class E, class C>
     inline auto forward_normalize(E& expr, C&& axes)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && !std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value, R>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && !std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value, R>
     {
         static_cast<void>(expr);
 
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class R, class E, class C>
     inline auto forward_normalize(E& expr, C&& axes)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value, R&&>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value, R&&>
     {
         static_cast<void>(expr);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(std::begin(axes), std::end(axes), [&expr](auto ax_el) { return ax_el < expr.dimension(); }));
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 3aee09fc9..5d7ecd7d8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using slice = xtl::mpl::front_t<V>;
             static constexpr bool is_range_slice = is_xrange<slice>::value;
-            static constexpr bool is_int_slice = std::is_integral<slice>::value;
+            static constexpr bool is_int_slice = xtl::is_integral<slice>::value;
             static constexpr bool is_all_slice = is_xall_slice<slice>::value;
             static constexpr bool have_all_seen = all_seen || is_all_slice;
             static constexpr bool have_range_seen = is_range_slice;
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using slice = xtl::mpl::front_t<V>;
             static constexpr bool is_range_slice = is_xrange<slice>::value;
-            static constexpr bool is_int_slice = std::is_integral<slice>::value;
+            static constexpr bool is_int_slice = xtl::is_integral<slice>::value;
             static constexpr bool is_all_slice = is_xall_slice<slice>::value;
 
             static constexpr bool have_int_seen = int_seen || is_int_slice;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
index 79bdef881..727b9e17f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             static constexpr std::size_t count(std::size_t i) noexcept
             {
-                return i ? (integral_count_impl<S...>::count(i - 1) + (std::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 : 0)) : 0;
+                return i ? (integral_count_impl<S...>::count(i - 1) + (xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 : 0)) : 0;
             }
         };
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ namespace xt
             static constexpr std::size_t count_impl(std::size_t i) noexcept
             {
                 return 1 + (
-                    std::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ?
+                    xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ?
                     integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(i) :
                     integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(i - 1)
                     );
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             static constexpr std::size_t count_impl() noexcept
             {
-                return std::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 + integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(0) : 0;
+                return xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 + integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(0) : 0;
             }
         };
 

From 8066845e1bb1b5010a3fd31604bec0a244eb6373 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 2020 00:45:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 129/606] Fixed load_simd for xcomplex

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  5 +++--
 test/CMakeLists.txt            | 10 ++++++++--
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp         | 10 ++++++++++
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 87fc3682b..5431ab993 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
+#include <memory>
 #include <numeric>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
@@ -707,7 +708,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xcontainer<D>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
-        xt_simd::store_simd<value_type, typename simd::value_type>(&(storage()[i]), e, align_mode());
+        xt_simd::store_simd<value_type, typename simd::value_type>(std::addressof(storage()[i]), e, align_mode());
     }
 
     template <class D>
@@ -717,7 +718,7 @@ namespace xt
         //-> simd_return_type<requested_type>
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
-        return xt_simd::load_simd<value_type, requested_type>(&(storage()[i]), align_mode());
+        return xt_simd::load_simd<value_type, requested_type>(std::addressof(storage()[i]), align_mode());
     }
 
     template <class D>
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index dd742a558..06432b311 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -272,7 +272,10 @@ foreach(filename IN LISTS COMMON_BASE XTENSOR_TESTS)
     string(REPLACE ".cpp" "" targetname ${filename})
     add_executable(${targetname} ${filename} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
     if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-        target_compile_definitions(${targetname} PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
+        target_compile_definitions(${targetname}
+                                   PRIVATE
+                                   XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                                   XSIMD_ENABLE_XTL_COMPLEX)
         target_link_libraries(${targetname} PRIVATE xsimd)
     endif()
     if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
@@ -296,7 +299,10 @@ endforeach()
 
 add_executable(test_xtensor_lib ${COMMON_BASE} ${XTENSOR_TESTS} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-    target_compile_definitions(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
+    target_compile_definitions(test_xtensor_lib
+                               PRIVATE
+                               XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                               XSIMD_ENABLE_XTL_COMPLEX)
     target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE xsimd)
 endif()
 if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index e02f5c350..d693f5cb5 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 #include <complex>
+#include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
@@ -306,4 +308,12 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(rc(1).real(), r(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(rc(2).real(), r(2));
     }
+
+    TEST(xcomplex, xcomplex)
+    {
+        using complex_type = xtl::xcomplex<double>;
+        xt::xarray<complex_type> a = xt::ones<complex_type>(std::vector<size_t>(3,7));
+    
+        auto simd_loaded = a.template load_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode, complex_type, xt_simd::simd_traits<complex_type>::size>(0);
+    }
 }

From 3d5aafa1e51be781878dbb7660b06ddf09079745 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2020 00:14:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 130/606] Upgraded to xtl 0.6.20

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 0637ae430..974495c94 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.18 ^
+                        xtl==0.6.20 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index b7bfd103e..8fe69eb58 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.18
+  - xtl=0.6.20
   - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json

From 9e5c0bf4acc8b31ee2870b4e36fbb7d9999c1a84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mario Emmenlauer <memmenlauer@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2020 14:03:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 131/606] xstorage.hpp: Renamed a shadowing variable inside a
 function

---
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index 5d9f8696e..92e418191 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline void uvector<T, A>::reserve(size_type /*new_cap*/)
     {
     }
-    
+
     template <class T, class A>
     inline auto uvector<T, A>::capacity() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
@@ -1640,8 +1640,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t idx>
         constexpr static auto get()
         {
-            using cast_type = std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(X)>;
-            return std::get<idx>(cast_type{X...});
+            using tmp_cast_type = std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(X)>;
+            return std::get<idx>(tmp_cast_type{X...});
         }
 
         XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR operator cast_type() const
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR bool empty() const
         {
-            return sizeof...(X) == 0; 
+            return sizeof...(X) == 0;
         }
 
     private:

From ca1a90bdd886a1369e6f178732c04e2eeb4d5321 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2020 15:58:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 132/606] Release 0.21.8

---
 README.md                          |  3 +-
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 4ede9d9cd..23e85afd0 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.6.20 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.21.8   | ^0.6.20 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.7   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.6   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 88af028f8..c64c33e37 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,54 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.21.8
+------
+
+- Fix undefined behavior while testing shifts 
+  `#2175 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2175>`_
+- Fix ``zarray`` initialization from ``zarray``
+  `#2180 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2180>`_
+- Portable and generic implementation of endianess detection
+  `#2182 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2182>`_
+- Fix xnpy save padding computation
+  `#2183 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2183>`_
+- Only use ``-march=native`` if it's available
+  `#2184 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2184>`_
+- Fix ``xchunked_array`` assignment
+  `#2177 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2177>`_
+- Add specific ``xchunked_array`` constructor for ``xchunk_store_manager``
+  `#2188 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2188>`_
+- Make xnpy tests aware of both little and big endian targets
+  `#2189 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2189>`_
+- Fixed constructors of ``xchunked_array``
+  `#2190 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2190>`_
+- First implementation of ``zchunked_wrapper``
+  `#2193 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2193>`_
+- Don't mark dirty a resized or reshaped ``xfile_array``
+  `#2194 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2194>`_
+- Replaced catch-all constructor of ``zarray`` with more restrictive ones
+  `#2195 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2195>`_
+- Fixed SFINAE based on ``xchunked_store_manager``
+  `#2197 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2197>`_
+- Fix generated cmake config to include missing required lib
+  `#2200 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2200>`_
+- Add ``set_chunk_shape`` to the first chunk of the pool
+  `#2198 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2198>`_
+- Chunked array refactoring
+  `#2201 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2201>`_
+- Refactored ``xchunked_array`` semantic
+  `#2202 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2202>`_
+- Added missing header to CMakeLists.txt
+  `#2203 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2203>`_
+- Fixed ``load_simd`` for ``xcomplex``
+  `#2204 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2204>`_
+- Upgraded to xtl 0.6.20
+  `#2206 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2206>`_
+- changed std traits to new ``xtl::xtraits``
+  `#2205 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2205>`_
+- ``xstorage.hpp``: Renamed a shadowing variable inside a function
+  `#2207 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2207>`_
+
 0.21.7
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 9cf73c357..e885eed95 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.21.7
+  - xtensor=0.21.8
   - xtensor-blas=0.17.2
   - xeus-cling=0.8.1
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 46206aaf9..0853f62dd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 7
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 8
 
 // DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
 #ifdef __clang__

From d509a41f5e7ca5fce5a9c3b795f7cf03ca8eb3ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mario Emmenlauer <memmenlauer@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2020 07:21:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 133/606] xcontainer.hpp: Renamed a shadowing type name inside
 a function (#2208)

Renamed a shadowing types and  names
---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp    | 12 ++++++------
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  8 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp |  4 ++--
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index e2de9a81f..546b277fc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         static constexpr bool is_bool_conversion() { return is_bool<e2_value_type>::value && !is_bool<e1_value_type>::value; }
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout() { return E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout; }
-        static constexpr bool convertible_types() { return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value 
+        static constexpr bool convertible_types() { return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value
                                                         && !is_bool_conversion(); }
 
         static constexpr bool use_xsimd() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<int8_t>::size > 1; }
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
 
     public:
-        
+
         // constexpr methods instead of constexpr data members avoid the need of definitions at namespace
         // scope of these data members (since they are odr-used).
 
@@ -565,13 +565,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2, layout_type L>
     inline void stepper_assigner<E1, E2, L>::run()
     {
-        using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
+        using tmp_size_type = typename E1::size_type;
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<decltype(*m_rhs)>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<decltype(*m_lhs)>;
         constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value;
 
-        size_type s = m_e1.size();
-        for (size_type i = 0; i < s; ++i)
+        tmp_size_type s = m_e1.size();
+        for (tmp_size_type i = 0; i < s; ++i)
         {
             *m_lhs = conditional_cast<needs_cast, result_type>(*m_rhs);
             stepper_tools<L>::increment_stepper(*this, m_index, m_e1.shape());
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut;
         std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2, is_row_major);
 
-        if ((is_row_major && cut == e1.dimension()) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0)) 
+        if ((is_row_major && cut == e1.dimension()) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0))
         {
             return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index ebf56a70c..d6d3c9b82 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -1026,14 +1026,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::reshape_impl(S&& _shape, std::true_type /* is signed */, layout_type layout)
     {
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<S>::value_type;
+        using tmp_value_type = typename std::decay_t<S>::value_type;
         auto new_size = compute_size(_shape);
         if (this->size() % new_size)
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Negative axis size cannot be inferred. Shape mismatch.");
         }
         std::decay_t<S> shape = _shape;
-        value_type accumulator = 1;
+        tmp_value_type accumulator = 1;
         std::size_t neg_idx = 0;
         std::size_t i = 0;
         for(auto it = shape.begin(); it != shape.end(); ++it, i++)
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if(accumulator < 0)
         {
-            shape[neg_idx] = static_cast<value_type>(this->size()) / std::abs(accumulator);
+            shape[neg_idx] = static_cast<tmp_value_type>(this->size()) / std::abs(accumulator);
         }
         else if(this->size() != new_size)
         {
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ namespace xt
         resize_container(m_backstrides, m_shape.size());
         compute_strides<D::static_layout>(m_shape, m_layout, m_strides, m_backstrides);
     }
-    
+
     template <class D>
     inline auto xstrided_container<D>::mutable_layout() noexcept -> layout_type&
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index c02498b30..d1c223487 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -467,14 +467,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t dim, class I, class... Args>
     inline void xgenerator<F, R, S>::adapt_index(I& arg, Args&... args) const
     {
-        using value_type = typename decltype(m_shape)::value_type;
+        using tmp_value_type = typename decltype(m_shape)::value_type;
         if (sizeof...(Args) + 1 > m_shape.size())
         {
             adapt_index<dim>(args...);
         }
         else
         {
-            if (static_cast<value_type>(arg) >= m_shape[dim] && m_shape[dim] == 1)
+            if (static_cast<tmp_value_type>(arg) >= m_shape[dim] && m_shape[dim] == 1)
             {
                 arg = 0;
             }

From c76e2936823a77a3beb7e5452e128cb6244d225c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2020 11:01:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 134/606] Adding macro XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN (#2152)

Adding macro XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN
---
 docs/source/index.rst              |  1 +
 docs/source/sfinae.rst             |  2 +-
 docs/source/xsimd.rst              | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp       |  5 +--
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  4 +++
 test/CMakeLists.txt                |  1 +
 test/test_xsimd.cpp                | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/xsimd.rst
 create mode 100644 test/test_xsimd.cpp

diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index f8556bc70..051df2b16 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ for details.
    histogram
    random
    sfinae
+   xsimd
    file_loading
    build-options
    pitfall
diff --git a/docs/source/sfinae.rst b/docs/source/sfinae.rst
index bd53f3644..30884451b 100644
--- a/docs/source/sfinae.rst
+++ b/docs/source/sfinae.rst
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
    The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
 
-.. _histogram:
+.. _sfinae:
 
 SFINAE
 ======
diff --git a/docs/source/xsimd.rst b/docs/source/xsimd.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7de447c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/xsimd.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+.. _xsimd:
+
+xsimd
+=====
+
+Alignment of fixed-size members
+-------------------------------
+
+.. note::
+
+    If you are using ``C++ >= 17`` you should not have to worry about this.
+
+If you define a structure having members of fixed-size xtensor types,
+you must ensure that the buffers properly aligned.
+For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN`` available in
+``xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp``.
+Consider the following example:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class alignas(XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)) Foo
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T) != 0,
+                                                  xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)>,
+                                                  std::allocator<T>>;
+
+        Foo(T fac) : m_fac(fac)
+        {
+            m_bar.fill(fac);
+        }
+
+        auto get() const
+        {
+            return m_bar;
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<T, xt::xshape<10, 10>> m_bar;
+        T m_fac;
+    };
+
+Whereby it is important to store the fixed-sized xtensor type (in this case ``xt::xtensor_fixed<T, xt::xshape<10, 10>>``) as first member.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index 92e418191..686cb7176 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1368,8 +1368,6 @@ namespace xt
         lhs.swap(rhs);
     }
 
-    #define XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT != 0 ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT : alignof(T))
-
     template <class X, class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool B>
     struct rebind_container<X, svector<T, N, A, B>>
     {
@@ -1383,7 +1381,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * To be moved to xtl, along with the rest of xstorage.hpp
      */
-    template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t Align = XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN>
+    template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t Align = XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)>
     class alignas(Align) aligned_array : public std::array<T, N>
     {
     public:
@@ -1936,6 +1934,5 @@ namespace std
 #endif
 
 #undef XTENSOR_CONST
-#undef XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 0853f62dd..016786f83 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@
 #define XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD 0
 #endif
 
+#ifndef XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN
+#define XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T) (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT != 0 ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT : alignof(T))
+#endif
+
 #ifdef IN_DOXYGEN
 namespace xtl
 {
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 06432b311..ad25520a8 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     test_xrandom.cpp
     test_xrepeat.cpp
     test_xsort.cpp
+    test_xsimd.cpp
     test_xvectorize.cpp
     test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
     test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd.cpp b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..902d5aa36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <complex>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+
+template <typename T>
+class alignas(XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)) Foo
+{
+public:
+
+    using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T) != 0,
+                                              xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)>,
+                                              std::allocator<T>>;
+
+    Foo(T fac) : m_fac(fac)
+    {
+        m_bar.fill(fac);
+    }
+
+    auto get() const
+    {
+        return m_bar;
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    xt::xtensor_fixed<T, xt::xshape<10, 10>> m_bar;
+    T m_fac;
+};
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    TEST(xsimd, alignas)
+    {
+        int fac = 10;
+        Foo<int> foo(10);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::sum(foo.get())() == fac * 10 * 10);
+    }
+}

From 497d66e6a662560fb77eb7357aad4ee4c6ce0943 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2020 16:47:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 135/606] Add chunk_memory_layout to chunked_array factory

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 68 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 97f89d69d..29aebeafc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = false;
 
         template <class S>
-        xchunked_array(chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
+        xchunked_array(chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
         ~xchunked_array() = default;
 
         xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_array& operator=(xchunked_array&&) = default;
 
         template <class E>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e , chunk_storage_type&& chunks);
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e , chunk_storage_type&& chunks, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
         template <class E, class S>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape);
+        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
         template <class E>
         xchunked_array& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ namespace xt
         using dynamic_indexes_type = std::pair<std::vector<std::size_t>, std::vector<std::size_t>>;
 
         template <class S1, class S2>
-        void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape);
+        void resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         indexes_type<Idxs...> get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const;
@@ -220,16 +220,16 @@ namespace xt
     template<class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
-    template <class T, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape);
+    template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
-    template <class EXT = empty_extension, class E, class S>
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class E, class S>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
-    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape);
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
-    template <class EXT = empty_extension, class E>
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class E>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
-    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e);
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
     /*******************************
      * chunk_helper implementation *
@@ -251,12 +251,12 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class S1, class S2>
-            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape)
+            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
             {
                 chunks.resize(container_shape);
                 for(auto& c: chunks)
                 {
-                    c.resize(chunk_shape);
+                    c.resize(chunk_shape, chunk_memory_layout);
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -271,9 +271,9 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class S1, class S2>
-            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape)
+            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
             {
-                chunks.resize(container_shape, chunk_shape);
+                chunks.resize(container_shape, chunk_shape, chunk_memory_layout);
             }
         };
 
@@ -288,27 +288,27 @@ namespace xt
         return return_type::value;
     }
 
-    template <class T, class EXT, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    template <class T, layout_type L, class EXT, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
-        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T, L>>;
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
-    template <class EXT, class E, class S>
+    template <layout_type L, class EXT, class E, class S>
     inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
-    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
-        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type, L>>;
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
-    template <class EXT, class E>
+    template <layout_type L, class EXT, class E>
     inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
-    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e)
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
-        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage());
+        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type, L>>;
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage(), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
     /************************************
@@ -421,25 +421,25 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(CS&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(CS&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
         : m_chunks(std::move(chunks))
     {
-        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks)
-        : xchunked_array(e, std::move(chunks), detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e))
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+        : xchunked_array(e, std::move(chunks), detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e), chunk_memory_layout)
     {
     }
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class E, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
         : m_chunks(std::move(chunks))
     {
-        resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
         semantic_base::assign_xexpression(e);
     }
 
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS, class EX>
     template <class S1, class S2>
-    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape)
+    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
         std::vector<std::size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
         );
 
-        detail::chunk_helper<CS>::resize(m_chunks, shape_of_chunks, chunk_shape);
+        detail::chunk_helper<CS>::resize(m_chunks, shape_of_chunks, chunk_shape, chunk_memory_layout);
 
         m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S1>(shape);
         m_chunk_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S2>(chunk_shape);

From 5921553897efce220de931fea884bbc17b38c525 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mario Emmenlauer <memmenlauer@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Wed, 21 Oct 2020 14:16:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 136/606] test/CMakeLists.txt: Modernized GTest-integration

---
 CMakeLists.txt      |  1 +
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 15 +++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 64dfd0755..469262311 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ if(MSVC AND DISABLE_MSVC_ITERATOR_CHECK)
 endif()
 
 if(BUILD_TESTS)
+    enable_testing()
     add_subdirectory(test)
 endif()
 
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index ad25520a8..fbbfe7b5d 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test)
 
+    enable_testing()
+
     find_package(xtensor REQUIRED CONFIG)
     set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${xtensor_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 endif ()
@@ -137,7 +139,10 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
                      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
 
     set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
-    set(GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES gtest_main gtest)
+    add_library(GTest::GTest INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+    target_link_libraries(GTest::GTest INTERFACE gtest)
+    add_library(GTest::Main INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+    target_link_libraries(GTest::Main INTERFACE gtest_main)
 else()
     find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
 endif()
@@ -291,11 +296,12 @@ foreach(filename IN LISTS COMMON_BASE XTENSOR_TESTS)
         add_dependencies(${targetname} gtest_main)
     endif()
     target_include_directories(${targetname} PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
-    target_link_libraries(${targetname} PRIVATE xtensor ${GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+    target_link_libraries(${targetname} PRIVATE xtensor GTest::GTest GTest::Main ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
     add_custom_target(
         x${targetname}
         COMMAND ${targetname}
         DEPENDS ${targetname} ${filename} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
+    add_test(NAME ${targetname} COMMAND ${targetname})
 endforeach()
 
 add_executable(test_xtensor_lib ${COMMON_BASE} ${XTENSOR_TESTS} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
@@ -320,9 +326,10 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
 endif()
 
 target_include_directories(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
-target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE xtensor ${GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE xtensor GTest::GTest GTest::Main ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 
 add_custom_target(xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib DEPENDS test_xtensor_lib)
+add_test(NAME xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib)
 
 # Some files will be compiled twice, however compiling common files in a static
 # library and linking test_xtensor_lib with it removes half of the tests at
@@ -334,5 +341,5 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
     add_dependencies(test_xtensor_core_lib gtest_main)
 endif()
 
-target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE xtensor ${GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE xtensor GTest::GTest GTest::Main ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 add_custom_target(coverity COMMAND coverity_scan DEPENDS test_xtensor_core_lib)

From 1f6d76abe8f378734568024a7d3bd85f54449697 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gregory Lemercier <greglemercier@free.fr>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 2020 16:52:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 137/606] xnpy.hpp: fix multiple definition of
 'host_endian_char' variable

---
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index ba93289be..1d347f92f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace xt
         const char big_endian_char = '>';
         const char no_endian_char = '|';
 
-        char host_endian_char = (is_big_endian() ? big_endian_char : little_endian_char);
+        static char host_endian_char = (is_big_endian() ? big_endian_char : little_endian_char);
 
         template <class O>
         inline void write_magic(O& ostream,

From c0cc47a8b3e43f618de4cec820c350e13bf0f36e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2020 10:03:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 138/606] Made global variable const to force internal linkage

---
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index 1d347f92f..a3b12b93e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace xt
         const char big_endian_char = '>';
         const char no_endian_char = '|';
 
-        static char host_endian_char = (is_big_endian() ? big_endian_char : little_endian_char);
+        const char host_endian_char = (is_big_endian() ? big_endian_char : little_endian_char);
 
         template <class O>
         inline void write_magic(O& ostream,

From 20a8a89650d609e1ce6d874e9496a4aee01c367d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2020 20:52:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 139/606] Use xtl::endianness instead of bundling it

---
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp | 36 ++++++++++++++++++------------------
 test/test_xnpy.cpp       | 13 ++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index a3b12b93e..cb4ec4fe4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 // relicensed from MIT License with permission
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xplatform.hpp>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <complex>
@@ -43,24 +44,9 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
 
-        /* Test for endianess. Compiler can optimize that to a single constant. */
-        static inline bool is_big_endian()
-        {
-            uint32_t utmp = 0x01020304;
-            char btmp[sizeof(utmp)];
-            std::memcpy(&btmp[0], &utmp, sizeof(utmp));
-            const bool big_endian = btmp[0] == 0x01;
-            return big_endian;
-        }
-
         const char magic_string[] = "\x93NUMPY";
-        const std::size_t magic_string_length = 6;
-
-        const char little_endian_char = '<';
-        const char big_endian_char = '>';
-        const char no_endian_char = '|';
+        const std::size_t magic_string_length = sizeof(magic_string) - 1;
 
-        const char host_endian_char = (is_big_endian() ? big_endian_char : little_endian_char);
 
         template <class O>
         inline void write_magic(O& ostream,
@@ -126,9 +112,23 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class T>
-        constexpr char get_endianess()
+        inline char get_endianess()
         {
-            return sizeof(T) <= sizeof(char) ? no_endian_char : host_endian_char;
+            constexpr char little_endian_char = '<';
+            constexpr char big_endian_char = '>';
+            constexpr char no_endian_char = '|';
+
+            if(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(char))
+              return no_endian_char;
+
+            switch(xtl::endianness()) {
+              case xtl::endian::little_endian:
+                return little_endian_char;
+              case xtl::endian::big_endian:
+                return big_endian_char;
+              default:
+                return no_endian_char;
+            }
         }
 
         template <class T>
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 49df9fb32..c4b311fb8 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -18,10 +18,17 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     std::string get_load_filename(std::string const& npy_prefix, layout_type lt = layout_type::row_major) {
-      using detail::is_big_endian;
       std::string lts = lt == layout_type::row_major ? "" : "_fortran";
-      std::string endianess = is_big_endian() ? ".be" : ".le";
-      return npy_prefix + lts + endianess + ".npy";
+      std::string endianness;
+      switch(xtl::endianness()) {
+        case xtl::endian::big_endian:
+          endianness = ".be";
+          break;
+        case xtl::endian::little_endian:
+          endianness = ".le";
+          break;
+      };
+      return npy_prefix + lts + endianness + ".npy";
     }
 
     TEST(xnpy, load)

From 00fa064315bde568e3ff30603ac119e8fd8e3090 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2020 00:57:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 140/606] Upgraded to xtl 0.6.21

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml |  2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp                 | 13 ++++++++-----
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                       | 22 ++++++++++++----------
 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 974495c94..d91b94660 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.20 ^
+                        xtl==0.6.21 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 8fe69eb58..ac654ea91 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.20
+  - xtl=0.6.21
   - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index cb4ec4fe4..b61cb6226 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -119,14 +119,17 @@ namespace xt
             constexpr char no_endian_char = '|';
 
             if(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(char))
-              return no_endian_char;
+            {
+                return no_endian_char;
+            }
 
-            switch(xtl::endianness()) {
-              case xtl::endian::little_endian:
+            switch(xtl::endianness())
+            {
+            case xtl::endian::little_endian:
                 return little_endian_char;
-              case xtl::endian::big_endian:
+            case xtl::endian::big_endian:
                 return big_endian_char;
-              default:
+            default:
                 return no_endian_char;
             }
         }
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index c4b311fb8..13b50e632 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -17,18 +17,20 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    std::string get_load_filename(std::string const& npy_prefix, layout_type lt = layout_type::row_major) {
-      std::string lts = lt == layout_type::row_major ? "" : "_fortran";
-      std::string endianness;
-      switch(xtl::endianness()) {
+    std::string get_load_filename(std::string const& npy_prefix, layout_type lt = layout_type::row_major)
+    {
+        std::string lts = lt == layout_type::row_major ? "" : "_fortran";
+        std::string endianness;
+        switch(xtl::endianness())
+        {
         case xtl::endian::big_endian:
-          endianness = ".be";
-          break;
+            endianness = ".be";
+            break;
         case xtl::endian::little_endian:
-          endianness = ".le";
-          break;
-      };
-      return npy_prefix + lts + endianness + ".npy";
+            endianness = ".le";
+            break;
+        }
+        return npy_prefix + lts + endianness + ".npy";
     }
 
     TEST(xnpy, load)

From f6a346b244875299cb17fc7adf85a516fef143c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Nov 2020 17:31:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 141/606] Fix call to resize of chunk container

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 29aebeafc..65ce130ca 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ namespace xt
             template <class S1, class S2>
             static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
             {
-                chunks.resize(container_shape, chunk_shape, chunk_memory_layout);
+                chunks.resize(container_shape);
             }
         };
 

From a377fb84c29624e91b6b2451018f3aa3abec1c4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2020 22:41:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 142/606] Release 0.21.9

---
 README.md                          |  3 ++-
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 23e85afd0..cd7904879 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.20 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.21.9   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.8   | ^0.6.20 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.7   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.6   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index c64c33e37..5cd5db7cf 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,26 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.21.9
+------
+
+- Adding macro ``XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN``
+  `#2152 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2152>`_
+- xcontainer.hpp: Renamed a shadowing type name inside a function
+  `#2208 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2208>`_
+- Add chunk_memory_layout to chunked_array factory
+  `#2211 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2211>`_
+- CMake: Modernized GTest-integration
+  `#2212 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2212>`_
+- ``xnpy.hpp``: fix multiple definition of 'host_endian_char' variable when included in different linked objects
+  `#2214 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2214>`_
+- Made global variable const to force internal linkage 
+  `#2216 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2216>`_
+- Use xtl::endianness instead of bundling it
+  `#2218 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2218>`_
+- Fix call to resize of chunk container
+  `#2219 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2219>`_
+
 0.21.8
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index e885eed95..c0665ba7b 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.21.8
+  - xtensor=0.21.9
   - xtensor-blas=0.17.2
   - xeus-cling=0.8.1
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 016786f83..61bcef2ea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 8
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 9
 
 // DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
 #ifdef __clang__

From 5b37b84551083ec2d1ef045d6470603c70417b2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2020 00:43:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 143/606] Document chunked arrays (#2102)

Add xchunked_array documentation
---
 docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst       | 13 +++++
 docs/source/api/container_index.rst     |  1 +
 docs/source/index.rst                   |  1 +
 docs/source/quickref/basic.rst          | 18 +++++--
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst | 69 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp      | 43 ++++++++++++++-
 6 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
 create mode 100644 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst b/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..702b60281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+chunked_array
+=============
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp``
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::chunked_array
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
index 081787fb3..29424161c 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ xexpression API is actually implemented in ``xstrided_container`` and ``xcontain
    xiterable
    xarray
    xarray_adaptor
+   chunked_array
    xtensor
    xtensor_adaptor
    xfixed
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 051df2b16..caf071f41 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ for details.
    view
    quickref/iterator
    quickref/manipulation
+   quickref/chunked_arrays
 
 .. toctree::
    :caption: API REFERENCE
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
index 5aa105dd0..0a9bea657 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Tensor types
 - ``xarray<T>``: tensor that can be reshaped to any number of dimensions.
 - ``xtensor<T, N>``: tensor with a number of dimensions set to ``N`` at compile time.
 - ``xtensor_fixed<T, xshape<I, J, K>``: tensor whose shape is fixed at compile time.
+- ``xchunked_array<CS>``: chunked array using the ``CS`` chunk storage.
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ Tensor with dynamic shape:
 
     #include "xarray.hpp"
 
-    xt::xarray<double>::shape_type shape = {2, 3}; 
+    xt::xarray<double>::shape_type shape = {2, 3};
     xt::xarray<double> a0(shape);
     xt::xarray<double> a1(shape, 2.5);
     xt::xarray<double> a2 = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
@@ -40,12 +41,12 @@ Tensor with static number of dimensions:
 
     #include "xtensor.hpp"
 
-    xt::xtensor<double, 2>::shape_type shape = {2, 3}; 
+    xt::xtensor<double, 2>::shape_type shape = {2, 3};
     xt::xtensor<double, 2> a0(shape);
     xt::xtensor<double, 2> a1(shape, 2.5);
     xt::xtensor<double, 2> a2 = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
     auto a3 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>::from_shape(shape);
-    
+
 Tensor with fixed shape:
 
 .. code::
@@ -54,6 +55,16 @@ Tensor with fixed shape:
 
     xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<2, 3>> = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
 
+In-memory chunked tensor with dynamic shape:
+
+.. code::
+
+    #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+
+    std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
+    std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
+    auto a = xt::chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
+
 Output
 ------
 
@@ -234,4 +245,3 @@ The underlying 1D data buffer can be accessed with the ``data`` method:
     a.data()[4] = 8.;
     std::cout << a << std::endl;
     // Outputs {{1., 2., 3.}, {8., 5., 6.}}
-    
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00353197a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+Chunked arrays
+==============
+
+Motivation
+----------
+
+Arrays can be very large and may not fit in memory. In this case, you may not be
+able to use an in-memory array such as an ``xarray``. A solution to this problem
+is to cut up the large array into many small arrays, called chunks. Not only do
+the chunks fit comfortably in memory, but this also allows to process them in
+parallel, including in a distributed environment (although this is not supported
+yet).
+
+Formats for the storage of arrays such as `Zarr <https://zarr.readthedocs.io>`_
+specifically target chunked arrays. Such formats are becoming increasingly
+popular in the field of big data, since the chunks can be stored in the cloud.
+
+In-memory chunked arrays
+------------------------
+
+This may not look very useful at first sight, since each chunk (and thus the
+whole array) is hold in memory. It means that it cannot work with very large
+arrays, but it may be used to parallelize an algorithm, by processing several
+chunks at the same time.
+
+An in-memory chunked array has the following type:
+
+.. code::
+
+    #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+
+    using data_type = double;
+    // don't use this code:
+    using inmemory_chunked_array = xt::xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<data_type>>>;
+
+But you should not directly use this type to create a chunked array. Instead,
+use the `chunked_array` factory function:
+
+.. code::
+
+    #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+
+    std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
+    std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
+    auto a = xt::chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
+    // a is an in-memory chunked array
+    // each chunk is an xarray<double>, and chunks are hold in an xarray
+    // thus a is an xarray of xarray<double> elements
+    a(3, 9, 2) = 1.;  // this will address the chunk of index (1, 3, 0)
+                      // and in this chunk, the element of index (1, 0, 2)
+
+Chunked arrays implement the full semantic of ``xarray``, including lazy
+evaluation.
+
+Stored chunked arrays
+---------------------
+
+These are arrays whose chunks are stored on a file system, allowing for
+persistence of data. In particular, they are used as a building block for the
+`xtensor-zarr <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-zarr>`_ library.
+
+For further dedails, please refer to the documentation
+of `xtensor-io <https://xtensor-io.readthedocs.io>`_.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 65ce130ca..40c80a07f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -220,13 +220,52 @@ namespace xt
     template<class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
+    /**
+     * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
+     * This function returns an uninitialized ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>``.
+     *
+     * @tparam T The type of the elements (e.g. double)
+     * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
+     * @tparam EXT The type of the array extension (default: empty_extension)
+     *
+     * @param shape The shape of the array
+     * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
+     * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
+     *
+     * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` with the given shape, chunk shape and memory layout.
+     */
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
+    /**
+     * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
+     * This function returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
+     *
+     * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
+     * @tparam EXT The type of the array extension (default: empty_extension)
+     *
+     * @param e The expression to initialize the chunked array from
+     * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
+     * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
+     *
+     * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the given chunk shape and memory layout.
+     */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class E, class S>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
     chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
+    /**
+     * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
+     * This function returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
+     *
+     * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
+     * @tparam EXT The type of the array extension (default: empty_extension)
+     *
+     * @param e The expression to initialize the chunked array from
+     * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
+     *
+     * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the expression's chunk shape and the given memory layout.
+     */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class E>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
     chunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
@@ -398,7 +437,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         return this->derived_cast();
     }
-    
+
     template <class D>
     template <class E>
     inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
@@ -407,7 +446,7 @@ namespace xt
         get_assigner(d.chunks()).build_and_assign_temporary(e, d);
         return d;
     }
-    
+
     template <class D>
     template <class CS>
     inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::get_assigner(const CS&) const -> xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>

From 4b6c840d96929d863e0704bb0abb9239d0820308 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2020 00:07:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 144/606] Removed zarray files

---
 CMakeLists.txt                         |   7 -
 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp             | 201 ----------
 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp        | 390 ------------------
 include/xtensor/zassign.hpp            |  35 --
 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp        | 530 -------------------------
 include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp | 137 -------
 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp          | 159 --------
 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp              | 195 ---------
 test/CMakeLists.txt                    |   1 -
 test/test_zarray.cpp                   | 140 -------
 10 files changed, 1795 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
 delete mode 100644 include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
 delete mode 100644 test/test_zarray.cpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 469262311..91abf63e6 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -180,13 +180,6 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zassign.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/zmath.hpp
 )
 
 add_library(xtensor INTERFACE)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a27ef6c2e..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_ZARRAY_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_ZARRAY_HPP
-
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <xtl/xmultimethods.hpp>
-
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "zarray_impl.hpp"
-#include "zassign.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-
-    /**********
-     * zarray *
-     **********/
-
-    class zarray;
-
-    template <>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<zarray>
-    {
-        using temporary_type = zarray;
-    };
-
-    class zarray : public xcontainer_semantic<zarray>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using expression_tag = zarray_expression_tag;
-        using semantic_base = xcontainer_semantic<zarray>;
-        using implementation_ptr = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>;
-
-        zarray() = default;
-        ~zarray() = default;
-
-        zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl);
-        zarray& operator=(implementation_ptr&& impl);
-
-        zarray(const zarray& rhs);
-        zarray& operator=(const zarray& rhs);
-
-        zarray(zarray&& rhs);
-        zarray& operator=(zarray&& rhs);
-
-        template <class E>
-        zarray(const xexpression<E>& e);
-
-        template <class E>
-        zarray(xexpression<E>& e);
-
-        template <class E>
-        zarray(xexpression<E>&& e);
-        
-        template <class E>
-        zarray& operator=(const xexpression<E>&);
-
-        void swap(zarray& rhs);
-
-        zarray_impl& get_implementation();
-        const zarray_impl& get_implementation() const;
-
-        template <class T>
-        xarray<T>& get_array();
-
-        template <class T>
-        const xarray<T>& get_array() const;
-
-        const zchunked_array& as_chunked_array() const;
-
-    private:
-
-        template <class E>
-        void init_implementation(E&& e, xtensor_expression_tag);
-
-        template <class E>
-        void init_implementation(const xexpression<E>& e, zarray_expression_tag);
-
-        implementation_ptr p_impl;
-    };
-
-    /*************************
-     * zarray implementation *
-     *************************/
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline void zarray::init_implementation(E&& e, xtensor_expression_tag)
-    {
-        p_impl = implementation_ptr(detail::build_zarray(std::forward<E>(e)));
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline void zarray::init_implementation(const xexpression<E>& e, zarray_expression_tag)
-    {
-        p_impl = nullptr;
-        semantic_base::assign(e);
-    }
-
-    inline zarray::zarray(implementation_ptr&& impl)
-        : p_impl(std::move(impl))
-    {
-    }
-
-    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(implementation_ptr&& impl)
-    {
-        p_impl = std::move(impl);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline zarray::zarray(const zarray& rhs)
-        : p_impl(rhs.p_impl->clone())
-    {
-    }
-
-    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(const zarray& rhs)
-    {
-        zarray tmp(rhs);
-        swap(tmp);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline zarray::zarray(zarray&& rhs)
-        : p_impl(std::move(rhs.p_impl))
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline zarray::zarray(const xexpression<E>& e)
-    {
-        init_implementation(e.derived_cast(), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline zarray::zarray(xexpression<E>& e)
-    {
-        init_implementation(e.derived_cast(), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline zarray::zarray(xexpression<E>&& e)
-    {
-        init_implementation(std::move(e).derived_cast(), extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<E>>());
-    }
-
-    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(zarray&& rhs)
-    {
-        swap(rhs);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline zarray& zarray::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e)
-    {
-        return semantic_base::operator=(e);
-    }
-    
-    inline void zarray::swap(zarray& rhs)
-    {
-        std::swap(p_impl, rhs.p_impl);
-    }
-
-    inline zarray_impl& zarray::get_implementation()
-    {
-        return *p_impl;
-    }
-
-    inline const zarray_impl& zarray::get_implementation() const
-    {
-        return *p_impl;
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    inline xarray<T>& zarray::get_array()
-    {
-        return dynamic_cast<ztyped_array<T>*>(p_impl.get())->get_array();
-    }
-
-    template <class T>
-    inline const xarray<T>& zarray::get_array() const
-    {
-        return dynamic_cast<const ztyped_array<T>*>(p_impl.get())->get_array();
-    }
-
-    inline const zchunked_array& zarray::as_chunked_array() const
-    {
-        return dynamic_cast<const zchunked_array&>(*(p_impl.get()));
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp b/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d12ea2b89..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/zarray_impl.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,390 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_ZARRAY_IMPL_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_ZARRAY_IMPL_HPP
-
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-
-    /*************************
-     * zarray_expression_tag *
-     *************************/
-
-    struct zarray_expression_tag {};
-
-    namespace extension
-    {
-        template <>
-        struct expression_tag_and<xtensor_expression_tag, zarray_expression_tag>
-        {
-            using type = zarray_expression_tag;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct expression_tag_and<zarray_expression_tag, xtensor_expression_tag>
-            : expression_tag_and<xtensor_expression_tag, zarray_expression_tag>
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct expression_tag_and<zarray_expression_tag, zarray_expression_tag>
-        {
-            using type = zarray_expression_tag;
-        };
-    }
-
-    /***************
-     * zarray_impl *
-     ***************/
-
-    class zarray_impl
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = zarray_impl;
-
-        virtual ~zarray_impl() = default;
-
-        zarray_impl(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
-        zarray_impl& operator=(const zarray_impl&) = delete;
-        zarray_impl& operator=(zarray_impl&&) = delete;
-
-        virtual self_type* clone() const = 0;
-
-        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
-
-    protected:
-
-        zarray_impl() = default;
-        zarray_impl(const zarray_impl&) = default;
-    };
-
-    /****************
-     * ztyped_array *
-     ****************/
-
-    template <class T>
-    class ztyped_array : public zarray_impl
-    {
-    public:
-
-        virtual ~ztyped_array() = default;
-
-        virtual xarray<T>& get_array() = 0;
-        virtual const xarray<T>& get_array() const = 0;
-
-        XTL_IMPLEMENT_INDEXABLE_CLASS()
-
-    protected:
-
-        ztyped_array() = default;
-        ztyped_array(const ztyped_array&) = default;
-    };
-
-    /***********************
-     * zexpression_wrapper *
-     ***********************/
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    class zexpression_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = zexpression_wrapper<CTE>;
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
-        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
-
-        template <class E>
-        zexpression_wrapper(E&& e);
-
-        virtual ~zexpression_wrapper() = default;
-
-        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
-        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
-
-        self_type* clone() const override;
-
-    private:
-
-        zexpression_wrapper(const zexpression_wrapper&) = default;
-
-        void compute_cache() const;
-
-        CTE m_expression;
-        mutable xarray<value_type> m_cache;
-        mutable bool m_cache_initialized;
-    };
-
-    /******************
-     * zarray_wrapper *
-     ******************/
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    class zarray_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = zarray_wrapper;
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
-        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
-
-        template <class E>
-        zarray_wrapper(E&& e);
-
-        virtual ~zarray_wrapper() = default;
-
-        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
-        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
-
-        self_type* clone() const override;
-
-    private:
-
-        zarray_wrapper(const zarray_wrapper&) = default;
-
-        CTE m_array;
-    };
-
-    /********************
-     * zchunked_wrapper *
-     ********************/
-
-    class zchunked_array
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-
-        virtual ~zchunked_array() = default;
-        virtual const shape_type& chunk_shape() const = 0;
-    };
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    class zchunked_wrapper : public ztyped_array<typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type>,
-                             public zchunked_array
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using self_type = zchunked_wrapper;
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<CTE>::value_type;
-        using base_type = ztyped_array<value_type>;
-        using shape_type = typename zchunked_array::shape_type;
-
-        template <class E>
-        zchunked_wrapper(E&& e);
-
-        virtual ~zchunked_wrapper() = default;
-
-        xarray<value_type>& get_array() override;
-        const xarray<value_type>& get_array() const override;
-
-        self_type* clone() const override;
-
-        const shape_type& chunk_shape() const override;
-
-    private:
-
-        zchunked_wrapper(const zchunked_wrapper&) = default;
-
-        void compute_cache() const;
-
-        CTE m_chunked_array;
-        shape_type m_chunk_shape;
-        mutable xarray<value_type> m_cache;
-        mutable bool m_cache_initialized;
-
-    };
-
-    /***********************
-     * zexpression_wrapper *
-     ***********************/
-        
-    template <class CTE>
-    template <class E>
-    inline zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::zexpression_wrapper(E&& e)
-        : base_type()
-        , m_expression(std::forward<E>(e))
-        , m_cache()
-        , m_cache_initialized(false)
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        compute_cache();
-        return m_cache;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        compute_cache();
-        return m_cache;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
-    {
-        return new self_type(*this);
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline void zexpression_wrapper<CTE>::compute_cache() const
-    {
-        if (!m_cache_initialized)
-        {
-            m_cache = m_expression;
-            m_cache_initialized = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /******************
-     * zarray_wrapper *
-     ******************/
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    template <class E>
-    inline zarray_wrapper<CTE>::zarray_wrapper(E&& e)
-        : base_type()
-        , m_array(std::forward<E>(e))
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        return m_array;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        return m_array;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zarray_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
-    {
-        return new self_type(*this);
-    }
-
-    /********************
-     * zchunked_wrapper *
-     ********************/
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    template <class E>
-    inline zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::zchunked_wrapper(E&& e)
-        : base_type()
-        , m_chunked_array(std::forward<E>(e))
-        , m_chunk_shape(m_chunked_array.chunk_shape().size())
-        , m_cache()
-        , m_cache_initialized(false)
-    {
-        std::copy(m_chunked_array.chunk_shape().begin(),
-                  m_chunked_array.chunk_shape().end(),
-                  m_chunk_shape.begin());
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() -> xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        compute_cache();
-        return m_cache;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::get_array() const -> const xarray<value_type>&
-    {
-        compute_cache();
-        return m_cache;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::clone() const -> self_type*
-    {
-        return new self_type(*this);
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline auto zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
-    {
-        return m_chunk_shape;
-    }
-
-    template <class CTE>
-    inline void zchunked_wrapper<CTE>::compute_cache() const
-    {
-        if (!m_cache_initialized)
-        {
-            m_cache = m_chunked_array;
-            m_cache_initialized = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /******************
-     * zarray builder *
-     ******************/
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class E>
-        struct is_xarray : std::false_type
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <class T, layout_type L, class A, class SA>
-        struct is_xarray<xarray<T, L, A, SA>> : std::true_type
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        struct is_chunked_array : std::false_type
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <class CS, class E>
-        struct is_chunked_array<xchunked_array<CS, E>> : std::true_type
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        struct zwrapper_builder
-        {
-            using closure_type = xtl::closure_type_t<E>;
-            using wrapper_type = std::conditional_t<is_xarray<std::decay_t<E>>::value,
-                                                    zarray_wrapper<closure_type>,
-                                                    std::conditional_t<is_chunked_array<std::decay_t<E>>::value,
-                                                                       zchunked_wrapper<closure_type>,
-                                                                       zexpression_wrapper<closure_type>
-                                                                      >
-                                                    >;
-
-            template <class OE>
-            static wrapper_type* run(OE&& e)
-            {
-                return new wrapper_type(std::forward<OE>(e));
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto build_zarray(E&& e)
-        {
-            return zwrapper_builder<E>::run(std::forward<E>(e));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 36ca622a4..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/zassign.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_ZASSIGN_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_ZASSIGN_HPP
-
-#include "xassign.hpp"
-#include "zarray_impl.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-    template <>
-    class xexpression_assigner<zarray_expression_tag>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        template <class E1, class E2>
-        static void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
-        {
-            std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> res_impl = e2.derived_cast().allocate_result();
-            e2.derived_cast().assign_to(*res_impl);
-            e1.derived_cast() = std::move(res_impl);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b7a6752d..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatcher.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,530 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHER_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHER_HPP
-
-#include <xtl/xmultimethods.hpp>
-
-#include "zdispatching_types.hpp"
-#include "zmath.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-    namespace mpl = xtl::mpl;
-
-    template <class type_list>
-    using zrun_dispatcher_impl = xtl::functor_dispatcher
-    <
-        type_list,
-        void,
-        xtl::static_caster,
-        xtl::basic_fast_dispatcher
-    >;
-
-    template <class type_list>
-    using ztype_dispatcher_impl = xtl::functor_dispatcher
-    <
-        type_list,
-        size_t,
-        xtl::static_caster,
-        xtl::basic_fast_dispatcher
-    >;
-
-    /**********************
-     * zdouble_dispatcher *
-     **********************/
-
-    // Double dispatchers are used for unary operations.
-    // They dispatch on the single argument and on the
-    // result.
-
-    template <class F>
-    class zdouble_dispatcher
-    {
-    public:
-
-        template <class T, class R>
-        static void insert();
-
-        template <class T, class R, class... U>
-        static void register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>);
-
-        static void init();
-        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res);
-        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1);
-
-    private:
-
-        static zdouble_dispatcher& instance();
-
-        zdouble_dispatcher();
-        ~zdouble_dispatcher() = default;
-
-        template <class T, class R>
-        void insert_impl();
-
-        template <class T, class R, class...U>
-        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>);
-        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>);
-
-        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
-        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl>>;
-        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
-        
-        ztype_dispatcher m_type_dispatcher;
-        zrun_dispatcher m_run_dispatcher;
-    };
-
-
-    /**********************
-     * ztriple_dispatcher *
-     **********************/
-
-    // Triple dispatchers are used for binary operations.
-    // They dispatch on both arguments and on the result.
-
-    template <class F>
-    class ztriple_dispatcher
-    {
-    public:
-
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
-        static void insert();
-
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R, class... U>
-        static void register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>);
-
-        static void init();
-        static void dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2, zarray_impl& res);
-        static size_t get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2);
-
-    private:
-
-        static ztriple_dispatcher& instance();
-
-        ztriple_dispatcher();
-        ~ztriple_dispatcher() = default;
-
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R>
-        void insert_impl();
-
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R, class...U>
-        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>);
-        inline void register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>);
-
-        using zfunctor_type = get_zmapped_functor_t<F>;
-        using ztype_dispatcher = ztype_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl>>;
-        using zrun_dispatcher = zrun_dispatcher_impl<mpl::vector<const zarray_impl, const zarray_impl, zarray_impl>>;
-        
-        ztype_dispatcher m_type_dispatcher;
-        zrun_dispatcher m_run_dispatcher;
-    };
-
-    /***************
-     * zdispatcher *
-     ***************/
-
-    template <class F, size_t N>
-    struct zdispatcher;
-
-    template <class F>
-    struct zdispatcher<F, 1>
-    {
-        using type = zdouble_dispatcher<F>;
-    };
-
-    template <class F>
-    struct zdispatcher<F, 2>
-    {
-        using type = ztriple_dispatcher<F>;
-    };
-
-    template <class F, size_t N>
-    using zdispatcher_t = typename zdispatcher<F, N>::type;
-
-    /************************
-     * zarray_impl_register *
-     ************************/
-
-    class zarray_impl_register
-    {
-    public:
-
-        template <class T>
-        static void insert();
-
-        static void init();
-        static const zarray_impl& get(size_t index);
-
-    private:
-
-        static zarray_impl_register& instance();
-
-        zarray_impl_register();
-        ~zarray_impl_register() = default;
-
-        template <class T>
-        void insert_impl();
-
-        size_t m_next_index;
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>> m_register;
-    };
-
-    /****************
-     * init_zsystem *
-     ****************/
-
-    // Early initialization of all dispatchers
-    // and zarray_impl_register
-    // return int so it can be assigned to a 
-    // static variable and be automatically
-    // called when loading a shared library
-    // for instance.
-
-    int init_zsystem();
-
-    /*************************************
-     * zdouble_dispatcher implementation *
-     *************************************/
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class F>
-        struct unary_dispatching_types
-        {
-            using type = zunary_func_types;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct unary_dispatching_types<negate>
-        {
-            using type = zunary_op_types;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct unary_dispatching_types<identity>
-        {
-            using type = zunary_op_types;
-        };
-
-        template <class F>
-        using unary_dispatching_types_t = typename unary_dispatching_types<F>::type;
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T, class R>
-    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::insert()
-    {
-        instance().template insert_impl<T, R>();
-    }
-    
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T, class R, class... U>
-    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>)
-    {
-        instance().register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::init()
-    {
-        instance();
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, zarray_impl& res)
-    {
-        instance().m_run_dispatcher.dispatch(z1, res);
-    }
-    
-    template <class F>
-    inline size_t zdouble_dispatcher<F>::get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1)
-    {
-        return instance().m_type_dispatcher.dispatch(z1);
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline zdouble_dispatcher<F>& zdouble_dispatcher<F>::instance()
-    {
-        static zdouble_dispatcher<F> inst;
-        return inst;
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline zdouble_dispatcher<F>::zdouble_dispatcher()
-    {
-        register_dispatching_impl(detail::unary_dispatching_types_t<F>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T, class R>
-    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::insert_impl()
-    {
-        using arg_type = const ztyped_array<T>;
-        using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
-        m_run_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T, R>);
-        m_type_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T>);
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T, class R, class...U>
-    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T, R>, U...>)
-    {
-        insert_impl<T, R>();
-        register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<U...>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline void zdouble_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>)
-    {
-    }
-    
-    /*************************************
-     * ztriple_dispatcher implementation *
-     *************************************/
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        using zbinary_func_list = mpl::vector
-        <
-            math::atan2_fun,
-            math::hypot_fun,
-            math::pow_fun,
-            math::fdim_fun,
-            math::fmax_fun,
-            math::fmin_fun,
-            math::remainder_fun,
-            math::fmod_fun
-        >;
-
-        template <class F>
-        struct binary_dispatching_types
-        {
-            using type = std::conditional_t<mpl::contains<zbinary_func_list, F>::value,
-                                            zbinary_func_types,
-                                            zbinary_op_types>;
-        };
-
-        template <class F>
-        using binary_dispatching_types_t = typename binary_dispatching_types<F>::type;
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T1, class T2, class R>
-    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::insert()
-    {
-        instance().template insert_impl<T1, T2, R>();
-    }
-    
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T1, class T2, class R, class... U>
-    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>)
-    {
-        instance().register_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::init()
-    {
-        instance();
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::dispatch(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2, zarray_impl& res)
-    {
-        instance().m_run_dispatcher.dispatch(z1, z2, res);
-    }
-    
-    template <class F>
-    inline size_t ztriple_dispatcher<F>::get_type_index(const zarray_impl& z1, const zarray_impl& z2)
-    {
-        return instance().m_type_dispatcher.dispatch(z1, z2);
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline ztriple_dispatcher<F>& ztriple_dispatcher<F>::instance()
-    {
-        static ztriple_dispatcher<F> inst;
-        return inst;
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline ztriple_dispatcher<F>::ztriple_dispatcher()
-    {
-        register_dispatching_impl(detail::binary_dispatching_types_t<F>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T1, class T2, class R>
-    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::insert_impl()
-    {
-        using arg_type1 = const ztyped_array<T1>;
-        using arg_type2 = const ztyped_array<T2>;
-        using res_type = ztyped_array<R>;
-        m_run_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type1, arg_type2, res_type>(&zfunctor_type::template run<T1, T2, R>);
-        m_type_dispatcher.template insert<arg_type1, arg_type1>(&zfunctor_type::template index<T1, T2>);
-    }
-
-
-    template <class F>
-    template <class T1, class T2, class R, class...U>
-    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<mpl::vector<T1, T2, R>, U...>)
-    {
-        insert_impl<T1, T2, R>();
-        register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<U...>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline void ztriple_dispatcher<F>::register_dispatching_impl(mpl::vector<>)
-    {
-    }
-    
-    /***************************************
-     * zarray_impl_register implementation *
-     ***************************************/
-
-    template <class T>
-    inline void zarray_impl_register::insert()
-    {
-        instance().template insert_impl<T>();
-    }
-
-    inline void zarray_impl_register::init()
-    {
-        instance();
-    }
-
-    inline const zarray_impl& zarray_impl_register::get(size_t index)
-    {
-        return *(instance().m_register[index]);
-    }
-
-    inline zarray_impl_register& zarray_impl_register::instance()
-    {
-        static zarray_impl_register r;
-        return r;
-    }
-        
-    inline zarray_impl_register::zarray_impl_register()
-        : m_next_index(0)
-    {
-        insert_impl<float>();
-        insert_impl<double>();
-    }
-    
-    template <class T>
-    inline void zarray_impl_register::insert_impl()
-    {
-        size_t& idx = ztyped_array<T>::get_class_static_index();
-        if (idx == SIZE_MAX)
-        {
-            m_register.resize(++m_next_index);
-            idx = m_register.size() - 1u;
-
-        }
-        else if (m_register.size() <= idx)
-        {
-            m_register.resize(idx + 1u);
-        }
-        m_register[idx] = std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(detail::build_zarray(std::move(xarray<T>())));
-    }
-
-    /*******************************
-     * init_zsystem implementation *
-     *******************************/
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        inline void init_zdispatchers()
-        {
-            zdispatcher_t<identity, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<negate, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<plus, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<minus, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<multiplies, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<divides, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<modulus, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<logical_or, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<logical_and, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<logical_not, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_or, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_and, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_xor, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<bitwise_not, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<left_shift, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<right_shift, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<less, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<less_equal, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<greater, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<greater_equal, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<equal_to, 2>::init();
-            //zdispatcher_t<not_equal_to, 2>::init();
-        }
-    }
-
-    namespace math
-    {
-        inline void init_zdispatchers()
-        {
-            zdispatcher_t<fabs_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<fmod_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<remainder_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<fmax_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<fmin_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<fdim_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<exp_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<exp2_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<expm1_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<log_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<log10_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<log2_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<log1p_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<pow_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<sqrt_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<cbrt_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<hypot_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<sin_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<cos_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<tan_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<asin_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<acos_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<atan_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<atan2_fun, 2>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<sinh_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<cosh_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<tanh_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<asinh_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<acosh_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<atanh_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<erf_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<erfc_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<tgamma_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<lgamma_fun, 1>::init();
-            /*zdispatcher_t<ceil_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<floor_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<trunc_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<round_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<nearbyint_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<rint_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<isfinite_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<isinf_fun, 1>::init();
-            zdispatcher_t<isnan_fun, 1>::init();*/
-        }
-    }
-
-    inline int init_zsystem()
-    {
-        detail::init_zdispatchers();
-        math::init_zdispatchers();
-        return 0;
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp b/include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e3afb85fb..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/zdispatching_types.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHING_TYPES_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_ZDISPATCHING_TYPES_HPP
-
-#include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
-
-namespace xt
-{
-    namespace mpl = xtl::mpl;
-
-    // TODO: move to XTL
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class... L>
-        struct concatenate;
-
-        template <class... T, class... U>
-        struct concatenate<mpl::vector<T...>, mpl::vector<U...>>
-        {
-            using type = mpl::vector<T..., U...>;
-        };
-
-        template <class... T, class... U, class... L>
-        struct concatenate<mpl::vector<T...>, mpl::vector<U...>, L...>
-        {
-            using type = typename concatenate<
-                            typename concatenate<
-                                mpl::vector<T...>,
-                                mpl::vector<U...>
-                            >::type,
-                            L...
-                         >::type;
-        };
-
-        template <class... L>
-        using concatenate_t = typename concatenate<L...>::type;
-    }
-
-    /***********
-     * z types *
-     ***********/
-
-    using z_int_types = mpl::vector<uint8_t, int8_t,
-                                    uint16_t, int16_t,
-                                    uint32_t, int32_t,
-                                    uint64_t, int64_t>;
-    using z_small_int_types = mpl::vector<uint8_t, int8_t, uint16_t, int16_t>;
-    using z_big_int_types = mpl::vector<uint32_t, int32_t, uint64_t, int64_t>;
-    using z_float_types = mpl::vector<float, double>;
-
-    using z_types = detail::concatenate_t<z_int_types,
-                                          z_float_types>;
-
-    /*************************
-     * unary operation types *
-     *************************/
-
-    template <class T, class R>
-    struct build_unary_impl
-    {
-        using type = mpl::vector<T, R>;
-    };
-
-    template <class T, class R>
-    using build_unary_impl_t = typename build_unary_impl<T, R>::type;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_unary_identity_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, T>;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_unary_int32_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, int32_t>;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_unary_int64_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, int64_t>;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_unary_double_t = build_unary_impl_t<T, double>;
-
-    using zunary_func_types = detail::concatenate_t<
-                                  mpl::transform_t<build_unary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
-                                  mpl::transform_t<build_unary_double_t, z_int_types>
-                              >;
-
-    using zunary_op_types = detail::concatenate_t<
-                                mpl::transform_t<build_unary_identity_t, z_big_int_types>,
-                                mpl::transform_t<build_unary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
-                                mpl::transform_t<build_unary_int32_t, z_small_int_types>
-                            >;
-
-    /**************************
-     * binary operation types *
-     **************************/
-
-    template <class T, class U, class R>
-    struct build_binary_impl
-    {
-        using type = mpl::vector<T, U, R>;
-    };
-    
-    template <class T, class U, class R>
-    using build_binary_impl_t = typename build_binary_impl<T, U, R>::type;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_binary_identity_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, T>;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_binary_int32_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, int32_t>;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_binary_int64_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, int64_t>;
-
-    template <class T>
-    using build_binary_double_t = build_binary_impl_t<T, T, double>;
-
-    using zbinary_func_types = detail::concatenate_t<
-                                   mpl::transform_t<build_binary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
-                                   mpl::transform_t<build_binary_double_t, z_int_types>
-                               >;
-
-    using zbinary_op_types = detail::concatenate_t<
-                                 mpl::transform_t<build_binary_identity_t, z_big_int_types>,
-                                 mpl::transform_t<build_binary_identity_t, z_float_types>,
-                                 mpl::transform_t<build_binary_int32_t, z_small_int_types>
-                             >;
-
-}
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f6fb55ea..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/zfunction.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_ZFUNCTION_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_ZFUNCTION_HPP
-
-#include <tuple>
-#include <utility>
-
-#include "zdispatcher.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    class zfunction : public xexpression<zfunction<F, CT...>>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using expression_tag = zarray_expression_tag;
-
-        using self_type = zfunction<F, CT...>;
-        using tuple_type = std::tuple<CT...>;
-        using functor_type = F;
-
-        template <class Func, class... CTA, class U = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of<std::decay_t<Func>, self_type>::value>>
-        zfunction(Func&& f, CTA&&... e) noexcept;
-
-        std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> allocate_result() const;
-        std::size_t get_result_type_index() const;
-        zarray_impl& assign_to(zarray_impl& res) const;
-
-    private:
-
-        using dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<F, sizeof...(CT)>;
-
-        template <std::size_t... I>
-        std::size_t get_result_type_index_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const;
-
-        template <std::size_t... I>
-        zarray_impl& assign_to_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, zarray_impl& res) const;
-
-        tuple_type m_e;
-    };
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class F, class... E>
-        struct select_xfunction_expression<zarray_expression_tag, F, E...>
-        {
-            using type = zfunction<F, E...>;
-        };
-    }
-
-    /****************************
-     * zfunction implementation *
-     ****************************/
-
-    class zarray;
-    
-    namespace detail
-    {
-
-        template <class E>
-        struct zfunction_argument
-        {
-            static std::size_t get_index(const E& e)
-            {
-                return e.get_result_type_index();
-            }
-
-            static const zarray_impl& get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl& res)
-            {
-                return e.assign_to(res);
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct zfunction_argument<zarray>
-        {
-            template <class E>
-            static std::size_t get_index(const E& e)
-            {
-                return e.get_implementation().get_class_index();
-            }
-
-            template <class E>
-            static const zarray_impl& get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl&)
-            {
-                return e.get_implementation();
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class E>
-        inline size_t get_result_type_index(const E& e)
-        {
-            return zfunction_argument<E>::get_index(e);
-        }
-
-        template <class E>
-        inline const zarray_impl& get_array_impl(const E& e, zarray_impl& z)
-        {
-            return zfunction_argument<E>::get_array_impl(e, z);
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <class Func, class... CTA, class U>
-    inline zfunction<F, CT...>::zfunction(Func&&, CTA&&... e) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)...)
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl> zfunction<F, CT...>::allocate_result() const
-    {
-        std::size_t idx = get_result_type_index();
-        return std::unique_ptr<zarray_impl>(zarray_impl_register::get(idx).clone());
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    std::size_t zfunction<F, CT...>::get_result_type_index() const
-    {
-        return get_result_type_index_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline zarray_impl& zfunction<F, CT...>::assign_to(zarray_impl& res) const
-    {
-        return assign_to_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), res);
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I>
-    std::size_t zfunction<F, CT...>::get_result_type_index_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const
-    {
-        return dispatcher_type::get_type_index(
-                zarray_impl_register::get(
-                    detail::get_result_type_index(std::get<I>(m_e))
-                )...
-               );
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I>
-    inline zarray_impl& zfunction<F, CT...>::assign_to_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, zarray_impl& res) const
-    {
-        dispatcher_type::dispatch(detail::get_array_impl(std::get<I>(m_e), res)..., res);
-        return res;
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d6fba67d0..000000000
--- a/include/xtensor/zmath.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_ZMATH_HPP
-#define XTENSOR_ZMATH_HPP
-
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "zarray_impl.hpp"
-
-namespace xt
-{
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        // For further improvement: move shape computation
-        // at the beginning of a zarray assignment so it is computed
-        // only once
-        template <class E1, class E2>
-        inline void zassign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
-        {
-            e1.derived_cast() = e2.derived_cast();
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class XF>
-    struct get_zmapped_functor;
-    
-    template <class XF>
-    using get_zmapped_functor_t = typename get_zmapped_functor<XF>::type;
-
-#define XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZFUN, XFUN)                                        \
-    template <>                                                                    \
-    struct get_zmapped_functor<XFUN>                                               \
-    { using type = ZFUN; }
-
-#define XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(ZNAME, XOP, XFUN)                                  \
-    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
-    {                                                                              \
-        template <class T, class  R>                                               \
-        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z, ztyped_array<R>& zres)           \
-        {                                                                          \
-            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), XOP z.get_array());             \
-        }                                                                          \
-        template <class T>                                                         \
-        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T>&)                                \
-        {                                                                          \
-            using result_type = ztyped_array<decltype(XOP std::declval<T>())>;     \
-            return result_type::get_class_static_index();                          \
-        }                                                                          \
-    };                                                                             \
-    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
-
-#define XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(ZNAME, XOP, XFUN)                                 \
-    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
-    {                                                                              \
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R>                                     \
-        static void run(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,                                \
-                        const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,                                \
-                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)                                     \
-        {                                                                          \
-            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(),                                 \
-                                 z1.get_array() XOP z2.get_array());               \
-        }                                                                          \
-        template <class T1, class T2>                                              \
-        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T1>&, const ztyped_array<T2>&)      \
-        {                                                                          \
-            using result_type =                                                    \
-                ztyped_array<decltype(std::declval<T1>() XOP std::declval<T2>())>; \
-            return result_type::get_class_static_index();                          \
-        }                                                                          \
-    };                                                                             \
-    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
-
-#define XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ZNAME, XEXP, XFUN)                                  \
-    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
-    {                                                                              \
-        template <class T, class R>                                                \
-        static void run(const ztyped_array<T>& z,                                  \
-                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)                                     \
-        {                                                                          \
-            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(), XEXP(z.get_array()));           \
-        }                                                                          \
-        template <class T>                                                         \
-        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T>&)                                \
-        {                                                                          \
-            using value_type = decltype(std::declval<XFUN>()(std::declval<T>()));  \
-            return ztyped_array<value_type>::get_class_static_index();             \
-        }                                                                          \
-    };                                                                             \
-    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
-
-#define XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(ZNAME, XEXP, XFUN)                                 \
-    struct ZNAME                                                                   \
-    {                                                                              \
-        template <class T1, class T2, class R>                                     \
-        static void run(const ztyped_array<T1>& z1,                                \
-                        const ztyped_array<T2>& z2,                                \
-                        ztyped_array<R>& zres)                                     \
-        {                                                                          \
-            detail::zassign_data(zres.get_array(),                                 \
-                                 XEXP(z1.get_array(), z2.get_array()));            \
-        }                                                                          \
-        template <class T1, class T2>                                              \
-        static size_t index(const ztyped_array<T1>&, const ztyped_array<T2>&)      \
-        {                                                                          \
-            using value_type = decltype(                                           \
-                std::declval<XFUN>()(std::declval<T1>(), std::declval<T2>()));     \
-            return ztyped_array<value_type>::get_class_static_index();             \
-        }                                                                          \
-    };                                                                             \
-    XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR(ZNAME, XFUN)
-
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(zidentity, +, detail::identity);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(znegate, -, detail::negate);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zplus, +, detail::plus);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zminus, -, detail::minus);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zmultiuplies, *, detail::multiplies);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zdivides, /, detail::divides);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zmodulus, %, detail::modulus);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zlogical_or, ||, detail::logical_or);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zlogical_and, &&, detail::logical_and);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(zlogical_not, !, detail::logical_not);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_or, |, detail::bitwise_or);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_and, &, detail::bitwise_and);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_xor, ^, detail::bitwise_xor);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR(zbitwise_not, ~, detail::bitwise_not);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zleft_shift, <<, detail::left_shift);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zright_shift, >>, detail::right_shift);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zless, <, detail::less);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zless_equal, <=, detail::less_equal);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zgreater, >, detail::greater);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zgreater_equal, >=, detail::greater_equal);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(zequal_to, ==, detail::equal_to);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR(znot_equal_to, !=, detail::not_equal_to);
-
-
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfabs, xt::fabs, math::fabs_fun);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfmod, xt::fmod, math::fmod_fun);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zremainder, xt::remainder, math::remainder_fun);
-    //XTENSOR_TERNARY_ZFUNCTOR(fma);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfmax, xt::fmax, math::fmax_fun);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfmin, xt::fmin, math::fmin_fun);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfdim, xt::fdim, math::fdim_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zexp, xt::exp, math::exp_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zexp2, xt::exp2, math::exp2_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zexpm1, xt::expm1, math::expm1_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog, xt::log, math::log_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog10, xt::log10, math::log10_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog2, xt::log2, math::log2_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlog1p, xt::log1p, math::log1p_fun);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zpow, xt::pow, math::pow_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zsqrt, xt::sqrt, math::sqrt_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zcbrt, xt::cbrt, math::cbrt_fun);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zhypot, xt::hypot, math::hypot_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zsin, xt::sin, math::sin_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zcos, xt::cos, math::cos_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztan, xt::tan, math::tan_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zasin, xt::asin, math::asin_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zacos, xt::acos, math::acos_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zatan, xt::atan, math::atan_fun);
-    XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR(zatan2, xt::atan2, math::atan2_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zsinh, xt::sinh, math::sinh_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zcosh, xt::cosh, math::cosh_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztanh, xt::tanh, math::tanh_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zasinh, xt::asinh, math::asinh_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zacosh, xt::acosh, math::acosh_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zatanh, xt::atanh, math::atanh_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zerf, xt::erf, math::erf_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zerfc, xt::erfc, math::erfc_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztgamma, xt::tgamma, math::tgamma_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zlgamma, xt::lgamma, math::lgamma_fun);
-    /*XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zceil, xt::ceil, math::ceil_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zfloor, xt::floor, math::floor_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(ztrunc, xt::trunc, math::trunc_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zround, xt::round, math::round_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(znearbyint, xt::nearbyint, math::nearbyint_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zrint, xt::rint, math::rint_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisfinite, xt::isfinite, math::isfinite_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisinf, xt::isinf, math::isinf_fun);
-    XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR(zisnan, xt::isnan, math::isnan_fun);*/
-
-#undef XTENSOR_BINARY_ZFUNCTOR
-#undef XTENSOR_UNARY_ZFUNCTOR
-#undef XTENSOR_BINARY_ZOPERATOR
-#undef XTENSOR_UNARY_ZOPERATOR
-#undef XTENSOR_ZMAPPED_FUNCTOR
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index fbbfe7b5d..ae467b8ab 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -188,7 +188,6 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xview.cpp
     test_xview_semantic.cpp
     test_xutils.cpp
-    test_zarray.cpp
 )
 
 set(XTENSOR_TESTS
diff --git a/test/test_zarray.cpp b/test/test_zarray.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6597d866b..000000000
--- a/test/test_zarray.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "xtensor/zarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/zfunction.hpp"
-
-#ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-namespace xt
-{
-    using namespace xt;
-    TEST(zarray, value_semantics)
-    {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
-        xarray<double> ra = {{2., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
-        zarray da(a);
-        da.get_array<double>()(0, 0) = 2.;
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, ra);
-    }
-
-    // TODO : move to dedicated test file
-    TEST(zarray, dispatching)
-    {
-        using dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
-        dispatcher_type::init();
-
-        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
-        xarray<double> expa = {{std::exp(0.5), std::exp(1.5)}, {std::exp(2.5), std::exp(3.5)}};
-        xarray<double> res;
-        zarray za(a);
-        zarray zres(res);
-
-        dispatcher_type::dispatch(za.get_implementation(), zres.get_implementation());
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(expa, res);
-    }
-
-    // TODO: move to dedicated test file
-    TEST(zarray, zfunction)
-    {
-        using exp_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
-        exp_dispatcher_type::init();
-
-        using add_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<detail::plus, 2>;
-        add_dispatcher_type::init();
-
-        using nested_zfunction_type = zfunction<math::exp_fun, const zarray&>;
-        using zfunction_type = zfunction<detail::plus, const zarray&, nested_zfunction_type>;
-
-        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
-        xarray<double> b = {{-0.2, 2.4}, {1.3, 4.7}};
-        xarray<double> res;
-
-        zarray za(a);
-        zarray zb(b);
-        zarray zres(res);
-
-        zfunction_type f(zplus(), za, nested_zfunction_type(zexp(), zb));
-        f.assign_to(zres.get_implementation());
-
-        auto expected = xarray<double>::from_shape({2, 2});
-        std::transform(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin(), expected.begin(),
-                       [](const double& lhs, const double& rhs) { return lhs + std::exp(rhs); });
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
-
-        size_t res_index = f.get_result_type_index();
-        EXPECT_EQ(res_index, ztyped_array<double>::get_class_static_index());
-    }
-
-    TEST(zarray, operations)
-    {
-        using exp_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
-        exp_dispatcher_type::init();
-
-        using add_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<detail::plus, 2>;
-        add_dispatcher_type::init();
-
-        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
-        xarray<double> b = {{-0.2, 2.4}, {1.3, 4.7}};
-        xarray<double> res;
-
-        zarray za(a);
-        zarray zb(b);
-        zarray zres(res);
-
-        auto f = za + xt::exp(zb);
-        f.assign_to(zres.get_implementation());
-
-        auto expected = xarray<double>::from_shape({2, 2});
-        std::transform(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin(), expected.begin(),
-                       [](const double& lhs, const double& rhs) { return lhs + std::exp(rhs); });
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
-    }
-
-    TEST(zarray, assign)
-    {
-        using exp_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<math::exp_fun, 1>;
-        exp_dispatcher_type::init();
-
-        using add_dispatcher_type = zdispatcher_t<detail::plus, 2>;
-        add_dispatcher_type::init();
-
-        xarray<double> a = {{0.5, 1.5}, {2.5, 3.5}};
-        xarray<double> b = {{-0.2, 2.4}, {1.3, 4.7}};
-
-        zarray za(a);
-        zarray zb(b);
-
-        zarray zres = za + xt::exp(zb);
-        auto expected = xarray<double>::from_shape({2, 2});
-        std::transform(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin(), expected.begin(),
-                       [](const double& lhs, const double& rhs) { return lhs + std::exp(rhs); });
-
-        const auto& res = zres.get_array<double>();
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(res, expected)));
-    }
-
-    TEST(zarray, chunked_array)
-    {
-        using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
-        shape_type shape = {10, 10, 10};
-        shape_type chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
-        auto a = chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
-
-        zarray za(a);
-        shape_type res = za.as_chunked_array().chunk_shape();
-        EXPECT_EQ(res, chunk_shape);
-    }
-}
-#endif
-

From e0bd285e16dbca51c0a8279ee24b4ff84391b20d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2020 09:22:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 145/606] Fixup docs build

---
 docs/environment.yml | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/environment.yml b/docs/environment.yml
index 21a4fd065..3b9b55633 100644
--- a/docs/environment.yml
+++ b/docs/environment.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 name: xtensor-docs
 
 channels:
-  - QuantStack
+  - conda-forge
 
 dependencies:
   - breathe
-  - sphinx=2.4.4

From 73bd889ec831d7760d5965470f4ce71566de0cc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2020 15:44:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 146/606] improve xeval

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp           |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp              | 23 +++------------
 include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp | 41 +++++++++++++++++++-------
 include/xtensor/xpad.hpp               | 13 +++-----
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp      |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 113f05796..9b29cd1de 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto empty_like(const xexpression<E>& e)
     {
-        using xtype = temporary_type_t<typename E::value_type, typename E::shape_type, E::static_layout>;
+        using xtype = temporary_type_t<E>;
         auto res = xtype::from_shape(e.derived_cast().shape());
         return res;
     }
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto full_like(const xexpression<E>& e, typename E::value_type fill_value)
     {
-        using xtype = temporary_type_t<typename E::value_type, typename E::shape_type, E::static_layout>;
+        using xtype = temporary_type_t<E>;
         auto res = xtype::from_shape(e.derived_cast().shape());
         res.fill(fill_value);
         return res;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 04fc5fd26..3f0e9c881 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EVAL_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EVAL_HPP
 
+#include "xexpression_traits.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xshape.hpp"
 
@@ -40,28 +41,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
-    template <class T, class I = std::decay_t<T>>
-    inline auto eval(T&& t)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!detail::is_container<I>::value && detail::is_array<typename I::shape_type>::value && !detail::is_fixed<typename I::shape_type>::value, xtensor<typename I::value_type, std::tuple_size<typename I::shape_type>::value>>
-    {
-        return xtensor<typename I::value_type, std::tuple_size<typename I::shape_type>::value>(std::forward<T>(t));
-    }
-
-    template <class T, class I = std::decay_t<T>>
-    inline auto eval(T&& t)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!detail::is_container<I>::value && !detail::is_array<typename I::shape_type>::value && !detail::is_fixed<typename I::shape_type>::value, xt::xarray<typename I::value_type>>
-    {
-        return xarray<typename I::value_type>(std::forward<T>(t));
-    }
-
-    template <class T, class I = std::decay_t<T>>
+    template <class T>
     inline auto eval(T&& t)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!detail::is_container<I>::value && detail::is_fixed<typename I::shape_type>::value && !detail::is_array<typename I::shape_type>::value,
-                            xt::xtensor_fixed<typename I::value_type, typename I::shape_type>>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!detail::is_container<std::decay_t<T>>::value, temporary_type_t<T>>
     {
-        return xtensor_fixed<typename I::value_type, typename I::shape_type>(std::forward<T>(t));
+        return std::forward<T>(t);
     }
-    /// @endcond
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
index 8cea3e367..a396bca0e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class... C>
     using common_value_type_t = typename common_value_type<C...>::type;
-    
+
     /********************
      * common_size_type *
      ********************/
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class... Args>
     using common_difference_type_t = typename common_difference_type<Args...>::type;
-    
+
     /******************
      * temporary_type *
      ******************/
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 6)
-#if __cplusplus == 201703L 
+#if __cplusplus == 201703L
         template <template <class, std::size_t, class, bool> class S, class X, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
         struct xtype_for_shape<S<X, N, A, Init>>
         {
@@ -128,15 +128,34 @@ namespace xt
             using type = xtensor_fixed<T, xshape<X...>, L>;
         };
     }
-    
-    template <class T, class S, layout_type L>
+
+    template <class Tag, class T>
+    struct temporary_type_from_tag;
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct temporary_type_from_tag<xtensor_expression_tag, T>
+    {
+        using I = std::decay_t<T>;
+        using shape_type = typename I::shape_type;
+        using value_type = typename I::value_type;
+        static constexpr layout_type static_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT;
+        using type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<shape_type>::template type<value_type, static_layout>;
+    };
+
+    template <class T, class = void>
     struct temporary_type
     {
-        using type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<S>::template type<T, L>;
+        using type = typename temporary_type_from_tag<xexpression_tag_t<T>, T>::type;
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct temporary_type<T, void_t<typename std::decay_t<T>::temporary_type>>
+    {
+        using type = typename std::decay_t<T>::temporary_type;
     };
 
-    template <class T, class S, layout_type L>
-    using temporary_type_t = typename temporary_type<T, S, L>::type;
+    template <class T>
+    using temporary_type_t = typename temporary_type<T>::type;
 
     /**********************
      * common_tensor_type *
@@ -148,9 +167,9 @@ namespace xt
         struct common_tensor_type_impl
         {
             static constexpr layout_type static_layout = compute_layout(std::decay_t<C>::static_layout...);
-            using type = temporary_type_t<common_value_type_t<C...>,
-                                          promote_shape_t<typename C::shape_type...>,
-                                          static_layout>;
+            using value_type = common_value_type_t<C...>;
+            using shape_type = promote_shape_t<typename C::shape_type...>;
+            using type = typename xtype_for_shape<shape_type>::template type<value_type, static_layout>;
         };
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
index 263a8c8fe..7113d9c54 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
@@ -80,10 +80,7 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(detail::check_pad_width(pad_width, e.shape()));
 
         using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
-        using return_type = temporary_type_t<value_type,
-                                             typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type,
-                                             std::decay_t<E>::static_layout>;
+        using return_type = temporary_type_t<E>;
 
         // place the original array in the center
 
@@ -239,10 +236,8 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto tile(E&& e, const S& reps)
         {
             using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
-            using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
-            using return_type = temporary_type_t<value_type,
-                                                 typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type,
-                                                 std::decay_t<E>::static_layout>;
+
+            using return_type = temporary_type_t<E>;
 
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(e.shape().size() == reps.size());
 
@@ -262,7 +257,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             xt::xstrided_slice_vector svs(e.shape().size(), xt::all());
             xt::xstrided_slice_vector svt(e.shape().size(), xt::all());
-            
+
             for (size_type axis = 0; axis < e.shape().size(); ++axis)
             {
                 for (size_type i = 1; i < static_cast<size_type>(reps[axis]); ++i)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 7e62da3f3..8ea35b2bb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace xt
         using undecay_shape = S;
         using storage_getter = FST;
         using inner_storage_type = typename storage_getter::type;
-        using temporary_type = temporary_type_t<typename xexpression_type::value_type, S, L>;
+        using temporary_type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<S>::template type<typename xexpression_type::value_type, L>;
         using storage_type = std::remove_reference_t<inner_storage_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type layout = L;
     };

From 9473ea29f76d805877ae45287713cc7fda344360 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 2020 10:34:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 147/606] Handle all switch case for endianness

---
 test/test_xnpy.cpp | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 13b50e632..ef3f9e4dc 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ namespace xt
         case xtl::endian::little_endian:
             endianness = ".le";
             break;
+        case xtl::endian::mixed:
+            endianness = ".unsupported";
+            break;
         }
         return npy_prefix + lts + endianness + ".npy";
     }

From 6846c156825356a62dc16193245936988793fe6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 2020 10:34:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 148/606] Avoid signed/unsigned comparison

---
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 5d7ecd7d8..ec91c526f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct is_contiguous_view
             : std::integral_constant<bool,
                 has_data_interface<E>::value &&
-                !(E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major && static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value != sizeof...(S)) &&
+                !(E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)) &&
                 is_contiguous_view_impl<E::static_layout, true, false, false, xtl::mpl::vector<S...>>::value
               >
         {

From ba6d4731a2066afe6693f5a123f8bba01f1dc580 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 2020 10:36:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 149/606] Make various implicit conversion explicit

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index eca4eff69..373295c61 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2694,9 +2694,10 @@ namespace detail {
         // note: forcing copy of first axes argument -- is there a better solution?
         auto axes_copy = axes;
         using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
+        using sum_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::common_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, value_type>, T>;
         // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
         // std::plus<double>.
-        return nansum<T>(sc, std::forward<X>(axes), es) / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, std::move(axes_copy), es));
+        return nansum<sum_type>(sc, std::forward<X>(axes), es) / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, std::move(axes_copy), es));
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
@@ -2705,7 +2706,8 @@ namespace detail {
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
         using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-        return nansum<T>(sc, es) / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, es));
+        using sum_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::common_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, value_type>, T>;
+        return nansum<sum_type>(sc, es) / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, es));
     }
 
 #ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
@@ -2776,7 +2778,7 @@ namespace detail {
             keep_dim_shape[el] = 1;
         }
         auto mrv = reshape_view<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(std::move(inner_mean), std::move(keep_dim_shape));
-        return nanmean<result_type>(square(sc - std::move(mrv)), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
+        return nanmean<result_type>(square(cast<result_type>(sc) - std::move(mrv)), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
     }
 
     /**

From b24b7a076e8b148c1d20c3f798306416fb657caf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 2020 10:36:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 150/606] Make xmasked_view copy constructor default

---
 include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
index 38d050244..acd51ecd5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class D, class M>
         xmasked_view(D&& data, M&& mask);
 
+        xmasked_view(xmasked_view const&) = default;
+
         size_type size() const noexcept;
         const inner_shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
         const inner_strides_type& strides() const noexcept;

From e25080b80f6f3d8fbf138d8989ba4f28d0bdb8cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:53:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 151/606] Release 0.21.10

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 12 ++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cd7904879..22c7fb54d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.21.10  | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.9   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.8   | ^0.6.20 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.7   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 5cd5db7cf..4c48437b3 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,18 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.21.10
+-------
+
+- Document chunked arrays
+  `#2102 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2102>`_
+- Removed ``zarray`` files
+  `#2221 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2221>`_
+- Improved ``xeval``
+  `#2223 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2223>`_
+- Fixed various warnings
+  `#2224 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2224>`_
+
 0.21.9
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index c0665ba7b..08381764e 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.21.9
+  - xtensor=0.21.10
   - xtensor-blas=0.17.2
   - xeus-cling=0.8.1
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 61bcef2ea..70c88c587 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 9
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 10
 
 // DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
 #ifdef __clang__

From 72e1273f55790077a2d4cdc761de52a4afd9b652 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 2020 16:16:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 152/606] Added missing header in xfixed

---
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 7835f9ea6..265ba481d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+
 #include "xcontainer.hpp"
 #include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xstorage.hpp"

From 1e399889c0c87e9dec787aac35be727baf4ea9b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 24 Nov 2020 10:58:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 153/606] Adding pi to docs

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index d57391054..09aaf4dd7 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -522,7 +522,6 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 | ``np.radians(a)``                             | ``xt::radians(a)``                            |
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 
-
 **Exponential functions:**
 
 +-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
@@ -618,6 +617,14 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 
 See :ref:`histogram`.
 
+**Numerical constants:**
+
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                           Python 3 - numpy                                    |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
++===============================================================================+================================================================================+
+| ``np.pi``                                                                     | ``xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;``                                         |
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
 Linear algebra
 --------------
 

From e46519da342f179fbdc9c40bcdd69b844c34364e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Nov 2020 08:44:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 154/606] Migrated travis builds to azure pipelines

---
 ...ux.yml => azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml} |  2 +-
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml             | 55 +++++++++++++++++++
 .azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml               | 46 +++++++++++++++-
 azure-pipelines.yml                           |  3 +-
 4 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 rename .azure-pipelines/{azure-pipelines-linux.yml => azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml} (98%)
 create mode 100644 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
similarity index 98%
rename from .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux.yml
rename to .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
index f0ee64f29..f1d68948a 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 jobs:
-  - job: 'Linux'
+  - job: 'Linux_0'
     strategy:
       matrix:
         clang_4:
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3e7ee743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+jobs:
+  - job: 'Linux_1'
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        gcc_4:
+          gcc_version: '4.9'
+          check_cyclic_includes: 1
+        gcc_5_disable_xsimd:
+          gcc_version: '5'
+          disable_xsimd: 1
+        gcc_6_disable_exception:
+          gcc_version: '6'
+          disable_exception: 1
+        gcc_6_column_major:
+          gcc_version: '6'
+          column_major_layout: 1
+        gcc_7:
+          gcc_version: '7'
+        gcc_7_tbb:
+          gcc_version: '7'
+          enable_tbb: 1
+        gcc_7_openmp:
+          gcc_version: '7'
+          enable_openmp: 1
+        gcc_8_bound_checks:
+          gcc_version: '8'
+          bound_checks: 1
+          build_benchmark: 1
+          disable_xsimd: 1
+        gcc_8_cpp17:
+          gcc_version: '8'
+          enable_cpp17: 1
+        gcc_9:
+          gcc_version: '9'
+    pool:
+      vmImage: ubuntu-16.04
+    variables:
+      CC: gcc-$(gcc_version)
+      CXX: g++-$(gcc_version)
+    timeoutInMinutes: 360
+    steps:
+
+      - script: |
+          if [[ $(gcc_version) == '4.9' || $(gcc_version) == '6' ]]; then
+            sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$(gcc_version)
+          fi
+        displayName: Install build toolchain
+          
+      - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
+        displayName: Add conda to PATH
+
+      - template: unix-build.yml
+
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
index 55c1b194d..d23a8ec9e 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
@@ -3,13 +3,57 @@ steps:
       conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
       conda update -q conda
       conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
+      source activate xtensor
+      if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
+        conda install tbb-devel -c conda-forge
+      fi
     displayName: Install dependencies
 
+  - script: |
+      source activate xtensor
+      if [[ $(check_cyclic_includes)  == 1 ]]; then
+        set -e
+        conda install networkx -c conda-forge
+        cd tools
+        chmod +x check_circular.py
+        ./check_circular.py
+        cd ..
+        set +e
+      fi
+    displayName: Check circular includes
+
   - script: |
       source activate xtensor
       mkdir build
       cd build
-      cmake -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
+      if [[ $(bound_checks) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON";
+      fi
+      if [[ $(column_major_layout) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON";
+      fi
+      if [[ $(disable_ximsd) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=OFF";
+      else
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON";
+      fi
+      if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib ..";
+      fi
+      if [[ $(enable_openmp) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON";
+      fi
+      if [[ $(disable_exception) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTION=ON";
+      fi
+      if [[ $(enable_cpp17) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DCPP17=ON";
+      fi
+      if [[ $(build_benchmark) == 1 ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON";
+      fi
+
+      cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX $CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
     displayName: Configure xtensor
     workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
       
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index fb189bfe8..fa63f16b6 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ trigger:
 
 jobs:
   - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
-  - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux.yml
+  - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
+  - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
   - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
 

From a2d35aa96f9f15929497c3bc234f781d3b3d8139 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Nov 2020 09:50:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 155/606] Removed travis CI

---
 .travis.yml | 224 ----------------------------------------------------
 README.md   |   1 -
 2 files changed, 225 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .travis.yml

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 84d8f4c1e..000000000
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-language: cpp
-dist: xenial
-env:
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-  include:
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-4.9
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=4.9 CHECK_CYCLIC_INCLUDES=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = coverity
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-7
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=7 COVERITY_SCAN=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-5
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=5 DISABLE_XSIMD=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-6
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=6 DISABLE_EXCEPTION=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-6
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=6 COLUMN_MAJOR_LAYOUT=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-7
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=7
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-7
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=7 ENABLE_TBB=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-7
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=7 ENABLE_OPENMP=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-8
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=8 BOUND_CHECKS=1 BUILD_BENCHMARK=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-8
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=8 ENABLE_CPP17=1
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-9
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=9
-    - os: linux
-      if: branch = master
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-9
-      env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=9 ENABLE_CPP20=1
-    - os: osx
-      if: branch = master
-      osx_image: xcode9
-      compiler: clang
-  allow_failures:
-    - env: COMPILER=gcc GCC=9 ENABLE_CPP20=1
-
-env:
-  global:
-    - MINCONDA_VERSION="latest"
-    - MINCONDA_LINUX="Linux-x86_64"
-    - MINCONDA_OSX="MacOSX-x86_64"
-before_install:
-    - |
-      # Configure build variables
-      if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then
-        export CXX=g++-$GCC CC=gcc-$GCC;
-      elif [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then
-        export CXX=clang++ CC=clang;
-      fi
-install:
-    # Define the version of miniconda to download
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then
-        MINCONDA_OS=$MINCONDA_LINUX;
-      elif [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then
-        MINCONDA_OS=$MINCONDA_OSX;
-      fi
-    - wget "http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-$MINCONDA_VERSION-$MINCONDA_OS.sh" -O miniconda.sh;
-    - bash miniconda.sh -b -p $HOME/miniconda
-    - export PATH="$HOME/miniconda/bin:$PATH"
-    - hash -r
-    - conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
-    - conda update -q conda
-    - conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
-    - source activate xtensor
-    - |
-      if [[ "$CHECK_CYCLIC_INCLUDES"  == 1 ]]; then
-        set -e
-        conda install networkx -c conda-forge
-        cd tools
-        chmod +x check_circular.py
-        ./check_circular.py
-        cd ..
-        set +e
-      fi
-    - if [[ "$ENABLE_TBB" == 1 ]]; then
-        conda install tbb-devel -c conda-forge;
-      fi
-    # download & install coverity tool
-    - |
-      if [[ "$COVERITY_SCAN" == 1 ]]; then
-        wget https://scan.coverity.com/download/linux64 --post-data "token=dhiOJUHtbFzXmULLZQCwiQ&project=xTensor" -O coverity_tool.tgz
-        tar xaf coverity_tool.tgz
-        rm coverity_tool.tgz
-        mv cov-analysis-linux64-* cov-analysis-linux64
-        export PATH="${PATH}:${PWD}/cov-analysis-linux64/bin"
-        if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then
-          if [[ "$COMPILER" == "gcc" ]]; then
-            cov-configure --template --comptype gcc --compiler g++-$GCC
-          fi
-        fi
-      fi
-    # Testing
-    - mkdir build
-    - cd build
-    - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then
-        cat /proc/cpuinfo;
-        ldd --version;
-      fi
-    - if [[ "$BOUND_CHECKS" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON ..;
-      elif [[ "$COLUMN_MAJOR_LAYOUT" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON ..;
-      elif [[ "$DISABLE_XSIMD" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON ..;
-      elif [[ "$ENABLE_TBB" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=/home/travis/miniconda/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=/home/travis/miniconda/lib ..;
-      elif [[ "$ENABLE_OPENMP" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON ..;
-      elif [[ "$ENABLE_CPP17" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCPP17=ON ..;
-      elif [[ "$ENABLE_CPP20" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCPP20=ON ..;
-      elif [[ "$DISABLE_EXCEPTION" == 1 ]]; then
-        cmake -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON ..;
-      else
-        cmake -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON ..;
-      fi
-
-    # build & prepare tarball with coverity scanner
-    - |
-      if [[ "$COVERITY_SCAN" == 1 ]]; then
-        cov-build --dir cov-int make -j2 test_xtensor_core_lib
-        tar czvf cov-int.tgz cov-int
-        curl --form token=dhiOJUHtbFzXmULLZQCwiQ \
-             --form email=jaeho.kim@siemens-healthineers.com \
-             --form file=@cov-int.tgz \
-             --form version="CoverityBranch" \
-             --form description="Automatic Coverity Scan build from Coverity branch" \
-             https://scan.coverity.com/builds?project=xTensor
-      fi
-      make -j2 test_xtensor_lib
-
-    - if [[ "$BUILD_BENCHMARK" == 1 ]]; then
-        make -j2 benchmark_xtensor ;
-      fi
-    - cd test
-script:
-    - ./test_xtensor_lib
-    
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 22c7fb54d..7bd0498eb 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # ![xtensor](docs/source/xtensor.svg)
 
-[![Travis](https://travis-ci.org/xtensor-stack/xtensor.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/xtensor-stack/xtensor)
 [![Appveyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/dljjg79povwgncuf?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/xtensor-stack/xtensor)
 [![Azure](https://dev.azure.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-stack/_apis/build/status/xtensor-stack.xtensor?branchName=master)](https://dev.azure.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-stack/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=master)
 [![Coverity](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/18335/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/xtensor)

From d4eba5dd4fc95c960011ed8ab35851b747a7a62e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Nov 2020 11:35:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 156/606] Skips functor_adaptor simd test when the default
 layout is column major

---
 test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
index a7e91ba84..a4614545b 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -148,6 +148,12 @@ namespace xt
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD) && XSIMD_X86_INSTR_SET >= XSIMD_X86_AVX_VERSION && XSIMD_X86_INSTR_SET < XSIMD_X86_AVX512_VERSION
     TEST(xfunctor_adaptor, simd)
     {
+        // This test fails when the default layour is column_major
+        if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == ::xt::layout_type::column_major)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
         xarray<std::complex<double>> e = {{3.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
                                           {1.0 - 1.0i, 2.0       }};
         auto iview = xt::imag(e);

From 291e673dc06a29fd934695702c10d8b738446e90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Jul 2020 19:17:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 157/606] Improve histogram performance with equal bin sizes

---
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp | 144 +++++++++++++++++++++------------
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp       |  12 +++
 2 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 1563db26c..1397fb9a5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -44,6 +44,79 @@ namespace xt
         return xt::searchsorted(std::forward<E2>(bin_edges), std::forward<E1>(data), right);
     }
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class R = double, class E1, class E2, class E3>
+        inline auto histogram_imp(E1&& data, E2&& bin_edges, E3&& weights, bool density, bool equal_bins)
+        {
+            using size_type = common_size_type_t<std::decay_t<E1>, std::decay_t<E2>, std::decay_t<E3>>;
+            using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E3>::value_type;
+
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(data.dimension() == 1);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.dimension() == 1);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.dimension() == 1);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.size() == data.size());
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.size() >= 2);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(bin_edges.cbegin(), bin_edges.cend()));
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amin(data)[0] >= bin_edges[0]);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amax(data)[0] <= bin_edges[bin_edges.size() - 1]);
+
+            size_t n_bins = bin_edges.size() - 1;
+            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> count = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n_bins });
+
+            if (equal_bins)
+            {
+                std::array<typename std::decay_t<E2>::value_type, 2> bounds = xt::minmax(bin_edges)();
+                auto left = static_cast<double>(bounds[0]);
+                auto right = static_cast<double>(bounds[1]);
+                double norm = 1. / (right - left);
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
+                {
+                    auto v = static_cast<double>(data(i));
+                    // left and right are not bounds of data
+                    if ( v >= left & v < right )
+                    {
+                        auto i_bin = static_cast<size_t>(static_cast<double>(n_bins) * (static_cast<double>(data(i)) - left) * norm);
+                        count(i_bin) += weights(i);
+                    }
+                    else if ( v == right )
+                    {
+                        count(n_bins - 1) += weights(i);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                auto sorter = xt::argsort(data);
+
+                size_type ibin = 0;
+
+                for (auto& idx : sorter)
+                {
+                    while (data[idx] >= bin_edges[ibin + 1] && ibin < bin_edges.size() - 2)
+                    {
+                        ++ibin;
+                    }
+                    count[ibin] += weights[idx];
+                }
+            }
+
+            xt::xtensor<R, 1> prob = xt::cast<R>(count);
+
+            if (density)
+            {
+                R n = static_cast<R>(data.size());
+                for (size_type i = 0; i < bin_edges.size() - 1; ++i)
+                {
+                    prob[i] /= (static_cast<R>(bin_edges[i + 1] - bin_edges[i]) * n);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return prob;
+        }
+
+    } //detail
+
     /**
      * @ingroup histogram
      * @brief Compute the histogram of a set of data.
@@ -57,45 +130,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R = double, class E1, class E2, class E3>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, E2&& bin_edges, E3&& weights, bool density = false)
     {
-        using size_type = common_size_type_t<std::decay_t<E1>, std::decay_t<E2>, std::decay_t<E3>>;
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E3>::value_type;
-
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(data.dimension() == 1);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.dimension() == 1);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.dimension() == 1);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.size() == data.size());
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.size() >= 2);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(bin_edges.cbegin(), bin_edges.cend()));
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amin(data)[0] >= bin_edges[0]);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amax(data)[0] <= bin_edges[bin_edges.size() - 1]);
-
-        xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> count = xt::zeros<value_type>({ bin_edges.size() - 1 });
-
-        auto sorter = xt::argsort(data);
-
-        size_type ibin = 0;
-
-        for (auto& idx : sorter)
-        {
-            while (data[idx] >= bin_edges[ibin + 1] && ibin < bin_edges.size() - 2)
-            {
-                ++ibin;
-            }
-            count[ibin] += weights[idx];
-        }
-
-        xt::xtensor<R, 1> prob = xt::cast<R>(count);
-
-        if (density)
-        {
-            R n = static_cast<R>(data.size());
-            for (size_type i = 0; i < bin_edges.size() - 1; ++i)
-            {
-                prob[i] /= (static_cast<R>(bin_edges[i + 1] - bin_edges[i]) * n);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return prob;
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                        std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
+                                        std::forward<E3>(weights),
+                                        density,
+                                        false);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -114,10 +153,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        return histogram(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                         std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
-                         xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                         density);
+        return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                     std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
+                                     xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
+                                     density,
+                                     false);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -138,10 +178,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto bin_edges = histogram_bin_edges(data, xt::ones<value_type>({ n }), bins);
 
-        return histogram(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                         std::forward<E1>(bin_edges),
-                         xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                         density);
+        return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                     std::forward<E1>(bin_edges),
+                                     xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
+                                     density,
+                                     true);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -159,10 +200,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         auto bin_edges = histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, bins);
 
-        return histogram(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                         std::forward<E1>(bin_edges),
-                         std::forward<E2>(weights),
-                         density);
+        return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                     std::forward<E1>(bin_edges),
+                                     std::forward<E2>(weights),
+                                     density,
+                                     true);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index 79c7aeb26..4d9b46e27 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -29,6 +31,16 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
         }
 
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1> edges {0, 1.5, 3};
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1> weights {1, 1, 1, 1};
+            auto count = xt::histogram<int>(data, edges, weights, true);
+            // This is indeed a bug. If the count is the density, an integral return
+            // type should not be allowed.
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 0.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 0.);
+        }
+
         {
             xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(data,
                 xt::histogram_bin_edges(data, std::size_t(2), xt::histogram_algorithm::uniform)

From d99144d08fd6d7210df495e2626e4be3e06ac5ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Dec 2020 18:28:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 158/606] Remove redundant code

---
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp |  2 +-
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp       | 12 ------------
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 1397fb9a5..ce436a29c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace xt
                     // left and right are not bounds of data
                     if ( v >= left & v < right )
                     {
-                        auto i_bin = static_cast<size_t>(static_cast<double>(n_bins) * (static_cast<double>(data(i)) - left) * norm);
+                        auto i_bin = static_cast<size_t>(static_cast<double>(n_bins) * (v - left) * norm);
                         count(i_bin) += weights(i);
                     }
                     else if ( v == right )
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index 4d9b46e27..79c7aeb26 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -31,16 +29,6 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
         }
 
-        {
-            xt::xtensor<double, 1> edges {0, 1.5, 3};
-            xt::xtensor<double, 1> weights {1, 1, 1, 1};
-            auto count = xt::histogram<int>(data, edges, weights, true);
-            // This is indeed a bug. If the count is the density, an integral return
-            // type should not be allowed.
-            EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 0.);
-            EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 0.);
-        }
-
         {
             xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(data,
                 xt::histogram_bin_edges(data, std::size_t(2), xt::histogram_algorithm::uniform)

From 152dc770709a8748cdaf4cca3eec1edbea697ffd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Dec 2020 16:12:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 159/606] Pins breathe 4.16.0 in docs/environment.yml

---
 docs/environment.yml | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/environment.yml b/docs/environment.yml
index 3b9b55633..a2ad7e8a7 100644
--- a/docs/environment.yml
+++ b/docs/environment.yml
@@ -4,4 +4,7 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 
 dependencies:
-  - breathe
+  # More recent version of breathe has an
+  # annoying bug regarding resolution of
+  # template overloads
+  - breathe==4.16.0

From 8909f003c14634d48f1cf53422cc7da2e01a6d0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Dec 2020 00:06:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 160/606] Fixed no simd configuration

---
 .azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
index d23a8ec9e..2a1d0454c 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ steps:
       if [[ $(column_major_layout) == 1 ]]; then
         CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON";
       fi
-      if [[ $(disable_ximsd) == 1 ]]; then
+      if [[ $(disable_xsimd) == 1 ]]; then
         CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=OFF";
       else
         CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON";

From ba8c27c0e06758c13405b2b469b9d80b03b569e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Dec 2020 23:03:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 161/606] Added XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN macro for structures
 embedding xtensor_fixed data

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml | 3 +++
 docs/source/xsimd.rst                            | 8 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp               | 4 ++++
 test/test_xsimd.cpp                              | 7 ++++---
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
index f1d68948a..525b471a1 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ jobs:
           llvm_version: '8'
         clang_9:
           llvm_version: '9'
+        clang_10:
+          llvm_version: '10'
+          disable_xsimd: 1
     pool:
       vmImage: ubuntu-16.04
     variables:
diff --git a/docs/source/xsimd.rst b/docs/source/xsimd.rst
index f7de447c4..b24a365a6 100644
--- a/docs/source/xsimd.rst
+++ b/docs/source/xsimd.rst
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@ Alignment of fixed-size members
 
 If you define a structure having members of fixed-size xtensor types,
 you must ensure that the buffers properly aligned.
-For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN`` available in
+For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN`` available in
 ``xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp``.
 Consider the following example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
     template <typename T>
-    class alignas(XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)) Foo
+    class alignas(XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN) Foo
     {
     public:
 
-        using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T) != 0,
-                                                  xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)>,
+        using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN != 0,
+                                                  xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN>,
                                                   std::allocator<T>>;
 
         Foo(T fac) : m_fac(fac)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 70c88c587..3e08996f9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -114,6 +114,10 @@
 #define XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T) (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT != 0 ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT : alignof(T))
 #endif
 
+#ifndef XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN
+#define XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(void*)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef IN_DOXYGEN
 namespace xtl
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd.cpp b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
index 902d5aa36..ee935ca54 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 template <typename T>
-class alignas(XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)) Foo
+class alignas(XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN) Foo
 {
 public:
 
-    using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T) != 0,
-                                              xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T)>,
+    using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN != 0,
+                                              xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN>,
                                               std::allocator<T>>;
 
     Foo(T fac) : m_fac(fac)
@@ -49,3 +49,4 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::sum(foo.get())() == fac * 10 * 10);
     }
 }
+

From 8534a0b2719b03bb706b1555746aafd721c62b01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Dec 2020 09:23:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 162/606] drop support of old Clang versions remove pre
 processor definitions update the tests making specific tests update the doc
 simplify macros definition

---
 docs/source/compilers.rst          |   2 +
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp         |  11 --
 include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp     |  15 ---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp       |  29 +----
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp     |  10 --
 include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp    |  15 +--
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp  |  18 ---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp          | 171 +--------------------------
 include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp          |  39 -------
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp        | 182 -----------------------------
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp       |  22 ----
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp          |  33 +-----
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp  |  16 ---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |   8 --
 test/test_xadapt.cpp               |  10 +-
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp             |   3 +-
 test/test_xeval.cpp                |   2 -
 test/test_xreducer.cpp             |  13 ---
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp        |   2 -
 19 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 588 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/compilers.rst b/docs/source/compilers.rst
index a98c514d4..1d262d696 100644
--- a/docs/source/compilers.rst
+++ b/docs/source/compilers.rst
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ Workarounds for this compiler bug arise in various files of the code base.
 Everywhere, the handling of `Clang < 3.8` is wrapped with checks for the
 ``X_OLD_CLANG`` macro.
 
+The support of `Clang < 4.0` is dropped in xtensor 0.22.
+
 GCC < 5.1 and ``std::is_trivially_default_constructible``
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index 8b18e55a4..a79788e09 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -396,21 +396,12 @@ namespace xt
         return return_type(buffer_type(pointer, detail::fixed_compute_size<fixed_shape<X...>>::value));
     }
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class T,  std::size_t N>
     inline auto adapt(C&& ptr, const T(&shape)[N])
     {
         using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         return adapt(std::forward<C>(ptr), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
     }
-#else
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C>
-    inline auto adapt(C&& ptr, std::initializer_list<std::size_t> shape)
-    {
-        using shape_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
-        return adapt(std::forward<C>(ptr), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
-    }
-#endif
 
     /*****************************
      * smart_ptr adapter builder *
@@ -514,7 +505,6 @@ namespace xt
         );
     }
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     /**
      * Adapt a smart pointer to a typed memory block (unique_ptr or shared_ptr)
      *
@@ -608,7 +598,6 @@ namespace xt
             l
         );
     }
-#endif
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
index 689364def..4f2352285 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -38,13 +38,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class S>
     auto broadcast(E&& e, const S& s);
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I>
-    auto broadcast(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> s);
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t L>
     auto broadcast(E&& e, const I (&s)[L]);
-#endif
 
     /*************************
      * xbroadcast extensions *
@@ -243,15 +238,6 @@ namespace xt
         return broadcast_type(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(s)>(s));
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I>
-    inline auto broadcast(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> s)
-    {
-        using broadcast_type = xbroadcast<const_xclosure_t<E>, std::vector<std::size_t>>;
-        using shape_type = typename broadcast_type::shape_type;
-        return broadcast_type(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(s)>(s));
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t L>
     inline auto broadcast(E&& e, const I (&s)[L])
     {
@@ -259,7 +245,6 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = typename broadcast_type::shape_type;
         return broadcast_type(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(s)>(s));
     }
-#endif
 
     /*****************************
      * xbroadcast implementation *
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 9b29cd1de..9cc865f13 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    #include <initializer_list>
-#endif
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
@@ -51,19 +48,11 @@ namespace xt
         return broadcast(T(1), std::forward<S>(shape));
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class T, class I>
-    inline auto ones(std::initializer_list<I> shape) noexcept
-    {
-        return broadcast(T(1), shape);
-    }
-#else
     template <class T, class I, std::size_t L>
     inline auto ones(const I (&shape)[L]) noexcept
     {
         return broadcast(T(1), shape);
     }
-#endif
 
     /*********
      * zeros *
@@ -79,19 +68,11 @@ namespace xt
         return broadcast(T(0), std::forward<S>(shape));
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class T, class I>
-    inline auto zeros(std::initializer_list<I> shape) noexcept
-    {
-        return broadcast(T(0), shape);
-    }
-#else
     template <class T, class I, std::size_t L>
     inline auto zeros(const I (&shape)[L]) noexcept
     {
         return broadcast(T(0), shape);
     }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * Create a xcontainer (xarray, xtensor or xtensor_fixed) with uninitialized values of
@@ -117,20 +98,12 @@ namespace xt
         return xtensor<T, N, L>(xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
     }
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class I, std::size_t N>
     inline xtensor<T, N, L> empty(const I(&shape)[N])
     {
         using shape_type = typename xtensor<T, N>::shape_type;
         return xtensor<T, N, L>(xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
     }
-#else
-    template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class I>
-    inline xarray<T, L> empty(const std::initializer_list<I>& init)
-    {
-        return xarray<T, L>::from_shape(init);
-    }
-#endif
 
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, std::size_t... N>
     inline xtensor_fixed<T, fixed_shape<N...>, L> empty(const fixed_shape<N...>& /*shape*/)
@@ -900,7 +873,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t... I, class... E>
         inline auto meshgrid_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, E&&... e) noexcept
         {
-#if defined X_OLD_CLANG || defined _MSC_VER
+#if defined _MSC_VER
             const std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(E)> shape = {e.shape()[0]...};
             return std::make_tuple(
                 detail::make_xgenerator(
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index d1c223487..05d1493b1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -484,15 +484,6 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-        template <class Functor, class I>
-        inline auto make_xgenerator(Functor&& f, std::initializer_list<I> shape) noexcept
-        {
-            using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-            using type = xgenerator<Functor, typename Functor::value_type, shape_type>;
-            return type(std::forward<Functor>(f), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
-        }
-#else
         template <class Functor, class I, std::size_t L>
         inline auto make_xgenerator(Functor&& f, const I (&shape)[L]) noexcept
         {
@@ -500,7 +491,6 @@ namespace xt
             using type = xgenerator<Functor, typename Functor::value_type, shape_type>;
             return type(std::forward<Functor>(f), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
         }
-#endif
 
         template <class Functor, class S>
         inline auto make_xgenerator(Functor&& f, S&& shape) noexcept
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
index 49a18c87a..48330e819 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -753,26 +753,13 @@ namespace xt
         using view_type = xindex_view<xclosure_t<E>, std::decay_t<I>>;
         return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<I>(indices));
     }
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I>
-    inline auto index_view(E&& e, std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<I>> indices) noexcept
-    {
-        std::vector<xindex> idx;
-        for (auto it = indices.begin(); it != indices.end(); ++it)
-        {
-            idx.emplace_back(xindex(it->begin(), it->end()));
-        }
-        using view_type = xindex_view<xclosure_t<E>, std::vector<xindex>>;
-        return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(idx));
-    }
-#else
+
     template <class E, std::size_t L>
     inline auto index_view(E&& e, const xindex (&indices)[L]) noexcept
     {
         using view_type = xindex_view<xclosure_t<E>, std::array<xindex, L>>;
         return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), to_array(indices));
     }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @brief creates a view into \a e filtered by \a condition.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index ebe95f520..eab865878 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -238,20 +238,11 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class Tag = check_policy::none>
-    inline auto transpose(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> permutation, Tag check_policy = Tag())
-    {
-        dynamic_shape<I> perm(permutation);
-        return detail::transpose_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(perm), check_policy);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class Tag = check_policy::none>
     inline auto transpose(E&& e, const I(&permutation)[N], Tag check_policy = Tag())
     {
         return detail::transpose_impl(std::forward<E>(e), permutation, check_policy);
     }
-#endif
     /// @endcond
 
     /************************************
@@ -449,21 +440,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class Tag = check_policy::none>
-    inline auto squeeze(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axis, Tag check_policy = Tag())
-    {
-        dynamic_shape<I> ax(axis);
-        return detail::squeeze_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(ax), check_policy);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class Tag = check_policy::none>
     inline auto squeeze(E&& e, const I(&axis)[N], Tag check_policy = Tag())
     {
         using arr_t = std::array<I, N>;
         return detail::squeeze_impl(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<arr_t, decltype(axis)>(axis), check_policy);
     }
-#endif
 
     template <class E, class Tag = check_policy::none>
     inline auto squeeze(E&& e, std::size_t axis, Tag check_policy = Tag())
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 373295c61..c05fd18c0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -395,20 +395,8 @@ namespace detail {
         using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type/*, INIT*/>;                                            \
         return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
                           init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);         \
-    }
-
-#define XTENSOR_OLD_CLANG_REDUCER(NAME, FUNCTOR, RESULT_TYPE, INIT)                                               \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                            \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS())                                        \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type/*, INIT*/>;                                            \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);   \
-    }
-
-#define XTENSOR_MODERN_CLANG_REDUCER(NAME, FUNCTOR, RESULT_TYPE, INIT)                                            \
+    }                                                                                                             \
+                                                                                                                  \
     template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>             \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                   \
     {                                                                                                             \
@@ -781,13 +769,6 @@ namespace detail {
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amax, math::maximum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
                              std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::lowest())
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    XTENSOR_OLD_CLANG_REDUCER(amax, math::maximum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
-                              std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::lowest())
-#else
-    XTENSOR_MODERN_CLANG_REDUCER(amax, math::maximum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
-                                 std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::lowest())
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup basic_functions
@@ -802,13 +783,6 @@ namespace detail {
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amin, math::minimum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
                              std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::max())
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    XTENSOR_OLD_CLANG_REDUCER(amin, math::minimum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
-                              std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::max())
-#else
-    XTENSOR_MODERN_CLANG_REDUCER(amin, math::minimum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
-                                 std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::max())
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup basic_functions
@@ -1868,11 +1842,6 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(sum, std::plus, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 0)
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    XTENSOR_OLD_CLANG_REDUCER(sum, std::plus, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 0)
-#else
-    XTENSOR_MODERN_CLANG_REDUCER(sum, std::plus, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 0)
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
@@ -1889,11 +1858,6 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(prod, std::multiplies, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 1)
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    XTENSOR_OLD_CLANG_REDUCER(prod, std::multiplies, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 1)
-#else
-    XTENSOR_MODERN_CLANG_REDUCER(prod, std::multiplies, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 1)
-#endif
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -1919,17 +1883,6 @@ namespace detail {
             return mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
         }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-        template <class T, class E, class I, class D, class EVS>
-        inline auto mean(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, const D& ddof, EVS es)
-        {
-            using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
-            const size_type size = e.size();
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(static_cast<size_type>(ddof) <= size);
-            auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
-        }
-#else
         template <class T, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
@@ -1939,7 +1892,6 @@ namespace detail {
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
             return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
         }
-#endif
 
         template <class T, class E, class D, class EVS,
                   XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
@@ -1976,19 +1928,11 @@ namespace detail {
         return detail::mean_noaxis<T>(std::forward<E>(e), 0u, es);
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto mean(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return detail::mean<T>(std::move(s), e.size());
-    }
-#else
     template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto mean(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return detail::mean<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, 0u, es);
     }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
@@ -2036,7 +1980,6 @@ namespace detail {
         return sum(std::forward<E>(e) * std::move(weights_view), std::move(ax), ev) / std::move(scl);
     }
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     template <class E, class W, class X, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, const X(&axes)[N], EVS ev = EVS())
     {
@@ -2044,14 +1987,6 @@ namespace detail {
         using ax_t = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         return average(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<W>(weights), xt::forward_normalize<ax_t>(e, axes), ev);
     }
-#else
-    template <class E, class W, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS ev = EVS())
-    {
-        using ax_t = dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
-        return average(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<W>(weights), xt::forward_normalize<ax_t>(e, axes), ev);
-    }
-#endif
 
     template <class E, class W, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
@@ -2186,7 +2121,6 @@ namespace detail {
         return cast<result_type>(sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es)));
     }
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
@@ -2212,33 +2146,6 @@ namespace detail {
                          ddof,
                          es);
     }
-#else
-    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto stddev(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return stddev<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                         xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                         es);
-    }
-
-    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
-    inline auto variance(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                           es);
-    }
-
-    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto variance(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                           ddof,
-                           es);
-    }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
@@ -2436,19 +2343,8 @@ namespace detail {
         using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
         using init_functor_type = detail::nan_init<result_type, NAN>;                                             \
         return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_functor_type()), std::forward<E>(e), es);    \
-    }
-
-#define OLD_CLANG_NAN_REDUCER(NAME, FUNCTOR, RESULT_TYPE, NAN)                                                       \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                               \
-        inline auto NAME(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS())                                       \
-        {                                                                                                            \
-            using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                    \
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                               \
-            using init_functor_type = detail::nan_init<result_type, NAN>;                                            \
-            return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_functor_type()), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es); \
-        }
-
-#define MODERN_CLANG_NAN_REDUCER(NAME, FUNCTOR, RESULT_TYPE, NAN)                                                 \
+    }                                                                                                             \
+                                                                                                                  \
     template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>             \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                   \
     {                                                                                                             \
@@ -2470,11 +2366,6 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nansum, detail::nan_plus, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 0)
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    XTENSOR_OLD_CLANG_REDUCER(nansum, detail::nan_plus, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 0)
-#else
-    XTENSOR_MODERN_CLANG_REDUCER(nansum, detail::nan_plus, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 0)
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
@@ -2488,15 +2379,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nanprod, detail::nan_multiplies, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 1)
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    XTENSOR_OLD_CLANG_REDUCER(nanprod, detail::nan_multiplies, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 1)
-#else
-    XTENSOR_MODERN_CLANG_REDUCER(nanprod, detail::nan_multiplies, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 1)
-#endif
 
 #undef XTENSOR_NAN_REDUCER_FUNCTION
-#undef OLD_CLANG_NAN_REDUCER
-#undef MODERN_CLANG_NAN_REDUCER
 
 #define COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT                                                 \
     using result_type = std::size_t;                                            \
@@ -2537,15 +2421,7 @@ namespace detail {
         return count_nonzero(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT;
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
-                      std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-    }
-#else
+
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
@@ -2553,7 +2429,6 @@ namespace detail {
         return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
                       std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
     }
-#endif
 
 #undef COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT
 
@@ -2578,19 +2453,11 @@ namespace detail {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), {axes}, es);
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), axes, es);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), axes, es);
     }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
@@ -2710,15 +2577,6 @@ namespace detail {
         return nansum<sum_type>(sc, es) / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, es));
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto nanmean(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return nanmean<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                          xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                          es);
-    }
-#else
     template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanmean(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
@@ -2726,7 +2584,6 @@ namespace detail {
                           xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
                           es);
     }
-#endif
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
@@ -2806,7 +2663,6 @@ namespace detail {
         return cast<result_type>(sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es)));
     }
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
@@ -2822,23 +2678,6 @@ namespace detail {
                          xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
                          es);
     }
-#else
-    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto nanstd(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return nanstd<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                         xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                         es);
-    }
-
-    template <class T = void, class E, class A, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto nanvar(E&& e, std::initializer_list<A> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        return nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                         xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                         es);
-    }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
index 1e2c3b62f..b62cb8ac5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
@@ -348,17 +348,6 @@ namespace xt
      * norm functions for xexpressions *
      ***********************************/
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-#define XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION_AXES(NAME)                                              \
-    template <class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept   \
-    {                                                                                 \
-        using axes_type = std::vector<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type>;           \
-        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e),                                               \
-                xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es);          \
-    }
-
-#else
 #define XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION_AXES(NAME)                                              \
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS> \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I(&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS()) noexcept               \
@@ -367,7 +356,6 @@ namespace xt
         return NAME(std::forward<E>(e),                                               \
                 xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es);          \
     }
-#endif
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -503,21 +491,12 @@ namespace xt
         return sqrt(norm_sq(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto norm_l2(E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
-    {
-        using axes_type = std::vector<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type>;
-        return sqrt(norm_sq(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es));
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto norm_l2(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
     {
         using axes_type = std::array<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, N>;
         return sqrt(norm_sq(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es));
     }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
@@ -567,21 +546,12 @@ namespace xt
         return norm_lp_to_p(std::forward<E>(e), p, arange(e.dimension()), es);
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto norm_lp_to_p(E&& e, double p, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
-    {
-        using axes_type = std::vector<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type>;
-        return norm_lp_to_p(std::forward<E>(e), p, xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto norm_lp_to_p(E&& e, double p, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
     {
         using axes_type = std::array<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, N>;
         return norm_lp_to_p(std::forward<E>(e), p, xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es);
     }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
@@ -612,21 +582,12 @@ namespace xt
         return norm_lp(std::forward<E>(e), p, arange(e.dimension()), es);
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto norm_lp(E&& e, double p, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS es = EVS())
-    {
-        using axes_type = std::vector<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type>;
-        return norm_lp(std::forward<E>(e), p, xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto norm_lp(E&& e, double p, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
         using axes_type = std::array<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, N>;
         return norm_lp(std::forward<E>(e), p, xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es);
     }
-#endif
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 4f3818586..dc18ad566 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -101,75 +101,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto student_t(const S& shape, T n = 1.0,
                        E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto rand(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T lower = 0, T upper = 1,
-                  E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto randint(std::initializer_list<I> shape,
-                     T lower = 0, T upper = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)(),
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto randn(std::initializer_list<I> shape, 
-                   T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1,
-                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto binomial(std::initializer_list<I> shape, 
-                      T trials = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto geometric(std::initializer_list<I> shape, D prob = 0.5, 
-                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto negative_binomial(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T k = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                               E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()); 
-
-        template <class T, class I, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto poisson(std::initializer_list<I> shape, D rate = 1.0, 
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto exponential(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T rate = 1.0, 
-                         E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto gamma(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T alpha = 1.0, T beta = 1.0,
-                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto weibull(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T a = 1.0, T b = 1.0,
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto extreme_value(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
-                           E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto lognormal(std::initializer_list<I> shape, 
-                       T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1.0,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto chi_squared(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T deg = 1.0,
-                         E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());  
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto cauchy(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
-                    E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto fisher_f(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T m = 1.0, T n = 1.0,
-                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
-        template < class T, class I, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto student_t(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T n = 1.0,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-#else
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto rand(const I (&shape)[L], T lower = 0, T upper = 1,
                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
@@ -233,7 +165,6 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto student_t(const I (&shape)[L], T n = 1.0,
                        E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-#endif
 
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         void shuffle(xexpression<T>& e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
@@ -619,119 +550,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::student_t_distribution<T> dist(n);
             return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
         }
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto rand(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T lower, T upper, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::uniform_real_distribution<T> dist(lower, upper);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto randint(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T lower, T upper, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dist(lower, T(upper - 1));
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
 
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto randn(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T mean, T std_dev, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::normal_distribution<T> dist(mean, std_dev);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class D, class E>
-        inline auto binomial(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T trials, D prob, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::binomial_distribution<T> dist(trials, prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class D, class E>
-        inline auto geometric(std::initializer_list<I> shape, D prob, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::geometric_distribution<T> dist(prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-        
-        template <class T, class I, class D, class E>
-        inline auto negative_binomial(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T k, D prob, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::negative_binomial_distribution<T> dist(k, prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class D, class E>
-        inline auto poisson(std::initializer_list<I> shape, D rate, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::poisson_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto exponential(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T rate, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::exponential_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto gamma(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T alpha, T beta, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::gamma_distribution<T> dist(alpha, beta);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto weibull(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T a, T b, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::weibull_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto extreme_value(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T a, T b, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::extreme_value_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto lognormal(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T mean, T std_dev, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::lognormal_distribution<T> dist(mean, std_dev);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto chi_squared(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T deg, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::chi_squared_distribution<T> dist(deg);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto cauchy(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T a, T b, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::cauchy_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto fisher_f(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T m, T n, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::fisher_f_distribution<T> dist(m, n);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-        template <class T, class I, class E>
-        inline auto student_t(std::initializer_list<I> shape, T n, E& engine)
-        {
-            std::student_t_distribution<T> dist(n);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-#else
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto rand(const I (&shape)[L], T lower, T upper, E& engine)
         {
@@ -843,7 +662,6 @@ namespace xt
             std::student_t_distribution<T> dist(n);
             return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
         }
-#endif
 
         /**
          * Randomly shuffle elements inplace in xcontainer along first axis.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index 1e35cc981..ec16c9b43 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-#include <vector>
-#endif
 
 #include <xtl/xfunctional.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
@@ -883,24 +880,6 @@ namespace xt
         return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<EVS>(options));
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class F, class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
-    inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS options = EVS())
-    {
-        using axes_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);
-        return detail::reduce_impl(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<E>(e), std::move(ax),
-                                   typename reducer_options<int, EVS>::evaluation_strategy{},
-                                   options);
-    }
-    template <class F, class E, class I, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
-    inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, std::initializer_list<I> axes, EVS options = EVS())
-    {
-        return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e), axes, options);
-    }
-#else
     template <class F, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS options = EVS())
@@ -917,7 +896,6 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e), axes, options);
     }
-#endif
 
     /********************
      * xreducer_stepper *
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 1ed7fe990..f33b8e600 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -431,19 +431,11 @@ namespace xt
         return ev;
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>>
-    inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::initializer_list<I> kth_container, placeholders::xtuph tag)
-    {
-        return partition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::vector<std::size_t>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), tag);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>>
     inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I(&kth_container)[N], placeholders::xtuph tag)
     {
         return partition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), tag);
     }
-#endif
 
     template <class E, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>>
     inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::size_t kth, placeholders::xtuph tag)
@@ -507,19 +499,12 @@ namespace xt
         return res;
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I>
-    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::initializer_list<I> kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
-    {
-        return partition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::vector<std::size_t>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), axis);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class T, std::size_t N>
     inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const T(&kth_container)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         return partition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), axis);
     }
-#endif
+
     template <class E>
     inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::size_t kth, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
@@ -586,19 +571,11 @@ namespace xt
         return ev;
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I>
-    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::initializer_list<I> kth_container, placeholders::xtuph tag)
-    {
-        return argpartition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::vector<std::size_t>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), tag);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N>
     inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I(&kth_container)[N], placeholders::xtuph tag)
     {
         return argpartition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), tag);
     }
-#endif
 
     template <class E>
     inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::size_t kth, placeholders::xtuph tag)
@@ -708,19 +685,11 @@ namespace xt
         return res;
     }
 
-#ifdef X_OLD_CLANG
-    template <class E, class I>
-    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::initializer_list<I> kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
-    {
-        return argpartition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::vector<std::size_t>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), axis);
-    }
-#else
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N>
     inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I(&kth_container)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         return argpartition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), axis);
     }
-#endif
 
     template <class E>
     inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, std::size_t kth, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 8ea35b2bb..c6ae92f0c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -698,7 +698,6 @@ namespace xt
         return reshape_view<L>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(shape));
     }
 
-#if !defined(X_OLD_CLANG)
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class I, std::size_t N>
     inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const I(&shape)[N], layout_type order)
     {
@@ -712,21 +711,6 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         return reshape_view<L>(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
     }
-#else
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class I>
-    inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const std::initializer_list<I>& shape)
-    {
-        using shape_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
-        return reshape_view<L>(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
-    }
-
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class I>
-    inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const std::initializer_list<I>& shape, layout_type order)
-    {
-        using shape_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
-        return reshape_view<L>(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape), order);
-    }
-#endif
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 70c88c587..240374e49 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -14,14 +14,6 @@
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 10
 
-// DETECT 3.6 <= clang < 3.8 for compiler bug workaround.
-#ifdef __clang__
-    #if __clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ < 8
-        #define X_OLD_CLANG
-        #include <initializer_list>
-        #include <vector>
-    #endif
-#endif
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.
 #if (!defined(__cpp_exceptions) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(_CPPUNWIND))
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 9aa4b2dc8..b966dd166 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -385,15 +385,11 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, nice_syntax)
     {
         std::vector<int> a({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
+
         auto xa = adapt(&a[0], {2, 4});
         bool truthy = std::is_same<decltype(xa)::shape_type, std::array<std::size_t, 2>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
-#else
-        auto xa = adapt(&a[0], {2, 4});
-        bool truthy = std::is_same<decltype(xa)::shape_type, xt::dynamic_shape<size_t>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
-#endif
+
         xa(0, 0) = 100;
         xa(1, 3) = 1000;
         EXPECT_EQ(a[0], 100);
@@ -466,7 +462,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, smart_ptr)
     {
         auto data = std::vector<double>{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
@@ -501,5 +496,4 @@ namespace xt
             auto obj = adapt_smart_ptr(unique_buf.get()->buf.data(), {2, 4}, std::move(unique_buf));
         }
     }
-#endif
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 52f23ccdc..042e89793 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -651,14 +651,13 @@ namespace xt
     {
 
         bool b = false;
-    #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
+
         auto e1 = empty<double>({3, 4, 1});
         b = std::is_same<decltype(e1), xtensor<double, 3>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(b);
         b = std::is_same<decltype(empty<int, layout_type::column_major>({3,3,3})),
                          xtensor<int, 3, layout_type::column_major>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-    #endif
 
         auto es = empty<double>(std::array<std::size_t, 3>{3, 4, 1});
         b = std::is_same<decltype(es), xtensor<double, 3>>::value;
diff --git a/test/test_xeval.cpp b/test/test_xeval.cpp
index 44bf5054a..fef819897 100644
--- a/test/test_xeval.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xeval.cpp
@@ -54,10 +54,8 @@ namespace xt
         bool type_eq_3 = std::is_same<decltype(n), xtensor<int, 2>&&>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(type_eq_3);
 
-#ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
         auto&& i = eval(linspace(0, 100));
         bool type_eq_2 = std::is_same<decltype(i), xtensor<int, 1>&&>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(type_eq_2);
-#endif
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index ea82083d9..35c18fdb6 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -373,9 +373,7 @@ namespace xt
             return istrue;
         };
 
-    #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
         EXPECT_TRUE(is_arr(xa.shape()));
-    #endif
 
         xtensor<double, 3> a;
         a.resize({3, 3, 3});
@@ -394,10 +392,8 @@ namespace xt
         auto a_gd_2 = sum(a, {0, 2}, evaluation_strategy::immediate);
         EXPECT_EQ(a_lz, a_gd_2);
 
-    #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
         EXPECT_TRUE(is_arr(a_gd_1.shape()));
         EXPECT_TRUE(is_arr(a_gd_2.shape()));
-    #endif
 
         a_lz = sum(a, {1, 2});
         a_gd_2 = sum(a, {1, 2}, evaluation_strategy::immediate);
@@ -438,10 +434,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(b_gd_2, a_gd_2);
         EXPECT_EQ(a_gd_2.dimension(), std::size_t(1));
 
-    #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
         // EXPECT_TRUE(is_arr(a_gd_1.shape()));
         EXPECT_TRUE(is_arr(a_gd_2.shape()));
-    #endif
 
         a_lz = sum(a, {1, 2});
         a_gd_2 = sum(a, {1, 2}, evaluation_strategy::immediate);
@@ -551,17 +545,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> a = xt::reshape_view(xt::arange<double>(5 * 5 * 5 * 5), {5, 5, 5, 5});
 
-    #ifndef X_OLD_CLANG
         auto res = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);   
         EXPECT_EQ(res.shape(), (std::array<std::size_t, 4>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
         auto res2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims);   
         EXPECT_EQ(res2.shape(), (std::array<std::size_t, 4>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
-    #else
-        auto res = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);   
-        EXPECT_EQ(res.shape(), (xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
-        auto res2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims);   
-        EXPECT_EQ(res2.shape(), (xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
-    #endif
 
         xt::xarray<double> b = a;
         auto res3 = xt::sum(b, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);   
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index 395edee0b..53f9bab43 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -696,12 +696,10 @@ namespace xt
         truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(xv)::temporary_type, xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 3>, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>();
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
 
-#if !defined(X_OLD_CLANG)
         truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::temporary_type, xtensor<double, 2, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>();
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
         truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::shape_type, typename decltype(e)::shape_type>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
-#endif
 
         xarray<int> xa = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         std::vector<std::size_t> new_shape = {3, 2};

From 5ff4e0c4d0ede7875f4722c3eec2e6c4057b1547 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Dec 2020 14:04:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 163/606] add tests on reducers focus on optional arrays
 comment tests currently failing

---
 test/test_xreducer.cpp | 378 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 373 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 35c18fdb6..b80100691 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -28,20 +28,43 @@
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-
+#include "xtensor/xoptional.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(EXPRESSION, EXPECTED_TYPE)                             \
+{                                                                                \
+    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::value_type; \
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
+}
+
+#define CHECK_TAG_TYPE(EXPRESSION, EXPECTED_TYPE)                                    \
+{                                                                                    \
+    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::expression_tag; \
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));                  \
+}
+
+#define CHECK_TYPE(VALUE, EXPECTED_TYPE)                                         \
+{                                                                                \
+    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(VALUE)>;                  \
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
+}
+
     struct xreducer_features
     {
         using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
-        axes_type m_axes;
-        xarray<double> m_a;
         using shape_type = xarray<double>::shape_type;
+        using xarray_type = xarray<double>;
+        using func = xreducer_functors<std::plus<double>>; 
 
-        using func = xreducer_functors<std::plus<double>>;
-        xreducer<func, const xarray<double>&, axes_type, xt::reducer_options<double, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy_type>>> m_red;
+        axes_type m_axes;
+
+        xarray_type m_a;
+
+        xreducer<func, const xarray_type&, axes_type, xt::reducer_options<double, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy_type>>> m_red;
 
         xreducer_features();
     };
@@ -59,6 +82,112 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+   struct xreducer_opt_features
+    {
+        using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
+        using shape_type = typename xarray_optional<double>::shape_type;
+
+        using xarray_of_optional_type = xarray<xtl::xoptional<double>>;
+        using xarray_optional_type = xarray_optional<double>;
+        using optional_assembly_type = xoptional_assembly<xarray<double>, xarray<bool>>;
+
+        axes_type m_axes;
+
+        xarray_of_optional_type m_array_of_optional, m_simple_array_of_optional;
+
+        xarray_optional_type m_array_optional, m_simple_array_optional;
+    
+        optional_assembly_type m_optional_assembly, m_simple_optional_assembly;
+
+        xreducer_opt_features(): 
+            m_axes({1, 3}),
+            m_array_of_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5})),
+            m_array_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5})),
+            m_optional_assembly(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5}))
+        {
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+            {
+                for (std::size_t j = 0; j < 6; ++j)
+                {
+                    m_array_of_optional(1, i, 1, j, 1) = 2;
+                    m_array_optional(1, i, 1, j, 1) = 2;
+                    m_optional_assembly(1, i, 1, j, 1) = 2;
+                }
+            }
+            m_array_of_optional(0, 0, 0, 0, 0) = xtl::missing<double>();
+            m_array_optional(0, 0, 0, 0, 0) = xtl::missing<double>();
+            m_optional_assembly(0, 0, 0, 0, 0) = xtl::missing<double>();
+
+            m_simple_array_of_optional = xarray_of_optional_type({{1, 2, 0}, {4, 8, xtl::missing<double>()}});
+            m_simple_array_optional = xarray_optional_type({{1, 2, 0}, {4, 8, xtl::missing<double>()}});
+            m_simple_optional_assembly = optional_assembly_type({{1, 2, 0}, {4, 8, xtl::missing<double>()}});
+        }
+    };
+
+#define TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(INPUT, EXPECTED)   \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);   \
+    CHECK_TAG_TYPE(res, EXPECTED);
+
+    TEST(xreducer, expression_tag)
+    {
+        xreducer_features feats;
+        TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(feats.m_a, xtensor_expression_tag);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, expression_tag)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(feats.m_array_of_optional, xtensor_expression_tag);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, expression_tag)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(feats.m_array_optional, xoptional_expression_tag);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, expression_tag)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(feats.m_optional_assembly, xoptional_expression_tag);
+    }
+#undef TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG
+
+#define TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(INPUT, V_TYPE, OPTIONAL)                                  \
+    using result_type = std::conditional_t<OPTIONAL, xtl::xoptional<double>, double>;  \
+                                                                                       \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                                           \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res, result_type);                                               \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res)(1, 1, 1), V_TYPE);                                       \
+    EXPECT_EQ(!OPTIONAL, xt::has_value(res)(0, 0, 0));                                 \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res)(1, 1, 1));
+
+    TEST(xreducer, value_has_value)
+    {
+        xreducer_features feats;
+        TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_a, double, false);
+    }
+/*
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, value_has_value)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_of_optional, xtl::xoptional<double>, true);  // TODO: fail, the mask is not reflecting the missing values
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, value_has_value)
+    {
+       xreducer_opt_features feats;
+       TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_optional, double, true);  // TODO: fail, the value has type optional<T> instead of T
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, value_has_value)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_optional_assembly, double, true);  // TODO: fail, the value has type optional<T> instead of T
+    }
+*/
+#undef TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE
+
     TEST(xreducer, functor_type)
     {
         auto sum = [](auto const& left, auto const& right) { return left + right; };
@@ -148,6 +277,34 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
     }
 
+#define TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(INPUT)                               \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                     \
+    xreducer_opt_features::xarray_of_optional_type res1 = res;   \
+    xreducer_opt_features::xarray_optional_type res2 = res;      \
+    xreducer_opt_features::optional_assembly_type res3 = res;
+
+/* TODO: fix assignment
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, assign)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_array_of_optional)
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, assign)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_array_optional)
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, assign)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_optional_assembly) 
+    }
+*/
+#undef TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT
+
+
     TEST(xreducer, sum)
     {
         xreducer_features features;
@@ -157,6 +314,31 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
     }
 
+#define TEST_OPT_SUM(INPUT)                            \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);           \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res.dimension(), std::size_t(3));        \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res(0, 0, 0), xtl::missing<double>());   \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res(1, 1, 1), 24.);  
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, sum)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, sum)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_array_optional);       
+    } 
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, sum)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+    }
+#undef TEST_OPT_SUM
+
     TEST(xreducer, sum_tensor)
     {
         xtensor<double, 2> m = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
@@ -179,6 +361,37 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(res3, res4);
     }
 
+#define TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(INPUT)                                    \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                           \
+    xarray_optional<std::size_t> res1 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {1}); \
+    xarray_optional<std::size_t> res2 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, 1);   \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1, res2);                                             \
+                                                                       \
+    xarray_optional<double> res3 = xt::sum(INPUT, {1});                \
+    xarray_optional<double> res4 = xt::sum(INPUT, 1);                  \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res3, res4); 
+
+/* TODO: fix assignment
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, single_axis_sugar)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, single_axis_sugar)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_array_optional);       
+    } 
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, single_axis_sugar)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+    }
+*/
+#undef TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS
+
     TEST(xreducer, sum2)
     {
         xarray<double> u = ones<double>({2, 4});
@@ -220,6 +433,29 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(res(), expected);
     }
 
+#define TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(INPUT)               \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT);                \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res(), xtl::missing<double>());
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, single_axis_sugar)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, single_axis_sugar)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_optional);       
+    } 
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, single_axis_sugar)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+    }
+#undef TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL
+
     TEST(xreducer, prod)
     {
         // check that there is no overflow
@@ -227,6 +463,33 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(1ULL << 34, prod(c)());
     }
 
+#define TEST_OPT_PROD(INPUT)                         \
+    auto res1 = xt::prod(INPUT);                     \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
+                                                     \
+    auto res2 = xt::prod(INPUT, feats.m_axes);       \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 4096.);
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, prod)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, prod)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_array_optional);       
+    } 
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, prod)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+    }
+#undef TEST_OPT_PROD
+
     TEST(xreducer, mean)
     {
         xtensor<double, 2> input
@@ -250,6 +513,33 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(mean(rvalue_xarray(), {0})(), 1.5);
     }
 
+#define TEST_OPT_MEAN(INPUT)                         \
+    auto res1 = xt::mean(INPUT);                     \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
+                                                     \
+    auto res2 = xt::mean(INPUT, feats.m_axes);       \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 2.);
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, mean)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, mean)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_array_optional);       
+    } 
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, mean)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+    }
+#undef TEST_OPT_MEAN
+
     TEST(xreducer, average)
     {
         xt::xtensor<float, 2> a = {{ 3, 4, 2, 1}, { 1, 1, 3, 2}};
@@ -274,6 +564,83 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(avg_d1, expect1)));
     }
 
+#define TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(INPUT)                      \
+    xt::xarray<double> all_weights = {{3, 3, 3},     \
+                                      {1, 1, 1}};    \
+    auto res1 = xt::average(INPUT, all_weights);     \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
+                                                     \
+    xtensor_optional<double, 1> expect = {1., 2., xtl::missing<double>()}; \
+    xt::xarray<double> weights = {2, 0};             \
+    auto res2 = xt::average(INPUT, weights, {0});    \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res2, expect)));
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, average)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_array_of_optional);   
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, average)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_array_optional);       
+    } 
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, average)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_optional_assembly);        
+    }
+#undef TEST_OPT_AVERAGE
+
+
+    TEST(xreducer, count_nonzero)
+    {
+        xarray<double> m = {{1, 0}, {3, 4}};
+
+        xarray<std::size_t> res0 = xt::count_nonzero(m, {0});
+        xtensor<std::size_t, 1> expect0 = {2, 1};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res0, expect0)));
+
+        xarray<std::size_t> res1 = xt::count_nonzero(m, {1});
+        xtensor<std::size_t, 1> expect1 = {1, 2};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res1, expect1)));
+    }
+
+
+#define TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(INPUT)               \
+    auto res0 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {0});       \
+    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect0 =       \
+            {2, 2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};     \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res0, expect0)));          \
+                                                     \
+    auto res1 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {1});       \
+    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect1 =       \
+            {2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};        \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res1, expect1)));
+
+/*  TODO: fix policy, missing values should lead to a missing value result
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, count_nonzero)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_array_of_optional);   
+    }
+
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, count_nonzero)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_array_optional);       
+    } 
+
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, count_nonzero)
+    {
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_optional_assembly);        
+    }
+*/
+#undef TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS
+
     TEST(xreducer, minmax)
     {
         using A = std::array<double, 2>;
@@ -671,5 +1038,6 @@ namespace xt
         auto res = xt::sum(c)();
         EXPECT_EQ(res, a * 2.);
     }
+
 }
 

From 13600ce3335e6b3fc79aef079f857b24ae4feee5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Dec 2020 16:04:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 164/606] fix binary operators on complex bump xtl version

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml |  2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp           | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp          |  4 +---
 4 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index d91b94660..771cf605d 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.21 ^
+                        xtl==0.6.22 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index ac654ea91..7163f7e6a 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.21
+  - xtl=0.6.22
   - xsimd=7.4.8
   - nlohmann_json
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
index df18aa973..7e918b23d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
@@ -43,12 +43,21 @@ namespace xt
         }                                                                       \
     }
 
+#define DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(OP)                                                       \
+template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)    \
+{                                                                                         \
+    using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, std::complex<T2>>; \
+    return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
+}
+
 #define BINARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(NAME, OP)                                        \
     struct NAME                                                                  \
     {                                                                            \
         template <class T1, class T2>                                            \
         constexpr auto operator()(T1&& arg1, T2&& arg2) const                    \
         {                                                                        \
+            using xt::detail::operator OP;                                       \
             return (std::forward<T1>(arg1) OP std::forward<T2>(arg2));           \
         }                                                                        \
         template <class B>                                                       \
@@ -60,6 +69,24 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(+);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(-);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(*);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(/);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(%);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(||);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(&&);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(|);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(&);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(^);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(<<);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(>>);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(<);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(<=);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(>);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(>=);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(==);
+        DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(!=);
 
         UNARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(identity, +);
         UNARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(negate, -);
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index e5fe335da..d1a85a878 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -241,8 +241,6 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(adouble + aint, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(adouble + adcomplex, std::complex<double>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aulong + adouble, double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(afcomplex + adcomplex, std::complex<double>);
     }
-
-
 }
-

From 18c7c1f84eab53c510f617937e9eed99a22fafb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Dec 2020 08:28:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 165/606] fix reducer on optionals assignment refactor all
 reducers and accumulators update and add tests disambiguish init and result
 types impl do not auto cast result type with init type policy fix simd
 assignment add doc for clang-cl compiler workaround

---
 docs/source/compilers.rst        |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp |  27 ++--
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp      |   3 +-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp        | 114 ++++++++---------
 include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp    | 126 +++++++++++++++++--
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp     | 124 +++++++++++++++++-
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp  | 209 ++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp     |  56 ++++++---
 test/test_xreducer.cpp           | 144 +++++++++++++--------
 9 files changed, 583 insertions(+), 228 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/compilers.rst b/docs/source/compilers.rst
index 1d262d696..1bd009809 100644
--- a/docs/source/compilers.rst
+++ b/docs/source/compilers.rst
@@ -70,7 +70,13 @@ Workarounds for this compiler bug arise in various files of the code base.
 Everywhere, the handling of `Clang < 3.8` is wrapped with checks for the
 ``X_OLD_CLANG`` macro.
 
-The support of `Clang < 4.0` is dropped in xtensor 0.22.
+**The support of `Clang < 4.0` is dropped in xtensor 0.22.**
+
+Clang-cl and ``std::get``
+-------------------------
+
+`Clang-cl` does not allow to call ``std::get`` with ``*this`` as parameter from a class inheriting from std::tuple.
+In that case, we explicitly upcast to ``std::tuple``.
 
 GCC < 5.1 and ``std::is_trivially_default_constructible``
 ---------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
index 5f03bb0dd..09ab5f9a0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -25,11 +25,19 @@ namespace xt
 
 #define DEFAULT_STRATEGY_ACCUMULATORS evaluation_strategy::immediate_type
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class V = void>
+        struct accumulator_identity: xtl::identity
+        {
+            using value_type = V;
+        };
+    }
     /**************
      * accumulate *
      **************/
 
-    template <class ACCUMULATE_FUNC, class INIT_FUNC = xtl::identity>
+    template <class ACCUMULATE_FUNC, class INIT_FUNC = detail::accumulator_identity<void>>
     struct xaccumulator_functor
         : public std::tuple<ACCUMULATE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC>
     {
@@ -37,6 +45,7 @@ namespace xt
         using base_type = std::tuple<ACCUMULATE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC>;
         using accumulate_functor_type = ACCUMULATE_FUNC;
         using init_functor_type = INIT_FUNC;
+        using init_value_type = typename init_functor_type::value_type;
 
         xaccumulator_functor()
             : base_type()
@@ -188,9 +197,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class F, class E>
         inline auto accumulator_impl(F&& f, E&& e, std::size_t axis, evaluation_strategy::immediate_type)
         {
-            using accumulate_functor = std::decay_t<decltype(xt::get<0>(f))>;
-            using function_return_type = typename accumulate_functor::result_type;
-            using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, function_return_type>;
+            using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
+            using init_functor_type = typename F::init_functor_type;
+            using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+            using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
             if (axis >= e.dimension())
             {
@@ -232,7 +242,8 @@ namespace xt
                 inner_loop_size = inner_loop_size - inner_stride;
 
                 // activate the init loop if we have an init function other than identity
-                if (!std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(xt::get<1>(f))>, xtl::identity>::value)
+                if (!std::is_same<std::decay_t<typename F::init_functor_type>, 
+                                  typename detail::accumulator_identity<init_type>>::value)
                 {
                     accumulator_init_with_f(xt::get<1>(f), result, axis);
                 }
@@ -255,10 +266,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class F, class E>
         inline auto accumulator_impl(F&& f, E&& e, evaluation_strategy::immediate_type)
         {
-            using accumulate_functor = std::decay_t<decltype(xt::get<0>(f))>;
-            using T = typename accumulate_functor::result_type;
+            using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
+            using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+            using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
-            using result_type = xaccumulator_linear_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, T>;
             std::size_t sz = e.size();
             auto result = result_type::from_shape({sz});
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 546b277fc..d22686c42 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -342,7 +342,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         static constexpr bool simd_size_impl() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd()); }
         static constexpr bool simd_size() { return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>(); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() && 
+                                                        has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
 
     public:
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index c05fd18c0..b8beeba93 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -365,14 +365,14 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 }
 
-#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, RESULT_TYPE, INIT)                                                \
+#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                            \
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                            \
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>             \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                             \
     {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type/*, INIT*/>;                                            \
+        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                 \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                             \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;                                                      \
         return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
                           init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))),                                  \
                           std::forward<E>(e),                                                                     \
@@ -390,9 +390,9 @@ namespace detail {
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                              \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                       \
     {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type/*, INIT*/>;                                            \
+        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                 \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                             \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;                                                      \
         return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
                           init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);         \
     }                                                                                                             \
@@ -400,9 +400,9 @@ namespace detail {
     template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>             \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                   \
     {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type/*, INIT*/>;                                            \
+        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                 \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                             \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;                                                      \
         return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
                           init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);   \
     }
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amax, math::maximum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amax, math::maximum<void>, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
                              std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::lowest())
 
     /**
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amin, math::minimum, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amin, math::minimum<void>, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
                              std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::max())
 
     /**
@@ -1841,7 +1841,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(sum, std::plus, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 0)
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(sum, detail::plus, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 0)
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
@@ -1857,7 +1857,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(prod, std::multiplies, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 1)
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(prod, detail::multiplies, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 1)
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -2045,7 +2045,7 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es)));
+        return sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2117,8 +2117,7 @@ namespace detail {
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es)));
+        return sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
@@ -2165,16 +2164,17 @@ namespace detail {
         using std::max;
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
         using result_type = std::array<value_type, 2>;
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;
 
-        auto reduce_func = [](result_type r, value_type const& v) {
+        auto reduce_func = [](auto r, const auto& v) {
             r[0] = (min)(r[0], v);
             r[1] = (max)(r[1], v);
             return r;
         };
-        auto init_func = []() {
-            return result_type{std::numeric_limits<value_type>::max(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::lowest()};
-        };
-        auto merge_func = [](result_type r, result_type const& s) {
+
+        auto init_func = init_value_fct(result_type{std::numeric_limits<value_type>::max(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::lowest()});
+
+        auto merge_func = [](auto r, const auto& s) {
             r[0] = (min)(r[0], s[0]);
             r[1] = (max)(r[1], s[1]);
             return r;
@@ -2203,14 +2203,17 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(std::plus<result_type>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+                          std::forward<E>(e),
+                          axis);
     }
 
     template <class E>
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(std::plus<result_type>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+                          std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2227,14 +2230,17 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(std::multiplies<result_type>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+                          std::forward<E>(e), 
+                          axis);
     }
 
     template <class E>
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(std::multiplies<result_type>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+                          std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
     /*****************
@@ -2267,25 +2273,19 @@ namespace detail {
             }
         };
 
-        template <class T>
         struct nan_plus
         {
-            using value_type = T;
-            using result_type = value_type;
-
-            constexpr result_type operator()(const value_type lhs, const value_type rhs) const
+            template <class T, class U>
+            constexpr auto operator()(const T lhs, const U rhs) const
             {
                 return !math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs + rhs : lhs;
             }
         };
 
-        template <class T>
         struct nan_multiplies
         {
-            using value_type = T;
-            using result_type = value_type;
-
-            constexpr result_type operator()(const value_type lhs, const value_type rhs) const
+            template <class T, class U>
+            constexpr auto operator()(const T lhs, const U rhs) const
             {
                 return !math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs * rhs : lhs;
             }
@@ -2382,19 +2382,21 @@ namespace detail {
 
 #undef XTENSOR_NAN_REDUCER_FUNCTION
 
-#define COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT                                                 \
-    using result_type = std::size_t;                                            \
-    using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;                    \
-    auto init_fct = []() -> result_type                                         \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return 0;                                                               \
-    };                                                                          \
-    auto reduce_fct = [](const result_type& lhs, const value_type& rhs)         \
-         -> result_type                                                         \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return (rhs != value_type(0)) ? lhs + result_type(1) : lhs;             \
-    };                                                                          \
-    auto merge_func = std::plus<result_type>();                                 \
+#define COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT                                                             \
+    using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;                                \
+    using result_type = xt::detail::xreducer_size_type_t<value_type>;                       \
+    using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;                                    \
+                                                                                            \
+    auto init_fct = init_value_fct(0);                                                      \
+                                                                                            \
+    auto reduce_fct = [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs)                                  \
+    {                                                                                       \
+        using value_t = xt::detail::xreducer_temporary_type_t<std::decay_t<decltype(rhs)>>; \
+        using result_t = std::decay_t<decltype(lhs)>;                                       \
+                                                                                            \
+        return (rhs != value_t(0)) ? lhs + result_t(1) : lhs;                               \
+    };                                                                                      \
+    auto merge_func = detail::plus();                                                       \
 
     template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
@@ -2473,14 +2475,14 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto nancumsum(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus<result_type>(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
     }
 
     template <class E>
     inline auto nancumsum(E&& e)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus<result_type>(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2497,14 +2499,14 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto nancumprod(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies<result_type>(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
     }
 
     template <class E>
     inline auto nancumprod(E&& e)
     {
         using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies<result_type>(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -2597,8 +2599,7 @@ namespace detail {
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        using result_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es)));
+        return sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2659,8 +2660,7 @@ namespace detail {
               XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        using result_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-        return cast<result_type>(sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es)));
+        return sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
index 51956ce4d..acee08c52 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
@@ -215,6 +215,35 @@ namespace xt
                 return b1 & simd_apply_impl(b2, args...);
             }
         };
+
+        /*********************************
+         * optional const_value rebinder *
+         *********************************/
+
+        template <class T, class B>
+        struct const_value_rebinder<xtl::xoptional<T, B>, T>
+        {
+            static const_value<T> run(const const_value<xtl::xoptional<T, B>>& src)
+            {
+                return const_value<T>(src.m_value.value());
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**************************
+         * xreducer types helpers *
+         **************************/
+
+        template <class T, class B>
+        struct xreducer_size_type<xtl::xoptional<T, B>>
+        {
+            using type = xtl::xoptional<std::size_t, bool>;
+        };
+
+        template <class T, class B>
+        struct xreducer_temporary_type<xtl::xoptional<T, B>>
+        {
+            using type = xtl::xoptional<std::decay_t<T>, bool>;;
+        };
     }
 
     /**********************
@@ -636,10 +665,17 @@ namespace xt
         public:
 
             using expression_tag = xoptional_expression_tag;
-            using value_expression = xreducer<F, xt::detail::value_expression_t<CT>, X, O>;
+            using result_type = typename F::init_value_type;
+
+            using rebound_result_type = typename result_type::value_type;
+            using rebound_functors_type = typename F::template rebind_t<rebound_result_type>;
+            using rebound_reduce_options_values = typename O::template rebind_t<rebound_result_type>;
+            using rebound_reduce_options_flag = typename O::template rebind_t<bool>;
+
             using flag_reducer = xreducer_functors<xt::detail::optional_bitwise<bool>, xt::const_value<bool>>;
-            using rebound_flag_reduce_options = typename O::template rebind_t<bool>;
-            using flag_expression = xreducer<flag_reducer, xt::detail::flag_expression_t<CT>, X, rebound_flag_reduce_options>;
+            using flag_expression = xreducer<flag_reducer, xt::detail::flag_expression_t<CT>, X, rebound_reduce_options_flag>;
+            using value_expression = xreducer<rebound_functors_type, xt::detail::value_expression_t<CT>, X, rebound_reduce_options_values>;
+
             using const_value_expression = value_expression;
             using const_flag_expression = flag_expression;
 
@@ -1082,7 +1118,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
         inline auto xreducer_optional<F, CT, X, O>::value() const -> const_value_expression
         {
-            return this->derived_cast().build_reducer(this->derived_cast().expression().value());
+            auto func = this->derived_cast().functors();
+            auto opts = this->derived_cast().options().template rebind<rebound_result_type>(this->derived_cast().options().initial_value.value(), 
+                                                                                            this->derived_cast().options());
+
+            return this->derived_cast().build_reducer(this->derived_cast().expression().value(),
+                                                      func.template rebind<rebound_result_type>(),
+                                                      std::move(opts));
         }
 
         template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
@@ -1219,17 +1261,77 @@ namespace xt
         return detail::split_optional_expression<E>::has_value(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
-    template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xoptional_expression_tag>::assign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+    namespace detail
     {
-        E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
-        const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
+        template <class T1, class T2>
+        struct assign_data_impl
+        {
+            template <class E1, class E2>
+            static void run(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+            {
+                E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
+                const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
 
-        decltype(auto) bde1 = xt::value(de1);
-        decltype(auto) hde1 = xt::has_value(de1);
-        xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(bde1, xt::value(de2), trivial);
-        xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(hde1, xt::has_value(de2), trivial);
+                decltype(auto) bde1 = xt::value(de1);
+                decltype(auto) hde1 = xt::has_value(de1);
+                xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(bde1, xt::value(de2), trivial);
+                xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(hde1, xt::has_value(de2), trivial);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct xarray_assigner
+        {
+            template <class E1, class E2>
+            static void assign(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+            {
+                E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
+                const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
+                xarray<bool> mask = xt::full_like(de2, true);
+
+                decltype(auto) bde1 = xt::value(de1);
+                decltype(auto) hde1 = xt::has_value(de1);
+                xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(bde1, e2, trivial);
+                xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(hde1, mask, trivial);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct xarray_assigner<xtl::xoptional<T>>
+        {
+            template <class E1, class E2>
+            static void assign(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+            {
+                xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(e1, e2, trivial);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct assign_data_impl<xoptional_expression_tag, xtensor_expression_tag>
+        {
+            template <class E1, class E2>
+            static void run(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+            {
+                xarray_assigner<typename E2::value_type>::assign(e1, e2, trivial);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct assign_data_impl<xtensor_expression_tag, xoptional_expression_tag>
+        {
+            template <class E1, class E2>
+            static void run(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+            {
+                xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(e1, e2, trivial);
+            }
+        };
     }
+
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xoptional_expression_tag>::assign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+    {
+        detail::assign_data_impl<typename E1::expression_tag, typename E2::expression_tag>::run(e1, e2, trivial);
+    } 
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index ec16c9b43..dd5ddbf2b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -510,6 +510,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     struct const_value
     {
+        using value_type = T;
+
         constexpr const_value() = default;
 
         constexpr const_value(T t)
@@ -522,9 +524,33 @@ namespace xt
             return m_value;
         }
 
+        template <class NT>
+        using rebind_t = const_value<NT>;
+
+        template <class NT>
+        const_value<NT> rebind() const;
+
         T m_value;
     };
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class T, bool B>
+        struct evaluated_value_type
+        {
+            using type = T;
+        };
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct evaluated_value_type<T, true>
+        {
+            using type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::eval(std::declval<T>()))>;
+        };
+
+        template <class T, bool B>
+        using evaluated_value_type_t = typename evaluated_value_type<T, B>::type;
+    }
+
     template <class REDUCE_FUNC, class INIT_FUNC = const_value<long int>, class MERGE_FUNC = REDUCE_FUNC>
     struct xreducer_functors
         : public std::tuple<REDUCE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC, MERGE_FUNC>
@@ -534,6 +560,7 @@ namespace xt
         using reduce_functor_type = REDUCE_FUNC;
         using init_functor_type = INIT_FUNC;
         using merge_functor_type = MERGE_FUNC;
+        using init_value_type = typename init_functor_type::value_type;
 
         xreducer_functors()
             : base_type()
@@ -557,6 +584,30 @@ namespace xt
             : base_type(std::forward<RF>(reduce_func), std::forward<IF>(init_func), std::forward<MF>(merge_func))
         {
         }
+
+        reduce_functor_type get_reduce()
+        {
+            return std::get<0>(*this);
+        }
+
+        init_functor_type get_init()
+        {
+            return std::get<1>(*this);
+        }
+
+        merge_functor_type get_merge()
+        {
+            return std::get<2>(*this);
+        }
+
+        template<class NT>
+        using rebind_t = xreducer_functors<REDUCE_FUNC, const_value<NT>, MERGE_FUNC>;
+
+        template<class NT>
+        rebind_t<NT> rebind()
+        {
+            return make_xreducer_functor(get_reduce(), get_init().template rebind<NT>(), get_merge());
+        }
     };
 
     template <class RF>
@@ -634,8 +685,12 @@ namespace xt
         using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
         using merge_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::merge_functor_type;
         using substepper_type = typename xexpression_type::const_stepper;
-        using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
-            std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), *std::declval<substepper_type>()))>;
+        using raw_value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
+                                                            std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), 
+                                                            *std::declval<substepper_type>())
+                                                    )>;
+        using value_type = typename detail::evaluated_value_type_t<raw_value_type, is_xexpression<raw_value_type>::value>;
+
         using reference = value_type;
         using const_reference = value_type;
         using size_type = typename xexpression_type::size_type;
@@ -680,9 +735,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         using self_type = xreducer<F, CT, X, O>;
         using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>;
+
         using reduce_functor_type = typename inner_types::reduce_functor_type;
         using init_functor_type = typename inner_types::init_functor_type;
         using merge_functor_type = typename inner_types::merge_functor_type;
+        using xreducer_functors_type = xreducer_functors<reduce_functor_type, init_functor_type, merge_functor_type>;
+
         using xexpression_type = typename inner_types::xexpression_type;
         using axes_type = X;
 
@@ -749,6 +807,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E, class Func, class Opts>
         rebind_t<E, Func, Opts> build_reducer(E&& e, Func&& func, Opts&& opts) const;
 
+        xreducer_functors_type functors() const
+        {
+            return xreducer_functors_type(m_reduce, m_init, m_merge);  // TODO: understand why make_xreducer_functor is throwing an error
+        }
+
         const O& options() const
         {
             return m_options;
@@ -780,11 +843,13 @@ namespace xt
 
             using reduce_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::reduce_functor_type;
             using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
+            using init_value_type = typename init_functor_type::value_type;
             using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
                 std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
                 *std::declval<typename std::decay_t<E>::const_stepper>()))>;
-
-            using reducer_type = xreducer<F, const_xclosure_t<E>, xtl::const_closure_type_t<decltype(normalized_axes)>, reducer_options<value_type, std::decay_t<O>>>;
+            using evaluated_value_type = evaluated_value_type_t<value_type, is_xexpression<value_type>::value>;
+            
+            using reducer_type = xreducer<F, const_xclosure_t<E>, xtl::const_closure_type_t<decltype(normalized_axes)>, reducer_options<evaluated_value_type, std::decay_t<O>>>;
             return reducer_type(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<decltype(normalized_axes)>(normalized_axes), std::forward<O>(options));
         }
 
@@ -983,8 +1048,59 @@ namespace xt
                                             fixed_shape<R...>,
                                             fixed_shape<detail::at<0, I...>::value, R...>>;
         };
+
+        /***************************
+         * helper for return types *
+         ***************************/
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct xreducer_size_type
+        {
+            using type = std::size_t;
+        };
+
+        template <class T>
+        using xreducer_size_type_t = typename xreducer_size_type<T>::type;
+
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct xreducer_temporary_type
+        {
+            using type = T;
+        };
+
+        template <class T>
+        using xreducer_temporary_type_t = typename xreducer_temporary_type<T>::type;
+
+        /********************************
+         * Default const_value rebinder *
+         ********************************/
+
+        template <class T, class U>
+        struct const_value_rebinder
+        {
+            static const_value<U> run(const const_value<T>& t)
+            {
+                return const_value<U>(t.m_value);
+            }
+        };        
     }
 
+    /*******************************************
+     * Init functor const_value implementation *
+     *******************************************/
+
+    template <class T>
+    template <class NT>
+    const_value<NT> const_value<T>::rebind() const
+    {
+        return detail::const_value_rebinder<T, NT>::run(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*****************************
+     * fixed_xreducer_shape_type *
+     *****************************/
+
     template <class S1, class S2>
     struct fixed_xreducer_shape_type;
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index d1a85a878..50bd6233e 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #endif
 
+#include "xtl/xtype_traits.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using std::size_t;
@@ -53,49 +55,71 @@ namespace xt
         using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::value_type; \
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
     }
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+using promote_t = xtl::promote_type_t<T1, T2>;
+
+template <class T, class E>
+void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
+{
+    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(e)>::value_type;
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, promote_t<T, result_type>>::value));
+}
+
 #define ARRAY_TYPE(VALUE_TYPE)  \
     std::array<VALUE_TYPE, 2>
 
-#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)                                     \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<unsigned char>(INPUT), int);                          \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<signed char>(INPUT), int);                            \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<char>(INPUT), int);                                   \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<unsigned short>(INPUT), int);                         \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<signed short>(INPUT), int);                           \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<short>(INPUT), int);                                  \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<unsigned int>(INPUT), unsigned int);                  \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT), signed int);                      \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<int>(INPUT), int);                                    \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT), unsigned long long);      \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT), signed long long);          \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<long long>(INPUT), long long);                        \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<float>(INPUT), float);                                \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC<double>(INPUT), double);
-
-    TEST(xmath, result_type)
-    {
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)                                   \
+        check_promoted_types<unsigned char>(FUNC<unsigned char>(INPUT));           \
+        check_promoted_types<signed char>(FUNC<signed char>(INPUT));               \
+        check_promoted_types<char>(FUNC<char>(INPUT));                             \
+        check_promoted_types<unsigned short>(FUNC<unsigned short>(INPUT));         \
+        check_promoted_types<signed short>(FUNC<signed short>(INPUT));             \
+        check_promoted_types<short>(FUNC<short>(INPUT));                           \
+        check_promoted_types<unsigned int>(FUNC<unsigned int>(INPUT));             \
+        check_promoted_types<signed int>(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT));                 \
+        check_promoted_types<int>(FUNC<int>(INPUT));                               \
+        check_promoted_types<unsigned long long>(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT)); \
+        check_promoted_types<long long>(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT));            \
+        check_promoted_types<long long>(FUNC<long long>(INPUT));                   \
+        check_promoted_types<float>(FUNC<float>(INPUT));                           \
+        check_promoted_types<double>(FUNC<double>(INPUT));
+
+#define CHECK_STDDEV_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)                            \
+        {                                                                          \
+        using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(INPUT)>::value_type;    \
+        using promo_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_integral<result_type>::value,\
+                                              double,                              \
+                                              float>;                              \
+                                                                                   \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned char>(INPUT));              \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed char>(INPUT));                \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<char>(INPUT));                       \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned short>(INPUT));             \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed short>(INPUT));               \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<short>(INPUT));                      \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned int>(INPUT));               \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT));                 \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<int>(INPUT));                        \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT));         \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT));           \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<long long>(INPUT));                  \
+        check_promoted_types<float>(FUNC<float>(INPUT));                           \
+        check_promoted_types<double>(FUNC<double>(INPUT));                         \
+        }
+
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT)        \
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(sum, INPUT)           \
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, INPUT)          \
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(prod, INPUT)          \
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(variance, INPUT)      \
+        CHECK_STDDEV_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(stddev, INPUT)
+
+    TEST(xmath, uchar_result_type)
+    {        
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<unsigned char> auchar(shape);
-        xarray<short> ashort(shape);
-        xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
-        xarray<int> aint(shape);
-        xarray<unsigned int> auint(shape);
-        xarray<long long> along(shape);
-        xarray<unsigned long long> aulong(shape);
-        xarray<float> afloat(shape);
-        xarray<double> adouble(shape);
-        xarray<std::complex<float>> afcomplex(shape);
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> adcomplex(shape);
 
-#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT)                                   \
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, INPUT)                                     \
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(variance, INPUT)
-// FIXME: the first 6 checks in "#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)" fail
-//        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(stddev, INPUT)
-
-        /*****************
-         * unsigned char *
-         *****************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(auchar + auchar, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * auchar, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * auchar, double);
@@ -105,10 +129,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(auchar), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(auchar), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned char));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auchar);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, short_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<short> ashort(shape);
 
-        /*********
-         * short *
-         *********/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(ashort + ashort, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * ashort, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * ashort, double);
@@ -118,10 +145,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(ashort), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(ashort), ARRAY_TYPE(short));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, ushort_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
 
-        /******************
-         * unsigned short *
-         ******************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aushort + aushort, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2u * aushort, unsigned int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * aushort, double);
@@ -130,11 +160,14 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aushort), unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aushort), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aushort), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned short));
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, int_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<int> aint(shape);
 
-        /*******
-         * int *
-         *******/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aint + aint, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * aint, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * aint, double);
@@ -144,10 +177,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aint), ARRAY_TYPE(int));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint);
+    }
 
-        /****************
-         * unsigned int *
-         ****************/
+    TEST(xmath, uint_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<unsigned int> auint(shape);
+  
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(auint + auint, unsigned int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2u * auint, unsigned int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * auint, double);
@@ -157,10 +193,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(auint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(auint), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned int));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, long_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<long long> along(shape);
 
-        /**********************
-         * long long *
-         **********************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(along + along, signed long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * along, signed long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * along, double);
@@ -170,10 +209,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(along), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(along), ARRAY_TYPE(signed long long));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along);
+    }
 
-        /**********************
-         * unsigned long long *
-         **********************/
+    TEST(xmath, ulong_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<unsigned long long> aulong(shape);
+    
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aulong + aulong, unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2ul * aulong, unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * aulong, double);
@@ -183,10 +225,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aulong), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aulong), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned long long));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, float_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<float> afloat(shape);
 
-        /*********
-         * float *
-         *********/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(afloat + afloat, float);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0f * afloat, float);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * afloat, double);
@@ -196,10 +241,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(afloat), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(afloat), ARRAY_TYPE(float));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, double_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<double> adouble(shape);
 
-        /**********
-         * double *
-         **********/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(adouble + adouble, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * adouble, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(adouble), double);
@@ -208,10 +256,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(adouble), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(adouble), ARRAY_TYPE(double));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, float_complex_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<std::complex<float>> afcomplex(shape);
 
-        /***********************
-         * std::complex<float> *
-         ***********************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(afcomplex + afcomplex, std::complex<float>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(std::complex<float>(2.0) * afcomplex, std::complex<float>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0f * afcomplex, std::complex<float>);
@@ -219,10 +270,13 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(afcomplex), float);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(afcomplex), std::complex<double>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(afcomplex), std::complex<double>);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, double_complex_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> adcomplex(shape);
 
-        /************************
-         * std::complex<double> *
-         ************************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(adcomplex + adcomplex, std::complex<double>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(std::complex<double>(2.0) * adcomplex, std::complex<double>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * adcomplex, std::complex<double>);
@@ -230,10 +284,23 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(adcomplex), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(adcomplex), std::complex<double>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(adcomplex), std::complex<double>);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, mixed_result_type)
+    {        
+        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+        xarray<unsigned char> auchar(shape);
+        xarray<short> ashort(shape);
+        xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
+        xarray<int> aint(shape);
+        xarray<unsigned int> auint(shape);
+        xarray<long long> along(shape);
+        xarray<unsigned long long> aulong(shape);
+        xarray<float> afloat(shape);
+        xarray<double> adouble(shape);
+        xarray<std::complex<float>> afcomplex(shape);
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> adcomplex(shape);
 
-        /***************
-         * mixed types *
-         ***************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(auchar + aint, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(ashort + aint, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aulong + aint, unsigned long long);
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index b9c532d86..758acc0d6 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
+#include "xtl/xtype_traits.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace std::complex_literals;
@@ -219,64 +221,80 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<float> afloat(shape);
         xarray<double> adouble(shape);
 
-#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)                               \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE);                      \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);                          \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);                           \
+#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)             \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE);    \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);        \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);         \
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);
 
-#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)                     \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)          \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)         \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)          \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd<RESULT_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, TEMPLATE_TYPE, RESULT_TYPE, STD_TYPE)  \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)              \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)             \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)              \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), STD_TYPE)
 
         /*********
          * short *
          *********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, short);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, short, int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int, int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, double, double, double);
 
         /******************
          * unsigned short *
          ******************/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, unsigned short);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, unsigned short, int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, int, int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, double, double, double);
 
         /*********
          * int *
          *********/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, unsigned short, int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int, int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, double, double, double);
 
         /****************
          * unsigned int *
          ****************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, double, double, double);
 
         /**********************
          * long long *
          **********************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, int, signed long long, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, long, signed long long, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long, signed long long, double);
 
         /**********************
          * unsigned long long *
          **********************/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned int, unsigned long long, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long, unsigned long long, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long, unsigned long long, double);
 
         /*********
          * float *
          *********/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, int, float, float);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float, float, float);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, double, double, double);
 
         /**********
          * double *
          **********/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, float, double, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double, double, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, long double, long double, long double);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index b80100691..21788befe 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -153,13 +153,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 #undef TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG
 
-#define TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(INPUT, V_TYPE, OPTIONAL)                                  \
-    using result_type = std::conditional_t<OPTIONAL, xtl::xoptional<double>, double>;  \
-                                                                                       \
-    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                                           \
-    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res, result_type);                                               \
-    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res)(1, 1, 1), V_TYPE);                                       \
-    EXPECT_EQ(!OPTIONAL, xt::has_value(res)(0, 0, 0));                                 \
+#define TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(INPUT, V_TYPE, OPTIONAL)                                      \
+    using result_type = std::conditional_t<OPTIONAL, xtl::xoptional<double>, double>;      \
+                                                                                           \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                                               \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res, result_type);                                                   \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res)(1, 1, 1), V_TYPE);                                           \
+    EXPECT_EQ(!OPTIONAL, xt::has_value(res)(0, 0, 0));                                     \
     EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res)(1, 1, 1));
 
     TEST(xreducer, value_has_value)
@@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_of_optional, xtl::xoptional<double>, true);  // TODO: fail, the mask is not reflecting the missing values
     }
-
+*/
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, value_has_value)
     {
        xreducer_opt_features feats;
-       TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_optional, double, true);  // TODO: fail, the value has type optional<T> instead of T
+       TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_optional, double, true);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, value_has_value)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_optional_assembly, double, true);  // TODO: fail, the value has type optional<T> instead of T
+        TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_optional_assembly, double, true);
     }
-*/
+
 #undef TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE
 
     TEST(xreducer, functor_type)
@@ -275,15 +275,53 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> expected = 12 * ones<double>({3, 4, 5});
         expected(1, 1, 1) = 24;
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
+
+        xarray_optional<double> opt_expected = 12 * ones<double>({3, 4, 5});
+        opt_expected(1, 1, 1) = 24;
+
+        xreducer_opt_features::xarray_of_optional_type opt_res1 = res;
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(opt_res1, xtl::xoptional<double>);
+        CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(opt_res1)(1, 1, 1), xtl::xoptional<double>);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::has_value(opt_res1), xt::full_like(res, true));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opt_expected, opt_res1);
+        
+        xreducer_opt_features::xarray_optional_type opt_res2 = res;
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(opt_res2, xtl::xoptional<double>);
+        CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(opt_res2)(1, 1, 1), double);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::has_value(opt_res2), xt::full_like(res, true));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opt_expected, opt_res2);
+
+        xreducer_opt_features::optional_assembly_type opt_res3 = res;
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(opt_res3, xtl::xoptional<double>);
+        CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(opt_res3)(1, 1, 1), double);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::has_value(opt_res3), xt::full_like(res, true));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opt_expected, opt_res3);
     }
 
 #define TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(INPUT)                               \
     auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                     \
+                                                                 \
     xreducer_opt_features::xarray_of_optional_type res1 = res;   \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res1, xtl::xoptional<double>);             \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res1)(1, 1, 1), xtl::xoptional<double>);\
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(1, 1, 1), 24.);                               \
+    /* EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res1)(0, 0, 0)); */            \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res1)(1, 1, 1));                   \
+                                                                 \
     xreducer_opt_features::xarray_optional_type res2 = res;      \
-    xreducer_opt_features::optional_assembly_type res3 = res;
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res2, xtl::xoptional<double>);             \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res2)(1, 1, 1), double);                \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 24.);                               \
+    EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res2)(0, 0, 0));                  \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res2)(1, 1, 1));                   \
+                                                                 \
+    xreducer_opt_features::optional_assembly_type res3 = res;    \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res3, xtl::xoptional<double>);             \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res3)(1, 1, 1), double);                \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res3(1, 1, 1), 24.);                               \
+    EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res3)(0, 0, 0));                  \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res3)(1, 1, 1));
 
-/* TODO: fix assignment
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, assign)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
@@ -293,18 +331,16 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, assign)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_array_optional)
+        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_array_optional) 
     }
-
+    
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, assign)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_optional_assembly) 
     }
-*/
 #undef TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT
 
-
     TEST(xreducer, sum)
     {
         xreducer_features features;
@@ -371,7 +407,6 @@ namespace xt
     xarray_optional<double> res4 = xt::sum(INPUT, 1);                  \
     EXPECT_EQ(res3, res4); 
 
-/* TODO: fix assignment
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, single_axis_sugar)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
@@ -389,7 +424,6 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
     }
-*/
 #undef TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS
 
     TEST(xreducer, sum2)
@@ -437,19 +471,19 @@ namespace xt
     auto res = xt::sum(INPUT);                \
     EXPECT_EQ(res(), xtl::missing<double>());
 
-    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, single_axis_sugar)
+    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, sum_all)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
     }
 
-    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, single_axis_sugar)
+    TEST(xreducer_array_optional, sum_all)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_optional);       
     } 
 
-    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, single_axis_sugar)
+    TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, sum_all)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
@@ -463,12 +497,12 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(1ULL << 34, prod(c)());
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_PROD(INPUT)                         \
-    auto res1 = xt::prod(INPUT);                     \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
-                                                     \
-    auto res2 = xt::prod(INPUT, feats.m_axes);       \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
+#define TEST_OPT_PROD(INPUT)                     \
+    auto res1 = xt::prod(INPUT);                 \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());   \
+                                                 \
+    auto res2 = xt::prod(INPUT, feats.m_axes);   \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());   \
     EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 4096.);
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, prod)
@@ -513,12 +547,12 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(mean(rvalue_xarray(), {0})(), 1.5);
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_MEAN(INPUT)                         \
-    auto res1 = xt::mean(INPUT);                     \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
-                                                     \
-    auto res2 = xt::mean(INPUT, feats.m_axes);       \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
+#define TEST_OPT_MEAN(INPUT)                      \
+    auto res1 = xt::mean(INPUT);                  \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());    \
+                                                  \
+    auto res2 = xt::mean(INPUT, feats.m_axes);    \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());    \
     EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 2.);
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, mean)
@@ -564,15 +598,15 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(avg_d1, expect1)));
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(INPUT)                      \
-    xt::xarray<double> all_weights = {{3, 3, 3},     \
-                                      {1, 1, 1}};    \
-    auto res1 = xt::average(INPUT, all_weights);     \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());       \
-                                                     \
+#define TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(INPUT)                                            \
+    xt::xarray<double> all_weights = {{3, 3, 3},                           \
+                                      {1, 1, 1}};                          \
+    auto res1 = xt::average(INPUT, all_weights);                           \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());                             \
+                                                                           \
     xtensor_optional<double, 1> expect = {1., 2., xtl::missing<double>()}; \
-    xt::xarray<double> weights = {2, 0};             \
-    auto res2 = xt::average(INPUT, weights, {0});    \
+    xt::xarray<double> weights = {2, 0};                                   \
+    auto res2 = xt::average(INPUT, weights, {0});                          \
     EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res2, expect)));
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, average)
@@ -594,7 +628,6 @@ namespace xt
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_AVERAGE
 
-
     TEST(xreducer, count_nonzero)
     {
         xarray<double> m = {{1, 0}, {3, 4}};
@@ -608,16 +641,15 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res1, expect1)));
     }
 
-
-#define TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(INPUT)               \
-    auto res0 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {0});       \
-    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect0 =       \
-            {2, 2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};     \
-    EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res0, expect0)));          \
-                                                     \
-    auto res1 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {1});       \
-    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect1 =       \
-            {2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};        \
+#define TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(INPUT)             \
+    auto res0 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {0});     \
+    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect0 =     \
+            {2, 2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};   \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res0, expect0)));        \
+                                                   \
+    auto res1 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {1});     \
+    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect1 =     \
+            {2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};      \
     EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res1, expect1)));
 
 /*  TODO: fix policy, missing values should lead to a missing value result
@@ -1035,9 +1067,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor_fixed<float, xt::xshape<3>> a = {1, 2, 3}, b = {1, 2, 3};
         xt::xtensor<xt::xtensor_fixed<float, xt::xshape<3>>, 1> c = {a, b};
+
         auto res = xt::sum(c)();
         EXPECT_EQ(res, a * 2.);
-    }
 
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<float, xt::xshape<3>> res1 = res;
+        EXPECT_EQ(res1, a * 2.);
+    }
 }
-

From 9e709925ac62f1ac8e0b3a02a31cb943a6b08c09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 2020 17:23:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 166/606] Workaround for clang-cl

---
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp | 20 ++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index dd5ddbf2b..5e4489991 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -585,19 +585,19 @@ namespace xt
         {
         }
 
-        reduce_functor_type get_reduce()
+        reduce_functor_type get_reduce() const
         {
-            return std::get<0>(*this);
+            return std::get<0>(upcast());
         }
 
-        init_functor_type get_init()
+        init_functor_type get_init() const
         {
-            return std::get<1>(*this);
+            return std::get<1>(upcast());
         }
 
-        merge_functor_type get_merge()
+        merge_functor_type get_merge() const
         {
-            return std::get<2>(*this);
+            return std::get<2>(upcast());
         }
 
         template<class NT>
@@ -608,6 +608,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             return make_xreducer_functor(get_reduce(), get_init().template rebind<NT>(), get_merge());
         }
+
+    private:
+        
+        // Workaround for clang-cl
+        const base_type& upcast() const
+        {
+            return static_cast<const base_type&>(*this);
+        }
     };
 
     template <class RF>

From 15355f51b1d504cd8acfba133c40a658f2efc4fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2020 17:08:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 167/606] Removed not implemented assign method from
 xchunked_array

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp |  3 ---
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 40c80a07f..f62595cf6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -142,9 +142,6 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         xchunked_array& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
-        template <class E>
-        void assign(const xexpression<E>& e);
-
         const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
         layout_type layout() const noexcept;
         bool is_contiguous() const noexcept;
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 9b5211e04..344f8573a 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -112,4 +113,16 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 3);
         }
     }
+
+    TEST(xchunked_array, noalias)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2, 2};
+        auto a = chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
+        xt::xarray<double> b = arange(1000).reshape({10, 10, 10});
+
+        noalias(a) = b;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
 }

From 96d3096bf1119246c8d8223b9398d7dfcb7896d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2020 16:31:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 168/606] Support initialized list for chunked_array shapes

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 15 +++++++++++++++
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       |  4 +---
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index f62595cf6..d86e788d8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -234,6 +234,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
+    template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+
     /**
      * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
      * This function returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
@@ -331,6 +334,18 @@ namespace xt
         return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
+    template <class T, layout_type L, class EXT, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    {
+        using sh_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
+        sh_type sh = xtl::make_sequence<sh_type>(shape.size());
+        std::copy(shape.begin(), shape.end(), sh.begin());
+        sh_type ch_sh = xtl::make_sequence<sh_type>(chunk_shape.size());
+        std::copy(chunk_shape.begin(), chunk_shape.end(), ch_sh.begin());
+        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T, L>>;
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(chunk_storage(), std::move(sh), std::move(ch_sh), chunk_memory_layout);
+    }
+
     template <layout_type L, class EXT, class E, class S>
     inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
     chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 344f8573a..76c4ef4ae 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, indexed_access)
     {
-        std::vector<size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
-        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
-        auto a = chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
+        auto a = chunked_array<double>({10, 10, 10}, {2, 3, 4});
 
         std::vector<size_t> idx = {3, 9, 8};
         double val;

From 4d5d52a2ba2625e72b0b98424fdae19bc7bc7ad0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 2021 14:04:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 169/606] Changes according to review

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 9 +++------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index d86e788d8..7ca897111 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -338,12 +338,9 @@ namespace xt
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         using sh_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        sh_type sh = xtl::make_sequence<sh_type>(shape.size());
-        std::copy(shape.begin(), shape.end(), sh.begin());
-        sh_type ch_sh = xtl::make_sequence<sh_type>(chunk_shape.size());
-        std::copy(chunk_shape.begin(), chunk_shape.end(), ch_sh.begin());
-        using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T, L>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(chunk_storage(), std::move(sh), std::move(ch_sh), chunk_memory_layout);
+        auto sh = xtl::forward_sequence<sh_type, std::initializer_list<S>>(shape);
+        auto ch_sh = xtl::forward_sequence<sh_type, std::initializer_list<S>>(chunk_shape);
+        return chunked_array<T, L, EXT, sh_type>(std::move(sh), std::move(ch_sh), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class EXT, class E, class S>

From 2ffe43c68345218088ee9d8a84865b70ccf20c10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 2021 18:38:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 170/606] Fix histogram compatibility with containers beyond
 xtensor

---
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp | 8 ++------
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp       | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index ce436a29c..fa23b6914 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -176,10 +176,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        auto bin_edges = histogram_bin_edges(data, xt::ones<value_type>({ n }), bins);
-
         return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                     std::forward<E1>(bin_edges),
+                                     histogram_bin_edges(data, xt::ones<value_type>({ n }), bins),
                                      xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
                                      density,
                                      true);
@@ -198,10 +196,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, std::size_t bins, E2&& weights, bool density = false)
     {
-        auto bin_edges = histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, bins);
-
         return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                     std::forward<E1>(bin_edges),
+                                     histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, bins),
                                      std::forward<E2>(weights),
                                      density,
                                      true);
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index 79c7aeb26..1b8005507 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,15 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 2.);
             EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
         }
+
+        {
+            xt::xarray<double> arr = {1., 1., 2., 2.};
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(arr, std::size_t(2));
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2) );
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 2.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
+        }
     }
 
     TEST(xhistogram, bincount)

From 9e81e3c577cbe92a832d218ec60627b8be392eb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Jan 2021 17:03:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 171/606] Disable optional reducer assignment test with TBB

---
 test/test_xreducer.cpp | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 21788befe..e43273dc3 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -279,6 +279,9 @@ namespace xt
         xarray_optional<double> opt_expected = 12 * ones<double>({3, 4, 5});
         opt_expected(1, 1, 1) = 24;
 
+// TODO: fix the reducer assignment issue in multithreaded env and enable
+// these tests again.
+#if !defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB) && !defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         xreducer_opt_features::xarray_of_optional_type opt_res1 = res;
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(opt_res1, xtl::xoptional<double>);
         CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(opt_res1)(1, 1, 1), xtl::xoptional<double>);
@@ -296,6 +299,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(opt_res3)(1, 1, 1), double);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::has_value(opt_res3), xt::full_like(res, true));
         EXPECT_EQ(opt_expected, opt_res3);
+#endif
     }
 
 #define TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(INPUT)                               \

From 9ed0ad97d96e1f773400ffa36e8674b13d78ca21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Dec 2020 11:02:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 172/606] add as_strided free function add helpers for readable
 sfinae use aliases to make sfinae work with all compilers add docstrings add
 tests

---
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp | 116 ++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xeval.cpp       | 244 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 360 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 3f0e9c881..10827191e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -47,6 +47,122 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return std::forward<T>(t);
     }
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        /************************************
+         * layout_remove_any implementation *
+         ************************************/
+
+        constexpr layout_type layout_remove_any(const layout_type layout)
+        {
+            return layout == layout_type::any ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT : layout;
+        }
+
+        /**********************************
+         * has_same_layout implementation *
+         **********************************/
+
+        template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
+        constexpr bool has_same_layout()
+        {
+            return (std::decay_t<E>::static_layout == L) || (L == layout_type::any);
+        }
+
+        template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
+        constexpr bool has_same_layout(E&&)
+        {
+            return has_same_layout<L, E>();
+        }
+
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        constexpr bool has_same_layout(E1&&, E2&&)
+        {
+            return has_same_layout<std::decay_t<E1>::static_layout, E2>();
+        }
+
+        /*********************************
+         * has_fixed_dims implementation *
+         *********************************/
+
+        template <class E>
+        constexpr bool has_fixed_dims()
+        {
+            return detail::is_array<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>::value;
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        constexpr bool has_fixed_dims(E&&)
+        {
+            return has_fixed_dims<E>();
+        }
+
+        /****************************************
+         * as_xarray_container_t implementation *
+         ****************************************/
+
+        template <class E, layout_type L>
+        using as_xarray_container_t = xarray<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, detail::layout_remove_any(L)>;
+
+        /*****************************************
+         * as_xtensor_container_t implementation *
+         *****************************************/
+
+        template <class E, layout_type L>
+        using as_xtensor_container_t = xtensor<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
+                                               std::tuple_size<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>::value,
+                                               detail::layout_remove_any(L)>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Force evaluation of xexpression not providing a data interface
+     * and convert to the required layout.
+     * 
+     * @warning This function should be used in a local context only.
+     * Returning the value returned by this function could lead to a dangling reference.
+     * 
+     * @return The expression when it already provides a data interface with the correct layout,
+     * an evaluated xarray or xtensor depending on shape type otherwise.
+     *
+     * \code{.cpp}
+     * xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a = {1,2,3,4};
+     * auto&& b = xt::as_strided(a); // b is a reference to a, no copy!
+     * auto&& c = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(a); // b is xarray<double> with the required layout
+     * auto&& a_cast = xt::cast<int>(a); // a_cast is an xexpression
+     * auto&& d = xt::as_strided(a_cast); // d is xarray<int>, not an xexpression
+     * auto&& e = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(a_cast); // d is xarray<int> with the required layout
+     * \endcode
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
+    inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value
+                            && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>(),
+                            E&&>
+    {
+        return std::forward<E>(e);
+    }
+
+    /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
+    template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
+    inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<(!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value
+                               && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
+                            && detail::has_fixed_dims<E>(),
+                            detail::as_xtensor_container_t<E, L>>
+    {
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
+    template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
+    inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<(!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value
+                               && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
+                            && (!detail::has_fixed_dims<E>()),
+                            detail::as_xarray_container_t<E, L>>
+    {
+        return e;
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xeval.cpp b/test/test_xeval.cpp
index fef819897..559791415 100644
--- a/test/test_xeval.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xeval.cpp
@@ -58,4 +58,248 @@ namespace xt
         bool type_eq_2 = std::is_same<decltype(i), xtensor<int, 1>&&>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(type_eq_2);
     }
+
+
+#define EXPECT_LAYOUT(EXPRESSION, LAYOUT)                         \
+  EXPECT_TRUE((decltype(EXPRESSION)::static_layout == LAYOUT)) 
+
+#define HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(EXPRESSION)                            \
+  has_data_interface<std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>>::value
+
+#define EXPECT_XARRAY(EXPRESSION)                                    \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!detail::is_array<                                     \
+                        typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)   \
+                                >::shape_type>::value) 
+
+#define EXPECT_XTENSOR(EXPRESSION)                                   \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(detail::is_array<                                      \
+                        typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)   \
+                                >::shape_type>::value == true) 
+
+
+    TEST(utils, has_same_layout)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major> ten1 {1., 2., 3.2};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::row_major>(ten1));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::column_major>(ten1));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::any>(ten1));
+
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::column_major> ten2 {1., 2., 3.2};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::column_major>(ten2));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::row_major>(ten2));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::any>(ten2));
+        
+        EXPECT_FALSE((detail::has_same_layout(ten1, ten2)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_same_layout(ten1, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2}))));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_same_layout(ten2, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::column_major>({1., 2., 3.2}))));
+    }
+
+    TEST(utils, has_fixed_dims)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> ten {1., 2., 3.2};
+        EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_fixed_dims<xt::xtensor<double, 1>>()));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_fixed_dims(ten));
+
+        xt::xarray<double> arr {1., 2., 3.2};
+        EXPECT_FALSE((detail::has_fixed_dims<xt::xarray<double>>()));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(detail::has_fixed_dims(arr));
+    }
+
+    TEST(utils, as_xarray_container_t)
+    {
+        using array_type = xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>;
+
+        detail::as_xarray_container_t<array_type, layout_type::column_major> arr;
+        EXPECT_XARRAY(arr);
+        EXPECT_LAYOUT(arr, layout_type::column_major);
+    }
+
+    TEST(utils, as_xtensor_container_t)
+    {
+        using tensor_type = xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>;
+
+        detail::as_xtensor_container_t<tensor_type, layout_type::column_major> ten;
+        EXPECT_XTENSOR(ten);
+        EXPECT_LAYOUT(ten, layout_type::column_major);
+    }
+
+    namespace testing
+    { // avoid collision with fixture class
+
+        class as_strided: public ::testing::Test
+        {
+            protected:
+
+                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major> ten {1., 2., 3.2};
+                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> arr {1., 2., 3.2};
+        };
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, array_reference)
+        {
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(arr, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(arr));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(arr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(arr(2), 3.2);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, tensor_reference)
+        {
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(ten, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(ten));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(ten);
+            EXPECT_EQ(ten(2), 3.2);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, array_layout_unchanged)
+        {
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(arr);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
+                                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3.2);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, tensor_layout_unchanged)
+        {
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(ten);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
+                                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3.2);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, array_layout_change)
+        {
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(arr);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
+                                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3.2);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, tensor_layout_changed)
+        {
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(ten);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
+                                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3.2);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, array_no_data_interface_layout_unchanged)
+        {
+            auto array_cast = xt::cast<int>(arr);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(array_cast));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(array_cast);
+
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(array_cast);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
+                                xt::cast<int>(arr)
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, tensor_no_data_interface_layout_unchanged)
+        {
+            auto tensor_cast = xt::cast<int>(ten);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(tensor_cast));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(tensor_cast);
+
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(tensor_cast);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
+                                xt::cast<int>(ten)
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, array_no_data_interface_layout_changed)
+        {
+            auto array_cast = xt::cast<int>(arr);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(array_cast));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(array_cast);
+
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(array_cast);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
+                                xt::cast<int>(arr)
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3);
+        }
+
+        TEST_F(as_strided, tensor_no_data_interface_layout_changed)
+        {
+            auto tensor_cast = xt::cast<int>(ten);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(tensor_cast));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(tensor_cast);
+
+            auto res_lvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(tensor_cast);
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_lvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_lvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_lvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
+
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
+                                xt::cast<int>(ten)
+                                );
+            EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
+            EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3);
+        }
+    }
 }

From 8ef5acabbc1ea2079a4378f704b22f8134e1db55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 6 Dec 2020 17:31:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 173/606] Add weighted choice without replacement

---
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xrandom.cpp       | 30 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 118 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index dc18ad566..9882698df 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -14,12 +14,17 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_RANDOM_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_RANDOM_HPP
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
 #include <random>
 #include <utility>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <xtl/xspan.hpp>
 
 #include "xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xgenerator.hpp"
+#include "xindex_view.hpp"
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xview.hpp"
@@ -180,6 +185,12 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n, bool replace = true,
                                                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+
+        template <class T, class W, class E = random::default_engine_type>
+        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n,
+                                                  const xexpression<W>& weights,
+                                                  bool replace = true,
+                                                  E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -792,6 +803,83 @@ namespace xt
             }
             return result;
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Randomly select n unique elements from xexpression e using the weights distribution w.
+         *
+         * Note: this function makes a copy of your data, and only 1D data is accepted.
+         *
+         * @param e expression to sample from
+         * @param n number of elements to sample
+         * @param e expression for the weight distribution.
+         *          Weights must be positive and real-valued but need not sum to 1.
+         * @param replace whether to sample with or without replacement
+         * @param engine random number engine
+         *
+         * @return xtensor containing 1D container of sampled elements
+         */
+        template <class T, class W, class E>
+        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1>
+        choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n, const xexpression<W>& weights, bool replace, E& engine)
+        {
+            const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
+            const auto& dweights = weights.derived_cast();
+            if (de.dimension() != 1)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Sample and weight expression must be 1 dimensional");
+            }
+            if (de.size() < n && !replace)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "If replace is false, then the sample expression's size must be > n");
+            }
+            if (de.size() != dweights.size() || de.dimension() != dweights.dimension())
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Sample and weight expression must have the same size");
+            }
+            static_assert(std::is_floating_point<typename W::value_type>::value,
+                          "Weight expression must be of floating point type");
+            using result_type = xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1>;
+            using size_type = typename result_type::size_type;
+            using weight_type = typename W::value_type;
+            result_type result;
+            result.resize({n});
+
+            if (replace)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Not implemented");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Algorithm from
+                // Efraimidis PS, Spirakis PG (2006). "Weighted random sampling with a reservoir."
+                // Information Processing  Letters, 97 (5), 181-185. ISSN 0020-0190.
+                // doi:10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003.
+                // https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002001900500298X
+                //
+                // The keys computed are replaced with weight/randexp(1) instead rand()^(1/weight) as done in wrlmlR:
+                // https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162211/https://krlmlr.github.io/wrswoR/
+                // https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162520/https://github.com/krlmlr/wrswoR/blob/master/src/sample_int_crank.cpp
+                // As well as in JuliaStats:
+                // https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162949/https://github.com/JuliaStats/StatsBase.jl/blob/master/src/sampling.jl
+
+                // Compute (modified) keys as weight/randexp(1).
+                xtensor<weight_type, 1> keys;
+                keys.resize({dweights.size()});
+                std::exponential_distribution<weight_type> randexp{1.};
+                std::transform(dweights.storage().begin(), dweights.storage().end(), keys.begin(),
+                               [&randexp, &engine](auto w){ return w / randexp(engine); });
+
+                // Find indexes for the n biggest key
+                xtensor<size_type, 1> indices = arange<size_type>(0, dweights.size());
+                std::partial_sort(indices.storage().begin(), indices.storage().begin() + n, indices.storage().end(),
+                                  [&keys](auto i, auto j) { return keys[i] > keys[j]; });
+
+                // Return samples with the n biggest keys
+                result = index_view(de, xtl::span<size_type>{indices.data(), n});
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index c879dd0ec..b5dd14ad5 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
+#include <type_traits>
+
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@
 #endif
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xset_operation.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -167,6 +170,33 @@ namespace xt
         XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(multidim_input, 5, true), std::runtime_error);
     }
 
+    TEST(xrandom, weighted_choice)
+    {
+        xarray<int> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
+        xarray<double> w = {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0};
+        xt::random::seed(42);
+        auto ac1 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
+        auto ac2 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
+        xt::random::seed(42);
+        auto ac3 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
+
+        static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(a)::value_type, decltype(ac1)::value_type>::value, "Elements must be same type");
+        ASSERT_EQ(ac1, ac3);
+        ASSERT_NE(ac1, ac2);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(ac1, a)));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(ac1 % 2, 1)));
+
+        xarray<double> b = {-1, 1};
+        xarray<double> v = {1, 1};
+        xt::random::seed(42);
+        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, v, false), std::runtime_error);
+        XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, v, true));
+        xarray<double> multidim_input = { {1,2,3}, {3,4,5} };
+        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(multidim_input, 5, v, true), std::runtime_error);
+        xarray<double> bad_count_weights = {1, 1, 4};
+        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, bad_count_weights, true), std::runtime_error);
+    }
+
     TEST(xrandom, shuffle)
     {
         xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};

From 5eeb50ef10a7b6e3fc5ddbdb5241cbfedbcd50fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 6 Dec 2020 19:00:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 174/606] Add weighted choice with replacement

---
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 test/test_xrandom.cpp       | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 9882698df..a00c87291 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xview.hpp"
+#include "xmath.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -846,7 +847,19 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (replace)
             {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Not implemented");
+                // Sample u uniformly in the range [0, sum(weights)[
+                // The index idx of the sampled element in e is the largest idx such that weight_cumul[idx] < u (given by std::upper_bound - 1).
+                const xtensor<weight_type, 1> weight_cumul = cumsum(dweights);  // 0 included as first elem
+                const auto weight_cumul_begin = weight_cumul.storage().begin();
+                std::uniform_real_distribution<weight_type> weight_dist{0, weight_cumul[weight_cumul.size() - 1]};
+                for(auto& x : result)
+                {
+                    const auto u = weight_dist(engine);
+                    const auto idx_iter = std::upper_bound(weight_cumul_begin, weight_cumul.storage().end(), u) - 1;
+                    const auto idx = static_cast<size_type>(idx_iter - weight_cumul_begin);
+                    x = de.storage()[idx];
+                }
+
             }
             else
             {
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index b5dd14ad5..fa082db57 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -186,6 +186,16 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(ac1, a)));
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(ac1 % 2, 1)));
 
+        xt::random::seed(42);
+        auto acr1 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
+        auto acr2 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
+        xt::random::seed(42);
+        auto acr3 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
+        ASSERT_EQ(acr1, acr3);
+        ASSERT_NE(acr1, acr2);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(acr1, a)));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(acr1 % 2, 1)));
+
         xarray<double> b = {-1, 1};
         xarray<double> v = {1, 1};
         xt::random::seed(42);

From b5b737121a75e5de4ce5229a5eef09e301c5296a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Dec 2020 11:10:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 175/606] Improve weighted random sampling implementation

 - Add positivej weights assertion for xt::random::choice
 - Change std::all_of for xt::all
 - Explicit construct randexp param
 - Fix test and weighted sampling with replacement error
 - Improve documentation of weighted random sampling
---
 docs/source/api/xrandom.rst |  4 +++-
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp | 40 +++++++++++++++++++------------------
 test/test_xrandom.cpp       | 37 ++++++++++++++--------------------
 3 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
index fd3bfc48e..146c22fc5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
@@ -80,7 +80,9 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xrandom.hpp``
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. _random-choice-function-reference:
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice(const xexpression<T>&, std::size_t, bool, E&)
+   :project: xtensor
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice(const xexpression<T>&, std::size_t, const xexpression<W>&, bool, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. _random-shuffle-function-reference:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index a00c87291..1a9bb3c2e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -806,15 +806,27 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         /**
-         * Randomly select n unique elements from xexpression e using the weights distribution w.
+         * Weighted random sampling.
+         *
+         * Randomly sample n unique elements from xexpression ``e`` using the discrete distribution parametrized by
+         * the weights ``w``.
+         * When sampling with replacement, this means that the probability to sample element ``e[i]`` is defined as
+         * ``w[i] / sum(w)``.
+         * Without replacement, this only describes the probability of the first sample element.
+         * In successive samples, the weight of items already sampled is assumed to be zero.
+         *
+         * For weighted random sampling with replacement, binary search with cumulative weights alogrithm is used.
+         * For weighted random sampling without replacement, the algorithm used is the exponential sort from
+         * [Efraimidis and Spirakis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003) (2006) with the ``weight / randexp(1)``
+         * [trick](https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162211/https://krlmlr.github.io/wrswoR/) from Kirill Müller.
          *
          * Note: this function makes a copy of your data, and only 1D data is accepted.
          *
          * @param e expression to sample from
          * @param n number of elements to sample
-         * @param e expression for the weight distribution.
+         * @param w expression for the weight distribution.
          *          Weights must be positive and real-valued but need not sum to 1.
-         * @param replace whether to sample with or without replacement
+         * @param replace set true to sample with replacement
          * @param engine random number engine
          *
          * @return xtensor containing 1D container of sampled elements
@@ -837,6 +849,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Sample and weight expression must have the same size");
             }
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::all(dweights >= 0));
             static_assert(std::is_floating_point<typename W::value_type>::value,
                           "Weight expression must be of floating point type");
             using result_type = xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1>;
@@ -848,14 +861,15 @@ namespace xt
             if (replace)
             {
                 // Sample u uniformly in the range [0, sum(weights)[
-                // The index idx of the sampled element in e is the largest idx such that weight_cumul[idx] < u (given by std::upper_bound - 1).
-                const xtensor<weight_type, 1> weight_cumul = cumsum(dweights);  // 0 included as first elem
+                // The index idx of the sampled element is such that weight_cumul[idx - 1] <= u < weight_cumul[idx].
+                // Where weight_cumul[-1] is implicitly 0, as the empty sum.
+                const auto weight_cumul = eval(cumsum(dweights));
                 const auto weight_cumul_begin = weight_cumul.storage().begin();
                 std::uniform_real_distribution<weight_type> weight_dist{0, weight_cumul[weight_cumul.size() - 1]};
                 for(auto& x : result)
                 {
                     const auto u = weight_dist(engine);
-                    const auto idx_iter = std::upper_bound(weight_cumul_begin, weight_cumul.storage().end(), u) - 1;
+                    const auto idx_iter = std::upper_bound(weight_cumul_begin, weight_cumul.storage().end(), u);
                     const auto idx = static_cast<size_type>(idx_iter - weight_cumul_begin);
                     x = de.storage()[idx];
                 }
@@ -863,22 +877,10 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else
             {
-                // Algorithm from
-                // Efraimidis PS, Spirakis PG (2006). "Weighted random sampling with a reservoir."
-                // Information Processing  Letters, 97 (5), 181-185. ISSN 0020-0190.
-                // doi:10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003.
-                // https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002001900500298X
-                //
-                // The keys computed are replaced with weight/randexp(1) instead rand()^(1/weight) as done in wrlmlR:
-                // https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162211/https://krlmlr.github.io/wrswoR/
-                // https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162520/https://github.com/krlmlr/wrswoR/blob/master/src/sample_int_crank.cpp
-                // As well as in JuliaStats:
-                // https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162949/https://github.com/JuliaStats/StatsBase.jl/blob/master/src/sampling.jl
-
                 // Compute (modified) keys as weight/randexp(1).
                 xtensor<weight_type, 1> keys;
                 keys.resize({dweights.size()});
-                std::exponential_distribution<weight_type> randexp{1.};
+                std::exponential_distribution<weight_type> randexp{weight_type(1)};
                 std::transform(dweights.storage().begin(), dweights.storage().end(), keys.begin(),
                                [&randexp, &engine](auto w){ return w / randexp(engine); });
 
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index fa082db57..95e272cab 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -173,28 +173,21 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xrandom, weighted_choice)
     {
         xarray<int> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
-        xarray<double> w = {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0};
-        xt::random::seed(42);
-        auto ac1 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
-        auto ac2 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
-        xt::random::seed(42);
-        auto ac3 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
-
-        static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(a)::value_type, decltype(ac1)::value_type>::value, "Elements must be same type");
-        ASSERT_EQ(ac1, ac3);
-        ASSERT_NE(ac1, ac2);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(ac1, a)));
-        ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(ac1 % 2, 1)));
-
-        xt::random::seed(42);
-        auto acr1 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
-        auto acr2 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
-        xt::random::seed(42);
-        auto acr3 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, false);
-        ASSERT_EQ(acr1, acr3);
-        ASSERT_NE(acr1, acr2);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(acr1, a)));
-        ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(acr1 % 2, 1)));
+        xarray<double> w = {1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0};
+
+        for(bool replace : {true, false}) {
+            xt::random::seed(42);
+            auto ac1 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, replace);
+            auto ac2 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, replace);
+            xt::random::seed(42);
+            auto ac3 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, replace);
+            static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(a)::value_type, decltype(ac1)::value_type>::value,
+                          "Elements must be same type");
+            ASSERT_EQ(ac1, ac3);
+            ASSERT_NE(ac1, ac2);
+            ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(ac1, a)));
+            ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(ac1 % 2, 1)));
+        }
 
         xarray<double> b = {-1, 1};
         xarray<double> v = {1, 1};

From d4bedf51ab2bce1ee933d7306acfcef4936dfed4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Dec 2020 12:06:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 176/606] Replace XTENSOR_THROW with XTENSOR_ASSERT in
 xt::random::choice

---
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp | 26 ++++++--------------------
 test/test_xrandom.cpp       | 17 -----------------
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 1a9bb3c2e..446df2717 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -767,14 +767,8 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n, bool replace, E& engine)
         {
             const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
-            if (de.dimension() != 1)
-            {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Sample expression must be 1 dimensional");
-            }
-            if (de.size() < n && !replace)
-            {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "If replace is false, then the sample expression's size must be > n");
-            }
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT((de.dimension() == 1));
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT((replace || n <= de.size()));
             using result_type = xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1>;
             using size_type = typename result_type::size_type;
             result_type result;
@@ -837,18 +831,10 @@ namespace xt
         {
             const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
             const auto& dweights = weights.derived_cast();
-            if (de.dimension() != 1)
-            {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Sample and weight expression must be 1 dimensional");
-            }
-            if (de.size() < n && !replace)
-            {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "If replace is false, then the sample expression's size must be > n");
-            }
-            if (de.size() != dweights.size() || de.dimension() != dweights.dimension())
-            {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Sample and weight expression must have the same size");
-            }
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT((de.dimension() == 1));
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT((replace || n <= de.size()));
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT((de.size() == dweights.size()));
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT((de.dimension() == dweights.dimension()));
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::all(dweights >= 0));
             static_assert(std::is_floating_point<typename W::value_type>::value,
                           "Weight expression must be of floating point type");
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index 95e272cab..4c2b5a16d 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -161,13 +161,6 @@ namespace xt
         auto acr3 = xt::random::choice(a, 5, true);
         ASSERT_EQ(acr1, acr3);
         ASSERT_NE(acr1, acr2);
-
-        xarray<double> b = {-1, 1};
-        xt::random::seed(42);
-        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, false), std::runtime_error);
-        XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, true));
-        xarray<double> multidim_input = { {1,2,3}, {3,4,5} };
-        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(multidim_input, 5, true), std::runtime_error);
     }
 
     TEST(xrandom, weighted_choice)
@@ -188,16 +181,6 @@ namespace xt
             ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(ac1, a)));
             ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(ac1 % 2, 1)));
         }
-
-        xarray<double> b = {-1, 1};
-        xarray<double> v = {1, 1};
-        xt::random::seed(42);
-        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, v, false), std::runtime_error);
-        XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, v, true));
-        xarray<double> multidim_input = { {1,2,3}, {3,4,5} };
-        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(multidim_input, 5, v, true), std::runtime_error);
-        xarray<double> bad_count_weights = {1, 1, 4};
-        XT_ASSERT_THROW(xt::random::choice(b, 5, bad_count_weights, true), std::runtime_error);
     }
 
     TEST(xrandom, shuffle)

From f997d2601d349a111efe59c9d644d87fa68c6f93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Dec 2020 18:01:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 177/606] Simplify iterators usage in weighted choice

---
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp | 14 ++++++--------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 446df2717..6135ea2c1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -849,15 +849,13 @@ namespace xt
                 // Sample u uniformly in the range [0, sum(weights)[
                 // The index idx of the sampled element is such that weight_cumul[idx - 1] <= u < weight_cumul[idx].
                 // Where weight_cumul[-1] is implicitly 0, as the empty sum.
-                const auto weight_cumul = eval(cumsum(dweights));
-                const auto weight_cumul_begin = weight_cumul.storage().begin();
-                std::uniform_real_distribution<weight_type> weight_dist{0, weight_cumul[weight_cumul.size() - 1]};
+                const auto wc = eval(cumsum(dweights));
+                std::uniform_real_distribution<weight_type> weight_dist{0, wc[wc.size() - 1]};
                 for(auto& x : result)
                 {
                     const auto u = weight_dist(engine);
-                    const auto idx_iter = std::upper_bound(weight_cumul_begin, weight_cumul.storage().end(), u);
-                    const auto idx = static_cast<size_type>(idx_iter - weight_cumul_begin);
-                    x = de.storage()[idx];
+                    const auto idx = static_cast<size_type>(std::upper_bound(wc.cbegin(), wc.cend(), u) - wc.cbegin());
+                    x = de[idx];
                 }
 
             }
@@ -867,12 +865,12 @@ namespace xt
                 xtensor<weight_type, 1> keys;
                 keys.resize({dweights.size()});
                 std::exponential_distribution<weight_type> randexp{weight_type(1)};
-                std::transform(dweights.storage().begin(), dweights.storage().end(), keys.begin(),
+                std::transform(dweights.cbegin(), dweights.cend(), keys.begin(),
                                [&randexp, &engine](auto w){ return w / randexp(engine); });
 
                 // Find indexes for the n biggest key
                 xtensor<size_type, 1> indices = arange<size_type>(0, dweights.size());
-                std::partial_sort(indices.storage().begin(), indices.storage().begin() + n, indices.storage().end(),
+                std::partial_sort(indices.begin(), indices.begin() + n, indices.end(),
                                   [&keys](auto i, auto j) { return keys[i] > keys[j]; });
 
                 // Return samples with the n biggest keys

From 1860109c532024ec0b81c537f6623f37829b4f6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 2021 18:00:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 178/606] Fixed broadcasting with keep_slice that holds a
 single element

---
 include/xtensor/xslice.hpp |  8 +++++++-
 test/test_xview.cpp        | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
index 20d32cfc9..2e3aef65b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
@@ -1381,7 +1381,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline auto xkeep_slice<T>::operator()(size_type i) const noexcept -> size_type
     {
-        return m_indices[static_cast<std::size_t>(i)];
+        return m_indices.size() == size_type(1) ?
+               m_indices.front() :
+               m_indices[static_cast<std::size_t>(i)];
     }
 
     template <class T>
@@ -1393,6 +1395,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline auto xkeep_slice<T>::step_size(std::size_t i, std::size_t n) const noexcept -> size_type
     {
+        if (m_indices.size() == 1)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
         if (i + n >= m_indices.size())
         {
             return m_indices.back() - m_indices[i] + 1;
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index f0deda474..150c29ae5 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -970,13 +970,16 @@ namespace xt
             ++riter_expv1;
         }
 
-        auto rciter_expv1 = exp.template rbegin<layout_type::column_major>();
+        // TODO: this test cannot pass for views containing squeezes of
+        // keep slices with a single element. This is NOT trivial to fix,
+        // but this use case is not that common.
+        /*auto rciter_expv1 = exp.template rbegin<layout_type::column_major>();
         for (auto iter = v.template rbegin<layout_type::column_major>();
              iter != v.template rend<layout_type::column_major>(); ++iter)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(*iter, *rciter_expv1);
             ++rciter_expv1;
-        }
+        }*/
     }
 
     TEST(xview, random_stepper)
@@ -1077,6 +1080,15 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(v1, exp_v1);
     }
 
+    TEST(xview, keep_broadcast)
+    {
+        xtensor<int, 2> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
+        xtensor<int, 2> b = {{4, 5}, {7, 8}};
+        xtensor<int, 2> res = xt::view(a, xt::keep(0), xt::all()) + b;
+        xtensor<int, 2> exp = {{4, 6}, {7, 9}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, drop_slice)
     {
         xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {{{ 1, 2, 3, 4},

From 7e034dbdc128c22e07915f597a26ca37a37d150c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Fri, 15 Jan 2021 23:43:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 179/606] Remove unused variable warning

---
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index d693f5cb5..736baea65 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -313,7 +313,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using complex_type = xtl::xcomplex<double>;
         xt::xarray<complex_type> a = xt::ones<complex_type>(std::vector<size_t>(3,7));
-    
+
         auto simd_loaded = a.template load_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode, complex_type, xt_simd::simd_traits<complex_type>::size>(0);
+        (void)simd_loaded;
     }
 }

From 76e91c08267572a0e1290e01315f5ce8dc4fbbde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Fri, 15 Jan 2021 23:42:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 180/606] Omit unused arguments

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 7ca897111..0ff886eaf 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class S1, class S2>
-            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& /*chunk_shape*/, layout_type /*chunk_memory_layout*/)
             {
                 chunks.resize(container_shape);
             }

From e37b90ed954a784f04c55377ec8944a83ec69df4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Fri, 15 Jan 2021 23:43:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 181/606] Extra testing for xoptional casting

---
 test/test_xoptional.cpp | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_xoptional.cpp b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
index dc61ba8b9..28b388854 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
@@ -474,6 +474,17 @@ namespace xt
         flag_functor_type m_flag_functor;
     };
 
+    TEST(xoptional, cast)
+    {
+        xarray_optional<double> a = {{1.2, 2.3, 3.4},
+                                     {4.5, 5.6, 6.7}};
+        a(1, 2).has_value() = false;
+        auto b = cast<xtl::xoptional<int>>(a);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(b(0,2).has_value());
+        EXPECT_EQ(b(0,2), 3);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(b(1,2).has_value());
+    }
+
     TEST(xoptional, generator)
     {
         using gen_type = xgenerator<opt_func_tester, xtl::xoptional<int, bool>, dynamic_shape<std::size_t>>;

From 70e609b6cf00d2983482dc4d8c60573af2de645d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Mon, 18 Jan 2021 18:36:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 182/606] Extra assert in mean computation wrt. ddof

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index b8beeba93..fa8b48858 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1890,7 +1890,7 @@ namespace detail {
             const size_type size = e.size();
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(static_cast<size_type>(ddof) <= size);
             auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
-            return detail::mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
+            return mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
         }
 
         template <class T, class E, class D, class EVS,
@@ -1898,8 +1898,11 @@ namespace detail {
         inline auto mean_noaxis(E&& e, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-            const auto size = e.size();
-            return sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es) / static_cast<value_type>(size - ddof);
+            using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
+            const size_type size = e.size();
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(static_cast<size_type>(ddof) <= size);
+            auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es);
+            return std::move(s) / static_cast<value_type>((size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof)));
         }
     }
 

From 48aa4a3edb00903bd2c648f07c52e8478d1ba6c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Mon, 18 Jan 2021 20:32:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 183/606] Provide a -Werror mode and ensure xtensor passes with
 it

Conditionally comment out the few test that raise a warning by design,
explaining why in each case.
---
 test/CMakeLists.txt          | 8 ++++++++
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp | 9 +++++++++
 test/test_xreducer.cpp       | 4 ++++
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index ae467b8ab..3ee005766 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ if(NOT _cxx_std_flag)
   message(FATAL_ERROR "xtensor-blas needs a C++14-compliant compiler.")
 endif()
 
+OPTION(XTENSOR_ENABLE_WERROR "Turn on -Werror" OFF)
+
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel" AND NOT WIN32))
   CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
   if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
@@ -74,6 +76,9 @@ if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel"
   if (XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fno-exceptions")
   endif()
+  if (XTENSOR_ENABLE_WERROR)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Werror -DSKIP_ON_WERROR")
+  endif()
 elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /MP /bigobj")
   set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS ${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO)
@@ -95,6 +100,9 @@ elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
     if (XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
       set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fno-exceptions")
     endif()
+    if (XTENSOR_ENABLE_WERROR)
+      set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Werror -DSKIP_ON_WERROR")
+    endif()
   else() # We are using clang-cl
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /bigobj")
     set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS ${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO)
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index 758acc0d6..f8ab96d40 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -268,7 +268,10 @@ namespace xt
         /**********************
          * long long *
          **********************/
+#ifndef SKIP_ON_WERROR
+        // intermediate computation done in double may imply precision loss
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long);
+#endif
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, int, signed long long, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, long, signed long long, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long, signed long long, double);
@@ -276,7 +279,10 @@ namespace xt
         /**********************
          * unsigned long long *
          **********************/
+#ifndef SKIP_ON_WERROR
+        // intermediate computation done in double may imply precision loss
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long);
+#endif
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned int, unsigned long long, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long, unsigned long long, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long, unsigned long long, double);
@@ -285,7 +291,10 @@ namespace xt
          * float *
          *********/
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float);
+#ifndef SKIP_ON_WERROR
+        // final conversion to int may imply conversion loss
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, int, float, float);
+#endif
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float, float, float);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, double, double, double);
 
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index e43273dc3..4c6e8c42d 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -544,8 +544,12 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(mean0, expect0)));
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(mean1, expect1)));
 
+#ifndef SKIP_ON_WERROR
+        // may loose precision because uint8_t is casted to long for intermediate
+        // computations and then divided by a double for mean
         xarray<uint8_t> c = {1, 2};
         EXPECT_EQ(mean(c)(), 1.5);
+#endif
 
         const auto rvalue_xarray = [] () { return xtensor<double, 1>({1, 2}); };
         EXPECT_EQ(mean(rvalue_xarray(), {0})(), 1.5);

From e17a828bc9ea6014513ed4fa614a8b0ad6596fcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Jan 2021 23:46:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 184/606] Moved layout_remove_any to xlayout.hpp

---
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp   | 13 ++-----------
 include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp |  7 +++++++
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 10827191e..e60b72ba7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -50,15 +50,6 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        /************************************
-         * layout_remove_any implementation *
-         ************************************/
-
-        constexpr layout_type layout_remove_any(const layout_type layout)
-        {
-            return layout == layout_type::any ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT : layout;
-        }
-
         /**********************************
          * has_same_layout implementation *
          **********************************/
@@ -102,7 +93,7 @@ namespace xt
          ****************************************/
 
         template <class E, layout_type L>
-        using as_xarray_container_t = xarray<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, detail::layout_remove_any(L)>;
+        using as_xarray_container_t = xarray<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, layout_remove_any(L)>;
 
         /*****************************************
          * as_xtensor_container_t implementation *
@@ -111,7 +102,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E, layout_type L>
         using as_xtensor_container_t = xtensor<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
                                                std::tuple_size<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>::value,
-                                               detail::layout_remove_any(L)>;
+                                               layout_remove_any(L)>;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
index 271ae7e82..ccace0fa0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     constexpr layout_type default_assignable_layout(layout_type l) noexcept;
 
+    constexpr layout_type layout_remove_any(const layout_type layout) noexcept;
+
     /******************
      * Implementation *
      ******************/
@@ -92,6 +94,11 @@ namespace xt
         return (l == layout_type::row_major || l == layout_type::column_major) ?
             l : XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT;
     }
+
+    constexpr layout_type layout_remove_any(const layout_type layout) noexcept
+    {
+        return layout == layout_type::any ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT : layout;
+    }
 }
 
 #endif

From 05c27624e8f64a37240d5e71ea55e628210da834 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 10:59:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 185/606] Slight reorganization fo documentation

---
 docs/source/build-options.rst        |  2 ++
 docs/source/index.rst                |  3 +-
 docs/source/pitfall.rst              | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 docs/source/{sfinae.rst => rank.rst} |  6 ++--
 docs/source/xsimd.rst                | 52 ----------------------------
 5 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)
 rename docs/source/{sfinae.rst => rank.rst} (98%)
 delete mode 100644 docs/source/xsimd.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/build-options.rst b/docs/source/build-options.rst
index 8f91fd3b3..a3c352680 100644
--- a/docs/source/build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/build-options.rst
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ The following macros are helpers for debugging, they are not defined by default:
 - ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION``: enables the dimensions check in ``xtensor``. Note that this option should not be turned
   on if you expect ``operator()`` to perform broadcasting.
 
+.. _external-dependencies:
+
 External dependencies
 ---------------------
 
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index caf071f41..6212a02b6 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ for details.
    missing
    histogram
    random
-   sfinae
-   xsimd
+   rank
    file_loading
    build-options
    pitfall
diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index 508c5f852..6e40218f0 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -132,3 +132,45 @@ curious compilation error may occur on Windows:
 
 To avoid this compiler bug (for which we don't have a workaround), ensure
 all the elements in the initializer list have the same type.
+
+Alignment of fixed-size members
+-------------------------------
+
+.. note::
+
+    If you are using ``C++ >= 17`` you should not have to worry about this.
+
+When building with ``xsimd`` (see :ref:`external-dependencies`), if you define a structure
+having members of fixed-size xtensor types, you must ensure that the buffers properly
+aligned. For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN`` available in
+``xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp``.
+Consider the following example:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class alignas(XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN) Foo
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN != 0,
+                                                  xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN>,
+                                                  std::allocator<T>>;
+
+        Foo(T fac) : m_fac(fac)
+        {
+            m_bar.fill(fac);
+        }
+
+        auto get() const
+        {
+            return m_bar;
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<T, xt::xshape<10, 10>> m_bar;
+        T m_fac;
+    };
+
+Whereby it is important to store the fixed-sized xtensor type (in this case ``xt::xtensor_fixed<T, xt::xshape<10, 10>>``) as first member.
diff --git a/docs/source/sfinae.rst b/docs/source/rank.rst
similarity index 98%
rename from docs/source/sfinae.rst
rename to docs/source/rank.rst
index 30884451b..b9496eead 100644
--- a/docs/source/sfinae.rst
+++ b/docs/source/rank.rst
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 
    The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
 
-.. _sfinae:
+.. _rank:
 
-SFINAE
-======
+Tensor Rank
+===========
 
 Rank overload
 -------------
diff --git a/docs/source/xsimd.rst b/docs/source/xsimd.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index b24a365a6..000000000
--- a/docs/source/xsimd.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
-
-   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
-
-   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
-
-.. _xsimd:
-
-xsimd
-=====
-
-Alignment of fixed-size members
--------------------------------
-
-.. note::
-
-    If you are using ``C++ >= 17`` you should not have to worry about this.
-
-If you define a structure having members of fixed-size xtensor types,
-you must ensure that the buffers properly aligned.
-For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN`` available in
-``xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp``.
-Consider the following example:
-
-.. code-block:: cpp
-
-    template <typename T>
-    class alignas(XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN) Foo
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN != 0,
-                                                  xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN>,
-                                                  std::allocator<T>>;
-
-        Foo(T fac) : m_fac(fac)
-        {
-            m_bar.fill(fac);
-        }
-
-        auto get() const
-        {
-            return m_bar;
-        }
-
-    private:
-
-        xt::xtensor_fixed<T, xt::xshape<10, 10>> m_bar;
-        T m_fac;
-    };
-
-Whereby it is important to store the fixed-sized xtensor type (in this case ``xt::xtensor_fixed<T, xt::xshape<10, 10>>``) as first member.

From 0063981eabb8bf5610c7cb925a3b03ce08087bfb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 11:50:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 186/606] remove the use of big_promote_type_t

---
 include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp |  13 ++
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp              | 199 +++++++++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp         |  14 ++
 test/test_xaccumulator.cpp             |   6 +-
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp        |  14 +-
 test/test_xreducer.cpp                 |   6 +-
 6 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
index a396bca0e..67f5cb5ca 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
@@ -180,6 +180,19 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class... C>
     using common_tensor_type_t = typename common_tensor_type<C...>::type;
+
+    /**************************
+     * big_promote_value_type *
+     **************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct big_promote_value_type
+    {
+        using type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    using big_promote_value_type_t = typename big_promote_value_type<E>::type;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index fa8b48858..c22a7b980 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -365,46 +365,46 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 }
 
-#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                            \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                            \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>             \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                             \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                 \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                             \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;                                                      \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))),                                  \
-                          std::forward<E>(e),                                                                     \
-                          std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                             \
-    }                                                                                                             \
-                                                                                                                  \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                            \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>                            \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                               \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                              \
-    }                                                                                                             \
-                                                                                                                  \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                     \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                              \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                       \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                 \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                             \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;                                                      \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);         \
-    }                                                                                                             \
-                                                                                                                  \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>             \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                   \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                 \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                             \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;                                                      \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                   \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<result_type>(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);   \
+#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                               \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                               \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>                \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type>;                                                     \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type>(INIT))),                                 \
+                          std::forward<E>(e),                                                                        \
+                          std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                                \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                               \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>                               \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                  \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                 \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                        \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                                 \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                          \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;               \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                    \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);       \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                      \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;               \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                    \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es); \
     }
 
     /*******************
@@ -1839,9 +1839,13 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T` is also used for determining the value type
+     *           of the result, which is the type of `T() + E::value_type()`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(sum, detail::plus, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 0)
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(sum, detail::plus, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 0)
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
@@ -1855,9 +1859,13 @@ namespace detail {
      *             The divisor used in calculations is N - ddof, where N represents the number of
                    elements. By default ddof is zero.
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           `T` is also used for determining the value type of the result, which is the type
+     *           of `T() * E::value_type()`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(prod, detail::multiplies, xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>, 1)
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(prod, detail::multiplies, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 1)
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -1915,6 +1923,10 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the mean is computed (optional)
      * @param es the evaluation strategy (optional)
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T` is also used for determining the value type
+     *           of the result, which is the type of `T() + E::value_type()`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      */
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
@@ -1946,11 +1958,15 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param weights \ref xexpression containing weights associated with the values in \ref e
      * @param axes the axes along which the mean is computed (optional)
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T`is also used for determining the value type of the result,
+     *           which is the type of `T() + E::value_type().
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      *
      * @sa mean
      */
-    template <class E, class W, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, X&& axes, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
@@ -1979,19 +1995,19 @@ namespace detail {
 
         constexpr layout_type L = default_assignable_layout(std::decay_t<W>::static_layout);
         auto weights_view = reshape_view<L>(std::forward<W>(weights), std::move(broadcast_shape));
-        auto scl = sum(weights_view, ax, xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
-        return sum(std::forward<E>(e) * std::move(weights_view), std::move(ax), ev) / std::move(scl);
+        auto scl = sum<T>(weights_view, ax, xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
+        return sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e) * std::move(weights_view), std::move(ax), ev) / std::move(scl);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class W, class X, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class X, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, const X(&axes)[N], EVS ev = EVS())
     {
         // need to select the X&& overload and forward to different type
         using ax_t = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
-        return average(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<W>(weights), xt::forward_normalize<ax_t>(e, axes), ev);
+        return average<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<W>(weights), xt::forward_normalize<ax_t>(e, axes), ev);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class W, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
@@ -2000,15 +2016,15 @@ namespace detail {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Weights need to have the same shape as expression.");
         }
 
-        auto div = sum(weights, evaluation_strategy::immediate)();
-        auto s = sum(std::forward<E>(e) * std::forward<W>(weights), ev) / std::move(div);
+        auto div = sum<T>(weights, evaluation_strategy::immediate)();
+        auto s = sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e) * std::forward<W>(weights), ev) / std::move(div);
         return s;
     }
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
-        return mean(e, ev);
+        return mean<T>(e, ev);
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -2047,7 +2063,6 @@ namespace detail {
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
         return sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es));
     }
 
@@ -2067,6 +2082,10 @@ namespace detail {
      *             The divisor used in calculations is N - ddof, where N represents the number of
                    elements. By default ddof is zero.
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T`is also used for determining the value type of the result,
+     *           which is the type of `T() + E::value_type()`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      *
      * @sa stddev, mean
@@ -2112,6 +2131,10 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the standard deviation is computed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T`is also used for determining the value type of the result,
+     *           which is the type of `T() + E::value_type()`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      *
      * @sa variance, mean
@@ -2200,22 +2223,26 @@ namespace detail {
      * \em axis (or flattened).
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axis the axes along which the cumulative sum is computed (optional)
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T`is also used for determining the value type of the result,
+     *           which is the type of `T() + E::value_type()`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xarray<T>
      */
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
                           std::forward<E>(e),
                           axis);
     }
 
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
                           std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -2227,22 +2254,26 @@ namespace detail {
      * \em axis (or flattened).
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axis the axes along which the cumulative product is computed (optional)
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T`is also used for determining the value type of the result,
+     *           which is the type of `T() * E::value_type()`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xarray<T>
      */
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
                           std::forward<E>(e), 
                           axis);
     }
 
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<result_type>()), 
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
                           std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -2366,6 +2397,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nansum, detail::nan_plus, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 0)
@@ -2379,6 +2412,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nanprod, detail::nan_multiplies, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 1)
@@ -2472,20 +2507,22 @@ namespace detail {
      * \em axis, replacing nan with 0.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axis the axis along which the elements are accumulated (optional)
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an xaccumulator
      */
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto nancumsum(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
     }
 
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto nancumsum(E&& e)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2496,20 +2533,22 @@ namespace detail {
      * \em axis, replacing nan with 1.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axis the axis along which the elements are accumulated (optional)
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an xaccumulator
      */
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto nancumprod(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
     }
 
-    template <class E>
+    template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto nancumprod(E&& e)
     {
-        using result_type = xtl::big_promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<result_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -2556,6 +2595,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the mean is computed (optional)
      * @param es the evaluation strategy (optional)
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      */
     template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
@@ -2618,6 +2659,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the variance is computed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      *
      * @sa nanstd, nanmean
@@ -2655,6 +2698,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the standard deviation is computed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      *
      * @sa nanvar, nanmean
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
index 7e918b23d..93eb9ecb5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
@@ -49,6 +49,20 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const std::complex<T2>&
 {                                                                                         \
     using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, std::complex<T2>>; \
     return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
+}                                                                                         \
+                                                                                          \
+template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+constexpr auto operator OP(const T1& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)                  \
+{                                                                                         \
+    using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<T1, std::complex<T2>>;               \
+    return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
+}                                                                                         \
+                                                                                          \
+template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)                  \
+{                                                                                         \
+    using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, T2>;               \
+    return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
 }
 
 #define BINARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(NAME, OP)                                        \
diff --git a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
index 131602ac2..7f4366b71 100644
--- a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xaccumulator, one_d)
     {
         xt::xarray<short> a = { short(1), short(2), short(3), short(4)};
-        xt::xarray<long> expected = { 1, 3, 6, 10};
+        xt::xarray<int> expected = { 1, 3, 6, 10};
         auto no_axis = cumsum(a);
         auto with_axis = cumsum(a, 0);
-        bool promotion_works = std::is_same<decltype(no_axis)::value_type, long long>::value;
+        bool promotion_works = std::is_same<decltype(no_axis)::value_type, short>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(promotion_works);
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(no_axis, expected)));
 
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xaccumulator, xfixed)
     {
         xtensor_fixed<float, xshape<2, 4, 3>> a = xt::random::rand<float>({2, 4, 3});
-        auto res = cumsum(a, 1);
+        auto res = cumsum<double>(a, 1);
 
         bool truth = std::is_same<decltype(res), xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2, 4, 3>>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index 50bd6233e..c54a66076 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * auchar, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(auchar), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(auchar), unsigned char);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(auchar), unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(auchar), int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(auchar), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(auchar), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned char));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auchar);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * ashort, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(ashort), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(ashort), decltype(std::abs(short{})));
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(ashort), long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(ashort), int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(ashort), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(ashort), ARRAY_TYPE(short));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * aushort, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(aushort), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(aushort), unsigned short);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aushort), unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aushort), int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aushort), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aushort), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned short));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort);
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * aint, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(aint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(aint), int);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aint), long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(aint), int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(aint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(aint), ARRAY_TYPE(int));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * auint, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(auint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(auint), unsigned int);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(auint), unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(auint), unsigned int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(auint), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(auint), ARRAY_TYPE(unsigned int));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint);
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * afloat, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(afloat), float);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(afloat), float);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(afloat), double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(afloat), float);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(afloat), double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(minmax(afloat), ARRAY_TYPE(float));
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat);
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0f * afcomplex, std::complex<float>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sqrt(afcomplex), std::complex<float>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(abs(afcomplex), float);
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(afcomplex), std::complex<double>);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(sum(afcomplex), std::complex<float>);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(mean(afcomplex), std::complex<double>);
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 4c6e8c42d..13081faeb 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // check that there is no overflow
         xarray<uint8_t> c = 2 * ones<uint8_t>({34});
-        EXPECT_EQ(1ULL << 34, prod(c)());
+        EXPECT_EQ(1ULL << 34, prod<long long>(c)());
     }
 
 #define TEST_OPT_PROD(INPUT)                     \
@@ -868,9 +868,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(b_fx_2 == sum(c, {0, 1}));
         EXPECT_EQ(b_fx_3, sum(c, {0, 1, 2}));
 
-        truth = std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(b_fx_1)>, xtensor_fixed<long long, xshape<5>>>::value;
+        truth = std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(b_fx_1)>, xtensor_fixed<int, xshape<5>>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
-        truth = std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(b_fx_3)>, xtensor_fixed<long long, xshape<>>>::value;
+        truth = std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(b_fx_3)>, xtensor_fixed<int, xshape<>>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
 
         truth = std::is_same<xshape<1, 3>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5, 3>, xshape<1>>::type>();

From 6de074822694a76f4935dcb5e0ace597a0e1e948 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 16:56:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 187/606] Updated reducer docs according to recent changes

---
 docs/source/operator.rst         | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/operator.rst b/docs/source/operator.rst
index e4770b01b..88080ec4e 100644
--- a/docs/source/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/operator.rst
@@ -218,6 +218,39 @@ the evaluation and get the result:
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     double res = xt::reduce([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; }, arr)();
 
+The ``value_type`` of a reducer is the traditional result type of the reducing operation. For instance,
+the ``value_type`` of the reducer for the sum is:
+
+- ``int`` if the underlying expression holds ``int`` values
+- ``int`` if the underlying expression holds ``short`` values, because ``short + short`` = ``int``
+
+You can pass a template argument to the reducer functions to specify the type of the initial value of
+the reduction. This allows you to "promote" the value type of the reducer and limit overflows in
+computation:
+
+.. code::
+
+    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+
+    xt::xarray<int> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
+    auto s1 = xt::sum<short>(arr); // No effect, short + int = int
+    auto s2 = xt::sum<long int>(arr); // The value_type of s2 is long int
+
+When you write generic code and you want to limit overflows, you can use ``xt::big_promote_value_type_t``
+as shown below:
+
+.. code::
+
+    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+    
+    template <class E>
+    void my_computation(E&& e)
+    {
+        auto s = xt::sum<xt::big_promote_value_type_t<E>>(e);
+    }
+
 Accumulators
 ------------
 
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst b/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
index e6609c65c..437ca0afe 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ Sum
     // Outputs {6, 15}, but r3 is an unevaluated expression
     // the values are computed upon each access
 
+    auto r4 = xt::sum<long int>(a, {1});
+    // r4 holds long int values
+
+    auto r5 = xt::sum<short>(a, {1});
+    // r5 hols int values
+
+    auto r6 = xt::sum<xt::big_promote_value_type<decltype(a)>>(a, {1});
+    // r6 holds long long int values
+
 Prod
 ----
 
@@ -40,6 +49,8 @@ Prod
     xt::xarray<int> r1 = xt::prod(a);
     int r2 = xt::prod(a)();
     auto r3 = xt::prod(a, {0});
+    auro r4 = xt::prod<long int>(a, {0});
+    auto r5 = xt::prod<xt::big_promote_value_type<decltype(a)>>(a, {1});
 
 Mean
 ----

From 6c8ab10a8e4b75d42a801d9f2ea872b795eeaf5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 21:24:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 188/606] Added template parameter for initial value type in
 accumulators

---
 docs/source/operator.rst         | 15 ++++++++++
 docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst |  6 ++--
 include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp | 13 +++++++--
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp        | 49 ++++++++------------------------
 test/test_xaccumulator.cpp       |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/operator.rst b/docs/source/operator.rst
index 88080ec4e..49f6583da 100644
--- a/docs/source/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/operator.rst
@@ -284,6 +284,21 @@ function. For example, the implementation of cumsum is as follows:
                                             arr,
                                             1);
 
+Like reducers, accumulators accept a template parameter to specify the ``value_type``
+of the initial value of the accumulation. The ``value_type`` of the result is computed
+with the same rules as those for reducers:
+
+.. code::
+
+    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include "xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp"
+
+    xt::xarray<int> arr = some_init_function({5, 5, 5});
+    auto r1 = xt::cumsum<short>(a, 1);
+    // r1 holds int values
+    auto r2 = xt::cumsum<long int>(a, 1);
+    // r2 hols long int values
+
 Evaluation strategy
 -------------------
 
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst b/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
index 437ca0afe..31e31d240 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ Sum
     // r4 holds long int values
 
     auto r5 = xt::sum<short>(a, {1});
-    // r5 hols int values
+    // r5 holds int values
 
-    auto r6 = xt::sum<xt::big_promote_value_type<decltype(a)>>(a, {1});
+    auto r6 = xt::sum<xt::big_promote_value_type_t<decltype(a)>>(a, {1});
     // r6 holds long long int values
 
 Prod
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Prod
     int r2 = xt::prod(a)();
     auto r3 = xt::prod(a, {0});
     auro r4 = xt::prod<long int>(a, {0});
-    auto r5 = xt::prod<xt::big_promote_value_type<decltype(a)>>(a, {1});
+    auto r5 = xt::prod<xt::big_promote_value_type_t<decltype(a)>>(a, {1});
 
 Mean
 ----
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
index 09ab5f9a0..295afacbd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -199,7 +199,12 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
             using init_functor_type = typename F::init_functor_type;
-            using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+            using accumulate_functor_type = typename F::accumulate_functor_type;
+            using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
+            //using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+            
+            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>()(std::declval<init_type>(),
+                                                                                              std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
             if (axis >= e.dimension())
@@ -267,7 +272,11 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto accumulator_impl(F&& f, E&& e, evaluation_strategy::immediate_type)
         {
             using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
-            using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+            using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
+            using accumulate_functor_type = typename F::accumulate_functor_type;
+            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>()(std::declval<init_type>(),
+                                                                                              std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+            //using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
             std::size_t sz = e.size();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index c22a7b980..37d61500f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2357,37 +2357,6 @@ namespace detail {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::nan_to_num_functor>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
-#define XTENSOR_NAN_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, RESULT_TYPE, NAN)                                             \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                            \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>                                                 \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                             \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
-        using init_functor_type = detail::nan_init<result_type, NAN>;                                             \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_functor_type()), std::forward<E>(e),         \
-                      std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                                 \
-    }                                                                                                             \
-                                                                                                                  \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                     \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                              \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                       \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
-        using init_functor_type = detail::nan_init<result_type, NAN>;                                             \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_functor_type()), std::forward<E>(e), es);    \
-    }                                                                                                             \
-                                                                                                                  \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>             \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                   \
-    {                                                                                                             \
-        using result_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, RESULT_TYPE, T>;                     \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<result_type>;                                                                \
-        using init_functor_type = detail::nan_init<result_type, NAN>;                                             \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_functor_type()), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);  \
-    }
-
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
      * @brief Sum of elements over given axes, replacing nan with 0.
@@ -2397,7 +2366,9 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
-     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T` is also used for determining the value type
+     *           of the result, which is the type of `T() + E::value_type()`.
      *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
@@ -2412,14 +2383,14 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
-     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T` is also used for determining the value type
+     *           of the result, which is the type of `T() * E::value_type()`.
      *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nanprod, detail::nan_multiplies, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, 1)
 
-#undef XTENSOR_NAN_REDUCER_FUNCTION
-
 #define COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT                                                             \
     using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;                                \
     using result_type = xt::detail::xreducer_size_type_t<value_type>;                       \
@@ -2507,7 +2478,9 @@ namespace detail {
      * \em axis, replacing nan with 0.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axis the axis along which the elements are accumulated (optional)
-     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T` is also used for determining the value type
+     *           of the result, which is the type of `T() + E::value_type()`.
      *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an xaccumulator
      */
@@ -2533,7 +2506,9 @@ namespace detail {
      * \em axis, replacing nan with 1.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axis the axis along which the elements are accumulated (optional)
-     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
+     *           `E::value_type`. `T` is also used for determining the value type
+     *           of the result, which is the type of `T() * E::value_type()`.
      *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an xaccumulator
      */
diff --git a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
index 7f4366b71..6a4b34c38 100644
--- a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<int> expected = { 1, 3, 6, 10};
         auto no_axis = cumsum(a);
         auto with_axis = cumsum(a, 0);
-        bool promotion_works = std::is_same<decltype(no_axis)::value_type, short>::value;
+        bool promotion_works = std::is_same<decltype(no_axis)::value_type, int>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(promotion_works);
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(no_axis, expected)));
 

From c4d21755060c576d9caad248e698f000c5929765 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 22:14:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 189/606] Release 0.22.0

---
 CMakeLists.txt                     |  2 +-
 README.md                          | 14 ++------
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment-dev.yml                |  4 +--
 environment.yml                    |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  4 +--
 6 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 91abf63e6..468be1e95 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ message(STATUS "Building xtensor v${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}")
 # Dependencies
 # ============
 
-set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.6.16)
+set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.6.23)
 if(TARGET xtl)
     set(xtl_VERSION ${XTL_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XTL_VERSION_MINOR}.${XTL_VERSION_PATCH})
     # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7bd0498eb..b765d24af 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.10  | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.9   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.8   | ^0.6.20 |       ^7.4.8      |
@@ -104,17 +105,6 @@ library:
 |  0.21.2   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
 |  0.21.1   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.2      |
 |  0.21.0   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.2      |
-|  0.20.10  | ^0.6.7  |       ^7.4.0      |
-|  0.20.9   | ^0.6.7  |       ^7.4.0      |
-|  0.20.8   | ^0.6.4  |       ^7.2.3      |
-|  0.20.7   | ^0.6.4  |       ^7.2.3      |
-|  0.20.6   | ^0.6.4  |       ^7.2.3      |
-|  0.20.5   | ^0.6.4  |       ^7.2.1      |
-|  0.20.4   | ^0.6.2  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.20.3   | ^0.6.2  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.20.2   | ^0.6.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.20.1   | ^0.6.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
-|  0.20.0   | ^0.6.1  |       ^7.0.0      |
 
 The dependency on `xsimd` is required if you want to enable SIMD acceleration
 in `xtensor`. This can be done by defining the macro `XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD`
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 4c48437b3..0cdcecfb0 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,63 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.22.0
+------
+
+Breaking changes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Drop support of 3.* Clang versions
+  `#2251 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2251>`_
+- Fix reducers assignment
+  `#2254 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2254>`_
+- Removed reducer ``big_promote_type``
+  `#2277 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2277>`_
+
+Other changes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Improve histogram performance with equal bin sizes
+  `#2088 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2088>`_
+- Added missing header in xfixed
+  `#2225 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2225>`_
+- Implement xt::random::choice with weights vector
+  `#2241 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2241>`_
+- Testing alignment
+  `#2246 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2246>`_
+- Add reducers tests 
+  `#2252 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2252>`_
+- Fix binary operators on complex
+  `#2253 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2253>`_
+- Removed not implemented assign method from xchunked_array
+  `#2256 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2256>`_
+- Support initialized list for chunked_array shapes
+  `#2258 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2258>`_
+- Add as_strided free function
+  `#2261 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2261>`_
+- Fix histogram compatibility with containers beyond xtensor
+  `#2263 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2263>`_
+- Fixed broadcasting with keep_slice that holds a single element
+  `#2270 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2270>`_
+- Make xt::cast and xtl::optional compatible
+  `#2271 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2271>`_
+- Fix minor warnings detected by clang
+  `#2272 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2272>`_
+- Extra assert in mean computation wrt. ddof
+  `#2273 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2273>`_
+- Provide a -Werror mode and ensure xtensor passes with it
+  `#2274 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2274>`_
+- Moved layout_remove_any to xlayout.hpp
+  `#2275 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2275>`_
+- Provide a -Werror mode and ensure xtensor passes with it
+  `#2274 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2274>`_
+- Slight reorganization of the documentation
+  `#2276 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2276>`_
+- Updated reducer docs according to recent changes
+  `#2278 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2278>`_
+- Added template parameter for initial value type in accumulators 
+  `#2279 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2279>`_
+
 0.21.10
 -------
 
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 7163f7e6a..ecd44cdf7 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.22
-  - xsimd=7.4.8
+  - xtl=0.6.23
+  - xsimd=7.4.9
   - nlohmann_json
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 08381764e..be28f57dc 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.21.10
-  - xtensor-blas=0.17.2
+  - xtensor=0.22.0
+  - xtensor-blas=0.18.0
   - xeus-cling=0.8.1
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 451f4216e..bcdd65219 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 #define XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 21
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 10
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 22
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From e0dac3a65df5a45b7e1ac7ac17e30547e552b6bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 22:46:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 190/606] Fixed xtl version on azure pipelines

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 771cf605d..1ef507b49 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.22 ^
+                        xtl==0.6.23 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list

From 2b1ae53e0dd7926cbf10393706cceb47c0365e45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2021 17:21:00 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 191/606] Harmonize #include statements in doc

---
 docs/source/adaptor.rst                 | 18 +++----
 docs/source/container.rst               | 20 +++----
 docs/source/developer/concepts.rst      |  8 +--
 docs/source/expression.rst              |  6 +--
 docs/source/external-structures.rst     |  2 +-
 docs/source/file_loading.rst            | 12 ++---
 docs/source/getting_started.rst         | 22 ++++----
 docs/source/operator.rst                | 52 +++++++++---------
 docs/source/quickref/basic.rst          | 16 +++---
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst |  4 +-
 docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst       | 42 +++++++--------
 docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst   | 22 ++++----
 docs/source/related.rst                 | 20 +++----
 docs/source/scalar.rst                  |  8 +--
 docs/source/view.rst                    | 72 ++++++++++++-------------
 15 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 162 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/adaptor.rst b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
index c188d51dc..b66d53635 100644
--- a/docs/source/adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ The following example shows how to bring an ``std::vector`` into the expression
 
     #include <cstddef>
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
 
     std::vector<double> v = {1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. };
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = { 2, 3 };
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ ownership of the array:
 .. code::
 
     #include <cstddef>
-    #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
 
     void compute(double* data, std::size_t size)
     {
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ the ownership of the array, meaning it will be deleted when the adaptor is destr
 .. code::
 
     #include <cstddef>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
 
     void compute(double*& data, std::size_t size)
     {
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ adaptor before calling ``compute`` and pass it to the function:
 .. code::
 
     #include <cstddef>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
 
     template <class A>
     void compute(A& a)
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ Adapting C arrays allocated on the stack is as simple as adapting ``std::vector`
 
     #include <cstddef>
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
 
     double v[6] = {1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. };
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = { 2, 3 };
diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index 400f28c1c..5a2f740eb 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The following example shows how to initialize a multi-dimensional array of dynam
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     std::vector<size_t> strides = { 8, 4, 1 };
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ However, this requires to carefully compute the strides to avoid buffer overflow
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::dynamic> a(shape, xt::layout_type::row_major);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ If the layout of the array can be fixed at compile time, we can make it even sim
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Let's use ``xtensor`` instead of ``xarray`` in the previous example:
 .. code::
 
     #include <array>
-    #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
 
     std::array<size_t, 3> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     xt::xtensor<double, 3> a(shape);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Or when using ``xtensor_fixed``:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xfixed.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 2, 4>> a();
     // or xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 2, 4>, xt::layout_type::row_major>()
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ compatible with the old one, that is, the number of elements in the container mu
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
     // The following two lines ...
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ values in the ``shape``:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
     xt::xarray<int> a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
     a.reshape({2, -1});
     // a.shape() return {2, 4}
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ automatically and applies the "temporary variable rule" by default. A mechanism
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xnoalias.hpp>
 
     // a, b, and c are xt::xarrays previously initialized
     xt::noalias(b) = a + c;
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ The aliasing phenomenon is illustrated in the following example:
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> a_shape = {3, 2, 4};
     xt::xarray<double> a(a_shape);
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
index 371470351..6e55c66cb 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class whose template parameter is ``A`` and should forward this parameter to ``x
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xexpression.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xexpression.hpp>
 
     template <class T>
     class B : public xexpression<T>
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ given shape:
     #include <algorithm>
     #include <iterator>
     #include <iostream>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ The first overload is meant for computed assignment involving a scalar; it allow
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv)
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index 67a80de02..2a08eea24 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ You can access the elements of any ``xexpression`` with ``operator()``:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
     auto f = 2 * a;
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ of the expression:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Shape
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     using array_type = xt::xarray<double>;
     using shape_type = array_type::shape_type;
diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index f84294fa5..f3f4c52df 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ strides based on the shape and the layout, so the implementation of the ``resize
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp" // for utility functions
+    #include <xtensor/xstrides.hpp> // for utility functions
 
     template <class T>
     void resize(const shape_type& shape)
diff --git a/docs/source/file_loading.rst b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
index 359ed4540..fab07ebc7 100644
--- a/docs/source/file_loading.rst
+++ b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ save data in the Comma-separated value format. The reference documentation is :d
     #include <fstream>
     #include <iostream>
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xcsv.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ Reference documentation for the functions used is found here :doc:`api/xnpy`.
     #include <iostream>
     #include <fstream>
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xnpy.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xnpy.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ The reference documentation is found :doc:`api/xjson`.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xjson.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xjson.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index 134c08dac..4ced4b104 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ First example
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ This second example initializes a 1-dimensional array and reshapes it in-place:
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ When compiled and run, this produces the following output:
 
   .. code-block:: cpp
 
-      std::cout << xt::adapt(arr.shape()); // with: #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+      std::cout << xt::adapt(arr.shape()); // with: #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
 
 Third example: index access
 ---------------------------
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ Third example: index access
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ This last example shows how to broadcast the ``xt::pow`` universal function:
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/operator.rst b/docs/source/operator.rst
index 49f6583da..c4c057854 100644
--- a/docs/source/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/operator.rst
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ and an element-wise ternary function (similar to the ``: ?`` ternary operator):
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<bool> b = { false, true, true, false };
     xt::xarray<int> a1 = { 1,   2,  3,  4 };
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ C++ inequality operators: they are element-wise operators returning boolean
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a1 = {  1, 12,  3, 14 };
     xt::xarray<int> a2 = { 11,  2, 13, 4  };
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ function.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a1 = {  1,  2, 3, 4};
     xt::xarray<int> a2 = { 11, 12, 3, 4};
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ performed via ``cast``, which performs an element-wise ``static_cast``.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { 3, 5, 7 };
 
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ axes removed.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::sum(a, {1, 3});
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ You can also call the ``reduce`` generator with your own reducing function:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::reduce([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; },
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ build the ``xreducer_functors`` object, the last function can be omitted:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::reduce(xt::make_xreducer_functor([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; },
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ the evaluation and get the result:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     double res = xt::reduce([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; }, arr)();
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ computation:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     auto s1 = xt::sum<short>(arr); // No effect, short + int = int
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ as shown below:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
     
     template <class E>
     void my_computation(E&& e)
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ or ``xtensor``.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({5, 8, 3});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::cumsum(a, 1);
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ function. For example, the implementation of cumsum is as follows:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({5, 5, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::accumulate([](double a, double b) { return a + b; },
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ with the same rules as those for reducers:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> arr = some_init_function({5, 5, 5});
     auto r1 = xt::cumsum<short>(a, 1);
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ Choosing an evaluation_strategy is straightforward. For reducers:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     auto res = xt::sum(a, {1, 3}, xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
@@ -348,8 +348,8 @@ arguments:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xvectorize.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xvectorize.hpp>
 
     int f(int a, int b)
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
index 0a9bea657..a70b5f784 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Tensor with dynamic shape:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double>::shape_type shape = {2, 3};
     xt::xarray<double> a0(shape);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Tensor with static number of dimensions:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor<double, 2>::shape_type shape = {2, 3};
     xt::xtensor<double, 2> a0(shape);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Tensor with fixed shape:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xfixed.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xfixed.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<2, 3>> = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ In-memory chunked tensor with dynamic shape:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp>
 
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
     std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ Output
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xfixed.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xfixed.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
     std::cout << a << std::endl;
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
index 00353197a..a1273aa8e 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ An in-memory chunked array has the following type:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp>
 
     using data_type = double;
     // don't use this code:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ use the `chunked_array` factory function:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp>
 
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
     std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
index ec40f3e13..edac67f9c 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Default iteration
 
     #include <iostream>
     #include <iterator>
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     std::copy(a.begin(), a.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, ", "));
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Specified traversal order
 
     #include <iostream>
     #include <iterator>
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     std::copy(a.begin<layout_type::row_major>(),
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Broacasting iteration
 
     #include <iostream>
     #include <iterator>
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     using shape_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Iterating over axis 0:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ Iterating over axis 1:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ Iterating over axis 2:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ Iterating over axis 0:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xaxis_iterator.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ Iterating over axis 1:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xaxis_iterator.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -229,9 +229,9 @@ Iterating over axis 2:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xaxis_iterator.hpp"
-    #include "xio.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst b/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
index 25d229bf8..3ef60176d 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ atleast_Nd
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a0 = 123;
     auto r1 = xt::atleast_1d(a0);
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ expand_dims
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto r0 = xt::expand_dims(a, 0);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ flip
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto f0 = xt::flip(a, 0);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ repeat
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
     auto r0 = xt::repeat(a, 3, 1);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ roll
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto t0 = xt::roll(a, 2);
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ rot90
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto r0 = xt::rot90<1>(a);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ split
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto s0 = xt::split(a, 3);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ hsplit
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
     auto res = xt::hsplit(a, 2);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ vsplit
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
     auto res = xt::vsplit(a, 2);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ squeeze
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     auto b = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3});
     auto sq0 = xt::xqueeze(b);
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ trim_zeros
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0};
     auto t0 = xt::trim_zeros(a);
diff --git a/docs/source/related.rst b/docs/source/related.rst
index 2a526f9a5..f0b39e34f 100644
--- a/docs/source/related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/related.rst
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a numpy array in-place
 .. code::
 
     #include <numeric>                        // Standard library import for std::accumulate
-    #include "pybind11/pybind11.h"            // Pybind11 import to define Python bindings
-    #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"              // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
+    #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>            // Pybind11 import to define Python bindings
+    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>              // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
     #define FORCE_IMPORT_ARRAY                // numpy C api loading
-    #include "xtensor-python/pyarray.hpp"     // Numpy bindings
+    #include <xtensor-python/pyarray.hpp>     // Numpy bindings
 
     double sum_of_sines(xt::pyarray<double> &m)
     {
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ Example 2: Create a universal function from a C++ scalar function
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "pybind11/pybind11.h"
+    #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
     #define FORCE_IMPORT_ARRAY
-    #include "xtensor-python/pyvectorize.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor-python/pyvectorize.hpp>
     #include <numeric>
     #include <cmath>
 
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library with a Julia array
 
     #include <numeric>                        // Standard library import for std::accumulate
     #include <cxx_wrap.hpp>                   // CxxWrap import to define Julia bindings
-    #include "xtensor-julia/jltensor.hpp"     // Import the jltensor container definition
-    #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"              // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
+    #include <xtensor-julia/jltensor.hpp>     // Import the jltensor container definition
+    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>              // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
 
     double sum_of_sines(xt::jltensor<double, 2> m)
     {
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Example 2: Create a numpy-style universal function from a C++ scalar function
 .. code::
 
     #include <cxx_wrap.hpp>
-    #include "xtensor-julia/jlvectorize.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor-julia/jlvectorize.hpp>
 
     double scalar_func(double i, double j)
     {
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a R array in-place
 .. code::
 
     #include <numeric>                    // Standard library import for std::accumulate
-    #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"          // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
-    #include "xtensor-r/rarray.hpp"       // R bindings
+    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>          // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
+    #include <xtensor-r/rarray.hpp>       // R bindings
     #include <Rcpp.h>
 
     using namespace Rcpp;
diff --git a/docs/source/scalar.rst b/docs/source/scalar.rst
index 456fef6b4..6c0dab9b0 100644
--- a/docs/source/scalar.rst
+++ b/docs/source/scalar.rst
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ array containing the scalar value:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     double s = 1.2;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Assuming that the scalar assignment does not resize the array, we have the follo
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     double s = 1.2;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ This is not consistent with the behavior of the copy constructor from a scalar:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a(1.2);
     std::cout << a << std::endl;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ a scalar:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     a = 1.2;
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index 6f2144600..b30e404c5 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Slices can be specified in the following ways:
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = {3, 2, 4};
     xt::xarray<int> a(shape);
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ The range function supports the placeholder ``_`` syntax:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
     using namespace xt::placeholders;  // required for `_` to work
 
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ you are actually also altering the underlying expression.
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = {3, 2, 4};
     xt::xarray<int> a(shape, 0);
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ The convenient methods ``row`` and ``col`` are available for 2-D expressions:
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor<double, 2> a = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
     auto r = xt::row(a, 0);
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ all the slice types. The strided view does not support the slices returned by th
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 3, 4, 5});
 
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ Since ``xtensor 0.16.3``, a new range syntax can be used with strided views:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ a transposed view on a expression with a dynamic layout throws an exception.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5} };
     auto tr = xt::transpose(a);
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ uses the layout of the expression.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5} };
     auto flc = xt::ravel<layout_type::column_major>(a);
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ the view modifies the underlying expression.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 4});
     auto v = xt::reshape_view(a, { 4, 2, 3 });
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ slice is involved.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xdynamic_view.hp>
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 3, 4, 5});
     xt::xdynamic_slice_vector sv({xt::range(0, 1), xt::newaxis()});
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ with the ``index_view`` helper function.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     auto b = xt::index_view(a, {{0,0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}});
@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ of the list of indices:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     using index_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ the elements of the underlying ``xexpression`` are not copied. Filters should be
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     auto v = xt::filter(a, a >= 5);
@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ computed scalar assignments.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     filtration(a, a >= 5) += 100;
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ Masked views are multidimensional views that apply a mask on an ``xexpression``.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     xt::xarray<bool> mask = {{true, false, false}, {false, true, false}};
@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ built with the ``broadcast`` helper function.
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> s1 = { 2, 3 };
     std::vector<size_t> s2 = { 3, 2, 3 };
@@ -371,8 +371,8 @@ The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed argument.
 .. code::
 
     #include <complex>
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xcomplex.hpp>
 
     using namespace std::complex_literals;
 
@@ -391,8 +391,8 @@ of ``rhs``. However, since views *cannot be resized*, when assigning an expressi
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-    #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
     xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     double b = 1.2;

From cda3d7bedb33562b28eaefb7daf66ee69dd2ca41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 2021 17:02:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 192/606] Remove chunked array extension mechanism

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 176 ++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 0ff886eaf..e42bf0154 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -68,36 +68,33 @@ namespace xt
      * xchunked_array declaration *
      ******************************/
 
-    class empty_extension {};
-
-    template <class chunk_storage, class extension = empty_extension>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
     class xchunked_array;
 
-    template <class chunk_storage, class extension>
-    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
     {
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
         using storage_type = chunk_type;
-        using temporary_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>;
+        using temporary_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>;
     };
 
-    template <class chunk_storage, class extension>
-    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>
+    template <class chunk_storage>
+    struct xiterable_inner_types<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
     {
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using inner_shape_type = typename chunk_type::shape_type;
-        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>, true>;
-        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>, false>;
+        using const_stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>, true>;
+        using stepper = xindexed_stepper<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>, false>;
     };
 
-    template <class chunk_storage, class extension>
-    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
-                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
-                          public xchunked_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>>,
-                          public extension
+    template <class chunk_storage>
+    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
+                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
+                          public xchunked_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ namespace xt
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
-        using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage, extension>;
+        using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>;
         using semantic_base = xchunked_semantic<self_type>;
         using iterable_base = xconst_iterable<self_type>;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
@@ -223,7 +220,6 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @tparam T The type of the elements (e.g. double)
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
-     * @tparam EXT The type of the array extension (default: empty_extension)
      *
      * @param shape The shape of the array
      * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
@@ -231,18 +227,17 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` with the given shape, chunk shape and memory layout.
      */
-    template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+    template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
-    template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+    template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
     /**
      * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
      * This function returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
      *
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
-     * @tparam EXT The type of the array extension (default: empty_extension)
      *
      * @param e The expression to initialize the chunked array from
      * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
@@ -250,8 +245,8 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the given chunk shape and memory layout.
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class E, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class E, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
     chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
     /**
@@ -259,15 +254,14 @@ namespace xt
      * This function returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
      *
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
-     * @tparam EXT The type of the array extension (default: empty_extension)
      *
      * @param e The expression to initialize the chunked array from
      * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
      *
      * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the expression's chunk shape and the given memory layout.
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class EXT = empty_extension, class E>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class E>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
     chunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
     /*******************************
@@ -327,36 +321,36 @@ namespace xt
         return return_type::value;
     }
 
-    template <class T, layout_type L, class EXT, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    template <class T, layout_type L, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T, L>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
-    template <class T, layout_type L, class EXT, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>, EXT> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    template <class T, layout_type L, class S>
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         using sh_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
         auto sh = xtl::forward_sequence<sh_type, std::initializer_list<S>>(shape);
         auto ch_sh = xtl::forward_sequence<sh_type, std::initializer_list<S>>(chunk_shape);
-        return chunked_array<T, L, EXT, sh_type>(std::move(sh), std::move(ch_sh), chunk_memory_layout);
+        return chunked_array<T, L, sh_type>(std::move(sh), std::move(ch_sh), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
-    template <layout_type L, class EXT, class E, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    template <layout_type L, class E, class S>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
     chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type, L>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(e, chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
-    template <layout_type L, class EXT, class E>
-    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>, EXT>
+    template <layout_type L, class E>
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
     chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type, L>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage, EXT>(e, chunk_storage(), chunk_memory_layout);
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(e, chunk_storage(), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
     /************************************
@@ -467,158 +461,158 @@ namespace xt
      * xchunked_array implementation *
      *********************************/
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(CS&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(CS&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
         : m_chunks(std::move(chunks))
     {
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
         : xchunked_array(e, std::move(chunks), detail::chunk_helper<E>::chunk_shape(e), chunk_memory_layout)
     {
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class E, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS, EX>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
         : m_chunks(std::move(chunks))
     {
         resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
         semantic_base::assign_xexpression(e);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
     {
         return m_shape;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::layout() const noexcept -> layout_type
     {
         return static_layout;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
+    template <class CS>
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         return false;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) -> reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::operator()(Idxs... idxs) const -> const_reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes(idxs...);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.cbegin(), ii.first.cend());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.cbegin(), ii.second.cend());
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
     {
         auto ii = get_indexes_dynamic(first, last);
         auto& chunk = m_chunks.element(ii.first.begin(), ii.first.end());
         return chunk.element(ii.second.begin(), ii.second.end());
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S>
-    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::broadcast_shape(S& s, bool) const
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS>::broadcast_shape(S& s, bool) const
     {
         return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S>
-    inline bool xchunked_array<CS, EX>::has_linear_assign(const S&) const noexcept
+    inline bool xchunked_array<CS>::has_linear_assign(const S&) const noexcept
     {
         return false;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) noexcept -> stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::chunks() -> chunk_storage_type&
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunks() -> chunk_storage_type&
     {
         return m_chunks;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::chunks() const -> const chunk_storage_type&
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunks() const -> const chunk_storage_type&
     {
         return m_chunks;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
     {
         return m_chunk_shape;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class S1, class S2>
-    inline void xchunked_array<CS, EX>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    inline void xchunked_array<CS>::resize(S1&& shape, S2&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
         std::vector<std::size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
@@ -642,35 +636,35 @@ namespace xt
         m_chunk_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S2>(chunk_shape);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const -> indexes_type<Idxs...>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_indexes(Idxs... idxs) const -> indexes_type<Idxs...>
     {
         auto chunk_indexes_packed = get_chunk_indexes(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Idxs)>(), idxs...);
         return unpack(chunk_indexes_packed);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class Idx>
-    inline std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t> xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(std::size_t dim, Idx idx) const
+    inline std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t> xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(std::size_t dim, Idx idx) const
     {
         std::size_t index_of_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) / m_chunk_shape[dim];
         std::size_t index_in_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
         return std::make_pair(index_of_chunk, index_in_chunk);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <std::size_t... dims, class... Idxs>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const
         -> chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...>
     {
         chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...> chunk_indexes = {{get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(dims, idxs)...}};
         return chunk_indexes;
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
     {
         std::array<std::size_t, N> arr0;
         std::array<std::size_t, N> arr1;
@@ -682,9 +676,9 @@ namespace xt
         return std::make_pair(arr0, arr1);
     }
 
-    template <class CS, class EX>
+    template <class CS>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS, EX>::get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const -> dynamic_indexes_type
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const -> dynamic_indexes_type
     {
         auto size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
         std::vector<std::size_t> indexes_of_chunk(size);

From d9e4a8234bc4a8dac2b36a5d1615672dd0d242e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 2021 18:27:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 193/606] Upgraded to xtl 0.7.0

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                           | 2 +-
 README.md                                | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 1ef507b49..fe364d0bb 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.6.23 ^
+                        xtl==0.7.0 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 468be1e95..c85bf5e17 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ message(STATUS "Building xtensor v${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}")
 # Dependencies
 # ============
 
-set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.6.23)
+set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.7.0)
 if(TARGET xtl)
     set(xtl_VERSION ${XTL_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XTL_VERSION_MINOR}.${XTL_VERSION_PATCH})
     # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b765d24af..5db560002 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.10  | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.9   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index ecd44cdf7..e7f868bf0 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - cmake
-  - xtl=0.6.23
+  - xtl=0.7.0
   - xsimd=7.4.9
   - nlohmann_json

From 0550e3e5265f9fa7d6719c784098c4621b4d4282 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 2021 21:13:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 194/606] Added missing shape_type in xfunctor_stepper

---
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 155611782..e1ae863ff 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -594,6 +594,8 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename ST::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename ST::difference_type;
 
+        using shape_type = typename ST::shape_type;
+
         xfunctor_stepper() = default;
         xfunctor_stepper(const ST&, functor_type*);
 

From ddd2d6e101c0afe338abb1f4db51162d9c0c5794 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 2021 22:56:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 195/606] Release 0.23.0

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  6 +++---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5db560002..cf503d9ee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.10  | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.9   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 0cdcecfb0..4692b701a 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,25 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.0
+------
+
+Breaking changes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Remove chunked array extension mechanism
+  `#2283 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2283>`_
+- Upgraded to xtl 0.7.0 
+  `#2284 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2284>`_
+
+Other changes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Harmonize #include statements in doc
+  `#2280 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2280>`_
+- Added missing shape_type in xfunctor_stepper
+  `#2285 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2285>`_
+
 0.22.0
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index be28f57dc..3b9b54697 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.22.0
-  - xtensor-blas=0.18.0
-  - xeus-cling=0.8.1
+  - xtensor=0.23.0
+  - xtensor-blas=0.19.0
+  - xeus-cling=0.12.0
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index bcdd65219..06a554b55 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #define XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 22
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
 
 

From 67ed99da7dc3821a83b8c137c002338fb96a645d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 24 Jan 2021 11:51:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 196/606] Fix CSS table overflow

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 09aaf4dd7..c3629935f 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ From numpy to xtensor
        border-left: none;
    }
 
+   .rst-content table.docutils td > p {
+       overflow: auto;
+   }
+
    .rst-content table.docutils tr:hover {
        background-color: #d0e0e0;
    }

From 87253877733f3776af0b8ff2ccf09f76fae30459 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Jan 2021 12:33:08 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 197/606] Add cross references to Numpy

---
 docs/source/conf.py               |   4 +
 docs/source/histogram.rst         |   2 +-
 docs/source/numpy-differences.rst |   4 +-
 docs/source/numpy.rst             | 916 +++++++++++++++---------------
 docs/source/operator.rst          |   2 +-
 docs/source/random.rst            |   4 +-
 6 files changed, 469 insertions(+), 463 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index ffcbb6bcf..74870cd47 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -39,3 +39,7 @@ def setup(app):
 html_js_files = [
     'goatcounter.js'
 ]
+
+# Automatically link to numpy doc
+extensions += ['sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
+intersphinx_mapping = { "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None), }
diff --git a/docs/source/histogram.rst b/docs/source/histogram.rst
index ea5f07f9a..e2f983ebc 100644
--- a/docs/source/histogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/histogram.rst
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Basic usage
     *   ``bins = 10``
     *   ``mode = xt::histogram::automatic``
 
-The behavior, in-, and output of ``histogram`` is similar to that of `numpy.histogram <https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.histogram.html>`_ with that difference that the bin-edges are obtained by a separate function call:
+The behavior, in-, and output of ``histogram`` is similar to that of :any:`numpy.histogram` with that difference that the bin-edges are obtained by a separate function call:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
index 3530d4f55..10b3082fa 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ array argument is a 0-D argument:
 Meshgrid
 --------
 
-Numpy's version of meshgrid supports two modes: the 'xy' indexing and the 'ij' indexing.
+:any:`numpy.meshgrid` supports two modes: the 'xy' indexing and the 'ij' indexing.
 
 The following code
 
@@ -101,4 +101,4 @@ The reason is an optimization in xtensor, which is to set the strides to ``0`` i
 Array indices
 -------------
 
-Array indices are in xtensor stored as a ``std::vector`` of array indices, whereby each entry corresponds to the array indices of one item. This results in a slightly different usage of ``xt::ravel_indices`` than of ``np.ravel_multi_index``.
+Array indices are in xtensor stored as a ``std::vector`` of array indices, whereby each entry corresponds to the array indices of one item. This results in a slightly different usage of ``xt::ravel_indices`` than of :any:`numpy.ravel_multi_index`.
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index c3629935f..83bf919eb 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -86,16 +86,16 @@ Containers
 Two container types are provided. ``xarray`` (dynamic number of dimensions) and ``xtensor``
 (static number of dimensions).
 
-+------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                   |               C++ 14 - xtensor                 |
-+================================================+================================================+
-| ``np.array([[3, 4], [5, 6]])``                 | | ``xt::xarray<double>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}})``     |
-|                                                | | ``xt::xtensor<double, 2>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}})`` |
-+------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
-| ``arr.reshape([3, 4])``                        | ``arr.reshape({3, 4})``                        |
-+------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
-| ``arr.astype(np.float64)``                     | ``xt::cast<double>(arr)``                      |
-+------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.array([[3, 4], [5, 6]]) <numpy.array>`                    || ``xt::xarray<double>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}})``                          |
+|                                                                    || ``xt::xtensor<double, 2>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}})``                      |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`arr.reshape([3, 4]) <numpy.ndarray.reshape>`                 | ``arr.reshape({3, 4})``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`arr.astype(np.float64) <numpy.ndarray.astype>`               | ``xt::cast<double>(arr)``                                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Initializers
 ------------
@@ -104,53 +104,55 @@ Lazy helper functions return tensor expressions. Return types don't hold any val
 evaluated upon access or assignment. They can be assigned to a container or directly used in
 expressions.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                  |               C++ 14 - xtensor                |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.linspace(1.0, 10.0, 100)``               | ``xt::linspace<double>(1.0, 10.0, 100)``      |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, 4)``                  | ``xt::logspace<double>(2.0, 3.0, 4)``         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.arange(3, 7)``                           | ``xt::arange(3, 7)``                          |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.eye(4)``                                 | ``xt::eye(4)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.zeros([3, 4])``                          | ``xt::zeros<double>({3, 4})``                 |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.ones([3, 4])``                           | ``xt::ones<double>({3, 4})``                  |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.empty([3, 4])``                          | ``xt::empty<double>({3, 4})``                 |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.meshgrid(x0, x1, x2, indexing='ij')``    | ``xt::meshgrid(x0, x1, x2)``                  |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.linspace(1.0, 10.0, 100) <numpy.linspace>`                | ``xt::linspace<double>(1.0, 10.0, 100)``                           |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, 4) <numpy.logspace>`                   | ``xt::logspace<double>(2.0, 3.0, 4)``                              |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.arange(3, 7) <numpy.arange>`                              | ``xt::arange(3, 7)``                                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.eye(4) <numpy.eye>`                                       | ``xt::eye(4)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.zeros([3, 4]) <numpy.zeros>`                              | ``xt::zeros<double>({3, 4})``                                      |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.ones([3, 4]) <numpy.ones>`                                | ``xt::ones<double>({3, 4})``                                       |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.empty([3, 4]) <numpy.empty>`                              | ``xt::empty<double>({3, 4})``                                      |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.meshgrid(x0, x1, x2, indexing='ij') <numpy.meshgrid>`     | ``xt::meshgrid(x0, x1, x2)``                                       |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 xtensor's ``meshgrid`` implementation corresponds to numpy's ``'ij'`` indexing order.
 
 Slicing and indexing
 --------------------
 
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                        |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                  |
-+=====================================================+=====================================================+
-| ``a[3, 2]``                                         | ``a(3, 2)``                                         |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a.flat[4]``                                       || ``a[4]``                                           |
-|                                                     || ``a(4)``                                           |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[3]``                                            || ``xt::view(a, 3, xt::all())``                      |
-|                                                     || ``xt::row(a, 3)``                                  |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[:, 2]``                                         || ``xt::view(a, xt::all(), 2)``                      |
-|                                                     || ``xt::col(a, 2)``                                  |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[:5, 1:]``                                       | ``xt::view(a, xt::range(_, 5), xt::range(1, _))``   |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[5:1:-1, :]``                                    | ``xt::view(a, xt::range(5, 1, -1), xt::all())``     |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[..., 3]``                                       | ``xt::strided_view(a, {xt::ellipsis, 3})``          |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[:, np.newaxis]``                                | ``xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis())``           |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
+See :any:`numpy indexing <numpy:arrays.indexing>` page.
+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                                 |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| ``a[3, 2]``                                                        | ``a(3, 2)``                                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`a.flat[4] <numpy.ndarray.flat>`                              || ``a[4]``                                                          |
+|                                                                    || ``a(4)``                                                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a[3]``                                                           || ``xt::view(a, 3, xt::all())``                                     |
+|                                                                    || ``xt::row(a, 3)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a[:, 2]``                                                        || ``xt::view(a, xt::all(), 2)``                                     |
+|                                                                    || ``xt::col(a, 2)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a[:5, 1:]``                                                      | ``xt::view(a, xt::range(_, 5), xt::range(1, _))``                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a[5:1:-1, :]``                                                   | ``xt::view(a, xt::range(5, 1, -1), xt::all())``                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a[..., 3]``                                                      | ``xt::strided_view(a, {xt::ellipsis, 3})``                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`a[:, np.newaxis] <numpy.newaxis>`                            | ``xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis())``                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Broadcasting
 ------------
@@ -158,42 +160,41 @@ Broadcasting
 xtensor offers lazy numpy-style broadcasting, and universal functions. Unlike numpy, no copy
 or temporary variables are created.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                        |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                  |
-+=====================================================+=====================================================+
-| ``np.broadcast(a, [4, 5, 7])``                      | ``xt::broadcast(a, {4, 5, 7})``                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.vectorize(f)``                                 | ``xt::vectorize(f)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[a > 5]``                                        | ``xt::filter(a, a > 5)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[[0, 1], [0, 0]]``                               | ``xt::index_view(a, {{0, 0}, {1, 0}})``             |
-+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                                 |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.broadcast(a, [4, 5, 7]) <numpy.broadcast>`                | ``xt::broadcast(a, {4, 5, 7})``                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.vectorize(f) <numpy.vectorize>`                           | ``xt::vectorize(f)``                                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a[a > 5]``                                                       | ``xt::filter(a, a > 5)``                                           |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``a[[0, 1], [0, 0]]``                                              | ``xt::index_view(a, {{0, 0}, {1, 0}})``                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Random
 ------
 
 The random module provides simple ways to create random tensor expressions, lazily.
-
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.random.seed(0)``                         | ``xt::random::seed(0)``                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.random.randn(10, 10)``                   | ``xt::random::randn<double>({10, 10})``       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.random.randint(10, 10)``                 | ``xt::random::randint<int>({10, 10})``        |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.random.rand(3, 4)``                      | ``xt::random::rand<double>({3, 4})``          |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.random.choice(arr, 5)``                  | ``xt::random::choice(arr, 5)``                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.random.shuffle(arr)``                    | ``xt::random::shuffle(arr)``                  |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.random.permutation(30)``                 | ``xt::random::permutation(30)``               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-
-See :ref:`random`.
+See :any:`numpy.random` and :ref:`xtensor random <random>` page.
+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.random.seed(0) <numpy.random.seed>`                       | ``xt::random::seed(0)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.randn(10, 10) <numpy.random.randn>`                | ``xt::random::randn<double>({10, 10})``                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.randint(10, 10) <numpy.random.randint>`            | ``xt::random::randint<int>({10, 10})``                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.rand(3, 4) <numpy.random.rand>`                    | ``xt::random::rand<double>({3, 4})``                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.choice(arr, 5) <numpy.random.choice>`              | ``xt::random::choice(arr, 5)``                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.shuffle(arr) <numpy.random.shuffle>`               | ``xt::random::shuffle(arr)``                                       |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.permutation(30) <numpy.random.permutation>`        | ``xt::random::permutation(30)``                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Concatenation, splitting, squeezing
 -----------------------------------
@@ -201,35 +202,35 @@ Concatenation, splitting, squeezing
 Concatenating expressions does not allocate memory, it returns a tensor or view expression holding
 closures on the specified arguments.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                  |                C++ 14 - xtensor                            |
-+==============================================================+============================================================+
-| ``np.stack([a, b, c], axis=1)``                              | ``xt::stack(xtuple(a, b, c), 1)``                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.hstack([a, b, c])``                                     | ``xt::hstack(xtuple(a, b, c))``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.vstack([a, b, c])``                                     | ``xt::vstack(xtuple(a, b, c))``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.concatenate([a, b, c], axis=1)``                        | ``xt::concatenate(xtuple(a, b, c), 1)``                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.tile(a, reps)``                                         | ``xt::tile(a, reps)``                                      |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.squeeze(a)``                                            | ``xt::squeeze(a)``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.expand_dims(a, 1)``                                     | ``xt::expand_dims(a ,1)``                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.atleast_3d(a)``                                         | ``xt::atleast_3d(a)``                                      |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.split(a, 4, axis=0)``                                   | ``xt::split(a, 4, 0)``                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.hsplit(a, 4)``                                          | ``xt::hsplit(a, 4)``                                       |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.vsplit(a, 4)``                                          | ``xt::vsplit(a, 4)``                                       |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.trim_zeros(a, trim='fb')``                              | ``xt::trim_zeros(a, "fb")``                                |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.pad(a, pad_width, mode='constant', constant_values=0)`` | ``xt::pad(a, pad_width[, xt::pad_mode::constant][, 0])``   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                                 |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
++=============================================================================+=============================================================================+
+| :any:`np.stack([a, b, c], axis=1) <numpy.stack>`                            | ``xt::stack(xtuple(a, b, c), 1)``                                           |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.hstack([a, b, c]) <numpy.hstack>`                                  | ``xt::hstack(xtuple(a, b, c))``                                             |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.vstack([a, b, c]) <numpy.vstack>`                                  | ``xt::vstack(xtuple(a, b, c))``                                             |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.concatenate([a, b, c], axis=1) <numpy.concatenate>`                | ``xt::concatenate(xtuple(a, b, c), 1)``                                     |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.tile(a, reps) <numpy.tile>`                                        | ``xt::tile(a, reps)``                                                       |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.squeeze(a) <numpy.squeeze>`                                        | ``xt::squeeze(a)``                                                          |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.expand_dims(a, 1) <numpy.expand_dims>`                             | ``xt::expand_dims(a ,1)``                                                   |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.atleast_3d(a) <numpy.atleast_3d>`                                  | ``xt::atleast_3d(a)``                                                       |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.split(a, 4, axis=0) <numpy.split>`                                 | ``xt::split(a, 4, 0)``                                                      |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.hsplit(a, 4) <numpy.hsplit>`                                       | ``xt::hsplit(a, 4)``                                                        |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.vsplit(a, 4) <numpy.vsplit>`                                       | ``xt::vsplit(a, 4)``                                                        |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.trim_zeros(a, trim='fb') <numpy.trim_zeros>`                       | ``xt::trim_zeros(a, "fb")``                                                 |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.pad(a, pad_width, mode='constant', constant_values=0) <numpy.pad>` | ``xt::pad(a, pad_width[, xt::pad_mode::constant][, 0])``                    |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Rearrange elements
 ------------------
@@ -237,33 +238,33 @@ Rearrange elements
 In the same spirit as concatenation, the following operations do not allocate any memory and do
 not modify the underlying xexpression.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.diag(a)``                                | ``xt::diag(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.diagonal(a)``                            | ``xt::diagonal(a)``                           |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.triu(a)``                                | ``xt::triu(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.tril(a, k=1)``                           | ``xt::tril(a, 1)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.flip(a, axis=3)``                        | ``xt::flip(a, 3)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.flipud(a)``                              | ``xt::flip(a, 0)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.fliplr(a)``                              | ``xt::flip(a, 1)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.transpose(a, (1, 0, 2))``                | ``xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2})``               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.ravel(a, order='F')``                    | ``xt::ravel<layout_type::column_major>(a)``   |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.rot90(a)``                               | ``xt::rot90(a)``                              |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.rot90(a, 2, (1, 2))``                    | ``xt::rot90<2>(a, {1, 2})``                   |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.roll(a, 2, axis=1)``                     | ``xt::roll(a, 2, 1)``                         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.diag(a) <numpy.diag>`                                     | ``xt::diag(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.diagonal(a) <numpy.diagonal>`                             | ``xt::diagonal(a)``                                                |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.triu(a) <numpy.triu>`                                     | ``xt::triu(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.tril(a, k=1) <numpy.tril>`                                | ``xt::tril(a, 1)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.flip(a, axis=3) <numpy.flip>`                             | ``xt::flip(a, 3)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.flipud(a) <numpy.flipud>`                                 | ``xt::flip(a, 0)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.fliplr(a) <numpy.fliplr>`                                 | ``xt::flip(a, 1)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.transpose(a, (1, 0, 2)) <numpy.transpose>`                | ``xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2})``                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.ravel(a, order='F') <numpy.ravel>`                        | ``xt::ravel<layout_type::column_major>(a)``                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.rot90(a) <numpy.rot90>`                                   | ``xt::rot90(a)``                                                   |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.rot90(a, 2, (1, 2)) <numpy.rot90>`                        | ``xt::rot90<2>(a, {1, 2})``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.roll(a, 2, axis=1) <numpy.roll>`                          | ``xt::roll(a, 2, 1)``                                              |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Iteration
 ---------
@@ -271,20 +272,20 @@ Iteration
 xtensor follows the idioms of the C++ STL providing iterator pairs to iterate on arrays in
 different fashions.
 
-+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                    |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                |
-+================================================================+================================================================+
-| | ``for x in np.nditer(a):``                                   | | ``for(auto it=a.begin(); it!=a.end(); ++it)``                |
-+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Iterating over ``a`` with a prescribed broadcasting shape      | | ``a.begin({3, 4})``                                          |
-|                                                                | | ``a.end({3, 4})``                                            |
-+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Iterating over ``a`` in a row-major fashion                    | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``                    |
-|                                                                | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``                    |
-+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Iterating over ``a`` in a column-major fashion                 | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::column_major>()``                 |
-|                                                                | | ``a.end<xt::layout_type::column_major>()``                   |
-+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`for x in np.nditer(a): <numpy.nditer>`                       |  ``for(auto it=a.begin(); it!=a.end(); ++it)``                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Iterating over ``a`` with a prescribed broadcasting shape          | | ``a.begin({3, 4})``                                              |
+|                                                                    | | ``a.end({3, 4})``                                                |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Iterating over ``a`` in a row-major fashion                        | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``                        |
+|                                                                    | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Iterating over ``a`` in a column-major fashion                     | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::column_major>()``                     |
+|                                                                    | | ``a.end<xt::layout_type::column_major>()``                       |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Logical
 -------
@@ -292,100 +293,100 @@ Logical
 Logical universal functions are truly lazy. ``xt::where(condition, a, b)`` does not evaluate ``a``
 where ``condition`` is falsy, and it does not evaluate ``b`` where ``condition`` is truthy.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.where(a > 5, a, b)``                     | ``xt::where(a > 5, a, b)``                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.where(a > 5)``                           | ``xt::where(a > 5)``                          |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.argwhere(a > 5)``                        | ``xt::argwhere(a > 5)``                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.any(a)``                                 | ``xt::any(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.all(a)``                                 | ``xt::all(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.isin(a, b)``                             | ``xt::isin(a, b)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.in1d(a, b)``                             | ``xt::in1d(a, b)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.logical_and(a, b)``                      | ``a && b``                                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.logical_or(a, b)``                       | ``a || b``                                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.isclose(a, b)``                          | ``xt::isclose(a, b)``                         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.allclose(a, b)``                         | ``xt::allclose(a, b)``                        |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``a = ~b``                                    | ``a = !b``                                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.where(a > 5, a, b) <numpy.where>`                         | ``xt::where(a > 5, a, b)``                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.where(a > 5) <numpy.where>`                               | ``xt::where(a > 5)``                                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.argwhere(a > 5) <numpy.argwhere>`                         | ``xt::argwhere(a > 5)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.any(a) <numpy.any>`                                       | ``xt::any(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.all(a) <numpy.all>`                                       | ``xt::all(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.isin(a, b) <numpy.isin>`                                  | ``xt::isin(a, b)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.in1d(a, b) <numpy.in1d>`                                  | ``xt::in1d(a, b)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.logical_and(a, b) <numpy.logical_and>`                    | ``a && b``                                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.logical_or(a, b) <numpy.logical_or>`                      | ``a || b``                                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.isclose(a, b) <numpy.isclose>`                            | ``xt::isclose(a, b)``                                              |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.allclose(a, b) <numpy.allclose>`                          | ``xt::allclose(a, b)``                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`a = ~b <numpy.invert>`                                       | ``a = !b``                                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Indices
 -------
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.ravel_multi_index(indices, a.shape)``    | ``xt::ravel_indices(indices, a.shape())``     |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                         |
++=========================================================================+=========================================================================+
+| :any:`np.ravel_multi_index(indices, a.shape) <numpy.ravel_multi_index>` | ``xt::ravel_indices(indices, a.shape())``                               |
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Comparisons
 -----------
 
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.equal(a, b)``                         | ``xt::equal(a, b)``                           |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.not_equal(a, b)``                     | ``xt::not_equal(a, b)``                       |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.less(a, b)``                          || ``xt::less(a, b)``                           |
-|                                            || ``a < b``                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.less_equal(a, b)``                    || ``xt::less_equal(a, b)``                     |
-|                                            || ``a <= b``                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.greater(a, b)``                       || ``xt::greater(a, b)``                        |
-|                                            || ``a > b``                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.greater_equal(a, b)``                 || ``xt::greater_equal(a, b)``                  |
-|                                            || ``a >= b``                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.nonzero(a)``                          | ``xt::nonzero(a)``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.flatnonzero(a)``                      | ``xt::flatnonzero(a)``                        |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.equal(a, b) <numpy.equal>`                                | ``xt::equal(a, b)``                                                |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.not_equal(a, b) <numpy.not_equal>`                        | ``xt::not_equal(a, b)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.less(a, b) <numpy.less>`                                  || ``xt::less(a, b)``                                                |
+|                                                                    || ``a < b``                                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.less_equal(a, b) <numpy.less_equal>`                      || ``xt::less_equal(a, b)``                                          |
+|                                                                    || ``a <= b``                                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.greater(a, b) <numpy.greater>`                            || ``xt::greater(a, b)``                                             |
+|                                                                    || ``a > b``                                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.greater_equal(a, b) <numpy.greater_equal>`                || ``xt::greater_equal(a, b)``                                       |
+|                                                                    || ``a >= b``                                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.nonzero(a) <numpy.nonzero>`                               | ``xt::nonzero(a)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.flatnonzero(a) <numpy.flatnonzero>`                       | ``xt::flatnonzero(a)``                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Minimum, Maximum, Sorting
 -------------------------
 
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.amin(a)``                             | ``xt::amin(a)``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.amax(a)``                             | ``xt::amax(a)``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.argmin(a)``                           | ``xt::argmin(a)``                             |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.argmax(a, axis=1)``                   | ``xt::argmax(a, 1)``                          |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.sort(a, axis=1)``                     | ``xt::sort(a, 1)``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.argsort(a, axis=1)``                  | ``xt::argsort(a, 1)``                         |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.unique(a)``                           | ``xt::unique(a)``                             |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.setdiff1d(ar1, ar2)``                 | ``xt::setdiff1d(ar1, ar2)``                   |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.diff(a[, n, axis])``                  | ``xt::diff(a[, n, axis])``                    |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.partition(a, kth)``                   | ``xt::partition(a, kth)``                     |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.argpartition(a, kth)``                | ``xt::argpartition(a, kth)``                  |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.median(a, axis)``                     | ``xt::median(a, axis)``                       |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.amin(a) <numpy.amin>`                                     | ``xt::amin(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.amax(a) <numpy.amax>`                                     | ``xt::amax(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.argmin(a) <numpy.argmin>`                                 | ``xt::argmin(a)``                                                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.argmax(a, axis=1) <numpy.argmax>`                         | ``xt::argmax(a, 1)``                                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.sort(a, axis=1) <numpy.sort>`                             | ``xt::sort(a, 1)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.argsort(a, axis=1) <numpy.argsort>`                       | ``xt::argsort(a, 1)``                                              |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.unique(a) <numpy.unique>`                                 | ``xt::unique(a)``                                                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <numpy.setdiff1d>`                    | ``xt::setdiff1d(ar1, ar2)``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.diff(a[, n, axis]) <numpy.diff>`                          | ``xt::diff(a[, n, axis])``                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.partition(a, kth) <numpy.partition>`                      | ``xt::partition(a, kth)``                                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.argpartition(a, kth) <numpy.argpartition>`                | ``xt::argpartition(a, kth)``                                       |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.median(a, axis) <numpy.median>`                           | ``xt::median(a, axis)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Complex numbers
 ---------------
@@ -394,15 +395,15 @@ Functions ``xt::real`` and ``xt::imag`` respectively return views on the real an
 of a complex expression. The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed
 argument.
 
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.real(a)``                             | ``xt::real(a)``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.imag(a)``                             | ``xt::imag(a)``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.conj(a)``                             | ``xt::conj(a)``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.real(a) <numpy.real>`                                     | ``xt::real(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.imag(a) <numpy.imag>`                                     | ``xt::imag(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.conj(a) <numpy.conj>`                                     | ``xt::conj(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 - The constness and value category (rvalue / lvalue) of ``real(a)`` is the same as that of ``a``.
   Hence, if ``a`` is a non-const lvalue, ``real(a)`` is an non-const lvalue reference, to which
@@ -418,41 +419,41 @@ Reducers accumulate values of tensor expressions along specified axes. When no a
 values are accumulated along all axes. Reducers are lazy, meaning that returned expressions don't
 hold any values and are computed upon access or assignment.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.sum(a, axis=[0, 1])``                    | ``xt::sum(a, {0, 1})``                        |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.sum(a, axis=1)``                         | ``xt::sum(a, 1)``                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.sum(a)``                                 | ``xt::sum(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.prod(a, axis=[0, 1])``                   | ``xt::prod(a, {0, 1})``                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.prod(a, axis=1)``                        | ``xt::prod(a, 1)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.prod(a)``                                | ``xt::prod(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.mean(a, axis=[0, 1])``                   | ``xt::mean(a, {0, 1})``                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.mean(a, axis=1)``                        | ``xt::mean(a, 1)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.mean(a)``                                | ``xt::mean(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.std(a, [axis])``                         | ``xt::stddev(a, [axis])``                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.var(a, [axis])``                         | ``xt::variance(a, [axis])``                   |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.trapz(a, dx=2.0, axis=-1)``              | ``xt::trapz(a, 2.0, -1)``                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.trapz(a, x=b, axis=-1)``                 | ``xt::trapz(a, b, -1)``                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.count_nonzero(a, axis=[0, 1])``          | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, {0, 1})``              |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.count_nonzero(a, axis=1)``               | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, 1)``                   |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.count_nonzero(a)``                       | ``xt::count_nonzero(a)``                      |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.sum(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.sum>`                          | ``xt::sum(a, {0, 1})``                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.sum(a, axis=1) <numpy.sum>`                               | ``xt::sum(a, 1)``                                                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.sum(a) <numpy.sum>`                                       | ``xt::sum(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.prod(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.prod>`                        | ``xt::prod(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.prod(a, axis=1) <numpy.prod>`                             | ``xt::prod(a, 1)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.prod(a) <numpy.prod>`                                     | ``xt::prod(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.mean(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.mean>`                        | ``xt::mean(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.mean(a, axis=1) <numpy.mean>`                             | ``xt::mean(a, 1)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.mean(a) <numpy.mean>`                                     | ``xt::mean(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.std(a, [axis]) <numpy.std>`                               | ``xt::stddev(a, [axis])``                                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.var(a, [axis]) <numpy.var>`                               | ``xt::variance(a, [axis])``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.trapz(a, dx=2.0, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`                  | ``xt::trapz(a, 2.0, -1)``                                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.trapz(a, x=b, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`                     | ``xt::trapz(a, b, -1)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.count_nonzero>`      | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, {0, 1})``                                   |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=1) <numpy.count_nonzero>`           | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, 1)``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a) <numpy.count_nonzero>`                   | ``xt::count_nonzero(a)``                                           |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 More generally, one can use the ``xt::reduce(function, input, axes)`` which allows the specification
 of an arbitrary binary function for the reduction. The binary function must be commutative and
@@ -465,31 +466,31 @@ I/O
 
 These options determine the way floating point numbers, tensors and other xtensor expressions are displayed.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.set_printoptions(precision=4)``          | ``xt::print_options::set_precision(4)``       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.set_printoptions(threshold=5)``          | ``xt::print_options::set_threshold(5)``       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=3)``          | ``xt::print_options::set_edgeitems(3)``       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.set_printoptions(linewidth=100)``        | ``xt::print_options::set_line_width(100)``    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.set_printoptions(precision=4) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | ``xt::print_options::set_precision(4)``                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.set_printoptions(threshold=5) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | ``xt::print_options::set_threshold(5)``                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=3) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | ``xt::print_options::set_edgeitems(3)``                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.set_printoptions(linewidth=100) <numpy.set_printoptions>` | ``xt::print_options::set_line_width(100)``                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Reading npy, csv file formats**
 
 Functions ``load_csv`` and ``dump_csv`` respectively take input and output streams as arguments.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.load(filename)``                         | ``xt::load_npy<double>(filename)``            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.save(filename, arr)``                    | ``xt::dump_npy(filename, arr)``               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.load_txt(filename, delimiter=',')``      | ``xt::load_csv<double>(stream)``              |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.load(filename) <numpy.load>`                              | ``xt::load_npy<double>(filename)``                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.save(filename, arr) <numpy.save>`                         | ``xt::dump_npy(filename, arr)``                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.loadtxt(filename, delimiter=',') <numpy.loadtxt>`         | ``xt::load_csv<double>(stream)``                                   |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Mathematical functions
 ----------------------
@@ -498,86 +499,86 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 
 **Basic functions:**
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.absolute(a)``                            | ``xt::abs(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.sign(a)``                                | ``xt::sign(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.remainder(a, b)``                        | ``xt::remainder(a, b)``                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.minimum(a, b)``                          | ``xt::minimum(a, b)``                         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.maximum(a, b)``                          | ``xt::maximum(a, b)``                         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.clip(a, min, max)``                      | ``xt::clip(a, min, max)``                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|                                               | ``xt::fma(a, b, c)``                          |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right])``      | ``xt::interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right])``     |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.rad2deg(a)``                             | ``xt::rad2deg(a)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.degrees(a)``                             | ``xt::degrees(a)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.deg2rad(a)``                             | ``xt::deg2rad(a)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.radians(a)``                             | ``xt::radians(a)``                            |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.absolute(a) <numpy.absolute>`                             | ``xt::abs(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.sign(a) <numpy.sign>`                                     | ``xt::sign(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.remainder(a, b) <numpy.remainder>`                        | ``xt::remainder(a, b)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.minimum(a, b) <numpy.minimum>`                            | ``xt::minimum(a, b)``                                              |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.maximum(a, b) <numpy.maximum>`                            | ``xt::maximum(a, b)``                                              |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.clip(a, min, max) <numpy.clip>`                           | ``xt::clip(a, min, max)``                                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                                    | ``xt::fma(a, b, c)``                                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right]) <numpy.interp>`         | ``xt::interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right])``                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.rad2deg(a) <numpy.rad2deg>`                               | ``xt::rad2deg(a)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.degrees(a) <numpy.degrees>`                               | ``xt::degrees(a)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.deg2rad(a) <numpy.deg2rad>`                               | ``xt::deg2rad(a)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.radians(a) <numpy.radians>`                               | ``xt::radians(a)``                                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Exponential functions:**
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.exp(a)``                                 | ``xt::exp(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.expm1(a)``                               | ``xt::expm1(a)``                              |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.log(a)``                                 | ``xt::log(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.log1p(a)``                               | ``xt::log1p(a)``                              |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.exp(a) <numpy.exp>`                                       | ``xt::exp(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.expm1(a) <numpy.expm1>`                                   | ``xt::expm1(a)``                                                   |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.log(a) <numpy.log>`                                       | ``xt::log(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.log1p(a) <numpy.log1p>`                                   | ``xt::log1p(a)``                                                   |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Power functions:**
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.power(a, p)``                            | ``xt::pow(a, b)``                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.sqrt(a)``                                | ``xt::sqrt(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.square(a)``                              | ``xt::square(a)``                             |
-|                                               | ``xt::cube(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.cbrt(a)``                                | ``xt::cbrt(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.power(a, p) <numpy.power>`                                | ``xt::pow(a, b)``                                                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.sqrt(a) <numpy.sqrt>`                                     | ``xt::sqrt(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.square(a) <numpy.square>`                                 | ``xt::square(a)``                                                  |
+|                                                                    | ``xt::cube(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.cbrt(a) <numpy.cbrt>`                                     | ``xt::cbrt(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Trigonometric functions:**
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.sin(a)``                                 | ``xt::sin(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.cos(a)``                                 | ``xt::cos(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.tan(a)``                                 | ``xt::tan(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.sin(a) <numpy.sin>`                                       | ``xt::sin(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.cos(a) <numpy.cos>`                                       | ``xt::cos(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.tan(a) <numpy.tan>`                                       | ``xt::tan(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Hyperbolic functions:**
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.sinh(a)``                                | ``xt::sinh(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.cosh(a)``                                | ``xt::cosh(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.tanh(a)``                                | ``xt::tanh(a)``                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.sinh(a) <numpy.sinh>`                                     | ``xt::sinh(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.cosh(a) <numpy.cosh>`                                     | ``xt::cosh(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.tanh(a) <numpy.tanh>`                                     | ``xt::tanh(a)``                                                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Error and gamma functions:**
 
@@ -593,46 +594,47 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 
 **Classification functions:**
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``np.isnan(a)``                               | ``xt::isnan(a)``                              |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.isinf(a)``                               | ``xt::isinf(a)``                              |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.isfinite(a)``                            | ``xt::isfinite(a)``                           |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.searchsorted(a, v[, side])``             | ``xt::searchsorted(a, v[, right])``           |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.isnan(a) <numpy.isnan>`                                   | ``xt::isnan(a)``                                                   |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.isinf(a) <numpy.isinf>`                                   | ``xt::isinf(a)``                                                   |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.isfinite(a) <numpy.isfinite>`                             | ``xt::isfinite(a)``                                                |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.searchsorted(a, v[, side]) <numpy.searchsorted>`          | ``xt::searchsorted(a, v[, right])``                                |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Histogram:**
 
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|                           Python 3 - numpy                                    |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
-+===============================================================================+================================================================================+
-| ``np.histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density])``                               | ``xt::histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density])``                               |
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode])`` | ``xt::histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode])`` |
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.bincount(arr)``                                                          | ``xt::bincount(arr)``                                                          |
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.digitize(data, bin_edges[, right])``                                     | ``xt::digitize(data, bin_edges[, right][, assume_sorted])``                    |
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                           Python 3 - numpy                                                                   |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                                                   |
++==============================================================================================================+==============================================================================================================+
+| :any:`np.histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density]) <numpy.histogram>`                                         | ``xt::histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density])``                                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode]) <numpy.histogram_bin_edges>` | ``xt::histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode])``                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.bincount(arr) <numpy.bincount>`                                                                     | ``xt::bincount(arr)``                                                                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.digitize(data, bin_edges[, right]) <numpy.digitize>`                                                | ``xt::digitize(data, bin_edges[, right][, assume_sorted])``                                                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 See :ref:`histogram`.
 
 **Numerical constants:**
 
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|                           Python 3 - numpy                                    |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
-+===============================================================================+================================================================================+
-| ``np.pi``                                                                     | ``xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;``                                         |
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                           Python 3 - numpy                         |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                         |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`numpy.pi`                                                    | ``xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;``                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Linear algebra
 --------------
 
-Many functions found in the ``numpy.linalg`` module are implemented in `xtensor-blas`_, a separate package offering BLAS and LAPACK bindings, as well as a convenient interface replicating the ``linalg`` module.
+Many functions found in the :any:`numpy.linalg` module are implemented in `xtensor-blas`_, a separate package offering BLAS and LAPACK bindings,
+as well as a convenient interface replicating the ``linalg`` module.
 
 Please note, however, that while we're trying to be as close to NumPy as possible, some features are not
 implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except for ``dot``.
@@ -640,83 +642,83 @@ implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except
 
 **Matrix, vector and tensor products**
 
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
-|              Python 3 - numpy               |               C++ 14 - xtensor                    |
-+=============================================+===================================================+
-| ``np.dot(a, b)``                            | ``xt::linalg::dot(a, b)``                         |
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.vdot(a, b)``                           | ``xt::linalg::vdot(a, b)``                        |
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.outer(a, b)``                          | ``xt::linalg::outer(a, b)``                       |
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.matrix_power(a, 123)``                 | ``xt::linalg::matrix_power(a, 123)``              |
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.kron(a, b)``                           | ``xt::linalg::kron(a, b)``                        |
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.tensordot(a, b, axes=3)``              | ``xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, 3)``                |
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
-| ``np.tensordot(a, b, axes=((0,2),(1,3))``   | ``xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, {0, 2}, {1, 3})``   |
-+---------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|              Python 3 - numpy                                      |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.dot(a, b) <numpy.dot>`                                    | ``xt::linalg::dot(a, b)``                                          |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.vdot(a, b) <numpy.vdot>`                                  | ``xt::linalg::vdot(a, b)``                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.outer(a, b) <numpy.outer>`                                | ``xt::linalg::outer(a, b)``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.matrix_power(a, 123) <numpy.linalg.matrix_power>`  | ``xt::linalg::matrix_power(a, 123)``                               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.kron(a, b) <numpy.kron>`                                  | ``xt::linalg::kron(a, b)``                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.tensordot(a, b, axes=3) <numpy.tensordot>`                | ``xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, 3)``                                 |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.tensordot(a, b, axes=((0,2),(1,3)) <numpy.tensordot>`     | ``xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, {0, 2}, {1, 3})``                    |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 
 **Decompositions**
 
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-|       Python 3 - numpy      |       C++ 14 - xtensor      |
-+=============================+=============================+
-| ``np.linalg.cholesky(a)``   | ``xt::linalg::cholesky(a)`` |
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.qr(a)``         | ``xt::linalg::qr(a)``       |
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.svd(a)``        | ``xt::linalg::svd(a)``      |
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|       Python 3 - numpy                                             |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.linalg.cholesky(a) <numpy.linalg.cholesky>`               | ``xt::linalg::cholesky(a)``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.qr(a) <numpy.linalg.qr>`                           | ``xt::linalg::qr(a)``                                              |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.svd(a) <numpy.linalg.svd>`                         | ``xt::linalg::svd(a)``                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 
 **Matrix eigenvalues**
 
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-|       Python 3 - numpy      |       C++ 14 - xtensor      |
-+=============================+=============================+
-| ``np.linalg.eig(a)``        | ``xt::linalg::eig(a)``      |
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.eigvals(a)``    | ``xt::linalg::eigvals(a)``  |
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.eigh(a)``       | ``xt::linalg::eigh(a)``     |
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.eigvalsh(a)``   | ``xt::linalg::eigvalsh(a)`` |
-+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|       Python 3 - numpy                                             |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.linalg.eig(a) <numpy.linalg.eig>`                         | ``xt::linalg::eig(a)``                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.eigvals(a) <numpy.linalg.eigvals>`                 | ``xt::linalg::eigvals(a)``                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.eigh(a) <numpy.linalg.eigh>`                       | ``xt::linalg::eigh(a)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.eigvalsh(a) <numpy.linalg.eigvalsh>`               | ``xt::linalg::eigvalsh(a)``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Norms and other numbers**
 
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-|        Python 3 - numpy        |        C++ 14 - xtensor        |
-+================================+================================+
-| ``np.linalg.norm(a, order=2)`` | ``xt::linalg::norm(a, 2)``     |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.cond(a)``          | ``xt::linalg::cond(a)``        |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.det(a)``           | ``xt::linalg::det(a)``         |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.matrix_rank(a)``   | ``xt::linalg::matrix_rank(a)`` |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.slogdet(a)``       | ``xt::linalg::slogdet(a)``     |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.trace(a)``                | ``xt::linalg::trace(a)``       |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|        Python 3 - numpy                                            |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                            |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.linalg.norm(a, order=2) <numpy.linalg.norm>`              | ``xt::linalg::norm(a, 2)``                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.cond(a) <numpy.linalg.cond>`                       | ``xt::linalg::cond(a)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.det(a) <numpy.linalg.det>`                         | ``xt::linalg::det(a)``                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.matrix_rank(a) <numpy.linalg.matrix_rank>`         | ``xt::linalg::matrix_rank(a)``                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.slogdet(a) <numpy.linalg.slogdet>`                 | ``xt::linalg::slogdet(a)``                                         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.trace(a) <numpy.trace>`                                   | ``xt::linalg::trace(a)``                                           |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Solving equations and inverting matrices**
 
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-|        Python 3 - numpy        |        C++ 14 - xtensor        |
-+================================+================================+
-| ``np.linalg.inv(a)``           | ``xt::linalg::inv(a)``         |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.pinv(a)``          | ``xt::linalg::pinv(a)``        |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.solve(A, b)``      | ``xt::linalg::solve(A, b)``    |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| ``np.linalg.lstsq(A, b)``      | ``xt::linalg::lstsq(A, b)``    |
-+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|        Python 3 - numpy                                            |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                            |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`np.linalg.inv(a) <numpy.linalg.inv>`                         | ``xt::linalg::inv(a)``                                             |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.pinv(a) <numpy.linalg.pinv>`                       | ``xt::linalg::pinv(a)``                                            |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.solve(A, b) <numpy.linalg.solve>`                  | ``xt::linalg::solve(A, b)``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.linalg.lstsq(A, b) <numpy.linalg.lstsq>`                  | ``xt::linalg::lstsq(A, b)``                                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 
 .. _`xtensor-blas`: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-blas
diff --git a/docs/source/operator.rst b/docs/source/operator.rst
index c4c057854..b6c2566e6 100644
--- a/docs/source/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/operator.rst
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ and an element-wise ternary function (similar to the ``: ?`` ternary operator):
     xt::xarray<int> res = xt::where(b, a1, a2);
     // => res = { 11, 2, 3, 14 }
 
-Unlike in ``numpy.where``, ``xt::where`` takes full advantage of the lazyness
+Unlike in :any:`numpy.where`, ``xt::where`` takes full advantage of the lazyness
 of `xtensor`.
 
 Comparison operators
diff --git a/docs/source/random.rst b/docs/source/random.rst
index cbfec9fc4..ab8dfad04 100644
--- a/docs/source/random.rst
+++ b/docs/source/random.rst
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ where :math:`\alpha` is the shape (also known as :math:`k`) and :math:`\beta` th
 
 .. seealso::
 
-    *   `numpy.random.gamma <https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.gamma.html?highlight=gamma#numpy.random.gamma>`_
+    *   :any:`numpy.random.gamma`
     *   `std::gamma_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/gamma_distribution>`_
     *   `Weisstein, Eric W. "Gamma Distribution." From MathWorld – A Wolfram Web Resource. <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaDistribution.html>`_
     *   `Wikipedia, "Gamma distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution>`_
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Note that you can specify only :math:`a` while choosing the default for :math:`b
 
 .. seealso::
 
-    *   `numpy.random.weibull <https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.weibull.html?highlight=weibull#numpy.random.weibull>`_
+    *   :any:`numpy.random.weibull`
     *   `std::weibull_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/weibull_distribution>`_
     *   `Wikipedia, "Weibull distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibull_distribution>`_
 

From 997ad0b8984f2595d2eb54784d741e40b42f7949 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 24 Jan 2021 12:30:30 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 198/606] Add cross references to Scipy

---
 docs/source/conf.py   |  5 ++++-
 docs/source/numpy.rst | 18 +++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 74870cd47..d4823ec4e 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -42,4 +42,7 @@ def setup(app):
 
 # Automatically link to numpy doc
 extensions += ['sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
-intersphinx_mapping = { "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None), }
+intersphinx_mapping = {
+    "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None),
+    "scipy": ("https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference", None),
+}
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 83bf919eb..b506d333e 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -582,15 +582,15 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 
 **Error and gamma functions:**
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor               |
-+===============================================+===============================================+
-| ``scipy.special.erf(a)``                      | ``xt::erf(a)``                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``scipy.special.gamma(a)``                    | ``xt::tgamma(a)``                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
-| ``scipy.special.gammaln(a)``                  | ``xt::lgamma(a)``                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
++====================================================================+====================================================================+
+| :any:`scipy.special.erf(a) <scipy.special.erf>`                    | ``xt::erf(a)``                                                     |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`scipy.special.gamma(a) <scipy.special.gamma>`                | ``xt::tgamma(a)``                                                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`scipy.special.gammaln(a) <scipy.special.gammaln>`            | ``xt::lgamma(a)``                                                  |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Classification functions:**
 

From 07843f699eda7a484f5373c32efbd27b62f4bef6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 24 Jan 2021 13:09:06 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 199/606] Add extra random::choice arguments to numpy
 comparison sheet

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst | 34 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index b506d333e..503c0ace4 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -178,23 +178,23 @@ Random
 The random module provides simple ways to create random tensor expressions, lazily.
 See :any:`numpy.random` and :ref:`xtensor random <random>` page.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.random.seed(0) <numpy.random.seed>`                       | ``xt::random::seed(0)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.randn(10, 10) <numpy.random.randn>`                | ``xt::random::randn<double>({10, 10})``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.randint(10, 10) <numpy.random.randint>`            | ``xt::random::randint<int>({10, 10})``                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.rand(3, 4) <numpy.random.rand>`                    | ``xt::random::rand<double>({3, 4})``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.choice(arr, 5) <numpy.random.choice>`              | ``xt::random::choice(arr, 5)``                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.shuffle(arr) <numpy.random.shuffle>`               | ``xt::random::shuffle(arr)``                                       |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.permutation(30) <numpy.random.permutation>`        | ``xt::random::permutation(30)``                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|            Python 3 - numpy                                                 |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
++=============================================================================+=============================================================================+
+| :any:`np.random.seed(0) <numpy.random.seed>`                                | ``xt::random::seed(0)``                                                     |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.randn(10, 10) <numpy.random.randn>`                         | ``xt::random::randn<double>({10, 10})``                                     |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.randint(10, 10) <numpy.random.randint>`                     | ``xt::random::randint<int>({10, 10})``                                      |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.rand(3, 4) <numpy.random.rand>`                             | ``xt::random::rand<double>({3, 4})``                                        |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.choice(arr, 5[, replace][, p]) <numpy.random.choice>`       | ``xt::random::choice(arr, 5[, weights][, replace])``                        |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.shuffle(arr) <numpy.random.shuffle>`                        | ``xt::random::shuffle(arr)``                                                |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :any:`np.random.permutation(30) <numpy.random.permutation>`                 | ``xt::random::permutation(30)``                                             |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Concatenation, splitting, squeezing
 -----------------------------------

From 7c37f4b42e2756be8f300f9778f9dc8c08f48770 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 2021 09:25:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 200/606] fix simd_assign trait fix xstrided_container layout
 test simd_linear_assign trait of flatten

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  8 +++-----
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp    | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index d22686c42..73ab01a32 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ namespace xt
         using traits = xassign_traits<E1, E2>;
 
         bool linear_assign = traits::linear_assign(de1, de2, trivial);
-        constexpr bool simd_assign = traits::simd_linear_assign();
+        constexpr bool simd_assign = traits::simd_assign();
         constexpr bool simd_linear_assign = traits::simd_linear_assign();
         constexpr bool simd_strided_assign = traits::simd_strided_assign();
         if (linear_assign)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index d6d3c9b82..5195ff6f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -912,14 +912,12 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t dim = shape.size();
         if (m_shape.size() != dim || !std::equal(std::begin(shape), std::end(shape), std::begin(m_shape)) || force)
         {
-            if (D::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic && m_layout == layout_type::dynamic)
-            {
-                m_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT;  // fall back to default layout
-            }
+            layout_type layout = (D::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic && m_layout == layout_type::dynamic) ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT : m_layout;
             m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S>(shape);
+
             resize_container(m_strides, dim);
             resize_container(m_backstrides, dim);
-            size_type data_size = compute_strides<D::static_layout>(m_shape, m_layout, m_strides, m_backstrides);
+            size_type data_size = compute_strides<D::static_layout>(m_shape, layout, m_strides, m_backstrides);
             detail::resize_data_container(this->storage(), data_size);
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index 27b29e480..c2ede538a 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -137,6 +137,34 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(iter, view.end());
     }
 
+    TEST(xmanipulation, flatten_simd_linear_assign_trait)
+    {
+        xtensor<double, 3> a = linspace<double>(1., 100., 100).reshape({2, 5, 10});
+        auto v = view(a, range(0, 2), range(0, 3), range(0, 3));
+
+        {
+            auto e = flatten<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(a);
+            xtensor<double, 1> fl = e;
+            using assign_traits = xassign_traits<decltype(fl), decltype(e)>;
+        
+        #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign(fl, e));
+        #else
+            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign(fl, e));
+        #endif
+        }
+
+        {
+            auto e = flatten<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(v);
+            xtensor<double, 1> fl = e;
+            using assign_traits = xassign_traits<decltype(fl), decltype(e)>;
+            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign(fl, e));
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xmanipulation, flatnonzero)
     {
         xt::xtensor<int, 1> a = arange(-2, 3);

From 39dc1d70b1e36ff42173b3614b2ffe70fff465e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: WANG Lei <wlbksy@126.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Feb 2021 15:25:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 201/606] fix -Werror error

---
 include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp | 5 ++---
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp     | 9 ++++-----
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp      | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
index 295afacbd..716252b6b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -198,11 +198,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto accumulator_impl(F&& f, E&& e, std::size_t axis, evaluation_strategy::immediate_type)
         {
             using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
-            using init_functor_type = typename F::init_functor_type;
             using accumulate_functor_type = typename F::accumulate_functor_type;
             using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
             //using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
-            
+
             using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>()(std::declval<init_type>(),
                                                                                               std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ namespace xt
                 inner_loop_size = inner_loop_size - inner_stride;
 
                 // activate the init loop if we have an init function other than identity
-                if (!std::is_same<std::decay_t<typename F::init_functor_type>, 
+                if (!std::is_same<std::decay_t<typename F::init_functor_type>,
                                   typename detail::accumulator_identity<init_type>>::value)
                 {
                     accumulator_init_with_f(xt::get<1>(f), result, axis);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index 5e4489991..d38fc73e0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
     private:
-        
+
         // Workaround for clang-cl
         const base_type& upcast() const
         {
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ namespace xt
         using merge_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::merge_functor_type;
         using substepper_type = typename xexpression_type::const_stepper;
         using raw_value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
-                                                            std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), 
+                                                            std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
                                                             *std::declval<substepper_type>())
                                                     )>;
         using value_type = typename detail::evaluated_value_type_t<raw_value_type, is_xexpression<raw_value_type>::value>;
@@ -851,12 +851,11 @@ namespace xt
 
             using reduce_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::reduce_functor_type;
             using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
-            using init_value_type = typename init_functor_type::value_type;
             using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
                 std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
                 *std::declval<typename std::decay_t<E>::const_stepper>()))>;
             using evaluated_value_type = evaluated_value_type_t<value_type, is_xexpression<value_type>::value>;
-            
+
             using reducer_type = xreducer<F, const_xclosure_t<E>, xtl::const_closure_type_t<decltype(normalized_axes)>, reducer_options<evaluated_value_type, std::decay_t<O>>>;
             return reducer_type(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<decltype(normalized_axes)>(normalized_axes), std::forward<O>(options));
         }
@@ -1091,7 +1090,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 return const_value<U>(t.m_value);
             }
-        };        
+        };
     }
 
     /*******************************************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index ab1c0d832..8453972cb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ namespace xt
         , m_repeats(std::forward<R>(repeats))
         , m_shape(e.shape())
     {
-        using value_type = typename shape_type::value_type;
-        m_shape[axis] = static_cast<value_type>(std::accumulate(m_repeats.begin(), m_repeats.end(), 0));
+        using shape_value_type = typename shape_type::value_type;
+        m_shape[axis] = static_cast<shape_value_type>(std::accumulate(m_repeats.begin(), m_repeats.end(), 0));
     }
 
     /**

From e4d43ad8abdae29f8868251a26aba90ae439264b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mario Emmenlauer <memmenlauer@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Wed, 3 Feb 2021 09:52:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 202/606] test/test_xrandom.cpp: Disabled failling tests also
 for Clang on Linux (like MSVC and OS X)

---
 test/test_xrandom.cpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index 4c2b5a16d..0b7eb1810 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -203,9 +203,9 @@ namespace xt
         auto ar = a;
 
         xt::random::seed(123);
-        // Unfortunately MSVC & OS X seem to produce different shuffles even though the
-        // generated integer sequence should be the same ...
-#ifdef __linux__
+        // Unfortunately MSVC, OS X, and Clang on Linux seem to produce different
+        // shuffles even though the generated integer sequence should be the same ...
+#if defined(__linux__) && (!defined(__clang__) || (__clang_major__ < 11))
         xt::random::shuffle(a);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(ar, keep(0, 1, 2)), a);
         xt::random::shuffle(a);

From 4205a0cfdf59b7f80301c76afed17f83fc5aa1dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: WANG Lei <wlbksy@126.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Feb 2021 18:58:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 203/606] fix more on -Wunused-local-typedef warning

---
 include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp | 7 +++----
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp     | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
index 981791f48..30b70910c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ namespace xt
         auto derive_xstrided_view(CT&& e, typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type axis, typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type offset)
         {
             using xexpression_type = std::decay_t<CT>;
-            using size_type = typename xexpression_type::size_type;
             using shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
             using strides_type = typename xexpression_type::strides_type;
 
@@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Checks equality of the xaxis_slice_iterator and \c rhs.
      *
-     * @param 
+     * @param
      * @return true if the iterators are equivalent, false otherwise
      */
     template <class CT>
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @param e the expession to iterate over
      * @param axis the axis to iterate over
-     * @return an instance of xaxis_iterator 
+     * @return an instance of xaxis_iterator
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto axis_begin(E&& e, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type axis)
@@ -320,7 +319,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @param e the expession to iterate over
      * @param axis the axis to iterate over
-     * @return an instance of xaxis_iterator 
+     * @return an instance of xaxis_iterator
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto axis_end(E&& e, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type axis)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index fa23b6914..08c1ea9b8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -494,10 +494,12 @@ namespace xt
             return n;
         }
 
+        #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
 
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::all(weights >= static_cast<value_type>(0)));
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::sum(weights)() > static_cast<value_type>(0));
+        #endif
 
         xt::xtensor<double, 1> P = xt::cast<double>(weights) / static_cast<double>(xt::sum(weights)());
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> n = xt::ceil(static_cast<double>(N) * P);

From ed3cab15994549346aa420d29ff8bae131c3d947 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Feb 2021 17:37:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 204/606] Release 0.23.1

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 14 ++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cf503d9ee..fc5c36a00 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.21.10  | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 4692b701a..cd3e1c75d 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.1
+------
+
+- Fix compilation warnings on unused local typedefs
+  `#2295 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2295`
+- Disable a failing shuffle test for clang
+  `#2294 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2294`
+- Fix simd assign_data
+  `#2292 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2292`
+- Fix -Wshadow and -Wunused-local-typedef warning
+  `#2293 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2293`
+- Documentation improvement Part #B
+  `#2287 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2287`
+
 0.23.0
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 3b9b54697..f4dd7696d 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.0
+  - xtensor=0.23.1
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.0
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 06a554b55..13ff38952 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 1
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 39bb41cfffacf5b0bc41e9cb08b2d95d0b7b64b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philip Thong <philip.thong@ni.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Feb 2021 19:15:22 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 205/606] Wrapped linker flags in quotes

---
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 3ee005766..926821464 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel"
   endif()
 elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /MP /bigobj")
-  set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS ${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO)
+  set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO")
   add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
   add_definitions(-D_SILENCE_TR1_NAMESPACE_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
   if (XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)

From d7d5e89cf041199e55b9343dfd24b98a950e5159 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 2021 21:01:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 206/606] Fix linspace endpoint bug

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp       | 13 +++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 9cc865f13..5658558b9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace xt
         // These methods should be private methods of arange_generator, however thi leads
         // to ICE on VS2015
         template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<X>)>
-        inline void arange_assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, U start, X step) noexcept
+        inline void arange_assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, U start, U, X step, bool) noexcept
         {
             auto& de = e.derived_cast();
             U value = start;
@@ -204,15 +204,20 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
-        inline void arange_assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, U start, X step) noexcept
+        inline void arange_assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, U start, U stop, X step, bool endpoint) noexcept
         {
             auto& buf = e.derived_cast().storage();
             using size_type = decltype(buf.size());
             using mult_type = get_mult_type<U, X>;
-            for(size_type i = 0; i < buf.size(); ++i)
+            size_type num = buf.size();
+            for(size_type i = 0; i < num; ++i)
             {
                 buf[i] = static_cast<R>(start + step * mult_type(i));
             }
+            if (num > 0 && endpoint)
+            {
+                buf[num-1] = static_cast<R>(stop);
+            }
         }
 
         template <class T, class R = T, class S = T>
@@ -223,8 +228,8 @@ namespace xt
             using value_type = R;
             using step_type = S;
 
-            arange_generator(T start, T stop, S step)
-                : m_start(start), m_stop(stop), m_step(step)
+            arange_generator(T start, T stop, S step, size_t num_steps, bool endpoint=false)
+                : m_start(start), m_stop(stop), m_step(step), m_num_steps(num_steps), m_endpoint(endpoint)
             {
             }
 
@@ -237,15 +242,13 @@ namespace xt
             template <class It>
             inline R element(It first, It) const
             {
-                // Avoids warning when T = char (because char + char => int!)
-                using mult_type = get_mult_type<T, S>;
-                return static_cast<R>(m_start + m_step * mult_type(*first));
+                return access_impl(*first);
             }
 
             template <class E>
             inline void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const noexcept
             {
-                arange_assign_to<R>(e, m_start, m_step);
+                arange_assign_to<R>(e, m_start, m_stop, m_step, m_endpoint);
             }
 
         private:
@@ -253,10 +256,17 @@ namespace xt
             T m_start;
             T m_stop;
             step_type m_step;
+            size_t m_num_steps;
+            bool m_endpoint; // true for setting the last element to m_stop
 
             template <class T1, class... Args>
             inline R access_impl(T1 t, Args...) const
             {
+                if (m_endpoint && m_num_steps > 1 && size_t(t) == m_num_steps - 1)
+                {
+                    return static_cast<R>(m_stop);
+                }
+                // Avoids warning when T = char (because char + char => int!)
                 using mult_type = get_mult_type<T, S>;
                 return static_cast<R>(m_start + m_step * mult_type(t));
             }
@@ -280,7 +290,7 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto arange_impl(T start, T stop, S step = 1) noexcept
         {
             std::size_t shape = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::ceil((stop - start) / step));
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step), {shape});
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step, shape), {shape});
         }
 
         template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(integer_with_signed_integer<T, S>)>
@@ -293,7 +303,7 @@ namespace xt
                 shape = stop > start ? static_cast<std::size_t>((stop - start + step - S(1)) / step)
                                      : static_cast<std::size_t>((start - stop - step - S(1)) / -step);
             }
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step), {shape});
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step, shape), {shape});
         }
 
         template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(integer_with_unsigned_integer<T, S>)>
@@ -305,7 +315,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 shape = static_cast<std::size_t>((stop - start + step - S(1)) / step);
             }
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step), { shape });
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step, shape), { shape });
         }
 
         template <class F>
@@ -446,7 +456,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using fp_type = std::common_type_t<T, double>;
         fp_type step = fp_type(stop - start) / std::fmax(fp_type(1), fp_type(num_samples - (endpoint ? 1 : 0)));
-        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<fp_type, T>(fp_type(start), fp_type(stop), step), {num_samples});
+        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<fp_type, T>(fp_type(start), fp_type(stop), step, num_samples, endpoint), {num_samples});
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 042e89793..d9e415eb1 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -271,6 +271,13 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(m_assigned(3), at_3);
     }
 
+    TEST(xbuilder, linspace_endpoint)
+    {
+        double at_end = 99.78730976641236;
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> ls = linspace<double>(0., at_end, 100);
+        ASSERT_EQ(ls(99), at_end);
+    }
+
     TEST(xbuilder, linspace_integer)
     {
         xarray<int> ls = linspace<int>(0, 10, 13);
@@ -686,8 +693,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xbuilder, linspace_double)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::linspace(0., 100.);
-        auto b = xt::linspace(0., 100.);
+        // access_imp will also be tested here
+        double at_end = 99.78730976641236;
+        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
+        auto b = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 }

From 4875aac3cbff337503eee31dcd1b7d742503fefa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 2021 14:48:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 207/606] Publishing doxygen docs to GitHub pages

---
 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 .gitignore                     |  4 +++
 README.md                      |  1 +
 docs/Doxyfile                  | 30 ++++++++++++++--------
 docs/environment.yaml          |  4 +++
 5 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
 create mode 100644 docs/environment.yaml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b2b726ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+name: gh-pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+
+jobs:
+
+  publish:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Basic GitHub action setup
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Set conda environment "test"
+      uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
+      with:
+        mamba-version: "*"
+        channels: conda-forge,defaults
+        channel-priority: true
+        environment-file: docs/environment.yaml
+        activate-environment: test
+        auto-activate-base: false
+
+    - name: Run doxygen
+      working-directory: docs
+      run: doxygen
+
+    - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+      if: success()
+      uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-pages@v2
+      with:
+        target_branch: gh-pages
+        build_dir: docs/html
+        jekyll: false
+        keep_history: false
+      env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index fa2b2e104..80fa14348 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Doxygen output
+docs/html/
+docs/xml/
+
 # Prerequisites
 *.d
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fc5c36a00..fc61ee648 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 [![Azure](https://dev.azure.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-stack/_apis/build/status/xtensor-stack.xtensor?branchName=master)](https://dev.azure.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-stack/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=master)
 [![Coverity](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/18335/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/xtensor)
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+[![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)
 [![Join the Gitter Chat](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/QuantStack/Lobby?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 
diff --git a/docs/Doxyfile b/docs/Doxyfile
index 7be35f477..456ed6d87 100644
--- a/docs/Doxyfile
+++ b/docs/Doxyfile
@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
-PROJECT_NAME      = "xtensor"
-XML_OUTPUT        = xml
-INPUT             = missing_macro.hpp ../include
-GENERATE_LATEX    = NO
-GENERATE_MAN      = NO
-GENERATE_RTF      = NO
-CASE_SENSE_NAMES  = NO
-GENERATE_HTML     = NO
-GENERATE_XML      = YES
-RECURSIVE         = YES
-QUIET             = YES
+PROJECT_NAME = "xtensor"
+XML_OUTPUT = xml
+INPUT = missing_macro.hpp ../include
+GENERATE_LATEX = NO
+GENERATE_MAN = NO
+GENERATE_RTF = NO
+CASE_SENSE_NAMES = NO
+GENERATE_HTML = YES
+GENERATE_XML = YES
+RECURSIVE = YES
+QUIET = YES
 JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF = YES
 WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED = NO
 MACRO_EXPANSION = YES
 PREDEFINED = IN_DOXYGEN
+EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS = detail
+GENERATE_TREEVIEW = YES
+SOURCE_BROWSER = YES
+# WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED = YES
+
+# Allow for rst directives and advanced functions e.g. grid tables
+ALIASES  = "rst=\verbatim embed:rst:leading-asterisk"
+ALIASES += "endrst=\endverbatim"
diff --git a/docs/environment.yaml b/docs/environment.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cabaf57df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/environment.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+channels:
+  - conda-forge
+dependencies:
+  - doxygen

From 12f2840b25e6ed50bb2a9ce63dc6af39de45c9eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Feb 2021 19:54:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 208/606] Fix histogram bug with non equal bins

---
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp                | 20 ++++--
 .../cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy | 22 ++++++
 test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp             | 71 ++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 08c1ea9b8..7b8f75d4f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -58,8 +58,6 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.size() == data.size());
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(bin_edges.size() >= 2);
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(bin_edges.cbegin(), bin_edges.cend()));
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amin(data)[0] >= bin_edges[0]);
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::amax(data)[0] <= bin_edges[bin_edges.size() - 1]);
 
             size_t n_bins = bin_edges.size() - 1;
             xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> count = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n_bins });
@@ -93,10 +91,23 @@ namespace xt
 
                 for (auto& idx : sorter)
                 {
-                    while (data[idx] >= bin_edges[ibin + 1] && ibin < bin_edges.size() - 2)
+                    auto item = data[idx];
+
+                    if (item < bin_edges[0])
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (item > bin_edges[n_bins])
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    while (item >= bin_edges[ibin + 1] && ibin < n_bins - 1)
                     {
                         ++ibin;
                     }
+
                     count[ibin] += weights[idx];
                 }
             }
@@ -247,8 +258,7 @@ namespace xt
         // - size
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.size() == data.size());
         // - bounds
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(left <= xt::amin(data)[0]);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(right >= xt::amax(data)[0]);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(left <= right);
         // - non-empty
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(bins > std::size_t(0));
 
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
index 5b32915d4..7672805da 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
@@ -45,4 +45,26 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(prob, py_prob);
     }
+
+    /*py
+
+    a = (np.random.random(1000) * 51).astype(np.int)
+
+    count, bin_edges  = np.histogram(a, 30, (10, 40))
+
+    */
+    TEST(xtest_extended_histogram, histogram_with_range)
+    {
+        // py_a
+        // py_bin_edges
+        // py_count
+
+        auto bin_edges = xt::histogram_bin_edges(py_a, 10, 40, std::size_t(30));
+
+        auto count = xt::histogram(py_a, bin_edges);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<double>(bin_edges), py_bin_edges);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(count, xt::cast<double>(py_count));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
index 78d882bec..31f543620 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 *                                                                          *
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
+// This file is generated from the source file test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy by preprocess.py!
+// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Please modify the source file to change the test!
 
-// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy by preprocess.py!
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -101,5 +102,73 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(prob, py_prob);
     }
+
+    /*py
+
+    a = (np.random.random(1000) * 51).astype(np.int)
+
+    count, bin_edges  = np.histogram(a, 30, (10, 40))
+
+    */
+    TEST(xtest_extended_histogram, histogram_with_range)
+    {
+        // py_a
+        xarray<long> py_a = { 9,27,44,37,41,33,35,43,12,24,11,50,48, 2,35,47, 9,28,46, 1,35,15,47,49,
+                             48,24,43,43,16,42, 1,30,11, 6, 3,35,17,36, 3,16,27,40,16,31,45,31,11, 1,
+                             44, 1,44,26,47,40,50,17,39,20,24,32,44,50,39,21,21,37,12, 5,18,14,15,11,
+                              2, 0,50,21,19,34,11,48,40, 4,21,44,48,23,31, 8,50,11,48,33,30,26,11, 9,
+                             11, 9,39,17, 2,49,45,47,50, 8,20,38,35, 7,41,11,11,27,30,29, 4,44,13, 6,
+                             45,48,43,41,33,28, 4,20,19,13,36,25, 4,11,34, 3,43,25,24,30,42,17,34,28,
+                             13,44,40,33,43,44,36,42,35,34,31,38, 8,44,44, 1,42, 6,17,37, 8,41,42,25,
+                              0,14,31,50,32,13,32,27,39, 5,38,27,49,17,32,47, 5,47,35, 3,15,36, 3,29,
+                             17,31, 2,44,49,49,38, 6,38, 1, 1,16,24,39,34,22,13,50,21,23, 8,40,35,11,
+                              4,34,33,13,48, 7,22,48,21,32,20,13,50,20,45,11,10, 1,33,18,44,24,49, 9,
+                             44,39,39,43,38,31, 6, 1,46,31,40,24, 5, 6,34,21,10,25, 3,29,13,40,15,23,
+                              0, 3,20,24,30,14,35,43,39, 2,24, 5,12,50, 7,25,31,35,28, 0,16,26, 4,17,
+                              1, 4,20, 6,28,35,40,10, 8, 5,32,36, 1,47, 2,27,36,44,36,40,17,41, 4,45,
+                             27,41,23,32,26,37, 4, 3,12, 8,44,11,49,17, 9,40,33,25,28,36,11,50,49,33,
+                             10,34, 3, 1,13,23,44,37,37,21,17,18,50, 2,44,29,22,36,24,44,45,21,14,30,
+                             46,10,31,32,37, 6,36,46, 9,12,49, 9,43,25,12,44,22,26,18,30, 8,19,49,13,
+                             33,16,39, 6,49,23,12, 3, 8,26,17,42,21,12,31,36, 8, 8, 1,37,33,24,43,41,
+                             29,44,10, 5,13, 2,27,47, 2, 6,23,47,16,25, 2, 7,50,49, 0,48,32,44,23,26,
+                             24,34, 7, 1,15,35,10,34,49, 4,34,22,44, 9,35,42,48,34,25,31,44,29, 1,47,
+                             35,34,10,33,20,33, 5,33,50, 2,49,20,44,39,28,37,44,20,16,34,41,38,40,22,
+                             41, 6,27, 0,16,18,20,35,19,22,12,19,11, 3,30,34,31,23,19,44,26,24, 1,17,
+                             19,20,29,27,31,39,41,36,48, 0, 9, 0,33,45,12,47, 3,47,17, 5,24,13,14,15,
+                             40,27,15,31,36,13,21, 6, 9,34, 9,26,36, 5,28,13,49,24,41,28, 2,32,48,30,
+                             41,45,11,10,31,20,42,45,18,12,39,14,41,21,34, 4,31,23,29, 8,37,44,11, 4,
+                              1,32,30,27,11,19,30,25,50, 6,35,20,21,36,35,50, 6, 5,36,29,13, 4, 4,45,
+                              9,16,11,18, 3,26, 3,40,11,27,44,33,27,16,16,34,50,33,28,37,23, 3,28,48,
+                              8,35,10,27, 4,22,38,17,33,40,47,11,20, 7,50,47,27,42,26,31, 4,38, 6,42,
+                             39,36, 1,15,13,18, 4,47,28,15,20,22,30,26,46,25,50,43,10,47, 5,41,19,44,
+                             44,41,40,15, 4,20, 8,35,17,49,32,41, 6,43,47,24,30,39, 8,25,20, 7,18, 3,
+                              1, 6,49,28,49,22,15,25,22, 5,32,11,31,33, 7, 3,39,23, 2,50, 2,35,50,12,
+                              7, 6,15, 5,35, 3,25,50,41,31,15,31,26,21, 6,45,22, 9,18,21,42,37,39, 0,
+                             21,24, 0,13,38, 6,27,10, 0,12,49,40,48,24, 5,27,23,43, 5,24, 7,16,37,24,
+                             19,20,23,40,45,48,40,16,35,22,12,42, 1,45,23,32,33,45,32,31, 3,26, 7,37,
+                             26,34, 2, 4,36, 3, 3, 0,48,37,18,15,17,39,33, 9, 8, 5,33,38,13, 1, 4,49,
+                             15,39,31,19,10, 6,31,39,32,27, 2,49,40,14,49,30,29,38,41,33, 6,17,47,11,
+                             18,22,22,31,48,12, 6,10,45,32,14,41,43,43,46,12,38,23,42,37,39,33, 9,27,
+                             50,47, 2, 8, 6,37,41,10,25,42,37,27,30,25,15,28,35,44,32,38, 8,23, 0,12,
+                             37,50, 5,20,40,10,28,37,31, 9,18,39,28, 0,38, 1,38,10,48,18,16, 7,15,44,
+                             50,18,22,36,45,30,19,21,35, 0,31,18,40, 4,29,24,32, 3,29,28,28,30,34,41,
+                             13,42,25, 3, 2,17,40,36,40,26,22, 7,16,22, 4,11,30,37,50,47,32,21,32,40,
+                              6,20,42,19,29,29, 9,18,17, 1, 1,42,13,26,15,47,13,21,44,42, 9,40,23,24,
+                              6, 4,37,25,22,37,39, 8,31, 6,38,33,48, 3, 2,14};
+        // py_bin_edges
+        xarray<double> py_bin_edges = {10.,11.,12.,13.,14.,15.,16.,17.,18.,19.,20.,21.,22.,23.,24.,25.,26.,27.,
+                                       28.,29.,30.,31.,32.,33.,34.,35.,36.,37.,38.,39.,40.};
+        // py_count
+        xarray<long> py_count = {17,25,17,21, 9,18,16,20,17,13,21,19,19,18,22,18,17,21,18,14,18,28,21,24,
+                                 20,24,20,23,17,47};
+
+        auto bin_edges = xt::histogram_bin_edges(py_a, 10, 40, std::size_t(30));
+
+        auto count = xt::histogram(py_a, bin_edges);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<double>(bin_edges), py_bin_edges);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(count, xt::cast<double>(py_count));
+    }
 }
 

From f7baa309afab70485f378b42c6b22622b05ae7c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2021 11:04:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 209/606] Add warning in preprocess.py and modify LICENSE for
 cppy files

---
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy | 3 ++-
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy     | 3 ++-
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy   | 3 ++-
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy | 8 ++++++++
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy          | 3 ++-
 test/files/preprocess.py                                 | 5 ++++-
 6 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
index 5aab7afb0..0852d5e2a 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
 *                                                                          *
 * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
 *                                                                          *
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
index 7672805da..61139be9d 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
 *                                                                          *
 * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
 *                                                                          *
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy
index 6058e55d7..0dc17aa7a 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
 *                                                                          *
 * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
 *                                                                          *
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
index 4160f1bee..13aedd3ee 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
index f477a0dfe..187cc059f 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
 *                                                                          *
 * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
 *                                                                          *
diff --git a/test/files/preprocess.py b/test/files/preprocess.py
index b3a21abbd..adf02d22f 100644
--- a/test/files/preprocess.py
+++ b/test/files/preprocess.py
@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ def exec_comment(txt, upper_level=False):
 	for line in contents.split('\n'):
 		if lidx == 8:
 			f = os.path.split(f)[1]
-			result_file += "// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/{} by preprocess.py!".format(f) + '\n\n'
+			result_file += "// This file is generated from the source file test/files/cppy_source/{} by preprocess.py!\n".format(f)
+			result_file += "// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! " \
+						   "Please modify the source file to change the test!\n\n"
+
 		lstrip = line.lstrip()
 		if lstrip.startswith("/*py"):
 			exec_comment(matches[idx], True)

From a359c08c2030677068867d51af61888753ebb54b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 2021 21:27:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 210/606] Add two more overloads for histogram

---
 docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst |  6 +++++
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp       | 21 +++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 74 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
index 83bdbbc58..77c56ea66 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
@@ -36,9 +36,15 @@ Further overloads
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, bool)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2, E2, bool)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2&&, bool)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2&&, E3, E3, bool)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2, E2, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 7b8f75d4f..5c54777a0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -194,6 +194,31 @@ namespace xt
                                      true);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup histogram
+     * @brief Compute the histogram of a set of data.
+     *
+     * @param data The data.
+     * @param bins The number of bins.
+     * @param left The lower-most edge.
+     * @param right The upper-most edge.
+     * @param density If true the resulting integral is normalized to 1. [default: false]
+     * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bin_edges.size()-1.
+     */
+    template <class R = double, class E1, class E2>
+    inline auto histogram(E1&& data, std::size_t bins, E2 left, E2 right, bool density = false)
+    {
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
+
+        auto n = data.size();
+
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, left, right, bins),
+                                        xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
+                                        density,
+                                        true);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @ingroup histogram
      * @brief Compute the histogram of a set of data.
@@ -214,6 +239,28 @@ namespace xt
                                      true);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup histogram
+     * @brief Compute the histogram of a set of data.
+     *
+     * @param data The data.
+     * @param bins The number of bins.
+     * @param left The lower-most edge.
+     * @param right The upper-most edge.
+     * @param weights Weight factors corresponding to each data-point.
+     * @param density If true the resulting integral is normalized to 1. [default: false]
+     * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bin_edges.size()-1.
+     */
+    template <class R = double, class E1, class E2, class E3>
+    inline auto histogram(E1&& data, std::size_t bins, E2&& weights, E3 left, E3 right, bool density = false)
+    {
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, left, right, bins),
+                                        std::forward<E2>(weights),
+                                        density,
+                                        true);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @ingroup histogram
      * @brief Defines different algorithms to be used in "histogram_bin_edges"
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index 1b8005507..b9a096cb4 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,27 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(data, size_t(2), 0.5, 1.5);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2));
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 0.);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // test specifying return type as well
+            auto count = xt::histogram<float>(
+                    data, size_t(2), xt::xtensor<double, 1>({1., 2., 1., 1.}), 0.5, 1.5);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2));
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 0.f);
+            EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 3.f);
+            bool is_same_type = std::is_same<decltype(count)::value_type, float>::value;
+            EXPECT_TRUE(is_same_type);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // test input being a container other than xtensor
             xt::xarray<double> arr = {1., 1., 2., 2.};
             xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(arr, std::size_t(2));
 

From 0985652980d47de9e0b44c195cc4d3626b0570f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2021 23:48:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 211/606] Add missing return type template argument for
 histogram

---
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp | 36 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 5c54777a0..d566d6709 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -157,18 +157,18 @@ namespace xt
      * @param density If true the resulting integral is normalized to 1. [default: false]
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bin_edges.size()-1.
      */
-    template <class E1, class E2>
+    template <class R = double, class E1, class E2>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, E2&& bin_edges, bool density = false)
     {
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                     std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
-                                     xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                                     density,
-                                     false);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                        std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
+                                        xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
+                                        density,
+                                        false);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -180,18 +180,18 @@ namespace xt
      * @param density If true the resulting integral is normalized to 1. [default: false]
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bin_edges.size()-1.
      */
-    template <class E1>
+    template <class R = double, class E1>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, std::size_t bins = 10, bool density = false)
     {
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                     histogram_bin_edges(data, xt::ones<value_type>({ n }), bins),
-                                     xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                                     density,
-                                     true);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, xt::ones<value_type>({ n }), bins),
+                                        xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
+                                        density,
+                                        true);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -229,14 +229,14 @@ namespace xt
      * @param density If true the resulting integral is normalized to 1. [default: false]
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bin_edges.size()-1.
      */
-    template <class E1, class E2>
+    template <class R = double, class E1, class E2>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, std::size_t bins, E2&& weights, bool density = false)
     {
-        return detail::histogram_imp(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                     histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, bins),
-                                     std::forward<E2>(weights),
-                                     density,
-                                     true);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
+                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, bins),
+                                        std::forward<E2>(weights),
+                                        density,
+                                        true);
     }
 
     /**

From c5a927fc340b774997e745d94d57928459cf9561 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2021 11:44:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 212/606] Fix automatically generated tests.

- Fix the XTENSOR_PREPROCESS_FILES.
- Add a warning in the CMakeLists.text file.
- Fix manually modified tests.
---
 test/CMakeLists.txt                           |  5 ++-
 .../test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy         | 18 +++++++++-
 .../cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy      | 22 ++++++------
 test/files/preprocess.py                      |  4 +--
 test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp         |  3 +-
 test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp             |  4 +--
 test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp           |  3 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp         | 34 +++++++++++--------
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp                  |  7 ++--
 9 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 926821464..e6c5d93c2 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -271,10 +271,9 @@ foreach(filename IN LISTS XNPY_FILES)
     endforeach()
 endforeach()
 
-set(XTENSOR_PREPROCESS_FILES
-    files/cppy_source/test_xstrided_view_extended.cppy
-)
+file(GLOB XTENSOR_PREPROCESS_FILES files/cppy_source/*.cppy)
 
+# This target should only be run when the test source files have been changed.
 add_custom_target(
     preprocess_cppy
     COMMAND python3 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/files/preprocess.py
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
index 13aedd3ee..c2393c1e1 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
+// Temporary disabling for TBB and OPENMP due to a potential
+// race condition that must be identified
+
     /*py
     a  = np.random.random(4*5*6*7).reshape(4,5,6,7)
     w  = np.random.random(4*5*6*7).reshape(4,5,6,7)
@@ -30,7 +33,6 @@ namespace xt
         // py_av
 
         auto av = xt::average(py_a, py_w, {0,1});
-
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(av, py_av));
     }
 
@@ -38,28 +40,42 @@ namespace xt
     a  = np.random.random(4*5*6*7).reshape(4,5,6,7)
     vr_all = np.var(a)
     st_all = np.std(a)
+    vr_all_ddof = np.var(a, ddof=1)
     vr = np.var(a, axis=(0,2))
     st = np.std(a, axis=(0,2))
+    vr_ddof = np.var(a, axis=(0,2), ddof=1)
     */
     TEST(xtest_extended_xmath, var_std)
     {
         // py_a
 
         // py_vr_all
+        // py_vr_all_ddof
         // py_st_all
         // py_vr
+        // py_vr_ddof
         // py_st
 
         auto st_all = xt::stddev(py_a);
         auto vr_all = xt::variance(py_a);
+        auto vr_all_ddof = xt::variance(py_a, {0, 1, 2, 3}, 1);
+        std::vector<size_t> axes_all = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+        auto vr_all_ddof_with_axes_arr = xt::variance(py_a, axes_all, 1);
 
         auto st = xt::stddev(py_a, {0, 2});
         auto vr = xt::variance(py_a, {0, 2});
+        auto vr_ddof = xt::variance(py_a, {0, 2}, 1);
+        std::vector<size_t> axes02 = {0, 2};
+        auto vr_ddof_with_axes_arr = xt::variance(py_a, axes02, 1);
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(st_all, py_st_all));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_all, py_vr_all));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_all_ddof, py_vr_all_ddof));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_all_ddof_with_axes_arr, py_vr_all_ddof));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(st, py_st));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr, py_vr));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_ddof, py_vr_ddof));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(vr_ddof_with_axes_arr, py_vr_ddof));
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
index 187cc059f..024e57cd0 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class X, class Y, class Z>
     bool check_argpartition_equal(const X& data, const Y& a1, const Z& a2, std::size_t kth)
     {
-        auto p = a1[kth];
+        auto p = static_cast<std::size_t>(a1[kth]);
         EXPECT_EQ(p, std::size_t(a2[kth]));
         auto el = data[static_cast<std::size_t>(a1[kth])];
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < kth; ++i)
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace xt
         check_argpartition_equal(py_a, py_a19, xt::argpartition(py_a, 19), 19);
 
         // py_median = np.median(a)
-        EXPECT_EQ(py_median, xt::median(py_a));
+        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<decltype(py_a)::value_type>(py_median), xt::median(py_a));
     }
 
     /*py
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ namespace xt
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 4, 1);
         auto a2 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 3, 2);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a0, 2, all(), all()), xt::view(a0, 2, all(), all()));
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a1, all(), 4, all()), xt::view(a1, all(), 4, all()));
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a2, all(), all(), 3), xt::view(a2, all(), all(), 3));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a0, 2, all(), all())), xt::view(a0, 2, all(), all()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a1, all(), 4, all())), xt::view(a1, all(), 4, all()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a2, all(), all(), 3)), xt::view(a2, all(), all(), 3));
     }
 
     /*py
@@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ namespace xt
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 4}, 1);
         auto a2 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 3}, 2);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a0, 2, all(), all()), xt::view(a0, 2, all(), all()));
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a1, all(), 4, all()), xt::view(a1, all(), 4, all()));
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a2, all(), all(), 3), xt::view(a2, all(), all(), 3));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a0, 2, all(), all())), xt::view(a0, 2, all(), all()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a1, all(), 4, all())), xt::view(a1, all(), 4, all()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a2, all(), all(), 3)), xt::view(a2, all(), all(), 3));
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a0, 1, all(), all()), xt::view(a0, 1, all(), all()));
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a1, all(), 1, all()), xt::view(a1, all(), 1, all()));
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_a2, all(), all(), 1), xt::view(a2, all(), all(), 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a0, 1, all(), all())), xt::view(a0, 1, all(), all()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a1, all(), 1, all())), xt::view(a1, all(), 1, all()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a2, all(), all(), 1)), xt::view(a2, all(), all(), 1));
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/files/preprocess.py b/test/files/preprocess.py
index adf02d22f..8d1a2f0b4 100644
--- a/test/files/preprocess.py
+++ b/test/files/preprocess.py
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ def exec_comment(txt, upper_level=False):
 	for line in contents.split('\n'):
 		if lidx == 8:
 			f = os.path.split(f)[1]
-			result_file += "// This file is generated from the source file test/files/cppy_source/{} by preprocess.py!\n".format(f)
+			result_file += "// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/{} by preprocess.py!\n".format(f)
 			result_file += "// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! " \
-						   "Please modify the source file to change the test!\n\n"
+						   "Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.\n\n"
 
 		lstrip = line.lstrip()
 		if lstrip.startswith("/*py"):
diff --git a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
index e9f136316..a0c74701d 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 *                                                                          *
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
-
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy by preprocess.py!
+// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
+
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
index 31f543620..bc540be73 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 *                                                                          *
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
-// This file is generated from the source file test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy by preprocess.py!
-// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Please modify the source file to change the test!
+// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy by preprocess.py!
+// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
 #include <algorithm>
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
index e7635b85b..a683a9d8e 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 *                                                                          *
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
-
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy by preprocess.py!
+// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
+
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
index 07acaeb99..eaa602240 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 *                                                                          *
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
+// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy by preprocess.py!
+// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
+
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -14,14 +17,12 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 
-// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy by preprocess.py!
-
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
-// Tmporary disabling for TBB and OPENMP due to a potential
-// race conditoin that must be identified
+// Temporary disabling for TBB and OPENMP due to a potential
+// race condition that must be identified
 
     /*py
     a  = np.random.random(4*5*6*7).reshape(4,5,6,7)
@@ -1238,16 +1239,21 @@ namespace xt
                                  0.0762240153024691,0.0845913536241975,0.0819087439628765,
                                  0.0894375580083343}};
         // py_vr_ddof
-        xarray<double> py_vr_ddof = {{0.08891148, 0.08839767, 0.06947427, 0.10903093,
-                                      0.10375136, 0.06545346, 0.10283867},
-                                     {0.06667108, 0.07973733, 0.07441828, 0.06940026,
-                                      0.07520572, 0.08607668, 0.06691591},
-                                     {0.11243408, 0.07297399, 0.10511975, 0.11647158,
-                                      0.05646425, 0.09405099, 0.06935457},
-                                     {0.09180797, 0.0812563, 0.06370912, 0.10690023,
-                                      0.055978, 0.05262839, 0.08073249},
-                                     {0.07532817, 0.07518685, 0.09620904, 0.0795381,
-                                      0.08826924, 0.08546999, 0.09332615}};
+        xarray<double> py_vr_ddof = {{0.0889114757349588,0.0883976713043945,0.0694742729233944,
+                                      0.1090309311660738,0.1037513645688315,0.0654534628399395,
+                                      0.1028386731127582},
+                                     {0.0666710818474757,0.0797373343688865,0.0744182799737598,
+                                      0.0694002553843638,0.0752057167414209,0.0860766763056127,
+                                      0.0669159125951853},
+                                     {0.1124340777829665,0.0729739900850924,0.1051197541801289,
+                                      0.1164715842186635,0.0564642526641848,0.0940509914024565,
+                                      0.0693545738074637},
+                                     {0.0918079650451022,0.0812562992275442,0.0637091206300426,
+                                      0.1069002331036898,0.0559780026304832,0.0526283861985847,
+                                      0.0807324924887657},
+                                     {0.0753281695405429,0.0751868529546781,0.096209041268935 ,
+                                      0.0795381029243156,0.08826923856438  ,0.0854699937003928,
+                                      0.0933261474869576}};
         // py_st
         xarray<double> py_st = {{0.2919020913125989,0.2910574427841431,0.2580300593953858,
                                  0.3232459987390728,0.3153226776575547,0.2504520617236133,
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index 686c3dbba..559e70c68 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 *                                                                          *
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
-
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy by preprocess.py!
+// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
+
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
@@ -105,8 +106,8 @@ namespace xt
         check_argpartition_equal(py_a, py_a19, xt::argpartition(py_a, 19), 19);
 
         // py_median = np.median(a)
-        long py_median = 300;
-        EXPECT_EQ(py_median, xt::median(py_a));
+        double py_median = 300.0;
+        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<decltype(py_a)::value_type>(py_median), xt::median(py_a));
     }
 
     /*py

From 44a414aae8f94a33273d7219355e5250816bd74f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Mar 2021 10:49:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 213/606] Update readme to recommend conda over conan

---
 README.md | 12 +-----------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fc61ee648..2c5645178 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -42,17 +42,7 @@ compilers are supported:
 
 ### Package managers
 
-If you are using Conan to manage your dependencies, merely add `xtensor/x.y.z@omaralvarez/public-conan` to your requires, where x.y.z is the release version you want to use. Please file issues in [conan-xtensor](https://github.com/omaralvarez/conan-xtensor) if you experience problems with the packages. Sample `conanfile.txt`:
-
-```
-[requires]
-xtensor/0.20.8@omaralvarez/public-conan
-
-[generators]
-cmake
-```
-
-We also provide a package for the conda package manager:
+We provide a package for the conda package manager:
 
 ```bash
 conda install -c conda-forge xtensor

From 63ccb733a6d7e4e0269c9d3a11aa267ac314ab1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Mar 2021 16:10:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 214/606] Added can_assign and enable_assignable_expression

---
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp   | 11 +++++
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp     | 18 ++++++++
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp       |  9 ++++
 4 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index 64f10bb7d..c0290f4f7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -192,6 +192,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class R = void>
     using disable_xsharable_expression = typename std::enable_if<!is_xsharable_expression<E>::value, R>::type;
 
+    template <class LHS, class RHS>
+    struct can_assign : std::is_assignable<LHS, RHS>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class LHS, class RHS, class R = void>
+    using enable_assignable_expression = typename std::enable_if<can_assign<LHS, RHS>::value, R>::type;
+
+    template <class LHS, class RHS, class R = void>
+    using enable_not_assignable_expression = typename std::enable_if<!can_assign<LHS, RHS>::value, R>::type;
+
     /***********************
      * evaluation_strategy *
      ***********************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index b96411f48..a7adfddfe 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -235,6 +235,24 @@ namespace xt
         static const bool value = true;
     };
 
+    template <class T, class R = T>
+    struct enable_indexed_stepper
+        : std::enable_if<is_indexed_stepper<T>::value, R>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T, class R = T>
+    using enable_indexed_stepper_t = typename enable_indexed_stepper<T, R>::type;
+
+    template <class T, class R = T>
+    struct disable_indexed_stepper
+        : std::enable_if<!is_indexed_stepper<T>::value, R>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T, class R = T>
+    using disable_indexed_stepper_t = typename disable_indexed_stepper<T, R>::type;
+
     /*************
      * xiterator *
      *************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index c6ae92f0c..c6b05b6b9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -104,6 +104,12 @@ namespace xt
             xstepper<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>>>;
     };
 
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST, class RHS>
+    struct can_assign<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>, RHS>
+        : can_assign<CT, RHS>
+    {
+    };
+
     /*****************
      * xstrided_view *
      *****************/
@@ -178,7 +184,8 @@ namespace xt
         xstrided_view(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, strides_type&& strides, std::size_t offset, layout_type layout) noexcept;
 
         xstrided_view(const xstrided_view& rhs) = default;
-        xstrided_view& operator=(const xstrided_view& rhs);
+
+        self_type& operator=(const self_type&);
 
         template <class E>
         self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
@@ -215,23 +222,32 @@ namespace xt
         const_storage_iterator storage_cbegin() const;
         const_storage_iterator storage_cend() const;
 
-        template <class ST>
-        stepper stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
-        template <class ST>
-        stepper stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+
+        template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        std::enable_if_t<!is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
         stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        std::enable_if_t<!is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
         stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        std::enable_if_t<is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
         stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        std::enable_if_t<is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
         stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class requested_type>
@@ -354,7 +370,7 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>& xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::operator=(const xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>& rhs)
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::operator=(const self_type& rhs) -> self_type&
     {
         temporary_type tmp(rhs);
         return this->assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
@@ -471,16 +487,18 @@ namespace xt
      ***************/
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    template <class ST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) -> stepper
+    template <class ST, class STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape)
+        -> disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    template <class ST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> stepper
+    template <class ST, class STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
+        -> disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -488,7 +506,26 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class ST, class STEP>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<!is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape)
+        -> enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset);
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    template <class ST, class STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type /*l*/)
+        -> enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+    {
+        size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
+        return stepper(this, offset, true);
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    template <class ST, class STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
+        -> disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
@@ -496,7 +533,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class ST, class STEP>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const -> std::enable_if_t<!is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
+        -> disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -504,7 +542,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class ST, class STEP>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
+        -> enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset);
@@ -512,7 +551,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class ST, class STEP>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type /*l*/) const -> std::enable_if_t<is_indexed_stepper<STEP>::value, STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type /*l*/) const
+        -> enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index 53f9bab43..8f1a82f5d 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -92,6 +92,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xarray<double> arr = { 5., 6. };
         xt::strided_view(arr, { 0 }) = xt::strided_view(arr, { 1 });
+
+        auto v1 = xt::strided_view(arr, {0});
+        const bool res1 = xt::can_assign<decltype(v1), const xt::xarray<double>&>::value;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(res1);
+
+        const xt::xarray<double> arr2 = arr;
+        auto v2 = xt::strided_view(arr2, {0});
+        const bool res2 = xt::can_assign<decltype(v2), const xt::xarray<double>&>::value;
+        EXPECT_FALSE(res2);
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, three_dimensional)

From 901cb7a0989a8dfb6cb0ccd535b5897157a7961d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Mar 2021 22:32:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 215/606] Fixed FindTBB.cmake

---
 cmake/FindTBB.cmake | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmake/FindTBB.cmake b/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
index f4b6b333b..e0057d90d 100644
--- a/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
+++ b/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ if(NOT TBB_FOUND)
   ##################################
 
   if(TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS)
-    file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/tbb_stddef.h" _tbb_version_file)
+    file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/version.h" _tbb_version_file)
     string(REGEX REPLACE ".*#define TBB_VERSION_MAJOR ([0-9]+).*" "\\1"
         TBB_VERSION_MAJOR "${_tbb_version_file}")
     string(REGEX REPLACE ".*#define TBB_VERSION_MINOR ([0-9]+).*" "\\1"
@@ -300,4 +300,4 @@ if(NOT TBB_FOUND)
   unset(TBB_LIB_PATH_SUFFIX)
   unset(TBB_DEFAULT_SEARCH_DIR)
 
-endif()
\ No newline at end of file
+endif()

From 42ddb711f3dcbf1355da06a2f8c9a93fe50a7126 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2021 11:31:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 216/606] Added fallback to old behavior in FindTBB.cmake

---
 cmake/FindTBB.cmake | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/cmake/FindTBB.cmake b/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
index e0057d90d..0b94d2aba 100644
--- a/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
+++ b/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
@@ -184,7 +184,11 @@ if(NOT TBB_FOUND)
   ##################################
 
   if(TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS)
-    file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/version.h" _tbb_version_file)
+    if(EXISTS "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/version.h")
+        file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/version.h" _tbb_version_file)
+    else()
+        file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/tbb_stddef.h" _tbb_version_file)
+    endif()
     string(REGEX REPLACE ".*#define TBB_VERSION_MAJOR ([0-9]+).*" "\\1"
         TBB_VERSION_MAJOR "${_tbb_version_file}")
     string(REGEX REPLACE ".*#define TBB_VERSION_MINOR ([0-9]+).*" "\\1"

From 5e0531a4eff3b2f61b9ff66aa6a104ab3891bcaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Feb 2021 16:35:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 217/606] Implement nanmin and nanmax

---
 docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst |  8 +++
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp         | 93 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp      | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
index 2a5a05c9a..fb5d7db19 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: nan_to_num(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _nanmin-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: nanmin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. _nanmax-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: nanmax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _nansum-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nansum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 37d61500f..615a13624 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -407,6 +407,45 @@ namespace detail {
                           init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es); \
     }
 
+#define XTENSOR_MIN_MAX_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                       \
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                               \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>                \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<INIT_VALUE_TYPE>;                                                     \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<INIT_VALUE_TYPE>(INIT))),                                 \
+                          std::forward<E>(e),                                                                        \
+                          std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                                \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                               \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>                               \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                  \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                 \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                        \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                                 \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                          \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >;                                                    \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);       \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                                \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                      \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >;                                                    \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es); \
+    }
+
     /*******************
      * basic functions *
      *******************/
@@ -2307,6 +2346,30 @@ namespace detail {
             }
         };
 
+        struct nan_min
+        {
+            template <class T, class U>
+            constexpr auto operator()(const T lhs, const U rhs) const
+            {
+                // Clunky expression for working with GCC 4.9
+                return math::isnan(lhs) ?
+                       rhs :
+                       (math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs : std::common_type_t<T, U>(detail::make_xfunction<math::minimum<void>>(lhs, rhs)));
+            }
+        };
+
+        struct nan_max
+        {
+            template <class T, class U>
+            constexpr auto operator()(const T lhs, const U rhs) const
+            {
+                // Clunky expression for working with GCC 4.9
+                return math::isnan(lhs) ?
+                       rhs :
+                       (math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs : std::common_type_t<T, U>(detail::make_xfunction<math::maximum<void>>(lhs, rhs)));
+            }
+        };
+
         struct nan_plus
         {
             template <class T, class U>
@@ -2357,6 +2420,36 @@ namespace detail {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::nan_to_num_functor>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup nan_functions
+     * @brief Minimum element over given axes, excluding nans.
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xreducer for the minimum of elements over given
+     * \em axes, ignoring nans.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @param axes the axes along which the minimum is found (optional)
+     * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
+     * @tparam T used for determining the value type of the result, which is
+     *           the type of `T() + E::value_type()`. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @return an \ref xreducer
+     */
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nanmin, detail::nan_min, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, std::nan("0"))
+
+    /**
+     * @ingroup nan_functions
+     * @brief Maximum element along given axes, excluding nans.
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xreducer for the sum of elements over given
+     * \em axes, replacing nan with 0.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
+     * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
+     * @tparam T used for determining the value type of the result, which is
+     *           the type of `T() + E::value_type()`. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @return an \ref xreducer
+     */
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nanmax, detail::nan_max, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, std::nan("0"))
+
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
      * @brief Sum of elements over given axes, replacing nan with 0.
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index f8ab96d40..57f43d486 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
 
 #include "xtl/xtype_traits.hpp"
 
@@ -27,15 +28,26 @@ namespace xt
 {
     using namespace std::complex_literals;
     static const double nanv = std::nan("0");
+    static const double d_min = std::numeric_limits<double>::min();
+    static const double d_max = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+
+#define NAN_SENSITIVE_EQ(E1, E2, PLACE_HOLDER)                                                          \
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::isnan(E1), xt::equal(E2, PLACE_HOLDER));                                          \
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::filter(E1, !xt::isnan(E1)), xt::filter(E2, xt::not_equal(E2, PLACE_HOLDER)));
+
     namespace nantest
     {
         xarray<double> aN = {{ nanv, nanv, 123, 3 }, { 1, 2, nanv, 3 }, { 1, 1, nanv, 3 }};
         xarray<double> aR = {{ 0, 0, 123 , 3 }, { 1, 2, 0 , 3}, { 1, 1, 0, 3 }};
         xarray<double> aP = {{ 1, 1, 123 , 3}, { 1, 2, 1, 3 }, { 1, 1, 1, 3 }};
+        xarray<double> aI = {{ d_max, d_max, 123 , 3}, { 1, 2, d_max, 3 }, { 1, 1, d_max, 3 }};
+        xarray<double> aA = {{ d_min, d_min, 123 , 3}, { 1, 2, d_min, 3 }, { 1, 1, d_min, 3 }};
 
-        xarray<double> xN = {{{nanv, nanv}, {1,2}}, {{3, nanv}, {nanv, 5}}};
+        xarray<double> xN = {{{nanv, nanv}, {1, 2}}, {{3, nanv}, {nanv, 5}}};
         xarray<double> xR = {{{0, 0}, {1,2}}, {{3, 0}, {0, 5}}};
         xarray<double> xP = {{{1, 1}, {1,2}}, {{3, 1}, {1, 5}}};
+        xarray<double> xI = {{{d_max, d_max}, {1, 2}}, {{3, d_max}, {d_max, 5}}};
+        xarray<double> xA = {{{d_min, d_min}, {1, 2}}, {{3, d_min}, {d_min, 5}}};
 
         xarray<std::complex<double>> cN = {
             {1.0 + 1.0i, 1.0 + 1.0i, nanv      },
@@ -82,6 +94,34 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(assigned, exp);
     }
 
+    TEST(xnanfunctions, nanmin)
+    {
+        EXPECT_EQ(nanmin(nantest::aN), amin(nantest::aI));
+        EXPECT_EQ(nanmin(nantest::aN, {0}), amin(nantest::aI, {0}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(nanmin(nantest::aN, {1}), amin(nantest::aI, {1}));
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        {
+            auto ret = nanmin(nantest::xN, {i});
+            auto reference = amin(nantest::xI, {i});
+            NAN_SENSITIVE_EQ(ret, reference, d_max)
+        }
+    }
+
+    TEST(xnanfunctions, nanmax)
+    {
+        EXPECT_EQ(nanmax(nantest::aN), amax(nantest::aA));
+        EXPECT_EQ(nanmax(nantest::aN, {0}), amax(nantest::aA, {0}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(nanmax(nantest::aN, {1}), amax(nantest::aA, {1}));
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        {
+            auto ret = nanmax(nantest::xN, {i});
+            auto reference = amax(nantest::xA, {i});
+            NAN_SENSITIVE_EQ(ret, reference, d_min)
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xnanfunctions, nansum)
     {
         xarray<double> res = nansum(nantest::aN);
@@ -227,6 +267,10 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);         \
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);
 
+#define CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)         \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)     \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)
+
 #define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, TEMPLATE_TYPE, RESULT_TYPE, STD_TYPE)  \
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)              \
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)             \
@@ -241,6 +285,8 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int, int, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, double, double, double);
 
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(ashort, short);
+
         /******************
          * unsigned short *
          ******************/
@@ -249,6 +295,8 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, int, int, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, double, double, double);
 
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(aushort, unsigned short);
+
         /*********
          * int *
          *********/
@@ -257,6 +305,8 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int, int, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, double, double, double);
 
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(aint, int);
+
         /****************
          * unsigned int *
          ****************/
@@ -265,6 +315,8 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, double, double, double);
 
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(auint, unsigned int);
+
         /**********************
          * long long *
          **********************/
@@ -276,6 +328,8 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, long, signed long long, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long, signed long long, double);
 
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(along, signed long long);
+
         /**********************
          * unsigned long long *
          **********************/
@@ -287,6 +341,8 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long, unsigned long long, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long, unsigned long long, double);
 
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(aulong, unsigned long long);
+
         /*********
          * float *
          *********/
@@ -298,6 +354,8 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float, float, float);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, double, double, double);
 
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(afloat, float);
+
         /**********
          * double *
          **********/
@@ -305,5 +363,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, float, double, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double, double, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, long double, long double, long double);
+
+        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(adouble, double);
     }
 }

From e6a8021bed7f4dacb456c272e3560d369700b801 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2021 23:07:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 218/606] Clean up and add more tests for nanmin and nanmax

- Remove the leftover macro;
- Add more tests for return type check;
- Improve documentation.
---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp    |  47 ++-------------
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp | 109 +++++++++++++++--------------------
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 105 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 615a13624..7091af332 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -407,45 +407,6 @@ namespace detail {
                           init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es); \
     }
 
-#define XTENSOR_MIN_MAX_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                       \
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                               \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>                \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<INIT_VALUE_TYPE>;                                                     \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<INIT_VALUE_TYPE>(INIT))),                                 \
-                          std::forward<E>(e),                                                                        \
-                          std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                                \
-    }                                                                                                                \
-                                                                                                                     \
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                               \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>                               \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                  \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                 \
-    }                                                                                                                \
-                                                                                                                     \
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                        \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                                 \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                          \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >;                                                    \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);       \
-    }                                                                                                                \
-                                                                                                                     \
-    template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                                \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                      \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >;                                                    \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<INIT_VALUE_TYPE >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es); \
-    }
-
     /*******************
      * basic functions *
      *******************/
@@ -2426,11 +2387,11 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the minimum of elements over given
      * \em axes, ignoring nans.
+     * @warning Casting the result to an integer type can cause undefined behavior.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the minimum is found (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
-     * @tparam T used for determining the value type of the result, which is
-     *           the type of `T() + E::value_type()`. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nanmin, detail::nan_min, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, std::nan("0"))
@@ -2441,11 +2402,11 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the sum of elements over given
      * \em axes, replacing nan with 0.
+     * @warning Casting the result to an integer type can cause undefined behavior.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
-     * @tparam T used for determining the value type of the result, which is
-     *           the type of `T() + E::value_type()`. The default is `E::value_type`.
+     * @tparam T the result type. The default is `E::value_type`.
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
     XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(nanmax, detail::nan_max, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, std::nan("0"))
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index 57f43d486..ce349c106 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -261,109 +261,94 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<float> afloat(shape);
         xarray<double> adouble(shape);
 
-#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)             \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE);    \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);        \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);         \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);
-
-#define CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE)         \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)     \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)
-
-#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, TEMPLATE_TYPE, RESULT_TYPE, STD_TYPE)  \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)              \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)             \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)              \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), STD_TYPE)
+#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE, MINMAX_TYPE)  \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE);      \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);          \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);           \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);           \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE);      \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE);
+
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, TEMPLATE_TYPE, RESULT_TYPE, STD_TYPE, MINMAX_TYPE)  \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                           \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                          \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                           \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), STD_TYPE)                              \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE)                           \
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE)
 
         /*********
          * short *
          *********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, short, int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int, int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, double, double, double);
-
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(ashort, short);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int, short);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, short, int, double, short);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, int, int, double, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(ashort, double, double, double, double);
 
         /******************
          * unsigned short *
          ******************/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, int);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, unsigned short, int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, int, int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, double, double, double);
-
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(aushort, unsigned short);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, int, unsigned short);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, unsigned short, int, double, unsigned short);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, int, int, double, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aushort, double, double, double, double);
 
         /*********
          * int *
          *********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, unsigned short, int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int, int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, double, double, double);
-
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(aint, int);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, unsigned short, int, double, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, int, int, double, int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aint, double, double, double, double);
 
         /****************
          * unsigned int *
          ****************/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, double, double, double);
-
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(auint, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int, double, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, unsigned int, unsigned int, double, unsigned int);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(auint, double, double, double, double);
 
         /**********************
          * long long *
          **********************/
 #ifndef SKIP_ON_WERROR
         // intermediate computation done in double may imply precision loss
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long, signed long long);
 #endif
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, int, signed long long, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, long, signed long long, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long, signed long long, double);
-
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(along, signed long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, int, signed long long, double, signed long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, long, signed long long, double, signed long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(along, signed long long, signed long long, double, signed long long);
 
         /**********************
          * unsigned long long *
          **********************/
 #ifndef SKIP_ON_WERROR
         // intermediate computation done in double may imply precision loss
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long, unsigned long long);
 #endif
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned int, unsigned long long, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long, unsigned long long, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long, unsigned long long, double);
-
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(aulong, unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned int, unsigned long long, double, unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long, unsigned long long, double, unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long, unsigned long long, double, unsigned long long);
 
         /*********
          * float *
          *********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float, float);
 #ifndef SKIP_ON_WERROR
         // final conversion to int may imply conversion loss
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, int, float, float);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, int, float, float, float);
 #endif
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float, float, float);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, double, double, double);
-
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(afloat, float);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, float, float, float, float);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(afloat, double, double, double, double);
 
         /**********
          * double *
          **********/
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, float, double, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double, double, double);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, long double, long double, long double);
+        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, float, double, double, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double, double, double, double);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, long double, long double, long double, long double);
 
-        CHECK_NAN_MIN_MAX_RESULT_TYPE(adouble, double);
     }
 }

From bd3690dc1e483aaaf0594862f4776cb5382e73c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Mar 2021 09:06:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 219/606] Fix linespace with only one point

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp |  2 +-
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp       | 23 +++++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 5658558b9..ee668282b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 buf[i] = static_cast<R>(start + step * mult_type(i));
             }
-            if (num > 0 && endpoint)
+            if (endpoint && num > 1)
             {
                 buf[num-1] = static_cast<R>(stop);
             }
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index d9e415eb1..0aa86cf16 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -246,7 +246,10 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<double> c = linspace<double>(0., 2., 1, true);
         EXPECT_EQ(c.dimension(), size_t(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(c.shape(), expected_shape);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0., b(0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(0., c(0));
+
+        auto d = linspace<double>(0., 2., 1, true);
+        EXPECT_EQ(c, d);
     }
 
     TEST(xbuilder, linspace_n_samples_endpoint)
@@ -286,6 +289,15 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(ls, expected)));
     }
 
+    TEST(xbuilder, linspace_double)
+    {
+        // access_imp will also be tested here
+        double at_end = 99.78730976641236;
+        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
+        auto b = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
+
     TEST(xbuilder, logspace)
     {
         auto ls = logspace<double>(2., 3., 4);
@@ -690,13 +702,4 @@ namespace xt
         b = std::is_same<decltype(ed3), xarray<double>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(b);
     }
-
-    TEST(xbuilder, linspace_double)
-    {
-        // access_imp will also be tested here
-        double at_end = 99.78730976641236;
-        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
-        auto b = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-    }
 }

From 057eda82de80bea8c1a9d0d5b925a37079abae05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Mar 2021 12:10:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 220/606] Fixed ambiguous call of tile

---
 include/xtensor/xpad.hpp |  2 +-
 test/test_xpad.cpp       | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
index 7113d9c54..8d6bf095f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
       std::vector<S> tw(e.shape().size(), static_cast<S>(1));
       tw[0] = reps;
-      return tile(std::forward<E>(e), tw);
+      return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), tw);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xpad.cpp b/test/test_xpad.cpp
index d2897a998..09bd899a3 100644
--- a/test/test_xpad.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xpad.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xpad.hpp"
 
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xpad, constant_a)
@@ -331,4 +333,22 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
+
+    TEST(xpad, tile_f)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<double> m = xt::tile(xt::expand_dims(xt::eye<double>(4), 0), 3u);
+        xt::xarray<double> expected = {{{1., 0., 0., 0.},
+                                        {0., 1., 0., 0.},
+                                        {0., 0., 1., 0.},
+                                        {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
+                                       {{1., 0., 0., 0.},
+                                        {0., 1., 0., 0.},
+                                        {0., 0., 1., 0.},
+                                        {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
+                                       {{1., 0., 0., 0.},
+                                        {0., 1., 0., 0.},
+                                        {0., 0., 1., 0.},
+                                        {0., 0., 0., 1.}}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(m, expected);
+    }
 }

From 0aab2360b507b6bed1de3847ae708bcf2d8de368 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Mar 2021 14:39:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 221/606] Release 0.23.2

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2c5645178..45744d34b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.2   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index cd3e1c75d..aeda4d084 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,28 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.2
+------
+
+- MSVC Build: Wrapped linker flags in quotes
+  `#2299 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2299`
+- Added can_assign and enable_assignable_expression
+  `#2323 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2323`
+- Fix automatically generated tests
+  `#2313 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2313`
+- Fix linspace endpoint bug
+  `#2306 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2306`
+- Added fallback to old behavior in FindTBB.cmake
+  `#2325 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2325`
+- Implement nanmin and nanmax
+  `#2314 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2314`
+- Clean up and add more tests for nanmin and nanmax
+  `#2326 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2326`
+- Fix linespace with only one point
+  `#2327 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2327`
+- Fixed ambiguous call of tile
+  `#2329 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2329`
+
 0.23.1
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index f4dd7696d..dbfedf2f8 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.1
+  - xtensor=0.23.2
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.0
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 13ff38952..e659742d0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 1
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 2
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From e4c28ab4723a051aeebda5e8e93515534d1247ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2021 14:42:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 222/606] Add missing API RTD for nan functions

---
 docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst | 12 ++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp         |  6 +++---
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
index fb5d7db19..2cc41db02 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
@@ -27,6 +27,18 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: nansum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. _nanmean-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: nanmean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. _nanvar-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: nanvar(E&&, X&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. _nanstd-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: nanstd(E&&, X&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. _nanprod-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanprod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 7091af332..126181786 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2616,7 +2616,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     /**
-     * @ingroup red_functions
+     * @ingroup nan_functions
      * @brief Mean of elements over given axes, excluding nans.
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the mean of elements over given
@@ -2676,7 +2676,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     /**
-     * @ingroup red_functions
+     * @ingroup nan_functions
      * @brief Compute the variance along the specified axes, excluding nans
      *
      * Returns the variance of the array elements, a measure of the spread of a
@@ -2715,7 +2715,7 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     /**
-     * @ingroup red_functions
+     * @ingroup nan_functions
      * @brief Compute the standard deviation along the specified axis, excluding nans.
      *
      * Returns the standard deviation, a measure of the spread of a distribution,

From 76758d2bc831649240840ba42b15dc349d13503b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhujun98 <zhujun981661@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2021 14:46:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 223/606] Use the correct version file for TBB since 2021.1

---
 cmake/FindTBB.cmake | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/cmake/FindTBB.cmake b/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
index 0b94d2aba..0fafa84f7 100644
--- a/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
+++ b/cmake/FindTBB.cmake
@@ -185,7 +185,8 @@ if(NOT TBB_FOUND)
 
   if(TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS)
     if(EXISTS "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/version.h")
-        file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/version.h" _tbb_version_file)
+        # since version 2021.1
+        file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/oneapi/tbb/version.h" _tbb_version_file)
     else()
         file(READ "${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS}/tbb/tbb_stddef.h" _tbb_version_file)
     endif()

From a8833f07483de4a940a9093960e7372e272f7b97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2021 15:28:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 224/606] Fixed layout issue in container classes.

---
 include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp      | 15 ++++++++++-----
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp       |  6 ++++++
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp        |  5 +++++
 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
index 2ce4a800b..1d7eaf3b9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
@@ -476,6 +476,12 @@ namespace xt
     void swap(xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& lhs,
               xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& rhs) noexcept;
 
+    template <class I, class CI>
+    struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>>
+        : is_contiguous_container<I>
+    {
+    };
+
     /***************************
      * xiterator_owner_adaptor *
      ***************************/
@@ -552,8 +558,14 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class C, class IG>
-    void swap(xiterator_adaptor<C, IG>& lhs,
-              xiterator_adaptor<C, IG>& rhs) noexcept;
+    void swap(xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& lhs,
+              xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& rhs) noexcept;
+
+    template <class C, class IG>
+    struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>>
+        : is_contiguous_container<typename IG::iterator>
+    {
+    };
 
     /**************************
      * make_xiterator_adaptor *
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 5195ff6f3..730362e3b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -876,9 +876,11 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xstrided_container<D>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         using str_type = typename inner_strides_type::value_type;
-        return m_strides.empty()
-            || (m_layout == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
-            || (m_layout == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1));
+        return is_contiguous_container<storage_type>::value &&
+               ( m_strides.empty()
+                 || (m_layout == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
+                 || (m_layout == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1)));
+
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -912,12 +914,15 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t dim = shape.size();
         if (m_shape.size() != dim || !std::equal(std::begin(shape), std::end(shape), std::begin(m_shape)) || force)
         {
-            layout_type layout = (D::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic && m_layout == layout_type::dynamic) ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT : m_layout;
+            if (D::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic && m_layout == layout_type::dynamic)
+            {
+                m_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT;  // fall back to default layout
+            }
             m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S>(shape);
 
             resize_container(m_strides, dim);
             resize_container(m_backstrides, dim);
-            size_type data_size = compute_strides<D::static_layout>(m_shape, layout, m_strides, m_backstrides);
+            size_type data_size = compute_strides<D::static_layout>(m_shape, m_layout, m_strides, m_backstrides);
             detail::resize_data_container(this->storage(), data_size);
         }
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index a7adfddfe..cfb961a5a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -357,6 +357,12 @@ namespace xt
     bool operator<(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs,
                    const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs);
 
+    template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
+    struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator<St, S, L>>
+        : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
     /*********************
      * xbounded_iterator *
      *********************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index 686cb7176..f43e75049 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ namespace xt
                                                                                std::input_iterator_tag>::value>::type;
     }
 
+    template <class C>
+    struct is_contiguous_container : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
     template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T>>
     class uvector
     {

From 8f39fab25e60f0af426529c0986a7c6b2c593b0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 06:21:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 225/606] Fixed assignment of a tensor_view on a
 pseudo-container

---
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp |  7 +++++++
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 483545eb0..98a09d4e4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -375,6 +375,28 @@ namespace xt
         friend class xview_semantic<xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>>;
     };
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class V>
+        struct tensor_view_simd_helper
+        {
+            using valid_return_type = detail::has_simd_interface_impl<V, typename V::value_type>;
+            using valid_reference = std::is_lvalue_reference<typename V::reference>;
+            static constexpr bool value = valid_return_type::value && valid_reference::value;
+            using type = std::integral_constant<bool, value>;
+        };
+    }
+
+    // xtensor_view can be used on pseudo containers, i.e. containers
+    // whowe access operator does not return a reference. Since it
+    // is not possible to take the address f a temporary, the load_simd
+    // method implementation leads to a compilation error.
+    template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
+    struct has_simd_interface<xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>>
+        : detail::tensor_view_simd_helper<xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>>::type
+    {
+    };
+
     /************************************
      * xtensor_container implementation *
      ************************************/
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index c2ede538a..aea7689df 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
@@ -137,6 +138,12 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(iter, view.end());
     }
 
+    TEST(xmanipulation, flatten_generator)
+    {
+        // Compilation test
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> y = xt::flatten(xt::random::randint({100, 1}, 1, 100));
+    }
+
     TEST(xmanipulation, flatten_simd_linear_assign_trait)
     {
         xtensor<double, 3> a = linspace<double>(1., 100., 100).reshape({2, 5, 10});

From 0e079a7a778e8ab34d76337ac3690d47c6065d8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 14:13:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 226/606] Fixed return type of data method

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp | 8 ++++----
 test/test_xadapt.cpp           | 1 +
 test/test_xview.cpp            | 2 --
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 730362e3b..06917bcaa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ namespace xt
         storage_type& storage() noexcept;
         const storage_type& storage() const noexcept;
 
-        value_type* data() noexcept;
-        const value_type* data() const noexcept;
+        pointer data() noexcept;
+        const_pointer data() const noexcept;
         const size_type data_offset() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ namespace xt
      * container is empty (data() is not is not dereferenceable in that case)
      */
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::data() noexcept -> value_type*
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::data() noexcept -> pointer
     {
         return storage().data();
     }
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ namespace xt
     * container is empty (data() is not is not dereferenceable in that case)
     */
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::data() const noexcept -> const value_type*
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::data() const noexcept -> const_pointer
     {
         return storage().data();
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index b966dd166..25a4121cf 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto a0_view = adapt(const_data, size, no_ownership());
         a0(3) = 3;
         EXPECT_EQ(3, a0_view[3]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a0.data(), a0_view.data());
 
         using shape_type = std::array<vec_type::size_type, 2>;
         shape_type s = {2, 2};
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index 150c29ae5..fba27e703 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -1586,8 +1586,6 @@ namespace xt
             { 3, 4 },
         };
 
-        std::cout << tensor.shape().size() << std::endl;
-
         const auto row0 = xt::row(tensor, 0);
         const auto row1 = xt::row(tensor, 1);
 

From 2f2213b01426ae2974c227561a8fa1de682fc6b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 15:31:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 227/606] Fixed assignment to flatten view

---
 include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp |  6 ++++++
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp         | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
index 1d7eaf3b9..aa94db3c4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
@@ -596,6 +596,12 @@ namespace xt
         using type = typename xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>::temporary_type;
     };
 
+    template <class C, class IG>
+    struct temporary_container<xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>>
+    {
+        using type = typename xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>::temporary_type;
+    };
+
     template <class C>
     using temporary_container_t = typename temporary_container<C>::type;
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index aea7689df..fdd64c78d 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -172,6 +172,26 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xmanipulation, flatten_assign)
+    {
+      xt::xarray<int> patch = xt::zeros<int>({2, 8});
+      xt::xarray<int> seq_r = xt::zeros<int>({16});
+      seq_r[0] = 1;
+      seq_r[1] = 2;
+      seq_r[2] = 3;
+      seq_r[3] = 4;
+      xt::flatten(xt::view(patch, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 2))) = xt::view(seq_r, xt::range(0, 4));
+      EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, 0), 1);
+      EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, 1), 2);
+      EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, 0), 3);
+      EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, 1), 4);
+      for (size_t i = 2; i < 8; ++i)
+      {
+          EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, i), 0);
+          EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, i), 0);
+      }
+    }
+
     TEST(xmanipulation, flatnonzero)
     {
         xt::xtensor<int, 1> a = arange(-2, 3);
@@ -530,4 +550,9 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(8, repeated_array(3, 1));
         ASSERT_EQ(9, repeated_array(3, 2));
     }
+
+    TEST(xmanipulation, zzzzzz)
+    {
+
+    }
 }

From 62645d3b5b7a53a0f2bc4277b0912c9687de449b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 16:53:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 228/606] Release 0.23.3

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 45744d34b..cc81150ef 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.3   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.2   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index aeda4d084..5e3e1544a 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,22 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.3
+------
+
+- Use the correct version file for TBB since 2021.1
+  `#2334 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2334`
+- Add missing API RTD for nan functions
+  `#2333 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2333`
+- Fixed layout issue in container classes
+  `#2335 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2335`
+- Fixed assignment of a tensor_view on a pseudo-container
+  `#2336 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2336`
+- Fixed return type of data method
+  `#2338 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2338`
+- Fixed assignment to flatten view
+  `#2339 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2339`
+
 0.23.2
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index dbfedf2f8..5e1e4f50e 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.2
+  - xtensor=0.23.3
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.0
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index e659742d0..035c62f01 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 2
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 3
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 30dc4693b090ad5a093baf7245a99eaeb263af88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 20:48:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 229/606] Fixed xfunctor_view

---
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp         | 101 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp            |  24 +++++++
 3 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index e1ae863ff..9542c7065 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class FCT = functor_type>
         auto data_element(size_type i) const
-            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>()(std::declval<undecay_expression>().data_element(i)))
+            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>()(std::declval<const undecay_expression>().data_element(i)))
         {
             return m_functor(m_e.data_element(i));
         }
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crbegin() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rbegin<L>())>
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rbegin<L>())>
             (m_e.template rbegin<L>(), &m_functor);
     }
 
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crend() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rend<L>())>
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rend<L>())>
             (m_e.template rend<L>(), &m_functor);
     }
     //@}
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index ec91c526f..e6ab65587 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ namespace xt
                                                           get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
 
         using strides_type = get_strides_t<shape_type>;
-        using back_strides_type = strides_type;
+        using backstrides_type = strides_type;
 
 
         using slice_type = std::tuple<S...>;
@@ -430,6 +430,9 @@ namespace xt
                                                           typename xexpression_type::const_storage_iterator,
                                                           typename iterable_base::const_storage_iterator>;
 
+        using reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<storage_iterator>;
+        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_storage_iterator>;
+
         using container_iterator = pointer;
         using const_container_iterator = const_pointer;
         constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
@@ -524,6 +527,14 @@ namespace xt
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, storage_iterator>
         storage_end();
 
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        storage_begin() const;
+
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        storage_end() const;
+        
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
         storage_cbegin() const;
@@ -532,6 +543,30 @@ namespace xt
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
         storage_cend() const;
 
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+        storage_rbegin();
+
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+        storage_rend();
+
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        storage_rbegin() const;
+
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        storage_rend() const;
+
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        storage_crbegin() const;
+
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        storage_crend() const;
+
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
         strides() const;
@@ -1136,6 +1171,22 @@ namespace xt
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
 
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_begin() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return storage_cbegin();
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_end() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return storage_cend();
+    }
+
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_cbegin() const
@@ -1152,6 +1203,54 @@ namespace xt
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
 
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rbegin()
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return reverse_storage_iterator(storage_end());
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rend()
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return reverse_storage_iterator(storage_begin());
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rbegin() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return storage_crbegin();
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rend() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return storage_crend();
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crbegin() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_end());
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crend() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+    {
+        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_begin());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return the strides for the underlying container of the view.
      */
diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index 736baea65..3f838b9b0 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
 
+#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace std::complex_literals;
@@ -317,4 +319,26 @@ namespace xt
         auto simd_loaded = a.template load_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode, complex_type, xt_simd::simd_traits<complex_type>::size>(0);
         (void)simd_loaded;
     }
+
+    TEST(xcomplex, view)
+    {
+
+        using cpx = std::complex<double>;
+        xt::xtensor<cpx, 2> a = {
+            { cpx(1, 1), cpx(-1, 1), cpx(-2, -2) },
+            { cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, 1), cpx(2, 2) }
+        };
+
+        xtensor<cpx, 1> c = conj(view(a, 0, xt::all()));
+        xtensor<cpx ,1> exp_conj = {cpx(1, -1), cpx(-1, -1), cpx(-2, 2)};
+        EXPECT_EQ(c, exp_conj);
+
+        xtensor<double, 1> r = real(view(a, 0, xt::all()));
+        xtensor<double, 1> exp_real = {double(1), double(-1), double(-2)};
+        EXPECT_EQ(r, exp_real);
+
+        xtensor<double, 1> im = imag(view(a, 0, xt::all()));
+        xtensor<double, 1> exp_im = {double(1), double(1), double(-2)};
+        EXPECT_EQ(im, exp_im);
+    }
 }

From c33ee6211162a2a319d7814d5ed395b548126a47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2021 14:42:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 230/606] Fix edge chunk assignment

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 14 +++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index e42bf0154..695511542 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -381,7 +381,19 @@ namespace xt
         size_type ci = 0;
         for (auto& chunk: chunks)
         {
-            noalias(chunk) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
+            auto rhs = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
+            auto rhs_shape = rhs.shape();
+            if (rhs_shape != chunk_shape)
+            {
+                xstrided_slice_vector esv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice in edge chunk
+                std::transform(rhs_shape.begin(), rhs_shape.end(), esv.begin(),
+                               [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
+                noalias(strided_view(chunk, esv)) = rhs;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                noalias(chunk) = rhs;
+            }
             bool last_chunk = ci == chunks.size() - 1;
             if (!last_chunk)
             {

From 36bdf5e18c476cba8ceb034fb625f6ae56392003 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2021 17:16:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 231/606] Release 0.23.4

---
 README.md                          | 1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 6 ++++++
 environment.yml                    | 4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cc81150ef..9279f2461 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.4   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.3   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.2   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 5e3e1544a..0f3c51461 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.4
+------
+
+- Fix edge chunk assignment
+  `#2342 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2342`
+
 0.23.3
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 5e1e4f50e..27cf49a41 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.3
-  - xtensor-blas=0.19.0
+  - xtensor=0.23.4
+  - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
   - blas * *openblas"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 035c62f01..5d984cf87 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 3
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 4
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From d7b645b9cc69bd20d72ee07b619d2bf682677a71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2021 17:53:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 232/606] No need to explicitly install blas anymore with
 latest xtensor-blas

---
 environment.yml | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 27cf49a41..9d2d7027a 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -5,4 +5,3 @@ dependencies:
   - xtensor=0.23.4
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
-  - blas * *openblas"

From 318239f50e0f9dbe081b75c650fcd5c03e30c023 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: neok-m4700 <neok-m4700@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Mar 2021 13:39:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 233/606] FIX for xtensor-stack/xtl/issues/245

---
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp | 13 ++++++-------
 test/test_xstrides.cpp       |  8 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 4b492b5a6..843ec640c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -461,10 +461,10 @@ namespace xt
         return detail::unravel_noexcept(index, strides, l);
     }
 
-    template <class S>
-    inline get_strides_t<S> ravel_from_strides(const S& index, const S& strides)
+    template <class S, class T>
+    inline get_value_type_t<T> ravel_from_strides(const T& index, const S& strides)
     {
-        return element_offset<get_strides_t<S>>(strides, index.begin(), index.end());
+        return element_offset<get_value_type_t<T>>(strides, index.begin(), index.end());
     }
 
     template <class S>
@@ -494,14 +494,13 @@ namespace xt
         return out;
     }
 
-    template <class S>
-    inline get_value_type<S> ravel_index(const S& index, const S& shape, layout_type l)
+    template <class S, class T>
+    inline get_value_type_t<T> ravel_index(const T& index, const S& shape, layout_type l)
     {
         using strides_type = get_strides_t<S>;
-        using strides_value_type = typename strides_type::value_type;
         strides_type strides = xtl::make_sequence<strides_type>(shape.size(), 0);
         compute_strides(shape, l, strides);
-        return ravel_from_strides(static_cast<strides_value_type>(index), strides);
+        return ravel_from_strides(index, strides);
     }
 
     template <class S, class stype>
diff --git a/test/test_xstrides.cpp b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
index d0a6f1adc..9173cef48 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrides.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
@@ -147,4 +147,12 @@ namespace xt
         vector_type strides_7 = { 1, 2, 1, 4 };
         EXPECT_FALSE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_2, strides_7, xt::layout_type::column_major, false));
     }
+
+    TEST(xstrides, ravel_index)
+    {
+        xt::uvector<std::size_t> index = { 1, 1, 1 };
+        xt::uvector<std::size_t> shape = { 10, 20, 30 };
+        auto idx = xt::ravel_index(index, shape, xt::layout_type::row_major);
+        EXPECT_EQ(idx, 631);
+    }
 }

From d836da3832e4ccd3c906cd652dc6f196a8e2066c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dmytro Makarenko <dmytro@scanbot.io>
Date: Wed, 31 Mar 2021 14:47:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 234/606] fix m_strides_computed

---
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index ec91c526f..8b40b5ea2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -1232,6 +1232,7 @@ namespace xt
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
             compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
+            m_strides_computed = true;
         }
         return m_data_offset;
     }

From 5543b1cfdf411a646a9d2b9cca80bb405fcab7a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Apr 2021 12:02:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 235/606] Explicitely install gcc7 and gcc8 on Azure

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
index e3e7ee743..e699b4fed 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
 
       - script: |
-          if [[ $(gcc_version) == '4.9' || $(gcc_version) == '6' ]]; then
+          if [[ $(gcc_version) == '4.9' || $(gcc_version) == '6' || $(gcc_version) == '7' || $(gcc_version) == '8' ]]; then
             sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
             sudo apt-get update
             sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$(gcc_version)

From 78aaac39143caa78da7c5c0734ccef957535f0c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Apr 2021 15:17:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 236/606] Implement grid view (#2346)

Implemented xchunk_iterator, separate xchunked_view
---
 CMakeLists.txt                    |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp | 200 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/CMakeLists.txt               |   3 +-
 test/test_xchunked_view.cpp       |  62 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 265 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
 create mode 100644 test/test_xchunked_view.cpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index c85bf5e17..67819df9d 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b567e9c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_VIEW_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_VIEW_HPP
+
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xnoalias.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    template <class E>
+    class xchunked_view;
+
+    template <class E>
+    class xchunk_iterator
+    {
+    public:
+        xchunk_iterator(xchunked_view<E>& chunked_view, std::size_t chunk_idx);
+        xchunk_iterator() = default;
+
+        xchunk_iterator<E>& operator++();
+        xchunk_iterator<E> operator++(int);
+        bool operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const;
+        bool operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const;
+        auto operator*();
+
+    private:
+        xchunked_view<E>* m_pcv;
+        std::size_t m_ci;
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    class xchunked_view
+    {
+    public:
+        template <class OE>
+        xchunked_view(OE&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>& chunk_shape);
+
+        xchunk_iterator<E> begin();
+        xchunk_iterator<E> end();
+
+        template <class OE>
+        xchunked_view<E>& operator=(const OE& e);
+
+    private:
+        E m_expression;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_shape;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_chunk_shape;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_shape_of_chunks;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_ic;
+        std::size_t m_chunk_nb;
+        xstrided_slice_vector m_sv;
+
+        friend class xchunk_iterator<E>;
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E>::xchunk_iterator(xchunked_view<E>& chunked_view, std::size_t chunk_idx)
+        : m_pcv(&chunked_view)
+        , m_ci(chunk_idx)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E>& xchunk_iterator<E>::operator++()
+    {
+        if (m_ci != m_pcv->m_chunk_nb - 1)
+        {
+            std::size_t di = m_pcv->m_shape.size() - 1;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                if (m_pcv->m_ic[di] + 1 == m_pcv->m_shape_of_chunks[di])
+                {
+                    m_pcv->m_ic[di] = 0;
+                    m_pcv->m_sv[di] = range(0, m_pcv->m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                    if (di == 0)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        di--;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_pcv->m_ic[di] += 1;
+                    m_pcv->m_sv[di] = range(m_pcv->m_ic[di] * m_pcv->m_chunk_shape[di], (m_pcv->m_ic[di] + 1) * m_pcv->m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        m_ci++;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunk_iterator<E>::operator++(int)
+    {
+        xchunk_iterator<E> it = *this;
+        ++(*this);
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
+    {
+        return m_ci == other.m_ci;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::operator*()
+    {
+        auto chunk = strided_view(m_pcv->m_expression, m_pcv->m_sv);
+        return std::make_pair(chunk, m_pcv->m_sv);
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    template <class OE>
+    inline xchunked_view<E>::xchunked_view(OE&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>& chunk_shape)
+        : m_expression(std::forward<OE>(e))
+        , m_chunk_shape(chunk_shape)
+    {
+        m_shape.resize(e.dimension());
+        const auto& s = e.shape();
+        std::copy(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), m_shape.begin());
+        // compute chunk number in each dimension
+        m_shape_of_chunks.resize(m_shape.size());
+        std::transform
+        (
+            m_shape.cbegin(), m_shape.cend(),
+            m_chunk_shape.cbegin(),
+            m_shape_of_chunks.begin(),
+            [](auto s, auto cs)
+            {
+                std::size_t cn = s / cs;
+                if (s % cs > 0)
+                {
+                    cn++; // edge_chunk
+                }
+                return cn;
+            }
+        );
+        m_ic.resize(m_shape.size());
+        m_chunk_nb = std::accumulate(std::begin(m_shape_of_chunks), std::end(m_shape_of_chunks), std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+        m_sv.resize(m_shape.size());
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::begin()
+    {
+        auto it = xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, 0);
+        std::transform(m_chunk_shape.begin(), m_chunk_shape.end(), m_sv.begin(),
+                       [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
+        std::fill(m_ic.begin(), m_ic.end(), std::size_t(0));
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::end()
+    {
+        auto it = xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, m_chunk_nb);
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    template <class OE>
+    xchunked_view<E>& xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    {
+        for (auto it = begin(); it != end(); it++)
+        {
+            auto el = *it;
+            noalias(el.first) = strided_view(e, el.second);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    auto as_chunked(E&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        return xchunked_view<E>(std::forward<E>(e), chunk_shape);
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index e6c5d93c2..f2f4b9cda 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -205,6 +205,8 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
     test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
     test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
+    test_xchunked_array.cpp
+    test_xchunked_view.cpp
     test_xcomplex.cpp
     test_xcsv.cpp
     test_xdatesupport.cpp
@@ -238,7 +240,6 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
     test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
     test_extended_xsort.cpp
-    test_xchunked_array.cpp
     test_sfinae.cpp
 )
 
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0a1b3467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+	TEST(xchunked_view, iterate)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {3, 4};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {1, 2};
+        xarray<double> a(shape);
+        std::size_t chunk_nb = 0;
+        auto chunked_view = xchunked_view<xarray<double>>(a, chunk_shape);
+        for (auto it = chunked_view.begin(); it != chunked_view.end(); it++)
+        {
+            chunk_nb++;
+        }
+
+        std::size_t expected_chunk_nb = (shape[0] / chunk_shape[0]) * (shape[1] / chunk_shape[1]);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(chunk_nb, expected_chunk_nb);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xchunked_view, assign)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {3, 4};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {1, 2};
+        xarray<double> a(shape);
+        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.begin());
+        xarray<double> b(shape);
+
+        as_chunked(b, chunk_shape) = a;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xchunked_view, assign_chunked_array)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
+        auto a = chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
+        xarray<double> b(shape);
+        auto ref = arange(0, 1000).reshape(shape);
+
+        as_chunked(a, chunk_shape) = ref;
+        as_chunked(b, chunk_shape) = a;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(ref, a);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ref, b);
+    }
+}

From 42fc49080522c94ea784541b53ef302ccb0344c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Apr 2021 22:40:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 237/606] Refactoring of xchunked_view

---
 CMakeLists.txt                      |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp  | 181 ++-----------------
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp | 189 ++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp   | 261 +++++++++++++++++-----------
 test/test_xchunked_view.cpp         |   2 +-
 5 files changed, 358 insertions(+), 276 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 67819df9d..cde49f4f7 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 695511542..ed4003d05 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ARRAY_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ARRAY_HPP
 
@@ -5,65 +14,11 @@
 #include <array>
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xchunked_assign.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-    /*********************************
-     * xchunked_semantic declaration *
-     *********************************/
-
-    template <class T, class chunk_storage>
-    class xchunked_assigner
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using temporary_type = T;
-
-        template <class E, class DST>
-        void build_and_assign_temporary(const xexpression<E>& e, DST& dst);
-    };
-
-    template <class D>
-    class xchunked_semantic : public xsemantic_base<D>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using base_type = xsemantic_base<D>;
-        using derived_type = D;
-        using temporary_type = typename base_type::temporary_type;
-
-        template <class E>
-        derived_type& assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e);
-
-        template <class E>
-        derived_type& computed_assign(const xexpression<E>& e);
-
-        template <class E, class F>
-        derived_type& scalar_computed_assign(const E& e, F&& f);
-
-    protected:
-
-        xchunked_semantic() = default;
-        ~xchunked_semantic() = default;
-
-        xchunked_semantic(const xchunked_semantic&) = default;
-        xchunked_semantic& operator=(const xchunked_semantic&) = default;
-
-        xchunked_semantic(xchunked_semantic&&) = default;
-        xchunked_semantic& operator=(xchunked_semantic&&) = default;
-
-        template <class E>
-        derived_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
-
-    private:
-
-        template <class CS>
-        xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS> get_assigner(const CS&) const;
-    };
-
     /******************************
      * xchunked_array declaration *
      ******************************/
@@ -353,122 +308,6 @@ namespace xt
         return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(e, chunk_storage(), chunk_memory_layout);
     }
 
-    /************************************
-     * xchunked_semantic implementation *
-     ************************************/
-
-    template <class T, class CS>
-    template <class E, class DST>
-    inline void xchunked_assigner<T, CS>::build_and_assign_temporary(const xexpression<E>& e, DST& dst)
-    {
-        temporary_type tmp(e, CS(), dst.chunk_shape());
-        dst = std::move(tmp);
-    }
-
-    template <class D>
-    template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
-    {
-        using shape_type = std::decay_t<decltype(this->derived_cast().shape())>;
-        using size_type = typename shape_type::size_type;
-        const auto& chunk_shape = this->derived_cast().chunk_shape();
-        auto& chunks = this->derived_cast().chunks();
-        size_t dimension = this->derived_cast().dimension();
-        xstrided_slice_vector sv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
-        std::transform(chunk_shape.begin(), chunk_shape.end(), sv.begin(),
-                       [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
-        shape_type ic(dimension);  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
-        size_type ci = 0;
-        for (auto& chunk: chunks)
-        {
-            auto rhs = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
-            auto rhs_shape = rhs.shape();
-            if (rhs_shape != chunk_shape)
-            {
-                xstrided_slice_vector esv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice in edge chunk
-                std::transform(rhs_shape.begin(), rhs_shape.end(), esv.begin(),
-                               [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
-                noalias(strided_view(chunk, esv)) = rhs;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                noalias(chunk) = rhs;
-            }
-            bool last_chunk = ci == chunks.size() - 1;
-            if (!last_chunk)
-            {
-                size_type di = dimension - 1;
-                while (true)
-                {
-                    if (ic[di] + 1 == chunks.shape()[di])
-                    {
-                        ic[di] = 0;
-                        sv[di] = range(0, chunk_shape[di]);
-                        if (di == 0)
-                        {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            di--;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        ic[di] += 1;
-                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * chunk_shape[di]);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            ++ci;
-        }
-        return this->derived_cast();
-    }
-
-    template <class D>
-    template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::computed_assign(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
-    {
-        D& d = this->derived_cast();
-        if (e.derived_cast().dimension() > d.dimension()
-            || e.derived_cast().shape() > d.shape())
-        {
-            return operator=(e);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return assign_xexpression(e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class D>
-    template <class E, class F>
-    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::scalar_computed_assign(const E& e, F&& f) -> derived_type&
-    {
-        for (auto& c: this->derived_cast().chunks())
-        {
-            c.scalar_computed_assign(e, f);
-        }
-        return this->derived_cast();
-    }
-
-    template <class D>
-    template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
-    {
-        D& d = this->derived_cast();
-        get_assigner(d.chunks()).build_and_assign_temporary(e, d);
-        return d;
-    }
-
-    template <class D>
-    template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::get_assigner(const CS&) const -> xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>
-    {
-        return xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>();
-    }
-
     /*********************************
      * xchunked_array implementation *
      *********************************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..642b26ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ASSIGN_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ASSIGN_HPP
+
+#include "xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    template <class T, class chunk_storage>
+    class xchunked_assigner
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using temporary_type = T;
+
+        template <class E, class DST>
+        void build_and_assign_temporary(const xexpression<E>& e, DST& dst);
+    };
+
+    /*********************************
+     * xchunked_semantic declaration *
+     *********************************/
+    
+    template <class D>
+    class xchunked_semantic : public xsemantic_base<D>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using base_type = xsemantic_base<D>;
+        using derived_type = D;
+        using temporary_type = typename base_type::temporary_type;
+
+        template <class E>
+        derived_type& assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+        template <class E>
+        derived_type& computed_assign(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+        template <class E, class F>
+        derived_type& scalar_computed_assign(const E& e, F&& f);
+
+    protected:
+
+        xchunked_semantic() = default;
+        ~xchunked_semantic() = default;
+
+        xchunked_semantic(const xchunked_semantic&) = default;
+        xchunked_semantic& operator=(const xchunked_semantic&) = default;
+
+        xchunked_semantic(xchunked_semantic&&) = default;
+        xchunked_semantic& operator=(xchunked_semantic&&) = default;
+
+        template <class E>
+        derived_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
+
+    private:
+
+        template <class CS>
+        xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS> get_assigner(const CS&) const;
+    };
+
+    /************************************
+     * xchunked_semantic implementation *
+     ************************************/
+
+    template <class T, class CS>
+    template <class E, class DST>
+    inline void xchunked_assigner<T, CS>::build_and_assign_temporary(const xexpression<E>& e, DST& dst)
+    {
+        temporary_type tmp(e, CS(), dst.chunk_shape());
+        dst = std::move(tmp);
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        using shape_type = std::decay_t<decltype(this->derived_cast().shape())>;
+        using size_type = typename shape_type::size_type;
+        const auto& chunk_shape = this->derived_cast().chunk_shape();
+        auto& chunks = this->derived_cast().chunks();
+        size_t dimension = this->derived_cast().dimension();
+        xstrided_slice_vector sv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
+        std::transform(chunk_shape.begin(), chunk_shape.end(), sv.begin(),
+                       [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
+        shape_type ic(dimension);  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
+        size_type ci = 0;
+        for (auto& chunk: chunks)
+        {
+            auto rhs = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
+            auto rhs_shape = rhs.shape();
+            if (rhs_shape != chunk_shape)
+            {
+                xstrided_slice_vector esv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice in edge chunk
+                std::transform(rhs_shape.begin(), rhs_shape.end(), esv.begin(),
+                               [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
+                noalias(strided_view(chunk, esv)) = rhs;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                noalias(chunk) = rhs;
+            }
+            bool last_chunk = ci == chunks.size() - 1;
+            if (!last_chunk)
+            {
+                size_type di = dimension - 1;
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    if (ic[di] + 1 == chunks.shape()[di])
+                    {
+                        ic[di] = 0;
+                        sv[di] = range(0, chunk_shape[di]);
+                        if (di == 0)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            di--;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ic[di] += 1;
+                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * chunk_shape[di]);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ++ci;
+        }
+        return this->derived_cast();
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::computed_assign(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        D& d = this->derived_cast();
+        if (e.derived_cast().dimension() > d.dimension()
+            || e.derived_cast().shape() > d.shape())
+        {
+            return operator=(e);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return assign_xexpression(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    template <class E, class F>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::scalar_computed_assign(const E& e, F&& f) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        for (auto& c: this->derived_cast().chunks())
+        {
+            c.scalar_computed_assign(e, f);
+        }
+        return this->derived_cast();
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
+    {
+        D& d = this->derived_cast();
+        get_assigner(d.chunks()).build_and_assign_temporary(e, d);
+        return d;
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::get_assigner(const CS&) const -> xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>
+    {
+        return xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>();
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index b567e9c61..83b6d7041 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -10,77 +10,191 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_VIEW_HPP
 
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+
 #include "xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    /*****************
+     * xchunked_view *
+     *****************/
+
     template <class E>
-    class xchunked_view;
+    class xchunk_iterator;
+
+    template <class E>
+    class xchunked_view
+    {
+    public:
+        
+        using size_type = size_t;
+        using shape_type = svector<size_type>;
+
+        template <class OE, class S>
+        xchunked_view(OE&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
+
+        xchunk_iterator<E> chunk_begin();
+        xchunk_iterator<E> chunk_end();
+
+        template <class OE>
+        xchunked_view<E>& operator=(const OE& e);
+
+    private:
+
+        E m_expression;
+        shape_type m_shape;
+        shape_type m_chunk_shape;
+        shape_type m_grid_shape;
+        size_type m_chunk_nb;
+
+        friend class xchunk_iterator<E>;
+    };
+
+    template <class E, class S>
+    xchunked_view<E> as_chunked(E&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
+
+    /*********************
+     * xchunked_iterator *
+     *********************/
 
     template <class E>
     class xchunk_iterator
     {
     public:
-        xchunk_iterator(xchunked_view<E>& chunked_view, std::size_t chunk_idx);
+
+        using view_type = xchunked_view<E>;
+        using size_type = typename view_type::size_type;
+        using shape_type = typename view_type::shape_type;
+        using slice_vector = xstrided_slice_vector;
+
         xchunk_iterator() = default;
+        xchunk_iterator(view_type& view,
+                        shape_type&& chunk_index,
+                        size_type chunk_linear_index);
 
         xchunk_iterator<E>& operator++();
         xchunk_iterator<E> operator++(int);
+        auto operator*();
+
         bool operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const;
         bool operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const;
-        auto operator*();
+
+        const slice_vector& get_slice_vector() const;
 
     private:
-        xchunked_view<E>* m_pcv;
-        std::size_t m_ci;
+
+        view_type* p_chunked_view;
+        shape_type m_chunk_index;
+        size_type m_chunk_linear_index;
+        xstrided_slice_vector m_slice_vector;
     };
 
+    /********************************
+     * xchunked_view implementation *
+     ********************************/
+
     template <class E>
-    class xchunked_view
+    template <class OE, class S>
+    inline xchunked_view<E>::xchunked_view(OE&& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+        : m_expression(std::forward<OE>(e))
+        , m_chunk_shape(xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S>(chunk_shape))
     {
-    public:
-        template <class OE>
-        xchunked_view(OE&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>& chunk_shape);
+        m_shape.resize(e.dimension());
+        const auto& s = e.shape();
+        std::copy(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), m_shape.begin());
+        // compute chunk number in each dimension
+        m_grid_shape.resize(m_shape.size());
+        std::transform
+        (
+            m_shape.cbegin(), m_shape.cend(),
+            m_chunk_shape.cbegin(),
+            m_grid_shape.begin(),
+            [](auto s, auto cs)
+            {
+                std::size_t cn = s / cs;
+                if (s % cs > 0)
+                {
+                    cn++; // edge_chunk
+                }
+                return cn;
+            }
+        );
+        m_chunk_nb = std::accumulate(std::begin(m_grid_shape), std::end(m_grid_shape), std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+    }
 
-        xchunk_iterator<E> begin();
-        xchunk_iterator<E> end();
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::chunk_begin()
+    {
+        shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
+        return xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
+    }
 
-        template <class OE>
-        xchunked_view<E>& operator=(const OE& e);
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::chunk_end()
+    {
+        auto it = xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, shape_type(m_grid_shape), m_chunk_nb);
+        return it;
+    }
 
-    private:
-        E m_expression;
-        std::vector<std::size_t> m_shape;
-        std::vector<std::size_t> m_chunk_shape;
-        std::vector<std::size_t> m_shape_of_chunks;
-        std::vector<std::size_t> m_ic;
-        std::size_t m_chunk_nb;
-        xstrided_slice_vector m_sv;
+    template <class E>
+    template <class OE>
+    xchunked_view<E>& xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    {
+        for (auto it = chunk_begin(); it != chunk_end(); it++)
+        {
+            auto el = *it;
+            noalias(el) = strided_view(e, it.get_slice_vector());
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        friend class xchunk_iterator<E>;
-    };
+    template <class E, class S>
+    inline xchunked_view<E> as_chunked(E&& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        return xchunked_view<E>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+    }
+
+    /**********************************
+     * xchunk_iterator implementation *
+     **********************************/
 
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E>::xchunk_iterator(xchunked_view<E>& chunked_view, std::size_t chunk_idx)
-        : m_pcv(&chunked_view)
-        , m_ci(chunk_idx)
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E>::xchunk_iterator(view_type& view, shape_type&& chunk_index, size_type chunk_linear_index)
+        : p_chunked_view(&view)
+        , m_chunk_index(std::move(chunk_index))
+        , m_chunk_linear_index(chunk_linear_index)
+        , m_slice_vector(m_chunk_index.size())
     {
+        for (size_type i = 0; i < m_chunk_index.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if (m_chunk_index[i] == 0)
+            {
+                m_slice_vector[i] = range(0, p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[i]);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_slice_vector[i] = range(m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[i],
+                                          (m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[i]);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     template <class E>
     inline xchunk_iterator<E>& xchunk_iterator<E>::operator++()
     {
-        if (m_ci != m_pcv->m_chunk_nb - 1)
+        if (m_chunk_linear_index != p_chunked_view->m_chunk_nb - 1)
         {
-            std::size_t di = m_pcv->m_shape.size() - 1;
+            size_type di = p_chunked_view->m_shape.size() - 1;
             while (true)
             {
-                if (m_pcv->m_ic[di] + 1 == m_pcv->m_shape_of_chunks[di])
+                if (m_chunk_index[di] + 1 == p_chunked_view->m_grid_shape[di])
                 {
-                    m_pcv->m_ic[di] = 0;
-                    m_pcv->m_sv[di] = range(0, m_pcv->m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                    m_chunk_index[di] = 0;
+                    m_slice_vector[di] = range(0, p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[di]);
                     if (di == 0)
                     {
                         break;
@@ -92,13 +206,14 @@ namespace xt
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    m_pcv->m_ic[di] += 1;
-                    m_pcv->m_sv[di] = range(m_pcv->m_ic[di] * m_pcv->m_chunk_shape[di], (m_pcv->m_ic[di] + 1) * m_pcv->m_chunk_shape[di]);
+                    m_chunk_index[di] += 1;
+                    m_slice_vector[di] = range(m_chunk_index[di] * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[di],
+                                                     (m_chunk_index[di] + 1) * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[di]);
                     break;
                 }
             }
         }
-        m_ci++;
+        m_chunk_linear_index++;
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -110,91 +225,29 @@ namespace xt
         return it;
     }
 
-    template <class E>
-    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
-    {
-        return m_ci == other.m_ci;
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
-    {
-        return !(*this == other);
-    }
-
     template <class E>
     inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::operator*()
     {
-        auto chunk = strided_view(m_pcv->m_expression, m_pcv->m_sv);
-        return std::make_pair(chunk, m_pcv->m_sv);
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    template <class OE>
-    inline xchunked_view<E>::xchunked_view(OE&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>& chunk_shape)
-        : m_expression(std::forward<OE>(e))
-        , m_chunk_shape(chunk_shape)
-    {
-        m_shape.resize(e.dimension());
-        const auto& s = e.shape();
-        std::copy(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), m_shape.begin());
-        // compute chunk number in each dimension
-        m_shape_of_chunks.resize(m_shape.size());
-        std::transform
-        (
-            m_shape.cbegin(), m_shape.cend(),
-            m_chunk_shape.cbegin(),
-            m_shape_of_chunks.begin(),
-            [](auto s, auto cs)
-            {
-                std::size_t cn = s / cs;
-                if (s % cs > 0)
-                {
-                    cn++; // edge_chunk
-                }
-                return cn;
-            }
-        );
-        m_ic.resize(m_shape.size());
-        m_chunk_nb = std::accumulate(std::begin(m_shape_of_chunks), std::end(m_shape_of_chunks), std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-        m_sv.resize(m_shape.size());
+        return strided_view(p_chunked_view->m_expression, m_slice_vector);
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::begin()
-    {
-        auto it = xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, 0);
-        std::transform(m_chunk_shape.begin(), m_chunk_shape.end(), m_sv.begin(),
-                       [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
-        std::fill(m_ic.begin(), m_ic.end(), std::size_t(0));
-        return it;
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::end()
+    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
     {
-        auto it = xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, m_chunk_nb);
-        return it;
+        return m_chunk_linear_index == other.m_chunk_linear_index;
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    template <class OE>
-    xchunked_view<E>& xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
     {
-        for (auto it = begin(); it != end(); it++)
-        {
-            auto el = *it;
-            noalias(el.first) = strided_view(e, el.second);
-        }
-        return *this;
+        return !(*this == other);
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    auto as_chunked(E&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>& chunk_shape)
+    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::get_slice_vector() const -> const slice_vector& 
     {
-        return xchunked_view<E>(std::forward<E>(e), chunk_shape);
+        return m_slice_vector;
     }
-
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
index f0a1b3467..6a61f254b 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> a(shape);
         std::size_t chunk_nb = 0;
         auto chunked_view = xchunked_view<xarray<double>>(a, chunk_shape);
-        for (auto it = chunked_view.begin(); it != chunked_view.end(); it++)
+        for (auto it = chunked_view.chunk_begin(); it != chunked_view.chunk_end(); it++)
         {
             chunk_nb++;
         }

From 2e872840a7ebc3e4e8b0f84cbae39360503243b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Apr 2021 16:59:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 238/606] One xchunk_iterator to rule them all

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp  |  45 ++++-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp | 246 ++++++++++++++++++++++------
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp   | 164 +++++--------------
 3 files changed, 280 insertions(+), 175 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index ed4003d05..23a843ec6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = false;
+        using chunk_iterator_type = xchunk_iterator<self_type>;
 
         template <class S>
         xchunked_array(chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         xchunked_array& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
+        size_type dimension() const noexcept;
         const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
         layout_type layout() const noexcept;
         bool is_contiguous() const noexcept;
@@ -126,10 +128,16 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         const_stepper stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
 
-        const shape_type& chunk_shape() const;
+        const shape_type& chunk_shape() const noexcept;
+        size_type grid_size() const noexcept;
+        const shape_type& grid_shape() const noexcept;
+
         chunk_storage_type& chunks();
         const chunk_storage_type& chunks() const;
 
+        chunk_iterator_type chunk_begin();
+        chunk_iterator_type chunk_end();
+
     private:
 
         template <class... Idxs>
@@ -343,6 +351,12 @@ namespace xt
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
 
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
+    {
+        return m_shape.size();
+    }
+
     template <class CS>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
     {
@@ -443,6 +457,24 @@ namespace xt
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
 
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_chunk_shape;
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::grid_size() const noexcept -> size_type
+    {
+        return m_chunks.size();
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::grid_shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_chunks.shape();
+    }
+
     template <class CS>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunks() -> chunk_storage_type&
     {
@@ -456,9 +488,16 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_shape() const -> const shape_type&
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_begin() -> chunk_iterator_type
     {
-        return m_chunk_shape;
+        shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
+        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_end() -> chunk_iterator_type
+    {
+        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, shape_type(grid_shape()), grid_size());
     }
 
     template <class CS>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
index 642b26ebb..574e88bf2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+
+    /*******************
+     * xchunk_assigner *
+     *******************/
+
     template <class T, class chunk_storage>
     class xchunked_assigner
     {
@@ -68,6 +73,103 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS> get_assigner(const CS&) const;
     };
 
+    /*******************
+     * xchunk_iterator *
+     *******************/
+
+    template <class CS>
+    class xchunked_array;
+
+    template <class E>
+    class xchunked_view;
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class T>
+        struct is_xchunked_array : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class CS>
+        struct is_xchunked_array<xchunked_array<CS>> : std::true_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct is_xchunked_view : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class E>
+        struct is_xchunked_view<xchunked_view<E>> : std::true_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        struct invalid_chunk_iterator {};
+
+        template <class A>
+        struct xchunk_iterator_array
+        {
+            inline decltype(auto) get_chunk(A& arr, typename A::size_type i, const xstrided_slice_vector&) const
+            {
+                return *(arr.chunks().begin() + i);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class V>
+        struct xchunk_iterator_view
+        {
+            inline auto get_chunk(V& view, typename V::size_type, const xstrided_slice_vector& sv) const
+            {
+                return xt::strided_view(view.expression(), sv);
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct xchunk_iterator_base
+            : std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_array<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
+                                 xchunk_iterator_array<T>,
+                                 std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_view<T>::value,
+                                                    xchunk_iterator_view<T>,
+                                                    invalid_chunk_iterator>>
+        {
+        };
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    class xchunk_iterator : private detail::xchunk_iterator_base<E>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        using base_type = detail::xchunk_iterator_base<E>;
+        using self_type = xchunk_iterator<E>;
+        using size_type = typename E::size_type;
+        using shape_type = typename E::shape_type;
+        using slice_vector = xstrided_slice_vector;
+
+        xchunk_iterator() = default;
+        xchunk_iterator(E& chunked_expression,
+                        shape_type&& chunk_index,
+                        size_type chunk_linear_index);
+        
+        self_type& operator++();
+        self_type operator++(int);
+        decltype(auto) operator*() const;
+
+        bool operator==(const self_type& rhs) const;
+        bool operator!=(const self_type& rhs) const;
+
+        const slice_vector& get_slice_vector() const;
+
+    private:
+
+        E* p_chunked_expression;
+        shape_type m_chunk_index;
+        size_type m_chunk_linear_index;
+        xstrided_slice_vector m_slice_vector;
+    };
+
     /************************************
      * xchunked_semantic implementation *
      ************************************/
@@ -84,60 +186,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
-        using shape_type = std::decay_t<decltype(this->derived_cast().shape())>;
-        using size_type = typename shape_type::size_type;
-        const auto& chunk_shape = this->derived_cast().chunk_shape();
-        auto& chunks = this->derived_cast().chunks();
-        size_t dimension = this->derived_cast().dimension();
-        xstrided_slice_vector sv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice corresponding to chunk
-        std::transform(chunk_shape.begin(), chunk_shape.end(), sv.begin(),
-                       [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
-        shape_type ic(dimension);  // index of chunk, initialized to 0...
-        size_type ci = 0;
-        for (auto& chunk: chunks)
+        auto& d = this->derived_cast();
+        for (auto it = d.chunk_begin(); it != d.chunk_end(); ++it)
         {
-            auto rhs = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), sv);
-            auto rhs_shape = rhs.shape();
-            if (rhs_shape != chunk_shape)
-            {
-                xstrided_slice_vector esv(chunk_shape.size());  // element slice in edge chunk
-                std::transform(rhs_shape.begin(), rhs_shape.end(), esv.begin(),
-                               [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
-                noalias(strided_view(chunk, esv)) = rhs;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                noalias(chunk) = rhs;
-            }
-            bool last_chunk = ci == chunks.size() - 1;
-            if (!last_chunk)
-            {
-                size_type di = dimension - 1;
-                while (true)
-                {
-                    if (ic[di] + 1 == chunks.shape()[di])
-                    {
-                        ic[di] = 0;
-                        sv[di] = range(0, chunk_shape[di]);
-                        if (di == 0)
-                        {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            di--;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        ic[di] += 1;
-                        sv[di] = range(ic[di] * chunk_shape[di], (ic[di] + 1) * chunk_shape[di]);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            ++ci;
+            noalias(*it) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), it.get_slice_vector());
         }
+
         return this->derived_cast();
     }
 
@@ -183,6 +237,94 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xchunked_assigner<temporary_type, CS>();
     }
+
+    /**********************************
+     * xchunk_iterator implementation *
+     **********************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E>::xchunk_iterator(E& expression, shape_type&& chunk_index, size_type chunk_linear_index)
+        : p_chunked_expression(&expression)
+        , m_chunk_index(std::move(chunk_index))
+        , m_chunk_linear_index(chunk_linear_index)
+        , m_slice_vector(m_chunk_index.size())
+    {
+        for (size_type i = 0; i < m_chunk_index.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if (m_chunk_index[i] == 0)
+            {
+                m_slice_vector[i] = range(0, p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i]);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                size_type range_start = m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
+                size_type range_end = std::min((m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i],
+                                                p_chunked_expression->shape()[i]);
+                m_slice_vector[i] = range(range_start, range_end);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E>& xchunk_iterator<E>::operator++()
+    {
+        if (m_chunk_linear_index + 1u != p_chunked_expression->grid_size())
+        {
+            size_type i = p_chunked_expression->dimension();
+            while (i != 0)
+            {
+                --i;
+                if (m_chunk_index[i] + 1u == p_chunked_expression->grid_shape()[i])
+                {
+                    m_chunk_index[i] = 0;
+                    m_slice_vector[i] = range(0, p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i]);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_chunk_index[i] += 1;
+                    size_type range_start = m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
+                    size_type range_end = std::min((m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i],
+                                                   p_chunked_expression->shape()[i]);
+                    m_slice_vector[i] = range(range_start, range_end);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        m_chunk_linear_index++;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunk_iterator<E>::operator++(int)
+    {
+        xchunk_iterator<E> it = *this;
+        ++(*this);
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline decltype(auto) xchunk_iterator<E>::operator*() const
+    {
+        return base_type::get_chunk(*p_chunked_expression, m_chunk_linear_index, m_slice_vector);
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
+    {
+        return m_chunk_linear_index == other.m_chunk_linear_index;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::get_slice_vector() const -> const slice_vector& 
+    {
+        return m_slice_vector;
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index 83b6d7041..573719c5c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -31,18 +31,30 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
         
+        using self_type = xchunked_view<E>;
+        using expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;
         using size_type = size_t;
         using shape_type = svector<size_type>;
+        using chunk_iterator_type = xchunk_iterator<self_type>;
 
         template <class OE, class S>
         xchunked_view(OE&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
 
-        xchunk_iterator<E> chunk_begin();
-        xchunk_iterator<E> chunk_end();
-
         template <class OE>
         xchunked_view<E>& operator=(const OE& e);
 
+        size_type dimension() const noexcept;
+        const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
+        const shape_type& chunk_shape() const noexcept;
+        size_type grid_size() const noexcept;
+        const shape_type& grid_shape() const noexcept;
+
+        expression_type& expression() noexcept;
+        const expression_type& expression() const noexcept;
+
+        chunk_iterator_type chunk_begin();
+        chunk_iterator_type chunk_end();
+
     private:
 
         E m_expression;
@@ -50,49 +62,11 @@ namespace xt
         shape_type m_chunk_shape;
         shape_type m_grid_shape;
         size_type m_chunk_nb;
-
-        friend class xchunk_iterator<E>;
     };
 
     template <class E, class S>
     xchunked_view<E> as_chunked(E&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
 
-    /*********************
-     * xchunked_iterator *
-     *********************/
-
-    template <class E>
-    class xchunk_iterator
-    {
-    public:
-
-        using view_type = xchunked_view<E>;
-        using size_type = typename view_type::size_type;
-        using shape_type = typename view_type::shape_type;
-        using slice_vector = xstrided_slice_vector;
-
-        xchunk_iterator() = default;
-        xchunk_iterator(view_type& view,
-                        shape_type&& chunk_index,
-                        size_type chunk_linear_index);
-
-        xchunk_iterator<E>& operator++();
-        xchunk_iterator<E> operator++(int);
-        auto operator*();
-
-        bool operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const;
-        bool operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const;
-
-        const slice_vector& get_slice_vector() const;
-
-    private:
-
-        view_type* p_chunked_view;
-        shape_type m_chunk_index;
-        size_type m_chunk_linear_index;
-        xstrided_slice_vector m_slice_vector;
-    };
-
     /********************************
      * xchunked_view implementation *
      ********************************/
@@ -126,20 +100,6 @@ namespace xt
         m_chunk_nb = std::accumulate(std::begin(m_grid_shape), std::end(m_grid_shape), std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
     }
 
-    template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::chunk_begin()
-    {
-        shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
-        return xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
-    }
-
-    template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunked_view<E>::chunk_end()
-    {
-        auto it = xchunk_iterator<E>(*this, shape_type(m_grid_shape), m_chunk_nb);
-        return it;
-    }
-
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
     xchunked_view<E>& xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
@@ -152,101 +112,65 @@ namespace xt
         return *this;
     }
 
-    template <class E, class S>
-    inline xchunked_view<E> as_chunked(E&& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
-        return xchunked_view<E>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
+        return m_shape.size();
     }
 
-    /**********************************
-     * xchunk_iterator implementation *
-     **********************************/
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_shape;
+    }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E>::xchunk_iterator(view_type& view, shape_type&& chunk_index, size_type chunk_linear_index)
-        : p_chunked_view(&view)
-        , m_chunk_index(std::move(chunk_index))
-        , m_chunk_linear_index(chunk_linear_index)
-        , m_slice_vector(m_chunk_index.size())
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
     {
-        for (size_type i = 0; i < m_chunk_index.size(); ++i)
-        {
-            if (m_chunk_index[i] == 0)
-            {
-                m_slice_vector[i] = range(0, p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[i]);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                m_slice_vector[i] = range(m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[i],
-                                          (m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[i]);
-            }
-        }
+        return m_chunk_shape;
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E>& xchunk_iterator<E>::operator++()
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::grid_size() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
-        if (m_chunk_linear_index != p_chunked_view->m_chunk_nb - 1)
-        {
-            size_type di = p_chunked_view->m_shape.size() - 1;
-            while (true)
-            {
-                if (m_chunk_index[di] + 1 == p_chunked_view->m_grid_shape[di])
-                {
-                    m_chunk_index[di] = 0;
-                    m_slice_vector[di] = range(0, p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[di]);
-                    if (di == 0)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        di--;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    m_chunk_index[di] += 1;
-                    m_slice_vector[di] = range(m_chunk_index[di] * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[di],
-                                                     (m_chunk_index[di] + 1) * p_chunked_view->m_chunk_shape[di]);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        m_chunk_linear_index++;
-        return *this;
+        return m_chunk_nb;
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline xchunk_iterator<E> xchunk_iterator<E>::operator++(int)
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::grid_shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
     {
-        xchunk_iterator<E> it = *this;
-        ++(*this);
-        return it;
+        return m_grid_shape;
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::operator*()
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::expression() noexcept -> expression_type&
     {
-        return strided_view(p_chunked_view->m_expression, m_slice_vector);
+        return m_expression;
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator==(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::expression() const noexcept -> const expression_type&
     {
-        return m_chunk_linear_index == other.m_chunk_linear_index;
+        return m_expression;
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline bool xchunk_iterator<E>::operator!=(const xchunk_iterator& other) const
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_begin() -> chunk_iterator_type
     {
-        return !(*this == other);
+        shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
+        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::get_slice_vector() const -> const slice_vector& 
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_end() -> chunk_iterator_type
     {
-        return m_slice_vector;
+        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, shape_type(grid_shape()), grid_size());
+    }
+
+    template <class E, class S>
+    inline xchunked_view<E> as_chunked(E&& e, S&& chunk_shape)
+    {
+        return xchunked_view<E>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
     }
 }
 

From 05c88440bc72a5d1b5dccabd9ee4ec043131348f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2021 11:09:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 239/606] Release 0.23.5

---
 README.md                          | 12 +-----------
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 12 ++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9279f2461..3ddfae8ee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,23 +84,13 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.4   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.3   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.2   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.21.10  | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.21.9   | ^0.6.21 |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.21.8   | ^0.6.20 |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.21.7   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.21.6   | ^0.6.18 |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.21.5   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
-|  0.21.4   | ^0.6.12 |       ^7.4.6      |
-|  0.21.3   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
-|  0.21.2   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.4      |
-|  0.21.1   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.2      |
-|  0.21.0   | ^0.6.9  |       ^7.4.2      |
 
 The dependency on `xsimd` is required if you want to enable SIMD acceleration
 in `xtensor`. This can be done by defining the macro `XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD`
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 0f3c51461..f397b6c6b 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,18 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.5
+------
+
+- No need to explicitly install blas anymore with latest xtensor-blas
+  `#2343 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2343`
+- FIX for xtensor-stack/xtl/issues/245 
+  `#2344 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2344`
+- Implement grid view
+  `#2346 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2346`
+- Refactoring of xchunked_view 
+  `#2353 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2353`
+
 0.23.4
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 9d2d7027a..6b90ae5c2 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.4
+  - xtensor=0.23.5
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 5d984cf87..8d822e3f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 4
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 5
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From f3b1e96d505d37af998daa04fa818422fef0bc00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Apr 2021 20:24:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 240/606] Update installation instructions to mention mamba

---
 README.md                    | 4 ++--
 docs/source/installation.rst | 8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3ddfae8ee..e54aae0e6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ compilers are supported:
 
 ### Package managers
 
-We provide a package for the conda package manager:
+We provide a package for the mamba (or conda) package manager:
 
 ```bash
-conda install -c conda-forge xtensor
+mamba install -c conda-forge xtensor
 ```
 
 ### Install from sources
diff --git a/docs/source/installation.rst b/docs/source/installation.rst
index 68fefe52a..f7945134c 100644
--- a/docs/source/installation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/installation.rst
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ cmake's ``find_package`` to locate xtensor headers.
 
 .. image:: conda.svg
 
-Using the conda package
------------------------
+Using the conda-forge package
+-----------------------------
 
-A package for xtensor is available on the conda package manager.
+A package for xtensor is available on the mamba (or conda) package manager.
 
 .. code::
 
-    conda install -c conda-forge xtensor
+    mamba install -c conda-forge xtensor
 
 .. image:: debian.svg
 

From a4dea7062f2f7c563056025c661f38620bcbcbb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Apr 2021 21:40:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 241/606] Fixed grid_shape return type

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 23a843ec6..46553785d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         using chunk_storage_type = chunk_storage;
         using chunk_type = typename chunk_storage::value_type;
+        using grid_shape_type = typename chunk_storage::shape_type;
         using const_reference = typename chunk_type::const_reference;
         using reference = typename chunk_type::reference;
         using self_type = xchunked_array<chunk_storage>;
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         const shape_type& chunk_shape() const noexcept;
         size_type grid_size() const noexcept;
-        const shape_type& grid_shape() const noexcept;
+        const grid_shape_type& grid_shape() const noexcept;
 
         chunk_storage_type& chunks();
         const chunk_storage_type& chunks() const;
@@ -470,7 +471,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::grid_shape() const noexcept -> const shape_type&
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::grid_shape() const noexcept -> const grid_shape_type&
     {
         return m_chunks.shape();
     }
@@ -497,7 +498,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CS>
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_end() -> chunk_iterator_type
     {
-        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, shape_type(grid_shape()), grid_size());
+        shape_type sh = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, const grid_shape_type>(grid_shape());
+        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, std::move(sh), grid_size());
     }
 
     template <class CS>

From 908229ef0565aa932d6bb992d4fd35cc417f3ccb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Apr 2021 22:41:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 242/606] Added assertion in resize method

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xexception.hpp |  2 +-
 test/test_xarray.cpp           |  7 +++++++
 test/test_xtensor.cpp          |  9 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 06917bcaa..7a116804c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -898,6 +898,18 @@ namespace xt
             (void) size;
             XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(c.size() == size, "Trying to resize const data container with wrong size.");
         }
+
+        template <class S, class T>
+        constexpr bool check_resize_dimension(const S&, const T&)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        template <class T, size_t N, class S>
+        constexpr bool check_resize_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&, const S& s)
+        {
+            return N == s.size();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -911,6 +923,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::resize(S&& shape, bool force)
     {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
+                           "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor")
         std::size_t dim = shape.size();
         if (m_shape.size() != dim || !std::equal(std::begin(shape), std::end(shape), std::begin(m_shape)) || force)
         {
@@ -938,6 +952,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::resize(S&& shape, layout_type l)
     {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
+                           "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor")
         if (base_type::static_layout != layout_type::dynamic && l != base_type::static_layout)
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot change layout_type if template parameter not layout_type::dynamic.");
@@ -957,6 +973,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides)
     {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
+                           "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor")
         if (base_type::static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
index d35dada45..3449704df 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range,
                           "Number of arguments (" + std::to_string(sizeof...(Args)) +
-                          ") us greater than the number of dimensions (" +
+                          ") is greater than the number of dimensions (" +
                           std::to_string(shape.size()) + ")");
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index af525e1eb..2a23de052 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -147,7 +147,14 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xarray, resize)
     {
         xarray_dynamic a;
+        std::vector<size_t> shape = {2, 2};
+        xarray_dynamic::strides_type strides = {2, 1};
         test_resize(a);
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(a.resize(shape));
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(a.resize(shape, layout_type::row_major));
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(a.resize(shape, strides));
+#endif
     }
 
     TEST(xarray, reshape)
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index f9c2fa9be..79e913374 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -171,6 +171,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xtensor_dynamic a;
         test_resize<xtensor_dynamic, storage_type>(a);
+
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+        xtensor_dynamic b;
+        std::vector<size_t> s = { 2u, 2u };
+        xtensor_dynamic::strides_type strides = {2u, 1u};
+        EXPECT_THROW(b.resize(s), std::runtime_error);
+        EXPECT_THROW(b.resize(s, layout_type::dynamic), std::runtime_error);
+        EXPECT_THROW(b.resize(s, strides), std::runtime_error);
+#endif
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, reshape)

From 2b9c2b02ccc8b1ce6657f53aba6a36994db3bd4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2021 01:36:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 243/606] Added const chunk iterators

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp  | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp       | 26 +++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 46553785d..95ef16542 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = false;
-        using chunk_iterator_type = xchunk_iterator<self_type>;
+        using chunk_iterator = xchunk_iterator<self_type>;
+        using const_chunk_iterator = xchunk_iterator<const self_type>;
 
         template <class S>
         xchunked_array(chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
@@ -136,8 +137,13 @@ namespace xt
         chunk_storage_type& chunks();
         const chunk_storage_type& chunks() const;
 
-        chunk_iterator_type chunk_begin();
-        chunk_iterator_type chunk_end();
+        chunk_iterator chunk_begin();
+        chunk_iterator chunk_end();
+
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_begin() const;
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_end() const;
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_cbegin() const;
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_cend() const;
 
     private:
 
@@ -489,17 +495,44 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_begin() -> chunk_iterator_type
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_begin() -> chunk_iterator
+    {
+        shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
+        return chunk_iterator(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_end() -> chunk_iterator
+    {
+        shape_type sh = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, const grid_shape_type>(grid_shape());
+        return chunk_iterator(*this, std::move(sh), grid_size());
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_begin() const -> const_chunk_iterator
     {
         shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
-        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
+        return const_chunk_iterator(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
     }
 
     template <class CS>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_end() -> chunk_iterator_type
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_end() const -> const_chunk_iterator
     {
         shape_type sh = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, const grid_shape_type>(grid_shape());
-        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, std::move(sh), grid_size());
+        return const_chunk_iterator(*this, std::move(sh), grid_size());
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_cbegin() const -> const_chunk_iterator
+    {
+        return chunk_begin();
+    }
+
+    template <class CS>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_cend() const -> const_chunk_iterator
+    {
+        return chunk_end();
+
     }
 
     template <class CS>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index 573719c5c..b9dc256a1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ namespace xt
         using expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;
         using size_type = size_t;
         using shape_type = svector<size_type>;
-        using chunk_iterator_type = xchunk_iterator<self_type>;
+        using chunk_iterator = xchunk_iterator<self_type>;
+        using const_chunk_iterator = xchunk_iterator<const self_type>;
 
         template <class OE, class S>
         xchunked_view(OE&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
@@ -52,8 +53,13 @@ namespace xt
         expression_type& expression() noexcept;
         const expression_type& expression() const noexcept;
 
-        chunk_iterator_type chunk_begin();
-        chunk_iterator_type chunk_end();
+        chunk_iterator chunk_begin();
+        chunk_iterator chunk_end();
+
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_begin() const;
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_end() const;
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_cbegin() const;
+        const_chunk_iterator chunk_cend() const;
 
     private:
 
@@ -155,16 +161,41 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_begin() -> chunk_iterator_type
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_begin() -> chunk_iterator
+    {
+        shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
+        return chunk_iterator(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_end() -> chunk_iterator
+    {
+        return chunk_iterator(*this, shape_type(grid_shape()), grid_size());
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_begin() const -> const_chunk_iterator
     {
         shape_type chunk_index(m_shape.size(), size_type(0));
-        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
+        return const_chunk_iterator(*this, std::move(chunk_index), 0u);
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_end() const -> const_chunk_iterator
+    {
+        return const_chunk_iterator(*this, shape_type(grid_shape()), grid_size());
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_cbegin() const -> const_chunk_iterator
+    {
+        return chunk_begin();
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_end() -> chunk_iterator_type
+    inline auto xchunked_view<E>::chunk_cend() const -> const_chunk_iterator
     {
-        return chunk_iterator_type(*this, shape_type(grid_shape()), grid_size());
+        return chunk_end();
     }
 
     template <class E, class S>
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 76c4ef4ae..6c148febe 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -123,4 +123,30 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
+
+    TEST(xchunked_array, chunk_iterator)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 2, 2};
+        auto a = chunked_array<double>(shape, chunk_shape);
+        xt::xarray<double> b = arange(1000).reshape({10, 10, 10});
+        noalias(a) = b;
+
+        auto it = a.chunk_begin();
+        auto cit = a.chunk_cbegin();
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+        {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; ++j)
+            {
+                for (size_t k = 0; k < 5; ++k)
+                {
+                    EXPECT_EQ(*((*it).begin()), a(2*i, 2*j, 2*k));
+                    EXPECT_EQ(*((*cit).cbegin()), a(2*i, 2*j, 2*k));
+                    ++it;
+                    ++cit;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

From 60ce4002d675ef2fc12842cb066b2d291d6f021e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2021 09:46:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 244/606] Added required types to xchunk_iterator

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp | 11 +++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp   |  8 +++++++-
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp        |  4 ++++
 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
index 574e88bf2..aa9f528a6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class A>
         struct xchunk_iterator_array
         {
+            using reference = decltype(*(std::declval<A>().chunks().begin()));
+
             inline decltype(auto) get_chunk(A& arr, typename A::size_type i, const xstrided_slice_vector&) const
             {
                 return *(arr.chunks().begin() + i);
@@ -119,6 +121,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         struct xchunk_iterator_view
         {
+            using reference = decltype(xt::strided_view(std::declval<V>().expression(), std::declval<xstrided_slice_vector>()));
+            
             inline auto get_chunk(V& view, typename V::size_type, const xstrided_slice_vector& sv) const
             {
                 return xt::strided_view(view.expression(), sv);
@@ -148,6 +152,13 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = typename E::shape_type;
         using slice_vector = xstrided_slice_vector;
 
+        using reference = typename base_type::reference;
+        using value_type = std::remove_reference_t<reference>;
+        using pointer = value_type*;
+        using difference_type = typename E::difference_type;
+        using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+
         xchunk_iterator() = default;
         xchunk_iterator(E& chunked_expression,
                         shape_type&& chunk_index,
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index b9dc256a1..7119ed6a3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -33,7 +33,13 @@ namespace xt
         
         using self_type = xchunked_view<E>;
         using expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;
-        using size_type = size_t;
+        using value_type = typename expression_type::value_type;
+        using reference = typename expression_type::reference;
+        using const_reference = typename expression_type::const_reference;
+        using pointer = typename expression_type::pointer;
+        using const_pointer = typename expression_type::const_pointer;
+        using size_type = typename expression_type::size_type;
+        using difference_type = typename expression_type::difference_type;
         using shape_type = svector<size_type>;
         using chunk_iterator = xchunk_iterator<self_type>;
         using const_chunk_iterator = xchunk_iterator<const self_type>;
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 6c148febe..589fdb546 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -148,5 +148,9 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        it = a.chunk_begin();
+        std::advance(it, 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(*((*it).begin()), a(0, 0, 4));
     }
 }

From ec8db289b80d30493302bc2ad543be39d43aa75b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2021 18:31:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 245/606] Fixed chunk assignment

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp        | 15 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
index aa9f528a6..bea7427ab 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -172,9 +172,12 @@ namespace xt
         bool operator!=(const self_type& rhs) const;
 
         const slice_vector& get_slice_vector() const;
+        slice_vector get_chunk_slice_vector() const;
 
     private:
 
+        void fill_slice_vector(size_type index);
+
         E* p_chunked_expression;
         shape_type m_chunk_index;
         size_type m_chunk_linear_index;
@@ -198,9 +201,20 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::assign_xexpression(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
         auto& d = this->derived_cast();
-        for (auto it = d.chunk_begin(); it != d.chunk_end(); ++it)
+        const auto& chunk_shape = d.chunk_shape();
+        size_t i = 0;
+        auto it_end = d.chunk_end();
+        for (auto it = d.chunk_begin(); it != it_end; ++it, ++i)
         {
-            noalias(*it) = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), it.get_slice_vector());
+            auto rhs = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), it.get_slice_vector());
+            if (rhs.shape() != chunk_shape)
+            {
+                noalias(strided_view(*it, it.get_chunk_slice_vector())) = rhs;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                noalias(*it) = rhs;
+            }
         }
 
         return this->derived_cast();
@@ -262,17 +276,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         for (size_type i = 0; i < m_chunk_index.size(); ++i)
         {
-            if (m_chunk_index[i] == 0)
-            {
-                m_slice_vector[i] = range(0, p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i]);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                size_type range_start = m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
-                size_type range_end = std::min((m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i],
-                                                p_chunked_expression->shape()[i]);
-                m_slice_vector[i] = range(range_start, range_end);
-            }
+            fill_slice_vector(i);
         }
     }
 
@@ -288,15 +292,12 @@ namespace xt
                 if (m_chunk_index[i] + 1u == p_chunked_expression->grid_shape()[i])
                 {
                     m_chunk_index[i] = 0;
-                    m_slice_vector[i] = range(0, p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i]);
+                    fill_slice_vector(i);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     m_chunk_index[i] += 1;
-                    size_type range_start = m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
-                    size_type range_end = std::min((m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i],
-                                                   p_chunked_expression->shape()[i]);
-                    m_slice_vector[i] = range(range_start, range_end);
+                    fill_slice_vector(i);
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -336,6 +337,29 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_slice_vector;
     }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::get_chunk_slice_vector() const -> slice_vector
+    {
+        slice_vector slices(m_chunk_index.size());
+        for (size_type i = 0; i < m_chunk_index.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            size_type chunk_shape = p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
+            size_type end = std::min(chunk_shape,
+                                     p_chunked_expression->shape()[i] - m_chunk_index[i] * chunk_shape);
+            slices[i] = range(0u, end);
+        }
+        return slices;
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline void xchunk_iterator<E>::fill_slice_vector(size_type i)
+    {
+        size_type range_start = m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
+        size_type range_end = std::min((m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i],
+                                        p_chunked_expression->shape()[i]);
+        m_slice_vector[i] = range(range_start, range_end);
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 589fdb546..7da81fc69 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val + 2.);
         }
 
-
         xarray<double> a3
           {{1., 2., 3.},
            {4., 5., 6.},
@@ -110,6 +109,20 @@ namespace xt
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 3);
         }
+
+        std::vector<size_t> shape3 = {3, 3};
+        std::vector<size_t> chunk_shape3 = {1, 2};
+        auto a7 = chunked_array<double>(shape3, chunk_shape3);
+        for (auto it = a7.chunks().begin(); it != a7.chunks().end(); ++it)
+        {
+            it->resize(chunk_shape3);
+        }
+
+        a7 = a3;
+        for (auto it = a7.chunks().begin(); it != a7.chunks().end(); ++it)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(it->shape(), chunk_shape3);
+        }
     }
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, noalias)

From a1f6b16ca9a2a47e53a074c17e4fe974808edbd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Apr 2021 07:09:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 246/606] Release 0.23.6

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 14 ++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e54aae0e6..a60d6c2ee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.4   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.3   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index f397b6c6b..30267001a 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.6
+------
+
+- Update installation instructions to mention mamba
+  `#2357 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2357`
+- Fixed grid_shape return type
+  `#2360 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2360`
+- Added assertion in resize method
+  `#2361 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2361`
+- Added const chunk iterators
+  `#2362 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2362`
+- Fixed chunk assignment 
+  `#2363 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2363`
+
 0.23.5
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 6b90ae5c2..9559e7156 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.5
+  - xtensor=0.23.6
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 8d822e3f3..5f9695d2f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 5
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From df0b00507c3da8c570f00a1191617a439e4bf777 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Apr 2021 13:34:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 247/606] Fixed chunk assignment

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
index bea7427ab..0588be4d5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             inline decltype(auto) get_chunk(A& arr, typename A::size_type i, const xstrided_slice_vector&) const
             {
-                return *(arr.chunks().begin() + i);
+                using difference_type = typename A::difference_type;
+                return *(arr.chunks().begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(i));
             }
         };
 

From 644970a7d0f7b05f7eedbdc714db418ab1c4b13e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Apr 2021 19:04:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 248/606] Release 0.23.7

---
 README.md                          | 1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 6 ++++++
 environment.yml                    | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a60d6c2ee..8088d6946 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.4   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 30267001a..29f337d23 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.7
+------
+
+- Fixed chunked_iterator
+  `#2365 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2365`
+
 0.23.6
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 9559e7156..65d23175c 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.6
+  - xtensor=0.23.7
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 5f9695d2f..03f505cee 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 7
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From e2ffd6216a9e503036bab093764915a8a68b25f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2021 10:09:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 249/606] Specialize operator= when RHS is chunked

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index 7119ed6a3..0d3c7f109 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -19,6 +19,21 @@
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    // SFINAE test if chunked
+    template <typename T>
+    class has_chunks
+    {
+    private:
+        typedef char YesType[1];
+        typedef char NoType[2];
+
+        template <typename C> static YesType& test(decltype(&C::chunk_shape));
+        template <typename C> static NoType& test(...);
+
+    public:
+        enum { value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(YesType) };
+    };
+
     /*****************
      * xchunked_view *
      *****************/
@@ -48,7 +63,10 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_view(OE&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
 
         template <class OE>
-        xchunked_view<E>& operator=(const OE& e);
+        typename std::enable_if<!has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
+
+        template <class OE>
+        typename std::enable_if<has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
 
         size_type dimension() const noexcept;
         const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
@@ -114,7 +132,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
-    xchunked_view<E>& xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    typename std::enable_if<!has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
     {
         for (auto it = chunk_begin(); it != chunk_end(); it++)
         {
@@ -124,6 +142,30 @@ namespace xt
         return *this;
     }
 
+    template <class E>
+    template <class OE>
+    typename std::enable_if<has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    {
+        for (auto it1 = chunk_begin(), it2 = e.chunks().begin(); it1 != chunk_end(); it1++, it2++)
+        {
+            auto el1 = *it1;
+            auto el2 = *it2;
+            auto lhs_shape = el1.shape();
+            if (lhs_shape != el2.shape())
+            {
+                xstrided_slice_vector esv(el2.dimension());  // element slice in edge chunk
+                std::transform(lhs_shape.begin(), lhs_shape.end(), esv.begin(),
+                               [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
+                noalias(el1) = strided_view(el2, esv);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                noalias(el1) = el2;
+            }
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     template <class E>
     inline auto xchunked_view<E>::dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
     {

From 915236ed7ad0895a744d1f8b8289589c49577a2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2021 10:38:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 250/606] Changes according to review

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp |  9 ++++++++
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp  | 33 ++++++++++--------------------
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 95ef16542..410d122b0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -184,6 +184,9 @@ namespace xt
     template<class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr bool is_chunked();
+
     /**
      * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
      * This function returns an uninitialized ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>``.
@@ -286,6 +289,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     template<class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>&)
+    {
+        return is_chunked<E>();
+    }
+
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr bool is_chunked()
     {
         using return_type = typename detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked;
         return return_type::value;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index 0d3c7f109..179b4296b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -15,25 +15,11 @@
 #include "xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xstorage.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-    // SFINAE test if chunked
-    template <typename T>
-    class has_chunks
-    {
-    private:
-        typedef char YesType[1];
-        typedef char NoType[2];
-
-        template <typename C> static YesType& test(decltype(&C::chunk_shape));
-        template <typename C> static NoType& test(...);
-
-    public:
-        enum { value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(YesType) };
-    };
-
     /*****************
      * xchunked_view *
      *****************/
@@ -45,7 +31,7 @@ namespace xt
     class xchunked_view
     {
     public:
-        
+
         using self_type = xchunked_view<E>;
         using expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;
         using value_type = typename expression_type::value_type;
@@ -63,10 +49,10 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_view(OE&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
 
         template <class OE>
-        typename std::enable_if<!has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
+        typename std::enable_if<!is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
 
         template <class OE>
-        typename std::enable_if<has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
+        typename std::enable_if<is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
 
         size_type dimension() const noexcept;
         const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
@@ -132,9 +118,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
-    typename std::enable_if<!has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    typename std::enable_if<!is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
     {
-        for (auto it = chunk_begin(); it != chunk_end(); it++)
+        auto end = chunk_end();
+        for (auto it = chunk_begin(); it != end; ++it)
         {
             auto el = *it;
             noalias(el) = strided_view(e, it.get_slice_vector());
@@ -144,9 +131,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
-    typename std::enable_if<has_chunks<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    typename std::enable_if<is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
     {
-        for (auto it1 = chunk_begin(), it2 = e.chunks().begin(); it1 != chunk_end(); it1++, it2++)
+        auto it2 = e.chunks().begin();
+        auto end1 = chunk_end();
+        for (auto it1 = chunk_begin(); it1 != end1; ++it1, ++it2)
         {
             auto el1 = *it1;
             auto el2 = *it2;

From 9936e0eb8fa5480d6aa49cfdedb2e710899a5468 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Brochart <david.brochart@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2021 14:05:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 251/606] Overload as_view(e) for chunked RHS

---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index 179b4296b..1caac4fd5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    template <class E>
+    struct is_chunked_t: detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked
+    {
+    };
+
     /*****************
      * xchunked_view *
      *****************/
@@ -49,10 +54,15 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_view(OE&& e, S&& chunk_shape);
 
         template <class OE>
-        typename std::enable_if<!is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
+        xchunked_view(OE&& e);
+
+        void init();
+
+        template <class OE>
+        typename std::enable_if_t<!is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&> operator=(const OE& e);
 
         template <class OE>
-        typename std::enable_if<is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type operator=(const OE& e);
+        typename std::enable_if_t<is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&> operator=(const OE& e);
 
         size_type dimension() const noexcept;
         const shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
@@ -96,6 +106,22 @@ namespace xt
         m_shape.resize(e.dimension());
         const auto& s = e.shape();
         std::copy(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), m_shape.begin());
+        init();
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    template <class OE>
+    inline xchunked_view<E>::xchunked_view(OE&& e)
+        : m_expression(std::forward<OE>(e))
+    {
+        m_shape.resize(e.dimension());
+        const auto& s = e.shape();
+        std::copy(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), m_shape.begin());
+    }
+
+    template <class E>
+    void xchunked_view<E>::init()
+    {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension
         m_grid_shape.resize(m_shape.size());
         std::transform
@@ -118,7 +144,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
-    typename std::enable_if<!is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    typename std::enable_if_t<!is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&> xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
     {
         auto end = chunk_end();
         for (auto it = chunk_begin(); it != end; ++it)
@@ -131,8 +157,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
-    typename std::enable_if<is_chunked<OE>(), xchunked_view<E>&>::type xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    typename std::enable_if_t<is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&> xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
     {
+        m_chunk_shape.resize(e.dimension());
+        const auto& cs = e.chunk_shape();
+        std::copy(cs.cbegin(), cs.cend(), m_chunk_shape.begin());
+        init();
         auto it2 = e.chunks().begin();
         auto end1 = chunk_end();
         for (auto it1 = chunk_begin(); it1 != end1; ++it1, ++it2)
@@ -240,6 +270,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xchunked_view<E>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape));
     }
+
+    template <class E>
+    inline xchunked_view<E> as_chunked(E&& e)
+    {
+        return xchunked_view<E>(std::forward<E>(e));
+    }
 }
 
 #endif

From b7a8cd031d6abfc27bff8e5dad5d0ecd8567e2db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2021 10:36:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 252/606] Release 0.23.8

---
 README.md                          | 1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 6 ++++++
 environment.yml                    | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8088d6946..f17a9ec5a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.8   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 29f337d23..5c5bd86df 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.8
+------
+
+- Specialize operator= when RHS is chunked
+  `#2367 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2367`
+
 0.23.7
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 65d23175c..896872f86 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.7
+  - xtensor=0.23.8
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
   - xeus-cling=0.12.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 03f505cee..ca89ced57 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 7
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 8
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 1855d5f3004cff4a3d9993324789353943874f2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 3 May 2021 07:08:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 253/606] fix data_offset method in xview to compute the
 strides only once

---
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index e6ab65587..49e9c8ac3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
         storage_end() const;
-        
+
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
         storage_cbegin() const;
@@ -1331,6 +1331,7 @@ namespace xt
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
             compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
+            m_strides_computed = true;
         }
         return m_data_offset;
     }

From 41be2233d24f5de9d7f7bc8c44b91317be810699 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 3 May 2021 23:45:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 254/606] Release 0.23.9

---
 README.md                          | 1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 6 ++++++
 environment.yml                    | 4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f17a9ec5a..c9c77c0b3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.9   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.8   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 5c5bd86df..a28c4cb09 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.9
+------
+
+- Fix data_offset method in xview to compute the strides only once
+  `#2371 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2371`
+
 0.23.8
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 896872f86..df3e977b3 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.8
+  - xtensor=0.23.9
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
-  - xeus-cling=0.12.0
+  - xeus-cling=0.12.1
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index ca89ced57..780b6c6a8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 8
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 9
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 1e958ea7c049ddf2e41ea2e989933514db9a715a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 10 May 2021 14:40:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 255/606] flip: overload without axis (mimics NumPy)

---
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp       | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index eab865878..8ee6535f6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     auto vsplit(E& e, std::size_t n);
 
+    template <class E>
+    auto flip(E&& e);
+
     template <class E>
     auto flip(E&& e, std::size_t axis);
 
@@ -589,7 +592,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @brief Split an xexpression into subexpressions horizontally (column-wise)
      *
-     * This method is equivalent to ``split(e, n, 1)``. 
+     * This method is equivalent to ``split(e, n, 1)``.
      *
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param n number of elements to return
@@ -618,6 +621,24 @@ namespace xt
      * flip implementation *
      ***********************/
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Reverse the order of elements in an xexpression along every axis.
+     *
+     * @param e the input xexpression
+     *
+     * @return returns a view with the result of the flip.
+     */
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto flip(E&& e)
+    {
+        using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
+        auto r = flip(e, 0);
+        for (size_type d = 1; d < e.dimension(); ++d) {
+            r = flip(r, d);
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Reverse the order of elements in an xexpression along the given axis.
      * Note: A NumPy/Matlab style `flipud(arr)` is equivalent to `xt::flip(arr, 0)`,
@@ -902,7 +923,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @brief Repeats elements of an expression along a given axis.
      *
      * @param e the input xexpression
-     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements. The size of \ref repeats 
+     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements. The size of \ref repeats
      * must match the shape of the given \ref axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
      *
@@ -918,7 +939,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @brief Repeats elements of an expression along a given axis.
      *
      * @param e the input xexpression
-     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements. The size of \ref repeats 
+     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements. The size of \ref repeats
      * must match the shape of the given \ref axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
      *
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index fdd64c78d..01a084ec5 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace xt
             auto e = flatten<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(a);
             xtensor<double, 1> fl = e;
             using assign_traits = xassign_traits<decltype(fl), decltype(e)>;
-        
+
         #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
             EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
             EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign(fl, e));
@@ -397,6 +397,22 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_2, ft);
     }
 
+    TEST(xmanipulation, flip_noaxis)
+    {
+        {
+            xtensor<double, 1> e = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+            xtensor<double, 1> t = xt::flip(e);
+            xtensor<double, 1> expected = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
+            ASSERT_EQ(expected, t);
+        }
+        {
+            xtensor<double, 2> e = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
+            xtensor<double, 2> t = xt::flip(e);
+            xtensor<double, 2> expected = {{6, 5, 4}, {3, 2, 1}};
+            ASSERT_EQ(expected, t);
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xmanipulation, rot90)
     {
         xarray<double> e = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};

From 4774c4dd0df7e1dfb34dc9573d9adb2c006b8470 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 10 May 2021 18:59:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 256/606] average: fixing overload issue for axis argument

---
 docs/source/api/xmath.rst |  2 ++
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp |  7 +++++++
 test/test_xmath.cpp       | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 44 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
index effd64319..d2b8ef0fa 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
@@ -276,6 +276,8 @@ Mathematical functions
 +-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :ref:`mean <mean-function-reference>`         | mean of elements over given axes                                    |
 +-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| :ref:`average <average-function-reference>`   | weighted average along the specified axis                           |
++-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :ref:`variance <variance-function-reference>` | variance of elements over given axes                                |
 +-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :ref:`stddev <stddev-function-reference>`     | standard deviation of elements over given axes                      |
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 126181786..58ea4fb7c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1999,6 +1999,13 @@ namespace detail {
         return sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e) * std::move(weights_view), std::move(ax), ev) / std::move(scl);
     }
 
+    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
+    inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, X axis, EVS ev = EVS())
+    {
+        return average(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<W>(weights), {axis}, std::forward<EVS>(ev));
+    }
+
     template <class T = void, class E, class W, class X, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, const X(&axes)[N], EVS ev = EVS())
     {
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 2b0d8f501..4b9a80957 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -854,6 +854,41 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(res5[0], 8.0);
     }
 
+    /********************
+     * Mean and average *
+     ********************/
+
+    TEST(xmath, mean)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double,2> v = {{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
+        xt::xtensor<double,1> m0 = {1.5, 1.5, 1.5};
+        xt::xtensor<double,1> m1 = {1.0, 2.0};
+        double m = 9.0 / 6.0;
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::mean(v, 0), m0)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::mean(v, {0}), m0)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::mean(v, 1), m1)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::mean(v, {1}), m1)));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::mean(v)(), m);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::mean(v, {0, 1})(), m);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, average)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double,2> v = {{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
+        xt::xtensor<double,2> w = {{2.0, 2.0, 2.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
+        xt::xtensor<double,1> m0 = {1.5, 1.5, 1.5};
+        xt::xtensor<double,1> m1 = {1.0, 2.0};
+        double m = 9.0 / 6.0;
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::average(v, w, 0), m0)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::average(v, w, {0}), m0)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::average(v, w, 1), m1)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::average(v, w, {1}), m1)));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::average(v, w)(), m);
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::average(v, w, {0, 1})(), m);
+    }
+
     /************************
      * Linear interpolation *
      ************************/

From fcf6ade1b1c656dfb041833fda2cff961288f8a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Sun, 29 Nov 2020 14:57:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 257/606] argsort: using shape instead of stride for sort along
 leading axis

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp |  8 +++----
 test/test_xsort.cpp       | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 1ed7fe990..2c0e6f0ea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -279,15 +279,15 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin(), data.shape().end() - 1,
                                           std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-                data_secondary_stride = data.strides()[data.dimension() - 2];
-                inds_secondary_stride = inds.strides()[inds.dimension() - 2];
+                data_secondary_stride = data.shape(data.dimension() - 1);
+                inds_secondary_stride = inds.shape(inds.dimension() - 1);
             }
             else
             {
                 n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin() + 1, data.shape().end(),
                                           std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-                data_secondary_stride = data.strides()[1];
-                inds_secondary_stride = inds.strides()[1];
+                data_secondary_stride = data.shape(0);
+                inds_secondary_stride = inds.shape(0);
             }
 
             auto ptr = data.data();
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index fb887d9e5..a92efba67 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -71,6 +71,48 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xsort, argsort_zero_stride)
+    {
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<double, 2> A = {{1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> bsort = {{0, 0, 0, 0}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> fsort = {{3, 2, 1, 0}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(bsort, xt::argsort(A, 0));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A, 1));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A));
+        }
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<double, 3> A = {{{1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1}}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 3> bsort = {{{0, 0, 0, 0}}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 3> fsort = {{{3, 2, 1, 0}}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(bsort, xt::argsort(A, 0));
+            EXPECT_EQ(bsort, xt::argsort(A, 1));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A, 2));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A));
+        }
+    }
+
+    TEST(xsort, argsort_zero_stride_column_major)
+    {
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<double, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> A = {{1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> bsort = {{0, 0, 0, 0}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> fsort = {{3, 2, 1, 0}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(bsort, xt::argsort(A, 0));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A, 1));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A));
+        }
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<double, 3, xt::layout_type::column_major> A = {{{1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1}}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 3, xt::layout_type::column_major> bsort = {{{0, 0, 0, 0}}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 3, xt::layout_type::column_major> fsort = {{{3, 2, 1, 0}}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(bsort, xt::argsort(A, 0));
+            EXPECT_EQ(bsort, xt::argsort(A, 1));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A, 2));
+            EXPECT_EQ(fsort, xt::argsort(A));
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xsort, flatten_argsort)
     {
         {
@@ -256,7 +298,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto d = unique(c);
         EXPECT_EQ(d, bx);
 
-        auto e = xt::unique(xt::where(xt::greater(b,2), 1, 0)); 
+        auto e = xt::unique(xt::where(xt::greater(b,2), 1, 0));
         xarray<double> ex = {0, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(e, ex);
     }

From 50e3d42c4316ff01c12d3e039db567b42f009772 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2021 12:34:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 258/606] Adding .flat(i)

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst                       |  3 +--
 include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp             |  7 +++---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp              | 15 +++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp           | 15 +++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp               | 16 +++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp           | 19 ++++++++++++++--
 include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp            |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp                 | 15 +++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp           | 14 ++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp                   | 24 +++++++++++++++++++-
 test/test_xarray.cpp                        | 20 +++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                     |  8 +++++++
 test/test_xtensor.cpp                       | 20 +++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xview.cpp                         | 11 +++++++++
 15 files changed, 204 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 503c0ace4..5f5fc7699 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -136,8 +136,7 @@ See :any:`numpy indexing <numpy:arrays.indexing>` page.
 +====================================================================+====================================================================+
 | ``a[3, 2]``                                                        | ``a(3, 2)``                                                        |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`a.flat[4] <numpy.ndarray.flat>`                              || ``a[4]``                                                          |
-|                                                                    || ``a(4)``                                                          |
+| :any:`a.flat[4] <numpy.ndarray.flat>`                              | ``a.flat(4)``                                                      |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``a[3]``                                                           || ``xt::view(a, 3, xt::all())``                                     |
 |                                                                    || ``xt::row(a, 3)``                                                 |
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
index 600ddd0b2..2f6af2c72 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ namespace xt
     /************************************
      * xconst_accessible implementation *
      ************************************/
-    
+
     /**
      * Returns the size of the expression.
      */
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ namespace xt
         normalize_periodic(derived_cast().shape(), args...);
         return derived_cast()(static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
-    
+
     /**
      * Returns ``true`` only if the the specified position is a valid entry in the expression.
      * @param args a list of indices specifying the position in the expression.
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xaccessible<D>::at(Args... args) -> reference
-    {   
+    {
         check_access(derived_cast().shape(), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
         return derived_cast().operator()(args...);
     }
@@ -293,7 +293,6 @@ namespace xt
         return derived_cast()(static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
 
-
     template <class D>
     inline auto xaccessible<D>::derived_cast() noexcept -> derived_type&
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 06917bcaa..0f148b04e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -174,6 +174,9 @@ namespace xt
         reference data_element(size_type i);
         const_reference data_element(size_type i) const;
 
+        reference flat(size_type i);
+        const_reference flat(size_type i) const;
+
         template <class requested_type>
         using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;
 
@@ -643,6 +646,18 @@ namespace xt
         return storage()[i];
     }
 
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
+    {
+        return storage()[i];
+    }
+
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return storage()[i];
+    }
+
     /***************
      * stepper api *
      ***************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
index 5c51d35b5..01a37a1d6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -181,6 +181,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... Args>
         const_reference unchecked(Args... args) const;
 
+        reference flat(size_type index);
+        const_reference flat(size_type index) const;
+
         using base_type::operator[];
         using base_type::at;
         using base_type::periodic;
@@ -450,6 +453,18 @@ namespace xt
         return base_type::storage()[static_cast<size_type>(offset)];
     }
 
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
+    {
+        return base_type::storage()[data_offset() + i];
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return base_type::storage()[data_offset() + i];
+    }
+
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class It>
     inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 5f1c4d7e0..49aa7a900 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -307,6 +307,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         const_reference data_element(size_type i) const;
 
+        const_reference flat(size_type i) const;
+
         template <class UT = self_type, class = typename std::enable_if<UT::only_scalar::value>::type>
         operator value_type() const;
 
@@ -583,6 +585,20 @@ namespace xt
         return access_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @name Data
+     */
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position of the underlying
+     * contiguous storage of the function.
+     * @param index index to underlying flat storage.
+     */
+    template <class F, class... CT>
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::flat(size_type index) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return data_element_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), index);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position in the expression.
      * @param args a list of indices specifying the position in the expression. Indices
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 9542c7065..b2b87921b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ namespace xt
         using accessible_base::at;
         using accessible_base::operator[];
         using accessible_base::periodic;
+
         using accessible_base::in_bounds;
 
         xexpression_type& expression() noexcept;
@@ -203,6 +204,20 @@ namespace xt
             return m_functor(m_e.data_element(i));
         }
 
+        template <class FCT = functor_type>
+        auto flat(size_type i)
+            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>()(std::declval<undecay_expression>().flat(i)))
+        {
+            return m_functor(m_e.flat(i));
+        }
+
+        template <class FCT = functor_type>
+        auto flat(size_type i) const
+            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>()(std::declval<const undecay_expression>().flat(i)))
+        {
+            return m_functor(m_e.flat(i));
+        }
+
         // The following functions are defined inline because otherwise signatures
         // don't match on GCC.
         template <class align, class requested_type = typename xexpression_type::value_type,
@@ -732,7 +747,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
@@ -740,7 +755,7 @@ namespace xt
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
-     * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
+     * double res = fd.unchecked(0, 1);
      * \endcode
      */
     template <class D>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
index acd51ecd5..f0bebcc5b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CTD, class CTM>
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xmasked_view<CTD, CTM>>
-    {   
+    {
         using data_type = std::decay_t<CTD>;
         using mask_type = std::decay_t<CTM>;
         using base_value_type = typename data_type::value_type;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 6e7c7ec10..67d34b612 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -177,6 +177,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... Args>
         const_reference periodic(Args... args) const;
 
+        reference flat(size_type args);
+        const_reference flat(size_type args) const;
+
         template <class It>
         reference element(It first, It last);
         template <class It>
@@ -659,6 +662,28 @@ namespace xt
         return const_reference(value().periodic(args...), has_value().periodic(args...));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position
+     * of the underlying storage in the optional assembly.
+     * @param index index to underlying flat storage.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
+    {
+        return reference(value().flat(i), has_value().flat(i));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position
+     * of the underlying storage in the optional assembly.
+     * @param index index to underlying flat storage.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return const_reference(value().flat(i), has_value().flat(i));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position in the optional assembly.
      * @param first iterator starting the sequence of indices
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
index 83a1cb008..adb8591bf 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
@@ -281,6 +281,9 @@ namespace xt
         reference data_element(size_type i) noexcept;
         const_reference data_element(size_type i) const noexcept;
 
+        reference flat(size_type i) noexcept;
+        const_reference flat(size_type i) const noexcept;
+
         template <class align, class simd = simd_value_type>
         void store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
         template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
@@ -932,6 +935,18 @@ namespace xt
         return m_value;
     }
 
+    template <class CT>
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::flat(size_type) noexcept -> reference
+    {
+        return m_value;
+    }
+
+    template <class CT>
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::flat(size_type) const noexcept -> const_reference
+    {
+        return m_value;
+    }
+
     template <class CT>
     template <class align, class simd>
     inline void xscalar<CT>::store_simd(size_type, const simd& e)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index c6b05b6b9..7a6610595 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -266,6 +266,9 @@ namespace xt
         reference data_element(size_type i);
         const_reference data_element(size_type i) const;
 
+        reference flat(size_type i);
+        const_reference flat(size_type i) const;
+
         using container_iterator = std::conditional_t<is_const,
                                                       typename storage_type::const_iterator,
                                                       typename storage_type::iterator>;
@@ -457,6 +460,17 @@ namespace xt
         return storage()[i];
     }
 
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
+    {
+        return storage()[i];
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return storage()[i];
+    }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_begin() -> storage_iterator
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index e6ab65587..bf195c496 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
         storage_end() const;
-        
+
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
         storage_cbegin() const;
@@ -651,6 +651,12 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, const_reference> data_element(size_type i) const;
 
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        enable_simd_interface<T, reference> flat(size_type i);
+
+        template <class T = xexpression_type>
+        enable_simd_interface<T, const_reference> flat(size_type i) const;
+
     private:
 
         // VS 2015 workaround (yes, really)
@@ -1487,6 +1493,22 @@ namespace xt
         return m_e.data_element(data_offset() + i);
     }
 
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::flat(size_type i) -> enable_simd_interface<T, reference>
+    {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(is_contiguous());
+        return m_e.flat(data_offset() + i);
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class... S>
+    template <class T>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::flat(size_type i) const -> enable_simd_interface<T, const_reference>
+    {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(is_contiguous());
+        return m_e.flat(data_offset() + i);
+    }
+
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::make_index_sequence(Args...) const noexcept
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index af525e1eb..e77d0d344 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -317,6 +317,26 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
+    TEST(xarray, flat)
+    {
+        {
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            a.flat(3) = 30;
+            a.flat(4) = 40;
+            a.flat(5) = 50;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+        }
+        {
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::column_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            a.flat(1) = 30;
+            a.flat(3) = 40;
+            a.flat(5) = 50;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xarray, in_bounds)
     {
         xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index ddd9ce824..4545f2d7b 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -271,6 +271,14 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xfunction, flat)
+    {
+        xfunction_features f;
+        int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a).flat(0);
+        int b = f.m_a.flat(0) + f.m_a.flat(0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
+
     TEST(xfunction, in_bounds)
     {
         xfunction_features f;
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index f9c2fa9be..c5f57c6ae 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -334,6 +334,26 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
+    TEST(xtensor, flat)
+    {
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            a.flat(3) = 30;
+            a.flat(4) = 40;
+            a.flat(5) = 50;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+        }
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            a.flat(1) = 30;
+            a.flat(3) = 40;
+            a.flat(5) = 50;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xtensor, in_bounds)
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index fba27e703..2047c86eb 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -1464,6 +1464,17 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
+    TEST(xview, flat)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+        auto view = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all());
+        view.flat(0) = 30;
+        view.flat(1) = 40;
+        view.flat(2) = 50;
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, in_bounds)
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};

From 19f5db31ff3fb544b3f029168bb6058320403cb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 18 May 2021 16:18:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 259/606] Fixing `&` -> `&&` in histogram

---
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index d566d6709..7b3768744 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     auto v = static_cast<double>(data(i));
                     // left and right are not bounds of data
-                    if ( v >= left & v < right )
+                    if (v >= left && v < right)
                     {
                         auto i_bin = static_cast<size_t>(static_cast<double>(n_bins) * (v - left) * norm);
                         count(i_bin) += weights(i);
                     }
-                    else if ( v == right )
+                    else if (v == right)
                     {
                         count(n_bins - 1) += weights(i);
                     }

From f02e3b7a4b07ec2fc05cc2299478f089e97ca3dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 May 2021 15:07:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 260/606] Fixed chech_index function

---
 include/xtensor/xexception.hpp | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 test/test_xview.cpp            | 10 ++++----
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
index 3449704df..0cc29e7a3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
@@ -150,28 +150,40 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, std::size_t dim, class T, class... Args>
         inline void check_index_impl(const S& shape, T arg, Args... args)
         {
-            if (sizeof...(Args) + 1 > shape.size())
+            if (std::size_t(arg) >= std::size_t(shape[dim]) && shape[dim] != 1)
             {
-                check_index_impl<S, dim>(shape, args...);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (std::size_t(arg) >= std::size_t(shape[dim]) && shape[dim] != 1)
-                {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range,
-                                  "index " + std::to_string(arg) + " is out of bounds for axis " +
-                                  std::to_string(dim) + " with size " + std::to_string(shape[dim]));
-                }
-                check_index_impl<S, dim + 1>(shape, args...);
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range,
+                              "index " + std::to_string(arg) + " is out of bounds for axis " +
+                              std::to_string(dim) + " with size " + std::to_string(shape[dim]));
             }
+            check_index_impl<S, dim + 1>(shape, args...);
         }
     }
 
-    template <class S, class... Args>
-    inline void check_index(const S& shape, Args... args)
+    template <class S>
+    inline void check_index(const S&)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class S, class Arg, class... Args>
+    inline void check_index(const S& shape, Arg arg, Args... args)
     {
-        using value_type = typename S::value_type;
-        detail::check_index_impl<S, 0>(shape, static_cast<value_type>(args)...);
+        constexpr std::size_t nargs = sizeof...(Args) + 1;
+        if (nargs == shape.size())
+        {
+            detail::check_index_impl<S, 0>(shape, arg, args...);
+        }
+        else if (nargs > shape.size())
+        {
+            // Too many arguments: drop the first
+            check_index(shape, args...);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Too few arguments: ignore the beginning of the shape
+            auto it = shape.end() - nargs;
+            detail::check_index_impl<decltype(it), 0>(it, arg, args...);
+        }
     }
 
     template <class S, class It>
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index fba27e703..25e42405a 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #else
 #endif
 
-
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
@@ -1034,7 +1033,6 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(v1, exp_v1);
-
         test_view_iter(v1, exp_v1);
 
         auto v2 = xt::view(a, keep(1), xt::all(), xt::range(0, xt::xnone(), 3));
@@ -1053,9 +1051,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(v4, exp_v4);
 
         v4(0, 0) = 123;
-        v4(1, 0) = 123;
+        v4(1, 0, 0) = 123;
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0, 0), 123);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 0), 123);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 0, 0), 123);
 
         v3(0, 2, 1) = 1000;
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 3), 1000);
@@ -1113,9 +1111,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(v4, exp_v4);
 
         v4(0, 0) = 123;
-        v4(1, 0) = 123;
+        v4(1, 0, 0) = 123;
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0, 0), 123);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 0), 123);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 0, 0), 123);
 
         bool b = detail::is_strided_view<decltype(a), xkeep_slice<int>, int>::value;
         EXPECT_FALSE(b);

From 3a86f612c7b9f10aa0ebbb594e4cf2015948068d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 18 May 2021 14:45:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 261/606] Adding `front()` and `back()` convenience methods

---
 include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp             | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp              |  2 +
 include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp           |  2 +
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp               |  2 +
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp           |  2 +
 include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp            |  2 +
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp                 |  2 +
 test/test_xarray.cpp                        | 12 ++++++
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                     | 16 ++++++++
 test/test_xview.cpp                         | 18 +++++++++
 11 files changed, 144 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
index 2f6af2c72..934d724d5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... Args>
         bool in_bounds(Args... args) const;
 
+        const_reference front() const;
+        const_reference back() const;
+
     protected:
 
         xconst_accessible() = default;
@@ -102,9 +105,14 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... Args>
         reference periodic(Args... args);
 
+        reference front();
+        reference back();
+
         using base_type::at;
         using base_type::operator[];
         using base_type::periodic;
+        using base_type::front;
+        using base_type::back;
 
     protected:
 
@@ -212,6 +220,24 @@ namespace xt
         return derived_cast()(static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant reference to first the element of the expression
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xconst_accessible<D>::front() const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return *derived_cast().begin();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant reference to last the element of the expression
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xconst_accessible<D>::back() const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return *std::prev(derived_cast().end());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns ``true`` only if the the specified position is a valid entry in the expression.
      * @param args a list of indices specifying the position in the expression.
@@ -293,6 +319,24 @@ namespace xt
         return derived_cast()(static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the first element of the expression.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xaccessible<D>::front() -> reference
+    {
+        return *derived_cast().begin();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the last element of the expression.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xaccessible<D>::back() -> reference
+    {
+        return *std::prev(derived_cast().end());
+    }
+
     template <class D>
     inline auto xaccessible<D>::derived_cast() noexcept -> derived_type&
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index df6ce6995..97765b32c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ namespace xt
         using accessible_base::operator[];
         using accessible_base::periodic;
         using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::back;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It first, It last);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
index 01a37a1d6..9ef4f21ba 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ namespace xt
         using base_type::at;
         using base_type::periodic;
         using base_type::in_bounds;
+        using base_type::front;
+        using base_type::back;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It first, It last);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 49aa7a900..cbcf83cd9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -271,6 +271,8 @@ namespace xt
         using accessible_base::operator[];
         using accessible_base::periodic;
         using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::back;
 
         template <class It>
         const_reference element(It first, It last) const;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index b2b87921b..375cb7a26 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ namespace xt
         using accessible_base::at;
         using accessible_base::operator[];
         using accessible_base::periodic;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::back;
 
         using accessible_base::in_bounds;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
index f0bebcc5b..de0ac9df3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@ namespace xt
         using accessible_base::operator[];
         using accessible_base::periodic;
         using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::back;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It first, It last);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 67d34b612..1a0768d59 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -177,6 +177,12 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... Args>
         const_reference periodic(Args... args) const;
 
+        reference front();
+        const_reference front() const;
+
+        reference back();
+        const_reference back() const;
+
         reference flat(size_type args);
         const_reference flat(size_type args) const;
 
@@ -662,6 +668,42 @@ namespace xt
         return const_reference(value().periodic(args...), has_value().periodic(args...));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the first element of the optional assembly.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::front() -> reference
+    {
+        return reference(value().front(), has_value().front());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant reference to the first element of the optional assembly.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::front() const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return const_reference(value().front(), has_value().front());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the last element of the optional assembly.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::back() -> reference
+    {
+        return reference(value().back(), has_value().back());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant reference to the last element of the optional assembly.
+     */
+    template <class D>
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::back() const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return const_reference(value().back(), has_value().back());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position
      * of the underlying storage in the optional assembly.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
index adb8591bf..2f6d21003 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
@@ -173,6 +173,8 @@ namespace xt
         using accessible_base::operator[];
         using accessible_base::periodic;
         using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::back;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It, It) noexcept;
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index d540069f2..5e51ad5d4 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -324,6 +324,18 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
+    TEST(xarray, front)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.front(), 1);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xarray, back)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.back(), 6);
+    }
+
     TEST(xarray, flat)
     {
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index 4545f2d7b..de9d5cf4b 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -271,6 +271,22 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xfunction, front)
+    {
+        xfunction_features f;
+        int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a).front();
+        int b = f.m_a.front() + f.m_a.front();
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xfunction, back)
+    {
+        xfunction_features f;
+        int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a).back();
+        int b = f.m_a.back() + f.m_a.back();
+        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+    }
+
     TEST(xfunction, flat)
     {
         xfunction_features f;
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index 2047c86eb..def50b75f 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -1464,6 +1464,24 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
+    TEST(xview, front)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        auto v = xt::view(a, 0, xt::all());
+        auto w = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all());
+        EXPECT_EQ(v.front(), 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(w.front(), 4);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xview, back)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        auto v = xt::view(a, 0, xt::all());
+        auto w = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all());
+        EXPECT_EQ(v.back(), 3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(w.back(), 6);
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, flat)
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};

From f8dcb25492d7aeeac95057e36d7fa1e65115f324 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Wed, 19 May 2021 10:31:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 262/606] Adding description of index operators

---
 docs/source/index.rst   |   1 +
 docs/source/indices.rst | 100 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 101 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 6212a02b6..0752ffd84 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ for details.
    api/function_index
    api/io_index
    api/xmath
+   api/xshape
 
 .. toctree::
    :caption: DEVELOPER ZONE
diff --git a/docs/source/indices.rst b/docs/source/indices.rst
index a4f1a0af1..ff4700157 100644
--- a/docs/source/indices.rst
+++ b/docs/source/indices.rst
@@ -37,6 +37,106 @@ Which prints
 
 The *array index* ``{1, 2}`` corresponds to the *flat index* ``6``.
 
+Operators: array index
+------------------------
+
+An *array index* can be specified to an operators by a sequence of numbers.
+To this end the following operators are at your disposal:
+
+``operator()(args...)``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+*   Example: ``a(1, 2) == 6``.
+*   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::operator()`.
+
+Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
+specified by an *array index* given by a number of unsigned integers.
+
+.. note::
+
+    If the number of indices is less that the dimension of the array,
+    the indices are pre-padded with zeros until the dimension is matched
+    (example: ``a(2) == a(0, 2) == 2``).
+
+``at(args...)``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+*   Example: ``a.at(1, 2) == 6``.
+*   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::at`.
+
+Same as ``operator()``:
+Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
+specified by an *array index* given by a number of unsigned integers.
+
+``unchecked(args...)``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+*   Example: ``a.unchecked(1, 2) == 6``.
+*   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::unchecked`.
+
+Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
+specified by an *array index* given by a number of unsigned integers.
+Different than ``operator()`` there are no bounds checks (even when assertions) are turned on,
+and the number of indices is assumed to match the dimension of the array.
+``unchecked`` is thus aimed at performance.
+
+.. note::
+
+    If you assume responsibility for bounds-checking, this operator can be used to virtually
+    post-pad zeros if you specify less indices than the rank of the array.
+    Example: ``a.unchecked(1) == a(1, 0)``.
+
+``periodic(args...)``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+*   Example: ``a.periodic(-1, -2) == 7``.
+*   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::periodic`.
+
+Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
+specified by an *array index* given by a number of signed integers.
+Negative and 'overflowing' indices are changed by assuming periodicity along that axis.
+For example, for the first axis: ``-1 -> a.shape(0) - 1 = 2``,
+likewise for example ``3 -> 3 - a.shape(0) = 0``.
+Of course this comes as the cost of some extra complexity.
+
+``in_bounds(args...)``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+*   Example: ``a.in_bounds(1, 2) == true``.
+*   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::in_bounds`.
+
+Check if the *array index* is 'in bounds', return ``false`` otherwise.
+
+``operator[]({...})``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+*   Example: ``a[{1, 2}] == 6``.
+*   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::operator[]`.
+
+Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
+specified by an *array index* given by a list of unsigned integers.
+
+Operators: flat index
+---------------------
+
+``flat(i)``
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+*   Example: ``a.flat(6) == 6``.
+*   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::flat`.
+
+Returns a (constant) reference to the element specified by a *flat index*,
+given an unsigned integer.
+
+.. note::
+
+    If the layout would not have been the default *row major*,
+    but *column major*, then ``a.flat(6) == 2``.
+
+.. note::
+
+    In many cases ``a.flat(i) == a.data()[i]``.
+
 Array indices
 -------------
 

From f3c11b2d810159e7063daddeaa0764f4006e5a73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 May 2021 13:27:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 263/606] Release 0.23.10

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c9c77c0b3..a10295b2e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.23.10  | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.9   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.8   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.23.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index a28c4cb09..4ccfb375b 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,28 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.23.10
+-------
+
+- Performance fix: set m_strides_computed = true after computing
+  `#2377 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2377`
+- argsort: catching zeros stride leading axis (bugfix)
+  `#2238 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2238`
+- Adding ``.flat(i)``
+  `#2356 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2356`
+- Fixed ``check_index`` function
+  `#2378 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2378`
+- Fixing & -> && in histogram
+  `#2386 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2386`
+- Adding ``front()`` and ``back()`` convenience methods
+  `#2385 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2385`
+- Adding description of index operators
+  `#2387 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2387`
+- flip: adding overload without axis (mimics NumPy)
+  `#2373 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2373`
+- average: fixing overload issue for axis argument
+  `#2374 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2374`
+
 0.23.9
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index df3e977b3..3a87d0b2a 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.9
+  - xtensor=0.23.10
   - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
   - xeus-cling=0.12.1
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 780b6c6a8..c09494b24 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 9
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 10
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 44d4a479a13b66a8c1d71fe6bf5df9a737603fdd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <tb@quality-match.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2021 14:05:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 264/606] use lexicographical_compare to compare shapes

Use lexicographical_compare in xassign in computed_assign
---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 2 +-
 test/test_xfixed.cpp        | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 73ab01a32..a417669ae 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ namespace xt
         shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim);
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
-        if (dim > de1.dimension() || shape > de1.shape())
+        if (dim > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), de1.shape().begin()))
         {
             typename E1::temporary_type tmp(shape);
             base_type::assign_data(tmp, e2, trivial_broadcast);
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index 665d28d58..fd66b39e4 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -301,6 +301,15 @@ namespace xt
         using tiny_tensor = xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2>, layout_type::row_major, false>;
         EXPECT_GT(sizeof(fixed_tensor), sizeof(tiny_tensor)); 
     }
+
+    TEST(xtensor_fixed, different_shapes)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<int, xt::xshape<2>> a = {2,3};
+        xt::noalias(a) += a;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0), 4);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1), 6);
+    }
 }
 
 #endif

From f8f90247e646f8157730ef8dddfe7bc6244b9a51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <tb@quality-match.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2021 17:21:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 265/606] compare_shape_of_different_types     * use
 lexicographic comparsion on shape types     * use specialized types when
 deadling with xfixed

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 test/test_xfixed.cpp        |  1 +
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index a417669ae..d4b0564ff 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -413,23 +413,65 @@ namespace xt
         base_type::assign_data(e1, e2, trivial_broadcast);
     }
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+
+        template<class SHAPE>
+        struct select_shape{
+            using type = SHAPE;
+        };
+
+        template<std::size_t ... X>
+        struct select_shape<xt::fixed_shape< X ...>>{
+            using type =  std::array<std::size_t, sizeof ... (X)>;
+        };
+
+        template<class SHAPE>
+        using select_shape_t = typename select_shape<SHAPE>::type;
+
+
+        template<class EXP, class T, class SHAPE>
+        struct select_tmp_type{
+            using type = typename EXP::temporary_type;
+        };
+
+        template<class EXP, class T, std::size_t ... X>
+        struct select_tmp_type<EXP, T,xt::fixed_shape< X ...>>{
+            using type =  xt::xtensor<T, sizeof ... (X)>;
+        };
+
+        template<class EXP, class T, class SHAPE>
+        using select_tmp_type_t = typename select_tmp_type<EXP,T, SHAPE>::type;
+
+    };
+
     template <class Tag>
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void xexpression_assigner<Tag>::computed_assign(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
-        using shape_type = typename E1::shape_type;
+        using shape_type = detail::select_shape_t< std::decay_t<typename E1::shape_type>>;
         using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
 
         E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
 
-        size_type dim = de2.dimension();
-        shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim);
+        size_type dim1 = de1.dimension();
+        size_type dim2 = de2.dimension();
+        shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim2);
+
+
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
-        if (dim > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), de1.shape().begin()))
+        auto && de1_shape = de1.shape();
+        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(
+            shape.begin(),
+            shape.end(),
+            // we cannot simply call de1_shape.begin()/del1_shape.end() since this can be a pointer
+            std::begin(de1_shape), std::begin(de1_shape) + dim1
+        ))
         {
-            typename E1::temporary_type tmp(shape);
+            using temporary_type = detail::select_tmp_type_t<E1, typename E1::value_type, typename E1::shape_type>;
+            temporary_type tmp(shape);
             base_type::assign_data(tmp, e2, trivial_broadcast);
             de1.assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
         }
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index fd66b39e4..309231e2f 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xtensor_fixed<int, xt::xshape<2>> a = {2,3};
         xt::noalias(a) += a;
 
+
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0), 4);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1), 6);
     }

From 597a1395744d341d6af5988656fb9e0b7092e3e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <tb@quality-match.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2021 17:24:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 266/606] minor format changes

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 9 ++-------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index d4b0564ff..982586a20 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -459,16 +459,11 @@ namespace xt
         size_type dim2 = de2.dimension();
         shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim2);
 
-
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
         auto && de1_shape = de1.shape();
-        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(
-            shape.begin(),
-            shape.end(),
-            // we cannot simply call de1_shape.begin()/del1_shape.end() since this can be a pointer
-            std::begin(de1_shape), std::begin(de1_shape) + dim1
-        ))
+        // we cannot simply call de1_shape.begin()/del1_shape.end() since this can be a pointer
+        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), std::begin(de1_shape), std::begin(de1_shape) + dim1))
         {
             using temporary_type = detail::select_tmp_type_t<E1, typename E1::value_type, typename E1::shape_type>;
             temporary_type tmp(shape);

From 5f133ae2239bf6e09e1a19649e648618a668dd10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <tb@quality-match.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Jun 2021 11:49:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 267/606] * added missing greater-comperator in lex. comparison
 * removed handling fixed-shape tensors (this should should be done in a
 separate pr) * extended tests st. they do not rely on fixed-shape tensors

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp |  44 ++---------
 test/CMakeLists.txt         |   1 +
 test/test_xassign.cpp       | 150 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/test_xassign.cpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 982586a20..314ae6bd2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
+#include <functional>
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
@@ -413,60 +414,27 @@ namespace xt
         base_type::assign_data(e1, e2, trivial_broadcast);
     }
 
-    namespace detail
-    {
-
-        template<class SHAPE>
-        struct select_shape{
-            using type = SHAPE;
-        };
-
-        template<std::size_t ... X>
-        struct select_shape<xt::fixed_shape< X ...>>{
-            using type =  std::array<std::size_t, sizeof ... (X)>;
-        };
-
-        template<class SHAPE>
-        using select_shape_t = typename select_shape<SHAPE>::type;
-
-
-        template<class EXP, class T, class SHAPE>
-        struct select_tmp_type{
-            using type = typename EXP::temporary_type;
-        };
-
-        template<class EXP, class T, std::size_t ... X>
-        struct select_tmp_type<EXP, T,xt::fixed_shape< X ...>>{
-            using type =  xt::xtensor<T, sizeof ... (X)>;
-        };
-
-        template<class EXP, class T, class SHAPE>
-        using select_tmp_type_t = typename select_tmp_type<EXP,T, SHAPE>::type;
-
-    };
-
     template <class Tag>
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void xexpression_assigner<Tag>::computed_assign(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
-        using shape_type = detail::select_shape_t< std::decay_t<typename E1::shape_type>>;
+        using shape_type = typename E1::shape_type;
+        using comperator_type = std::greater<typename shape_type::value_type>;
+
         using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
 
         E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
 
-        size_type dim1 = de1.dimension();
         size_type dim2 = de2.dimension();
         shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim2);
 
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
         auto && de1_shape = de1.shape();
-        // we cannot simply call de1_shape.begin()/del1_shape.end() since this can be a pointer
-        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), std::begin(de1_shape), std::begin(de1_shape) + dim1))
+        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), de1_shape.begin(), de1_shape.end(), comperator_type()))
         {
-            using temporary_type = detail::select_tmp_type_t<E1, typename E1::value_type, typename E1::shape_type>;
-            temporary_type tmp(shape);
+            typename E1::temporary_type tmp(shape);
             base_type::assign_data(tmp, e2, trivial_broadcast);
             de1.assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
         }
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index f2f4b9cda..2e58db64f 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     main.cpp
     test_xaccumulator.cpp
     test_xadapt.cpp
+    test_xassign.cpp
     test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
     test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
     test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2609b96c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+// a dummy shape *not derived* from std::vector but compatible
+template<class T>
+class my_vector
+{
+private:
+    using vector_type = std::vector<T>;
+public:
+    my_vector(){}
+    using value_type = T;
+    using size_type = typename vector_type::size_type;
+    template<class U>
+    my_vector(std::initializer_list<U> vals)
+    : m_data(vals.begin(), vals.end())
+    {
+
+    }
+    my_vector(const std::size_t size, const T & val = T())
+    : m_data(size, val)
+    {
+    }
+    auto resize(const std::size_t size)
+    {
+        return m_data.resize(size);
+    }
+    auto size()const
+    {
+        return m_data.size();
+    }
+    auto cend()const
+    {
+        return m_data.cend();
+    }
+    auto cbegin()const
+    {
+        return m_data.cbegin();
+    }
+    auto end()
+    {
+        return m_data.end();
+    }
+    auto end()const
+    {
+        return m_data.end();
+    }
+    auto begin()
+    {
+        return m_data.begin();
+    }
+    auto begin()const
+    {
+        return m_data.begin();
+    }
+    auto empty()const
+    {
+        return m_data.empty();
+    }
+    auto & back()
+    {
+        return m_data.back();
+    }
+    const auto & back()const
+    {
+        return m_data.back();
+    }
+    auto & front()
+    {
+        return m_data.front();
+    }
+    const auto & front()const
+    {
+        return m_data.front();
+    }
+    auto & operator[](const std::size_t i)
+    {
+        return m_data[i];
+    }
+    const auto & operator[](const std::size_t i)const
+    {
+        return m_data[i];
+    }
+private:
+    std::vector<T> m_data;
+};
+
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    template <class T, class C_T>
+    struct rebind_container<T, my_vector<C_T>>
+    {
+        using type = my_vector<T>;
+    };
+
+    TEST(xassign, mix_shape_types)
+    {
+        {
+            // xarray like with custom shape
+            using my_xarray = xt::xarray_container<
+                std::vector<int>,
+                xt::layout_type::row_major,
+                my_vector<std::size_t>
+            >;
+
+            auto a = my_xarray::from_shape({1,3});
+            auto b = xt::xtensor<int,2>::from_shape({2,3});
+            xt::noalias(a) += b;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a.dimension(), 2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(0), 2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(1), 3);
+        }
+        {
+            // xarray like with custom shape
+            using my_xarray = xt::xarray_container<
+                std::vector<int>,
+                xt::layout_type::row_major,
+                my_vector<std::size_t>
+            >;
+
+            auto a = my_xarray::from_shape({3});
+            auto b = xt::xtensor<int,2>::from_shape({2,3});
+            xt::noalias(a) += b;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a.dimension(), 2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(0), 2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(1), 3);
+        }
+
+    }
+}

From b2f918057e52a90c76c3116ded4a2e1355471c11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <tb@quality-match.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Jun 2021 11:51:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 268/606] format

---
 test/test_xassign.cpp | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
index 2609b96c9..3f5618a66 100644
--- a/test/test_xassign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -26,16 +26,14 @@ class my_vector
 private:
     using vector_type = std::vector<T>;
 public:
-    my_vector(){}
     using value_type = T;
     using size_type = typename vector_type::size_type;
     template<class U>
     my_vector(std::initializer_list<U> vals)
     : m_data(vals.begin(), vals.end())
     {
-
     }
-    my_vector(const std::size_t size, const T & val = T())
+    my_vector(const std::size_t size = 0, const T & val = T())
     : m_data(size, val)
     {
     }

From 74d565066898b6a9b620ebb75147bcc7e8e7a409 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <tb@quality-match.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Jun 2021 12:03:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 269/606] removed test of xfixed

---
 test/test_xfixed.cpp | 10 ----------
 1 file changed, 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index 309231e2f..665d28d58 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -301,16 +301,6 @@ namespace xt
         using tiny_tensor = xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2>, layout_type::row_major, false>;
         EXPECT_GT(sizeof(fixed_tensor), sizeof(tiny_tensor)); 
     }
-
-    TEST(xtensor_fixed, different_shapes)
-    {
-        xt::xtensor_fixed<int, xt::xshape<2>> a = {2,3};
-        xt::noalias(a) += a;
-
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(0), 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(1), 6);
-    }
 }
 
 #endif

From 2618d5a23aebb4dec95d967f0e873d47b2f9f946 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thorsten Beier <derthorstenbeier@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2021 16:04:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 270/606] ported tests to doctest. (#2405)

Ported tests to doctest.
---
 .appveyor.yml                            |    2 +-
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml |    3 +-
 .azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml          |    3 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                           |    3 -
 environment-dev.yml                      |    1 +
 include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp              |    2 +
 test/CMakeLists.txt                      |   64 +-
 test/copyGTest.cmake.in                  |   24 -
 test/downloadGTest.cmake.in              |   25 -
 test/main.cpp                            |   21 +-
 test/test_common.hpp                     |   99 +-
 test/test_common_macros.hpp              |   53 +-
 test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp    |    2 +-
 test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp        |    2 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp      |    2 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp    |    2 +-
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp             |    2 +-
 test/test_sfinae.cpp                     |    2 +-
 test/test_xaccumulator.cpp               |    2 +-
 test/test_xadapt.cpp                     |    2 +-
 test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp          |  109 +-
 test/test_xarray.cpp                     |   20 +-
 test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp             |   13 +-
 test/test_xassign.cpp                    |    2 +-
 test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp             |    2 +-
 test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp       |    2 +-
 test/test_xbroadcast.cpp                 |    4 +-
 test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp            |    2 +-
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp                   |    3 +-
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp             |    2 +-
 test/test_xchunked_view.cpp              |    2 +-
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp                   |    2 +-
 test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp        |  220 ++--
 test/test_xcsv.cpp                       |    2 +-
 test/test_xdatesupport.cpp               |    2 +-
 test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp              |    2 +-
 test/test_xeval.cpp                      |    4 +-
 test/test_xexception.cpp                 |    6 +-
 test/test_xexpression.cpp                |    2 +-
 test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp         |    2 +-
 test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp         |    2 +-
 test/test_xfixed.cpp                     |    1 -
 test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp       |    2 +-
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                  |   50 +-
 test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp           |    2 +-
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp                 |    2 +-
 test/test_xindex_view.cpp                |    2 +-
 test/test_xinfo.cpp                      |    2 +-
 test/test_xio.cpp                        |    2 +-
 test/test_xiterator.cpp                  |  406 ++++---
 test/test_xjson.cpp                      |    2 +-
 test/test_xlayout.cpp                    |    2 +-
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp              |    2 +-
 test/test_xmasked_view.cpp               |    2 +-
 test/test_xmath.cpp                      |    8 +-
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp          |    2 +-
 test/test_xmime.cpp                      |    2 +-
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp             |    2 +-
 test/test_xnoalias.cpp                   |  674 +++++------
 test/test_xnorm.cpp                      |    2 +-
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                       |   12 +-
 test/test_xoperation.cpp                 | 1378 +++++++++++-----------
 test/test_xoptional.cpp                  |    2 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp         |   32 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp |   22 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp |    2 +-
 test/test_xpad.cpp                       |    2 +-
 test/test_xrandom.cpp                    |    2 +-
 test/test_xreducer.cpp                   |    2 +-
 test/test_xrepeat.cpp                    |    2 +-
 test/test_xscalar.cpp                    |    2 +-
 test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp           |  528 +++++----
 test/test_xset_operation.cpp             |    2 +-
 test/test_xshape.cpp                     |    2 +-
 test/test_xsimd.cpp                      |   25 +-
 test/test_xsort.cpp                      |    2 +-
 test/test_xstorage.cpp                   |    2 +-
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp              |    2 +-
 test/test_xstrides.cpp                   |   14 +-
 test/test_xtensor.cpp                    |   20 +-
 test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp            |   14 +-
 test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp           |    2 +-
 test/test_xutils.cpp                     |    2 +-
 test/test_xvectorize.cpp                 |    2 +-
 test/test_xview.cpp                      |   18 +-
 test/test_xview_semantic.cpp             |  642 +++++-----
 86 files changed, 2312 insertions(+), 2311 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 test/copyGTest.cmake.in
 delete mode 100644 test/downloadGTest.cmake.in

diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
index e96c2d10b..571caf8c1 100644
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ install:
   - CALL conda.bat activate xtensor
   - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set CMAKE_ARGS="-DDISABLE_VS2017=ON"
   - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set CMAKE_ARGS=""
-  - cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE %CMAKE_ARGS% .
+  - cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE %CMAKE_ARGS% .
   - nmake test_xtensor_lib
   - cd test
 
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index fe364d0bb..f353f97cf 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       - script: |
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
+                        doctest ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
                         xtl==0.7.0 ^
                         xsimd==7.4.8 ^
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
                 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
                 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
                 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
-                -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON ^
+                -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ^
                 -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON ^
                 $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
         displayName: "Configure xtensor"
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
index 2a1d0454c..a3b438e22 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ steps:
       source activate xtensor
       mkdir build
       cd build
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_TESTS=ON";
       if [[ $(bound_checks) == 1 ]]; then
         CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON";
       fi
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ steps:
         CMAKE_EXTA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON";
       fi
 
-      cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX $CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DDOWNLOAD_GTEST=ON $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
+      cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX $CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
     displayName: Configure xtensor
     workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
       
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index cde49f4f7..bf2f75bf1 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -207,9 +207,6 @@ OPTION(CPP20 "enables C++20 (experimental)" OFF)
 OPTION(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS "Disable C++ exceptions" OFF)
 OPTION(DISABLE_MSVC_ITERATOR_CHECK "Disable the MVSC iterator check" ON)
 
-if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
-    set(BUILD_TESTS ON)
-endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT OR XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION)
     add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT)
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index e7f868bf0..2c3eb456a 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ dependencies:
   - xtl=0.7.0
   - xsimd=7.4.9
   - nlohmann_json
+  - doctest
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
index ccace0fa0..3468dcf57 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_LAYOUT_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_LAYOUT_HPP
 
+#include <type_traits>
+
 // Do not include anything else here.
 // xlayout.hpp is included in xtensor_forward.hpp
 // and we don't want to bring other headers to it.
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 2e58db64f..6e5cc7b9a 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
 
+find_package(doctest            REQUIRED)
+find_package(Threads)
+
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test)
 
@@ -118,46 +121,6 @@ else()
   message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported compiler: ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}")
 endif()
 
-if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
-    if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST)
-        # Download and unpack googletest at configure time
-        configure_file(downloadGTest.cmake.in googletest-download/CMakeLists.txt)
-    else()
-        # Copy local source of googletest at configure time
-        configure_file(copyGTest.cmake.in googletest-download/CMakeLists.txt)
-    endif()
-    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" .
-                    RESULT_VARIABLE result
-                    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download )
-    if(result)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake step for googletest failed: ${result}")
-    endif()
-    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
-                    RESULT_VARIABLE result
-                    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download )
-    if(result)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "Build step for googletest failed: ${result}")
-    endif()
-
-    set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
-
-    # Add googletest directly to our build. This defines
-    # the gtest and gtest_main targets.
-    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src
-                     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
-
-    set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
-    add_library(GTest::GTest INTERFACE IMPORTED)
-    target_link_libraries(GTest::GTest INTERFACE gtest)
-    add_library(GTest::Main INTERFACE IMPORTED)
-    target_link_libraries(GTest::Main INTERFACE gtest_main)
-else()
-    find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
-endif()
-
-find_package(Threads)
-
-include_directories(${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS} SYSTEM)
 
 # For unit test and coverity scan.
 # The Coverity scanner takes time and it could cause build timeout(10mins) in Travis CI.
@@ -284,7 +247,7 @@ add_custom_target(
 
 foreach(filename IN LISTS COMMON_BASE XTENSOR_TESTS)
     string(REPLACE ".cpp" "" targetname ${filename})
-    add_executable(${targetname} ${filename} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
+    add_executable(${targetname} main.cpp ${filename} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
     if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
         target_compile_definitions(${targetname}
                                    PRIVATE
@@ -300,11 +263,8 @@ foreach(filename IN LISTS COMMON_BASE XTENSOR_TESTS)
     if(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         target_compile_definitions(${targetname} PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
     endif()
-    if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
-        add_dependencies(${targetname} gtest_main)
-    endif()
     target_include_directories(${targetname} PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
-    target_link_libraries(${targetname} PRIVATE xtensor GTest::GTest GTest::Main ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+    target_link_libraries(${targetname} PRIVATE xtensor doctest::doctest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
     add_custom_target(
         x${targetname}
         COMMAND ${targetname}
@@ -312,7 +272,7 @@ foreach(filename IN LISTS COMMON_BASE XTENSOR_TESTS)
     add_test(NAME ${targetname} COMMAND ${targetname})
 endforeach()
 
-add_executable(test_xtensor_lib ${COMMON_BASE} ${XTENSOR_TESTS} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
+add_executable(test_xtensor_lib  main.cpp ${COMMON_BASE} ${XTENSOR_TESTS} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
     target_compile_definitions(test_xtensor_lib
                                PRIVATE
@@ -329,12 +289,8 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
     target_compile_definitions(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
-if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
-    add_dependencies(test_xtensor_lib gtest_main)
-endif()
-
 target_include_directories(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
-target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE xtensor GTest::GTest GTest::Main ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE xtensor  doctest::doctest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 
 add_custom_target(xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib DEPENDS test_xtensor_lib)
 add_test(NAME xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib)
@@ -345,9 +301,5 @@ add_test(NAME xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib)
 add_library(test_xtensor_core_lib ${COMMON_BASE} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 target_include_directories(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
 
-if(DOWNLOAD_GTEST OR GTEST_SRC_DIR)
-    add_dependencies(test_xtensor_core_lib gtest_main)
-endif()
-
-target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE xtensor GTest::GTest GTest::Main ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE xtensor doctest::doctest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 add_custom_target(coverity COMMAND coverity_scan DEPENDS test_xtensor_core_lib)
diff --git a/test/copyGTest.cmake.in b/test/copyGTest.cmake.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 6db02b3dc..000000000
--- a/test/copyGTest.cmake.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-############################################################################
-# Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          #
-# Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 #
-#                                                                          #
-# Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 #
-#                                                                          #
-# The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
-############################################################################
-
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.2)
-
-project(googletest-download NONE)
-
-include(ExternalProject)
-ExternalProject_Add(googletest
-    URL               "${GTEST_SRC_DIR}"
-    SOURCE_DIR        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src"
-    BINARY_DIR        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build"
-    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
-    BUILD_COMMAND     ""
-    INSTALL_COMMAND   ""
-    TEST_COMMAND      ""
-)
-
diff --git a/test/downloadGTest.cmake.in b/test/downloadGTest.cmake.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 9743d0c38..000000000
--- a/test/downloadGTest.cmake.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-############################################################################
-# Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          #
-# Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 #
-#                                                                          #
-# Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 #
-#                                                                          #
-# The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
-############################################################################
-
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.2)
-
-project(googletest-download NONE)
-
-include(ExternalProject)
-ExternalProject_Add(googletest
-    GIT_REPOSITORY    https://github.com/JohanMabille/googletest.git
-    GIT_TAG           warnings
-    SOURCE_DIR        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src"
-    BINARY_DIR        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build"
-    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
-    BUILD_COMMAND     ""
-    INSTALL_COMMAND   ""
-    TEST_COMMAND      ""
-)
-
diff --git a/test/main.cpp b/test/main.cpp
index 078b4619a..a2d9121e7 100644
--- a/test/main.cpp
+++ b/test/main.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char* argv[])
-{
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+#if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+#include "doctest/doctest.h"
diff --git a/test/test_common.hpp b/test/test_common.hpp
index 3156f0cdc..9424b6c7d 100644
--- a/test/test_common.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common.hpp
@@ -14,6 +14,18 @@
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
+// the tests used to be implemented with gtest
+// testing::Types<...> and testing::Test
+// where introduced to keep compatible
+// with the gtest test where we can
+namespace testing
+{
+    template<class ... ARGS>
+    using Types = std::tuple<ARGS ...>;
+
+    struct Test{};
+}
+
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class T, class A, class AV>
@@ -173,14 +185,14 @@ namespace xt
     void test_resize(V& vec)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major resize");
+            INFO("row_major resize");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(vec, rm);
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different types resize");
+            INFO("different types resize");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             auto v_copy_a = vec;
             auto v_copy_b = vec;
@@ -193,21 +205,21 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major resize");
+            INFO("column_major resize");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             vec.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             compare_shape(vec, cm);
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major resize");
+            INFO("central_major resize");
             central_major_result<C> cem;
             vec.resize(cem.m_shape, cem.m_strides);
             compare_shape(vec, cem);
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_shape resize");
+            INFO("unit_shape resize");
             unit_shape_result<C> usr;
             vec.resize(usr.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(vec, usr, false);
@@ -219,7 +231,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_reshape(V& vec)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major reshape");
+            INFO("row_major reshape");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             auto shape = rm.m_shape;
             std::size_t sz = compute_size(shape);
@@ -252,7 +264,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_throwing_reshape(V& vec)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("throwing reshape");
+            INFO("throwing reshape");
             vec = xt::arange(6);
             XT_EXPECT_THROW(vec.reshape({2}), std::runtime_error);
         }
@@ -263,8 +275,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using shape_type = typename V::shape_type;
         using strides_type = typename V::strides_type;
+
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("transpose");
+            INFO("transpose");
             shape_type shape_new = vec.shape();
             auto vt = transpose(vec);
             std::reverse(shape_new.begin(), shape_new.end());
@@ -272,7 +285,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("transpose with data");
+            INFO("transpose with data");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.shape(), layout_type::row_major);
 
@@ -304,7 +317,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("transpose with permutation");
+            INFO("transpose with permutation");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.shape(), layout_type::row_major);
 
@@ -340,7 +353,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("transpose permutation throws");
+            INFO("transpose permutation throws");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.reshape(rm.shape(), layout_type::row_major);
 
@@ -401,7 +414,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_access(V& vec)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major access");
+            INFO("row_major access");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             assign_array(vec, rm.m_assigner);
@@ -412,7 +425,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major access");
+            INFO("column_major access");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             vec.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             assign_array(vec, cm.m_assigner);
@@ -423,7 +436,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major access");
+            INFO("central_major access");
             central_major_result<C> cem;
             vec.resize(cem.m_shape, cem.m_strides);
             assign_array(vec, cem.m_assigner);
@@ -434,7 +447,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_shape access");
+            INFO("unit_shape access");
             unit_shape_result<C> usr;
             vec.resize(usr.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             assign_array(vec, usr.m_assigner);
@@ -449,7 +462,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_unchecked(V& vec)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major access");
+            INFO("row_major access");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             assign_array(vec, rm.m_assigner);
@@ -458,7 +471,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major access");
+            INFO("column_major access");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             vec.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             assign_array(vec, cm.m_assigner);
@@ -467,7 +480,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major access");
+            INFO("central_major access");
             central_major_result<C> cem;
             vec.resize(cem.m_shape, cem.m_strides);
             assign_array(vec, cem.m_assigner);
@@ -476,7 +489,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_shape access");
+            INFO("unit_shape access");
             unit_shape_result<C> usr;
             vec.resize(usr.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             assign_array(vec, usr.m_assigner);
@@ -489,7 +502,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_at(V& vec)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major access");
+            INFO("row_major access");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             safe_assign_array(vec, rm.m_assigner);
@@ -498,7 +511,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major access");
+            INFO("column_major access");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             vec.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             safe_assign_array(vec, cm.m_assigner);
@@ -507,7 +520,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major access");
+            INFO("central_major access");
             central_major_result<C> cem;
             vec.resize(cem.m_shape, cem.m_strides);
             safe_assign_array(vec, cem.m_assigner);
@@ -516,7 +529,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_shape access");
+            INFO("unit_shape access");
             unit_shape_result<C> usr;
             vec.resize(usr.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             safe_assign_array(vec, usr.m_assigner);
@@ -529,7 +542,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_element(V& vec)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major access");
+            INFO("row_major access");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             assign_array(vec, rm.m_assigner);
@@ -544,7 +557,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major access");
+            INFO("column_major access");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             vec.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             assign_array(vec, cm.m_assigner);
@@ -559,7 +572,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major access");
+            INFO("central_major access");
             central_major_result<C> cem;
             vec.resize(cem.m_shape, cem.m_strides);
             assign_array(vec, cem.m_assigner);
@@ -574,7 +587,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_shape access");
+            INFO("unit_shape access");
             unit_shape_result<C> usr;
             vec.resize(usr.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             assign_array(vec, usr.m_assigner);
@@ -614,7 +627,7 @@ namespace xt
         xindex index1 = {1, 1};
         xindex index2 = {2, 2, 2, 1, 3};
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major access");
+            INFO("row_major access");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vec.resize(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             indexed_assign_array(vec, rm.m_assigner);
@@ -626,7 +639,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major access");
+            INFO("column_major access");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             vec.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             indexed_assign_array(vec, cm.m_assigner);
@@ -638,7 +651,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major access");
+            INFO("central_major access");
             central_major_result<C> cem;
             vec.resize(cem.m_shape, cem.m_strides);
             indexed_assign_array(vec, cem.m_assigner);
@@ -650,7 +663,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_shape access");
+            INFO("unit_shape access");
             unit_shape_result<C> usr;
             vec.resize(usr.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             indexed_assign_array(vec, usr.m_assigner);
@@ -673,7 +686,7 @@ namespace xt
         vec.resize(s);
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
+            INFO("same shape");
             shape_type s1 = s;
             bool res = vec.broadcast_shape(s1);
             EXPECT_EQ(s1, s);
@@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
+            INFO("different shape");
             shape_type s2 = {3, 5, 1, 2};
             shape_type s2r = {3, 5, 4, 2};
             bool res = vec.broadcast_shape(s2);
@@ -690,7 +703,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("incompatible shapes");
+            INFO("incompatible shapes");
             shape_type s4 = {2, 1, 3, 2};
             XT_EXPECT_THROW(vec.broadcast_shape(s4), broadcast_error);
         }
@@ -705,7 +718,7 @@ namespace xt
         vec.resize(s);
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
+            INFO("different dimensions");
             shape_type s3 = {5, 3, 1, 4, 2};
             shape_type s3r = s3;
             bool res = vec.broadcast_shape(s3);
@@ -718,7 +731,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_iterator(VRM& vecrm, VCM& veccm)
     {
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major storage iterator");
+            INFO("row_major storage iterator");
             row_major_result<C> rm;
             vecrm.resize(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             std::copy(rm.storage().cbegin(), rm.storage().cend(), vecrm.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
@@ -727,7 +740,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major storage iterator");
+            INFO("column_major storage iterator");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             veccm.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             std::copy(cm.storage().cbegin(), cm.storage().cend(), veccm.template begin<layout_type::column_major>());
@@ -758,8 +771,8 @@ namespace xt
         size_t nb_iter = vec.size() / 2;
         using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
 
-        // broadcast_iterator
         {
+            INFO("broadcast_iterator");
             auto iter = vec.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
             auto iter_end = vec.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
             for (size_t i = 0; i < nb_iter; ++i)
@@ -774,8 +787,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(iter, iter_end);
         }
 
-        // shaped_xiterator
         {
+            INFO("shaped_xiterator");
             shape_type shape(rm.m_shape.size() + 1);
             std::copy(rm.m_shape.begin(), rm.m_shape.end(), shape.begin() + 1);
             shape[0] = 2;
@@ -793,8 +806,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(iter, iter_end);
         }
 
-        // column broadcast_iterator
         {
+            INFO("column broadcast_iterator");
             auto iter = vec.template begin<layout_type::column_major>();
             auto iter_end = vec.template end<layout_type::column_major>();
             for (size_t i = 0; i < nb_iter; ++i)
@@ -809,8 +822,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(iter, iter_end);
         }
 
-        // column shaped_xiterator
         {
+            INFO("column shaped_xiterator");
             shape_type shape(rm.m_shape.size() + 1);
             std::copy(rm.m_shape.begin(), rm.m_shape.end(), shape.begin() + 1);
             shape[0] = 2;
@@ -837,8 +850,8 @@ namespace xt
         indexed_assign_array(vec, rm.m_assigner);
         size_t nb_iter = vec.size() / 2;
 
-        // broadcast_iterator
         {
+            INFO("broadcast_iterator");
             auto iter = vec.template rbegin<layout_type::row_major>();
             auto iter_end = vec.template rend<layout_type::row_major>();
             for (size_t i = 0; i < nb_iter; ++i)
@@ -853,8 +866,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(iter, iter_end);
         }
 
-        // shaped_xiterator
         {
+            INFO("shaped_xiterator");
             using shape_type = std::vector<size_t>;
             shape_type shape(rm.m_shape.size() + 1);
             std::copy(rm.m_shape.begin(), rm.m_shape.end(), shape.begin() + 1);
diff --git a/test/test_common_macros.hpp b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
index 95e2826ed..1ecaf92df 100644
--- a/test/test_common_macros.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
@@ -1,26 +1,57 @@
 #ifndef TEST_COMMON_MACROS_HPP
 #define TEST_COMMON_MACROS_HPP
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+ #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+#include "doctest/doctest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
 
-#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y) EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(x, "");
-#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y) ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(x, "");
-#define XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x) EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(x, "");
-#define XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x) ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(x, "");
+#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y)  #warning "XT_EXPECT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
+#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y)  #warning "XT_ASSERT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
+#define XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x) #warning "XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
+#define XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x) #warning "XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
 #define XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) x;
 #define XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(x) x;
 
 #else
 
-#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y) EXPECT_THROW(x, y);
-#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y) EXPECT_THROW(x, y);
-#define XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x) EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x);
-#define XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x) ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x);
-#define XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) EXPECT_NO_THROW(x);
-#define XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(x) ASSERT_NO_THROW(x);
+#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y) CHECK_THROWS_AS(x, y);
+#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y) REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(x, y);
+#define XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x) CHECK_THROWS_AS(x, std::exception);
+#define XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x) REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(x, std::exception);
+#define XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) x;
+#define XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(x) x;
 #endif
 
 #endif
+
+#define EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x)
+#define EXPECT_THROW(x, y) XT_EXPECT_THROW(x,y)
+
+#define TEST(A,B) TEST_CASE(#A"."#B )
+#define EXPECT_EQ(A,B) CHECK_EQ(A,B)
+#define EXPECT_NE(A,B) CHECK_NE(A,B)
+#define EXPECT_LE(A,B) CHECK_LE(A,B)
+#define EXPECT_GE(A,B) CHECK_GE(A,B)
+#define EXPECT_LT(A,B) CHECK_LT(A,B)
+#define EXPECT_GT(A,B) CHECK_GT(A,B)
+#define EXPECT_TRUE(A) CHECK_EQ(A, true)
+#define EXPECT_FALSE(A) CHECK_FALSE(A)
+
+#define ASSERT_EQ(A,B) REQUIRE_EQ(A,B)
+#define ASSERT_NE(A,B) REQUIRE_NE(A,B)
+#define ASSERT_LE(A,B) REQUIRE_LE(A,B)
+#define ASSERT_GE(A,B) REQUIRE_GE(A,B)
+#define ASSERT_LT(A,B) REQUIRE_LT(A,B)
+#define ASSERT_GT(A,B) REQUIRE_GT(A,B)
+#define ASSERT_TRUE(A) REQUIRE_EQ(A, true)
+#define ASSERT_FALSE(A) REQUIRE_FALSE(A)
+
+#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(x,y)   CHECK(x == doctest::Approx(y));
+
+#define TEST_F(FIXTURE_CLASS, NAME)\
+    TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FIXTURE_CLASS, #NAME)
diff --git a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
index a0c74701d..e7e9f2cd9 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
index bc540be73..5defe0686 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
index a683a9d8e..f942922a4 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
index eaa602240..6b285fdd7 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index 559e70c68..57b6346a4 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 // Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
diff --git a/test/test_sfinae.cpp b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
index 2f95909f4..3376e2ee2 100644
--- a/test/test_sfinae.cpp
+++ b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 // #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
index 6a4b34c38..ca19e0363 100644
--- a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 25a4121cf..3f352c9ba 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
index e18b8fe9f..d0cde16ce 100644
--- a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
 
+TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("adaptor_semantic");
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using vector_type = std::vector<int>;
@@ -35,17 +37,16 @@ namespace xt
     using get_test_adaptor_t = typename get_test_adaptor<C>::type;
 
     template <class C>
-    class adaptor_semantic : public ::testing::Test
+    class adaptor_semantic
     {
     public:
         using container_type = C;
         using adaptor_type = get_test_adaptor_t<C>;
     };
 
-    using testing_types = ::testing::Types<xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic>;
-    TYPED_TEST_SUITE(adaptor_semantic, testing_types);
+    #define ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, xsimd_info)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("xsimd_info", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
         std::cout << "Built with XSIMD" << std::endl;
@@ -63,36 +64,36 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_plus_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
+        SUBCASE("row_major + row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a + tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a + tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a + tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a + tester.ua;
@@ -100,37 +101,37 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_minus_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a - tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a - tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a - tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a - tester.ua;
@@ -138,37 +139,37 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_times_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a * tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a * tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a * tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a * tester.ua;
@@ -176,37 +177,37 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_divide_by_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a / tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a / tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a / tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a / tester.ua;
@@ -214,13 +215,13 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_plus_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_equal_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -228,8 +229,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -237,8 +238,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -246,8 +247,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -256,13 +257,13 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_minus_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_equal_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -270,8 +271,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -279,8 +280,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -288,8 +289,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -298,13 +299,13 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_times_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_equal_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -312,8 +313,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -321,8 +322,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -330,8 +331,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -340,13 +341,13 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(adaptor_semantic, a_divide_by_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_equal_b", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
-        using adaptor_type = typename TestFixture::adaptor_type;
+        using adaptor_type = typename adaptor_semantic<TypeParam>::adaptor_type;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= row_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -354,8 +355,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= column_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -363,8 +364,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= central_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -372,8 +373,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= unit_major");
             vector_type v;
             adaptor_type b(v);
             b = tester.a;
@@ -381,4 +382,6 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
+    #undef ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES
 }
+TEST_SUITE_END();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index 5e51ad5d4..81724d940 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
@@ -21,22 +21,22 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray, shaped_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major constructor");
             row_major_result<> rm;
             xarray_dynamic ra(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(ra, rm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major constructor");
             column_major_result<> cm;
             xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> ca(cm.m_shape);
             compare_shape(ca, cm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("from shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("from shape");
             std::array<std::size_t, 3> shp = {5, 4, 2};
             std::vector<std::size_t> shp_as_vec = {5, 4, 2};
             auto ca = xarray<int, layout_type::column_major>::from_shape({3, 2, 1});
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray, valued_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major valued constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major valued constructor");
             row_major_result<> rm;
             int value = 2;
             xarray_dynamic ra(rm.m_shape, value, layout_type::row_major);
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(ra.storage(), vec);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major valued constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major valued constructor");
             column_major_result<> cm;
             int value = 2;
             xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> ca(cm.m_shape, value);
@@ -100,15 +100,15 @@ namespace xt
         int value = 2;
         xarray_dynamic a(res.m_shape, res.m_strides, value);
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             xarray_dynamic b(a);
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("assignment operator");
             row_major_result<> r;
             xarray_dynamic c(r.m_shape, 0);
             EXPECT_NE(a.storage(), c.storage());
@@ -124,16 +124,16 @@ namespace xt
         int value = 2;
         xarray_dynamic a(res.m_shape, res.m_strides, value);
 
+        SUBCASE("move constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move constructor");
             xarray_dynamic tmp(a);
             xarray_dynamic b(std::move(tmp));
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("move assignment")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move assignment");
             row_major_result<> r;
             xarray_dynamic c(r.m_shape, 0);
             EXPECT_NE(a.storage(), c.storage());
diff --git a/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
index 45a53c086..afdae118c 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
@@ -18,16 +17,16 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, shaped_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major constructor");
             row_major_result<> rm;
             vec_type v;
             adaptor_type a(v, rm.shape(), layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(a, rm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major constructor");
             column_major_result<> cm;
             vec_type v;
             adaptor_type a(v, cm.shape(), layout_type::column_major);
@@ -50,15 +49,15 @@ namespace xt
         vec_type v(res.size(), value);
         adaptor_type a(v, res.shape(), res.strides());
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             adaptor_type b(a);
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("assignment operator");
             row_major_result<> r;
             vec_type v2(r.size(), 0);
             adaptor_type c(v2, r.shape());
@@ -76,16 +75,16 @@ namespace xt
         vec_type v(res.size(), value);
         adaptor_type a(v, res.shape(), res.strides());
 
+        SUBCASE("move constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move constructor");
             adaptor_type tmp(a);
             adaptor_type b(std::move(tmp));
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("move assignment")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move assignment");
             row_major_result<> r;
             vec_type v2(r.size(), 0);
             adaptor_type c(v2, r.shape());
diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
index 3f5618a66..76c19eafd 100644
--- a/test/test_xassign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
index 3f3d9b509..61fb17819 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
index cd54cbc86..2646b1964 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
index 1c3ab3468..ced09f742 100644
--- a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
index 733ab5ced..80f52bc74 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 0aa86cf16..90d0d808d 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@
 #define VS_SKIP_CONCATENATE_FIXED 1
 #endif
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 7da81fc69..8b0c7a4af 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
index 6a61f254b..c4d92dc9a 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index 3f838b9b0..ea910c45c 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <complex>
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
diff --git a/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
index c578fc7b6..1b1fc4a8d 100644
--- a/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
 
+TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("container_semantic");
+
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class C>
@@ -19,671 +21,673 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    using testing_types = ::testing::Types<xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic>;
-    TYPED_TEST_SUITE(container_semantic, testing_types);
+    #define CONTAINER_SEMANTIC_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_plus_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a + tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a + tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a + tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a + tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_minus_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a - tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a - tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a - tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a - tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_times_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a * tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a * tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a * tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a * tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_divide_by_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a / tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a / tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a / tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a / tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_bitwise_and_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_and_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_and<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a & tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a & tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a & tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a & tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_bitwise_or_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_or_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_or<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a | tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a | tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a | tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a | tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_bitwise_xor_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_xor_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_xor<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a ^ tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a ^ tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a ^ tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a ^ tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_plus_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b += tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b += tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b += tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major += unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b += tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_minus_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b -= tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b -= tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b -= tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major -= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b -= tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_times_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b *= tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b *= tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b *= tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major *= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b *= tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_divide_by_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b /= tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b /= tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b /= tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major /= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b /= tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_bitwise_and_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_and_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_and<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major &= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major &= row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b &= tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major &= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major &= column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b &= tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major &= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major &= central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b &= tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major &= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major &= unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b &= tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_bitwise_or_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_or_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_or<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major |= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major |= row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b |= tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major |= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major |= column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b |= tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major |= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major |= central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b |= tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major |= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major |= unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b |= tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, a_bitwise_xor_equal_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_xor_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_xor<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^= row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^= row_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b ^= tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^= column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^= column_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b ^= tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^= central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^= central_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b ^= tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^= unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^= unit_major");
             TypeParam b = tester.a;
             b ^= tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, assign_a_plus_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_plus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + row_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a + tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + column_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a + tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + central_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a + tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major + unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + unit_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a + tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, assign_a_minus_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_minus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - row_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a - tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - column_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a - tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - central_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a - tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major - unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - unit_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a - tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, assign_a_multiplies_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_multiplies_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * row_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a * tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * column_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a * tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * central_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a * tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major * unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * unit_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a * tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, assign_a_divides_by_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_divides_by_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / row_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a / tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / column_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a / tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / central_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a / tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major / unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / unit_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a / tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, assign_a_bitwise_and_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_and_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_and<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & row_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a & tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & column_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a & tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & central_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a & tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major & unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major & unit_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a & tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, assign_a_bitwise_or_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_or_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_or<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | row_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a | tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | column_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a | tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | central_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a | tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major | unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major | unit_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a | tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(container_semantic, assign_a_bitwise_xor_b)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_xor_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_xor<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ row_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ row_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a ^ tester.ra;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ column_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ column_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a ^ tester.ca;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ central_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ central_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a ^ tester.cta;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major ^ unit_major")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major ^ unit_major");
             TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
             b = tester.a ^ tester.ua;
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
+
+    #undef CONTAINER_SEMANTIC_TYPES
 }
+TEST_SUITE_END();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/test_xcsv.cpp b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
index f356b25c1..50863fe05 100644
--- a/test/test_xcsv.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <sstream>
 #include <iostream>
diff --git a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
index b96461ff6..90b8a7b86 100644
--- a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #warning "test_xdatesupport.cpp has been deactivated because it leads to internal compiler error"
 #else
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <chrono>
 
diff --git a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
index 80408200c..21df8c871 100644
--- a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xeval.cpp b/test/test_xeval.cpp
index 559791415..a7e89349a 100644
--- a/test/test_xeval.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xeval.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xeval.hpp"
@@ -302,4 +302,4 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3);
         }
     }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/test_xexception.cpp b/test/test_xexception.cpp
index 45b7fc034..88b67cea4 100644
--- a/test/test_xexception.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexception.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xexception.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace xt
         try
         {
             XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(false, "Intentional error");
-            FAIL() << "No exception thrown.";
+            CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "no exception thrown");
         }
         catch (std::runtime_error& e)
         {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace xt
         try
         {
             XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(false, "Intentional error");
-            FAIL() << "No exception thrown.";
+            CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "no exception thrown");
         }
         catch (std::runtime_error& e)
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
index 8bb53684c..2cae05083 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include <sstream>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp b/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
index d7421d325..b1cdf9c9a 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
index 61cfb1437..fa0510192 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index 665d28d58..20e6f337a 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 // an easy way to prevent compilation
 #ifndef VS_SKIP_XFIXED
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
index 77c35bb13..ba4a431b0 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index de9d5cf4b..c5ebdb9a7 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 #include "test_common.hpp"
@@ -76,24 +76,24 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = layout_result<>::shape_type;
         xfunction_features f;
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             shape_type sh = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(3);
             bool trivial = (f.m_a + f.m_a).broadcast_shape(sh);
             EXPECT_EQ(sh, f.m_a.shape());
             ASSERT_TRUE(trivial);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             shape_type sh = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(3);
             bool trivial = (f.m_a + f.m_b).broadcast_shape(sh);
             EXPECT_EQ(sh, f.m_a.shape());
             ASSERT_FALSE(trivial);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             shape_type sh = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(4);
             bool trivial = (f.m_a + f.m_c).broadcast_shape(sh);
             EXPECT_EQ(sh, f.m_c.shape());
@@ -170,22 +170,22 @@ namespace xt
         size_t j = f.m_a.shape()[1] - 1;
         size_t k = f.m_a.shape()[2] - 1;
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a)(i, j, k);
             int b = f.m_a(i, j, k) + f.m_a(i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_b)(i, j, k);
             int b = f.m_a(i, j, k) + f.m_b(i, 0, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_c)(1, i, j, k);
             int b = f.m_a(i, j, k) + f.m_c(1, i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
@@ -199,15 +199,15 @@ namespace xt
         size_t j = f.m_a.shape()[1] - 1;
         size_t k = f.m_a.shape()[2] - 1;
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a)(i, j, k);
             int b = (f.m_a + f.m_a).unchecked(i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_b)(i, j, k);
             int b = (f.m_a + f.m_b).unchecked(i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ namespace xt
         size_t j = f.m_a.shape()[1] - 1;
         size_t k = f.m_a.shape()[2] - 1;
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a).at(i, j, k);
             int b = f.m_a.at(i, j, k) + f.m_a.at(i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ namespace xt
             XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW((f.m_a + f.m_a).at(10, 10, 10));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_b).at(i, j, k);
             int b = f.m_a.at(i, j, k) + f.m_b.at(i, 0, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ namespace xt
             XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW((f.m_a + f.m_a).at(10, 10, 10));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_c).at(1, i, j, k);
             int b = f.m_a.at(i, j, k) + f.m_c.at(1, i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
@@ -256,15 +256,15 @@ namespace xt
         size_t j = f.m_a.shape()[1];
         size_t k = f.m_a.shape()[2];
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a)(0, 0, 0);
             int b = (f.m_a + f.m_a).periodic(i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_b)(0, 0, 0);
             int b = (f.m_a + f.m_b).periodic(i, j, k);
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
@@ -302,14 +302,14 @@ namespace xt
         size_t j = f.m_a.shape()[1];
         size_t k = f.m_a.shape()[2];
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             EXPECT_TRUE((f.m_a + f.m_a).in_bounds(0, 0, 0) == true);
             EXPECT_TRUE((f.m_a + f.m_a).in_bounds(i, j, k) == false);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             EXPECT_TRUE((f.m_a + f.m_b).in_bounds(0, 0, 0) == true);
             EXPECT_TRUE((f.m_a + f.m_b).in_bounds(i, j, k) == false);
         }
@@ -323,16 +323,16 @@ namespace xt
         index[1] = f.m_a.shape()[1] - 1;
         index[2] = f.m_a.shape()[2] - 1;
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_a)[index];
             int b = f.m_a[index] + f.m_a[index];
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(((f.m_a + f.m_a)[{0, 0, 0}]), (f.m_a[{0, 0, 0}] + f.m_a[{0, 0, 0}]));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             int a = (f.m_a + f.m_b)[index];
             xindex index2 = index;
             index2[1] = 0;
@@ -341,8 +341,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(((f.m_a + f.m_b)[{0, 0, 0}]), (f.m_a[{0, 0, 0}] + f.m_b[{0, 0, 0}]));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             xindex index2(f.m_c.dimension());
             index2[0] = 1;
             index2[1] = index[0];
@@ -374,18 +374,18 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xfunction_features f;
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             test_xfunction_iterator(f.m_a, f.m_a);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             test_xfunction_iterator(f.m_a, f.m_b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             test_xfunction_iterator(f.m_c, f.m_a);
         }
     }
@@ -407,18 +407,18 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xfunction_features f;
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             test_xfunction_iterator_end(f.m_a, f.m_a);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             test_xfunction_iterator_end(f.m_a, f.m_b);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             test_xfunction_iterator_end(f.m_c, f.m_a);
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
index a4614545b..5756b26c4 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index b9a096cb4..7b2d0c7ed 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
index 9fea13335..a0a72bc80 100644
--- a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xinfo.cpp b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
index a99aa1234..889c1e679 100644
--- a/test/test_xinfo.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
diff --git a/test/test_xio.cpp b/test/test_xio.cpp
index a9506fb55..42b096c0e 100644
--- a/test/test_xio.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xio.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
diff --git a/test/test_xiterator.cpp b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
index c04f736e8..5c7bd6b6e 100644
--- a/test/test_xiterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@ namespace xt
         using result_type = R;
     };
 
-    using testing_types = ::testing::Types<row_major_result<>, column_major_result<>,
-        central_major_result<>, unit_shape_result<>>;
-    TYPED_TEST_SUITE(xiterator_test, testing_types);
-
     using std::size_t;
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -54,38 +50,8 @@ namespace xt
             iter2++;
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter, expected) << "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter2, expected) << "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xiterator_test, increment)
-    {
-        typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - row_major iterator");
-            test_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - column_major iterator");
-            test_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter==expected, "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter2==expected, "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -110,39 +76,12 @@ namespace xt
         iter += nb_inc;
         auto iter3 = iter2 + nb_inc;
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter, expected) << "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter3, expected) << "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-        EXPECT_EQ(iter2[nb_inc], expected) << "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xiterator_test, random_increment)
-    {
-        typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - row_major iterator");
-            test_random_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_random_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - column_major iterator");
-            test_random_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter==expected,  "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter3==expected,  "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter2[nb_inc]==expected,  "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_random_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -161,40 +100,10 @@ namespace xt
             ++iter;
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(iter, last) << "iterator doesn't reach the end";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter==last, "iterator doesn't reach the end");
         EXPECT_FALSE(iter < last);
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(xiterator_test, end)
-    {
-        typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - row_major iterator");
-            test_end<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_end<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - column_major iterator");
-            test_end<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_end<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
-        }
-    }
-
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
     void test_decrement(const R& result, const S& shape)
     {
@@ -218,38 +127,8 @@ namespace xt
             ++iter;
             iter2++;
         }
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter, expected) << "predecrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter2, expected) << "postdecrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xiterator_test, decrement)
-    {
-        typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - row_major iterator");
-            test_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - column_major iterator");
-            test_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
-        }
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter == expected, "predecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter2 == expected, "postdecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -275,38 +154,8 @@ namespace xt
         iter += nb_inc;
         auto iter3 = iter2 + nb_inc;
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter, expected) << "predecrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter3, expected) << "postdecrement operator doesn't give expected result";
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xiterator_test, random_decrement)
-    {
-        typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - row_major iterator");
-            test_random_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_random_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - column_major iterator");
-            test_random_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_random_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
-        }
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter == expected , "predecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter3 == expected , "postdecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -321,47 +170,218 @@ namespace xt
         auto iter = a.template rbegin<L>(shape);
         auto last = a.template rend<L>(shape);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(*iter, data.back()) << "dereferencing rbegin does not result in last element";
-        EXPECT_EQ(*last, data.front()) << "dereferencing rend does not result in first element";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter==data.back(), "dereferencing rbegin does not result in last element");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*last==data.front(), "dereferencing rend does not result in first element");
 
         for (size_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
         {
             ++iter;
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(iter, last) << "reverse iterator doesn't reach the end";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter==last, "reverse iterator doesn't reach the end");
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(xiterator_test, reverse_end)
+    #define XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES\
+        row_major_result<>,\
+        column_major_result<>,\
+        central_major_result<>,\
+        unit_shape_result<>
+
+    TEST_SUITE("xiterator_test")
     {
-        typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("increment", TypeParam, XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - row_major iterator");
-            test_rend<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            using TestFixture = xiterator_test<TypeParam>;
+            typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
+            SUBCASE("same shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("same shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
         }
 
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("random_increment", TypeParam, XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_rend<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
+            using TestFixture = xiterator_test<TypeParam>;
+            typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
+            SUBCASE("same shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_random_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_random_increment<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("same shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_random_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_random_increment<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
         }
 
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("end", TypeParam, XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - column_major iterator");
-            test_rend<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            using TestFixture = xiterator_test<TypeParam>;
+            typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
+            SUBCASE("same shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_end<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_end<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("same shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_end<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_end<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
         }
 
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("decrement", TypeParam, XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator");
-            layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
-            sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
-            test_rend<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
+            using TestFixture = xiterator_test<TypeParam>;
+            typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
+            SUBCASE("same shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("same shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("random_decrement", TypeParam, XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using TestFixture = xiterator_test<TypeParam>;
+            typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
+            SUBCASE("same shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_random_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_random_decrement<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("same shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_random_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_random_decrement<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("reverse_end", TypeParam, XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using TestFixture = xiterator_test<TypeParam>;
+            typename TestFixture::result_type rm;
+            SUBCASE("same shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_rend<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_rend<layout_type::row_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("same shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                test_rend<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator")
+            {
+                layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
+                sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
+                test_rend<layout_type::column_major>(rm, sh);
+            }
         }
     }
 
+
+
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
     void test_minus(const R& result, const S& shape)
     {
@@ -383,29 +403,29 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto iter = a.template begin<L>() + nb_inc;
         auto iter2 = a.template begin<L>() + nb_inc2;
-        EXPECT_EQ(iter2 - iter, expected) << "operator- doesn't give expected result";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter2 - iter == expected, "operator- doesn't give expected result");
 
         auto riter = a.template rbegin<L>() + nb_inc;
         auto riter2 = a.template rbegin<L>() + nb_inc2;
-        EXPECT_EQ(riter2 - riter, expected) << "operator- doesn't give expected result";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(riter2 - riter == expected, "operator- doesn't give expected result");
 
         auto diff = a.template end<L>() - a.template begin<L>();
-        EXPECT_EQ(size_type(diff), a.size());
+        CHECK_EQ(size_type(diff), a.size());
 
         auto rdiff = a.template rend<L>() - a.template rbegin<L>();
-        EXPECT_EQ(size_type(rdiff), a.size());
+        CHECK_EQ(size_type(rdiff), a.size());
     }
 
     TEST(xiterator, row_major_minus)
     {
         row_major_result<> rm;
+        SUBCASE("same shape - row_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - row_major iterator");
             test_minus<layout_type::row_major>(rm, rm.shape());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - row_major iterator");
             layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
             sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
             sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
@@ -416,13 +436,13 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xiterator, column_major_minus)
     {
         column_major_result<> rm;
+        SUBCASE("same shape - column_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape - column_major iterator");
             test_minus<layout_type::column_major>(rm, rm.shape());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("broadcasting shape - column_major iterator");
             layout_result<>::shape_type sh = rm.shape();
             sh.insert(sh.begin(), 2);
             sh.insert(sh.begin(), 4);
@@ -490,15 +510,15 @@ namespace xt
         using vector_type = row_major_result<>::vector_type;
         xarray_adaptor<vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(rm.storage(), rm.shape(), rm.strides());
         
+        SUBCASE("row_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major iterator");
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
             std::copy(a.cbegin<layout_type::row_major>(), a.cend<layout_type::row_major>(), dst.begin<layout_type::row_major>());
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major iterator");
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
             std::copy(a.cbegin<layout_type::column_major>(), a.cend<layout_type::column_major>(), dst.begin<layout_type::column_major>());
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
@@ -511,15 +531,15 @@ namespace xt
         using vector_type = row_major_result<>::vector_type;
         xarray_adaptor<vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(rm.storage(), rm.shape(), rm.strides());
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major iterator");
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
             std::copy(a.crbegin<layout_type::row_major>(), a.crend<layout_type::row_major>(), dst.rbegin<layout_type::row_major>());
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major iterator");
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
             std::copy(a.crbegin<layout_type::column_major>(), a.crend<layout_type::column_major>(), dst.rbegin<layout_type::column_major>());
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
diff --git a/test/test_xjson.cpp b/test/test_xjson.cpp
index 68735a647..06e53ec3f 100644
--- a/test/test_xjson.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xjson.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <string>
 
diff --git a/test/test_xlayout.cpp b/test/test_xlayout.cpp
index c287cb03b..e33d3c078 100644
--- a/test/test_xlayout.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xlayout.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index 01a084ec5..5c65eda85 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
index 5299ad750..f11111682 100644
--- a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 4b9a80957..279f0b5e7 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
@@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ namespace xt
         using array_type = xarray<double>;
         array_type a = { {1.2, 2.3}, {3.4, 4.5} };
 
+        SUBCASE("unary function")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unary function");
             auto fexp = exp(a);
             using assign_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(fexp)>;
 #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
@@ -345,8 +345,8 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("binary function")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("binary function");
             auto fpow = pow(a, a);
             using assign_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(fpow)>;
 #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
@@ -360,8 +360,8 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("ternary function")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("ternary function");
             auto ffma = xt::fma(a, a, a);
             using assign_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(ffma)>;
 #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index c54a66076..3bded76a1 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #include <complex>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 // The following disables the conversion warnings. These warnings
 // are legit and we don't want to avoid them with specific cast
diff --git a/test/test_xmime.cpp b/test/test_xmime.cpp
index ffe788394..3be9bcec6 100644
--- a/test/test_xmime.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmime.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <iostream>
 
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index ce349c106..37a46655b 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
diff --git a/test/test_xnoalias.cpp b/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
index 3d3557dac..2eb5725f0 100644
--- a/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
@@ -24,347 +24,349 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    using testing_types = ::testing::Types<xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic>;
-    TYPED_TEST_SUITE(xnoalias, testing_types);
+    #define XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_plus_b)
+    TEST_SUITE("xnoalias")
     {
-        operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major - row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major - column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major - central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major - unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_multiplies_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major * row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major * column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major * central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major * unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divides_by_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major / row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major / column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major / central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major / unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
+                noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_equal_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major += row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) += tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major += column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) += tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major += central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) += tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major += unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) += tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_equal_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) -= tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) -= tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) -= tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) -= tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_equal_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) *= tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) *= tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) *= tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) *= tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_equal_b", TypeParam, XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) /= tester.ra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) /= tester.ca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) /= tester.cta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = tester.a;
+                noalias(b) /= tester.ua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE("scalar_ops")
+        {
+            xarray<int> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
+            xarray<int> b = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
+            xarray<int> c = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
+
+            xscalar<int> one(1), five(5), twelve(12), seven(7), bhalf(0b00001111), bxor(0b01001111);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) += 1;
+            b += 1;
+            xt::noalias(c) += one;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) -= 5;
+            b -= 5;
+            xt::noalias(c) -= five;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) *= 12;
+            b *= 12;
+            xt::noalias(c) *= twelve;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) /= 7;
+            b /= 7;
+            xt::noalias(c) /= seven;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) %= 7;
+            b %= 7;
+            xt::noalias(c) %= seven;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) &= 0b00001111;
+            b &= 0b00001111;
+            xt::noalias(c) &= bhalf;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) |= 0b00001111;
+            b |= 0b00001111;
+            xt::noalias(c) |= bhalf;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) ^= 0b01001111;
+            b ^= 0b01001111;
+            xt::noalias(c) ^= bxor;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
+
+            xt::noalias(a) = 123;
+            b = 123;
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + row_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + column_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + central_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+        }
 
+        TEST_CASE("rvalue")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + unit_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a + tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_minus_b)
-    {
-        operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+            xarray<int> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
+            xarray<int> b = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - row_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - column_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - central_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - unit_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a - tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_multiplies_b)
-    {
-        operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * row_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * column_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * central_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * unit_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a * tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_divides_by_b)
-    {
-        operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / row_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / column_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / central_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / unit_major");
-            TypeParam b(tester.ca.shape(), 0);
-            noalias(b) = tester.a / tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_plus_equal_b)
-    {
-        operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += row_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) += tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += column_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) += tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
+            xt::noalias(xt::view(a, 1)) += 10;
+            xt::view(b, 1) += 10;
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+
+            xt::noalias(xt::view(a, 1)) = 10;
+            xt::view(b, 1) = 10;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
         }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += central_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) += tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) += tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_minus_equal_b)
-    {
-        operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= row_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) -= tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= column_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) -= tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= central_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) -= tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) -= tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_times_equal_b)
-    {
-        operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= row_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) *= tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= column_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) *= tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= central_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) *= tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) *= tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(xnoalias, a_divide_by_equal_b)
-    {
-        operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= row_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) /= tester.ra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rr, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= column_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) /= tester.ca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rc, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= central_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) /= tester.cta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_rct, b);
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = tester.a;
-            noalias(b) /= tester.ua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
-
-    TEST(xnoalias, scalar_ops)
-    {
-        xarray<int> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-        xarray<int> b = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-        xarray<int> c = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-
-        xscalar<int> one(1), five(5), twelve(12), seven(7), bhalf(0b00001111), bxor(0b01001111);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) += 1;
-        b += 1;
-        xt::noalias(c) += one;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) -= 5;
-        b -= 5;
-        xt::noalias(c) -= five;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) *= 12;
-        b *= 12;
-        xt::noalias(c) *= twelve;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) /= 7;
-        b /= 7;
-        xt::noalias(c) /= seven;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) %= 7;
-        b %= 7;
-        xt::noalias(c) %= seven;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) &= 0b00001111;
-        b &= 0b00001111;
-        xt::noalias(c) &= bhalf;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) |= 0b00001111;
-        b |= 0b00001111;
-        xt::noalias(c) |= bhalf;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) ^= 0b01001111;
-        b ^= 0b01001111;
-        xt::noalias(c) ^= bxor;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-
-        xt::noalias(a) = 123;
-        b = 123;
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-    }
-
-    TEST(xnoalias, rvalue)
-    {
-        xarray<int> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-        xarray<int> b = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-
-        xt::noalias(xt::view(a, 1)) += 10;
-        xt::view(b, 1) += 10;
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-
-        xt::noalias(xt::view(a, 1)) = 10;
-        xt::view(b, 1) = 10;
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xnorm.cpp b/test/test_xnorm.cpp
index 51f45c26e..7d5b9e74e 100644
--- a/test/test_xnorm.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnorm.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index ef3f9e4dc..96e30a6c9 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xnpy.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
@@ -65,8 +65,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::ifstream dstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double"));
         auto darr_loaded_stream = load_npy<double>(dstream);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded_stream)))
-            << "Loading double numpy array from stream failed";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded_stream)),"Loading double numpy array from stream failed");
         dstream.close();
 
         auto barr_loaded = load_npy<bool>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
@@ -74,8 +73,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::ifstream bstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
         auto barr_loaded_stream = load_npy<bool>(bstream);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded_stream)))
-            << "Loading boolean numpy array from stream failed";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded_stream)),"Loading boolean numpy array from stream failed");
         bstream.close();
 
         auto dfarr_loaded = load_npy<double, layout_type::column_major>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double_fortran"));
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::string barr_str = dump_npy(barr);
         std::string barr_disk = read_file(compare_name);
-        EXPECT_EQ(barr_str, barr_disk) << "Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(barr_str==barr_disk,"Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
 
         std::remove(filename.c_str());
 
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::string ularr_str = dump_npy(ularr);
         std::string ularr_disk = read_file(compare_name);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ularr_str, ularr_disk) << "Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed";
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(ularr_str==ularr_disk,"Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
 
         std::remove(filename.c_str());
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xoperation.cpp b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
index 20a083a40..cb2e5b517 100644
--- a/test/test_xoperation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
@@ -83,763 +85,777 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    using testing_types = ::testing::Types<xarray<double>, xtensor<double, 2>>;
-    TYPED_TEST_SUITE(operation, testing_types);
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, plus)
-    {
-        using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
-        double ref = +(a(0, 0));
-        double actual = (+a)(0, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
-    }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, minus)
-    {
-        using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
-        double ref = -(a(0, 0));
-        double actual = (-a)(0, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
-    }
+    template <class T>
+    struct int_rebind;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, add)
+    template <>
+    struct int_rebind<xarray<double>>
     {
-        using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
-        TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a + b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) + b(0, 0));
+        using type = xarray<int>;
+    };
 
-        double sb = 1.2;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a + sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) + sb);
+    template <>
+    struct int_rebind<xtensor<double, 2>>
+    {
+        using type = xtensor<int, 2>;
+    };
 
-        double sa = 4.6;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa + b)(0, 0), sa + b(0, 0));
-    }
+    template <class T>
+    using int_rebind_t = typename int_rebind<T>::type;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, subtract)
+    struct vtype
     {
-        using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
-        TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a - b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) - b(0, 0));
+        double a = 0;
+        size_t b = 0;
+
+        explicit operator double() const { return a; }
+    };
 
-        double sb = 1.2;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a - sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) - sb);
 
-        double sa = 4.6;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa - b)(0, 0), sa - b(0, 0));
-    }
+    using xarray_type = xarray<double>;
+    using xtensor_2_type =  xtensor<double, 2>;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, multiply)
+    #define XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES xarray_type, xtensor_2_type
+
+    TEST_SUITE("operation")
     {
-        using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
-        TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a * b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) * b(0, 0));
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("plus", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
+            double ref = +(a(0, 0));
+            double actual = (+a)(0, 0);
+            EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
+        }
 
-        double sb = 1.2;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a * sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) * sb);
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("minus", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
+            double ref = -(a(0, 0));
+            double actual = (-a)(0, 0);
+            EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
+        }
 
-        double sa = 4.6;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa * b)(0, 0), sa * b(0, 0));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("add", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
+            TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a + b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) + b(0, 0));
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, divide)
-    {
-        using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
-        TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a / b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) / b(0, 0));
+            double sb = 1.2;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a + sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) + sb);
 
-        double sb = 1.2;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a / sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) / sb);
+            double sa = 4.6;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa + b)(0, 0), sa + b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-        double sa = 4.6;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa / b)(0, 0), sa / b(0, 0));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("subtract", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
+            TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a - b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) - b(0, 0));
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, modulus)
-    {
-        using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        using shape_type = typename int_container::shape_type;
+            double sb = 1.2;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a - sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) - sb);
 
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        int_container a(shape, 11);
-        int_container b(shape, 3);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a % b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) % b(0, 0));
+            double sa = 4.6;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa - b)(0, 0), sa - b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-        int sb = 3;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a % sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) % sb);
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("multiply", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
+            TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a * b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) * b(0, 0));
 
-        int sa = 11;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa % b)(0, 0), sa % b(0, 0));
-    }
+            double sb = 1.2;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a * sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) * sb);
 
-    template <class T>
-    struct int_rebind;
+            double sa = 4.6;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa * b)(0, 0), sa * b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-    template <>
-    struct int_rebind<xarray<double>>
-    {
-        using type = xarray<int>;
-    };
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("divide", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using shape_type = typename TypeParam::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            TypeParam a(shape, 4.5);
+            TypeParam b(shape, 1.3);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a / b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) / b(0, 0));
 
-    template <>
-    struct int_rebind<xtensor<double, 2>>
-    {
-        using type = xtensor<int, 2>;
-    };
+            double sb = 1.2;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a / sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) / sb);
 
-    template <class T>
-    using int_rebind_t = typename int_rebind<T>::type;
+            double sa = 4.6;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa / b)(0, 0), sa / b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, bitwise_and)
-    {
-        using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
-        using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        int_tensor a(shape, 14);
-        int_tensor b(shape, 15);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a & b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) & b(0, 0));
-
-        int sb = 48;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a & sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) & sb);
-
-        int sa = 24;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa & b)(0, 0), sa & b(0, 0));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("modulus", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            using shape_type = typename int_container::shape_type;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, bitwise_or)
-    {
-        using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
-        using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        int_tensor a(shape, 14);
-        int_tensor b(shape, 15);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a | b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) | b(0, 0));
-
-        int sb = 48;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a | sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) | sb);
-
-        int sa = 24;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa | b)(0, 0), sa | b(0, 0));
-    }
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            int_container a(shape, 11);
+            int_container b(shape, 3);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a % b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) % b(0, 0));
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, bitwise_xor)
-    {
-        using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
-        using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        int_tensor a(shape, 14);
-        int_tensor b(shape, 15);
-        EXPECT_EQ((a ^ b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) ^ b(0, 0));
-
-        int sb = 48;
-        EXPECT_EQ((a ^ sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) ^ sb);
-
-        int sa = 24;
-        EXPECT_EQ((sa ^ b)(0, 0), sa ^ b(0, 0));
-    }
+            int sb = 3;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a % sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) % sb);
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, bitwise_not)
-    {
-        using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
-        using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        int_tensor a(shape, 15);
-        EXPECT_EQ((~a)(0, 0), ~(a(0, 0)));
-    }
+            int sa = 11;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa % b)(0, 0), sa % b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, less)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-        bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 0, 0};
-        bool_container b = a < 4;
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-        bool_container b2 = less(a, 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
-    }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, less_equal)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-        bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 1, 0};
-        bool_container b = a <= 4;
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-        bool_container b2 = less_equal(a, 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("bitwise_and", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
+            using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            int_tensor a(shape, 14);
+            int_tensor b(shape, 15);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a & b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) & b(0, 0));
+
+            int sb = 48;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a & sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) & sb);
+
+            int sa = 24;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa & b)(0, 0), sa & b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, greater)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-        bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1};
-        bool_container b = a > 4;
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-        bool_container b2 = greater(a, 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("bitwise_or", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
+            using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            int_tensor a(shape, 14);
+            int_tensor b(shape, 15);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a | b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) | b(0, 0));
+
+            int sb = 48;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a | sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) | sb);
+
+            int sa = 24;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa | b)(0, 0), sa | b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, greater_equal)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-        bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 1, 1};
-        bool_container b = a >= 4;
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-        bool_container b2 = greater_equal(a, 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("bitwise_xor", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
+            using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            int_tensor a(shape, 14);
+            int_tensor b(shape, 15);
+            EXPECT_EQ((a ^ b)(0, 0), a(0, 0) ^ b(0, 0));
+
+            int sb = 48;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a ^ sb)(0, 0), a(0, 0) ^ sb);
+
+            int sa = 24;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa ^ b)(0, 0), sa ^ b(0, 0));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, negate)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-        bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 0, 0};
-        bool_container b = !(a >= 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("bitwise_not", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_tensor = int_rebind_t<TypeParam>;
+            using shape_type = typename int_tensor::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            int_tensor a(shape, 15);
+            EXPECT_EQ((~a)(0, 0), ~(a(0, 0)));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, equal)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-        bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0};
-        bool_container b = equal(a, 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-
-        container_1d other = {1, 2, 3, 0, 0};
-        bool_container b_2 = equal(a, other);
-        bool_container expected_2 = {1, 1, 1, 0, 0};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected_2, b_2);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("less", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 0, 0};
+            bool_container b = a < 4;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+            bool_container b2 = less(a, 4);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, not_equal)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
-        bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 0, 1};
-        bool_container b = not_equal(a, 4);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-
-        container_1d other = {1, 2, 3, 0, 0};
-        bool_container b_2 = not_equal(a, other);
-        bool_container expected_2 = {0, 0, 0, 1, 1};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected_2, b_2);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("less_equal", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 1, 0};
+            bool_container b = a <= 4;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+            bool_container b2 = less_equal(a, 4);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, logical_and)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        bool_container a = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0};
-        bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-        bool_container b = a && false;
-        bool_container c = a && a;
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
-        EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("greater", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1};
+            bool_container b = a > 4;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+            bool_container b2 = greater(a, 4);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, logical_or)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
-        bool_container a = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0};
-        bool_container other = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-        bool_container b = a || other;
-        bool_container c = a || false;
-        bool_container d = a || true;
-        EXPECT_EQ(b, a);
-        EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
-
-        bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, d);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("greater_equal", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 1, 1};
+            bool_container b = a >= 4;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+            bool_container b2 = greater_equal(a, 4);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b2);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, any)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        int_container a = {0, 0, 3};
-        EXPECT_EQ(true, any(a));
-        int_container_2d b = {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(false, any(b));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("negate", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 0, 0};
+            bool_container b = !(a >= 4);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, minimum)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        int_container a = {0, 0, 3};
-        int_container b = {-1, 0, 10};
-        int_container expected = {-1, 0, 3};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(minimum(a, b), expected)));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("equal", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0};
+            bool_container b = equal(a, 4);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+
+            container_1d other = {1, 2, 3, 0, 0};
+            bool_container b_2 = equal(a, other);
+            bool_container expected_2 = {1, 1, 1, 0, 0};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_2, b_2);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, maximum)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        int_container a = {0, 0, 3};
-        int_container b = {-1, 0, 10};
-        int_container expected = {0, 0, 10};
-        int_container expected_2 = {0, 1, 10};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(maximum(a, b), expected)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(maximum(arange(0, 3), b), expected_2)));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("not_equal", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            container_1d a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 0, 1};
+            bool_container b = not_equal(a, 4);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+
+            container_1d other = {1, 2, 3, 0, 0};
+            bool_container b_2 = not_equal(a, other);
+            bool_container expected_2 = {0, 0, 0, 1, 1};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_2, b_2);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, amax)
-    {
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        int_container_2d a = {{0, 0, 3}, {1, 2, 10}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(10, amax(a)());
-        int_container_1d e1 = {1, 2, 10};
-        EXPECT_EQ(e1, amax(a, {0}));
-        int_container_1d e2 = {3, 10};
-        EXPECT_EQ(e2, amax(a, {1}));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("logical_and", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            bool_container a = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0};
+            bool_container expected = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+            bool_container b = a && false;
+            bool_container c = a && a;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, b);
+            EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, amin)
-    {
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        int_container_2d a = {{0, 0, 3}, {1, 2, 10}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(0, amin(a)());
-        int_container_1d e1 = {0, 0, 3};
-        EXPECT_EQ(e1, amin(a, {0}));
-        int_container_1d e2 = {0, 1};
-        EXPECT_EQ(e2, amin(a, {1}));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("logical_or", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, bool>;
+            bool_container a = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0};
+            bool_container other = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+            bool_container b = a || other;
+            bool_container c = a || false;
+            bool_container d = a || true;
+            EXPECT_EQ(b, a);
+            EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+
+            bool_container expected = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, d);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, all)
-    {
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        int_container_1d a = {1, 1, 3};
-        EXPECT_EQ(true, all(a));
-        int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(false, all(b));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("any", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            int_container a = {0, 0, 3};
+            EXPECT_EQ(true, any(a));
+            int_container_2d b = {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(false, any(b));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, all_layout)
-    {
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
-        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1), b(0, 1));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(a, b)));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("minimum", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            int_container a = {0, 0, 3};
+            int_container b = {-1, 0, 10};
+            int_container expected = {-1, 0, 3};
+            EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(minimum(a, b), expected)));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, nonzero)
-    {
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        using container_3d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 3>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_3d, bool>;
-        using shape_type = typename container_3d::shape_type;
-
-        int_container_1d a = {1, 0, 3};
-        std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected = {{0, 2}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, nonzero(a));
-
-        int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
-        std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected_b = {{0, 0, 1, 1}, {1, 2, 0, 1}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected_b, nonzero(b));
-
-        auto c = equal(b, 0);
-        std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected_c = {{0, 1}, {0, 2}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected_c, nonzero(c));
-
-        shape_type s = {3, 3, 3};
-        bool_container d(s);
-        std::fill(d.begin(), d.end(), true);
-
-        auto d_nz = nonzero(d);
-        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), d_nz.size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(27 * 27 * 27), d_nz[0].size() * d_nz[1].size() * d_nz[2].size());
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("maximum", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            int_container a = {0, 0, 3};
+            int_container b = {-1, 0, 10};
+            int_container expected = {0, 0, 10};
+            int_container expected_2 = {0, 1, 10};
+            EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(maximum(a, b), expected)));
+            EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(maximum(arange(0, 3), b), expected_2)));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, where_only_condition)
-    {
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        int_container_2d a = {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}};
-        std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected = {{0, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 2}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, where(a));
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("amax", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            int_container_2d a = {{0, 0, 3}, {1, 2, 10}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(10, amax(a)());
+            int_container_1d e1 = {1, 2, 10};
+            EXPECT_EQ(e1, amax(a, {0}));
+            int_container_1d e2 = {3, 10};
+            EXPECT_EQ(e2, amax(a, {1}));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, where)
-    {
-        TypeParam a = { { 1, 2, 3 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 4, 1 } };
-        double b = 1.0;
-        TypeParam res = where(a > b, b, a);
-        TypeParam expected = { { 1, 1, 1 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 1, 1 } };
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
-
-#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-        // This will fail to compile if simd is broken for conditional_ternary
-        auto func = where(a > b, b, a);
-        auto s = func.template load_simd<xsimd::aligned_mode>(0);
-        (void)s;
-
-        using assign_traits = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(func)>;
-
-        EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
-#endif
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("amin", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            int_container_2d a = {{0, 0, 3}, {1, 2, 10}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, amin(a)());
+            int_container_1d e1 = {0, 0, 3};
+            EXPECT_EQ(e1, amin(a, {0}));
+            int_container_1d e2 = {0, 1};
+            EXPECT_EQ(e2, amin(a, {1}));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, where_optional)
-    {
-        using opt_type = xoptional_assembly<TypeParam, xtensor<bool, 2>>;
-        auto missing = xtl::missing<double>();
-        opt_type a = { { 1, missing, 3 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ missing, 4, 1 } };
-        double b = 1.0;
-
-        opt_type res = where(a > b, b, a);
-        opt_type expected = { { 1, missing, 1 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ missing, 1, 1 } };
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
-
-        opt_type res1 = where(true, a + 3, a);
-        opt_type expected1 = { { 4, missing, 6 },{ 3, 4, 3 },{ missing, 7, 4 } };
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("all", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            int_container_1d a = {1, 1, 3};
+            EXPECT_EQ(true, all(a));
+            int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(false, all(b));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, where_cast)
-    {
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        int_container_2d a = {{0, 1, 0}, {3, 0, 5}};
-        double res1 = 1.2;
-        TypeParam b = where(equal(a, 0.0), res1, 0.0);
-        TypeParam expected = { {1.2, 0., 1.2}, {0., 1.2, 0.} };
-        EXPECT_EQ(b, expected);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("all_layout", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+            xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1), b(0, 1));
+            EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(a, b)));
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, argwhere)
-    {
-        using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
-        using container_3d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 3>;
-        using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_3d, bool>;
-        using shape_type = typename container_3d::shape_type;
-
-        int_container_1d a = {1, 0, 3};
-        std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_1d::shape_type>> expected = {{0}, {2}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, argwhere(a));
-
-        int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
-        std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_b = {{0, 1}, {0, 2}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected_b, argwhere(b));
-
-        auto c = equal(b, 0);
-        std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_c = {{0, 0}, {1, 2}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected_c, argwhere(c));
-
-        shape_type s = {3, 3, 3};
-        bool_container d(s);
-        std::fill(d.begin(), d.end(), true);
-
-        auto d_nz = argwhere(d);
-        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3 * 3 * 3), d_nz.size());
-        xindex_type_t<typename container_3d::shape_type> last_idx = {2, 2, 2};
-        EXPECT_EQ(last_idx, d_nz.back());
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("nonzero", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            using container_3d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 3>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_3d, bool>;
+            using shape_type = typename container_3d::shape_type;
+
+            int_container_1d a = {1, 0, 3};
+            std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected = {{0, 2}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, nonzero(a));
+
+            int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
+            std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected_b = {{0, 0, 1, 1}, {1, 2, 0, 1}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_b, nonzero(b));
+
+            auto c = equal(b, 0);
+            std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected_c = {{0, 1}, {0, 2}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_c, nonzero(c));
+
+            shape_type s = {3, 3, 3};
+            bool_container d(s);
+            std::fill(d.begin(), d.end(), true);
+
+            auto d_nz = nonzero(d);
+            EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), d_nz.size());
+            EXPECT_EQ(size_t(27 * 27 * 27), d_nz[0].size() * d_nz[1].size() * d_nz[2].size());
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, cast)
-    {
-        using int_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        using shape_type = typename int_container_t::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        int_container_t a(shape, 5);
-        auto ref = static_cast<double>(a(0, 0)) / 2;
-        auto actual = (cast<double>(a) / 2)(0, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("where_only_condition", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            int_container_2d a = {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}};
+            std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> expected = {{0, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 2}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, where(a));
+        }
 
-    struct vtype
-    {
-        double a = 0;
-        size_t b = 0;
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("where", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            TypeParam a = { { 1, 2, 3 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 4, 1 } };
+            double b = 1.0;
+            TypeParam res = where(a > b, b, a);
+            TypeParam expected = { { 1, 1, 1 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 1, 1 } };
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
+
+    #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+            // This will fail to compile if simd is broken for conditional_ternary
+            auto func = where(a > b, b, a);
+            auto s = func.template load_simd<xsimd::aligned_mode>(0);
+            (void)s;
+
+            using assign_traits = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(func)>;
+
+            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+    #endif
+        }
 
-        explicit operator double() const { return a; }
-    };
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("where_optional", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using opt_type = xoptional_assembly<TypeParam, xtensor<bool, 2>>;
+            auto missing = xtl::missing<double>();
+            opt_type a = { { 1, missing, 3 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ missing, 4, 1 } };
+            double b = 1.0;
+
+            opt_type res = where(a > b, b, a);
+            opt_type expected = { { 1, missing, 1 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ missing, 1, 1 } };
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
+
+            opt_type res1 = where(true, a + 3, a);
+            opt_type expected1 = { { 4, missing, 6 },{ 3, 4, 3 },{ missing, 7, 4 } };
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, cast_custom_type)
-    {
-        using vtype_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, vtype>;
-        using shape_type = typename vtype_container_t::shape_type;
-        shape_type shape = { 3, 2 };
-        vtype_container_t a(shape);
-        auto ref = static_cast<double>(a(0, 0));
-        auto actual = (cast<double>(a))(0, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("where_cast", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            int_container_2d a = {{0, 1, 0}, {3, 0, 5}};
+            double res1 = 1.2;
+            TypeParam b = where(equal(a, 0.0), res1, 0.0);
+            TypeParam expected = { {1.2, 0., 1.2}, {0., 1.2, 0.} };
+            EXPECT_EQ(b, expected);
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, mixed_arithmetic)
-    {
-        using int_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-        TypeParam a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
-        int_container_t b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
-        int_container_t c = b;
-        TypeParam res = a + (b + c);
-        TypeParam expected = {{0., 3., 6.}, {9., 12., 15.}};
-        EXPECT_EQ(res, expected);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("argwhere", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_2d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using int_container_1d = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_1d, int>;
+            using container_3d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 3>;
+            using bool_container = xop_test::rebind_container_t<container_3d, bool>;
+            using shape_type = typename container_3d::shape_type;
+
+            int_container_1d a = {1, 0, 3};
+            std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_1d::shape_type>> expected = {{0}, {2}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected, argwhere(a));
+
+            int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
+            std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_b = {{0, 1}, {0, 2}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_b, argwhere(b));
+
+            auto c = equal(b, 0);
+            std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_c = {{0, 0}, {1, 2}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_c, argwhere(c));
+
+            shape_type s = {3, 3, 3};
+            bool_container d(s);
+            std::fill(d.begin(), d.end(), true);
+
+            auto d_nz = argwhere(d);
+            EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3 * 3 * 3), d_nz.size());
+            xindex_type_t<typename container_3d::shape_type> last_idx = {2, 2, 2};
+            EXPECT_EQ(last_idx, d_nz.back());
+        }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(operation, assign_traits)
-    {
-        TypeParam a = { { 0., 1., 2. },{ 3., 4., 5. } };
-        TypeParam b = { { 0., 1., 2. },{ 3., 4., 5. } };
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("xarray<double> + xarray<double>");
-            auto fd = a + b;
-            using assign_traits_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fd)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_double::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            // SFINAE on load_simd is broken on mingw when xsimd is disabled. This using
-            // triggers the same error as the one caught by mingw.
-            using return_type = decltype(fd.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_double::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-#endif
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("double * xarray<double>");
-            xscalar<double> sd = 2.;
-            auto fsd = sd * a;
-            using assign_traits_scalar_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fsd)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            auto batch = fsd.template load_simd<double>(0);
-            (void)batch;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_scalar_double::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            using return_type = decltype(fsd.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_scalar_double::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-#endif
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("xarray<double> + xarray<int>");
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("cast", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
             using int_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-            int_container_t c = { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
-            auto fm = a + c;
-            using assign_traits_mixed = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fm)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            using return_type = decltype(fm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-#endif
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("int * xarray<double>");
-            xscalar<int> si = 2;
-            auto fsm = si * a;
-            using assign_traits_scalar_mixed = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fsm)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_scalar_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            using return_type = decltype(fsm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_scalar_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-#endif
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("xarray<double> + xarray<char>");
-            using char_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, char>;
-            char_container_t d = { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
-            auto fdc = a + d;
-            using assign_traits_char_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fdc)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_char_double::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            using return_type = decltype(fdc.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_char_double::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-#endif
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("xarray<double> + xarray<my_double>");
-            using md_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, my_double>;
-            md_container_t d =  { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
-            auto fdm = a + d;
-            using assign_traits_md_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fdm)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_md_double::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            using return_type = decltype(fdm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_md_double::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-#endif
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("xarray<double> > xarray<double>");
-            auto fgt = a > b;
-            using bool_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, bool>;
-            using assign_traits_gt = xassign_traits<bool_container_t, decltype(fgt)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_gt::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            using return_type = decltype(fgt.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_gt::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, bool>::value));
-#endif
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("xarray<bool> || xarray<bool>");
-            using bool_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, bool>;
-            bool_container_t b0 = {{true, false, true}, {false, false, true}};
-            bool_container_t b1 = {{true, true, false}, {false, true, true}};
-            auto fb = b0 || b1;
-            using assign_traits_bool_bool = xassign_traits<bool_container_t, decltype(fb)>;
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_bool_bool::simd_linear_assign());
-#else
-            using return_type = decltype(fb.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_bool_bool::simd_linear_assign());
-            EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, bool>::value));
-#endif
+            using shape_type = typename int_container_t::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
+            int_container_t a(shape, 5);
+            auto ref = static_cast<double>(a(0, 0)) / 2;
+            auto actual = (cast<double>(a) / 2)(0, 0);
+            EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
         }
-    }
 
-    TEST(operation, mixed_assign)
-    {
-        xt::xarray<double> asrc = { 1., 2. };
-        xt::xarray<std::size_t> bsrc = { std::size_t(3), std::size_t(4) };
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("cast_custom_type", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using vtype_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, vtype>;
+            using shape_type = typename vtype_container_t::shape_type;
+            shape_type shape = { 3, 2 };
+            vtype_container_t a(shape);
+            auto ref = static_cast<double>(a(0, 0));
+            auto actual = (cast<double>(a))(0, 0);
+            EXPECT_EQ(ref, actual);
+        }
 
-        xt::xarray<double> a(asrc);
-        xt::xarray<double> aexp = { 3., 4. };
-        a = bsrc;
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("mixed_arithmetic", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            using int_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+            TypeParam a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
+            int_container_t b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+            int_container_t c = b;
+            TypeParam res = a + (b + c);
+            TypeParam expected = {{0., 3., 6.}, {9., 12., 15.}};
+            EXPECT_EQ(res, expected);
+        }
 
-        xt::xarray<std::size_t> b(bsrc);
-        xt::xarray<std::size_t> bexp = { std::size_t(1), std::size_t(2) };
-        b = asrc;
-        EXPECT_EQ(b, bexp);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_traits", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            TypeParam a = { { 0., 1., 2. },{ 3., 4., 5. } };
+            TypeParam b = { { 0., 1., 2. },{ 3., 4., 5. } };
+
+            SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<double>")
+            {
+                auto fd = a + b;
+                using assign_traits_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fd)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_double::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                // SFINAE on load_simd is broken on mingw when xsimd is disabled. This using
+                // triggers the same error as the one caught by mingw.
+                using return_type = decltype(fd.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_double::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("double * xarray<double>")
+            {
+                xscalar<double> sd = 2.;
+                auto fsd = sd * a;
+                using assign_traits_scalar_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fsd)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                auto batch = fsd.template load_simd<double>(0);
+                (void)batch;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_scalar_double::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                using return_type = decltype(fsd.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_scalar_double::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<int>")
+            {
+                using int_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
+                int_container_t c = { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
+                auto fm = a + c;
+                using assign_traits_mixed = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fm)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                using return_type = decltype(fm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("int * xarray<double>")
+            {
+                xscalar<int> si = 2;
+                auto fsm = si * a;
+                using assign_traits_scalar_mixed = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fsm)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_scalar_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                using return_type = decltype(fsm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_scalar_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<char>")
+            {
+                using char_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, char>;
+                char_container_t d = { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
+                auto fdc = a + d;
+                using assign_traits_char_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fdc)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_char_double::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                using return_type = decltype(fdc.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_char_double::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<my_double>")
+            {
+                using md_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, my_double>;
+                md_container_t d =  { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
+                auto fdm = a + d;
+                using assign_traits_md_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fdm)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_md_double::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                using return_type = decltype(fdm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_md_double::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("xarray<double> > xarray<double>")
+            {
+                auto fgt = a > b;
+                using bool_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, bool>;
+                using assign_traits_gt = xassign_traits<bool_container_t, decltype(fgt)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_gt::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                using return_type = decltype(fgt.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_gt::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, bool>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("xarray<bool> || xarray<bool>")
+            {
+                using bool_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, bool>;
+                bool_container_t b0 = {{true, false, true}, {false, false, true}};
+                bool_container_t b1 = {{true, true, false}, {false, true, true}};
+                auto fb = b0 || b1;
+                using assign_traits_bool_bool = xassign_traits<bool_container_t, decltype(fb)>;
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_bool_bool::simd_linear_assign());
+    #else
+                using return_type = decltype(fb.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_bool_bool::simd_linear_assign());
+                EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, bool>::value));
+    #endif
+            }
+        }
 
-    TEST(operation, mixed_bool_assign)
-    {
-        xt::xarray<double> a = { 1., 6. };
-        xt::xarray<double> b = { 2., 3. };
-        using uchar = unsigned char;
-        xt::xarray<uchar> res = a > b;
-        xt::xarray<uchar> exp = { uchar(0), uchar(1) };
-        EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
-    }
 
-    TEST(operation, dynamic_simd_assign)
-    {
-        using array_type = xt::xarray<double, layout_type::dynamic>;
-        array_type a({2, 3}, layout_type::row_major);
-        array_type b({2, 3}, layout_type::column_major);
 
-        auto frr = a + a;
-        auto frc = a + b;
-        auto fcc = b + b;
 
-        using frr_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(frr)>;
-        using frc_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(frc)>;
-        using fcc_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(fcc)>;
+        TEST(operation, mixed_assign)
+        {
+            xt::xarray<double> asrc = { 1., 2. };
+            xt::xarray<std::size_t> bsrc = { std::size_t(3), std::size_t(4) };
 
-        EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign());
-        EXPECT_FALSE(frc_traits::simd_linear_assign());
-        EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+            xt::xarray<double> a(asrc);
+            xt::xarray<double> aexp = { 3., 4. };
+            a = bsrc;
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + row_major");
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frr));
-#else
-            EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frr));
-#endif
-            EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, frr));
+            xt::xarray<std::size_t> b(bsrc);
+            xt::xarray<std::size_t> bexp = { std::size_t(1), std::size_t(2) };
+            b = asrc;
+            EXPECT_EQ(b, bexp);
         }
 
+        TEST(operation, mixed_bool_assign)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + column_major");
-            EXPECT_FALSE(frc_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frc));
-            EXPECT_FALSE(frc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, frc));
+            xt::xarray<double> a = { 1., 6. };
+            xt::xarray<double> b = { 2., 3. };
+            using uchar = unsigned char;
+            xt::xarray<uchar> res = a > b;
+            xt::xarray<uchar> exp = { uchar(0), uchar(1) };
+            EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
         }
 
+        TEST(operation, dynamic_simd_assign)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + column_major");
-            EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, fcc));
-#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            EXPECT_TRUE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, fcc));
-#else
-            EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, fcc));
-#endif
+            using array_type = xt::xarray<double, layout_type::dynamic>;
+            array_type a({2, 3}, layout_type::row_major);
+            array_type b({2, 3}, layout_type::column_major);
+
+            auto frr = a + a;
+            auto frc = a + b;
+            auto fcc = b + b;
+
+            using frr_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(frr)>;
+            using frc_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(frc)>;
+            using fcc_traits = xassign_traits<array_type, decltype(fcc)>;
+
+            EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+            EXPECT_FALSE(frc_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+            EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign());
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + row_major")
+            {
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frr));
+    #else
+                EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frr));
+    #endif
+                EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, frr));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
+            {
+                EXPECT_FALSE(frc_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frc));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(frc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, frc));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
+            {
+                EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, fcc));
+    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+                EXPECT_TRUE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, fcc));
+    #else
+                EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, fcc));
+    #endif
+            }
+
         }
-    }
 
-    TEST(operation, left_shift)
-    {
-        xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
-        xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
-        xarray<int> res1 = left_shift(arr, 4);
-        xarray<int> res2 = left_shift(arr, arr2);
-        EXPECT_EQ(left_shift(arr, 4)(1), 16);
-        xarray<int> expected1 = {80, 16, 16000};
-        xarray<int> expected2 = {20, 2, 8000};
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res2);
-
-        xarray<int> res3 = arr << 4;
-        xarray<int> res4 = arr << arr2;
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
-    }
+        TEST_CASE("left_shift")
+        {
+            xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
+            xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
+            xarray<int> res1 = left_shift(arr, 4);
+            xarray<int> res2 = left_shift(arr, arr2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(left_shift(arr, 4)(1), 16);
+            xarray<int> expected1 = {80, 16, 16000};
+            xarray<int> expected2 = {20, 2, 8000};
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res2);
+
+            xarray<int> res3 = arr << 4;
+            xarray<int> res4 = arr << arr2;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
+        }
 
-    TEST(operation, right_shift)
-    {
-        xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
-        xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
-        xarray<int> res1 = right_shift(arr, 4);
-        xarray<int> res2 = right_shift(arr, arr2);
-        EXPECT_EQ(right_shift(arr, 4)(1), 0);
-        xarray<int> expected1 = {0, 0, 62};
-        xarray<int> expected2 = {1, 0, 125};
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res2);
-
-        xarray<int> res3 = arr >> 4;
-        xarray<int> res4 = arr >> arr2;
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
+        TEST_CASE("right_shift")
+        {
+            xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
+            xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
+            xarray<int> res1 = right_shift(arr, 4);
+            xarray<int> res2 = right_shift(arr, arr2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(right_shift(arr, 4)(1), 0);
+            xarray<int> expected1 = {0, 0, 62};
+            xarray<int> expected2 = {1, 0, 125};
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res2);
+
+            xarray<int> res3 = arr >> 4;
+            xarray<int> res4 = arr >> arr2;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
+        }
     }
+    #undef XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES
 
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional.cpp b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
index 28b388854..bba00ffef 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <sstream>
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
index 25c1026b5..dc626f0be 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
@@ -25,22 +25,22 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional_assembly, shaped_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major constructor");
             row_major_result<> rm;
             dyn_opt_ass_type ra(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(ra, rm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major constructor");
             column_major_result<> cm;
             cm_opt_ass_type ca(cm.m_shape);
             compare_shape(ca, cm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("from shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("from shape");
             std::array<std::size_t, 3> shp = {5, 4, 2};
             std::vector<std::size_t> shp_as_vec = {5, 4, 2};
             auto ca = cm_opt_ass_type::from_shape({3, 2, 1});
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional_assembly, valued_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major valued constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major valued constructor");
             row_major_result<> rm;
             int value = 2;
             dyn_opt_ass_type ra(rm.m_shape, value, layout_type::row_major);
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(ra.value().storage(), vec);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major valued constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major valued constructor");
             column_major_result<> cm;
             int value = 2;
             cm_opt_ass_type ca(cm.m_shape, value);
@@ -141,15 +141,15 @@ namespace xt
         int value = 2;
         dyn_opt_ass_type a(res.m_shape, res.m_strides, value);
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             dyn_opt_ass_type b(a);
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("assignment operator");
             row_major_result<> r;
             dyn_opt_ass_type c(r.m_shape, dyn_opt_ass_type::value_type(0, false));
             EXPECT_NE(a.storage(), c.storage());
@@ -165,16 +165,16 @@ namespace xt
         int value = 2;
         dyn_opt_ass_type a(res.m_shape, res.m_strides, value);
 
+        SUBCASE("move constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move constructor");
             dyn_opt_ass_type tmp(a);
             dyn_opt_ass_type b(std::move(tmp));
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("move assignment")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move assignment");
             row_major_result<> r;
             dyn_opt_ass_type c(r.m_shape, dyn_opt_ass_type::value_type(0, false));
             EXPECT_NE(a.value().storage(), c.value().storage());
@@ -280,16 +280,16 @@ namespace xt
         shape_type s = {3, 1, 4, 2};
         opt_ass_type vec(s);
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             shape_type s1 = s;
             bool res = vec.broadcast_shape(s1);
             EXPECT_EQ(s1, s);
             EXPECT_TRUE(res);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             shape_type s2 = {3, 5, 1, 2};
             shape_type s2r = {3, 5, 4, 2};
             bool res = vec.broadcast_shape(s2);
@@ -297,16 +297,16 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_FALSE(res);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("incompatible shapes")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("incompatible shapes");
             shape_type s4 = {2, 1, 3, 2};
             XT_EXPECT_THROW(vec.broadcast_shape(s4), broadcast_error);
         }
 
         {
             shape_type s2 = {3, 1, 4, 2};
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
             vec.resize(s2);
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             shape_type s3 = {5, 3, 1, 4, 2};
             shape_type s3r = s3;
             bool res = vec.broadcast_shape(s3);
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ namespace xt
         using opt = xtl::xoptional<int>;
         std::vector<opt> vec = {opt(1), opt(2, false), opt(3, false), opt(4)};
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major storage iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major storage iterator");
             opt_ass_type rma(opt_ass_type::shape_type({2, 2}));
             std::copy(vec.cbegin(), vec.cend(), rma.begin<layout_type::row_major>());
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[0], rma(0, 0));
@@ -331,8 +331,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), std::size_t(std::distance(rma.begin<layout_type::row_major>(), rma.end<layout_type::row_major>())));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major storage iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major storage iterator");
             cm_opt_ass_type cma(opt_ass_type::shape_type({2, 2}));
             std::copy(vec.cbegin(), vec.cend(), cma.begin<layout_type::column_major>());
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[0], cma(0, 0));
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
index c850dc815..aaf8f4f3b 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
@@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ namespace xt
         flag_array_type hv = {{true, false, true}, {false, true, false}};
         adaptor_type a(v, hv);
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             adaptor_type b(a);
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.value().storage(), b.value().storage());
             EXPECT_EQ(a.has_value().storage(), b.has_value().storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("assignment operator");
             array_type v2 = {{1, 2, 13}, {14, 15, 16}};
             flag_array_type hv2 = {{false, true, true}, {false, true, false}};
             adaptor_type c(v2, hv2);
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ namespace xt
         flag_array_type hv = {{true, false, true}, {false, true, false}};
         adaptor_type a(v, hv);
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             adaptor_type tmp(a);
             adaptor_type b(std::move(tmp));
             compare_shape(a, b);
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(a.has_value().storage(), b.has_value().storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("assignment operator");
             array_type v2 = {{1, 2, 13}, {14, 15, 16}};
             flag_array_type hv2 = {{false, true, true}, {false, true, false}};
             adaptor_type c(v2, hv2);
@@ -181,16 +181,16 @@ namespace xt
         flag_array_type hv(s);
         adaptor_type a(v, hv);
 
+        SUBCASE("same shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("same shape");
             shape_type s1 = s;
             bool res = a.broadcast_shape(s1);
             EXPECT_EQ(s1, s);
             EXPECT_TRUE(res);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("different shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different shape");
             shape_type s2 = {3, 5, 1, 2};
             shape_type s2r = {3, 5, 4, 2};
             bool res = a.broadcast_shape(s2);
@@ -198,16 +198,16 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_FALSE(res);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("incompatible shapes")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("incompatible shapes");
             shape_type s4 = {2, 1, 3, 2};
             XT_EXPECT_THROW(a.broadcast_shape(s4), broadcast_error);
         }
 
         {
             shape_type s2 = {3, 1, 4, 2};
+        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
             a.resize(s2);
-            SCOPED_TRACE("different dimensions");
             shape_type s3 = {5, 3, 1, 4, 2};
             shape_type s3r = s3;
             bool res = a.broadcast_shape(s3);
@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ namespace xt
         using opt = xtl::xoptional<int>;
         std::vector<opt> vec = {opt(1), opt(2, false), opt(3, false), opt(4)};
 
+        SUBCASE("row_major storage iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major storage iterator");
             xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> v;
             xarray<bool, layout_type::row_major> hv;
             xoptional_assembly_adaptor<decltype(v)&, decltype(hv)&> rma(v, hv);
@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), std::size_t(std::distance(rma.begin<layout_type::row_major>(), rma.end<layout_type::row_major>())));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major storage iterator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major storage iterator");
             xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> v;
             xarray<bool, layout_type::row_major> hv;
             xoptional_assembly_adaptor<decltype(v)&, decltype(hv)&> cma(v, hv);
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
index fcb2e9cc3..22b2067a8 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xpad.cpp b/test/test_xpad.cpp
index 09bd899a3..e6c470588 100644
--- a/test/test_xpad.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xpad.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xpad.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index 0b7eb1810..e513d23cb 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 13081faeb..b1708f65a 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
diff --git a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
index a1537ad96..439eca52f 100644
--- a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrepeat.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xscalar.cpp b/test/test_xscalar.cpp
index 8cd951abb..4f4704e0c 100644
--- a/test/test_xscalar.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xscalar.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xscalar.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
index 7bf0835e8..2cf2d5099 100644
--- a/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
 
@@ -28,270 +28,274 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    using testing_types = ::testing::Types<xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic>;
-    TYPED_TEST_SUITE(scalar_semantic, testing_types);
+    #define SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, a_plus_equal_b)
+    TEST_SUITE("scalar_semantic")
     {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ra;
-            a += tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major += scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ca;
-            a += tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major += scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.cta;
-            a += tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major += scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ua;
-            a += tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, a_minus_equal_b)
-    {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ra;
-            a -= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major -= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ca;
-            a -= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major -= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.cta;
-            a -= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major -= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ua;
-            a -= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, a_times_equal_b)
-    {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ra;
-            a *= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major *= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ca;
-            a *= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major *= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.cta;
-            a *= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major *= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ua;
-            a *= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_equal_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major += scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ra;
+                a += tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major += scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ca;
+                a += tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major += scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.cta;
+                a += tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major += scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ua;
+                a += tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_equal_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ra;
+                a -= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major -= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ca;
+                a -= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major -= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.cta;
+                a -= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major -= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ua;
+                a -= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_equal_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ra;
+                a *= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major *= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ca;
+                a *= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major *= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.cta;
+                a *= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major *= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ua;
+                a *= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_equal_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ra;
+                a /= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major /= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ca;
+                a /= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major /= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.cta;
+                a /= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major /= scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a = tester.ua;
+                a /= tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_plus_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ra + tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major + scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ca + tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major + scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.cta + tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major + scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ua + tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_minus_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major - scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ra - tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major - scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ca - tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major - scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.cta - tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major - scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ua - tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_times_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major * scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ra * tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major * scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ca * tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major * scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.cta * tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major * scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ua * tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
+        }
+
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_divide_by_b", TypeParam, SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
+        {
+            scalar_operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major / scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ra / tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("column_major / scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ca / tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("central_major / scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.cta / tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("unit_major / scalar")
+            {
+                TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
+                noalias(a) = tester.ua / tester.b;
+                EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, a_divide_by_equal_b)
-    {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ra;
-            a /= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major /= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ca;
-            a /= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major /= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.cta;
-            a /= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major /= scalar");
-            TypeParam a = tester.ua;
-            a /= tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, assign_a_plus_b)
-    {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ra + tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major + scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ca + tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major + scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.cta + tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major + scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ua + tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, assign_a_minus_b)
-    {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ra - tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major - scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ca - tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major - scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.cta - tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major - scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ua - tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, assign_a_times_b)
-    {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ra * tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major * scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ca * tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major * scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.cta * tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major * scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ua * tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
-        }
-    }
-
-    TYPED_TEST(scalar_semantic, assign_a_divide_by_b)
-    {
-        scalar_operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ra.shape(), tester.ra.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ra / tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_r, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major / scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ca.shape(), tester.ca.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ca / tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_c, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("central_major / scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.cta.shape(), tester.cta.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.cta / tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_ct, a));
-        }
-
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major / scalar");
-            TypeParam a(tester.ua.shape(), tester.ua.strides(), 0);
-            noalias(a) = tester.ua / tester.b;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(full_equal(tester.res_u, a));
-        }
-    }
+    #undef SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
index fa18cf4e8..49383ab5b 100644
--- a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
diff --git a/test/test_xshape.cpp b/test/test_xshape.cpp
index 7cdc56eb9..d06797e8e 100644
--- a/test/test_xshape.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xshape.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd.cpp b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
index ee935ca54..01cbb1cc0 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
@@ -6,14 +6,35 @@
 *                                                                          *
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#define VS_SKIP_XFIXED 1
+#endif
+
+// xfixed leads to ICE in debug mode, this provides
+// an easy way to prevent compilation
+#ifndef VS_SKIP_XFIXED
+
+
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1910 && _WIN64) || (_MSC_VER >= 1910 && !defined(DISABLE_VS2017)) || !defined(_MSC_VER)
 
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
+// On VS2015, when compiling in x86 mode, alignas(T) leads to C2718
+// when used for a function parameter, even indirectly. This means that
+// we cannot pass parameters whose class is declared with alignas specifier
+// or any type wrapping or inheriting from such a type.
+// The xtensor_fixed class internally uses aligned_array which is declared as
+// alignas(something_different_from_0), hence the workaround.
+#if _MSC_VER < 1910 && !_WIN64
+#define VS_X86_WORKAROUND 1
+#endif
+
+
 template <typename T>
 class alignas(XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN) Foo
 {
@@ -50,3 +71,5 @@ namespace xt
     }
 }
 
+#endif
+#endif // VS_SKIP_XFIXED
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index a92efba67..8b367f575 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xstorage.cpp b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
index 54ac95e2a..16d331191 100644
--- a/test/test_xstorage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index 8f1a82f5d..e6956a6ab 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xstrides.cpp b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
index 9173cef48..80f995099 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrides.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrides, unravel_from_strides)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major strides")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major strides");
             row_major_result<> rm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
             index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major strides")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major strides");
             column_major_result<> cm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
             index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("unit_major strides")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major strides");
             unit_shape_result<> um;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
             index_type index = { 2, 0, 1 };
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrides, unravel_index)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major strides")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major strides");
             row_major_result<> rm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
             index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major strides")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major strides");
             column_major_result<> cm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
             index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("unit_major strides")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("unit_major strides");
             unit_shape_result<> um;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
             index_type index = { 2, 0, 1 };
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index 1d8aedbdb..1bb77a9aa 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "test_common.hpp"
@@ -44,22 +44,22 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor, shaped_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major constructor");
             row_major_result<storage_type> rm;
             xtensor_dynamic ra(rm.m_shape, layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(ra, rm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major constructor");
             column_major_result<storage_type> cm;
             xtensor_dynamic ca(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
             compare_shape(ca, cm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("from shape")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("from shape");
             std::array<std::size_t, 3> shp = {5, 4, 2};
             std::vector<std::size_t> shp_as_vec = {5, 4, 2};
             auto ca = xtensor<int, 3>::from_shape({3, 2, 1});
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor, valued_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major valued constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major valued constructor");
             row_major_result<storage_type> rm;
             int value = 2;
             xtensor_dynamic ra(rm.m_shape, value, layout_type::row_major);
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(ra.storage(), vec);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major valued constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major valued constructor");
             column_major_result<storage_type> cm;
             int value = 2;
             xtensor_dynamic ca(cm.m_shape, value, layout_type::column_major);
@@ -123,15 +123,15 @@ namespace xt
         int value = 2;
         xtensor_dynamic a(res.m_shape, res.m_strides, value);
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             xtensor_dynamic b(a);
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("assignment operator");
             row_major_result<storage_type> r;
             xtensor_dynamic c(r.m_shape, 0);
             EXPECT_NE(a.storage(), c.storage());
@@ -147,16 +147,16 @@ namespace xt
         int value = 2;
         xtensor_dynamic a(res.m_shape, res.m_strides, value);
 
+        SUBCASE("move constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move constructor");
             xtensor_dynamic tmp(a);
             xtensor_dynamic b(std::move(tmp));
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("move assignment")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move assignment");
             row_major_result<storage_type> r;
             xtensor_dynamic c(r.m_shape, 0);
             EXPECT_NE(a.storage(), c.storage());
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
index 1bd9cc18c..1c03b45c4 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, shaped_constructor)
     {
+        SUBCASE("row_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major constructor");
             row_major_result<storage_type> rm;
             vec_type v;
             adaptor_type a(v, rm.shape(), layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(a, rm);
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("column_major constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("column_major constructor");
             column_major_result<storage_type> cm;
             vec_type v;
             adaptor_type a(v, cm.shape(), layout_type::column_major);
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ namespace xt
         vec_type v(res.size(), value);
         adaptor_type a(v, res.shape(), res.strides());
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             adaptor_type b(a);
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("assignment operator");
             row_major_result<storage_type> r;
             vec_type v2(r.size(), 0);
             adaptor_type c(v2, r.shape());
@@ -77,16 +77,16 @@ namespace xt
         vec_type v(res.size(), value);
         adaptor_type a(v, res.shape(), res.strides());
 
+        SUBCASE("move constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move constructor");
             adaptor_type tmp(a);
             adaptor_type b(std::move(tmp));
             compare_shape(a, b);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.storage(), b.storage());
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("move assignment")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("move assignment");
             row_major_result<storage_type> r;
             vec_type v2(r.size(), 0);
             adaptor_type c(v2, r.shape());
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
index 8eaaa5f0f..36a0135b1 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "test_common.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index 71fd55fc8..8f41839fa 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <complex>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xvectorize.cpp b/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
index d49c888e1..e31281bb0 100644
--- a/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xvectorize.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index f0705c868..503dee38c 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 // Workaround to avoid warnings regarding initialization
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(1, 4));
             auto view2(view1);
             EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view2(0));
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("copy assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy assignment operator");
             auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(1, 4));
             auto view2 = view(a, 2, range(0, 3));
             view2 = view1;
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
+        SUBCASE("copy constructor")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy constructor");
             auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(1, 4));
             auto view2(std::move(view1));
             EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view2(0));
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
+        SUBCASE("copy assignment operator")
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("copy assignment operator");
             auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(1, 4));
             auto view2 = view(a, 2, range(0, 3));
             view2 = std::move(view1);
@@ -1727,12 +1727,4 @@ namespace xt
             std::invalid_argument
         );
     }
-
-    // This code should not compile!
-    //TEST(xview, col_on_3dim_xtensor)
-    //{
-    //    xt::xtensor<int, 3> tensor;
-    //    xt::row(tensor, 0);
-    //    xt::col(tensor, 0);
-    //}
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
index 383d7fa94..a7fc04766 100644
--- a/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
@@ -79,387 +79,391 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    using testing_types = ::testing::Types<xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic>;
-    TYPED_TEST_SUITE(view_semantic, testing_types);
+    #define VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES  xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_plus_b)
+    TEST_SUITE("view_semantic")
     {
-        view_op_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> t;
-        auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa + viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
-        }
+            view_op_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> t;
+            auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa + viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major + row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa + viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa + viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa + viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa + viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major + unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa + viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major + unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa + viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            view_op_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> t;
+            auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_minus_b)
-    {
-        view_op_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> t;
-        auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+            SUBCASE("row_major - row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa - viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa - viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major - column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa - viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa - viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major - central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa - viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa - viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major - unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa - viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major - unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa - viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            view_op_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> t;
+            auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_times_b)
-    {
-        view_op_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> t;
-        auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+            SUBCASE("row_major * row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa * viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa * viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major * column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa * viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa * viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major * central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa * viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa * viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major * unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa * viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divdide_by_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major * unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa * viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            view_op_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> t;
+            auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_divdide_by_b)
-    {
-        view_op_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> t;
-        auto viewa = view(t.a, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+            SUBCASE("row_major / row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa / viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa / viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major / column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa / viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa / viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major / central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa / viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa / viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major / unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb = viewa / viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_equal_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major / unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb = viewa / viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            view_op_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> t;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_plus_equal_b)
-    {
-        view_op_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> t;
+            SUBCASE("row_major += row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb += viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb += viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major += column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb += viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb += viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major += central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb += viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb += viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major += unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb += viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_equal_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major += unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb += viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            view_op_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> t;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_minus_equal_b)
-    {
-        view_op_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> t;
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb -= viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb -= viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb -= viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb -= viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb -= viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb -= viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major -= unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb -= viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_equal_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major -= unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb -= viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            view_op_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> t;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_times_equal_b)
-    {
-        view_op_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> t;
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb *= viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb *= viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb *= viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb *= viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
-        }
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb *= viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb *= viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major *= unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb *= viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_equal_b", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major *= unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb *= viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            view_op_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> t;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, a_divide_by_equal_b)
-    {
-        view_op_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> t;
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= row_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb /= viewra;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            }
 
-        {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= row_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewra = view(t.ra, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb /= viewra;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rr, b);
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= column_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb /= viewca;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= central_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb /= viewcta;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("row_major /= unit_major")
+            {
+                TypeParam b = t.a;
+                auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
+                viewb /= viewua;
+                EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
+            }
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("broadcast_equal", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= column_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewca = view(t.ca, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb /= viewca;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rc, b);
+            using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
+            using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
+            container_2d a = {{1,  2,  3,  4},
+                              {5,  6,  7,  8},
+                              {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+            container_2d b = a;
+            auto viewa = view(a, all(), range(1, 4));
+            auto viewb = view(b, all(), range(1, 4));
+            container_1d c = {1, 2, 3};
+            viewa = c;
+            noalias(viewb) = c;
+            container_2d res = {{1, 1, 2, 3},
+                                {5, 1, 2, 3},
+                                {9, 1, 2, 3}};
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(res, a);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res, b);
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("scalar_equal", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= central_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewcta = view(t.cta, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb /= viewcta;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_rct, b);
+            using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
+            container_2d a = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
+                              {5, 6, 7, 8},
+                              {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+            auto viewa = view(a, all(), range(1, 4));
+            int b = 1;
+            viewa = b;
+            container_2d res = {{1, 1, 1, 1},
+                                {5, 1, 1, 1},
+                                {9, 1, 1, 1}};
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(res, a);
         }
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("higher_dimension_broadcast", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            SCOPED_TRACE("row_major /= unit_major");
-            TypeParam b = t.a;
-            auto viewb = view(b, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            auto viewua = view(t.ua, t.x_slice, t.y_slice, t.z_slice);
-            viewb /= viewua;
-            EXPECT_EQ(t.vres_ru, b);
-        }
-    }
+            using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, broadcast_equal)
-    {
-        using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
-        using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
-        container_2d a = {{1,  2,  3,  4},
-                          {5,  6,  7,  8},
-                          {9, 10, 11, 12}};
-        container_2d b = a;
-        auto viewa = view(a, all(), range(1, 4));
-        auto viewb = view(b, all(), range(1, 4));
-        container_1d c = {1, 2, 3};
-        viewa = c;
-        noalias(viewb) = c;
-        container_2d res = {{1, 1, 2, 3},
-                            {5, 1, 2, 3},
-                            {9, 1, 2, 3}};
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(res, a);
-        EXPECT_EQ(res, b);
-    }
+            container_2d a = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };
+            container_2d b = { {11, 12, 13} };
+            container_2d res = { { 11, 12, 13 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, scalar_equal)
-    {
-        using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
-        container_2d a = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                          {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                          {9, 10, 11, 12}};
-        auto viewa = view(a, all(), range(1, 4));
-        int b = 1;
-        viewa = b;
-        container_2d res = {{1, 1, 1, 1},
-                            {5, 1, 1, 1},
-                            {9, 1, 1, 1}};
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(res, a);
+            auto viewa = view(a, 0, all());
+            XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(viewa = b);
+        }
     }
 
-    TYPED_TEST(view_semantic, higher_dimension_broadcast)
-    {
-        using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
-
-        container_2d a = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };
-        container_2d b = { {11, 12, 13} };
-        container_2d res = { { 11, 12, 13 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
-
-        auto viewa = view(a, 0, all());
-        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(viewa = b);
-    }
+    #undef VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES
 }

From 89e3b9fe8e98e50d6cf8e8567368941494c547e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 12 Aug 2021 10:30:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 271/606] Updating docs argmin and argmax

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 10 +++++++---
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 52b47f031..652c95a35 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -861,10 +861,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Find position of minimal value in xexpression
+     * Find position of minimal value in xexpression.
+     * By default, the returned index is into the flattened array.
+     * If `axis` is specified, the indices are along the specified axis.
      *
      * @param e input xexpression
-     * @param axis select axis (or none)
+     * @param axis select axis (optional)
      *
      * @return returns xarray with positions of minimal value
      */
@@ -887,9 +889,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Find position of maximal value in xexpression
+     * By default, the returned index is into the flattened array.
+     * If `axis` is specified, the indices are along the specified axis.
      *
      * @param e input xexpression
-     * @param axis select axis (or none)
+     * @param axis select axis (optional)
      *
      * @return returns xarray with positions of maximal value
      */

From 8fb97e6fbb791c13ca6c41709bbd83cca9c23f8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <derthorstenbeier@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Jul 2021 14:23:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 272/606] blockwise reducers intital implementation

cleanup

cleanup

cleanup

cleanup

cleanup

cleanup

cleanup

added explicit this

cleanup

const correctness

const correctness

more inline

fixed broken tests

...

added p norms

added p norms

fixed test

winfix

win fix

win fix
---
 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp        | 498 +++++++++++++++
 .../xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp   | 587 ++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp           |  10 +-
 include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp            | 139 +++++
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp                     |  80 +--
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp                    |  67 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt                           |   2 +
 test/test_common.hpp                          |  26 +
 test/test_common_macros.hpp                   |   9 +-
 test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp              | 314 ++++++++++
 test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp                  |  37 ++
 11 files changed, 1726 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp
 create mode 100644 test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
 create mode 100644 test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4a58b7e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+#ifndef XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_HPP
+
+#include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
+
+#include "xshape.hpp"
+#include "xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp"
+#include "xgrid_iterator.hpp"
+#include "xreducer.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+class xblockwise_reducer 
+{
+public:
+
+    using self_type = xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>;
+    using raw_options_type = std::decay_t<O>;
+    using keep_dims = xtl::mpl::contains<raw_options_type, xt::keep_dims_type>;
+    using xexpression_type = std::decay_t<CT>;
+    using shape_type = typename xreducer_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, std::decay_t<X>, keep_dims>::type;
+    using functor_type = F;
+    using value_type = typename functor_type::value_type;
+    using input_shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
+    using input_chunk_index_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<input_shape_type>;
+    using input_grid_strides = filter_fixed_shape_t<input_shape_type>;
+    using axes_type = X;
+    using chunk_shape_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<shape_type>;
+
+
+    template<class E, class BS, class XX, class OO, class FF>
+    xblockwise_reducer(E && e, BS && block_shape,  XX && axes, OO && options, FF && functor);
+
+    const input_shape_type & input_shape()const;
+    const axes_type & axes() const;
+
+    std::size_t dimension() const;
+
+    const shape_type & shape() const;
+
+    const chunk_shape_type & chunk_shape() const;
+
+    template<class R>
+    void assign_to(R & result) const;
+
+private:
+    using mapping_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<shape_type>;
+    using input_chunked_view_type = xchunked_view<const std::decay_t<CT> &>;
+    using input_const_chunked_iterator_type = typename input_chunked_view_type::const_chunk_iterator;
+
+    template<class CI>
+    void assign_to_chunk(CI & result_chunk_iter) const;
+
+    template<class CI>
+    std::array<xsubgrid_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2> compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const;
+
+    input_const_chunked_iterator_type get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index_type  input_chunk_index) const;
+    void init_shapes();
+
+    CT m_e;
+    xchunked_view<const std::decay_t<CT> &>  m_e_chunked_view;
+    axes_type m_axes;
+    raw_options_type m_options;
+    functor_type m_functor;
+    shape_type m_result_shape;
+    chunk_shape_type m_result_chunk_shape;
+    mapping_type m_mapping;
+    input_grid_strides m_input_grid_strides;
+};
+
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+template<class E, class BS, class XX, class OO, class FF>
+xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::xblockwise_reducer(E && e, BS && block_shape,  XX && axes, OO && options, FF && functor)
+:   m_e(std::forward<E>(e)),
+    m_e_chunked_view(m_e, std::forward<BS>(block_shape)),
+    m_axes(std::forward<XX>(axes)),
+    m_options(std::forward<OO>(options)),
+    m_functor(std::forward<FF>(functor)),
+    m_result_shape(),
+    m_result_chunk_shape(),
+    m_mapping(),
+    m_input_grid_strides()
+{
+    init_shapes();
+    resize_container(m_input_grid_strides, m_e.dimension());
+    std::size_t stride = 1;
+
+    for (std::size_t i = m_input_grid_strides.size(); i != 0; --i)
+    {
+        m_input_grid_strides[i-1] = stride;
+        stride *= m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape()[i - 1];
+    }
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::input_shape()const -> const input_shape_type & 
+{
+    return m_e.shape();
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::axes() const -> const axes_type &
+{
+    return m_axes;
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+inline std::size_t xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::dimension() const
+{
+    return m_result_shape.size();
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::shape() const -> const shape_type & 
+{
+    return m_result_shape;
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::chunk_shape() const -> const chunk_shape_type &
+{
+    return m_result_chunk_shape;
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+template<class R>
+inline void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::assign_to(R & result) const
+{
+    auto result_chunked_view = as_chunked(result, m_result_chunk_shape);
+    for(auto chunk_iter =  result_chunked_view.chunk_begin(); chunk_iter != result_chunked_view.chunk_end(); ++chunk_iter)
+    {
+        assign_to_chunk(chunk_iter);
+    }
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index_type  input_chunk_index) const ->input_const_chunked_iterator_type
+{
+    std::size_t chunk_linear_index = 0;
+    for(std::size_t i=0; i<m_e_chunked_view.dimension(); ++i)
+    {
+        chunk_linear_index += input_chunk_index[i] * m_input_grid_strides[i];
+    }
+    return input_const_chunked_iterator_type(m_e_chunked_view, std::move(input_chunk_index), chunk_linear_index);
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+template<class CI>
+void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::assign_to_chunk(CI & result_chunk_iter) const
+{
+    auto result_chunk_view = *result_chunk_iter;
+    auto reduction_variable = m_functor.reduction_variable(result_chunk_view);
+
+    // get the range of input chunks we need to compute the desired ouput chunk
+    auto range = compute_input_chunk_range(result_chunk_iter);
+
+    // iterate over input chunk (indics)
+    auto first = true;
+    // std::for_each(std::get<0>(range), std::get<1>(range), [&](auto && input_chunk_index)
+    auto iter = std::get<0>(range);
+    while(iter != std::get<1>(range))
+    {
+        const auto & input_chunk_index = *iter;
+        // get input chunk iterator from chunk index
+        auto chunked_input_iter = this->get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index);
+        auto input_chunk_view = *chunked_input_iter;
+
+        // compute the per block result
+        auto block_res = m_functor.compute(input_chunk_view, m_axes, m_options);
+
+        // merge
+        m_functor.merge(block_res, first,  result_chunk_view, reduction_variable);
+        first = false;
+        ++iter;
+    }
+
+    // finalize (ie smth like normalization)
+    m_functor.finalize(reduction_variable, result_chunk_view, *this);
+}
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+template<class CI>
+auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const -> std::array<xsubgrid_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2>
+{
+    auto input_chunks_begin = construct_container_with_size<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+    auto input_chunks_end = construct_container_with_size<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+
+    std::fill(input_chunks_begin.begin(), input_chunks_begin.end(), 0);
+    std::copy(m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().begin(), m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().end(),  input_chunks_end.begin());
+
+    const auto & chunk_index = result_chunk_iter.chunk_index();
+    for(std::size_t result_ax_index=0; result_ax_index<m_result_shape.size(); ++result_ax_index)
+    {
+        if(m_result_shape[result_ax_index] != 1)
+        {
+            const auto input_ax_index = m_mapping[result_ax_index];
+            input_chunks_begin[input_ax_index] = chunk_index[result_ax_index];
+            input_chunks_end[input_ax_index] = chunk_index[result_ax_index] + 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::array<xsubgrid_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2>{
+        subgrid_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end), 
+        subgrid_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)
+    };
+}
+
+
+template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::init_shapes()
+{
+    const auto & shape = m_e.shape();
+    const auto dimension = m_e.dimension();
+    const auto & block_shape = m_e_chunked_view.chunk_shape();
+    if (xtl::mpl::contains<raw_options_type, xt::keep_dims_type>::value)
+    {
+        resize_container(m_result_shape, dimension);
+        resize_container(m_result_chunk_shape, dimension);
+        resize_container(m_mapping, dimension);
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < dimension; ++i)
+        {
+            m_mapping[i] = i;
+            if (std::find(m_axes.begin(), m_axes.end(), i) == m_axes.end())
+            {
+                // i not in m_axes!
+                m_result_shape[i] = shape[i];
+                m_result_chunk_shape[i] = block_shape[i];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_result_shape[i] = 1;
+                m_result_chunk_shape[i] = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const auto result_dim =  dimension - m_axes.size();
+        resize_container(m_result_shape, result_dim);
+        resize_container(m_result_chunk_shape, result_dim);
+        resize_container(m_mapping, result_dim);
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0, idx = 0; i < dimension; ++i)
+        {
+            if (std::find(m_axes.begin(), m_axes.end(), i) == m_axes.end())
+            {
+                // i not in axes!
+                m_result_shape[idx] = shape[i];
+                m_result_chunk_shape[idx] = block_shape[i];
+                m_mapping[idx] = i;
+                ++idx;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class E, class CS, class A, class O, class FF>
+inline auto blockwise_reducer(E && e, CS && chunk_shape, A && axes, O && raw_options, FF && functor)
+{
+    using functor_type = std::decay_t<FF>;
+    using closure_type = xtl::const_closure_type_t<E>;
+    using axes_type = std::decay_t<A>;
+
+    return xblockwise_reducer<
+        closure_type, 
+        functor_type,
+        axes_type, 
+        O
+    >(
+        std::forward<E>(e), 
+        std::forward<CS>(chunk_shape),
+        std::forward<A>(axes),
+        std::forward<O>(raw_options),
+        std::forward<FF>(functor)
+    );
+}
+
+namespace blockwise
+{   
+
+    #define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)\
+        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X && axes, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::forward<X>(axes),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        }\
+        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X axis, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            std::array<X,1> axes{axis};\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                axes,\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        }\
+        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
+            axes_type axes = construct_container_with_size<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::move(axes),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        }\
+        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, const I (&axes)[N], O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
+            using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;\
+            auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::move(ax),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        } 
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(sum, xt::detail::blockwise::sum_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(prod, xt::detail::blockwise::prod_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(amin, xt::detail::blockwise::amin_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(amax, xt::detail::blockwise::amax_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(mean, xt::detail::blockwise::mean_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(variance, xt::detail::blockwise::variance_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(stddev, xt::detail::blockwise::stddev_functor)
+
+    #undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC
+
+
+    // norm reducers do *not* allow to to pass a template
+    // parameter to specifiy the internal computation type
+    #define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)\
+        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X && axes, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::forward<X>(axes),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        }\
+        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X axis, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            std::array<X,1> axes{axis};\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                axes,\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        }\
+        template<class E, class BS, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
+            axes_type axes = construct_container_with_size<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::move(axes),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        }\
+        template<class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, const I (&axes)[N], O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;\
+            auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::move(ax),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type());\
+        } 
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l0, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l0_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l1, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l1_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l2, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l2_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_sq, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_sq_functor)
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_linf, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_linf_functor)
+
+    #undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC
+
+
+    #define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)\
+        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, X && axes, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::forward<X>(axes),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type(p));\
+        }\
+        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, X axis, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            std::array<X,1> axes{axis};\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                axes,\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type(p));\
+        }\
+        template<class E, class BS, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)\
+        >\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
+            axes_type axes = construct_container_with_size<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::move(axes),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type(p));\
+        }\
+        template<class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>\
+        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, const I (&axes)[N], O options = O())\
+        {\
+            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
+            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
+            using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;\
+            auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);\
+            return blockwise_reducer(\
+                std::forward<E>(e), \
+                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
+                std::move(ax),\
+                std::forward<O>(options),\
+                functor_type(p));\
+        } 
+
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp_to_p, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_to_p_functor);
+    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_functor);
+
+    #undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a018e86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+#ifndef XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNCTORS_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNCTORS_HPP
+
+
+#include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
+
+#include "xexpression.hpp"
+#include "xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xmath.hpp"
+#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
+#include "xchunked_view.hpp"
+#include "xchunked_assign.hpp"
+#include "xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xnorm.hpp"
+#include "xbuilder.hpp"
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+
+namespace xt
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+namespace blockwise
+{
+  
+    struct empty_reduction_variable
+    {
+    };
+
+
+    struct simple_functor_base
+    {
+        template<class E>
+        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
+        {
+            return  empty_reduction_variable();
+        }
+        template<class MR, class E, class R>
+        void finalize(const MR &, E &,const R &) const
+        {
+
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
+    struct sum_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::sum<T_I>(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(input, axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+
+
+    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
+    struct prod_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::sum<T_I>(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::prod<value_type>(input, axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) *= block_result;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
+    struct amin_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::amin<T_I>(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::amin(input, axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = xt::minimum(block_result, result);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
+    struct amax_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::amax<T_I>(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::amax(input, axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = xt::maximum(block_result, result);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
+    struct mean_functor
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::mean<T_I>(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+        )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(input, axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class E>
+        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
+        {
+            return  empty_reduction_variable();
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<class E, class R>
+        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & results, const R & reducer) const
+        {
+            const auto & axes = reducer.axes();
+            std::decay_t<decltype( reducer.input_shape()[0])> factor = 1;
+            for(auto a : axes )
+            {
+                factor *= reducer.input_shape()[a];
+            }
+            xt::noalias(results) /= static_cast<typename E::value_type>(factor);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
+    struct variance_functor
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::variance<T_I>(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            double weight = 1.0;
+            for(auto a : axes)
+            {
+                weight *= static_cast<double>(input.shape()[a]);
+            }
+
+
+            return std::make_tuple(
+                xt::variance<value_type>(input, axes, options),
+                xt::mean<value_type>(input, axes, options),
+                weight
+            );
+        }
+
+        template<class E>
+        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
+        {
+            return  std::make_tuple(xarray<value_type>(), 0.0);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & variance_a, MR & mr) const
+        {
+            auto & mean_a = std::get<0>(mr);
+            auto & n_a = std::get<1>(mr);
+
+            const auto & variance_b =  std::get<0>(block_result);
+            const auto & mean_b =  std::get<1>(block_result);
+            const auto & n_b =  std::get<2>(block_result);
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(variance_a) = variance_b;
+                xt::noalias(mean_a) = mean_b;
+                n_a += n_b;
+            }
+            else
+            {   
+                auto new_mean = (n_a * mean_a + n_b * mean_b) / (n_a + n_b);
+                auto new_variance = (n_a * variance_a +
+                                     n_b * variance_b + 
+                                     n_a * xt::pow(mean_a-new_mean, 2) + 
+                                     n_b * xt::pow(mean_b-new_mean, 2)) / (n_a + n_b);
+                xt::noalias(variance_a) = new_variance;
+                xt::noalias(mean_a) = new_mean;
+                n_a += n_b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        template< class MR, class E, class R>
+        void finalize(const MR &, E & , const R &) const
+        {
+
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
+    struct stddev_functor : public variance_functor<T_E, T_I>
+    {
+        template< class MR, class E, class R>
+        void finalize(const MR &, E & results, const R & ) const
+        {
+            xt::noalias(results) = xt::sqrt(results);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+
+    template<class T_E>
+    struct norm_l0_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::norm_l0(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::not_equal(input, xt::zeros<T_E>(input.shape())), axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    
+
+
+    template<class T_E>
+    struct norm_l1_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::norm_l1(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::abs(input), axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+
+
+    template<class T_E>
+    struct norm_l2_functor
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::norm_l2(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::square(input), axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class E>
+        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
+        {
+            return  empty_reduction_variable();
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<class E, class R>
+        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & results, const R & ) const
+        {
+             xt::noalias(results) = xt::sqrt(results);
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class T_E>
+    struct norm_sq_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::norm_sq(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::square(input), axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result,MR & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class T_E>
+    struct norm_linf_functor : public simple_functor_base
+    {   
+
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::norm_linf(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::amax<value_type>(xt::abs(input), axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result,MR & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = xt::maximum(block_result, result);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template<class T_E>
+    class norm_lp_to_p_functor
+    {   
+    public:
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::norm_lp_to_p(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>(), 1.0
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+        
+        norm_lp_to_p_functor(double p)
+        : m_p(p)
+        {
+        }
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::pow(input, m_p), axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class E>
+        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
+        {
+            return  empty_reduction_variable();
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<class E, class R>
+        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & , const R & ) const
+        {
+        }
+    private:
+
+        double m_p;
+    };
+
+
+    template<class T_E>
+    class norm_lp_functor
+    {   
+    public:
+        norm_lp_functor(double p)
+        : m_p(p)
+        {
+        }
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
+            xt::norm_lp(
+                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>(), 1.0
+            )
+        )>::value_type;
+
+
+        template<class E, class A, class O>
+        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
+        {
+            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::pow(input, m_p), axes, options);
+        }
+
+        template<class E>
+        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
+        {
+            return  empty_reduction_variable();
+        }
+
+        template<class BR, class E>
+        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
+        {
+            if(first)
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<class E, class R>
+        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & results, const R & ) const
+        {
+            results = xt::pow(results, 1.0/m_p);
+        }
+    private:
+
+        double m_p;
+    };
+
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
index 0588be4d5..d73c0fe9f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct xchunk_iterator_base
             : std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_array<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
                                  xchunk_iterator_array<T>,
-                                 std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_view<T>::value,
+                                 std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_view<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
                                                     xchunk_iterator_view<T>,
                                                     invalid_chunk_iterator>>
         {
@@ -172,6 +172,8 @@ namespace xt
         bool operator==(const self_type& rhs) const;
         bool operator!=(const self_type& rhs) const;
 
+        const shape_type& chunk_index() const;
+
         const slice_vector& get_slice_vector() const;
         slice_vector get_chunk_slice_vector() const;
 
@@ -338,6 +340,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_slice_vector;
     }
+    
+    template <class E>
+    auto xchunk_iterator<E>::chunk_index() const -> const shape_type& 
+    {
+        return m_chunk_index;
+    }
 
     template <class E>
     inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::get_chunk_slice_vector() const -> slice_vector
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52f57358a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_XGRID_ITERATOR
+#define XTENSOR_XGRID_ITERATOR
+
+#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
+
+
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    template<class S>
+    class xsubgrid_iterator
+    {
+    public:
+        using self_type = xsubgrid_iterator<S>;
+        using shape_type = S;
+
+        using value_type = shape_type;
+        using reference = value_type &;
+        using pointer = value_type*;
+        using difference_type = std::size_t;
+        using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+        xsubgrid_iterator() = default;
+        xsubgrid_iterator(const xsubgrid_iterator&) = default;
+        xsubgrid_iterator(xsubgrid_iterator&&) = default;
+        xsubgrid_iterator& operator=(const xsubgrid_iterator&) = default;
+        xsubgrid_iterator& operator=(xsubgrid_iterator&&) = default;    
+
+        template<class B, class E, class C>
+        xsubgrid_iterator(B && begin, E && end, C && current, const std::size_t linear_index)
+        :   m_begin(std::forward<B>(begin)),
+            m_end(std::forward<E>(end)),
+            m_current(std::forward<C>(current)),
+            m_linear_index(linear_index)
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        self_type& operator++()
+        {
+            std::size_t i = m_begin.size();
+            while (i != 0)
+            {
+                --i;
+                if (m_current[i] + 1u == m_end[i])
+                {
+                    m_current[i] = m_begin[i];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_current[i] += 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            m_linear_index++;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        self_type operator++(int)
+        {
+            self_type it = *this;
+            ++(*this);
+            return it;
+        }
+        shape_type & operator*()
+        {
+            return m_current;
+        }
+        const shape_type & operator*() const
+        {
+            return m_current;
+        }
+
+        bool operator==(const self_type& rhs) const
+        {
+            return m_linear_index == rhs.m_linear_index;
+        }
+        bool operator!=(const self_type& rhs) const
+        {
+            return !this->operator==(rhs);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        shape_type m_begin;
+        shape_type m_end;
+        shape_type m_current;
+        std::size_t m_linear_index{0};
+    };
+
+
+    template<class S, class B, class E>
+    auto subgrid_iterator_begin(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
+    {
+        S current;
+        resize_container(current, roi_begin.size());
+        std::copy(roi_begin.begin(), roi_begin.end(), current.begin());
+        return xsubgrid_iterator<S>(
+            std::forward<B>(roi_begin),
+            std::forward<E>(roi_end),
+            std::move(current),
+            0
+        );
+    }
+
+    template<class S, class B, class E>
+    auto subgrid_iterator_end(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
+    {
+        S current;
+        resize_container(current, roi_begin.size());
+        std::copy(roi_end.begin(), roi_end.end(), current.begin());
+
+        std::size_t linear_index = 1;
+        for(std::size_t i=0; i<roi_begin.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            linear_index *= roi_end[i] - roi_begin[i];
+        }
+
+        return xsubgrid_iterator<S>(
+            std::forward<B>(roi_begin),
+            std::forward<E>(roi_end),
+            std::move(current),
+            linear_index 
+        );
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 58ea4fb7c..a5f6746b1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -365,46 +365,46 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 }
 
-#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                               \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                               \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>                \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type>;                                                     \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type>(INIT))),                                 \
-                          std::forward<E>(e),                                                                        \
-                          std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                                \
-    }                                                                                                                \
-                                                                                                                     \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                               \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>                               \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                  \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                 \
-    }                                                                                                                \
-                                                                                                                     \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                        \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                                 \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                          \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;               \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                    \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);       \
-    }                                                                                                                \
-                                                                                                                     \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                      \
-    {                                                                                                                \
-        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;               \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                    \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                      \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es); \
+#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                                  \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                  \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X> >> )>   \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                   \
+    {                                                                                                                   \
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                   \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                   \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type>;                                                        \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                         \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type>(INIT))),                                    \
+                          std::forward<E>(e),                                                                           \
+                          std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                                   \
+    }                                                                                                                   \
+                                                                                                                        \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                  \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)>                    \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                     \
+    {                                                                                                                   \
+        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                    \
+    }                                                                                                                   \
+                                                                                                                        \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                           \
+              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                                    \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                             \
+    {                                                                                                                   \
+        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                  \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                   \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                       \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                         \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);          \
+    }                                                                                                                   \
+                                                                                                                        \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                   \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                         \
+    {                                                                                                                   \
+        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                  \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                   \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                       \
+        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                         \
+                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);    \
     }
 
     /*******************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 85d8d1826..d8c97cd97 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -332,9 +332,74 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /***********************************
-     * resize_container implementation *
+     * construct_container_with_size implementation *
      ***********************************/
+    namespace detail
+    {
+
+        template<class C>
+        struct construct_container_with_size_impl
+        {
+            static C op(typename C::size_type size)
+            {
+                C c;
+                const bool success = resize_container(c, size);
+                if(!success)
+                {
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "cannot resize container to given size");
+                }
+                c.resize(size);
+                return c;
+            }
+        };
 
+        template <class T, class A>
+        struct construct_container_with_size_impl<std::vector<T,A>>
+        {
+            using container_type = std::vector<T,A>;
+            static container_type op(typename container_type::size_type size)
+            {
+                return container_type(size);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <class T, std::size_t N>
+        struct construct_container_with_size_impl<std::array<T, N>>
+        {
+            using container_type = std::array<T, N>;
+            static container_type op(typename container_type::size_type size)
+            {
+                if(size != N)
+                {
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "cannot resize container to given size");
+                }
+                return container_type{};
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <std::size_t... I>
+        struct construct_container_with_size_impl<xt::fixed_shape<I...>>
+        {
+            using container_type = xt::fixed_shape<I...>;
+            static container_type op(std::size_t size)
+            {
+                if(sizeof...(I) != size)
+                {
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "cannot resize container to given size");
+                }
+                return container_type{};
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    template <class C, class S>
+    inline C construct_container_with_size(S size)
+    {
+        return detail::construct_container_with_size_impl<C>::op(size);
+    }
+    /***********************************
+     * resize_container implementation *
+     ***********************************/
     template <class C>
     inline bool resize_container(C& c, typename C::size_type size)
     {
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 6e5cc7b9a..9466cb8ed 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
     test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
     test_xarray.cpp
+    test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
     test_xbroadcast.cpp
     test_xbuilder.cpp
     test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xexpression_traits.cpp
     test_xfunction.cpp
     test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
+    test_xgrid_iterator.cpp
     test_xiterator.cpp
     test_xmath.cpp
     test_xoperation.cpp
diff --git a/test/test_common.hpp b/test/test_common.hpp
index 9424b6c7d..ab2839cd8 100644
--- a/test/test_common.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common.hpp
@@ -10,8 +10,12 @@
 #ifndef TEST_COMMON_HPP
 #define TEST_COMMON_HPP
 
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include "xtensor/xlayout.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp" // tuple_idx_of
+
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 // the tests used to be implemented with gtest
@@ -28,6 +32,28 @@ namespace testing
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    template<class C>
+    std::string stringify(const C & container)
+    {
+        std::size_t i = 0;
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "[";
+        for(auto && c : container)
+        {
+            if(i + 1 == container.size())
+            {
+                ss<<c;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ss<<c<<",";
+            }
+            ++i;
+        }
+        ss << "]";
+        return ss.str();
+    }
+
     template <class T, class A, class AV>
     bool operator==(const uvector<T, A>& lhs, const std::vector<T, AV>& rhs)
     {
diff --git a/test/test_common_macros.hpp b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
index 1ecaf92df..d0c16194c 100644
--- a/test/test_common_macros.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #define XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(x) x;
 #endif
 
-#endif
 
 #define EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x)
 #define EXPECT_THROW(x, y) XT_EXPECT_THROW(x,y)
@@ -55,3 +54,11 @@
 
 #define TEST_F(FIXTURE_CLASS, NAME)\
     TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FIXTURE_CLASS, #NAME)
+
+#define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_DEFINE(ID)\
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(#ID, TypeParam, ID)
+
+#define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_TEST_APPLY(ID, TEST_FUNC)\
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(ID, augment_t<std::decay_t<decltype(TEST_FUNC())>>)
+    
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65dcadbb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+
+#include "xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define  XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(FNAME)\
+struct FNAME ## _tester\
+{   \
+    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
+    static auto op(ARGS &&... args)\
+    {\
+        return xt::blockwise:: FNAME <T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
+    }\
+    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
+    static auto should_op(ARGS &&... args)\
+    {\
+        return xt:: FNAME <T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
+    }\
+};\
+TYPE_TO_STRING(FNAME ## _tester);\
+TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>);\
+TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>)
+
+XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(sum);
+XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(prod);
+XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(amin);
+XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(amax);
+XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(mean);
+XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(variance);
+XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(stddev);
+
+#undef XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER
+
+#define  XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(FNAME)\
+struct FNAME ## _tester\
+{   \
+    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
+    static auto op(ARGS &&... args)\
+    {\
+        return xt::blockwise:: FNAME (std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
+    }\
+    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
+    static auto should_op(ARGS &&... args)\
+    {\
+        return xt:: FNAME (std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
+    }\
+};\
+TYPE_TO_STRING(FNAME##_tester);\
+TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>);\
+TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>)
+
+XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_l0);
+XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_l1);
+XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_l2);
+XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_sq);
+XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_linf);
+XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_lp_to_p);
+XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_lp);
+#undef XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+using test_values_test_types = std::tuple<
+    std::tuple<sum_tester,          std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<sum_tester,          std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<prod_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<prod_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<amin_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<amin_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<amax_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<amax_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<mean_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<mean_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<variance_tester,     std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<variance_tester,     std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<stddev_tester,       std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<stddev_tester,       std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_l0_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_l0_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_l1_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_l1_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_l2_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_l2_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_sq_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_sq_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_linf_tester,    std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_linf_tester,    std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>
+>;
+
+using test_p_norm_values_test_types = std::tuple<
+    std::tuple<norm_lp_to_p_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_lp_to_p_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_lp_tester,           std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+    std::tuple<norm_lp_tester,           std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>
+>;
+
+
+
+TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
+{
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_values", TesterTuple, test_values_id) 
+    {
+        using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
+        using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
+
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
+        xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+
+        // just iota is a bit boring since it will 
+        // lead to an uniform variance
+        std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
+        for(std::size_t i=0; i<input_exp.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if(i % 2)
+            {
+                input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::vector<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>> axes_vec = {
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({1}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})
+        };
+
+        for(const auto & axes : axes_vec)
+        {
+            SUBCASE((std::string("axes = ") + stringify(axes)).c_str())
+            {
+                auto reducer = tester_type::op(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes, options_type{});
+                auto should_reducer = tester_type::should_op(input_exp, axes, options_type{});
+
+                using should_result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(should_reducer)>::value_type;
+                using result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(reducer)>::value_type;
+
+                SUBCASE("result_value_type")
+                {
+                    CHECK_UNARY(std::is_same<result_value_type, should_result_value_type>::value);
+                }
+
+                SUBCASE("shape")
+                {
+                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.dimension(), should_reducer.dimension());
+                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.shape(), should_reducer.shape());
+                }
+
+                SUBCASE("assign")
+                {
+                    auto result = xarray<result_value_type>::from_shape(reducer.shape());
+                    reducer.assign_to(result);
+
+                    auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
+                    if(std::is_same<tester_type, variance_tester>::value || std::is_same<tester_type, stddev_tester>::value)    
+                    { 
+                        CHECK_UNARY(xt::allclose(result, should_result));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        CHECK_EQ(result, should_result);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(test_values_id, test_values_test_types);
+
+
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_p_norm_values", TesterTuple, test_p_norm_values_id) 
+    {
+        using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
+        using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
+
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
+        xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+
+        // just iota is a bit boring since it will 
+        // lead to an uniform variance
+        std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
+        for(std::size_t i=0; i<input_exp.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if(i % 2)
+            {
+                input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::vector<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>> axes_vec = {
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({1}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})
+        };
+
+        for(const auto & axes : axes_vec)
+        {
+            SUBCASE((std::string("axes = ") + stringify(axes)).c_str())
+            {
+                auto reducer = tester_type::op(input_exp, chunk_shape, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
+                auto should_reducer = tester_type::should_op(input_exp, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
+                auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
+                
+                using should_result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(should_reducer)>::value_type;
+                using result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(reducer)>::value_type;
+
+                SUBCASE("result_value_type")
+                {
+                    CHECK_UNARY(std::is_same<result_value_type, should_result_value_type>::value);
+                }
+
+
+                SUBCASE("shape")
+                {
+                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.dimension(), should_reducer.dimension());
+                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.shape(), should_reducer.shape());
+                }
+
+                SUBCASE("assign")
+                {
+                    auto result = xarray<result_value_type>::from_shape(reducer.shape());
+                    reducer.assign_to(result);
+                    CHECK_UNARY(xt::allclose(result, should_result));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(test_p_norm_values_id, test_p_norm_values_test_types);
+
+    TEST_CASE("test_api")
+    {
+        SUBCASE("sum")
+        {
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
+            xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+
+            SUBCASE("integral_axis")
+            {
+                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
+            }
+            SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
+            {
+                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
+            }
+            SUBCASE("array")
+            {
+                const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
+                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
+            }
+            SUBCASE("no options")
+            {
+                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape);
+            }
+            SUBCASE("templated")
+            {
+                SUBCASE("integral_axis")
+                {
+                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
+                }
+                SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
+                {
+                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
+                }
+                SUBCASE("array")
+                {
+                    const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
+                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
+                }
+                SUBCASE("no options")
+                {
+                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        SUBCASE("l2_norm")
+        {
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
+            xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+
+            SUBCASE("integral_axis")
+            {
+                xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
+            }
+            SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
+            {
+                xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
+            }
+            SUBCASE("array")
+            {
+                const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
+                xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
+            }
+        }
+    } 
+}
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e8ab5acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+TEST_SUITE("xgrid_iterator")
+{
+
+    TEST_CASE("sum")
+    {   
+        using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
+        using iter_type = xsubgrid_iterator<shape_type>;
+
+        shape_type roi_begin{2,3,4};
+        shape_type roi_end{3,5,6};
+        shape_type current{2,3,4};
+        iter_type iter(roi_begin, roi_end, current, 0);
+
+
+        iter_type end(roi_begin, roi_end, roi_end, 4);
+
+        shape_type should(3);
+        for(should[0]=roi_begin[0]; should[0]<roi_end[0]; ++should[0])
+        for(should[1]=roi_begin[1]; should[1]<roi_end[1]; ++should[1])
+        for(should[2]=roi_begin[2]; should[2]<roi_end[2]; ++should[2])
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(*iter, should);
+            ++iter;
+        }
+        EXPECT_TRUE(iter==end);
+    }
+}
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From 7fab00951c5c6ac0b359d06e532fc598b0e945aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <derthorstenbeier@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2021 12:13:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 273/606] addressed issues from review

---
 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp        | 30 +++++----
 ..._iterator.hpp => xmultiindex_iterator.hpp} | 24 +++----
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp                    | 66 -------------------
 test/CMakeLists.txt                           |  2 +-
 ...ator.cpp => test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp} |  6 +-
 5 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)
 rename include/xtensor/{xgrid_iterator.hpp => xmultiindex_iterator.hpp} (81%)
 rename test/{test_xgrid_iterator.cpp => test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp} (84%)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
index b4a58b7e9..029c62560 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "xshape.hpp"
 #include "xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp"
-#include "xgrid_iterator.hpp"
+#include "xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
 #include "xreducer.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
@@ -50,12 +50,13 @@ class xblockwise_reducer
     using mapping_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<shape_type>;
     using input_chunked_view_type = xchunked_view<const std::decay_t<CT> &>;
     using input_const_chunked_iterator_type = typename input_chunked_view_type::const_chunk_iterator;
+    using input_chunk_range_type = std::array<xmultiindex_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2>;
 
     template<class CI>
     void assign_to_chunk(CI & result_chunk_iter) const;
 
     template<class CI>
-    std::array<xsubgrid_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2> compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const;
+    input_chunk_range_type compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const;
 
     input_const_chunked_iterator_type get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index_type  input_chunk_index) const;
     void init_shapes();
@@ -184,12 +185,14 @@ void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::assign_to_chunk(CI & result_chunk_iter) co
 
 template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
 template<class CI>
-auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const -> std::array<xsubgrid_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2>
+auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const -> input_chunk_range_type
 {
-    auto input_chunks_begin = construct_container_with_size<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
-    auto input_chunks_end = construct_container_with_size<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+    auto input_chunks_begin = xtl::make_sequence<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension(), 0);
+    auto input_chunks_end = xtl::make_sequence<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+
+    XTENSOR_ASSERT(input_chunks_begin.size() == m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+    XTENSOR_ASSERT(input_chunks_end.size() == m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
 
-    std::fill(input_chunks_begin.begin(), input_chunks_begin.end(), 0);
     std::copy(m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().begin(), m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().end(),  input_chunks_end.begin());
 
     const auto & chunk_index = result_chunk_iter.chunk_index();
@@ -202,9 +205,9 @@ auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chun
             input_chunks_end[input_ax_index] = chunk_index[result_ax_index] + 1;
         }
     }
-    return std::array<xsubgrid_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2>{
-        subgrid_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end), 
-        subgrid_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)
+    return input_chunk_range_type{
+        multiindex_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end), 
+        multiindex_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)
     };
 }
 
@@ -318,7 +321,8 @@ namespace blockwise
         {\
             using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
             using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
-            axes_type axes = construct_container_with_size<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.dimension() == e.dimension());\
             std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
             using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
             return blockwise_reducer(\
@@ -392,7 +396,8 @@ namespace blockwise
         {\
             using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
             using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
-            axes_type axes = construct_container_with_size<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.dimension() == e.dimension());\
             std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
             using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
             return blockwise_reducer(\
@@ -462,7 +467,8 @@ namespace blockwise
         {\
             using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
             using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
-            axes_type axes = construct_container_with_size<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.dimension() == e.dimension());\
             std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
             using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
             return blockwise_reducer(\
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
similarity index 81%
rename from include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
index 52f57358a..db207589c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#ifndef XTENSOR_XGRID_ITERATOR
-#define XTENSOR_XGRID_ITERATOR
+#ifndef XTENSOR_XMULTIINDEX_ITERATOR
+#define XTENSOR_XMULTIINDEX_ITERATOR
 
 #include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
 
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ namespace xt
 {
 
     template<class S>
-    class xsubgrid_iterator
+    class xmultiindex_iterator
     {
     public:
-        using self_type = xsubgrid_iterator<S>;
+        using self_type = xmultiindex_iterator<S>;
         using shape_type = S;
 
         using value_type = shape_type;
@@ -31,14 +31,10 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = std::size_t;
         using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
 
-        xsubgrid_iterator() = default;
-        xsubgrid_iterator(const xsubgrid_iterator&) = default;
-        xsubgrid_iterator(xsubgrid_iterator&&) = default;
-        xsubgrid_iterator& operator=(const xsubgrid_iterator&) = default;
-        xsubgrid_iterator& operator=(xsubgrid_iterator&&) = default;    
+        xmultiindex_iterator() = default;
 
         template<class B, class E, class C>
-        xsubgrid_iterator(B && begin, E && end, C && current, const std::size_t linear_index)
+        xmultiindex_iterator(B && begin, E && end, C && current, const std::size_t linear_index)
         :   m_begin(std::forward<B>(begin)),
             m_end(std::forward<E>(end)),
             m_current(std::forward<C>(current)),
@@ -100,12 +96,12 @@ namespace xt
 
 
     template<class S, class B, class E>
-    auto subgrid_iterator_begin(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
+    auto multiindex_iterator_begin(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
     {
         S current;
         resize_container(current, roi_begin.size());
         std::copy(roi_begin.begin(), roi_begin.end(), current.begin());
-        return xsubgrid_iterator<S>(
+        return xmultiindex_iterator<S>(
             std::forward<B>(roi_begin),
             std::forward<E>(roi_end),
             std::move(current),
@@ -114,7 +110,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template<class S, class B, class E>
-    auto subgrid_iterator_end(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
+    auto multiindex_iterator_end(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
     {
         S current;
         resize_container(current, roi_begin.size());
@@ -126,7 +122,7 @@ namespace xt
             linear_index *= roi_end[i] - roi_begin[i];
         }
 
-        return xsubgrid_iterator<S>(
+        return xmultiindex_iterator<S>(
             std::forward<B>(roi_begin),
             std::forward<E>(roi_end),
             std::move(current),
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index d8c97cd97..ed8f2eab6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -331,72 +331,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    /***********************************
-     * construct_container_with_size implementation *
-     ***********************************/
-    namespace detail
-    {
-
-        template<class C>
-        struct construct_container_with_size_impl
-        {
-            static C op(typename C::size_type size)
-            {
-                C c;
-                const bool success = resize_container(c, size);
-                if(!success)
-                {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "cannot resize container to given size");
-                }
-                c.resize(size);
-                return c;
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class A>
-        struct construct_container_with_size_impl<std::vector<T,A>>
-        {
-            using container_type = std::vector<T,A>;
-            static container_type op(typename container_type::size_type size)
-            {
-                return container_type(size);
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        struct construct_container_with_size_impl<std::array<T, N>>
-        {
-            using container_type = std::array<T, N>;
-            static container_type op(typename container_type::size_type size)
-            {
-                if(size != N)
-                {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "cannot resize container to given size");
-                }
-                return container_type{};
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <std::size_t... I>
-        struct construct_container_with_size_impl<xt::fixed_shape<I...>>
-        {
-            using container_type = xt::fixed_shape<I...>;
-            static container_type op(std::size_t size)
-            {
-                if(sizeof...(I) != size)
-                {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "cannot resize container to given size");
-                }
-                return container_type{};
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    template <class C, class S>
-    inline C construct_container_with_size(S size)
-    {
-        return detail::construct_container_with_size_impl<C>::op(size);
-    }
     /***********************************
      * resize_container implementation *
      ***********************************/
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 9466cb8ed..ff105e33c 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xexpression_traits.cpp
     test_xfunction.cpp
     test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
-    test_xgrid_iterator.cpp
+    test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
     test_xiterator.cpp
     test_xmath.cpp
     test_xoperation.cpp
diff --git a/test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
similarity index 84%
rename from test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp
rename to test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
index 6e8ab5acb..01bdf2219 100644
--- a/test/test_xgrid_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xtensor/xgrid_iterator.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-TEST_SUITE("xgrid_iterator")
+TEST_SUITE("xmultiindex_iterator")
 {
 
     TEST_CASE("sum")
     {   
         using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        using iter_type = xsubgrid_iterator<shape_type>;
+        using iter_type = xmultiindex_iterator<shape_type>;
 
         shape_type roi_begin{2,3,4};
         shape_type roi_end{3,5,6};

From a06be68a53045a344dc34dd41251f12dc8e629cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <derthorstenbeier@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2021 12:34:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 274/606] fixed copy paste error

---
 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
index 029c62560..91661ff93 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ namespace blockwise
             using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
             using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
             axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.dimension() == e.dimension());\
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());\
             std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
             using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
             return blockwise_reducer(\
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ namespace blockwise
             using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
             using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
             axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.dimension() == e.dimension());\
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());\
             std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
             using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
             return blockwise_reducer(\
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ namespace blockwise
             using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
             using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
             axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.dimension() == e.dimension());\
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());\
             std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
             using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
             return blockwise_reducer(\

From 1bbd4f3d371df1fd0cc6d9637255755506045183 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pierre-Yves Le Borgne <pylaterreur@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 12:04:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 275/606] Update builder.rst : mistake in Diag Output

---
 docs/source/quickref/builder.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
index db4fd1291..2b09850b8 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Returns a 2D-expression using the input value as its diagonal:
     xt::xarray<double> a = {1, 5, 7};
     auto b = xt::diag(a);
     std::cout << b << std::endl;
-    // Outputs {{1, 0, 0} {0, 5, 0}, {5, 0, 7}}
+    // Outputs {{1, 0, 0} {0, 5, 0}, {0, 0, 7}}
 
 Diagonal
 --------

From 9a6fed4419ab61014b1c23c945e4de4bd733f2e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Sep 2021 16:45:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 276/606] Fixed comparison of double in some tests

---
 test/CMakeLists.txt          |   2 +
 test/test_common_macros.hpp  |   6 ++-
 test/test_utils.hpp          | 101 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp       |   2 +-
 test/test_xfunction.cpp      |  12 ++---
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp |  24 ++++-----
 6 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/test_utils.hpp

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index ff105e33c..6b29d2f86 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ endif()
 # Therefore, we need keep this small but complete for analysis.
 set(TEST_HEADERS
     test_common.hpp
+    test_common_macros.hpp
+    test_utils.hpp
     test_xsemantic.hpp
 )
 set(COMMON_BASE
diff --git a/test/test_common_macros.hpp b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
index d0c16194c..f2c45d5db 100644
--- a/test/test_common_macros.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "doctest/doctest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "test_utils.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
 
@@ -50,7 +51,8 @@
 #define ASSERT_TRUE(A) REQUIRE_EQ(A, true)
 #define ASSERT_FALSE(A) REQUIRE_FALSE(A)
 
-#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(x,y)   CHECK(x == doctest::Approx(y));
+#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(x,y)   CHECK(xt::scalar_near(x,y));
+#define EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(x,y) CHECK(xt::tensor_near(x,y));
 
 #define TEST_F(FIXTURE_CLASS, NAME)\
     TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FIXTURE_CLASS, #NAME)
@@ -61,4 +63,4 @@
 #define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_TEST_APPLY(ID, TEST_FUNC)\
     TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(ID, augment_t<std::decay_t<decltype(TEST_FUNC())>>)
     
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif
diff --git a/test/test_utils.hpp b/test/test_utils.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..917ee1d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_utils.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#ifndef TEST_UTILS_HPP
+#define TEST_UTILS_HPP
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "xtensor/xexpression.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class T>
+        bool check_is_small(const T& value, const T& tolerance)
+        {
+            using std::abs;
+            return abs(value) < abs(tolerance);
+        }
+
+        template <class T>
+        T safe_division(const T& lhs, const T& rhs)
+        {
+            if (rhs < static_cast<T>(1) && lhs > rhs * (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)())
+            {
+                return (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)();
+            }
+            if ((lhs == static_cast<T>(0)) ||
+                (rhs > static_cast<T>(1) &&
+                    lhs < rhs * (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)()))
+            {
+                return static_cast<T>(0);
+            }
+            return lhs / rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <class T>
+        bool check_is_close(const T& lhs, const T& rhs, const T& relative_precision)
+        {
+            using std::abs;
+            T diff = abs(lhs - rhs);
+            T d1 = safe_division(diff, T(abs(rhs)));
+            T d2 = safe_division(diff, T(abs(lhs)));
+
+            return d1 <= relative_precision && d2 <= relative_precision;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    bool scalar_near(const T& lhs, const T& rhs)
+    {
+        using std::abs;
+        using std::max;
+
+        if (std::isnan(lhs))
+        {
+            return std::isnan(rhs);
+        }
+
+        if (std::isinf(lhs))
+        {
+            return std::isinf(rhs) && (lhs * rhs > 0) /* same sign */;
+        }
+
+        T relative_precision = 2048 * std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon();
+        T absolute_zero_prox = 2048 * std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon();
+
+        if (max(abs(lhs), abs(rhs)) < T(1e-3))
+        {
+            using res_type = decltype(lhs - rhs);
+            return detail::check_is_small(lhs - rhs, res_type(absolute_zero_prox));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return detail::check_is_close(lhs, rhs, relative_precision);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    bool scalar_near(const std::complex<T>& lhs, const std::complex<T>& rhs)
+    {
+        return scalar_near(lhs.real(), rhs.real()) && scalar_near(lhs.imag(), rhs.imag());
+    }
+
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    bool tensor_near(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
+    {
+        bool res = e1.dimension() == e2.dimension() && std::equal(e1.shape().begin(), e1.shape().end(), e2.shape().begin());
+        auto iter1 = e1.begin();
+        auto iter2 = e2.begin();
+        auto iter_end = e1.end();
+        while (res && iter1 != iter_end)
+        {
+            res = scalar_near(*iter1++, *iter2++);
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 90d0d808d..57d1a00c5 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ namespace xt
         double at_end = 99.78730976641236;
         xt::xarray<double> a = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
         auto b = xt::linspace(0., at_end, 100);
-        EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
     TEST(xbuilder, logspace)
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index c5ebdb9a7..edfbe1f86 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -458,13 +458,13 @@ namespace xt
                 *(resit4++) = *it;
             }
 
-            EXPECT_EQ(res2, res5);
-            EXPECT_EQ(res4, res5);
+            EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(res2, res5);
+            EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(res4, res5);
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(res1, res5);
-        EXPECT_EQ(res3, res5);
-        EXPECT_EQ(func, res5);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(res1, res5);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(res3, res5);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(func, res5);
     }
 
     TEST(xfunction, all_iterators)
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto f1 = 2.0 * x;
         auto f2 = x * 2.0 * x;
         iterator_tester(f1);
-// For an unknown reason, MSVC is cannot correctly generate
+// For an unknown reason, MSVC cannot correctly generate
 // storage_cbegin() for a function of function. Moreover,
 // a simple SFINAE deduction like has_storage_iterator
 // harcoded and tested here fails (while it builds fine in any
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index 37a46655b..003ab06d5 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -187,34 +187,34 @@ namespace xt
     {
         auto as = nanmean(nantest::aN)();
         auto ase = nanmean(nantest::aN, evaluation_strategy::immediate)();
-        EXPECT_EQ(as, 17.125);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ase, 17.125);
+        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(as, 17.125);
+        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(ase, 17.125);
 
         xarray<double> eaN0 = {1.0, 1.5, 123, 3};
         xarray<double> eaN1 = {63.0, 2.0, 5.0/3.0};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {0}), eaN0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {1}), eaN1);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {0}), eaN0);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {1}), eaN1);
 
         std::array<std::size_t, 1> axis{0};
         EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, axis), eaN0);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {0}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), eaN0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {1}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), eaN1);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {0}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), eaN0);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {1}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), eaN1);
 
         auto cs = nanmean(nantest::cN)();
         auto cse = nanmean(nantest::cN, evaluation_strategy::immediate)();
-        EXPECT_EQ(cs, std::complex<double>(1.4, 0.6));
-        EXPECT_EQ(cse, std::complex<double>(1.4, 0.6));
+        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(cs, std::complex<double>(1.4, 0.6));
+        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(cse, std::complex<double>(1.4, 0.6));
 
         xarray<std::complex<double>> ecN0 = {1.0 + 0.0i, 1.0+0.5i, 3.0+2.0i};
         xarray<std::complex<double>> ecN1 = {1.0 + 1.0i, (5.0 + 1.0i) / 3.0};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {0}), ecN0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {1}), ecN1);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {0}), ecN0);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {1}), ecN1);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {0}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), ecN0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {1}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), ecN1);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {0}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), ecN0);
+        EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {1}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), ecN1);
     }
 
 

From 91f82eaba9bd7da972e1d65d343c0fb5234db29e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Oct 2021 07:12:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 277/606] Replaced call to deprecated API of sphinx in conf.py

---
 docs/source/conf.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index d4823ec4e..bd5e08428 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 
 def setup(app):
-    app.add_stylesheet("main_stylesheet.css")
+    app.add_css_file("main_stylesheet.css")
 
 extensions = ['breathe']
 breathe_projects = { 'xtensor': '../xml' }

From adbb1ea018609c63af079b1e13b6efb28e7761cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 8 Oct 2021 16:11:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 278/606] [docs] fixing typo

---
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
index a1273aa8e..119086638 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ In-memory chunked arrays
 ------------------------
 
 This may not look very useful at first sight, since each chunk (and thus the
-whole array) is hold in memory. It means that it cannot work with very large
+whole array) is held in memory. It means that it cannot work with very large
 arrays, but it may be used to parallelize an algorithm, by processing several
 chunks at the same time.
 

From 77658e11a1b614bb73062b552a5561ffb47803ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DerThorsten <derthorstenbeier@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2021 11:39:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 279/606] upgrading to xsimd 8

---
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml           |  6 +--
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml             | 14 +++----
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml      |  2 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                                |  2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                           |  4 +-
 include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp                  | 32 ++++------------
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp                |  5 +--
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp                 |  4 +-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp                     | 14 +++----
 include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp                   |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp             |  4 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp            |  8 +++-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp              | 37 ++++++++++---------
 test/CMakeLists.txt                           |  6 ++-
 test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp               | 10 +----
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp                        | 10 ++++-
 test/test_xsimd8.cpp                          | 29 +++++++++++++++
 17 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/test_xsimd8.cpp

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
index 525b471a1..4520ff789 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ jobs:
   - job: 'Linux_0'
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        clang_4:
-          llvm_version: '4.0'
-        clang_5:
-          llvm_version: '5.0'
         clang_6:
           llvm_version: '6.0'
         clang_7:
@@ -18,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
           llvm_version: '10'
           disable_xsimd: 1
     pool:
-      vmImage: ubuntu-16.04
+      vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
     variables:
       CC: clang-$(llvm_version)
       CXX: clang++-$(llvm_version)
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
index e699b4fed..b34cb9234 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
@@ -2,11 +2,8 @@ jobs:
   - job: 'Linux_1'
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        gcc_4:
-          gcc_version: '4.9'
-          check_cyclic_includes: 1
-        gcc_5_disable_xsimd:
-          gcc_version: '5'
+        gcc_6_disable_xsimd:
+          gcc_version: '6'
           disable_xsimd: 1
         gcc_6_disable_exception:
           gcc_version: '6'
@@ -22,6 +19,9 @@ jobs:
         gcc_7_openmp:
           gcc_version: '7'
           enable_openmp: 1
+        gcc_8:
+          gcc_version: '8'
+          check_cyclic_includes: 1
         gcc_8_bound_checks:
           gcc_version: '8'
           bound_checks: 1
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
         gcc_9:
           gcc_version: '9'
     pool:
-      vmImage: ubuntu-16.04
+      vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
     variables:
       CC: gcc-$(gcc_version)
       CXX: g++-$(gcc_version)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
 
       - script: |
-          if [[ $(gcc_version) == '4.9' || $(gcc_version) == '6' || $(gcc_version) == '7' || $(gcc_version) == '8' ]]; then
+          if [[ $(gcc_version) == '6' || $(gcc_version) == '7' || $(gcc_version) == '8' ]]; then
             sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
             sudo apt-get update
             sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$(gcc_version)
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index f353f97cf..9c0ff6f56 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
                         doctest ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
                         xtl==0.7.0 ^
-                        xsimd==7.4.8 ^
+                        xsimd==8.0.3 ^
                         python=3.6
           conda list
         displayName: "Install conda packages"
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index bf2f75bf1..45515f566 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB AND XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 7.4.4)
+    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 8.0.2)
     if(TARGET xsimd)
         set(xsimd_VERSION ${XSIMD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_MINOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_PATCH})
         # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 2c3eb456a..f4ea820a2 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ channels:
 dependencies:
   - cmake
   - xtl=0.7.0
-  - xsimd=7.4.9
+  - xsimd=8.0.3
   - nlohmann_json
-  - doctest
\ No newline at end of file
+  - doctest
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
index 5bae3266d..57c557c7c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -160,35 +160,17 @@ namespace xt
                 return std::complex<T>(c.real(), -c.imag());
             }
 
-#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-            template <class X>
-            constexpr X conj_impl(const xsimd::simd_complex_batch<X>& z)
-            {
-                return xsimd::conj(z);
-            }
-
             template <class T>
-            struct not_complex_batch
-                : xtl::negation<std::is_base_of<xsimd::simd_complex_batch<T>, T>>
+            constexpr std::complex<T> conj_impl(const T & real)
             {
-            };
-
-            // libc++ (OSX) conj is unfortunately broken and returns
-            // std::complex<T> instead of T.
-            // This function must be deactivated for complex batches,
-            // otherwise it will be a better match than the previous one.
-            template <class T, XTL_REQUIRES(not_complex_batch<T>)>
-            constexpr T conj_impl(const T& c)
-            {
-                return c;
+                return std::complex<T>(real, 0);
             }
-#else
-            // libc++ (OSX) conj is unfortunately broken and returns
-            // std::complex<T> instead of T.
-            template <class T>
-            constexpr T conj_impl(const T& c)
+            
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+            template <class T, class A>
+            xsimd::complex_batch_type_t< xsimd::batch<T, A>> conj_impl(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& z)
             {
-                return c;
+                return xsimd::conj(z);
             }
 #endif
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 97765b32c..52669024b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -725,17 +725,16 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xcontainer<D>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
-        xt_simd::store_simd<value_type, typename simd::value_type>(std::addressof(storage()[i]), e, align_mode());
+        xt_simd::store_as(std::addressof(storage()[i]), e, align_mode());
     }
 
     template <class D>
     template <class alignment, class requested_type, std::size_t N>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::load_simd(size_type i) const
         -> container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
-        //-> simd_return_type<requested_type>
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
-        return xt_simd::load_simd<value_type, requested_type>(std::addressof(storage()[i]), align_mode());
+        return xt_simd::load_as<requested_type>(std::addressof(storage()[i]), align_mode());
     }
 
     template <class D>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index cfb961a5a..64109dcf4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -557,8 +557,8 @@ namespace xt
             static R apply(const It& it)
             {
                 R reg;
-                reg.load_unaligned(&(*it));
-                return reg;
+                return reg.load_unaligned(&(*it));
+                //return reg;
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index a5f6746b1..badd624d0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -266,21 +266,21 @@ XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long long);
         // VS2015 STL defines isnan, isinf and isfinite as template
         // functions, breaking ADL.
 #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-        template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, N> isinf(const xsimd::batch<T, N>& b)
+        /*template <class T, class A>
+        inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, A> isinf(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& b)
         {
             return xsimd::isinf(b);
         }
-        template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, N> isnan(const xsimd::batch<T, N>& b)
+        template <class T, class A>
+        inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, A> isnan(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& b)
         {
             return xsimd::isnan(b);
         }
-        template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, N> isfinite(const xsimd::batch<T, N>& b)
+        template <class T, class A>
+        inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, A> isfinite(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& b)
         {
             return xsimd::isfinite(b);
-        }
+        }*/
 #endif
         // The following specializations are needed to avoid 'ambiguous overload' errors,
         // whereas 'unsigned char' and 'unsigned short' are automatically converted to 'int'.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
index 2f6d21003..5a30dfdb7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xscalar<CT>::load_simd(size_type) const
         -> xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>
     {
-        return xt_simd::set_simd<value_type, requested_type>(m_value);
+        return xt_simd::broadcast_as<requested_type>(m_value);
     }
 
     template <class T>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 7a6610595..4546875af 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ namespace xt
         -> enable_simd_interface<T, void>
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
-        xt_simd::store_simd<value_type, typename simd::value_type>(&(storage()[i]), e, align_mode());
+        xt_simd::store_as(&(storage()[i]), e, align_mode());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ namespace xt
         -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
-        return xt_simd::load_simd<value_type, requested_type>(&(storage()[i]), align_mode());
+        return xt_simd::load_as<requested_type>(&(storage()[i]), align_mode());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index c09494b24..41508c4e1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@
     xt::svector<typename XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER(T, EA)::size_type, 4, SA, true>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+    #include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
+    #define XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT xsimd::default_arch::alignment()
+#endif
+
+
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR
 #ifdef XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING
     #ifndef XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY
@@ -72,7 +78,7 @@
     #endif
 #else
     #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-        #include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
+        
         #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
             xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>
     #else
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
index ab95d3538..4ddf146aa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
 
 #include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
+//#include <xsimd/memory/xsimd_load_store.hpp>
 
 #if defined(_MSV_VER) && (_MSV_VER < 1910)
-template <class T, std::size_t N>
-inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, N> isnan(const xsimd::batch<T, N>& b)
+template <class T, class A>
+inline xsimd::batch_bool<T, A> isnan(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& b)
 {
     return xsimd::isnan(b);
 }
@@ -62,15 +63,15 @@ namespace xt_simd
     template <class T>
     using revert_simd_type = xsimd::revert_simd_type<T>;
 
-    using xsimd::set_simd;
-    using xsimd::load_simd;
-    using xsimd::store_simd;
-    using xsimd::select;
-    using xsimd::get_alignment_offset;
-
     template <class T1, class T2>
     using simd_return_type = xsimd::simd_return_type<T1, T2>;
 
+    using xsimd::load_as;
+    using xsimd::store_as;
+    using xsimd::broadcast_as;
+    using xsimd::select;
+    using xsimd::get_alignment_offset;
+
     template <class V>
     using is_batch_bool = xsimd::is_batch_bool<V>;
 
@@ -139,32 +140,32 @@ namespace xt_simd
     template <class T>
     using revert_simd_type = typename revert_simd_traits<T>::type;
 
-    template <class T, class V>
-    inline simd_type<T> set_simd(const T& value)
+    template <class R, class T>
+    inline simd_type<R> broadcast_as(const T& value)
     {
         return value;
     }
 
-    template <class T, class V>
-    inline simd_type<T> load_simd(const T* src, aligned_mode)
+    template <class R, class T>
+    inline simd_type<R> load_as(const T* src, aligned_mode)
     {
         return *src;
     }
 
-    template <class T, class V>
-    inline simd_type<T> load_simd(const T* src, unaligned_mode)
+    template <class R, class T>
+    inline simd_type<R> load_as(const T* src, unaligned_mode)
     {
         return *src;
     }
 
-    template <class T>
-    inline void store_simd(T* dst, const simd_type<T>& src, aligned_mode)
+    template <class R, class T>
+    inline void store_as(R* dst, const simd_type<T>& src, aligned_mode)
     {
         *dst = src;
     }
 
-    template <class T>
-    inline void store_simd(T* dst, const simd_type<T>& src, unaligned_mode)
+    template <class R, class T>
+    inline void store_as(R* dst, const simd_type<T>& src, unaligned_mode)
     {
         *dst = src;
     }
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 6b29d2f86..56a7ae83c 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" U_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 
 include(set_compiler_flag.cmake)
 
+
+
 if(CPP17)
   # User requested C++17, but compiler might not oblige.
   set_compiler_flag(
@@ -69,12 +71,13 @@ endif()
 
 OPTION(XTENSOR_ENABLE_WERROR "Turn on -Werror" OFF)
 
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -DXSIMD_ENABLE_XTL_COMPLEX=1")
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel" AND NOT WIN32))
   CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
   if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
   endif()
-  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder -Wconversion -Wno-sign-conversion ")
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wold-style-cast -Wunused-variable -ftemplate-backtrace-limit=0")
   if (XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fno-exceptions")
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ set(COMMON_BASE
     test_xview.cpp
     test_xview_semantic.cpp
     test_xutils.cpp
+    test_xsimd8.cpp
 )
 
 set(XTENSOR_TESTS
diff --git a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
index d0cde16ce..26a17051d 100644
--- a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
@@ -50,15 +50,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
         std::cout << "Built with XSIMD" << std::endl;
-    #if defined(XSIMD_X86_INSTR_SET)
-        std::cout << "Using X86 Instruction set: " << XSIMD_INSTR_SET << std::endl;
-    #elif defined(XSIMD_X86_AMD_INSTR_SET)
-        std::cout << "Using AMD Instruction set: " << XSIMD_INSTR_SET << std::endl;
-    #elif defined(XSIMD_ARM_INSTR_SET)
-        std::cout << "Using ARM Instruction set: " << XSIMD_INSTR_SET << std::endl;
-    #else
-        std::cout << "Using unknown Instruction set: " << XSIMD_INSTR_SET << std::endl;
-    #endif
+        std::cout << " arch "<<xsimd::default_arch::name() << std::endl;
 #else
         std::cout << "Built without XSIMD" << std::endl;
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index ea910c45c..2ad02575c 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,14 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(*(it.operator->()), 1.0);
     }
 
+    TEST(xcomplex, arg)
+    {
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
+                                                  {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
+                                                  {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<double> res = xt::arg(cmplarg_0);
+
+    }
     TEST(xcomplex, abs_angle_conj)
     {
         xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
@@ -195,7 +203,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> A = {{0.81745298, 0.75933774, 0.44016704},
                             {0.54959488, 1.01524554, 0.69331814},
                             {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}};
-        xarray<double> B = xt::conj(A);
+        xarray<double> B = xt::real(xt::conj(A));
         EXPECT_EQ(A, B);
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f67a6897d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
+#include <complex>
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
+
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    using namespace std::complex_literals;
+
+    TEST(xcomplex, arg)
+    {
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
+                                                  {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
+                                                  {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> res = xt::conj(cmplarg_0);
+    }
+}
+

From 825c0fd8a465049c06ad89fa3911b342dbffcabf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Oct 2021 18:58:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 280/606] Release 0.24.0

---
 README.md                          | 13 ++-----------
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  6 +++---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  4 ++--
 4 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a10295b2e..3b41b0bcc 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,17 +84,8 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.10  | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.9   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.8   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.4   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.3   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.2   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
-|  0.23.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  0.24.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  0.23.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
 
 The dependency on `xsimd` is required if you want to enable SIMD acceleration
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 4ccfb375b..a7df939b3 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,22 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.24.0
+------
+
+- Comparison of shapes with differnt types is now supported
+  `#2393 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2393`
+- Ported tests to doctest
+  `#2405 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2405`
+- Updated docs of argmin and argmax
+  `#2425 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2425`
+- blockwise reducers intital implementation
+  `#2415 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2415`
+- Fixed comparison of double in some tests
+  `#2436 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2436`
+- Upgraded to xsimd 8
+  `#2438 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2438`
+
 0.23.10
 -------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 3a87d0b2a..8bc5751c3 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.23.10
-  - xtensor-blas=0.19.1
-  - xeus-cling=0.12.1
+  - xtensor=0.24.0
+  - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
+  - xeus-cling=0.13.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 41508c4e1..ae056b5f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 #define XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 23
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 10
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 91a85151a88ae08114c48a86b8daabfbf60f5f30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Macky Diarra <mackydiarra17@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 2021 10:48:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 281/606] Fixed typo install instructions

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3b41b0bcc..17cdd3ea0 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ mamba install -c conda-forge xtensor
 You can directly install it from the sources:
 
 ```bash
-cmake -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=your_install_prefix
+cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=your_install_prefix
 make install
 ```
 

From 11851f9d6f186a76a33f72ed6b05f5880e7bc4a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien Delsalle <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Nov 2021 13:09:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 282/606] define XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD use tbb threshold in
 assignment

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp        | 16 +++++++++++++---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  4 ++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 314ae6bd2..d28be29d9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -641,10 +641,20 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        tbb::parallel_for(align_begin, align_end, simd_size, [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
+        if (size >= XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD)
         {
-            e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
-        });
+            tbb::parallel_for(align_begin, align_end, simd_size, [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
+            {
+                e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
+            });
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
+            {
+                e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
+            }
+        }
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         if (size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index ae056b5f3..f1f2253a9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@
 #define XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD 0
 #endif
 
+#ifndef XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD
+#define XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD 0
+#endif
+
 #ifndef XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN
 #define XTENSOR_SELECT_ALIGN(T) (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT != 0 ? XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT : alignof(T))
 #endif

From 194e4dff07081fd9d4cd9654738a0c14b489287d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien Delsalle <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Nov 2021 13:30:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 283/606] add documentation

---
 docs/source/dev-build-options.rst | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
index e662324a8..f53b9bc7d 100644
--- a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ Build
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_TBB``: enables parallel assignment loop. This requires that you have you have tbb_ installed
   on your system.
+
+ - Optionally use ``XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD`` to set a minimum size to trigger parallel assignment (default is 0)
+
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP``: enables parallel assignment loop using OpenMP. This requires that OpenMP is available on your system.
 
 All these options are disabled by default. Enabling ``DOWNLOAD_GTEST`` or

From 13a5a69eb0440aaab68bceb15785edd895f7e24d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien Delsalle <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Nov 2021 13:39:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 284/606] export interface to tbb add target link to tbb in
 cmake config

---
 xtensorConfig.cmake.in | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
index 833a30dfa..6bd25bc1b 100644
--- a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
+++ b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
     find_dependency(TBB)
+    target_link_libraries(@PROJECT_NAME@ INTERFACE tbb)
     target_compile_definitions(@PROJECT_NAME@ INTERFACE XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
 endif()
 

From 047ad82dc2f355ec7e5f518719a2b726414757e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: toge <toge.mail@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Nov 2021 05:39:53 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 285/606] add condition for libstdc++ >= 7

---
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index ed8f2eab6..ba7cceab5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -637,11 +637,16 @@ namespace xt
      * xtrivial_default_construct implemenation *
      ********************************************/
 
+#if defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && _GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 7
+// has_trivial_default_constructor has not been available since libstdc++-7.
+#define XTENSOR_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI 1
+#else
 #if defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI)
 #if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI || (defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI) && !_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI)
 #define XTENSOR_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI 1
 #endif
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #if !defined(__GNUG__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) || defined(XTENSOR_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI)
 

From 47991f86197f55b1d1431b8b1c6dbcc09dde03da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2021 10:34:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 286/606] Added missing headers in CMake

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 45515f566..d831b35dc 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xassign.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -151,6 +153,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmath.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmime.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xnpy.hpp

From 182eb3324f1c67b593fddbd5baa8a1ba40cc35b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 2021 09:00:13 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 287/606] Workaround for CMake implementations that do not use
 C and CXX languages by default

---
 CMakeLists.txt      | 2 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index d831b35dc..e4a4b3735 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 ############################################################################
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
-project(xtensor)
+project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
 
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 56a7ae83c..08acd4d82 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ find_package(doctest            REQUIRED)
 find_package(Threads)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
-    project(xtensor-test)
+    project(xtensor-test CXX)
 
     enable_testing()
 

From fb0c66ead2dc844a32c934fa65ccd50b66efbd23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Dowling <samuel.dowling@protonmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Dec 2021 23:41:51 +1030
Subject: [PATCH 288/606] 2296: Fix erroneous less_equal usage in is_sorted
 calls

* Fix erroneous usage of the std::less_equal function as a Compare
  argument to is_sorted by replacing it with std::less. This will allow
  users to build and run with -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG without causing a fatal
  error.
* Update inline documentation to reflect change.

Fixes #2296
---
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index d38fc73e0..c06acbb00 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@ namespace xt
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> iter_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(e.shape())>(e.shape());
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> iter_strides(e.dimension());
 
-        // using std::less_equal is counter-intuitive, but as the standard says (24.4.5):
+        // std::less is used, because as the standard says (24.4.5):
         // A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparator comp if for any iterator i pointing to the sequence and any non-negative integer n
         // such that i + n is a valid iterator pointing to an element of the sequence, comp(*(i + n), *i) == false.
-        // Therefore less_equal is required to detect duplicates.
-        if (!std::is_sorted(axes.cbegin(), axes.cend(), std::less_equal<>()))
+        // Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
+        if (!std::is_sorted(axes.cbegin(), axes.cend(), std::less<>()))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted and should not contain duplicates");
         }
@@ -1301,11 +1301,11 @@ namespace xt
         , m_dim_mapping(xtl::make_sequence<dim_mapping_type>(typename O::keep_dims() ? m_e.dimension() : m_e.dimension() - m_axes.size(), 0))
         , m_options(std::forward<OX>(options))
     {
-        // using std::less_equal is counter-intuitive, but as the standard says (24.4.5):
+        // std::less is used, because as the standard says (24.4.5):
         // A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparator comp if for any iterator i pointing to the sequence and any non-negative integer n
         // such that i + n is a valid iterator pointing to an element of the sequence, comp(*(i + n), *i) == false.
-        // Therefore less_equal is required to detect duplicates.
-        if (!std::is_sorted(m_axes.cbegin(), m_axes.cend(), std::less_equal<>()))
+        // Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
+        if (!std::is_sorted(m_axes.cbegin(), m_axes.cend(), std::less<>()))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted and should not contain duplicates");
         }

From bce3e959565f6046fda597295b3a9fd9c206db0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Dowling <samuel.dowling@protonmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2021 19:18:27 +1030
Subject: [PATCH 289/606] 2296: Add test for duplicates in reduction indices

* Add test for duplicates in reduction indices. This was necessary
  because changing the binary predicate from <= to < when comparing axes
  indices no longer excludes duplicate values when passed to
  std::is_sorted. This allows both duplicates and unsorted axis indices
  to be identified and filtered appropriately.
* Separate tests for sorted and duplicate indices for readability and
  improved clarity in exception messages.
* Add unit tests to ensure all combinations of double axis indices are
  handled appropriately.
* Update numpy documentation to reflect correct numpy axis specification
  syntax as a tuple instead of a list. According to the numpy documentation
  "If axis is a tuple of ints ...". This is important because specification
  of axis indices as a list yields an error. The list type has been
  updated to tuple for accuracy. For confirmation of this, refer to:
  https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sum.html#numpy.sum

Fixes #2296
---
 docs/source/numpy.rst        |  8 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp | 12 ++++++++++--
 test/test_xreducer.cpp       |  5 ++++-
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 5f5fc7699..6a7d0e1e4 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -421,19 +421,19 @@ hold any values and are computed upon access or assignment.
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
 +====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.sum(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.sum>`                          | ``xt::sum(a, {0, 1})``                                             |
+| :any:`np.sum(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.sum>`                          | ``xt::sum(a, {0, 1})``                                             |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :any:`np.sum(a, axis=1) <numpy.sum>`                               | ``xt::sum(a, 1)``                                                  |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :any:`np.sum(a) <numpy.sum>`                                       | ``xt::sum(a)``                                                     |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.prod(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.prod>`                        | ``xt::prod(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
+| :any:`np.prod(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.prod>`                        | ``xt::prod(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :any:`np.prod(a, axis=1) <numpy.prod>`                             | ``xt::prod(a, 1)``                                                 |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :any:`np.prod(a) <numpy.prod>`                                     | ``xt::prod(a)``                                                    |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.mean(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.mean>`                        | ``xt::mean(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
+| :any:`np.mean(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.mean>`                        | ``xt::mean(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :any:`np.mean(a, axis=1) <numpy.mean>`                             | ``xt::mean(a, 1)``                                                 |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ hold any values and are computed upon access or assignment.
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :any:`np.trapz(a, x=b, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`                     | ``xt::trapz(a, b, -1)``                                            |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=[0, 1]) <numpy.count_nonzero>`      | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, {0, 1})``                                   |
+| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.count_nonzero>`      | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, {0, 1})``                                   |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=1) <numpy.count_nonzero>`           | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, 1)``                                        |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index c06acbb00..ae0b962bc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -298,7 +298,11 @@ namespace xt
         // Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
         if (!std::is_sorted(axes.cbegin(), axes.cend(), std::less<>()))
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted and should not contain duplicates");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted.");
+        }
+        if (std::adjacent_find(axes.cbegin(), axes.cend()) != axes.cend())
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should not contain duplicates.");
         }
         if (axes.size() != 0 && axes[axes.size() - 1] > e.dimension() - 1)
         {
@@ -1307,7 +1311,11 @@ namespace xt
         // Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
         if (!std::is_sorted(m_axes.cbegin(), m_axes.cend(), std::less<>()))
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted and should not contain duplicates");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted.");
+        }
+        if (std::adjacent_find(m_axes.cbegin(), m_axes.cend()) != m_axes.cend())
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should not contain duplicates.");
         }
         if (m_axes.size() != 0 && m_axes[m_axes.size() - 1] > m_e.dimension() - 1)
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index b1708f65a..7f6f34454 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -1068,7 +1068,10 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer, double_axis)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> a = xt::ones<int>({ 3, 2});
-        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {1, 1}));
+        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::sum(a, {0, 1})); // correct
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {0, 0})); // duplicate indices
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {1, 0})); // unordered indices
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {1, 1})); // duplicate indices
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer, sum_xtensor_of_fixed)

From 3582022313c696b520bbf022e49a767d4dd6abb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Mar 2022 09:22:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 290/606] Removed old OSX image, added new one

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
index 282a8acfd..beeafce57 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ jobs:
   - job: 'OSX'
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        macOS_10_14:
-          image_name: 'macOS-10.14'
         macOS_10_15:
           image_name: 'macOS-10.15'
+        macOS_11:
+          image_name: 'macOS-11'
     pool:
       vmImage: $(image_name)
     variables:

From 164d9d594801dfa42b4ef0093a4faf20c8ac9d7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Mar 2022 10:04:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 291/606] Pinning doctest 2.4.7

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 9c0ff6f56..2abde0e9c 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       - script: |
           conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
-                        doctest ^
+                        doctest==2.4.7 ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
                         xtl==0.7.0 ^
                         xsimd==8.0.3 ^
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index f4ea820a2..b12fe94ce 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ dependencies:
   - xtl=0.7.0
   - xsimd=8.0.3
   - nlohmann_json
-  - doctest
+  - doctest=2.4.7

From 699a5f25302a155db031900794398b83ff24a49c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Mar 2022 11:10:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 292/606] debugging wincl install

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 2abde0e9c..86d76bbad 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -31,16 +31,18 @@ jobs:
           conda info
         displayName: "Configure Miniconda"
 
+      - script:
+          conda install mamba
       # Create conda enviroment
       # Note: conda activate doesn't work here, because it creates a new shell!
       - script: |
-          conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
+          mamba install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         doctest==2.4.7 ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
                         xtl==0.7.0 ^
                         xsimd==8.0.3 ^
-                        python=3.6
+                        python=3.9
           conda list
         displayName: "Install conda packages"
 

From 4ef70fdc4fd44f3419e7cc2ee3ce3485ec0cdee0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Mar 2022 16:19:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 293/606] Upgraded windows image on Azure pipelines

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 86d76bbad..4573d2a2c 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 jobs:
   - job: 'Windows_clangcl'
     pool:
-      vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'
+      vmImage: 'windows-2019'
     timeoutInMinutes: 360
     steps:
 
@@ -31,12 +31,10 @@ jobs:
           conda info
         displayName: "Configure Miniconda"
 
-      - script:
-          conda install mamba
       # Create conda enviroment
       # Note: conda activate doesn't work here, because it creates a new shell!
       - script: |
-          mamba install cmake==3.14.0 ^
+          conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
                         ninja ^
                         doctest==2.4.7 ^
                         nlohmann_json ^

From 751f3ae17a17e56139703a4291c36aaf7adf00fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Romano <paul.k.romano@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Mar 2022 09:42:19 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 294/606] Replace use of VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL (CMake 3.7+)
 with VERSION_LESS. Fixes #2478

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index e4a4b3735..477e3b5a0 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.7.0)
 if(TARGET xtl)
     set(xtl_VERSION ${XTL_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XTL_VERSION_MINOR}.${XTL_VERSION_PATCH})
     # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
-    if( NOT ${xtl_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL ${xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION})
+    if(${xtl_VERSION} VERSION_LESS ${xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION})
         message(ERROR "Mismatch xtl versions. Found '${xtl_VERSION}' but requires: '${xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION}'")
     else()
         message(STATUS "Found xtl v${xtl_VERSION}")
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
     if(TARGET xsimd)
         set(xsimd_VERSION ${XSIMD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_MINOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_PATCH})
         # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
-        if( NOT ${xsimd_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL ${xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION})
+        if(${xsimd_VERSION} VERSION_LESS ${xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION})
             message(ERROR "Mismatch xsimd versions. Found '${xsimd_VERSION}' but requires: '${xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION}'")
         else()
             message(STATUS "Found xsimd v${xsimd_VERSION}")

From 9d5adc3b2aaad6ce44dca53c968b46b0f8b8d034 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 11 Mar 2022 15:50:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 295/606] Adding `xt::missing` to `operator()`

---
 docs/source/indices.rst        | 10 +++++---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xexception.hpp | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp   | 16 ++++++++++++-
 test/test_xtensor.cpp          | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/indices.rst b/docs/source/indices.rst
index ff4700157..3273954c2 100644
--- a/docs/source/indices.rst
+++ b/docs/source/indices.rst
@@ -52,12 +52,16 @@ To this end the following operators are at your disposal:
 Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
 specified by an *array index* given by a number of unsigned integers.
 
-.. note::
-
-    If the number of indices is less that the dimension of the array,
+*   If the number of indices is less that the dimension of the array,
     the indices are pre-padded with zeros until the dimension is matched
     (example: ``a(2) == a(0, 2) == 2``).
 
+*   If the number of indices is greater than the dimension of the array,
+    the first ``#indices - dimension`` indices are ignored.
+
+*   To post-pad an arbitrary number of zeros use ``xt::missing``
+    (example ``a(2, xt::missing) == a(2, 0) == 8``.
+
 ``at(args...)``
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 52669024b..cf5e52cdf 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         XTENSOR_TRY(check_index(shape(), args...));
         XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION(shape(), args...);
-        size_type index = xt::data_offset<size_type>(strides(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(args)...);
+        size_type index = xt::data_offset<size_type>(strides(), args...);
         return storage()[index];
     }
 
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         XTENSOR_TRY(check_index(shape(), args...));
         XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION(shape(), args...);
-        size_type index = xt::data_offset<size_type>(strides(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(args)...);
+        size_type index = xt::data_offset<size_type>(strides(), args...);
         return storage()[index];
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
index 0cc29e7a3..7e9a78016 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
@@ -14,11 +14,36 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
+#include <iostream>
 
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xspan_impl.hpp>
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    struct missing_type {};
+    namespace {
+        missing_type missing;
+    }
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class... Args>
+        struct last_type_is_missing_impl
+            : std::is_same<missing_type, xtl::mpl::back_t<xtl::mpl::vector<Args...>>>
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct last_type_is_missing_impl<>
+            : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
+
+        template <class... Args>
+        constexpr bool last_type_is_missing = last_type_is_missing_impl<Args...>::value;
+    }
 
     /*******************
      * broadcast_error *
@@ -147,6 +172,11 @@ namespace xt
         {
         }
 
+        template <class S, std::size_t dim>
+        inline void check_index_impl(const S&, missing_type)
+        {
+        }
+
         template <class S, std::size_t dim, class T, class... Args>
         inline void check_index_impl(const S& shape, T arg, Args... args)
         {
@@ -165,6 +195,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
     }
 
+    template <class S>
+    inline void check_index(const S&, missing_type)
+    {
+    }
+
     template <class S, class Arg, class... Args>
     inline void check_index(const S& shape, Arg arg, Args... args)
     {
@@ -178,6 +213,11 @@ namespace xt
             // Too many arguments: drop the first
             check_index(shape, args...);
         }
+        else if (detail::last_type_is_missing<Args...>)
+        {
+            // Too few arguments & last argument xt::missing: postfix index with zeros
+            detail::check_index_impl<S, 0>(shape, arg, args...);
+        }
         else
         {
             // Too few arguments: ignore the beginning of the shape
@@ -194,7 +234,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto dst = static_cast<size_type>(last - first);
         It efirst = last - static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>((std::min)(shape.size(), dst));
         std::size_t axis = 0;
-        
+
         while (efirst != last)
         {
             if (*efirst >= value_type(shape[axis]) && shape[axis] != 1)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 843ec640c..17cf95eb4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
+
         template <std::size_t dim, class S>
         inline auto raw_data_offset(const S&) noexcept
         {
@@ -176,10 +177,17 @@ namespace xt
             return strides_value_type(0);
         }
 
+        template <std::size_t dim, class S>
+        inline auto raw_data_offset(const S&, missing_type) noexcept
+        {
+            using strides_value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<S>()[0])>;
+            return strides_value_type(0);
+        }
+
         template <std::size_t dim, class S, class Arg, class... Args>
         inline auto raw_data_offset(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept
         {
-            return arg * strides[dim] + raw_data_offset<dim + 1>(strides, args...);
+            return static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(arg) * strides[dim] + raw_data_offset<dim + 1>(strides, args...);
         }
 
         template <layout_type L, std::ptrdiff_t static_dim>
@@ -270,11 +278,17 @@ namespace xt
             // Too many arguments: drop the first
             return data_offset<offset_type, S>(strides, args...);
         }
+        else if (detail::last_type_is_missing<Args...>)
+        {
+            // Too few arguments & last argument xt::missing: postfix index with zeros
+            return static_cast<offset_type>(detail::raw_data_offset<0>(strides, arg, args...));
+        }
         else
         {
             // Too few arguments: right to left scalar product
             auto view = strides.cend() - nargs;
             return static_cast<offset_type>(detail::raw_data_offset<0>(view, arg, args...));
+
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index 1bb77a9aa..859b061f7 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -167,6 +167,43 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xtensor, missign)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a
+           {{0, 1, 2},
+            {3, 4, 5},
+            {6, 7, 8}};
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0), 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1), 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2), 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0), 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0), 3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 0), 6);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(xt::missing), 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, xt::missing), 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, xt::missing), 3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, xt::missing), 6);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0), 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1), 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0), 3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), 4);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), 5);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 0), 6);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 1), 7);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 2), 8);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 0, 0), 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 0, 1), 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 0, 2), 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 1, 0), 3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 1, 1), 4);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 1, 2), 5);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 2, 0), 6);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 2, 1), 7);
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 2, 2), 8);
+    }
+
     TEST(xtensor, resize)
     {
         xtensor_dynamic a;

From b52e855d8872aa6143e2226f8bd24901db209e0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 09:58:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 296/606] Fixing internal types

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 10 +++++-----
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp  |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp    |  8 ++++----
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index ee668282b..340324520 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -941,20 +941,20 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     if (i != m_axis_1 && i != m_axis_2)
                     {
-                        idx[i] = *begin++;
+                        idx[i] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*begin++);
                     }
                 }
                 using it_vtype = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
                 it_vtype uoffset = static_cast<it_vtype>(m_offset);
                 if (m_offset >= 0)
                 {
-                    idx[m_axis_1] = *(begin);
-                    idx[m_axis_2] = *(begin) + uoffset;
+                    idx[m_axis_1] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*(begin));
+                    idx[m_axis_2] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*(begin) + uoffset);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    idx[m_axis_1] = *(begin) - uoffset;
-                    idx[m_axis_2] = *(begin);
+                    idx[m_axis_1] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*(begin) - uoffset);
+                    idx[m_axis_2] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*(begin));
                 }
                 return m_source[idx];
             }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index 8453972cb..560bb9550 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xrepeat<CT, R>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
     {
         auto s = stepper_begin(m_e.shape());
-        auto dimension = 0;
+        std::size_t dimension = 0;
         auto iter = first;
         while (iter != last)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 652c95a35..a21dc587f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -279,15 +279,15 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin(), data.shape().end() - 1,
                                           std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-                data_secondary_stride = data.shape(data.dimension() - 1);
-                inds_secondary_stride = inds.shape(inds.dimension() - 1);
+                data_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data.shape(data.dimension() - 1));
+                inds_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(inds.shape(inds.dimension() - 1));
             }
             else
             {
                 n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin() + 1, data.shape().end(),
                                           std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-                data_secondary_stride = data.shape(0);
-                inds_secondary_stride = inds.shape(0);
+                data_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data.shape(0));
+                inds_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(inds.shape(0));
             }
 
             auto ptr = data.data();

From 428c2e8110d6024b7f6ad0d05ef9ddb971145d84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 10:55:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 297/606] Empty commit


From 61d94bef7d9c83e584a20482dccb84c445d5e3ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 11:47:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 298/606] Silence unused variable warning

---
 include/xtensor/xexception.hpp | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
index 7e9a78016..7e5a4ef8f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
@@ -20,11 +20,17 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xspan_impl.hpp>
 
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE __attribute__ ((unused))
+#else
+#define XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE
+#endif
+
 namespace xt
 {
     struct missing_type {};
     namespace {
-        missing_type missing;
+        missing_type XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE missing;
     }
 
     namespace detail

From 23fb5eea3e547f05dcd8e4f47d78ed69d1f832e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 10:37:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 299/606] Adding `xt::missing` functionality to
 `.periodic(...)`, `.at(...)`, and `.in_bounds(...)`

---
 include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp |  6 +++---
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp    | 11 +++++++++++
 test/test_xtensor.cpp           | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
index 934d724d5..090922785 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xconst_accessible<D>::at(Args... args) const -> const_reference
     {
-        check_access(derived_cast().shape(), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
+        check_access(derived_cast().shape(), args...);
         return derived_cast().operator()(args...);
     }
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xaccessible<D>::at(Args... args) -> reference
     {
-        check_access(derived_cast().shape(), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
+        check_access(derived_cast().shape(), args...);
         return derived_cast().operator()(args...);
     }
 
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xaccessible<D>::periodic(Args... args) -> reference
     {
         normalize_periodic(derived_cast().shape(), args...);
-        return derived_cast()(static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
+        return derived_cast()(args...);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 17cf95eb4..65eb956e0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -642,6 +642,12 @@ namespace xt
             return true;
         }
 
+        template <class S, std::size_t dim>
+        inline bool check_in_bounds_impl(const S&, missing_type)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         template <class S, std::size_t dim, class T, class... Args>
         inline bool check_in_bounds_impl(const S& shape, T& arg, Args&... args)
         {
@@ -669,6 +675,11 @@ namespace xt
         {
         }
 
+        template <class S, std::size_t dim>
+        inline void normalize_periodic_impl(const S&, missing_type)
+        {
+        }
+
         template <class S, std::size_t dim, class T, class... Args>
         inline void normalize_periodic_impl(const S& shape, T& arg, Args&... args)
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index 859b061f7..85fac3ec3 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST(xtensor, missign)
+    TEST(xtensor, missing)
     {
         xt::xtensor<int, 2> a
            {{0, 1, 2},
@@ -202,6 +202,19 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 2, 0), 6);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 2, 1), 7);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(9, 9, 9, 2, 2), 8);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.periodic(-1, xt::missing), a(2, xt::missing));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.periodic(-2, xt::missing), a(1, xt::missing));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.periodic(-3, xt::missing), a(0, xt::missing));
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.at(0, xt::missing), a.at(0, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.at(1, xt::missing), a.at(1, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a.at(2, xt::missing), a.at(2, 0));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(0, xt::missing));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(1, xt::missing));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(2, xt::missing));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(a.in_bounds(3, xt::missing));
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, resize)

From 4b3dfd134f39b702e617c0816981a990e89b2b0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Wed, 19 May 2021 16:01:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 300/606] Adding size assertion `.flat(i)` + adding a few tests
 on size assertions

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  2 ++
 test/test_xarray.cpp           | 21 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 test/test_xtensor.cpp          | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index cf5e52cdf..933801cb0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -651,12 +651,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class D>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
     {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(i < size());
         return storage()[i];
     }
 
     template <class D>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
     {
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(i < size());
         return storage()[i];
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index 81724d940..962f68f19 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -314,6 +314,19 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a.layout(), c.layout());
     }
 
+    TEST(xarray, operator_brace)
+    {
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(2, 0), std::runtime_error);
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
+
+        xt::xarray<size_t> b = {{0,1,2}};
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(1, 3), std::runtime_error);
+#endif
+    }
+
     TEST(xarray, periodic)
     {
         xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
@@ -336,7 +349,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a.back(), 6);
     }
 
-    TEST(xarray, flat)
+TEST(xarray, flat)
     {
         {
             xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
@@ -345,6 +358,9 @@ namespace xt
             a.flat(4) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+            EXPECT_THROW(a.flat(6), std::runtime_error);
+#endif
         }
         {
             xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
@@ -353,6 +369,9 @@ namespace xt
             a.flat(3) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+            EXPECT_THROW(a.flat(6), std::runtime_error);
+#endif
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index 859b061f7..482cd0939 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -370,6 +370,19 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(idx==jdx);
     }
 
+    TEST(xarray, operator_brace)
+    {
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(2, 0), std::runtime_error);
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0,1,2}};
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
+        EXPECT_THROW(a(1, 3), std::runtime_error);
+#endif
+    }
+
     TEST(xtensor, periodic)
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
@@ -389,6 +402,9 @@ namespace xt
             a.flat(4) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+            EXPECT_THROW(a.flat(6), std::runtime_error);
+#endif
         }
         {
             xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
@@ -397,6 +413,9 @@ namespace xt
             a.flat(3) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
             EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+            EXPECT_THROW(a.flat(6), std::runtime_error);
+#endif
         }
     }
 

From bcf9bb8f4b640c9f9f860b74d2e9025b09533ff6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 11 Mar 2022 16:45:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 301/606] Adding free function `xt::strides`

---
 docs/source/api/xstrides.rst      |  16 ++++
 docs/source/numpy-differences.rst |  14 ++++
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp      | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xstrides.cpp            |  86 +++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 237 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/xstrides.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..901ff63be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+xshape
+======
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/xstride.hpp``
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: auto strides(const E& e, xt::stride_type type)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: auto strides(const E& e, S axis, xt::stride_type type)
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
index 10b3082fa..f51748ef2 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
@@ -98,6 +98,20 @@ Strides
 Strided containers of xtensor and numpy having the same exact memory layout may have different strides when accessing them through the ``strides`` attribute.
 The reason is an optimization in xtensor, which is to set the strides to ``0`` in dimensions of length ``1``, which simplifies the implementation of broadcasting of universal functions.
 
+.. tip::
+
+    Use the free function ``xt::strides`` to switch between representations.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        xt::strides(a); // strides of ``a`` corresponding to storage
+        xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::normal); // same
+
+        xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::internal); // ``== a.strides()``
+
+        xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::bytes) // strides in bytes, as in numpy
+
+
 Array indices
 -------------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 65eb956e0..ff8a5623a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -142,6 +142,127 @@ namespace xt
         return begin;
     }
 
+
+    /***********
+     * strides *
+     ***********/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class return_type, class S, class T, class D>
+        inline return_type compute_stride_impl(layout_type layout, const S& shape, T axis, D default_stride)
+        {
+            if (layout == layout_type::row_major)
+            {
+                return std::accumulate(
+                    shape.cbegin() + axis + 1,
+                    shape.cend(),
+                    static_cast<return_type>(1),
+                    std::multiplies<return_type>()
+                );
+            }
+            if (layout == layout_type::column_major)
+            {
+                return std::accumulate(
+                   shape.cbegin(),
+                    shape.cbegin() + axis,
+                    static_cast<return_type>(1),
+                    std::multiplies<return_type>()
+                );
+            }
+            return default_stride;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup strides
+    * @brief strides_type
+    *
+    * Choose stride type
+    */
+    enum class stride_type
+    {
+        internal = 0, ///< As used internally (with `stride(axis) == 0` if `shape(axis) == 1`)
+        normal = 1, ///< Normal stride corresponding to storage.
+        bytes = 2, ///< Normal stride in bytes.
+    };
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup strides
+    * @brief strides
+    *
+    * Get strides of an object.
+    * @param a an array
+    * @return array
+    */
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto strides(const E& e, stride_type type = stride_type::normal) noexcept
+    {
+        using strides_type = typename E::strides_type;
+        using return_type = typename strides_type::value_type;
+        strides_type ret = e.strides();
+        auto shape = e.shape();
+
+        if (type == stride_type::internal)
+        {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if (shape[i] == 1)
+            {
+                ret[i] = detail::compute_stride_impl<return_type>(e.layout(), shape, i, ret[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (type == stride_type::bytes)
+        {
+            return_type f = static_cast<return_type>(sizeof(typename E::value_type));
+            std::for_each(ret.begin(), ret.end(), [f](auto& c){ c *= f; });
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * @ingroup strides
+    * @brief strides
+    *
+    * Get stride of an object along an axis.
+    * @param a an array
+    * @return integer
+    */
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto strides(const E& e, std::size_t axis, stride_type type = stride_type::normal) noexcept
+    {
+        using strides_type = typename E::strides_type;
+        using return_type = typename strides_type::value_type;
+
+        return_type ret = e.strides()[axis];
+
+        if (type == stride_type::internal)
+        {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        if (ret == 0)
+        {
+            if (e.shape(axis) == 1)
+            {
+                ret = detail::compute_stride_impl<return_type>(e.layout(), e.shape(), axis, ret);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (type == stride_type::bytes)
+        {
+            return_type f = static_cast<return_type>(sizeof(typename E::value_type));
+            ret *= f;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     /******************
      * Implementation *
      ******************/
diff --git a/test/test_xstrides.cpp b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
index 80f995099..faa61182d 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrides.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
@@ -50,6 +50,92 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(t5);
     }
 
+    TEST(xstrides, free_function_2d_row_major)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<int, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = xt::ones<int>({1, 3});
+        using stype = std::vector<std::ptrdiff_t>;
+        std::ptrdiff_t sof = sizeof(int);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a), stype({3, 1}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::normal), stype({3, 1}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::internal), stype({0, 1}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::bytes), stype({3 * sof, sof}));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0) == 3);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::normal) == 3);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::internal) == 0);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::bytes) == 3 * sof);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::normal) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::internal) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::bytes) == sof);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xstrides, free_function_4d_row_major)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<int, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = xt::ones<int>({5, 4, 1, 4});
+        using stype = std::vector<std::ptrdiff_t>;
+        std::ptrdiff_t sof = sizeof(int);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a), stype({16, 4, 4, 1}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::normal), stype({16, 4, 4, 1}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::internal), stype({16, 4, 0, 1}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::bytes), stype({16 * sof, 4 * sof, 4 * sof, 1 * sof}));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0) == 16);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::normal) == 16);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::internal) == 16);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::bytes) == 16 * sof);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1) == 4);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::normal) == 4);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::internal) == 4);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::bytes) == 4 * sof);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2) == 4);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2, xt::stride_type::normal) == 4);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2, xt::stride_type::internal) == 0);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2, xt::stride_type::bytes) == 4 * sof);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3, xt::stride_type::normal) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3, xt::stride_type::internal) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3, xt::stride_type::bytes) == sof);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xstrides, free_function_4d_column_major)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<int, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = xt::ones<int>({5, 4, 1, 4});
+        using stype = std::vector<std::ptrdiff_t>;
+        std::ptrdiff_t sof = sizeof(int);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a), stype({1, 5, 20, 20}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::normal), stype({1, 5, 20, 20}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::internal), stype({1, 5, 0, 20}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::bytes), stype({sof, 5 * sof, 20 * sof, 20 * sof}));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::normal) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::internal) == 1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 0, xt::stride_type::bytes) == sof);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1) == 5);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::normal) == 5);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::internal) == 5);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 1, xt::stride_type::bytes) == 5 * sof);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2) == 20);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2, xt::stride_type::normal) == 20);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2, xt::stride_type::internal) == 0);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 2, xt::stride_type::bytes) == 20 * sof);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3) == 20);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3, xt::stride_type::normal) == 20);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3, xt::stride_type::internal) == 20);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::strides(a, 3, xt::stride_type::bytes) == 20 * sof);
+    }
+
     TEST(xstrides, unravel_from_strides)
     {
         SUBCASE("row_major strides")

From 004370c79716a2d7b3cf9d04af947363d813a29f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2022 23:00:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 302/606] Release 0.24.1

---
 README.md                          |  3 ++-
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 17cdd3ea0..fd7bea87c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
+|  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  0.24.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
 |  0.24.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
 |  0.23.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index a7df939b3..6d5700cad 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,34 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.24.1
+------
+
+- Define tbb threshold 
+  `#2455 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2455`
+- Export link interface to tbb
+  `#2456 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2456`
+- has_trivial_default_constructor has been removed from libstdc++ since version 7.
+  `#2459 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2459`
+- Added missing headers in CMake
+  `#2462 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2462`
+- Workaround for CMake implementations that do not use C and CXX languages
+  `#2467 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2467`
+- Fix erroneous less_equal usage in is_sorted calls 
+  `#2471 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2471`
+- Adding xt::missing to operator()
+  `#2488 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2488`
+- Silence unused variable warning GCC
+  `#2494 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2494`
+- Adding xt::missing functionality to .periodic(...), .at(...), and .in_bounds(...)
+  `#2493 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2493`
+- Fixing internal types
+  `#2492 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2492`
+- Adding size assertion .flat(i) + adding a few tests on size assertions
+  `#2388 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2388`
+- Adding free function xt::strides
+  `#2489 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2489`
+
 0.24.0
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 8bc5751c3..2d615797b 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.24.0
+  - xtensor=0.24.1
   - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
   - xeus-cling=0.13.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index f1f2253a9..ffdc5d2fc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 1
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From f1dc83975a17b9c007511aba397879b98d01ce85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2022 00:00:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 303/606] Fixed the documentation of adapt functions

---
 docs/Doxyfile                       |   2 +-
 docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst  |  19 +++-
 docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst |  34 --------
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp          | 130 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp           |   3 +-
 5 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/Doxyfile b/docs/Doxyfile
index 456ed6d87..d0b8d6e08 100644
--- a/docs/Doxyfile
+++ b/docs/Doxyfile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 PROJECT_NAME = "xtensor"
 XML_OUTPUT = xml
-INPUT = missing_macro.hpp ../include
+INPUT = ../include
 GENERATE_LATEX = NO
 GENERATE_MAN = NO
 GENERATE_RTF = NO
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
index 6764a445b..dc3112a9f 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xarray.hpp``
    :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
-adapt (xarray_adaptor)
-=======================
+adapt
+=====
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
 
@@ -36,8 +36,23 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], SC&&, SS&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&& pointer, const fixed_shape<X...>&);
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, layout_type)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, layout_type, const A&)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, layout_type)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, D&&, layout_type)
    :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], layout_type)
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], D&&, layout_type)
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
index 8d02fd424..36d906f91 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
@@ -13,37 +13,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xtensor.hpp``
    :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
-adapt (xtensor_adaptor)
-========================
-
-Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, const SC&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, SC&&, SS&&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, layout_type, const A&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, const SC&, layout_type, const A&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, SC&&, SS&&, const A&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], const SC&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], SC&&, SS&&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], D&&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index a79788e09..bf8150b1f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ namespace xt
         using not_a_layout = xtl::negation<std::is_same<layout_type,T>>;
     }
 
+#ifndef IN_DOXYGEN
+
     /**************************
      * xarray_adaptor builder *
      **************************/
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@ namespace xt
     /***************************
      * xtensor_adaptor builder *
      ***************************/
-
+    
     /**
      * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified layout_type.
@@ -403,6 +405,132 @@ namespace xt
         return adapt(std::forward<C>(ptr), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
     }
 
+#else // IN_DOXYGEN
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs:
+     * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
+     * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
+     *
+     * from the given stl-like container or pointer, with the specified shape and layout.
+     * If the adaptor is built from a pointer, it does not take its ownership.
+     * @param container the container or pointer to adapt
+     * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
+     * @param l the layout_type of the adaptor
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class SC>
+    inline auto adapt(C&& container, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L);
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs:
+     * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
+     * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
+     *
+     * from the given stl-like container with the specified shape and strides.
+     * @param container the container to adapt
+     * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
+     * @param strides the strides of the adaptor
+     */
+    template <class C, class SC, class SS>
+    inline auto adapt(C&& container, SC&& shape, SS&& strides);
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs:
+     * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
+     * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
+     * 
+     * of the given dynamically allocated C array, with the specified shape and layout.
+     * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
+     * @param size the size of the dynamic array
+     * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
+     *        Possible values are ``no_ownership()`` or ``acquire_ownership()``
+     * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
+     * @param l the layout_type of the adaptor
+     * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class O, class SC, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>>
+    inline auto
+    adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A());
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs:
+     * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
+     * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
+     *
+     * of the given dynamically allocated C array, with the specified shape and strides.
+     * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
+     * @param size the size of the dynamic array
+     * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
+     *        Possible values are ``no_ownership()`` or ``acquire_ownership()``
+     * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
+     * @param strides the strides of the adaptor
+     * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
+     */
+    template <class P, class O, class SC, class SS, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>>
+    inline auto
+    adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A());
+
+    /**
+     * Contructs:
+     * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
+     * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
+     *
+     * of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the specified shape and layout.
+     * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
+     * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
+     * @param l the layout_type of the adaptor
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class T, std::size_t N, class SC>
+    inline auto adapt(T (&c_array)[N], const SC& shape, layout_type l = L);
+
+    /**
+     * Contructs:
+     * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
+     * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
+     *
+     * of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
+     * specified shape and strides.
+     * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
+     * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
+     * @param strides the strides of the adaptor
+     */
+    template <class T, std::size_t N, class SC, class SS>
+    inline auto adapt(T (&c_array)[N], SC&& shape, SS&& strides);
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an non-owning xtensor_fixed_adaptor from a pointer with the
+     * specified shape and layout.
+     * @param pointer the pointer to adapt
+     * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_fixed_adaptor
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, std::size_t... X>
+    inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const fixed_shape<X...>& /*shape*/);
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
+     * with the specified layout_type.
+     * @param container the container to adapt
+     * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C>
+    inline xtensor_adaptor<C, 1, L> adapt(C&& container, layout_type l = L);
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given dynamically allocated C array,
+     * with the specified layout.
+     * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
+     * @param size the size of the dynamic array
+     * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
+     *        Possible values are ``no_ownership()`` or ``acquire_ownership()``
+     * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
+     * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
+     */
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class O, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>>
+    inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, 1, L>
+    adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A());
+
+#endif // IN_DOXYGEN
+
     /*****************************
      * smart_ptr adapter builder *
      *****************************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index e60b72ba7..84498c199 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return std::forward<T>(t);
     }
+    /// @endcond
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -144,7 +145,6 @@ namespace xt
         return e;
     }
 
-    /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
     inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
         -> std::enable_if_t<(!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return e;
     }
+    /// @endcond
 }
 
 #endif

From a5a70449e4673e8a427febf2c8c52dbe03d09596 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: spectre-ns <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2022 20:59:53 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 304/606] Updated C++20 option for visual studio builds C++2a
 no longer a valid std option.

---
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 08acd4d82..3a00ad3ea 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ elseif(CPP20)
   set_compiler_flag(
     _cxx_std_flag CXX
     "-std=c++2a"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
-    "/std:c++2a"  # this should work with MSVC
+    "/std:c++20"  # this should work with MSVC
   )
   if(_cxx_std_flag)
     message(STATUS "Building with C++20")

From eb59637db5b1acca687347f545097b39892d804a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 25 Mar 2022 14:56:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 305/606] Using `std` for `argmin` and `argmax` where possible

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index a21dc587f..dd587ec39 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -857,7 +857,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using value_type = typename E::value_type;
         auto&& ed = eval(e.derived_cast());
-        return detail::arg_func_impl<L>(ed, std::less<value_type>());
+        auto begin = ed.template begin<L>();
+        auto end = ed.template end<L>();
+        std::size_t i = std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end));
+        return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
     }
 
     /**
@@ -884,7 +887,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using value_type = typename E::value_type;
         auto&& ed = eval(e.derived_cast());
-        return detail::arg_func_impl<L>(ed, std::greater<value_type>());
+        auto begin = ed.template begin<L>();
+        auto end = ed.template end<L>();
+        std::size_t i = std::distance(begin, std::max_element(begin, end));
+        return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
     }
 
     /**

From f040c6280b80b2188651147d97969a734507ab1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Sun, 27 Mar 2022 15:13:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 306/606] Fixing return type in `detail::cmp_idx`

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index dd587ec39..e437edfa8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class IT, class F>
-        inline std::size_t cmp_idx(IT iter, IT end, std::ptrdiff_t inc, F&& cmp)
+        inline xtensor<std::size_t, 0> cmp_idx(IT iter, IT end, std::ptrdiff_t inc, F&& cmp)
         {
             std::size_t idx = 0;
             auto min = *iter;
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ namespace xt
                     idx = i;
                 }
             }
-            return idx;
+            return xtensor<std::size_t, 0>{idx};
         }
 
         template <layout_type L, class E, class F>

From c8e310cf9224c6ee33468027382e583ce24cefb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2022 15:33:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 307/606] Removed unused code

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 30 ++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index e437edfa8..6a63ad48f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -768,31 +768,6 @@ namespace xt
             using type = xtensor<std::size_t, N - 1>;
         };
 
-        template <class IT, class F>
-        inline xtensor<std::size_t, 0> cmp_idx(IT iter, IT end, std::ptrdiff_t inc, F&& cmp)
-        {
-            std::size_t idx = 0;
-            auto min = *iter;
-            iter += inc;
-            for (std::size_t i = 1; iter < end; iter += inc, ++i)
-            {
-                if (cmp(*iter, min))
-                {
-                    min = *iter;
-                    idx = i;
-                }
-            }
-            return xtensor<std::size_t, 0>{idx};
-        }
-
-        template <layout_type L, class E, class F>
-        inline xtensor<std::size_t, 0> arg_func_impl(const E& e, F&& f)
-        {
-            return cmp_idx(e.template begin<L>(),
-                           e.template end<L>(), 1,
-                           std::forward<F>(f));
-        }
-
         template <layout_type L, class E, class F>
         inline typename argfunc_result_type<E>::type
         arg_func_impl(const E& e, std::size_t axis, F&& cmp)
@@ -804,7 +779,10 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (e.dimension() == 1)
             {
-                return arg_func_impl<L>(e, std::forward<F>(cmp));
+                auto begin = e.template begin<L>();
+                auto end = e.template end<L>();
+                std::size_t i = std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end));
+                return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
             }
 
             result_shape_type alt_shape;

From a57fa08927aad87792021f7c5271109e11381a19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: spectre-ns <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Sat, 2 Apr 2022 11:33:01 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 308/606] Fixed build error by decaying decltype to base type

---
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index 57b6346a4..be97ffa7a 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         // py_median = np.median(a)
         double py_median = 300.0;
-        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<decltype(py_a)::value_type>(py_median), xt::median(py_a));
+        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<std::decay<decltype(py_a)>::type::value_type>(py_median), xt::median(py_a));
     }
 
     /*py

From 7e5a94396470f296a0e19a987f7ad7dd52af2713 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Jul 2021 18:58:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 309/606] Add xtensor cross references in Numpy cheat sheet

---
 docs/source/conf.py            |    1 +
 docs/source/numpy.rst          | 1061 +++++++++++++++++---------------
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |   12 +
 3 files changed, 589 insertions(+), 485 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index bd5e08428..87f96b9fa 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -45,4 +45,5 @@ def setup(app):
 intersphinx_mapping = {
     "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None),
     "scipy": ("https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference", None),
+    "xtensor-blas": ("https://xtensor-blas.readthedocs.io/en/stable", None),
 }
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 6a7d0e1e4..51606f39f 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -83,19 +83,22 @@ From numpy to xtensor
 Containers
 ----------
 
-Two container types are provided. ``xarray`` (dynamic number of dimensions) and ``xtensor``
-(static number of dimensions).
-
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.array([[3, 4], [5, 6]]) <numpy.array>`                    || ``xt::xarray<double>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}})``                          |
-|                                                                    || ``xt::xtensor<double, 2>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}})``                      |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`arr.reshape([3, 4]) <numpy.ndarray.reshape>`                 | ``arr.reshape({3, 4})``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`arr.astype(np.float64) <numpy.ndarray.astype>`               | ``xt::cast<double>(arr)``                                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+Two container types are provided. :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` (dynamic number of dimensions)
+and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` (static number of dimensions).
+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |             Python 3 - numpy                         |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                         |
+   +======================================================+========================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.array([[3, 4], [5, 6]]) <numpy.array>`      || :cpp:type:`xt::xarray\<double\>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}}) <xt::xarray>`       |
+   |                                                      || :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor\<double, 2\>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}}) <xt::xtensor>`  |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`arr.reshape([3, 4]) <numpy.ndarray.reshape>`   | :cpp:func:`arr.reshape({3, 4}) <xt::xstrided_container::reshape>`      |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`arr.astype(np.float64) <numpy.ndarray.astype>` | :cpp:func:`xt::cast\<double\>(arr) <xt::cast>`                         |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Initializers
 ------------
@@ -104,54 +107,60 @@ Lazy helper functions return tensor expressions. Return types don't hold any val
 evaluated upon access or assignment. They can be assigned to a container or directly used in
 expressions.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.linspace(1.0, 10.0, 100) <numpy.linspace>`                | ``xt::linspace<double>(1.0, 10.0, 100)``                           |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, 4) <numpy.logspace>`                   | ``xt::logspace<double>(2.0, 3.0, 4)``                              |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.arange(3, 7) <numpy.arange>`                              | ``xt::arange(3, 7)``                                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.eye(4) <numpy.eye>`                                       | ``xt::eye(4)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.zeros([3, 4]) <numpy.zeros>`                              | ``xt::zeros<double>({3, 4})``                                      |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.ones([3, 4]) <numpy.ones>`                                | ``xt::ones<double>({3, 4})``                                       |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.empty([3, 4]) <numpy.empty>`                              | ``xt::empty<double>({3, 4})``                                      |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.meshgrid(x0, x1, x2, indexing='ij') <numpy.meshgrid>`     | ``xt::meshgrid(x0, x1, x2)``                                       |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-xtensor's ``meshgrid`` implementation corresponds to numpy's ``'ij'`` indexing order.
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |             Python 3 - numpy                                   |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
+   +================================================================+===================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.linspace(1.0, 10.0, 100) <numpy.linspace>`            | :cpp:func:`xt::linspace\<double\>(1.0, 10.0, 100) <xt::linspace>` |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, 4) <numpy.logspace>`               | :cpp:func:`xt::logspace\<double\>(2.0, 3.0, 4) <xt::logspace>`    |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.arange(3, 7) <numpy.arange>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::arange(3, 7) <xt::arange>`                         |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.eye(4) <numpy.eye>`                                   | :cpp:func:`xt::eye(4) <xt::eye>`                                  |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.zeros([3, 4]) <numpy.zeros>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::zeros\<double\>({3, 4}) <xt::zeros>`               |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.ones([3, 4]) <numpy.ones>`                            | :cpp:func:`xt::ones\<double\>({3, 4}) <xt::ones>`                 |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.empty([3, 4]) <numpy.empty>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::empty\<double\>({3, 4}) <xt::empty>`               |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.meshgrid(x0, x1, x2, indexing='ij') <numpy.meshgrid>` | :cpp:func:`xt::meshgrid(x0, x1, x2) <xt::meshgrid>`               |
+   +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+xtensor's :cpp:func:`meshgrid <xt::meshgrid>` implementation corresponds to numpy's ``'ij'`` indexing order.
 
 Slicing and indexing
 --------------------
 
 See :any:`numpy indexing <numpy:arrays.indexing>` page.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                                 |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| ``a[3, 2]``                                                        | ``a(3, 2)``                                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`a.flat[4] <numpy.ndarray.flat>`                              | ``a.flat(4)``                                                      |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[3]``                                                           || ``xt::view(a, 3, xt::all())``                                     |
-|                                                                    || ``xt::row(a, 3)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[:, 2]``                                                        || ``xt::view(a, xt::all(), 2)``                                     |
-|                                                                    || ``xt::col(a, 2)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[:5, 1:]``                                                      | ``xt::view(a, xt::range(_, 5), xt::range(1, _))``                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[5:1:-1, :]``                                                   | ``xt::view(a, xt::range(5, 1, -1), xt::all())``                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[..., 3]``                                                      | ``xt::strided_view(a, {xt::ellipsis, 3})``                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`a[:, np.newaxis] <numpy.newaxis>`                            | ``xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis())``                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |             Python 3 - numpy            |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                                        |
+   +=========================================+===========================================================================+
+   | ``a[3, 2]``                             | :cpp:func:`a(3, 2) <xt::xcontainer::operator()>`                          |
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`a.flat[4] <numpy.ndarray.flat>`   | :cpp:func:`a.flat(4) <xt::xcontainer::flat>`                              |
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | ``a[3]``                                || :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, 3, xt::all()) <xt::view>`                         |
+   |                                         || :cpp:func:`xt::row(a, 3) <xt::row>`                                      |
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | ``a[:, 2]``                             || :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::all(), 2) <xt::view>`                         |
+   |                                         || :cpp:func:`xt::col(a, 2) <xt::col>`                                      |
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | ``a[:5, 1:]``                           | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::range(_, 5), xt::range(1, _)) <xt::range>`     | 
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | ``a[5:1:-1, :]``                        | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::range(5, 1, -1), xt::all()) <xt::all>`         |
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | ``a[..., 3]``                           | :cpp:func:`xt::strided_view(a, {xt::ellipsis, 3}) <xt::ellipsis>`         |
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`a[:, np.newaxis] <numpy.newaxis>` | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis()) <xt::newaxis>`           |
+   +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Broadcasting
 ------------
@@ -159,17 +168,20 @@ Broadcasting
 xtensor offers lazy numpy-style broadcasting, and universal functions. Unlike numpy, no copy
 or temporary variables are created.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|             Python 3 - numpy                                       |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                                 |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.broadcast(a, [4, 5, 7]) <numpy.broadcast>`                | ``xt::broadcast(a, {4, 5, 7})``                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.vectorize(f) <numpy.vectorize>`                           | ``xt::vectorize(f)``                                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[a > 5]``                                                       | ``xt::filter(a, a > 5)``                                           |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``a[[0, 1], [0, 0]]``                                              | ``xt::index_view(a, {{0, 0}, {1, 0}})``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |             Python 3 - numpy                        |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                               |
+   +=====================================================+==================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.broadcast(a, [4, 5, 7]) <numpy.broadcast>` | :cpp:func:`xt::broadcast(a, {4, 5, 7}) <xt::broadcast>`          |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.vectorize(f) <numpy.vectorize>`            | :cpp:func:`xt::vectorize(f) <xt::vectorize>`                     |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | ``a[a > 5]``                                        | :cpp:func:`xt::filter(a, a > 5) <xt::filter>`                    |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | ``a[[0, 1], [0, 0]]``                               | :cpp:func:`xt::index_view(a, {{0, 0}, {1, 0}}) <xt::index_view>` |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Random
 ------
@@ -177,23 +189,26 @@ Random
 The random module provides simple ways to create random tensor expressions, lazily.
 See :any:`numpy.random` and :ref:`xtensor random <random>` page.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                                 |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
-+=============================================================================+=============================================================================+
-| :any:`np.random.seed(0) <numpy.random.seed>`                                | ``xt::random::seed(0)``                                                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.randn(10, 10) <numpy.random.randn>`                         | ``xt::random::randn<double>({10, 10})``                                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.randint(10, 10) <numpy.random.randint>`                     | ``xt::random::randint<int>({10, 10})``                                      |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.rand(3, 4) <numpy.random.rand>`                             | ``xt::random::rand<double>({3, 4})``                                        |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.choice(arr, 5[, replace][, p]) <numpy.random.choice>`       | ``xt::random::choice(arr, 5[, weights][, replace])``                        |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.shuffle(arr) <numpy.random.shuffle>`                        | ``xt::random::shuffle(arr)``                                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.random.permutation(30) <numpy.random.permutation>`                 | ``xt::random::permutation(30)``                                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                                           |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                                   |
+   +=======================================================================+===================================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.random.seed(0) <numpy.random.seed>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::random::seed(0) <xt::random::seed>`                                |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.random.randn(10, 10) <numpy.random.randn>`                   | :cpp:func:`xt::random::randn\<double\>({10, 10}) <xt::random::randn>`             |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.random.randint(10, 10) <numpy.random.randint>`               | :cpp:func:`xt::random::randint\<int\>({10, 10}) <xt::random::randint>`            |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.random.rand(3, 4) <numpy.random.rand>`                       | :cpp:func:`xt::random::rand\<double\>({3, 4}) <xt::random::rand>`                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.random.choice(arr, 5[, replace][, p]) <numpy.random.choice>` | :cpp:func:`xt::random::choice(arr, 5[, weights][, replace]) <xt::random::choice>` |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.random.shuffle(arr) <numpy.random.shuffle>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::random::shuffle(arr) <xt::random::shuffle>`                        |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.random.permutation(30) <numpy.random.permutation>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::random::permutation(30) <xt::random::permutation>`                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Concatenation, splitting, squeezing
 -----------------------------------
@@ -201,35 +216,38 @@ Concatenation, splitting, squeezing
 Concatenating expressions does not allocate memory, it returns a tensor or view expression holding
 closures on the specified arguments.
 
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                                 |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
-+=============================================================================+=============================================================================+
-| :any:`np.stack([a, b, c], axis=1) <numpy.stack>`                            | ``xt::stack(xtuple(a, b, c), 1)``                                           |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.hstack([a, b, c]) <numpy.hstack>`                                  | ``xt::hstack(xtuple(a, b, c))``                                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.vstack([a, b, c]) <numpy.vstack>`                                  | ``xt::vstack(xtuple(a, b, c))``                                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.concatenate([a, b, c], axis=1) <numpy.concatenate>`                | ``xt::concatenate(xtuple(a, b, c), 1)``                                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.tile(a, reps) <numpy.tile>`                                        | ``xt::tile(a, reps)``                                                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.squeeze(a) <numpy.squeeze>`                                        | ``xt::squeeze(a)``                                                          |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.expand_dims(a, 1) <numpy.expand_dims>`                             | ``xt::expand_dims(a ,1)``                                                   |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.atleast_3d(a) <numpy.atleast_3d>`                                  | ``xt::atleast_3d(a)``                                                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.split(a, 4, axis=0) <numpy.split>`                                 | ``xt::split(a, 4, 0)``                                                      |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.hsplit(a, 4) <numpy.hsplit>`                                       | ``xt::hsplit(a, 4)``                                                        |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.vsplit(a, 4) <numpy.vsplit>`                                       | ``xt::vsplit(a, 4)``                                                        |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.trim_zeros(a, trim='fb') <numpy.trim_zeros>`                       | ``xt::trim_zeros(a, "fb")``                                                 |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.pad(a, pad_width, mode='constant', constant_values=0) <numpy.pad>` | ``xt::pad(a, pad_width[, xt::pad_mode::constant][, 0])``                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                                                 |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                            |
+   +=============================================================================+============================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.stack([a, b, c], axis=1) <numpy.stack>`                            | :cpp:func:`xt::stack(xtuple(a, b, c), 1) <xt::stack>`                      |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.hstack([a, b, c]) <numpy.hstack>`                                  | :cpp:func:`xt::hstack(xtuple(a, b, c)) <xt::hstack>`                       |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.vstack([a, b, c]) <numpy.vstack>`                                  | :cpp:func:`xt::vstack(xtuple(a, b, c)) <xt::vstack>`                       |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.concatenate([a, b, c], axis=1) <numpy.concatenate>`                | :cpp:func:`xt::concatenate(xtuple(a, b, c), 1) <xt::concatenate>`          |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.tile(a, reps) <numpy.tile>`                                        | :cpp:func:`xt::tile(a, reps) <xt::tile>`                                   |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.squeeze(a) <numpy.squeeze>`                                        | :cpp:func:`xt::squeeze(a) <xt::squeeze>`                                   |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.expand_dims(a, 1) <numpy.expand_dims>`                             | :cpp:func:`xt::expand_dims(a ,1) <xt::expand_dims>`                        |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.atleast_3d(a) <numpy.atleast_3d>`                                  | :cpp:func:`xt::atleast_3d(a) <xt::atleast_3d>`                             |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.split(a, 4, axis=0) <numpy.split>`                                 | :cpp:func:`xt::split(a, 4, 0) <xt::split>`                                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.hsplit(a, 4) <numpy.hsplit>`                                       | :cpp:func:`xt::hsplit(a, 4) <xt::hsplit>`                                  |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.vsplit(a, 4) <numpy.vsplit>`                                       | :cpp:func:`xt::vsplit(a, 4) <xt::vsplit>`                                  |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.trim_zeros(a, trim='fb') <numpy.trim_zeros>`                       | :cpp:func:`xt::trim_zeros(a, "fb") <xt::trim_zeros>`                       |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.pad(a, pad_width, mode='constant', constant_values=0) <numpy.pad>` | :cpp:func:`xt::pad(a, pad_width[, xt::pad_mode::constant][, 0]) <xt::pad>` |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Rearrange elements
 ------------------
@@ -237,33 +255,36 @@ Rearrange elements
 In the same spirit as concatenation, the following operations do not allocate any memory and do
 not modify the underlying xexpression.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.diag(a) <numpy.diag>`                                     | ``xt::diag(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.diagonal(a) <numpy.diagonal>`                             | ``xt::diagonal(a)``                                                |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.triu(a) <numpy.triu>`                                     | ``xt::triu(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.tril(a, k=1) <numpy.tril>`                                | ``xt::tril(a, 1)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.flip(a, axis=3) <numpy.flip>`                             | ``xt::flip(a, 3)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.flipud(a) <numpy.flipud>`                                 | ``xt::flip(a, 0)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.fliplr(a) <numpy.fliplr>`                                 | ``xt::flip(a, 1)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.transpose(a, (1, 0, 2)) <numpy.transpose>`                | ``xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2})``                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.ravel(a, order='F') <numpy.ravel>`                        | ``xt::ravel<layout_type::column_major>(a)``                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.rot90(a) <numpy.rot90>`                                   | ``xt::rot90(a)``                                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.rot90(a, 2, (1, 2)) <numpy.rot90>`                        | ``xt::rot90<2>(a, {1, 2})``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.roll(a, 2, axis=1) <numpy.roll>`                          | ``xt::roll(a, 2, 1)``                                              |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                       |
+   +=====================================================+=======================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.diag(a) <numpy.diag>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::diag(a) <xt::diag>`                                    |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.diagonal(a) <numpy.diagonal>`              | :cpp:func:`xt::diagonal(a) <xt::diagonal>`                            |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.triu(a) <numpy.triu>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::triu(a) <xt::triu>`                                    |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.tril(a, k=1) <numpy.tril>`                 | :cpp:func:`xt::tril(a, 1) <xt::tril>`                                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.flip(a, axis=3) <numpy.flip>`              | :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 3) <xt::flip>`                                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.flipud(a) <numpy.flipud>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 0) <xt::flip>`                                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.fliplr(a) <numpy.fliplr>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 1) <xt::flip>`                                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.transpose(a, (1, 0, 2)) <numpy.transpose>` | :cpp:func:`xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2}) <xt::transpose>`               |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.ravel(a, order='F') <numpy.ravel>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::ravel\<xt::layout_type::column_major\>(a) <xt::ravel>` |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.rot90(a) <numpy.rot90>`                    | :cpp:func:`xt::rot90(a) <xt::rot90>`                                  |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.rot90(a, 2, (1, 2)) <numpy.rot90>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::rot90\<2\>(a, {1, 2}) <xt::rot90>`                     |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.roll(a, 2, axis=1) <numpy.roll>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::roll(a, 2, 1) <xt::roll>`                              |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Iteration
 ---------
@@ -271,145 +292,164 @@ Iteration
 xtensor follows the idioms of the C++ STL providing iterator pairs to iterate on arrays in
 different fashions.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`for x in np.nditer(a): <numpy.nditer>`                       |  ``for(auto it=a.begin(); it!=a.end(); ++it)``                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Iterating over ``a`` with a prescribed broadcasting shape          | | ``a.begin({3, 4})``                                              |
-|                                                                    | | ``a.end({3, 4})``                                                |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Iterating over ``a`` in a row-major fashion                        | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``                        |
-|                                                                    | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Iterating over ``a`` in a column-major fashion                     | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::column_major>()``                     |
-|                                                                    | | ``a.end<xt::layout_type::column_major>()``                       |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                               |                C++ 14 - xtensor                |
+   +===========================================================+================================================+
+   | :any:`for x in np.nditer(a): <numpy.nditer>`              |  ``for(auto it=a.begin(); it!=a.end(); ++it)`` |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | Iterating over ``a`` with a prescribed broadcasting shape | | ``a.begin({3, 4})``                          |
+   |                                                           | | ``a.end({3, 4})``                            |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | Iterating over ``a`` in a row-major fashion               | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``    |
+   |                                                           | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::row_major>()``    |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | Iterating over ``a`` in a column-major fashion            | | ``a.begin<xt::layout_type::column_major>()`` |
+   |                                                           | | ``a.end<xt::layout_type::column_major>()``   |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
 
 Logical
 -------
 
-Logical universal functions are truly lazy. ``xt::where(condition, a, b)`` does not evaluate ``a``
-where ``condition`` is falsy, and it does not evaluate ``b`` where ``condition`` is truthy.
-
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.where(a > 5, a, b) <numpy.where>`                         | ``xt::where(a > 5, a, b)``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.where(a > 5) <numpy.where>`                               | ``xt::where(a > 5)``                                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.argwhere(a > 5) <numpy.argwhere>`                         | ``xt::argwhere(a > 5)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.any(a) <numpy.any>`                                       | ``xt::any(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.all(a) <numpy.all>`                                       | ``xt::all(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.isin(a, b) <numpy.isin>`                                  | ``xt::isin(a, b)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.in1d(a, b) <numpy.in1d>`                                  | ``xt::in1d(a, b)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.logical_and(a, b) <numpy.logical_and>`                    | ``a && b``                                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.logical_or(a, b) <numpy.logical_or>`                      | ``a || b``                                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.isclose(a, b) <numpy.isclose>`                            | ``xt::isclose(a, b)``                                              |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.allclose(a, b) <numpy.allclose>`                          | ``xt::allclose(a, b)``                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`a = ~b <numpy.invert>`                                       | ``a = !b``                                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+Logical universal functions are truly lazy.
+:cpp:func:`xt::where(condition, a, b) <xt::where>` does not evaluate ``a`` where ``condition``
+is falsy, and it does not evaluate ``b`` where ``condition`` is truthy.
+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                     |                C++ 14 - xtensor                |
+   +=================================================+================================================+
+   | :any:`np.where(a > 5, a, b) <numpy.where>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::where(a > 5, a, b) <xt::where>` |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.where(a > 5) <numpy.where>`            | :cpp:func:`xt::where(a > 5) <xt::where>`       |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.argwhere(a > 5) <numpy.argwhere>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::argwhere(a > 5) <xt::argwhere>` |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.any(a) <numpy.any>`                    | :cpp:func:`xt::any(a) <xt::any>`               |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.all(a) <numpy.all>`                    | :cpp:func:`xt::all(a) <xt::all>`               |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.isin(a, b) <numpy.isin>`               | :cpp:func:`xt::isin(a, b) <xt::isin>`          |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.in1d(a, b) <numpy.in1d>`               | :cpp:func:`xt::in1d(a, b) <xt::in1d>`          |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.logical_and(a, b) <numpy.logical_and>` | ``a && b``                                     |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.logical_or(a, b) <numpy.logical_or>`   | ``a || b``                                     |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.isclose(a, b) <numpy.isclose>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::isclose(a, b) <xt::isclose>`    |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.allclose(a, b) <numpy.allclose>`       | :cpp:func:`xt::allclose(a, b) <xt::allclose>`  |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`a = ~b <numpy.invert>`                    | ``a = !b``                                     |
+   +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
 
 Indices
 -------
 
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                         |
-+=========================================================================+=========================================================================+
-| :any:`np.ravel_multi_index(indices, a.shape) <numpy.ravel_multi_index>` | ``xt::ravel_indices(indices, a.shape())``                               |
-+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                       |
+   +=========================================================================+=======================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.ravel_multi_index(indices, a.shape) <numpy.ravel_multi_index>` | :cpp:func:`xt::ravel_indices(indices, a.shape()) <xt::ravel_indices>` |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Comparisons
 -----------
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.equal(a, b) <numpy.equal>`                                | ``xt::equal(a, b)``                                                |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.not_equal(a, b) <numpy.not_equal>`                        | ``xt::not_equal(a, b)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.less(a, b) <numpy.less>`                                  || ``xt::less(a, b)``                                                |
-|                                                                    || ``a < b``                                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.less_equal(a, b) <numpy.less_equal>`                      || ``xt::less_equal(a, b)``                                          |
-|                                                                    || ``a <= b``                                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.greater(a, b) <numpy.greater>`                            || ``xt::greater(a, b)``                                             |
-|                                                                    || ``a > b``                                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.greater_equal(a, b) <numpy.greater_equal>`                || ``xt::greater_equal(a, b)``                                       |
-|                                                                    || ``a >= b``                                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.nonzero(a) <numpy.nonzero>`                               | ``xt::nonzero(a)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.flatnonzero(a) <numpy.flatnonzero>`                       | ``xt::flatnonzero(a)``                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                          |
+   +=====================================================+==========================================================+
+   | :any:`np.equal(a, b) <numpy.equal>`                 | :cpp:func:`xt::equal(a, b) <xt::equal>`                  |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.not_equal(a, b) <numpy.not_equal>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::not_equal(a, b) <xt::not_equal>`          |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.less(a, b) <numpy.less>`                   || :cpp:func:`xt::less(a, b) <xt::less>`                   |
+   |                                                     || ``a < b``                                               |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.less_equal(a, b) <numpy.less_equal>`       || :cpp:func:`xt::less_equal(a, b) <xt::less_equal>`       |
+   |                                                     || ``a <= b``                                              |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.greater(a, b) <numpy.greater>`             || :cpp:func:`xt::greater(a, b) <xt::greater>`             |
+   |                                                     || ``a > b``                                               |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.greater_equal(a, b) <numpy.greater_equal>` || :cpp:func:`xt::greater_equal(a, b) <xt::greater_equal>` |
+   |                                                     || ``a >= b``                                              |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.nonzero(a) <numpy.nonzero>`                | :cpp:func:`xt::nonzero(a) <xt::nonzero>`                 |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.flatnonzero(a) <numpy.flatnonzero>`        | :cpp:func:`xt::flatnonzero(a) <xt::flatnonzero>`         |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Minimum, Maximum, Sorting
 -------------------------
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.amin(a) <numpy.amin>`                                     | ``xt::amin(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.amax(a) <numpy.amax>`                                     | ``xt::amax(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.argmin(a) <numpy.argmin>`                                 | ``xt::argmin(a)``                                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.argmax(a, axis=1) <numpy.argmax>`                         | ``xt::argmax(a, 1)``                                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.sort(a, axis=1) <numpy.sort>`                             | ``xt::sort(a, 1)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.argsort(a, axis=1) <numpy.argsort>`                       | ``xt::argsort(a, 1)``                                              |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.unique(a) <numpy.unique>`                                 | ``xt::unique(a)``                                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <numpy.setdiff1d>`                    | ``xt::setdiff1d(ar1, ar2)``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.diff(a[, n, axis]) <numpy.diff>`                          | ``xt::diff(a[, n, axis])``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.partition(a, kth) <numpy.partition>`                      | ``xt::partition(a, kth)``                                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.argpartition(a, kth) <numpy.argpartition>`                | ``xt::argpartition(a, kth)``                                       |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.median(a, axis) <numpy.median>`                           | ``xt::median(a, axis)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                         |
+   +=====================================================+=========================================================+
+   | :any:`np.amin(a) <numpy.amin>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::amin(a) <xt::amin>`                      |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.amax(a) <numpy.amax>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::amax(a) <xt::amax>`                      |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.argmin(a) <numpy.argmin>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::argmin(a) <xt::argmin>`                  |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.argmax(a, axis=1) <numpy.argmax>`          | :cpp:func:`xt::argmax(a, 1) <xt::argmax>`               |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.sort(a, axis=1) <numpy.sort>`              | :cpp:func:`xt::sort(a, 1) <xt::sort>`                   |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.argsort(a, axis=1) <numpy.argsort>`        | :cpp:func:`xt::argsort(a, 1) <xt::argsort>`             |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.unique(a) <numpy.unique>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::unique(a) <xt::unique>`                  |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <numpy.setdiff1d>`     | :cpp:func:`xt::setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <xt::setdiff1d>`     |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.diff(a[, n, axis]) <numpy.diff>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::diff(a[, n, axis]) <xt::diff>`           |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.partition(a, kth) <numpy.partition>`       | :cpp:func:`xt::partition(a, kth) <xt::partition>`       |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.argpartition(a, kth) <numpy.argpartition>` | :cpp:func:`xt::argpartition(a, kth) <xt::argpartition>` |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.median(a, axis) <numpy.median>`            | :cpp:func:`xt::median(a, axis) <xt::median>`            |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Complex numbers
 ---------------
 
-Functions ``xt::real`` and ``xt::imag`` respectively return views on the real and imaginary part
-of a complex expression. The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed
-argument.
-
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.real(a) <numpy.real>`                                     | ``xt::real(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.imag(a) <numpy.imag>`                                     | ``xt::imag(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.conj(a) <numpy.conj>`                                     | ``xt::conj(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-- The constness and value category (rvalue / lvalue) of ``real(a)`` is the same as that of ``a``.
-  Hence, if ``a`` is a non-const lvalue, ``real(a)`` is an non-const lvalue reference, to which
+Functions :cpp:func:`xt::real` and :cpp:func:`xt::imag` respectively return views on the real and imaginary part
+of a complex expression.
+The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed argument.
+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy    |                C++ 14 - xtensor    |
+   +================================+====================================+
+   | :any:`np.real(a) <numpy.real>` | :cpp:func:`xt::real(a) <xt::real>` |
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.imag(a) <numpy.imag>` | :cpp:func:`xt::imag(a) <xt::imag>` |
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.conj(a) <numpy.conj>` | :cpp:func:`xt::conj(a) <xt::conj>` |
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
+
+- The constness and value category (rvalue / lvalue) of :cpp:func:`xt::real(a) <xt::real>` is the same as that of ``a``.
+  Hence, if ``a`` is a non-const lvalue, :cpp:func:`real(a) <xt::real>` is an non-const lvalue reference, to which
   one can assign a real expression.
-- If ``a`` has complex values, the same holds for ``imag(a)``. The constness and value category of
-  ``imag(a)`` is the same as that of ``a``.
-- If ``a`` has real values, ``imag(a)`` returns ``zeros(a.shape())``.
+- If ``a`` has complex values, the same holds for :cpp:func:`xt::imag(a) <xt::imag>`. The constness and value category of
+  :cpp:func:`xt::imag(a) <xt::imag>` is the same as that of ``a``.
+- If ``a`` has real values, :cpp:func:`xt::imag(a) <xt::imag>` returns :cpp:func:`xt::zeros(a.shape()) <xt::zeros>`.
 
 Reducers
 --------
@@ -418,45 +458,48 @@ Reducers accumulate values of tensor expressions along specified axes. When no a
 values are accumulated along all axes. Reducers are lazy, meaning that returned expressions don't
 hold any values and are computed upon access or assignment.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.sum(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.sum>`                          | ``xt::sum(a, {0, 1})``                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.sum(a, axis=1) <numpy.sum>`                               | ``xt::sum(a, 1)``                                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.sum(a) <numpy.sum>`                                       | ``xt::sum(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.prod(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.prod>`                        | ``xt::prod(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.prod(a, axis=1) <numpy.prod>`                             | ``xt::prod(a, 1)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.prod(a) <numpy.prod>`                                     | ``xt::prod(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.mean(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.mean>`                        | ``xt::mean(a, {0, 1})``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.mean(a, axis=1) <numpy.mean>`                             | ``xt::mean(a, 1)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.mean(a) <numpy.mean>`                                     | ``xt::mean(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.std(a, [axis]) <numpy.std>`                               | ``xt::stddev(a, [axis])``                                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.var(a, [axis]) <numpy.var>`                               | ``xt::variance(a, [axis])``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.trapz(a, dx=2.0, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`                  | ``xt::trapz(a, 2.0, -1)``                                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.trapz(a, x=b, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`                     | ``xt::trapz(a, b, -1)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.count_nonzero>`      | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, {0, 1})``                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=1) <numpy.count_nonzero>`           | ``xt::count_nonzero(a, 1)``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.count_nonzero(a) <numpy.count_nonzero>`                   | ``xt::count_nonzero(a)``                                           |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-More generally, one can use the ``xt::reduce(function, input, axes)`` which allows the specification
-of an arbitrary binary function for the reduction. The binary function must be commutative and
-associative up to rounding errors.
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor                              |
+   +===============================================================+==============================================================+
+   | :any:`np.sum(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.sum>`                     | :cpp:func:`xt::sum(a, {0, 1}) <xt::sum>`                     |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.sum(a, axis=1) <numpy.sum>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::sum(a, 1) <xt::sum>`                          |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.sum(a) <numpy.sum>`                                  | :cpp:func:`xt::sum(a) <xt::sum>`                             |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.prod(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.prod>`                   | :cpp:func:`xt::prod(a, {0, 1}) <xt::prod>`                   |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.prod(a, axis=1) <numpy.prod>`                        | :cpp:func:`xt::prod(a, 1) <xt::prod>`                        |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.prod(a) <numpy.prod>`                                | :cpp:func:`xt::prod(a) <xt::prod>`                           |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.mean(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.mean>`                   | :cpp:func:`xt::mean(a, {0, 1}) <xt::mean>`                   |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.mean(a, axis=1) <numpy.mean>`                        | :cpp:func:`xt::mean(a, 1) <xt::mean>`                        |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.mean(a) <numpy.mean>`                                | :cpp:func:`xt::mean(a) <xt::mean>`                           |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.std(a, [axis]) <numpy.std>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::stddev(a, [axis]) <xt::stddev>`               |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.var(a, [axis]) <numpy.var>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::variance(a, [axis]) <xt::variance>`           |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.trapz(a, dx=2.0, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`             | :cpp:func:`xt::trapz(a, 2.0, -1) <xt::trapz>`                |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.trapz(a, x=b, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`                | :cpp:func:`xt::trapz(a, b, -1) <xt::trapz>`                  |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.count_nonzero>` | :cpp:func:`xt::count_nonzero(a, {0, 1}) <xt::count_nonzero>` |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.count_nonzero(a, axis=1) <numpy.count_nonzero>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::count_nonzero(a, 1) <xt::count_nonzero>`      |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.count_nonzero(a) <numpy.count_nonzero>`              | :cpp:func:`xt::count_nonzero(a) <xt::count_nonzero>`         |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+More generally, one can use the :cpp:func:`xt::reduce(function, input, axes) <xt::reduce>` which allows the specification
+of an arbitrary binary function for the reduction.
+The binary function must be commutative and associative up to rounding errors.
 
 I/O
 ---
@@ -465,31 +508,37 @@ I/O
 
 These options determine the way floating point numbers, tensors and other xtensor expressions are displayed.
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.set_printoptions(precision=4) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | ``xt::print_options::set_precision(4)``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.set_printoptions(threshold=5) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | ``xt::print_options::set_threshold(5)``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=3) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | ``xt::print_options::set_edgeitems(3)``                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.set_printoptions(linewidth=100) <numpy.set_printoptions>` | ``xt::print_options::set_line_width(100)``                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                                        |
+   +====================================================================+========================================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.set_printoptions(precision=4) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | :cpp:func:`xt::print_options::set_precision(4) <xt::print_options::set_precision>`     |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.set_printoptions(threshold=5) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | :cpp:func:`xt::print_options::set_threshold(5) <xt::print_options::set_threshold>`     |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=3) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | :cpp:func:`xt::print_options::set_edgeitems(3) <xt::print_options::set_edgeitems>`     |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.set_printoptions(linewidth=100) <numpy.set_printoptions>` | :cpp:func:`xt::print_options::set_line_width(100) <xt::print_options::set_line_width>` |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Reading npy, csv file formats**
 
-Functions ``load_csv`` and ``dump_csv`` respectively take input and output streams as arguments.
+Functions :cpp:func:`xt::load_csv` and :cpp:func:`xt::dump_csv` respectively take input and output streams as arguments.
+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.load(filename) <numpy.load>`                              | ``xt::load_npy<double>(filename)``                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.save(filename, arr) <numpy.save>`                         | ``xt::dump_npy(filename, arr)``                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.loadtxt(filename, delimiter=',') <numpy.loadtxt>`         | ``xt::load_csv<double>(stream)``                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                                |                C++ 14 - xtensor                             |
+   +============================================================+=============================================================+
+   | :any:`np.load(filename) <numpy.load>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::load_npy\<double\>(filename) <xt::load_npy>` |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.save(filename, arr) <numpy.save>`                 | :cpp:func:`xt::dump_npy(filename, arr) <xt::dump_npy>`      |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.loadtxt(filename, delimiter=',') <numpy.loadtxt>` | :cpp:func:`xt::load_csv\<double\>(stream) <xt::load_csv>`   |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Mathematical functions
 ----------------------
@@ -498,136 +547,163 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
 
 **Basic functions:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.absolute(a) <numpy.absolute>`                             | ``xt::abs(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.sign(a) <numpy.sign>`                                     | ``xt::sign(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.remainder(a, b) <numpy.remainder>`                        | ``xt::remainder(a, b)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.minimum(a, b) <numpy.minimum>`                            | ``xt::minimum(a, b)``                                              |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.maximum(a, b) <numpy.maximum>`                            | ``xt::maximum(a, b)``                                              |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.clip(a, min, max) <numpy.clip>`                           | ``xt::clip(a, min, max)``                                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|                                                                    | ``xt::fma(a, b, c)``                                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right]) <numpy.interp>`         | ``xt::interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right])``                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.rad2deg(a) <numpy.rad2deg>`                               | ``xt::rad2deg(a)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.degrees(a) <numpy.degrees>`                               | ``xt::degrees(a)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.deg2rad(a) <numpy.deg2rad>`                               | ``xt::deg2rad(a)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.radians(a) <numpy.radians>`                               | ``xt::radians(a)``                                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                                |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                |
+   +============================================================+================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.absolute(a) <numpy.absolute>`                     | :cpp:func:`xt::abs(a) <xt::abs>`                               |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.sign(a) <numpy.sign>`                             | :cpp:func:`xt::sign(a) <xt::sign>`                             |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.remainder(a, b) <numpy.remainder>`                | :cpp:func:`xt::remainder(a, b) <xt::remainder>`                |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.minimum(a, b) <numpy.minimum>`                    | :cpp:func:`xt::minimum(a, b) <xt::minimum>`                    |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.maximum(a, b) <numpy.maximum>`                    | :cpp:func:`xt::maximum(a, b) <xt::maximum>`                    |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.clip(a, min, max) <numpy.clip>`                   | :cpp:func:`xt::clip(a, min, max) <xt::clip>`                   |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |                                                            | :cpp:func:`xt::fma(a, b, c) <xt::fma>`                         |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right]) <numpy.interp>` | :cpp:func:`xt::interp(x, xp, fp, [,left, right]) <xt::interp>` |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.rad2deg(a) <numpy.rad2deg>`                       | :cpp:func:`xt::rad2deg(a) <xt::rad2deg>`                       |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.degrees(a) <numpy.degrees>`                       | :cpp:func:`xt::degrees(a) <xt::degrees>`                       |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.deg2rad(a) <numpy.deg2rad>`                       | :cpp:func:`xt::deg2rad(a) <xt::deg2rad>`                       |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.radians(a) <numpy.radians>`                       | :cpp:func:`xt::radians(a) <xt::radians>`                       |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Exponential functions:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.exp(a) <numpy.exp>`                                       | ``xt::exp(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.expm1(a) <numpy.expm1>`                                   | ``xt::expm1(a)``                                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.log(a) <numpy.log>`                                       | ``xt::log(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.log1p(a) <numpy.log1p>`                                   | ``xt::log1p(a)``                                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +----------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy      |                C++ 14 - xtensor      |
+   +==================================+======================================+
+   | :any:`np.exp(a) <numpy.exp>`     | :cpp:func:`xt::exp(a) <xt::exp>`     |
+   +----------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.expm1(a) <numpy.expm1>` | :cpp:func:`xt::expm1(a) <xt::expm1>` |
+   +----------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.log(a) <numpy.log>`     | :cpp:func:`xt::log(a) <xt::log>`     |
+   +----------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.log1p(a) <numpy.log1p>` | :cpp:func:`xt::log1p(a) <xt::log1p>` |
+   +----------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
 
 **Power functions:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.power(a, p) <numpy.power>`                                | ``xt::pow(a, b)``                                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.sqrt(a) <numpy.sqrt>`                                     | ``xt::sqrt(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.square(a) <numpy.square>`                                 | ``xt::square(a)``                                                  |
-|                                                                    | ``xt::cube(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.cbrt(a) <numpy.cbrt>`                                     | ``xt::cbrt(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy         |                C++ 14 - xtensor        |
+   +=====================================+========================================+
+   | :any:`np.power(a, p) <numpy.power>` | :cpp:func:`xt::pow(a, b) <xt::pow>`    |
+   +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.sqrt(a) <numpy.sqrt>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::sqrt(a) <xt::sqrt>`     |
+   +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.square(a) <numpy.square>`  | :cpp:func:`xt::square(a) <xt::square>` |
+   |                                     | :cpp:func:`xt::cube(a) <xt::cube>`     |
+   +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.cbrt(a) <numpy.cbrt>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::cbrt(a) <xt::cbrt>`     |
+   +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
 
 **Trigonometric functions:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.sin(a) <numpy.sin>`                                       | ``xt::sin(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.cos(a) <numpy.cos>`                                       | ``xt::cos(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.tan(a) <numpy.tan>`                                       | ``xt::tan(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy  |                C++ 14 - xtensor  |
+   +==============================+==================================+
+   | :any:`np.sin(a) <numpy.sin>` | :cpp:func:`xt::sin(a) <xt::sin>` |
+   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.cos(a) <numpy.cos>` | :cpp:func:`xt::cos(a) <xt::cos>` |
+   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.tan(a) <numpy.tan>` | :cpp:func:`xt::tan(a) <xt::tan>` |
+   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
 
 **Hyperbolic functions:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.sinh(a) <numpy.sinh>`                                     | ``xt::sinh(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.cosh(a) <numpy.cosh>`                                     | ``xt::cosh(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.tanh(a) <numpy.tanh>`                                     | ``xt::tanh(a)``                                                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy    |                C++ 14 - xtensor    |
+   +================================+====================================+
+   | :any:`np.sinh(a) <numpy.sinh>` | :cpp:func:`xt::sinh(a) <xt::sinh>` |
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.cosh(a) <numpy.cosh>` | :cpp:func:`xt::cosh(a) <xt::cosh>` |
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.tanh(a) <numpy.tanh>` | :cpp:func:`xt::tanh(a) <xt::tanh>` |
+   +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
 
 **Error and gamma functions:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`scipy.special.erf(a) <scipy.special.erf>`                    | ``xt::erf(a)``                                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`scipy.special.gamma(a) <scipy.special.gamma>`                | ``xt::tgamma(a)``                                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`scipy.special.gammaln(a) <scipy.special.gammaln>`            | ``xt::lgamma(a)``                                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor        |
+   +=========================================================+========================================+
+   | :any:`scipy.special.erf(a) <scipy.special.erf>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::erf(a) <xt::erf>`       |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`scipy.special.gamma(a) <scipy.special.gamma>`     | :cpp:func:`xt::tgamma(a) <xt::tgamma>` |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`scipy.special.gammaln(a) <scipy.special.gammaln>` | :cpp:func:`xt::lgamma(a) <xt::lgamma>` |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
 
 **Classification functions:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.isnan(a) <numpy.isnan>`                                   | ``xt::isnan(a)``                                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.isinf(a) <numpy.isinf>`                                   | ``xt::isinf(a)``                                                   |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.isfinite(a) <numpy.isfinite>`                             | ``xt::isfinite(a)``                                                |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.searchsorted(a, v[, side]) <numpy.searchsorted>`          | ``xt::searchsorted(a, v[, right])``                                |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |            Python 3 - numpy                               |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                |
+   +===========================================================+================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.isnan(a) <numpy.isnan>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::isnan(a) <xt::isnan>`                           |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.isinf(a) <numpy.isinf>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::isinf(a) <xt::isinf>`                           |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.isfinite(a) <numpy.isfinite>`                    | :cpp:func:`xt::isfinite(a) <xt::isfinite>`                     |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.searchsorted(a, v[, side]) <numpy.searchsorted>` | :cpp:func:`xt::searchsorted(a, v[, right]) <xt::searchsorted>` |
+   +-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Histogram:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|                           Python 3 - numpy                                                                   |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                                                   |
-+==============================================================================================================+==============================================================================================================+
-| :any:`np.histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density]) <numpy.histogram>`                                         | ``xt::histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density])``                                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode]) <numpy.histogram_bin_edges>` | ``xt::histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode])``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.bincount(arr) <numpy.bincount>`                                                                     | ``xt::bincount(arr)``                                                                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.digitize(data, bin_edges[, right]) <numpy.digitize>`                                                | ``xt::digitize(data, bin_edges[, right][, assume_sorted])``                                                  |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |                           Python 3 - numpy                                                                   |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                                                       |
+   +==============================================================================================================+==================================================================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density]) <numpy.histogram>`                                         | :cpp:func:`xt::histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density]) <xt::histogram>`                                         |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode]) <numpy.histogram_bin_edges>` | :cpp:func:`xt::histogram_bin_edges(a, bins[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode]) <xt::histogram_bin_edges>` |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.bincount(arr) <numpy.bincount>`                                                                     | :cpp:func:`xt::bincount(arr) <xt::bincount>`                                                                     |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.digitize(data, bin_edges[, right]) <numpy.digitize>`                                                | :cpp:func:`xt::digitize(data, bin_edges[, right][, assume_sorted]) <xt::digitize>`                               |
+   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 See :ref:`histogram`.
 
 **Numerical constants:**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|                           Python 3 - numpy                         |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                         |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`numpy.pi`                                                    | ``xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;``                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | Python 3 - numpy | C++ 14 - xtensor                                                           |
+   +==================+============================================================================+
+   | :any:`numpy.pi`  | :cpp:var:`xt::numeric_constants\<double\>::PI <xt::numeric_constants::PI>` |
+   +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 Linear algebra
 --------------
@@ -636,88 +712,103 @@ Many functions found in the :any:`numpy.linalg` module are implemented in `xtens
 as well as a convenient interface replicating the ``linalg`` module.
 
 Please note, however, that while we're trying to be as close to NumPy as possible, some features are not
-implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except for ``dot``.
+implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except for :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::dot`.
 
 
 **Matrix, vector and tensor products**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|              Python 3 - numpy                                      |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.dot(a, b) <numpy.dot>`                                    | ``xt::linalg::dot(a, b)``                                          |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.vdot(a, b) <numpy.vdot>`                                  | ``xt::linalg::vdot(a, b)``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.outer(a, b) <numpy.outer>`                                | ``xt::linalg::outer(a, b)``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.matrix_power(a, 123) <numpy.linalg.matrix_power>`  | ``xt::linalg::matrix_power(a, 123)``                               |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.kron(a, b) <numpy.kron>`                                  | ``xt::linalg::kron(a, b)``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.tensordot(a, b, axes=3) <numpy.tensordot>`                | ``xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, 3)``                                 |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.tensordot(a, b, axes=((0,2),(1,3)) <numpy.tensordot>`     | ``xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, {0, 2}, {1, 3})``                    |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |              Python 3 - numpy                                     |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                                  |
+   +===================================================================+=================================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.dot(a, b) <numpy.dot>`                                   | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::dot(a, b) <xt::linalg::dot>`                             |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.vdot(a, b) <numpy.vdot>`                                 | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::vdot(a, b) <xt::linalg::vdot>`                           |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.outer(a, b) <numpy.outer>`                               | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::outer(a, b) <xt::linalg::outer>`                         |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.matrix_power(a, 123) <numpy.linalg.matrix_power>` | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::matrix_power(a, 123) <xt::linalg::matrix_power>`         |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.kron(a, b) <numpy.kron>`                                 | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::kron(a, b) <xt::linalg::kron>`                           |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.tensordot(a, b, axes=3) <numpy.tensordot>`               | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, 3) <xt::linalg::tensordot>`              |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.tensordot(a, b, axes=((0,2),(1,3)) <numpy.tensordot>`    | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::tensordot(a, b, {0, 2}, {1, 3}) <xt::linalg::tensordot>` |
+   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 
 **Decompositions**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|       Python 3 - numpy                                             |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.linalg.cholesky(a) <numpy.linalg.cholesky>`               | ``xt::linalg::cholesky(a)``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.qr(a) <numpy.linalg.qr>`                           | ``xt::linalg::qr(a)``                                              |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.svd(a) <numpy.linalg.svd>`                         | ``xt::linalg::svd(a)``                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |       Python 3 - numpy                               |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
+   +======================================================+============================================================+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.cholesky(a) <numpy.linalg.cholesky>` | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::cholesky(a) <xt::linalg::cholesky>` |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.qr(a) <numpy.linalg.qr>`             | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::qr(a) <xt::linalg::qr>`             |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.svd(a) <numpy.linalg.svd>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::svd(a) <xt::linalg::svd>`           |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 
 **Matrix eigenvalues**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|       Python 3 - numpy                                             |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                             |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.linalg.eig(a) <numpy.linalg.eig>`                         | ``xt::linalg::eig(a)``                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.eigvals(a) <numpy.linalg.eigvals>`                 | ``xt::linalg::eigvals(a)``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.eigh(a) <numpy.linalg.eigh>`                       | ``xt::linalg::eigh(a)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.eigvalsh(a) <numpy.linalg.eigvalsh>`               | ``xt::linalg::eigvalsh(a)``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |       Python 3 - numpy                               |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
+   +======================================================+============================================================+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.eig(a) <numpy.linalg.eig>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::eig(a) <xt::linalg::eig>`           |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.eigvals(a) <numpy.linalg.eigvals>`   | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::eigvals(a) <xt::linalg::eigvals>`   |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.eigh(a) <numpy.linalg.eigh>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::eigh(a) <xt::linalg::eigh>`         |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.eigvalsh(a) <numpy.linalg.eigvalsh>` | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::eigvalsh(a) <xt::linalg::eigvalsh>` |
+   +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Norms and other numbers**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|        Python 3 - numpy                                            |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                            |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.linalg.norm(a, order=2) <numpy.linalg.norm>`              | ``xt::linalg::norm(a, 2)``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.cond(a) <numpy.linalg.cond>`                       | ``xt::linalg::cond(a)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.det(a) <numpy.linalg.det>`                         | ``xt::linalg::det(a)``                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.matrix_rank(a) <numpy.linalg.matrix_rank>`         | ``xt::linalg::matrix_rank(a)``                                     |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.slogdet(a) <numpy.linalg.slogdet>`                 | ``xt::linalg::slogdet(a)``                                         |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.trace(a) <numpy.trace>`                                   | ``xt::linalg::trace(a)``                                           |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   |        Python 3 - numpy                                    |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                          |
+   +============================================================+==================================================================+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.norm(a, order=2) <numpy.linalg.norm>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::norm(a, 2) <xt::linalg::norm>`            |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.cond(a) <numpy.linalg.cond>`               | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::cond(a) <xt::linalg::cond>`               |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.det(a) <numpy.linalg.det>`                 | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::det(a) <xt::linalg::det>`                 |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.matrix_rank(a) <numpy.linalg.matrix_rank>` | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::matrix_rank(a) <xt::linalg::matrix_rank>` |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.slogdet(a) <numpy.linalg.slogdet>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::slogdet(a) <xt::linalg::slogdet>`         |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.trace(a) <numpy.trace>`                           | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::trace(a) <xt::linalg::trace>`             |
+   +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 **Solving equations and inverting matrices**
 
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|        Python 3 - numpy                                            |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                            |
-+====================================================================+====================================================================+
-| :any:`np.linalg.inv(a) <numpy.linalg.inv>`                         | ``xt::linalg::inv(a)``                                             |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.pinv(a) <numpy.linalg.pinv>`                       | ``xt::linalg::pinv(a)``                                            |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.solve(A, b) <numpy.linalg.solve>`                  | ``xt::linalg::solve(A, b)``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :any:`np.linalg.lstsq(A, b) <numpy.linalg.lstsq>`                  | ``xt::linalg::lstsq(A, b)``                                        |
-+--------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   |        Python 3 - numpy                           |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                 |
+   +===================================================+=========================================================+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.inv(a) <numpy.linalg.inv>`        | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::inv(a) <xt::linalg::inv>`        |
+   +---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.pinv(a) <numpy.linalg.pinv>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::pinv(a) <xt::linalg::pinv>`      |
+   +---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.solve(A, b) <numpy.linalg.solve>` | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::solve(A, b) <xt::linalg::solve>` |
+   +---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.linalg.lstsq(A, b) <numpy.linalg.lstsq>` | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::lstsq(A, b) <xt::linalg::lstsq>` |
+   +---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
 
 
 .. _`xtensor-blas`: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-blas
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 933801cb0..2fc964eff 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -648,6 +648,12 @@ namespace xt
         return storage()[i];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position in the containter
+     * storage (as if it was one dimensional).
+     * @param i index specifying the position in the storage.
+     * Must be smaller than the number of elements in the container.
+     */
     template <class D>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
     {
@@ -655,6 +661,12 @@ namespace xt
         return storage()[i];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position in the containter
+     * storage (as if it was one dimensional).
+     * @param i index specifying the position in the storage.
+     * Must be smaller than the number of elements in the container.
+     */
     template <class D>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
     {

From 4d43375ef7dab64fa4b7dd14c2fcda502b9dbac9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Aug 2021 12:06:15 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 310/606] Add cross reference in api/xmath.rst

---
 docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst  |   4 +-
 docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst         |  12 -
 docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst       |   5 -
 docs/source/api/error_functions.rst         |   4 -
 docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst   |   7 -
 docs/source/api/index_related.rst           |   4 -
 docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst           |  10 -
 docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst      |   6 -
 docs/source/api/operators.rst               |  33 --
 docs/source/api/power_functions.rst         |   4 -
 docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst      |  22 +-
 docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst |   7 -
 docs/source/api/xmath.rst                   | 521 +++++++++++---------
 13 files changed, 284 insertions(+), 355 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
index 64ed2bdbf..282df5c31 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
@@ -11,16 +11,14 @@ Accumulating functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _cumsum-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumsum(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumsum(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _cumprod-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumprod(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumprod(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
\ No newline at end of file
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
index 6fc54a6c1..9bf7c2f60 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
@@ -11,51 +11,39 @@ Basic functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _abs-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: abs(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _fabs-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: fabs(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _fmod-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: fmod(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _remainder-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: remainder(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _fma-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: fma(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _maximum-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: maximum(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _minimum-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: minimum(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _fmax-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: fmax(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _fmin-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: fmin(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _fdim-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: fdim(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _clip-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: clip(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _sign-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: sign(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
index 6cbf6a7cb..3ffdf163b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
@@ -11,23 +11,18 @@ Classification functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _isfinite-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: isfinite(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _isinf-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: isinf(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _isnan-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: isnan(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _isclose-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: isclose(E1&&, E2&&, double, double, bool)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _allclose-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: allclose(E1&&, E2&, double, double)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
index 350d9cb0b..dd620f167 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
@@ -11,19 +11,15 @@ Error and gamma functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _erf-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: erf(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _erfc-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: erfc(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _tgamma-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: tgamma(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _lgamma-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: lgamma(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
index ce082d3c1..85548081c 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
@@ -11,31 +11,24 @@ Exponential functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _exp-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: exp(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _exp2-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: exp2(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _expm1-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: expm1(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _log-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: log(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _log2-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: log2(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _log10-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: log10(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _log1p-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: log1p(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
index 8205b9b72..7e3428fe3 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
@@ -9,18 +9,14 @@ Index related functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xoperation.hpp``
 
-.. _wherec-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: where(const T&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nonzero-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nonzero(const T&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _argwhere-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: argwhere
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _frindices-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: from_indices
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
index 2cc41db02..2ea203523 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
@@ -11,46 +11,36 @@ NaN functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _nan-to-num-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nan_to_num(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nanmin-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanmin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nanmax-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanmax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nansum-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nansum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nanmean-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanmean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nanvar-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanvar(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nanstd-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanstd(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nanprod-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanprod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nancumsum-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nancumsum(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nancumsum(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nancumprod-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nancumprod(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
index 02340039a..5998dd61a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
@@ -11,27 +11,21 @@ Nearest integer floating point operations
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _ceil-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: ceil(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _floor-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: floor(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _trunc-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: trunc(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _round-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: round(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nearbyint-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: nearbyint(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _rint-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: rint(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/operators.rst b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
index a8129d28d..b11cb6676 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/operators.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
@@ -9,134 +9,101 @@ Operators and related functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp`` and ``xtensor/xoperation.hpp``
 
-.. _identity-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator+(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _neg-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator-(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _plus-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator+(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _minus-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator-(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _mul-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator*(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _div-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator/(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _or-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator||(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _and-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator&&(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _not-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator!(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _where-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: where(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _any-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: any(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _all-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: all(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _less-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator<(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _less-eq-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator<=(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _greater-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator>(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _greater-eq-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator>=(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _equal-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator==(const xexpression<E1>&, const xexpression<E2>&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nequal-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator!=(const xexpression<E1>&, const xexpression<E2>&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _equal-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: equal(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nequal-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: not_equal(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _less-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: less(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _less-eq-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: less_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _greater-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: greater(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _greate-eq-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: greater_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _bitwise-and-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator&(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _bitwise-or-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator|(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _bitwise-xor-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator^(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _bitwise-not-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator~(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _left-shift-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: left_shift(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _right-shift-fn-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: right_shift(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _left-sh-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator<<(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _right-sh-op-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator>>(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _cast-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: cast(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
index 45d53e95f..783715642 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ Power functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _pow-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: pow(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
@@ -25,15 +24,12 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: cube(E1&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _sqrt-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: sqrt(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _cbrt-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: cbrt(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _hypot-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: hypot(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
index 643cf7b13..e6bf42313 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
@@ -14,101 +14,85 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 .. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _sum-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _prod-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _mean-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
+.. doxygenfunction:: average(E&&, EVS)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _variance-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, const D&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _stddev-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _diff-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: diff(const xexpression<T>&, unsigned int, std::ptrdiff_t)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _amax-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _amin-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _trapz-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: trapz(const xexpression<T>&, double, std::ptrdiff_t)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _trapz-function-reference2:
 .. doxygenfunction:: trapz(const xexpression<T>&, const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
    :project: xtensor
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xnorm.hpp``
 
-.. _norm-l0-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_l0(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _norm-l1-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_l1(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _norm-sq-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_sq(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _norm-l2-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_l2(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _norm-linf-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_linf(E&&, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nlptop-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_lp_to_p(E&&, double, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _norm-lp-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_lp(E&&, double, X&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nind-l1-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_induced_l1(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _nilinf-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_induced_linf(E&&, EVS)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
index 84ae190c2..8aa138965 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
@@ -11,31 +11,24 @@ Trigonometric functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _sin-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: sin(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _cos-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: cos(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _tan-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: tan(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _asin-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: asin(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _acos-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: acos(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _atan-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: atan(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _atan2-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: atan2(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
index d2b8ef0fa..7df6626f6 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
@@ -33,304 +33,343 @@ Mathematical functions
 
    operators
 
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator+ <identity-op-ref>`      | identity                                 |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator- <neg-op-ref>`           | opposite                                 |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator+ <plus-op-ref>`          | addition                                 |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator- <minus-op-ref>`         | substraction                             |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator* <mul-op-ref>`           | multiplication                           |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator/ <div-op-ref>`           | division                                 |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator|| <or-op-ref>`           | logical or                               |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator&& <and-op-ref>`          | logical and                              |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator! <not-op-ref>`           | logical not                              |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`where <where-op-ref>`             | ternary selection                        |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`any <any-op-ref>`                 | return true if any value is truthy       |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`all <all-op-ref>`                 | return true if all the values are truthy |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator\< <less-op-ref>`         | element-wise lesser than                 |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator\<= <less-eq-op-ref>`     | element-wise less or equal               |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator> <greater-op-ref>`       | element-wise greater than                |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator>= <greater-eq-op-ref>`   | element-wise greater or equal            |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator== <equal-op-ref>`        | expression equality                      |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator!= <nequal-op-ref>`       | expression inequality                    |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`equal <equal-fn-ref>`             | element-wise equality                    |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`not_equal <nequal-fn-ref>`        | element-wise inequality                  |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`less <less-fn-ref>`               | element-wise lesser than                 |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`less_equal <less-eq-fn-ref>`      | element-wise less or equal               |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`greater <greater-fn-ref>`         | element-wise greater than                |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`greater_equal <greate-eq-fn-ref>` | element-wise greater or equal            |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`cast <cast-ref>`                  | element-wise `static_cast`               |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator& <bitwise-and-op-ref>`   | bitwise and                              |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator| <bitwise-or-op-ref>`    | bitwise or                               |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator^ <bitwise-xor-op-ref>`   | bitwise xor                              |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator~ <bitwise-not-op-ref>`   | bitwise not                              |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`left_shift <left-shift-fn-ref>`   | bitwise shift left                       |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`right_shift <right-shift-fn-ref>` | bitwise shift right                      |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator\<\< <left-sh-op-ref>`    | bitwise shift left                       |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`operator\>\> <right-sh-op-ref>`   | bitwise shift right                      |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator+`     | identity                                 |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator-`     | opposite                                 |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator+`     | addition                                 |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator-`     | substraction                             |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator*`     | multiplication                           |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator/`     | division                                 |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator||`    | logical or                               |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator&&`    | logical and                              |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator!`     | logical not                              |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::where`         | ternary selection                        |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::any`           | return true if any value is truthy       |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::all`           | return true if all the values are truthy |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator\<`    | element-wise lesser than                 |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator\<=`   | element-wise less or equal               |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator>`     | element-wise greater than                |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator>=`    | element-wise greater or equal            |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator==`    | expression equality                      |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator!=`    | expression inequality                    |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::equal`         | element-wise equality                    |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::not_equal`     | element-wise inequality                  |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::less`          | element-wise lesser than                 |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::less_equal`    | element-wise less or equal               |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::greater`       | element-wise greater than                |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::greater_equal` | element-wise greater or equal            |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cast`          | element-wise `static_cast`               |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator&`     | bitwise and                              |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator|`     | bitwise or                               |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator^`     | bitwise xor                              |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator~`     | bitwise not                              |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::left_shift`    | bitwise shift left                       |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::right_shift`   | bitwise shift right                      |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator\<\<`  | bitwise shift left                       |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::operator\>\>`  | bitwise shift right                      |
+   +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    index_related
 
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`where <wherec-op-ref>`            | indices selection                        |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`nonzero <nonzero-op-ref>`         | indices selection                        |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`argwhere <argwhere-op-ref>`       | indices selection                        |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`from_indices <frindices-op-ref>`  | biulder from indices                     |
-+-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::where`        | indices selection    |
+   +------------------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nonzero`      | indices selection    |
+   +------------------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::argwhere`     | indices selection    |
+   +------------------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::from_indices` | biulder from indices |
+   +------------------------------+----------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    basic_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`abs <abs-function-reference>`   | absolute value                                     |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`fabs <fabs-function-reference>` | absolute value                                     |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`fmod <fmod-function-reference>` | remainder of the floating point division operation |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`remainder <remainder-func-ref>` | signed remainder of the division operation         |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`fma <fma-function-reference>`   | fused multiply-add operation                       |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`minimum <minimum-func-ref>`     | element-wise minimum                               |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`maximum <maximum-func-ref>`     | element-wise maximum                               |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`fmin <fmin-function-reference>` | element-wise minimum for floating point values     |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`fmax <fmax-function-reference>` | element-wise maximum for floating point values     |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`fdim <fdim-function-reference>` | element-wise positive difference                   |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`clip <clip-function-reference>` | element-wise clipping operation                    |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`sign <sign-function-reference>` | element-wise indication of the sign                |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::abs`       | absolute value                                     |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::fabs`      | absolute value                                     |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::fmod`      | remainder of the floating point division operation |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::remainder` | signed remainder of the division operation         |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::fma`       | fused multiply-add operation                       |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::minimum`   | element-wise minimum                               |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::maximum`   | element-wise maximum                               |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::fmin`      | element-wise minimum for floating point values     |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::fmax`      | element-wise maximum for floating point values     |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::fdim`      | element-wise positive difference                   |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::clip`      | element-wise clipping operation                    |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::sign`      | element-wise indication of the sign                |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    exponential_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`exp <exp-function-reference>`   | natural exponential function                       |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`exp2 <exp2-function-reference>` | base 2 exponential function                        |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`expm1 <expm1-func-ref>`         | natural exponential function, minus one            |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`log <log-function-reference>`   | natural logarithm function                         |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`log2 <log2-function-reference>` | base 2 logarithm function                          |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`log10 <log10-func-ref>`         | base 10 logarithm function                         |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`log1p <log1p-func-ref>`         | natural logarithm of one plus function             |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::exp`   | natural exponential function            |
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::exp2`  | base 2 exponential function             |
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::expm1` | natural exponential function, minus one |
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::log`   | natural logarithm function              |
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::log2`  | base 2 logarithm function               |
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::log10` | base 10 logarithm function              |
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::log1p` | natural logarithm of one plus function  |
+   +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    power_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`pow <pow-function-reference>`   | power function                                     |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`sqrt <sqrt-function-reference>` | square root function                               |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`cbrt <cbrt-function-reference>` | cubic root function                                |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`hypot <hypot-func-ref>`         | hypotenuse function                                |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::pow`   | power function       |
+   +-----------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::sqrt`  | square root function |
+   +-----------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cbrt`  | cubic root function  |
+   +-----------------------+----------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::hypot` | hypotenuse function  |
+   +-----------------------+----------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    trigonometric_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`sin <sin-function-reference>`   | sine function                                      |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`cos <cos-function-reference>`   | cosine function                                    |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`tan <tan-function-reference>`   | tangent function                                   |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`asin <asin-function-reference>` | arc sine function                                  |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`acos <acos-function-reference>` | arc cosine function                                |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`atan <atan-function-reference>` | arc tangent function                               |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`atan2 <atan2-func-ref>`         | arc tangent function, determining quadrants        |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::sin`   | sine function                               |
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cos`   | cosine function                             |
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::tan`   | tangent function                            |
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::asin`  | arc sine function                           |
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::acos`  | arc cosine function                         |
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::atan`  | arc tangent function                        |
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::atan2` | arc tangent function, determining quadrants |
+   +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    hyperbolic_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`sinh <sinh-function-reference>` | hyperbolic sine function                           |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`cosh <cosh-function-reference>` | hyperbolic cosine function                         |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`tanh <tanh-function-reference>` | hyperbolic tangent function                        |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`asinh <asinh-func-ref>`         | inverse hyperbolic sine function                   |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`acosh <acosh-func-ref>`         | inverse hyperbolic cosine function                 |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`atanh <atanh-func-ref>`         | inverse hyperbolic tangent function                |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::sinh`  | hyperbolic sine function            |
+   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cosh`  | hyperbolic cosine function          |
+   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::tanh`  | hyperbolic tangent function         |
+   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::asinh` | inverse hyperbolic sine function    |
+   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::acosh` | inverse hyperbolic cosine function  |
+   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::atanh` | inverse hyperbolic tangent function |
+   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    error_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`erf <erf-function-reference>`   | error function                                     |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`erfc <erfc-function-reference>` | complementary error function                       |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`tgamma <tgamma-func-ref>`       | gamma function                                     |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`lgamma <lgamma-func-ref>`       | natural logarithm of the gamma function            |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::erf`    | error function                          |
+   +------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::erfc`   | complementary error function            |
+   +------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::tgamma` | gamma function                          |
+   +------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::lgamma` | natural logarithm of the gamma function |
+   +------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    nearint_operations
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`ceil <ceil-function-reference>` | nearest integers not less                          |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`floor <floor-func-ref>`         | nearest integers not greater                       |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`trunc <trunc-func-ref>`         | nearest integers not greater in magnitude          |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`round <round-func-ref>`         | nearest integers, rounding away from zero          |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`nearbyint <nearbyint-func-ref>` | nearest integers using current rounding mode       |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`rint <rint-function-reference>` | nearest integers using current rounding mode       |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::ceil`      | nearest integers not less                    |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::floor`     | nearest integers not greater                 |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::trunc`     | nearest integers not greater in magnitude    |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::round`     | nearest integers, rounding away from zero    |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nearbyint` | nearest integers using current rounding mode |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::rint`      | nearest integers using current rounding mode |
+   +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    classif_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`isfinite <isfinite-func-ref>`   | checks for finite values                           |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`isinf <isinf-func-ref>`         | checks for infinite values                         |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`isnan <isnan-func-ref>`         | checks for NaN values                              |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`isclose <isclose-func-ref>`     | element-wise closeness detection                   |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`allclose <allclose-func-ref>`   | closeness reduction                                |
-+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::isfinite` | checks for finite values         |
+   +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::isinf`    | checks for infinite values       |
+   +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::isnan`    | checks for NaN values            |
+   +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::isclose`  | element-wise closeness detection |
+   +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::allclose` | closeness reduction              |
+   +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    reducing_functions
 
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`sum <sum-function-reference>`           | sum of elements over given axes                                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`prod <prod-function-reference>`         | product of elements over given axes                                 |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`mean <mean-function-reference>`         | mean of elements over given axes                                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`average <average-function-reference>`   | weighted average along the specified axis                           |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`variance <variance-function-reference>` | variance of elements over given axes                                |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`stddev <stddev-function-reference>`     | standard deviation of elements over given axes                      |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`diff <diff-function-reference>`         | Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`amax <amax-function-reference>`         | amax of elements over given axes                                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`amin <amin-function-reference>`         | amin of elements over given axes                                    |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`trapz <trapz-function-reference>`       | Integrate along the given axis using the composite trapezoidal rule |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_l0 <norm-l0-func-ref>`             | L0 pseudo-norm over given axes                                      |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_l1 <norm-l1-func-ref>`             | L1 norm over given axes                                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_sq <norm-sq-func-ref>`             | Squared L2 norm over given axes                                     |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_l2 <norm-l2-func-ref>`             | L2 norm over given axes                                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_linf <norm-linf-func-ref>`         | Infinity norm over given axes                                       |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_lp_to_p <nlptop-func-ref>`         | p_th power of Lp norm over given axes                               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_lp <norm-lp-func-ref>`             | Lp norm over given axes                                             |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_induced_l1 <nind-l1-ref>`          | Induced L1 norm of a matrix                                         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`norm_induced_linf <nilinf-ref>`         | Induced L-infinity norm of a matrix                                 |
-+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::sum`               | sum of elements over given axes                                     |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::prod`              | product of elements over given axes                                 |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::mean`              | mean of elements over given axes                                    |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::average`           | weighted average along the specified axis                           |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::variance`          | variance of elements over given axes                                |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::stddev`            | standard deviation of elements over given axes                      |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::diff`              | Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis         |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::amax`              | amax of elements over given axes                                    |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::amin`              | amin of elements over given axes                                    |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::trapz`             | Integrate along the given axis using the composite trapezoidal rule |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_l0`           | L0 pseudo-norm over given axes                                      |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_l1`           | L1 norm over given axes                                             |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_sq`           | Squared L2 norm over given axes                                     |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_l2`           | L2 norm over given axes                                             |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_linf`         | Infinity norm over given axes                                       |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_lp_to_p`      | p_th power of Lp norm over given axes                               |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_lp`           | Lp norm over given axes                                             |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_induced_l1`   | Induced L1 norm of a matrix                                         |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::norm_induced_linf` | Induced L-infinity norm of a matrix                                 |
+   +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    accumulating_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`cumsum <cumsum-function-reference>`   | cumulative sum of elements over a given axis    |
-+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`cumprod <cumprod-function-reference>` | cumulative product of elements over given axes  |
-+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cumsum`  | cumulative sum of elements over a given axis   |
+   +-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cumprod` | cumulative product of elements over given axes |
+   +-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
 
    nan_functions
 
-+---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`nan_to_num <nan-to-num-function-reference>` | convert NaN and +/- inf to finite numbers                  |
-+---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`nansum <nansum-function-reference>`         | sum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0    |
-+---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`nanprod <nanprod-function-reference>`       | product of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1  |
-+---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`nancumsum <nancumsum-function-reference>`   | cumsum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0 |
-+---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :ref:`nancumprod <nancumprod-function-reference>` | cumprod of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1  |
-+---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+
+   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nan_to_num` | convert NaN and +/- inf to finite numbers                  |
+   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nansum`     | sum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0    |
+   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanprod`    | product of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1  |
+   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nancumsum`  | cumsum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0 |
+   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nancumprod` | cumprod of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1  |
+   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+

From 33cb7572d41d60b4a044981bd45c45b8f607ad86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Aug 2021 11:08:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 311/606] Add cross reference in usage documentation

---
 docs/source/adaptor.rst                       |   6 +-
 docs/source/api/container_index.rst           |   2 +-
 docs/source/api/expression_index.rst          |   2 +-
 docs/source/api/xrandom.rst                   |  23 +---
 docs/source/build-options.rst                 |  14 +-
 docs/source/builder.rst                       |  94 +++++++-------
 docs/source/closure-semantics.rst             |   4 +-
 docs/source/conf.py                           |   1 +
 docs/source/container.rst                     | 105 ++++++++++-----
 docs/source/developer/assignment.rst          |   8 +-
 docs/source/developer/concepts.rst            |  16 +--
 .../developer/implementation_classes.rst      |  24 ++--
 docs/source/expression.rst                    |  84 +++++++-----
 docs/source/external-structures.rst           |   2 +-
 docs/source/file_loading.rst                  |  18 +--
 docs/source/getting_started.rst               |   2 +-
 docs/source/histogram.rst                     |  41 +++---
 docs/source/indices.rst                       |  57 ++++----
 docs/source/missing.rst                       |  55 ++++----
 docs/source/operator.rst                      | 119 ++++++++---------
 docs/source/pitfall.rst                       |  17 ++-
 docs/source/quickref/basic.rst                |   8 +-
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst       |   4 +-
 docs/source/quickref/math.rst                 |   2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/operator.rst             |   2 +-
 docs/source/random.rst                        | 115 ++++++-----------
 docs/source/rank.rst                          |   3 +-
 docs/source/scalar.rst                        |  18 +--
 docs/source/view.rst                          | 122 ++++++++++--------
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp                   |   2 +-
 30 files changed, 508 insertions(+), 462 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/adaptor.rst b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
index b66d53635..6f679ddce 100644
--- a/docs/source/adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ ownership of the array:
         // prints 0 2 (data is still available here)
     }
 
-However if you replace ``xt::no_ownership`` with ``xt::acquire_ownership``, the adaptor will take
+However if you replace :cpp:enumerator:`xt::no_ownership` with :cpp:enumerator:`xt::acquire_ownership`, the adaptor will take
 the ownership of the array, meaning it will be deleted when the adaptor is destroyed:
 
 .. code::
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ Adapting C++ smart pointers
 ---------------------------
 
 If you want to manage your data with shared or unique pointers, you can use the
-``adapt_smart_ptr`` function of xtensor. It will automatically increment the
-reference count of shared pointers upon creation, and decrement upon deletion.
+:cpp:func:`xt::adapt_smart_ptr` function of xtensor.
+It will automatically increment the reference count of shared pointers upon creation, and decrement upon deletion.
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
index 29424161c..985e5d217 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Containers and views
 ====================
 
 Containers are in-memory expressions that share a common implementation of most of the methods of the xexpression API.
-The final container classes (``xarray``, ``xtensor``) mainly implement constructors and value semantic, most of the
+The final container classes (:cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor`) mainly implement constructors and value semantic, most of the
 xexpression API is actually implemented in ``xstrided_container`` and ``xcontainer``.
 
 .. toctree::
diff --git a/docs/source/api/expression_index.rst b/docs/source/api/expression_index.rst
index 6fef3019f..c257117db 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/expression_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/expression_index.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Expressions and semantic
 ========================
 
-``xexpression`` and the semantic classes contain all the methods required to perform evaluation and
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` and the semantic classes contain all the methods required to perform evaluation and
 assignment of expressions. They define the computed assignment operators, the assignment methods for
 ``noalias`` and the downcast methods.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
index 146c22fc5..84e665562 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
@@ -11,84 +11,67 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xrandom.hpp``
 
 .. warning:: xtensor uses a lazy generator for random numbers. You need to assign them or use ``eval`` to keep the generated values consistent.
 
-.. _random-get_default_random_engine-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::get_default_random_engine
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-seed-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::seed
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-rand-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::rand(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-randint-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::randint(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-randn-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::randn(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-binomial-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::binomial(const S&, T, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-geometric-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::geometric(const S&, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-negative_binomial-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::negative_binomial(const S&, T, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-poisson-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::poisson(const S&, D, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-exponential-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::exponential(const S&, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-gamma-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::gamma(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-weibull-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::weibull(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-extreme_value-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::extreme_value(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-lognormal-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::lognormal(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-cauchy-function-reference:
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::chi_squared(const S&, T, E&)
+   :project: xtensor
+
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::cauchy(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-fisher_f-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::fisher_f(const S&, T, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-student_t-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::student_t(const S&, T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-choice-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice(const xexpression<T>&, std::size_t, bool, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice(const xexpression<T>&, std::size_t, const xexpression<W>&, bool, E&)
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-shuffle-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::shuffle
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. _random-permutation-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::permutation(T, E&)
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/build-options.rst b/docs/source/build-options.rst
index a3c352680..44b4022e0 100644
--- a/docs/source/build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/build-options.rst
@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ Build and configuration
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-``xtensor`` can be configured via macros which must be defined *before* including
+`xtensor` can be configured via macros which must be defined *before* including
 any of its headers. This can be achieved the following ways:
 
 - either define them in the CMakeLists of your project, with ``target_compile_definitions``
   cmake command.
 - or create a header where you define all the macros you want and then include the headers you
-  need. Then include this header whenever you need ``xtensor`` in your project.
+  need. Then include this header whenever you need `xtensor` in your project.
 
-The following macros are already defined in ``xtensor`` but can be overwritten:
+The following macros are already defined in `xtensor` but can be overwritten:
 
 - ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER(T, A)``: defines the type used as the default data container for tensors and arrays. ``T``
   is the ``value_type`` of the container and ``A`` its ``allocator_type``.
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ The following macros are already defined in ``xtensor`` but can be overwritten:
 
 The following macros are helpers for debugging, they are not defined by default:
 
-- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT``: enables assertions in xtensor, such as bound check.
-- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION``: enables the dimensions check in ``xtensor``. Note that this option should not be turned
+- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT``: enables assertions in `xtensor`, such as bound check.
+- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION``: enables the dimensions check in `xtensor`. Note that this option should not be turned
   on if you expect ``operator()`` to perform broadcasting.
 
 .. _external-dependencies:
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ External dependencies
 The last group of macros is for using external libraries to achieve maximum performance (see next section for additional
 requirements):
 
-- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables SIMD acceleration in ``xtensor``. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
+- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables SIMD acceleration in `xtensor`. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_TBB``: enables parallel assignment loop. This requires that you have tbb_ installed
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS``: disables c++ exceptions.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP``: enables parallel assignment loop using OpenMP. This requires that OpenMP is available on your system.
 
-Defining these macros in the CMakeLists of your project before searching for ``xtensor`` will trigger automatic finding
+Defining these macros in the CMakeLists of your project before searching for `xtensor` will trigger automatic finding
 of dependencies, so you don't have to include the ``find_package(xsimd)`` and ``find_package(TBB)`` commands in your
 CMakeLists:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/builder.rst b/docs/source/builder.rst
index 418f85087..dd071e9fa 100644
--- a/docs/source/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/builder.rst
@@ -14,68 +14,70 @@ Values are computed upon request.
 Ones and zeros
 --------------
 
-- ``zeros(shape)``: generates an expression containing zeros of the specified shape.
-- ``ones(shape)``: generates an expression containing ones of the specified shape.
-- ``eye(shape, k=0)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, with ones on the k-th diagonal.
-- ``eye(n, k = 0)``: generates an expression of shape ``(n, n)`` with ones on the k-th diagonal.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::zeros(shape) <xt::zeros>`: generates an expression containing zeros of the specified shape.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::ones(shape) <xt::ones>`: generates an expression containing ones of the specified shape.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::eye(shape, k=0) <xt::eye>`: generates an expression of the specified shape, with ones on the k-th diagonal.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::eye(n, k = 0) <xt::eye>`: generates an expression of shape ``(n, n)`` with ones on the k-th diagonal.
 
 Numerical ranges
 ----------------
 
-- ``arange(start=0, stop, step=1)``: generates numbers evenly spaced within given half-open interval.
-- ``linspace(start, stop, num_samples)``: generates num_samples evenly spaced numbers over given interval.
-- ``logspace(start, stop, num_samples)``: generates num_samples evenly spaced on a log scale over given interval
+- :cpp:func:`xt::arange(start=0, stop, step=1) <xt::arange>`: generates numbers evenly spaced within given half-open interval.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::linspace(start, stop, num_samples) <xt::linspace>`: generates num_samples evenly spaced numbers over given interval.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::logspace(start, stop, num_samples) <xt::logspace>`: generates num_samples evenly spaced on a log scale over given interval
 
 Joining expressions
 -------------------
 
-- ``concatenate(tuple, axis=0)``: concatenates a list of expressions along the given axis.
-- ``stack(tuple, axis=0)``: stacks a list of expressions along the given axis.
-- ``hstack(tuple)``: stacks expressions in sequence horizontally (i.e. column-wise).
-- ``vstack(tuple)``: stacks expressions in sequence vertically (i.e. row wise).
+- :cpp:func:`xt::concatenate(tuple, axis=0) <xt::concatenate>`: concatenates a list of expressions along the given axis.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::stack(tuple, axis=0) <xt::stack>`: stacks a list of expressions along the given axis.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::hstack(tuple) <xt::hstack>`: stacks expressions in sequence horizontally (i.e. column-wise).
+- :cpp:func:`xt::vstack(tuple) <xt::vstack>`: stacks expressions in sequence vertically (i.e. row wise).
 
 Random distributions
 --------------------
 
-.. warning:: xtensor uses a lazy generator for random numbers. You need to assign them or use ``eval`` to keep the generated values consistent.
-
-- ``rand(shape, lower, upper)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing uniformly
-  distributed random numbers in the half-open interval [lower, upper).
-- ``randint(shape, lower, upper)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing uniformly
-  distributed random integers in the half-open interval [lower, upper).
-- ``randn(shape, mean, std_dev)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the Normal random number distribution.
-- ``binomial(shape, trials, prob)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the binomial random number distribution.
-- ``geometric(shape, prob)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the geometric random number distribution.
-- ``negative_binomial(shape, k, prob)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the negative binomial random number distribution.
-- ``poisson(shape, rate)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the Poisson random number distribution.
-- ``exponential(shape, rate)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the exponential random number distribution.
-- ``gamma(shape, alpha, beta)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the gamma random number distribution.
-- ``weibull(shape, a, b)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the Weibull random number distribution.
-- ``extreme_value(shape, a, b)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the extreme value random number distribution.
-- ``lognormal(shape, a, b)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the Log-Normal random number distribution.
-- ``chi_squared(shape, a, b)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the chi-squared random number distribution.
-- ``cauchy(shape, a, b)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the Cauchy random number distribution.
-- ``fisher_f(shape, m, n)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the Fisher-f random number distribution.
-- ``student_t(shape, n)``: generates an expression of the specified shape, containing numbers
-  sampled from the Student-t random number distribution.
+.. warning:: xtensor uses a lazy generator for random numbers.
+   You need to assign them or use :cpp:func:`xt::eval` to keep the generated values consistent.
+
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::rand(shape, lower, upper) <xt::random::rand>`: generates an expression of the specified
+  shape, containing uniformly distributed random numbers in the half-open interval [lower, upper).
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::randint(shape, lower, upper) <xt::random::randint>`: generates an expression of the specified
+  shape, containing uniformly distributed random integers in the half-open interval [lower, upper).
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::randn(shape, mean, std_dev) <xt::random::randn>`: generates an expression of the specified
+  shape, containing numbers sampled from the Normal random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::binomial(shape, trials, prob) <xt::random::binomial>`: generates an expression of the specified
+  shape, containing numbers sampled from the binomial random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::geometric(shape, prob) <xt::random::geometric>`: generates an expression of the specified shape,
+  containing numbers sampled from the geometric random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::negative_binomial(shape, k, prob) <xt::random::negative_binomial>`: generates an expression
+  of the specified shape, containing numbers sampled from the negative binomial random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::poisson(shape, rate) <xt::random::poisson>`: generates an expression of the specified shape,
+  containing numbers sampled from the Poisson random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::exponential(shape, rate) <xt::random::exponential>`: generates an expression of the specified
+  shape, containing numbers sampled from the exponential random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::gamma(shape, alpha, beta) <xt::random::gamma>`: generates an expression of the specified shape,
+  containing numbers sampled from the gamma random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::weibull(shape, a, b) <xt::random::weibull>`: generates an expression of the specified shape,
+  containing numbers sampled from the Weibull random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::extreme_value(shape, a, b) <xt::random::extreme_value>`: generates an expression of the
+  specified shape, containing numbers sampled from the extreme value random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::lognormal(shape, a, b) <xt::random::lognormal>`: generates an expression of the specified
+  shape, containing numbers sampled from the Log-Normal random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::chi_squared(shape, a, b) <xt::random::chi_squared>`: generates an expression of the specified
+  shape, containing numbers sampled from the chi-squared random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::cauchy(shape, a, b) <xt::random::cauchy>`: generates an expression of the specified shape,
+  containing numbers sampled from the Cauchy random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::fisher_f(shape, m, n) <xt::random::fisher_f>`: generates an expression of the specified shape,
+  containing numbers sampled from the Fisher-f random number distribution.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::random::student_t(shape, n) <xt::random::student_t>`: generates an expression of the specified shape,
+  containing numbers sampled from the Student-t random number distribution.
 
 Meshes
 ------
 
-- ``meshgrid(x1, x2,...)```: generates N-D coordinate expressions given one-dimensional coordinate arrays ``x1``, ``x2``...
+- :cpp:func:`xt::meshgrid(x1, x2,...) <xt::meshgrid>`: generates N-D coordinate expressions given
+  one-dimensional coordinate arrays ``x1``, ``x2``...
   If specified vectors have lengths ``Ni = len(xi)``, meshgrid returns ``(N1, N2, N3,..., Nn)``-shaped arrays, with the elements
   of xi repeated to fill the matrix along the first dimension for x1, the second for x2 and so on.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
index af0de8d34..aa6f2ddda 100644
--- a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
+++ b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Closure semantics
 The ``xtensor`` library is a tensor expression library implementing numpy-style broadcasting and universal functions but in a lazy fashion.
 
 If ``x`` and ``y`` are two tensor expressions with compatible shapes, the result of ``x + y`` is not a tensor but an expression that does
-not hold any value. Values of ``x + y`` are computed upon access or when the result is assigned to a container such as ``xt::xtensor`` or
-``xt::xarray``. The same holds for most functions in xtensor, views, broadcasting views, etc.
+not hold any value. Values of ``x + y`` are computed upon access or when the result is assigned to a container such as :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` or
+:cpp:type:`xt::xarray`. The same holds for most functions in xtensor, views, broadcasting views, etc.
 
 In order to be able to perform the differed computation of ``x + y``, the returned expression must hold references, const references or
 copies of the members ``x`` and ``y``, depending on how arguments were passed to ``operator+``. The actual types held by the expressions
diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 87f96b9fa..bb451fa68 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -46,4 +46,5 @@ def setup(app):
     "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None),
     "scipy": ("https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference", None),
     "xtensor-blas": ("https://xtensor-blas.readthedocs.io/en/stable", None),
+    "xtl": ("https://xtl.readthedocs.io/en/stable", None),
 }
diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index 5a2f740eb..7b12d0005 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -14,15 +14,27 @@ A multi-dimensional array of `xtensor` consists of a contiguous one-dimensional
 unsigned integers to the location of an element in the buffer. The range in which the indices can vary is specified by the
 `shape` of the array.
 
-The scheme used to map indices into a location in the buffer is a strided indexing scheme. In such a scheme, the index ``(i0, ..., in)`` corresponds to the offset ``sum(ik * sk)`` from the beginning of the one-dimensional buffer, where ``(s0, ..., sn)`` are the `strides` of the array. Some particular cases of strided schemes implement well-known memory layouts:
+The scheme used to map indices into a location in the buffer is a strided indexing scheme. In such a scheme, the index
+``(i0, ..., in)`` corresponds to the offset ``sum(ik * sk)`` from the beginning of the one-dimensional buffer, where
+``(s0, ..., sn)`` are the `strides` of the array. Some particular cases of strided schemes implement well-known memory layouts:
 
 - the row-major layout (or C layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from right to left
 - the column-major layout (or Fortran layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from left to right
 
-``xtensor`` provides a ``layout_type`` enum that helps to specify the layout used by multidimensional arrays. This enum can be used in two ways:
-
-- at compile time, as a template argument. The value ``layout_type::dynamic`` allows specifying any strided index scheme at runtime (including row-major and column-major schemes), while ``layout_type::row_major`` and ``layout_type::column_major`` fixes the strided index scheme and disable ``resize`` and constructor overloads taking a set of strides or a layout value as parameter. The default value of the template parameter is ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT``.
-- at runtime if the previous template parameter was set to ``layout_type::dynamic``. In that case, ``resize`` and constructor overloads allow specifying a set of strides or a layout value to avoid strides computation. If neither strides nor layout is specified when instantiating or resizing a multi-dimensional array, strides corresponding to ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT`` are used.
+`xtensor` provides a :cpp:enum:`xt::layout_type` enum that helps to specify the layout used by multidimensional arrays.
+This enum can be used in two ways:
+
+- at compile time, as a template argument. The value :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::dynamic` allows specifying any
+  strided index scheme at runtime (including row-major and column-major schemes), while :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::row_major`
+  and :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::column_major` fixes the strided index scheme and disable
+  :cpp:func:`resize() <xt::xstrided_container::resize>` and constructor overloads taking a set of strides or a layout
+  value as parameter.
+  The default value of the template parameter is :c:macro:`XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT`.
+- at runtime if the previous template parameter was set to :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::dynamic`.
+  In that case, :cpp:func:`resize() <xt::xstrided_container::resize>` and constructor overloads allow specifying a set of
+  strides or a layout value to avoid strides computation.
+  If neither strides nor layout is specified when instantiating or resizing a multi-dimensional array, strides
+  corresponding to :c:macro:`XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT` are used.
 
 The following example shows how to initialize a multi-dimensional array of dynamic layout with specified strides:
 
@@ -35,7 +47,8 @@ The following example shows how to initialize a multi-dimensional array of dynam
     std::vector<size_t> strides = { 8, 4, 1 };
     xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::dynamic> a(shape, strides);
 
-However, this requires to carefully compute the strides to avoid buffer overflow when accessing elements of the array. We can use the following shortcut to specify the strides instead of computing them:
+However, this requires to carefully compute the strides to avoid buffer overflow when accessing elements of the array.
+We can use the following shortcut to specify the strides instead of computing them:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -57,20 +70,23 @@ If the layout of the array can be fixed at compile time, we can make it even sim
     // this shortcut is equivalent:
     // xt::xarray<double> a(shape);
 
-However, in the latter case, the layout of the array is forced to ``row_major`` at compile time, and therefore cannot be changed at runtime.
+However, in the latter case, the layout of the array is forced to :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::row_major` at
+compile time, and therefore cannot be changed at runtime.
 
 Runtime vs Compile-time dimensionality
 --------------------------------------
 
-Three container classes implementing multidimensional arrays are provided: ``xarray`` and ``xtensor`` and ``xtensor_fixed``.
+Three container classes implementing multidimensional arrays are provided: :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` and
+:cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed`.
 
-- ``xarray`` can be reshaped dynamically to any number of dimensions. It is the container that is the most similar to numpy arrays.
-- ``xtensor`` has a dimension set at compilation time, which enables many optimizations. For example, shapes and strides
-  of ``xtensor`` instances are allocated on the stack instead of the heap.
-- ``xtensor_fixed`` has a shape fixed at compile time. This allows even more optimizations, such as allocating the storage for the container
+- :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` can be reshaped dynamically to any number of dimensions. It is the container that is the most similar to numpy arrays.
+- :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` has a dimension set at compilation time, which enables many optimizations.
+  For example, shapes and strides of :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` instances are allocated on the stack instead of the heap.
+- :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed` has a shape fixed at compile time.
+  This allows even more optimizations, such as allocating the storage for the container
   on the stack, as well as computing strides and backstrides at compile time, making the allocation of this container extremely cheap.
 
-Let's use ``xtensor`` instead of ``xarray`` in the previous example:
+Let's use :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` instead of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` in the previous example:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -82,7 +98,7 @@ Let's use ``xtensor`` instead of ``xarray`` in the previous example:
     // this is equivalent to
     // xt::xtensor<double, 3, xt::layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
 
-Or when using ``xtensor_fixed``:
+Or when using :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed`:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -91,19 +107,24 @@ Or when using ``xtensor_fixed``:
     xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 2, 4>> a();
     // or xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 2, 4>, xt::layout_type::row_major>()
 
-``xarray``, ``xtensor`` and ``xtensor_fixed`` containers are all ``xexpression`` s and can be involved and mixed in mathematical expressions, assigned to each
-other etc... They provide an augmented interface compared to other ``xexpression`` types:
+:cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed` containers are all
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` s and can be involved and mixed in mathematical expressions, assigned to each
+other etc...
+They provide an augmented interface compared to other :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` types:
 
-- Each method exposed in ``xexpression`` interface has its non-const counterpart exposed by ``xarray``, ``xtensor`` and ``xtensor_fixed``.
-- ``reshape()`` reshapes the container in place, and the global size of the container has to stay the same.
-- ``resize()`` resizes the container in place, that is, if the global size of the container doesn't change, no memory allocation occurs.
-- ``strides()`` returns the strides of the container, used to compute the position of an element in the underlying buffer.
+- Each method exposed in :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` interface has its non-const counterpart exposed by
+  :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed`.
+- :cpp:func:`reshape() <xt::xstrided_container::reshape>` reshapes the container in place, and the global size of the container has to stay the same.
+- :cpp:func:`resize() <xt::xstrided_container::resize>` resizes the container in place, that is, if the global size of the container doesn't change, no memory allocation occurs.
+- :cpp:func:`strides() <xt::xcontainer::strides>` returns the strides of the container, used to compute the position of an element in the underlying buffer.
 
 Reshape
 -------
 
-The ``reshape`` method accepts any kind of 1D-container, you don't have to pass an instance of ``shape_type``. It only requires the new shape to be
-compatible with the old one, that is, the number of elements in the container must remain the same:
+The :cpp:func:`reshape() <xt::xstrided_container::reshape>` method accepts any kind of 1D-container, you don't have to
+pass an instance of ``shape_type``.
+It only requires the new shape to be compatible with the old one, that is, the number of elements in the container must
+remain the same:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -119,8 +140,8 @@ compatible with the old one, that is, the number of elements in the container mu
     // ... which are equivalent to the following
     a.reshape({2, 4});
 
-One of the values in the ``shape`` argument can be -1. In this case, the value is inferred from the number of elements in the container and the remaining
-values in the ``shape``:
+One of the values in the ``shape`` argument can be -1.
+In this case, the value is inferred from the number of elements in the container and the remaining values in the ``shape``:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -132,22 +153,33 @@ values in the ``shape``:
 Performance
 -----------
 
-The dynamic dimensionality of ``xarray`` comes at a cost. Since the dimension is unknown at build time, the sequences holding shape and strides of ``xarray`` instances are heap-allocated, which makes it significantly more expensive than ``xtensor``. Shape and strides of ``xtensor`` are stack-allocated which makes them more efficient.
+The dynamic dimensionality of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` comes at a cost.
+Since the dimension is unknown at build time, the sequences holding shape and strides of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`
+instances are heap-allocated, which makes it significantly more expensive than :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor`.
+Shape and strides of :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` are stack-allocated which makes them more efficient.
 
-More generally, the library implements a ``promote_shape`` mechanism at build time to determine the optimal sequence type to hold the shape of an expression. The shape type of a broadcasting expression whose members have a dimensionality determined at compile time will have a stack-allocated shape. If a single member of a broadcasting expression has a dynamic dimension (for example an ``xarray``), it bubbles up to the entire broadcasting expression which will have a heap-allocated shape. The same hold for views, broadcast expressions, etc...
+More generally, the library implements a ``promote_shape`` mechanism at build time to determine the optimal sequence
+type to hold the shape of an expression.
+The shape type of a broadcasting expression whose members have a dimensionality determined at compile time will have a
+stack-allocated shape.
+If a single member of a broadcasting expression has a dynamic dimension (for example an :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`),
+it bubbles up to the entire broadcasting expression which will have a heap-allocated shape.
+The same hold for views, broadcast expressions, etc...
 
 Aliasing and temporaries
 ------------------------
 
-In some cases, an expression should not be directly assigned to a container. Instead, it has to be assigned to a temporary variable before being copied
-into the destination container. A typical case where this happens is when the destination container is involved in the expression and has to be resized.
+In some cases, an expression should not be directly assigned to a container.
+Instead, it has to be assigned to a temporary variable before being copied into the destination container.
+A typical case where this happens is when the destination container is involved in the expression and has to be resized.
 This phenomenon is known as *aliasing*.
 
-To prevent this, `xtensor` assigns the expression to a temporary variable before copying it. In the case of ``xarray``, this results in an extra dynamic memory
-allocation and copy.
+To prevent this, `xtensor` assigns the expression to a temporary variable before copying it.
+In the case of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, this results in an extra dynamic memory allocation and copy.
 
-However, if the left-hand side is not involved in the expression being assigned, no temporary variable should be required. `xtensor` cannot detect such cases
-automatically and applies the "temporary variable rule" by default. A mechanism is provided to forcibly prevent usage of a temporary variable:
+However, if the left-hand side is not involved in the expression being assigned, no temporary variable should be required.
+`xtensor` cannot detect such cases automatically and applies the "temporary variable rule" by default.
+A mechanism is provided to forcibly prevent usage of a temporary variable:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -178,8 +210,11 @@ The aliasing phenomenon is illustrated in the following example:
     b = a + b;
     // b appears on both left-hand and right-hand sides of the statement
 
-In the above example, the shape of ``a + b`` is ``{ 3, 2, 4 }``. Therefore, ``b`` must first be resized, which impacts how the right-hand side is computed.
+In the above example, the shape of ``a + b`` is ``{ 3, 2, 4 }``.
+Therefore, ``b`` must first be resized, which impacts how the right-hand side is computed.
 
 If the values of ``b`` were copied into the new buffer directly without an intermediary variable, then we would have
-``new_b(0, i, j) == old_b(i, j) for (i,j) in [0,1] x [0, 3]``. After the resize of ``bb``, ``a(0, i, j) + b(0, i, j)`` is assigned to ``b(0, i, j)``, then,
-due to broadcasting rules, ``a(1, i, j) + b(0, i, j)`` is assigned to ``b(1, i, j)``. The issue is ``b(0, i, j)`` has been changed by the previous assignment.
+``new_b(0, i, j) == old_b(i, j) for (i,j) in [0,1] x [0, 3]``.
+After the resize of ``bb``, ``a(0, i, j) + b(0, i, j)`` is assigned to ``b(0, i, j)``, then,
+due to broadcasting rules, ``a(1, i, j) + b(0, i, j)`` is assigned to ``b(1, i, j)``.
+The issue is ``b(0, i, j)`` has been changed by the previous assignment.
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst b/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
index 3b17aead6..0da6eaf79 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@
 Assignment
 ==========
 
-In this section, we consider the class ``xarray`` and its semantic bases (``xcontainer_semantic`` and
+In this section, we consider the class :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` and its semantic bases (``xcontainer_semantic`` and
 ``xsemantic_base``) to illustrate how the assignment works. `xtensor` provides different mechanics of
 assignment depending on the type of expression.
 
 Extended copy semantic
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-``xarray`` provides an extended copy constructor and an extended assignment operator:
+:cpp:type:`xt::xarray` provides an extended copy constructor and an extended assignment operator:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ The assignment operator forwards to ``xsemantic_base::operator=`` whose implemen
         return this->derived_cast().assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
     }
 
-Here ``temporary_type`` is ``xarray``, the assignment operator computes the result of the expression in
-a temporary variable and then assigns it to the ``xarray`` instance. This temporary variable avoids aliasing
+Here ``temporary_type`` is :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, the assignment operator computes the result of the expression in
+a temporary variable and then assigns it to the :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` instance. This temporary variable avoids aliasing
 when the array is involved in the rhs expression where broadcasting happens:
 
 .. code::
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
index 6e55c66cb..dc20401c7 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ dispatching.
 xexpression
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-``xexpression`` is the base class for all expression classes. It is a CRTP base whose template
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` is the base class for all expression classes. It is a CRTP base whose template
 parameter must be the most derived class in the hierarchy. For instance, if ``A`` inherits
-from ``B`` which in turn inherits from ``xexpression``, then ``B`` should be a template
-class whose template parameter is ``A`` and should forward this parameter to ``xexpression``:
+from ``B`` which in turn inherits from :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`, then ``B`` should be a template
+class whose template parameter is ``A`` and should forward this parameter to :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class whose template parameter is ``A`` and should forward this parameter to ``x
         // ...
     };
 
-``xexpression`` only provides three overloads of a same function, that cast an ``xexpression``
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` only provides three overloads of a same function, that cast an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`
 object to the most inheriting type, depending on the nature of the object (*lvalue*,
 *const lvalue* or *rvalue*):
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ where ``a`` and ``b`` can be arbitrary types (from `xtensor`, the STL or any ext
 supporting standard iteration.
 
 ``xiterable`` inherits from ``xconst_iterable`` and provides non-const counterpart of methods
-defined in ``xconst_iterable``. Like ``xexpression``, both are CRTP classes whose template
+defined in ``xconst_iterable``. Like :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`, both are CRTP classes whose template
 parameter must be the most derived type.
 
 Besides traditional methods for iterating, ``xconst_iterable`` and ``xiterable`` provide overloads
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ The first overload is meant for computed assignment involving a scalar; it allow
 We rely on SFINAE to remove this overload from the overload resolution set when the parameter that we want
 to assign is not a scalar, avoiding ambiguity.
 
-Operator-based methods taking a general ``xexpression`` parameter don't perform a direct assignment. Instead,
+Operator-based methods taking a general :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` parameter don't perform a direct assignment. Instead,
 the result is assigned to a temporary variable first, in order to prevent issues with aliasing. Thus, if ``a``
 and ``b`` are expressions, the following
 
@@ -191,9 +191,9 @@ Temporaries can be avoided with the assign-based methods:
     derived_type& modulus_assign(const xexpression<E>&);
 
 ``xsemantic_base`` is a CRTP class whose parameter must be the most derived type in the hierarchy. It inherits
-from ``xexpression`` and forwards its template parameter to this latter one.
+from :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` and forwards its template parameter to this latter one.
 
-``xsemantic_base`` also provides a assignment operator that takes an ``xexpression`` in its protected section:
+``xsemantic_base`` also provides a assignment operator that takes an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` in its protected section:
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
index 803d13390..8fc03d227 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Requirements
 
 An implementation class in `xtensor` is a final class that models a specific
 kind of expression. It must inherit (either directly or indirectly) from
-``xexpression`` and define (or inherit from classes that define) the following
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` and define (or inherit from classes that define) the following
 types:
 
 **container types**
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ inheriting classes only provide constructors and assignment operators for the va
 The container classes are generally used through type aliases which set many of the template
 arguments:
 
-- ``xarray``
-- ``xtensor``
+- :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`
+- :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor`
 - ``xfixed_tensor``
 
 The classes for adaptors can be instantiated through the many overloads of ``xt::adapt`` function,
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Most of the mehtods of these classes are defined in their base class ``xoptional
 
 **Views**
 
-- ``xview``: N-dimensional view with static number of slices, supporting all kind of slices
+- :cpp:type:`xt::xview`: N-dimensional view with static number of slices, supporting all kind of slices
 - ``xstrided_view``: N-dimensional view with dynamic number of slices, supporting strided slices only (see below)
 - ``xdynamic_view``: N-dimensional view with dynamic number of slices, supporting all kind of slices
 - ``xfunctor_view``: N-dimensional view applying a functor to its underlying elements (e.g. ``imag``, ``real``)
@@ -181,16 +181,16 @@ Contrary to containers and views, the functional expressions are immutable.
 xarray and xtensor
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Although they represent different concepts, ``xarray`` and ``xtensor`` have really similar
-implementations so only ``xarray`` will be covered.
+Although they represent different concepts, :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` have really similar
+implementations so only :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` will be covered.
 
-``xarray`` is a strided array expression that can be assigned to. Everything ``xarray`` needs
-is already defined in classes modeling :ref:`concepts-label`, so ``xarray`` only has to inherit
+:cpp:type:`xt::xarray` is a strided array expression that can be assigned to. Everything :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` needs
+is already defined in classes modeling :ref:`concepts-label`, so :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` only has to inherit
 from these classes and define constructors and assignment operators:
 
 .. image:: xarray_uml.svg
 
-Besides implementing the methods that define value semantic, ``xarray`` and ``xtensor`` hold
+Besides implementing the methods that define value semantic, :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` hold
 the data container. Since the ``xcontainer`` base class implements all the logic for accessing
 the data, it must me able to access the data container. This is achieved by requiring that
 every class inheriting from ``xcontainer`` provides the following methods:
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ every class inheriting from ``xcontainer`` provides the following methods:
     const storage_type& storage_impl() const noexcept;
 
 These are the implementation methods of the ``storage()`` interface methods defined in ``xcontainer``,
-and thus are defined in the private section of ``xarray`` and ``xtensor``. In order to grant access
+and thus are defined in the private section of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor`. In order to grant access
 to ``xcontainer``, this last one is declared as ``friend``:
 
 .. code::
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ Although the base classes use the types defined in the Requirement section, they
 define them; first because different base classes may need the same types and we want
 to avoid duplication of type definitions. The second reason is that most of the types
 may rely on other types specific to the implementation classes. For instance,
-``value_type``, ``reference``, etc,  of ``xarray`` are simply the types defined in the
-container type hold by ``xarray``:
+``value_type``, ``reference``, etc,  of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` are simply the types defined in the
+container type hold by :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`:
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index 2a08eea24..27692a0c4 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ Expressions and lazy evaluation
 ===============================
 
 `xtensor` is more than an N-dimensional array library: it is an expression engine that allows numerical computation on any object implementing the expression interface.
-These objects can be in-memory containers such as ``xarray<T>`` and ``xtensor<T>``, but can also be backed by a database or a representation on the file system. This
-also enables creating adaptors as expressions for other data structures.
+These objects can be in-memory containers such as :cpp:type:`xt::xarray\<T\>` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor\<T\>`, but can also be backed by a database or a representation on the file system.
+This also enables creating adaptors as expressions for other data structures.
 
 Expressions
 -----------
 
 Assume ``x``, ``y`` and ``z`` are arrays of *compatible shapes* (we'll come back to that later), the return type of an expression such as ``x + y * sin(z)`` is **not an array**.
-The result is an ``xexpression`` which offers the same interface as an N-dimensional array but does not hold any value. Such expressions can be plugged into others to build
-more complex expressions:
+The result is an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` which offers the same interface as an N-dimensional array but does not hold any value.
+Such expressions can be plugged into others to build more complex expressions:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -71,8 +71,10 @@ and the size of the data, it might be convenient to store the result of the expr
 Forcing evaluation
 ------------------
 
-If you have to force the evaluation of an xexpression for some reason (for example, you want to have all results in memory to perform a sort or use external BLAS functions) then you can use ``xt::eval`` on an xexpression.
-Evaluating will either return a *rvalue* to a newly allocated container in the case of an xexpression, or a reference to a container in case you are evaluating a ``xarray`` or ``xtensor``. Note that, in order to avoid copies, you should use a universal reference on the lefthand side (``auto&&``). For example:
+If you have to force the evaluation of an xexpression for some reason (for example, you want to have all results in memory to perform a sort or use external BLAS functions) then you can use :cpp:func:`xt::eval` on an xexpression.
+Evaluating will either return a *rvalue* to a newly allocated container in the case of an xexpression, or a reference to a container in case you are evaluating a :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` or :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor`.
+Note that, in order to avoid copies, you should use a universal reference on the lefthand side (``auto&&``).
+For example:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -86,14 +88,14 @@ Evaluating will either return a *rvalue* to a newly allocated container in the c
 Broadcasting
 ------------
 
-The number of dimensions of an ``xexpression`` and the sizes of these dimensions are provided by the ``shape()`` method, which returns a sequence of unsigned integers
-specifying the size of each dimension. We can operate on expressions of different shapes of dimensions in an elementwise fashion. Broadcasting rules of `xtensor` are
-similar to those of Numpy_ and libdynd_.
+The number of dimensions of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` and the sizes of these dimensions are provided by the :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::shape` method, which returns a sequence of unsigned integers
+specifying the size of each dimension. We can operate on expressions of different shapes of dimensions in an elementwise fashion.
+Broadcasting rules of `xtensor` are similar to those of Numpy_ and libdynd_.
 
 In an operation involving two arrays of different dimensions, the array with the lesser dimensions is broadcast across the leading dimensions of the other.
 For example, if ``A`` has shape ``(2, 3)``, and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``, the result of a broadcast operation with ``A`` and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``.
 
-.. code::
+.. code:: none
 
        (2, 3) # A
     (4, 2, 3) # B
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ For example, if ``A`` has shape ``(2, 3)``, and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``, t
 
 The same rule holds for scalars, which are handled as 0-D expressions. If `A` is a scalar, the equation becomes:
 
-.. code::
+.. code:: none
 
            () # A
     (4, 2, 3) # B
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ The same rule holds for scalars, which are handled as 0-D expressions. If `A` is
 If matched up dimensions of two input arrays are different, and one of them has size ``1``, it is broadcast to match the size of the other. Let's say B has the shape ``(4, 2, 1)``
 in the previous example, so the broadcasting happens as follows:
 
-.. code::
+.. code:: none
 
        (2, 3) # A
     (4, 2, 1) # B
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ in the previous example, so the broadcasting happens as follows:
 Accessing elements
 ------------------
 
-You can access the elements of any ``xexpression`` with ``operator()``:
+You can access the elements of any :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` with :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()`:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -134,11 +136,11 @@ You can access the elements of any ``xexpression`` with ``operator()``:
     double d1 = a(0, 2);
     double d2 = f(1, 2);
 
-It is possible to call ``operator()`` with fewer or more arguments than the number of dimensions
+It is possible to call :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` with fewer or more arguments than the number of dimensions
 of the expression:
 
-- if ``operator()`` is called with too many arguments, we drop the most left ones
-- if ``operator()`` is called with too few arguments, we prepend them with ``0`` values until
+- if :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` is called with too many arguments, we drop the most left ones
+- if :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` is called with too few arguments, we prepend them with ``0`` values until
   we match the number of dimensions
 
 .. code::
@@ -156,13 +158,13 @@ i.e. commutativity of element access and broadcasting.
 Expression interface
 --------------------
 
-All ``xexpression`` s in `xtensor` provide at least the following interface:
+All :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` s in :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` provide at least the following interface:
 
 Shape
 ~~~~~
 
-- ``dimension()`` returns the number of dimensions of the expression.
-- ``shape()`` returns the shape of the expression.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::dimension`: returns the number of dimensions of the expression.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::shape`: returns the shape of the expression.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -181,12 +183,18 @@ Shape
 Element access
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-- ``operator()`` is an access operator that can take multiple integral arguments or none.
-- ``at()`` is similar to ``operator()`` but checks that its number of arguments does not exceed the number of dimensions, and performs bounds checking. This should not be used where you expect ``operator()`` to perform broadcasting.
-- ``operator[]`` has two overloads: one that takes a single integral argument and is equivalent to the call of ``operator()`` with one argument, and one with a single multi-index argument, which can be of a size determined at runtime. This operator also supports braced initializer arguments.
-- ``element()`` is an access operator which takes a pair of iterators on a container of indices.
-- ``periodic()`` is the equivalent of ``operator()`` that can deal with periodic indices (for example ``-1`` for the last item along an axis).
-- ``in_bounds()`` returns a ``bool`` that is ``true`` only if indices are valid for the array.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` is an access operator that can take multiple integral arguments or none.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::at` is similar to :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` but checks that its number
+  of arguments does not exceed the number of dimensions, and performs bounds checking.
+  This should not be used where you expect :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` to perform broadcasting.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator[]` has two overloads: one that takes a single integral argument and is
+  equivalent to the call of :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` with one argument, and one with a single
+  multi-index argument, which can be of a size determined at runtime.
+  This operator also supports braced initializer arguments.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::element` is an access operator which takes a pair of iterators on a container of indices.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::periodic` is the equivalent of :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()()` that can deal
+  with periodic indices (for example ``-1`` for the last item along an axis).
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::in_bounds` returns a ``bool`` that is ``true`` only if indices are valid for the array.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -203,12 +211,26 @@ Element access
 Iterators
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
-- ``begin()`` and ``end()`` return instances of ``xiterator`` which can be used to iterate over all the elements of the expression. The layout of the iteration can be specified
-  through the ``layout_type`` template parameter, accepted values are ``layout_type::row_major`` and ``layout_type::column_major``. If not specified, ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL`` is used.
-  This iterator pair permits to use algorithms of the STL with ``xexpression`` as if they were simple containers.
-- ``begin(shape)`` and ``end(shape)`` are similar but take a *broadcasting shape* as an argument. Elements are iterated upon in ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL`` if no ``layout_type`` template parameter is specified. Certain dimensions are repeated to match the provided shape as per the rules described above.
-- ``rbegin()`` and ``rend()`` return instances of ``xiterator`` which can be used to iterate over all the elements of the reversed expression. As ``begin()`` and ``end()``, the layout of the iteration can be specified through the ``layout_type`` parameter.
-- ``rbegin(shape)`` and ``rend(shape)`` are the reversed counterpart of ``begin(shape)`` and ``end(shape)``.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::begin` and :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::end` return instances of :cpp:type:`xt::xiterator`
+  which can be used to iterate over all the elements of the expression.
+  The layout of the iteration can be specified through the :cpp:enum:`xt::layout_type` template parameter, accepted values
+  are :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::row_major` and :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::column_major`.
+  If not specified, :c:macro:`XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL` is used.
+  This iterator pair permits to use algorithms of the STL with :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` as if they were simple containers.
+- :cpp:func:`begin(shape) <xt::xiterator xt::xexpression::begin(xt::xshape)>` and
+  :cpp:func:`end(shape) <xt::xiterator xt::xexpression::end(xt::xshape)>` are similar but take a *broadcasting shape*
+  as an argument.
+  Elements are iterated upon in :c:macro:`XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL` if no :cpp:enum:`xt::layout_type` template parameter
+  is specified.
+  Certain dimensions are repeated to match the provided shape as per the rules described above.
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::rbegin` and :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::rend` return instances of :cpp:type:`xt::xiterator`
+  which can be used to iterate over all the elements of the reversed expression.
+  As :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::begin` and :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::end`, the layout of the iteration can be
+  specified through the :cpp:enum:`xt::layout_type` parameter.
+- :cpp:func:`rbegin(shape) <xt::xiterator xt::xexpression::rbegin(xt::xshape)>` and
+  :cpp:func:`rend(shape) <xt::xiterator xt::xexpression::rend(xt::xshape)>` are the reversed counterpart of
+  :cpp:func:`begin(shape) <xt::xiterator xt::xexpression::begin(xt::xshape)>` and
+  :cpp:func:`end(shape) <xiterator xt::xexpression::end(xt::xshape)>`.
 
 .. _NumPy: http://www.numpy.org
 .. _libdynd: http://libdynd.org
diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index f3f4c52df..23f2a0b49 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ In the following example, we define new container and adaptor types for user-spe
     using my_tensor_type = xt::xtensor_container<container_type, 3>;
     using my_adaptor_type = xt::xtensor_adaptor<container_type, 3>;
 
-These new types will have all the features of the core ``xt::xtensor`` and ``xt::xarray`` types.
+These new types will have all the features of the core :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` and :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` types.
 ``xt::xarray_container`` and ``xt::xtensor_container`` embed the data container, while
 ``xt::xarray_adaptor`` and ``xt::xtensor_adaptor`` hold a reference on an already initialized
 container.
diff --git a/docs/source/file_loading.rst b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
index fab07ebc7..9b413806a 100644
--- a/docs/source/file_loading.rst
+++ b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
@@ -7,19 +7,19 @@
 File input and output
 =====================
 
-``xtensor`` has some built-in mechanisms to make loading and saving data easy.
-The base xtensor package allows to save and load data in the ``.csv``, ``.json`` and ``.npy``
+`xtensor` has some built-in mechanisms to make loading and saving data easy.
+The base `xtensor` package allows to save and load data in the ``.csv``, ``.json`` and ``.npy``
 format.
 Please note that many more input and output formats are available in the `xtensor-io
 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-io>`_ package.
-``xtensor-io`` offers functions to load and store from image files (``jpg``, ``gif``, ``png``...),
+`xtensor-io` offers functions to load and store from image files (``jpg``, ``gif``, ``png``...),
 sound files (``wav``, ``ogg``...), HDF5 files (``h5``, ``hdf5``, ...), and compressed numpy format (``npz``).
 
 
 Loading CSV data into xtensor
 -----------------------------
 
-The following example code demonstrates how to use ``load_csv`` and ``dump_csv`` to load and
+The following example code demonstrates how to use :cpp:func:`xt::load_csv` and :cpp:func:`xt::dump_csv` to load and
 save data in the Comma-separated value format. The reference documentation is :doc:`api/xcsv`.
 
 .. code::
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ save data in the Comma-separated value format. The reference documentation is :d
 
     int main()
     {
-        ifstream in_file;
+        std::ifstream in_file;
         in_file.open("in.csv");
         auto data = xt::load_csv<double>(in_file);
 
-        ofstream out_file;
+        std::ofstream out_file;
         out_file("out.csv");
 
         xt::xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Loading NPY data into xtensor
 -----------------------------
 
 The following example demonstrates how to load and store xtensor data in the ``npy`` "NumPy" format,
-using the ``load_npy`` and ``dump_npy`` functions.
+using the :cpp:func:`xt::load_npy` and :cpp:func:`xt::dump_npy` functions.
 Reference documentation for the functions used is found here :doc:`api/xnpy`.
 
 .. code::
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Loading JSON data into xtensor
 ------------------------------
 
 It's possible to load and dump data to json, using the json library written by
-``nlohmann`` (https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) which offers a convenient way
+`nlohmann` (https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) which offers a convenient way
 to handle json data in C++. Note that the library needs to be separately installed.
 The reference documentation is found :doc:`api/xjson`.
 
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@ The reference documentation is found :doc:`api/xjson`.
 
         xt::xarray<double> res;
         auto j = "[[10.0,10.0],[10.0,10.0]]"_json;
-        from_json(j, res);
+        xt::from_json(j, res);
     }
diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index 4ced4b104..4bccfffb8 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Outputs:
 Fourth example: broadcasting
 ----------------------------
 
-This last example shows how to broadcast the ``xt::pow`` universal function:
+This last example shows how to broadcast the :cpp:func:`xt::pow` universal function:
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/histogram.rst b/docs/source/histogram.rst
index e2f983ebc..f7796ce04 100644
--- a/docs/source/histogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/histogram.rst
@@ -12,23 +12,21 @@ Histogram
 Basic usage
 -----------
 
-.. note::
-
-    .. code-block:: cpp
-
-        xt::histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density])
-        xt::histogram_bin_edges(a[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode])
+* :cpp:func:`xt::histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density]) <xt::histogram>`
+* :cpp:func:`xt::histogram_bin_edges(a[, weights][, left, right][, bins][, mode]) <xt::histogram_bin_edges>`
 
+.. note::
     Any of the options ``[...]`` can be omitted (though the order must be preserved). The defaults are:
 
-    *   ``weights = xt::ones(data.shape())``
-    *   ``density = false``
-    *   ``left = xt::amin(data)(0)``
-    *   ``right = xt::amax(data)(0)``
-    *   ``bins = 10``
-    *   ``mode = xt::histogram::automatic``
+    *   ``weights`` = :cpp:func:`xt::ones(data.shape()) <xt::ones>`
+    *   ``density`` = ``false``
+    *   ``left`` = :cpp:func:`xt::amin(data)(0) <xt::amin>`
+    *   ``right`` = :cpp:func:`Xt::amax(data)(0) <xt::amax>`
+    *   ``bins`` = ``10``
+    *   ``mode`` = :cpp:enumerator:`xt::histogram::automatic`
 
-The behavior, in-, and output of ``histogram`` is similar to that of :any:`numpy.histogram` with that difference that the bin-edges are obtained by a separate function call:
+The behavior, in-, and output of :cpp:func:`xt::histogram` is similar to that of :any:`numpy.histogram`
+with that difference that the bin-edges are obtained by a separate function call:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
@@ -50,7 +48,8 @@ The behavior, in-, and output of ``histogram`` is similar to that of :any:`numpy
 Bin-edges algorithm
 -------------------
 
-To customize the algorithm to be used to construct the histogram, one needs to make use of the latter ``histogram_bin_edges``. For example:
+To customize the algorithm to be used to construct the histogram, one needs to make use of the latter
+:cpp:func:`xt::histogram_bin_edges`. For example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
@@ -72,12 +71,10 @@ To customize the algorithm to be used to construct the histogram, one needs to m
         return 0;
     }
 
-The following algorithms are available:
-
-*   ``automatic``: equivalent to ``linspace``.
-
-*   ``linspace``: linearly spaced bin-edges.
-
-*   ``logspace``: bins that logarithmically increase in size.
+The following :cpp:enum:`xt::histogram_algorithm` are available:
 
-*   ``uniform``: bin-edges such that the number of data points is the same in all bins (as much as possible).
+* :cpp:enumerator:`~xt::histogram_algorithm::automatic`: equivalent to :cpp:enumerator:`~xt::histogram_algorithm::linspace`.
+* :cpp:enumerator:`~xt::histogram_algorithm::linspace`: linearly spaced bin-edges.
+* :cpp:enumerator:`~xt::histogram_algorithm::logspace`: bins that logarithmically increase in size.
+* :cpp:enumerator:`~xt::histogram_algorithm::uniform`: bin-edges such that the number of data points is
+  the same in all bins (as much as possible).
diff --git a/docs/source/indices.rst b/docs/source/indices.rst
index 3273954c2..c9e9908ff 100644
--- a/docs/source/indices.rst
+++ b/docs/source/indices.rst
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ Operators: array index
 An *array index* can be specified to an operators by a sequence of numbers.
 To this end the following operators are at your disposal:
 
-``operator()(args...)``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`operator()(args...) <xt::xcontainer::operator>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a(1, 2) == 6``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::operator()`.
@@ -62,27 +62,27 @@ specified by an *array index* given by a number of unsigned integers.
 *   To post-pad an arbitrary number of zeros use ``xt::missing``
     (example ``a(2, xt::missing) == a(2, 0) == 8``.
 
-``at(args...)``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`at(args...) <xt::xcontainer::at>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a.at(1, 2) == 6``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::at`.
 
-Same as ``operator()``:
+Same as :cpp:func:`~xt::xcontainer::operator()`:
 Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
 specified by an *array index* given by a number of unsigned integers.
 
-``unchecked(args...)``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`unchecked(args...) <xt::xcontainer::unchecked>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a.unchecked(1, 2) == 6``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::unchecked`.
 
 Returns a (constant) reference to the element,
 specified by an *array index* given by a number of unsigned integers.
-Different than ``operator()`` there are no bounds checks (even when assertions) are turned on,
-and the number of indices is assumed to match the dimension of the array.
-``unchecked`` is thus aimed at performance.
+Different than :cpp:func:`~xt::xcontainer::operator()` there are no bounds checks (even when assertions)
+are turned on, and the number of indices is assumed to match the dimension of the array.
+:cpp:func:`~xt::xcontainer::unchecked` is thus aimed at performance.
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ and the number of indices is assumed to match the dimension of the array.
     post-pad zeros if you specify less indices than the rank of the array.
     Example: ``a.unchecked(1) == a(1, 0)``.
 
-``periodic(args...)``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`periodic(args...) <xt::xcaontainer::periodic>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a.periodic(-1, -2) == 7``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::periodic`.
@@ -103,16 +103,16 @@ For example, for the first axis: ``-1 -> a.shape(0) - 1 = 2``,
 likewise for example ``3 -> 3 - a.shape(0) = 0``.
 Of course this comes as the cost of some extra complexity.
 
-``in_bounds(args...)``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`in_bounds(args...) <xt::xcontainer::in_bounds>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a.in_bounds(1, 2) == true``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::in_bounds`.
 
 Check if the *array index* is 'in bounds', return ``false`` otherwise.
 
-``operator[]({...})``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`operator[]({...}) <xt::xcontainer::operator[]>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a[{1, 2}] == 6``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::operator[]`.
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ specified by an *array index* given by a list of unsigned integers.
 Operators: flat index
 ---------------------
 
-``flat(i)``
-^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`flat(i) <xt::xcontainer::flat>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a.flat(6) == 6``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::flat`.
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ given an unsigned integer.
 Array indices
 -------------
 
-Functions like ``xt::argwhere(a < 5)`` return a ``std::vector`` of *array indices*. Using the same matrix as above, we can do
+Functions like :cpp:func:`xt::argwhere(a \< 5) <xt::argwhere>` return a ``std::vector`` of *array indices*.
+Using the same matrix as above, we can do
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
@@ -170,12 +171,15 @@ which prints
      {2, 2},
      {2, 3}}
 
-To print the ``std::vector``, it is converted to a ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 2>`` array, which is done using ``xt::from_indices``.
+To print the ``std::vector``, it is converted to a :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor\<size_t, 2\> <xt::xtensor>`
+array, which is done using :cpp:func:`xt::from_indices`.
 
 From array indices to flat indices
 ----------------------------------
 
-To convert the array indices to a ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 1>`` of flat indices, ``xt::ravel_indices`` can be used. For the same example:
+To convert the array indices to a :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor\<size_t, 1\> <xt::xtensor>` of flat indices,
+:cpp:func:`xt::ravel_indices` can be used.
+For the same example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
@@ -211,7 +215,10 @@ which prints
 1-D arrays: array indices == flat indices
 -----------------------------------------
 
-For 1-D arrays the array indices and flat indices coincide. One can use the generic functions ``xt::flatten_indices`` to get a ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 1>`` of (array/flat) indices. For example:
+For 1-D arrays the array indices and flat indices coincide.
+One can use the generic functions :cpp:func:`xt::flatten_indices` to get a
+:cpp:type:`xt::xtensor\<size_t, 1\> <xt::xtensor>` of (array/flat) indices.
+For example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
@@ -240,7 +247,8 @@ which prints the indices and the selection (which are in this case identical):
 From flat indices to array indices
 ----------------------------------
 
-To convert *flat indices* to *array_indices* the function ``xt::unravel_indices`` can be used. For example
+To convert *flat indices* to *array_indices* the function :cpp:func:`xt::unravel_indices` can be used.
+For example
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
@@ -277,4 +285,5 @@ which prints
      {2, 2},
      {2, 3}}
 
-Notice that once again the function ``xt::from_indices`` has been used to convert a ``std::vector`` of indices to a ``xt::xtensor`` array for printing.
+Notice that once again the function :cpp:func:`xt::from_indices` has been used to convert a
+``std::vector`` of indices to a :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` array for printing.
diff --git a/docs/source/missing.rst b/docs/source/missing.rst
index 4d9f0677e..892a36bc6 100644
--- a/docs/source/missing.rst
+++ b/docs/source/missing.rst
@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@
 Missing values
 ==============
 
-``xtensor`` handles missing values and provides specialized container types for an optimized support of missing values.
+`xtensor` handles missing values and provides specialized container types for an optimized support of missing values.
 
 Optional expressions
 --------------------
 
-Support of missing values in xtensor is primarily provided through the ``xoptional`` value type and the ``xtensor_optional`` and
-``xarray_optional`` containers. In the following example, we instantiate a 2-D tensor with a missing value:
+Support of missing values in xtensor is primarily provided through the :cpp:type:`xtl::xoptional`
+value type and the :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_optional` and :cpp:type:`xt::xarray_optional` containers.
+In the following example, we instantiate a 2-D tensor with a missing value:
 
 .. code:: cpp
 
-    xtensor_optional<double, 2> m
+    xt::xtensor_optional<double, 2> m
         {{ 1.0 ,       2.0         },
          { 3.0 , missing<double>() }};
 
@@ -25,16 +26,19 @@ This code is semantically equivalent to
 
 .. code:: cpp
 
-    xtensor<xoptional<double>, 2> m
+    xt::xtensor<xtl::xoptional<double>, 2> m
         {{ 1.0 ,       2.0         },
          { 3.0 , missing<double>() }};
 
-The ``xtensor_optional`` container is optimized to handle missing values. Internally, instead of holding a single container
-of optional values, it holds an array of ``double`` and a boolean container where each value occupies a single bit instead of ``sizeof(bool)``
-bytes.
+The :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_optional` container is optimized to handle missing values.
+Internally, instead of holding a single container of optional values, it holds an array of ``double``
+and a boolean container where each value occupies a single bit instead of ``sizeof(bool)`` bytes.
 
-The ``xtensor_optional::reference`` typedef, which is the return type of ``operator()`` is a reference proxy which can be used as an
-lvalue for assigning new values in the array. It happens to be an instance of ``xoptional<T, B>`` where ``T`` and ``B`` are actually the reference types of the underlying storage for values and boolean flags.
+The :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_optional::reference` typedef, which is the return type of
+:cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator()` is a reference proxy which can be used as an
+lvalue for assigning new values in the array.
+It happens to be an instance of :cpp:type:`xtl::xoptional\<T, B\> <xtl::optional>` where ``T`` and
+``B`` are actually the reference types of the underlying storage for values and boolean flags.
 
 This technique enables performance improvements in mathematical operations over boolean arrays including SIMD optimizations, and
 reduces the memory footprint of optional arrays. It should be transparent to the user.
@@ -47,11 +51,11 @@ same way as regular scalars.
 
 .. code:: cpp
 
-    xtensor_optional<double, 2> a
+    xt::xtensor_optional<double, 2> a
         {{ 1.0 ,       2.0         },
          { 3.0 , missing<double>() }};
 
-    xtensor<double, 1> b
+    xt::xtensor<double, 1> b
         { 1.0, 2.0 };
 
     // `b` is broadcasted to match the shape of `a`
@@ -67,23 +71,25 @@ outputs:
 Optional assemblies
 -------------------
 
-The classes ``xoptional_assembly`` and ``xoptional_assembly_adaptor`` provide containers and adaptors holding missing values that are optimized
-for element-wise operations.
-Contrary to ``xtensor_optional`` and ``xarray_optional``, the optional assemblies hold two expressions, one holding the values, the other holding
-the mask for the missing values. The difference between ``xoptional_assembly`` and ``xoptional_assembly_adaptor`` is that the first one is the owner
-of the two expressions while the last one holds a reference on at least one of the two expressions.
+The classes :cpp:type:`xt::xoptional_assembly` and :cpp:type:`xt::xoptional_assembly_adaptor` provide
+containers and adaptors holding missing values that are optimized for element-wise operations.
+Contrary to :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_optional` and :cpp:type:`xt::xarray_optional`, the optional
+assemblies hold two expressions, one holding the values, the other holding the mask for the missing values.
+The difference between :cpp:type:`xt::xoptional_assembly` and :cpp:type:`xt::xoptional_assembly_adaptor`
+is that the first one is the owner of the two expressions while the last one holds a reference on at least
+one of the two expressions.
 
 .. code:: cpp
 
-    xarray<double> v
+    xt::xarray<double> v
         {{ 1.0, 2.0 },
          { 3.0, 4.0 }};
 
-    xarray<bool> hv
+    xt::xarray<bool> hv
         {{ true, true  },
          { true, false }};
 
-    xoptional_assembly<xarray<double>, xarray<bool>> assembly(v, hv);
+    xt::xoptional_assembly<xt::xarray<double>, xt::xarray<bool>> assembly(v, hv);
     std::cout << assembly << std::endl;
 
 outputs:
@@ -96,16 +102,19 @@ outputs:
 Handling expressions with missing values
 ----------------------------------------
 
-Functions ``has_value(E&& e)`` and ``value(E&& e)`` return expressions corresponding to the underlying value and flag of optional elements. When ``e`` is an lvalue, ``value(E&& e)`` and ``has_value(E&& e)`` are lvalues too.
+Functions :cpp:func:`xt::has_value(E&& e) <xt::has_value>` and :cpp:func:`xt::value(E&& e) <xt::value>`
+return expressions corresponding to the underlying value and flag of optional elements.
+When ``e`` is an lvalue, :cpp:func:`xt::has_value(E&& e) <xt::has_value>` and
+:cpp:func:`xt::value(E&& e) <xt::value>` are lvalues too.
 
 .. code:: cpp
 
-    xtensor_optional<double, 2> a
+    xt::xtensor_optional<double, 2> a
         {{ 1.0 ,       2.0         },
          { 3.0 , missing<double>() }};
 
 
-    xtensor<bool, 2> b = has_value(a);
+    xt::xtensor<bool, 2> b = xt::has_value(a);
 
     std::cout << b << std::endl;
 
diff --git a/docs/source/operator.rst b/docs/source/operator.rst
index b6c2566e6..695ba26d2 100644
--- a/docs/source/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/operator.rst
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ Arithmetic operators
 --------------------
 
 `xtensor` provides overloads of traditional arithmetic operators for
-``xexpression`` objects:
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` objects:
 
-- unary ``operator+``
-- unary ``operator-``
-- ``operator+``
-- ``operator-``
-- ``operator*``
-- ``operator/``
-- ``operator%``
+- unary :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator+`
+- unary :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator-`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator+`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator-`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator*`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator/`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator%`
 
 All these operators are element-wise operators and apply the lazy broadcasting
 rules explained in a previous section.
@@ -39,20 +39,20 @@ Logical operators
 
 `xtensor` also provides overloads of the logical operators:
 
-- ``operator!``
-- ``operator||``
-- ``operator&&``
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator!`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator||`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator&&`
 
 Like arithmetic operators, these logical operators are element-wise operators
 and apply the lazy broadcasting rules. In addition to these element-wise
 logical operators, `xtensor` provides two reducing boolean functions:
 
-- ``any(E&& e)`` returns ``true`` if any of ``e`` elements is truthy, ``false`` otherwise.
-- ``all(E&& e)`` returns ``true`` if all elements of ``e`` are truthy, ``false`` otherwise.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::any(E&& e) <xt::any>` returns ``true`` if any of ``e`` elements is truthy, ``false`` otherwise.
+- :cpp:func:`xt::all(E&& e) <xt::all>` returns ``true`` if all elements of ``e`` are truthy, ``false`` otherwise.
 
 and an element-wise ternary function (similar to the ``: ?`` ternary operator):
 
-- ``where(E&& b, E1&& e1, E2&& e2)`` returns an ``xexpression`` whose elements
+- :cpp:func:`xt::where(E&& b, E1&& e1, E2&& e2) <xt::where>` returns an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` whose elements
   are those of ``e1`` when corresponding elements of ``b`` are truthy, and
   those of ``e2`` otherwise.
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ and an element-wise ternary function (similar to the ``: ?`` ternary operator):
     xt::xarray<int> res = xt::where(b, a1, a2);
     // => res = { 11, 2, 3, 14 }
 
-Unlike in :any:`numpy.where`, ``xt::where`` takes full advantage of the lazyness
+Unlike in :any:`numpy.where`, :cpp:func:`xt::where` takes full advantage of the lazyness
 of `xtensor`.
 
 Comparison operators
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ Comparison operators
 
 `xtensor` provides overloads of the inequality operators:
 
-- ``operator<``
-- ``operator<=``
-- ``operator>``
-- ``operator>=``
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator\<`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator\<=`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator\>`
+- :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator\>=`
 
 These overloads of inequality operators are quite different from the standard
 C++ inequality operators: they are element-wise operators returning boolean
-``xexpression``:
+:cpp:type:`xexpression`:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -95,10 +95,12 @@ C++ inequality operators: they are element-wise operators returning boolean
 
 However, equality operators are similar to the traditional ones in C++:
 
-- ``operator==(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)`` returns ``true`` if ``e1`` and ``e2`` hold the same elements.
-- ``operator!=(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)`` returns ``true`` if ``e1`` and ``e2`` don't hold the same elements.
+- :cpp:func:`operator==(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) <xt::xexpression::operator==>` returns ``true`` if ``e1``
+  and ``e2`` hold the same elements.
+- :cpp:func:`operator!=(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) <xt::xexpression::operator!=>` returns ``true`` if ``e1``
+  and ``e2`` don't hold the same elements.
 
-Element-wise equality comparison can be achieved through the ``xt::equal``
+Element-wise equality comparison can be achieved through the :cpp:func:`xt::equal`
 function.
 
 .. code::
@@ -119,24 +121,24 @@ Bitwise operators
 
 `xtensor` also contains the following bitwise operators:
 
-- Bitwise and: ``operator&``
-- Bitwise or: ``operator|``
-- Bitwise xor: ``operator^``
-- Bitwise not: ``operator~``
-- Bitwise left/right shift: ``left_shift``, ``right_shift``
+- Bitwise and: :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator&`
+- Bitwise or: :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator|`
+- Bitwise xor: :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator^`
+- Bitwise not: :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator~`
+- Bitwise left/right shift: :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::left_shift`, :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::right_shift`
 
 Mathematical functions
 ----------------------
 
 `xtensor` provides overloads for many of the standard mathematical functions:
 
-- basic functions: ``abs``, ``remainder``, ``fma``, ...
-- exponential functions: ``exp``, ``expm1``, ``log``, ``log1p``, ...
-- power functions: ``pow``, ``sqrt``, ``cbrt``, ...
-- trigonometric functions: ``sin``, ``cos``, ``tan``, ...
-- hyperbolic functions: ``sinh``, ``cosh``, ``tanh``, ...
-- Error and gamma functions: ``erf``, ``erfc``, ``tgamma``, ``lgamma``, ....
-- Nearest integer floating point operations: ``ceil``, ``floor``, ``trunc``, ...
+- basic functions: :cpp:func:`xt::abs`, :cpp:func:`xt::remainder`, :cpp:func:`xt::fma`, ...
+- exponential functions: :cpp:func:`xt::exp`, :cpp:func:`xt::expm1`, :cpp:func:`xt::log`, :cpp:func:`xt::log1p`, ...
+- power functions: :cpp:func:`xt::pow`, :cpp:func:`xt::sqrt`, :cpp:func:`xt::cbrt`, ...
+- trigonometric functions: :cpp:func:`xt::sin`, :cpp:func:`xt::cos`, :cpp:func:`xt::tan`, ...
+- hyperbolic functions: :cpp:func:`xt::sinh`, :cpp:func:`xt::cosh`, :cpp:func:`xt::tanh`, ...
+- Error and gamma functions: :cpp:func:`xt::erf`, :cpp:func:`xt::erfc`, :cpp:func:`xt::tgamma`, :cpp:func:`xt::lgamma`, ....
+- Nearest integer floating point operations: :cpp:func:`xt::ceil`, :cpp:func:`xt::floor`, :cpp:func:`xt::trunc`, ...
 
 See the API reference for a comprehensive list of available functions. Like
 operators, the mathematical functions are element-wise functions and apply the
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ Casting
 
 `xtensor` will implicitly promote and/or cast tensor expression elements as
 needed, which suffices for most use-cases. But explicit casting can be
-performed via ``cast``, which performs an element-wise ``static_cast``.
+performed via :cpp:func:`xt::cast`, which performs an element-wise ``static_cast``.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ Reducers
 
 `xtensor` provides reducers, that is, means for accumulating values of tensor
 expressions over prescribed axes. The return value of a reducer is an
-``xexpression`` with the same shape as the input expression, with the specified
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` with the same shape as the input expression, with the specified
 axes removed.
 
 .. code::
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ axes removed.
     // => res.shape() = { 3, 4, 5 };
     // => res(0, 0, 0) = 12
 
-You can also call the ``reduce`` generator with your own reducing function:
+You can also call the :cpp:func:`xt::reduce` generator with your own reducing function:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -191,9 +193,9 @@ You can also call the ``reduce`` generator with your own reducing function:
                                         arr,
                                         {1, 3});
 
-The reduce generator also accepts a ``xreducer_functors`` object, a tuple of three functions
-(one for reducing, one for initialization and one for merging). A generator is provided to
-build the ``xreducer_functors`` object, the last function can be omitted:
+The reduce generator also accepts a :cpp:type:`xt::xreducer_functors` object, a tuple of three functions
+(one for reducing, one for initialization and one for merging).
+A generator is provided to build the :cpp:type:`xt::xreducer_functors` object, the last function can be omitted:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -218,8 +220,8 @@ the evaluation and get the result:
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     double res = xt::reduce([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; }, arr)();
 
-The ``value_type`` of a reducer is the traditional result type of the reducing operation. For instance,
-the ``value_type`` of the reducer for the sum is:
+The ``value_type`` of a reducer is the traditional result type of the reducing operation.
+For instance, the ``value_type`` of the reducer for the sum is:
 
 - ``int`` if the underlying expression holds ``int`` values
 - ``int`` if the underlying expression holds ``short`` values, because ``short + short`` = ``int``
@@ -237,14 +239,14 @@ computation:
     auto s1 = xt::sum<short>(arr); // No effect, short + int = int
     auto s2 = xt::sum<long int>(arr); // The value_type of s2 is long int
 
-When you write generic code and you want to limit overflows, you can use ``xt::big_promote_value_type_t``
+When you write generic code and you want to limit overflows, you can use :cpp:any:`xt::big_promote_value_type_t`
 as shown below:
 
 .. code::
 
     #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
     #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
-    
+
     template <class E>
     void my_computation(E&& e)
     {
@@ -255,10 +257,10 @@ Accumulators
 ------------
 
 Similar to reducers, `xtensor` provides accumulators which are used to
-implement cumulative functions such as ``cumsum`` or ``cumprod``. Accumulators
+implement cumulative functions such as :cpp:func:`xt::cumsum` or :cpp:func:`xt::cumprod`. Accumulators
 can currently only work on a single axis. Additionally, the accumulators are
-not lazy and do not return an xexpression, but rather an evaluated ``xarray``
-or ``xtensor``.
+not lazy and do not return an xexpression, but rather an evaluated :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`
+or :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor`.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ or ``xtensor``.
     // => res(0, 0, 0) = 1
     // => res(0, 7, 0) = 8
 
-You can also call the ``accumumulate`` generator with your own accumulating
+You can also call the :cpp:func:`xt::accumulate` generator with your own accumulating
 function. For example, the implementation of cumsum is as follows:
 
 .. code::
@@ -310,9 +312,10 @@ lot of CPU cycles. Additionally, *greedy* execution can benefit from SIMD
 acceleration over reduction axes and is faster when the entire result needs to
 be computed.
 
-Therefore, xtensor allows to select an ``evaluation_strategy``. Currently, two
-evaluation strategies are implemented: ``evaluation_strategy::immediate`` and
-``evaluation_strategy::lazy``. When ``immediate`` evaluation is selected, the
+Therefore, xtensor allows to select an :cpp:enum:`xt::evaluation_strategy`. Currently, two
+evaluation strategies are implemented: :cpp:enumerator:`xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate` and
+:cpp:enumerator:`xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy`.
+When :cpp:enumerator:`~xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate` evaluation is selected, the
 return value is not an xexpression, but an in-memory datastructure such as a
 xarray or xtensor (depending on the input values).
 
@@ -328,20 +331,20 @@ Choosing an evaluation_strategy is straightforward. For reducers:
     // or select the default:
     // auto res = xt::sum(a, {1, 3}, xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy);
 
-Note: for accumulators, only the ``immediate`` evaluation strategy is currently
-implemented.
+Note: for accumulators, only the :cpp:enumerator:`~xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate` evaluation
+strategy is currently implemented.
 
 Universal functions and vectorization
 -------------------------------------
 
 `xtensor` provides utilities to **vectorize any scalar function** (taking
 multiple scalar arguments) into a function that will perform on
-``xexpression`` s, applying the lazy broadcasting rules which we described in a
-previous section. These functions are called ``xfunction`` s. They are
-`xtensor`'s counterpart to numpy's universal functions.
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` s, applying the lazy broadcasting rules which we described in a
+previous section. These functions are called :cpp:type:`xt::xfunction` s.
+They are `xtensor`'s counterpart to numpy's universal functions.
 
 Actually, all arithmetic and logical operators, inequality operator and
-mathematical functions we described before are ``xfunction`` s.
+mathematical functions we described before are :cpp:type:`xt::xfunction` s.
 
 The following snippet shows how to vectorize a scalar function taking two
 arguments:
diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index 6e40218f0..860773765 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ It is strictly equivalent to
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {1, 3, 4, 2};
 
-To initialize a 4D-array with the given shape, use the ``from_shape`` static method:
+To initialize a 4D-array with the given shape, use the :cpp:func:`xt::xarray::from_shape` static method:
 
 .. code::
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 3, 4, 2});
 
-The confusion often comes from the way ``xtensor`` can be initialized:
+The confusion often comes from the way :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` can be initialized:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ be tempted to simplify it a bit:
         return (1 - tmp) / (1 + tmp);
     }
 
-Unfortunately, you introduced a bug; indeed, expressions in ``xtensor`` are not evaluated
+Unfortunately, you introduced a bug; indeed, expressions in `xtensor` are not evaluated
 immediately, they capture their arguments by reference or copy depending on their nature,
 for future evaluation. Since ``tmp`` is an lvalue, it is captured by reference in the last
 statement; when the function returns, ``tmp`` is destroyed, leading to a dangling reference
@@ -85,20 +85,19 @@ generator does not give the same random number if called twice.
 
     // a0 != a1 !!!
 
-You need to explicitly assign or eval a random number generator, 
-like so:
+You need to explicitly assign or eval a random number generator, like so:
 
 .. code::
 
     xt::xarray<double> xr = xt::random::rand<double>({10, 10});
-    auto xr2 = eval(xt::random::rand<double>({10, 10}));
+    auto xr2 = xt::eval(xt::random::rand<double>({10, 10}));
 
     // now xr(0, 0) == xr(0, 0) is true.
 
 variance arguments
 ------------------
 
-When ``variance`` is passed an expression and an integer parameter, this latter
+When :cpp:func:`xt::variance` is passed an expression and an integer parameter, this latter
 is not the axis along which the variance must be computed, but the degree of freedom:
 
 .. code::
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ If you want to specify an axis, you need to pass an initializer list:
 fixed_shape on Windows
 ----------------------
 
-Builder functions such as ``empty`` or ``ones`` accept an initializer list
+Builder functions such as :cpp:func:`xt::empty` or :cpp:func:`xt::ones` accept an initializer list
 as argument. If the elements of this list do not have the same type, a
 curious compilation error may occur on Windows:
 
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ Alignment of fixed-size members
 
     If you are using ``C++ >= 17`` you should not have to worry about this.
 
-When building with ``xsimd`` (see :ref:`external-dependencies`), if you define a structure
+When building with `xsimd` (see :ref:`external-dependencies`), if you define a structure
 having members of fixed-size xtensor types, you must ensure that the buffers properly
 aligned. For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN`` available in
 ``xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp``.
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
index a70b5f784..1d8cb83f8 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Tensor types
 .. note::
 
    Except if mentioned otherwise, the methods described below are available for the
-   three kinds of containers, even if the examples show ``xarray`` usage only.
+   three kinds of containers, even if the examples show :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` usage only.
 
 Initialization
 --------------
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Print the shape
 Reshape
 -------
 
-The number of elements of an ``xarray`` must remain the same:
+The number of elements of an :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` must remain the same:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ The number of elements of an ``xarray`` must remain the same:
     std::cout << a0 << std::endl;
     // outputs {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6. }}
 
-For ``xtensor`` the number of elements and the number of dimensions
+For :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` the number of elements and the number of dimensions
 must remain the same:
 
 .. code::
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Resize
     xt::xarray<double> a0 = {1., 2., 3, 4.};
     a0.resize({2, 3});
 
-When resizing an ``xtensor`` object, the number of dimensions must remain
+When resizing an :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` object, the number of dimensions must remain
 the same:
 
 .. code::
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
index 119086638..c7e0e9ebb 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Motivation
 ----------
 
 Arrays can be very large and may not fit in memory. In this case, you may not be
-able to use an in-memory array such as an ``xarray``. A solution to this problem
+able to use an in-memory array such as an :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`. A solution to this problem
 is to cut up the large array into many small arrays, called chunks. Not only do
 the chunks fit comfortably in memory, but this also allows to process them in
 parallel, including in a distributed environment (although this is not supported
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ use the `chunked_array` factory function:
     a(3, 9, 2) = 1.;  // this will address the chunk of index (1, 3, 0)
                       // and in this chunk, the element of index (1, 0, 2)
 
-Chunked arrays implement the full semantic of ``xarray``, including lazy
+Chunked arrays implement the full semantic of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, including lazy
 evaluation.
 
 Stored chunked arrays
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/math.rst b/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
index d3be052e0..5087761a4 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Mathematical functions
 
 Operations and functions of ``xtensor`` are not evaluated until they are assigned.
 In the following, ``e1``, ``e2`` and ``e3`` can be arbitrary tensor expressions.
-The results of operations and functions are assigned to ``xt::xarray`` in the examples,
+The results of operations and functions are assigned to :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` in the examples,
 but that could be any other container (or even views). To keep an unevaluated
 operator / function, assign to an ``auto`` variable:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst b/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
index adecd9799..04c58e8a9 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Operators
 
 Operations and functions of ``xtensor`` are not evaluated until they are assigned.
 In the following, ``e1``, ``e2`` and ``e3`` can be arbitrary tensor expressions.
-The results of operations and functions are assigned to ``xt::xarray`` in the examples,
+The results of operations and functions are assigned to :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` in the examples,
 but that could be any other container (or even views). To keep an unevaluated
 operator / function, assign to an ``auto`` variable:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/random.rst b/docs/source/random.rst
index ab8dfad04..69e51384a 100644
--- a/docs/source/random.rst
+++ b/docs/source/random.rst
@@ -10,10 +10,8 @@
 Random
 ******
 
-xt::random::seed
-================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::seed <random-seed-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::seed`
+============================
 
 Set seed for random number generator. A common practice to get a 'real' random number is to use:
 
@@ -25,50 +23,32 @@ Set seed for random number generator. A common practice to get a 'real' random n
 
     xt::random::seed(time(NULL));
 
-xt::random::rand
-================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::rand <random-rand-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::randint
-===================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::randint <random-randint-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::randn
-=================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::rand`
+============================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::randn <random-randn-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::randint`
+===============================
 
-xt::random::binomial
-====================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::binomial <random-binomial-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::geometric
-=====================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::geometric <random-geometric-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::negative_binomial
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::randn`
 =============================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::negative_binomial <random-negative_binomial-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::poisson
-===================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::binomial`
+================================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::poisson <random-poisson-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::geometric`
+=================================
 
-xt::random::exponential
-=======================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::negative_binomial`
+=========================================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::exponential <random-exponential-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::poisson`
+===============================
 
-xt::random::gamma
-=================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::exponential`
+===================================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::gamma <random-gamma-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::gamma`
+=============================
 
 Produces (an array of) random positive floating-point values,
 distributed according to the probability density:
@@ -77,7 +57,8 @@ distributed according to the probability density:
 
     P(x) = x^{\alpha-1} \frac{e^{-x / \beta}}{\beta^\alpha \; \Gamma(\alpha)}
 
-where :math:`\alpha` is the shape (also known as :math:`k`) and :math:`\beta` the scale (also known as :math:`\theta`), and :math:`\Gamma` is the Gamma function.
+where :math:`\alpha` is the shape (also known as :math:`k`) and :math:`\beta` the scale
+(also known as :math:`\theta`), and :math:`\Gamma` is the Gamma function.
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -90,10 +71,8 @@ where :math:`\alpha` is the shape (also known as :math:`k`) and :math:`\beta` th
     *   `Weisstein, Eric W. "Gamma Distribution." From MathWorld – A Wolfram Web Resource. <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaDistribution.html>`_
     *   `Wikipedia, "Gamma distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution>`_
 
-xt::random::weibull
-===================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::weibull <random-weibull-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::weibull`
+===============================
 
 Produces (an array of) random positive floating-point values,
 distributed according to the probability density:
@@ -124,42 +103,26 @@ Note that you can specify only :math:`a` while choosing the default for :math:`b
     *   `std::weibull_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/weibull_distribution>`_
     *   `Wikipedia, "Weibull distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibull_distribution>`_
 
-xt::random::extreme_value
-=========================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::extreme_value <random-extreme_value-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::lognormal
-=====================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::lognormal <random-lognormal-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::cauchy
-==================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::cauchy <random-cauchy-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::fisher_f
-====================
-
-:ref:`xt::random::fisher_f <random-fisher_f-function-reference>`
-
-xt::random::student_t
-=====================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::extreme_value`
+=====================================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::student_t <random-student_t-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::lognormal`
+=================================
 
-xt::random::choice
-==================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::cauchy`
+==============================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::choice <random-choice-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::fisher_f`
+================================
 
-xt::random::shuffle
-===================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::student_t`
+=================================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::shuffle <random-shuffle-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::choice`
+==============================
 
-xt::random::permutation
-=======================
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::shuffle`
+===============================
 
-:ref:`xt::random::permutation <random-permutation-function-reference>`
+:cpp:func:`xt::random::permutation`
+===================================
diff --git a/docs/source/rank.rst b/docs/source/rank.rst
index b9496eead..330ac8c50 100644
--- a/docs/source/rank.rst
+++ b/docs/source/rank.rst
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ Consider the following example:
 Rank as member
 --------------
 
-If you want to use the rank as a member of your own class you can use ``xt::get_rank<E>``.
+If you want to use the rank as a member of your own class you can use
+:cpp:type:`xt::get_rank\<E\> <xt::get_rank>`.
 Consider the following example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
diff --git a/docs/source/scalar.rst b/docs/source/scalar.rst
index 6c0dab9b0..562ffc876 100644
--- a/docs/source/scalar.rst
+++ b/docs/source/scalar.rst
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ Scalars and 0-D expressions
 Assignment
 ----------
 
-In ``xtensor``, scalars are handled as if they were 0-dimensional expressions. This means that when assigning
-a scalar value to an ``xarray``, the array is **not filled** with that value, but resized to become a 0-D
-array containing the scalar value:
+In `xtensor`, scalars are handled as if they were 0-dimensional expressions.
+This means that when assigning a scalar value to an :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, the array is **not filled** with that value,
+but resized to become a 0-D array containing the scalar value:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -94,9 +94,10 @@ Then, somewhere in your program:
     eval_mean(a, b);
     // Now b is a 0-D container holding 3.5.
 
-After that, ``b`` is a 0-dimensional array containing the mean of the elements of ``a``. Indeed, ``sum(a) / e1.size()`` is a
-0-D expression, thus when assigned to ``b``, this latter is resized. Later, you realize that you also need the sum of the elements
-of ``a``. Since the ``eval_mean`` function already computes it, you decide to return it from that function:
+After that, ``b`` is a 0-dimensional array containing the mean of the elements of ``a``.
+Indeed, ``sum(a) / e1.size()`` is a 0-D expression, thus when assigned to ``b``, this latter is resized.
+Later, you realize that you also need the sum of the elements of ``a``.
+Since the ``eval_mean()`` function already computes it, you decide to return it from that function:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -120,8 +121,9 @@ And then you change the client code:
     double s = eval_mean(a, b);
     // Now b is a 2-D container!
 
-After that, ``b`` has become a 2-dimensional array! Indeed, since assigning a scalar to an expression does not resize it, the change in
-``eval_mean`` implementation now assigns the mean of ``a`` to each elements of ``b``.
+After that, ``b`` has become a 2-dimensional array!
+Indeed, since assigning a scalar to an expression does not resize it, the change in ``eval_mean()``
+implementation now assigns the mean of ``a`` to each elements of ``b``.
 
 This simple example shows that without consistency between scalars and 0-D expressions, refactoring the code to cache the result
 of some 0-D computation actually *silently* changes the shape of the expressions that this result is assigned to.
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index b30e404c5..a3f4efe22 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -9,26 +9,26 @@
 Views
 =====
 
-Views are used to adapt the shape of an ``xexpression`` without changing it, nor copying it. Views are 
+Views are used to adapt the shape of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` without changing it, nor copying it. Views are 
 convenient tools for assigning parts of an expression: since they do not copy the underlying expression,
 assigning to the view actually assigns to the underlying expression. `xtensor` provides many kinds of views.
 
 Sliced views
 ------------
 
-Sliced views consist of the combination of the ``xexpression`` to adapt, and a list of ``slice`` that specify how
-the shape must be adapted. Sliced views are implemented by the ``xview`` class. Objects of this type should not be
-instantiated directly, but though the ``view`` helper function.
+Sliced views consist of the combination of the :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` to adapt, and a list of ``slice`` that specify how
+the shape must be adapted. Sliced views are implemented by the :cpp:type:`xt::xview` class. Objects of this type should not be
+instantiated directly, but though the :cpp:func:`xt::view` helper function.
 
 Slices can be specified in the following ways:
 
 - selection in a dimension by specifying an index (unsigned integer)
-- ``range(min, max)``, a slice representing the interval [min, max)
-- ``range(min, max, step)``, a slice representing the stepped interval [min, max)
-- ``all()``, a slice representing all the elements of a dimension
-- ``newaxis()``, a slice representing an additional dimension of length one
-- ``keep(i0, i1, i2, ...)`` a slice selecting non-contiguous indices to keep on the underlying expression
-- ``drop(i0, i1, i2, ...)`` a slice selecting non-contiguous indices to drop on the underlying expression
+- :cpp:func:`xt::range(min, max) <xt::range>`, a slice representing the interval [min, max)
+- :cpp:func:`xt::range(min, max, step) <xt::range>`, a slice representing the stepped interval [min, max)
+- :cpp:func:`xt::all`, a slice representing all the elements of a dimension
+- :cpp:func:`xt::newaxis`, a slice representing an additional dimension of length one
+- :cpp:func:`xt::keep(i0, i1, i2, ...) <xt::keep>` a slice selecting non-contiguous indices to keep on the underlying expression
+- :cpp:func:`xt::drop(i0, i1, i2, ...) <xt::drop>` a slice selecting non-contiguous indices to drop on the underlying expression
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ The range function supports the placeholder ``_`` syntax:
     // The previous line is equivalent to
     auto v2 = xt::view(a, xt::range(0, 2), xt::all(), xt::range(1, 4));
 
-``xview`` does not perform a copy of the underlying expression. This means if you modify an element of the ``xview``,
+:cpp:type:`xt::xview` does not perform a copy of the underlying expression.
+This means if you modify an element of the :cpp:type:`xt::xview`,
 you are actually also altering the underlying expression.
 
 .. code::
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ you are actually also altering the underlying expression.
     v1(0, 0) = 1;
     // => a(1, 0, 1) = 1
 
-The convenient methods ``row`` and ``col`` are available for 2-D expressions:
+The convenient methods :cpp:func:`xt::row` and :cpp:func:`xt::col` are available for 2-D expressions:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -109,14 +110,18 @@ The convenient methods ``row`` and ``col`` are available for 2-D expressions:
     // => r = {1, 2}
     auto c = xt::col(a, -1);
     // => c = { 2, 4 }
-    
+
 Strided views
 -------------
 
-While the ``xt::view`` is a compile-time static expression, xtensor also contains a dynamic strided view in ``xstrided_view.hpp``.
-The strided view and the slice vector allow to dynamically push_back slices, so when the dimension is unknown at compile time, the slice
-vector can be built dynamically at runtime. Note that the slice vector is actually a type-alias for a ``std::vector`` of a ``variant`` for
-all the slice types. The strided view does not support the slices returned by the ``keep`` and ``drop`` functions.
+While the :cpp:func:`xt::view` is a compile-time static expression, xtensor also contains a dynamic
+strided view in ``xstrided_view.hpp``.
+The strided view and the slice vector allow to dynamically push_back slices, so when the dimension
+is unknown at compile time, the slice vector can be built dynamically at runtime.
+Note that the slice vector is actually a type-alias for a ``std::vector`` of a ``variant`` for
+all the slice types.
+The strided view does not support the slices returned by the :cpp:func:`xt::keep` and
+:cpp:func:`xt::drop` functions.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -154,13 +159,15 @@ Since ``xtensor 0.16.3``, a new range syntax can be used with strided views:
     // The previous line is equivalent to
     auto v2 = xt::strided_view(a, {xt::range(0, 1), 1, xt::range(_, 2), xt::range(_, _, -1)});
 
-The ``xstrided_view`` is very efficient on contigous memory (e.g. ``xtensor`` or ``xarray``) but less efficient on xexpressions.
+The :cpp:type:`xt::xstrided_view` is very efficient on contigous memory
+(e.g. :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` or :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`) but less efficient on\
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`s.
 
 Transposed views
 ----------------
 
-``xtensor`` provides a lazy transposed view on any expression, whose layout is either row-major order or column major order. Trying to build
-a transposed view on a expression with a dynamic layout throws an exception.
+``xtensor`` provides a lazy transposed view on any expression, whose layout is either row-major order or column major order.
+Trying to build a transposed view on a expression with a dynamic layout throws an exception.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -175,13 +182,14 @@ a transposed view on a expression with a dynamic layout throws an exception.
     auto tr2 = xt::transpose(b);
     // => throw transpose_error
 
-Like the strided view, the transposed view is built upon the ``xstrided_view``.
+Like the strided view, the transposed view is built upon the :cpp:type:`xt::xstrided_view`.
 
 Flatten views
 -------------
 
-It is sometimes useful to have a one-dimensional view of all the elements of an expression. ``xtensor`` provides two functions
-for that, ``ravel`` and ``flatten``. The former one lets you specify the order used to read the elements while the latter one
+It is sometimes useful to have a one-dimensional view of all the elements of an expression.
+``xtensor`` provides two functions for that, :cpp:func:`xt::ravel` and :cpp:func:`xt::flatten`.
+The former one lets you specify the order used to read the elements while the latter one
 uses the layout of the expression.
 
 .. code::
@@ -198,7 +206,7 @@ uses the layout of the expression.
     std::cout << fl << std::endl;
     // => prints { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
 
-Like the strided view and the transposed view, the flatten view is built upon the ``xstrided_view``.
+Like the strided view and the transposed view, the flatten view is built upon the :cpp:type:`xt::xstrided_view`.
 
 Reshape views
 -------------
@@ -220,14 +228,15 @@ the view modifies the underlying expression.
     v(0, 2, 0) = 4;
     // a(0, 1, 2) == 4
 
-Like the strided view and the transposed view, the reshape view is built upon the ``xstrided_view``.
+Like the strided view and the transposed view, the reshape view is built upon the :cpp:type:`xt::xstrided_view`.
 
 Dynamic views
 -------------
 
-The dynamic view is like the strided view, but with support of the slices returned by the ``keep`` and ``drop`` functions.
-However, this support has a cost and the dynamic view is slower than the strided view, even when no keeping or dropping of a 
-slice is involved.
+The dynamic view is like the strided view, but with support of the slices returned by the
+:cpp:func:`xt::keep` and :cpp:func:`xt::drop` functions.
+However, this support has a cost and the dynamic view is slower than the strided view, even when no
+keeping or dropping of a slice is involved.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -250,9 +259,10 @@ slice is involved.
 Index views
 -----------
 
-Index views are one-dimensional views of an ``xexpression``, containing the elements whose positions are specified by a list
-of indices. Like for sliced views, the elements of the underlying ``xexpression`` are not copied. Index views should be built
-with the ``index_view`` helper function.
+Index views are one-dimensional views of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`, containing the elements
+whose positions are specified by a list of indices.
+Like for sliced views, the elements of the underlying :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` are not copied.
+Index views should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::index_view` helper function.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -265,8 +275,8 @@ with the ``index_view`` helper function.
     b += 100;
     // => a = {{101, 5, 3}, {104, 105, 6}}
 
-The type used for representing indices can be any 1-D container providing an std::vector-like API. The same stands for the type
-of the list of indices:
+The type used for representing indices can be any 1-D container providing an ``std::vector``-like API.
+The same stands for the type of the list of indices:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -284,8 +294,9 @@ of the list of indices:
 Filter views
 ------------
 
-Filters are one-dimensional views holding elements of an ``xexpression`` that verify a given condition. Like for other views,
-the elements of the underlying ``xexpression`` are not copied. Filters should be built with the ``filter`` helper function.
+Filters are one-dimensional views holding elements of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` that verify a given condition.
+Like for other views, the elements of the underlying :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` are not copied.
+Filters should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::filter` helper function.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -301,9 +312,10 @@ the elements of the underlying ``xexpression`` are not copied. Filters should be
 Filtration
 ----------
 
-Sometimes, the only thing you want to do with a filter is to assign it a scalar. Though this can be done as shown
-in the previous section, this is not the *optimal* way to do it. `xtensor` provides a specially optimized mechanism
-for that, called filtration. A filtration IS NOT an ``xexpression``, the only methods it provides are scalar and
+Sometimes, the only thing you want to do with a filter is to assign it a scalar.
+Though this can be done as shown in the previous section, this is not the *optimal* way to do it.
+`xtensor` provides a specially optimized mechanism for that, called filtration.
+A filtration IS NOT an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`, the only methods it provides are scalar and
 computed scalar assignments.
 
 .. code::
@@ -318,7 +330,7 @@ computed scalar assignments.
 Masked view
 -----------
 
-Masked views are multidimensional views that apply a mask on an ``xexpression``.
+Masked views are multidimensional views that apply a mask on an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -337,9 +349,10 @@ Masked views are multidimensional views that apply a mask on an ``xexpression``.
 Broadcasting views
 ------------------
 
-Another type of view provided by `xtensor` is *broadcasting view*. Such a view broadcasts an expression to the specified
-shape. As long as the view is not assigned to an array, no memory allocation or copy occurs. Broadcasting views should be
-built with the ``broadcast`` helper function.
+Another type of view provided by `xtensor` is *broadcasting view*.
+Such a view broadcasts an expression to the specified shape.
+As long as the view is not assigned to an array, no memory allocation or copy occurs.
+Broadcasting views should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::broadcast` helper function.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -357,16 +370,22 @@ built with the ``broadcast`` helper function.
 Complex views
 -------------
 
-In the case of a tensor containing complex numbers, `xtensor` provides views returning ``xexpression`` corresponding to the real
-and imaginary parts of the complex numbers. Like for other views, the elements of the underlying ``xexpression`` are not copied.
+In the case of a tensor containing complex numbers, `xtensor` provides views returning
+:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of the complex numbers.
+Like for other views, the elements of the underlying :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` are not copied.
 
-Functions ``xt::real`` and ``xt::imag`` respectively return views on the real and imaginary part of a complex expression.
+Functions :cpp:func:`xt::real` and :cpp:func:`xt::imag` respectively return views on the real and
+imaginary part of a complex expression.
 The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed argument.
 
-- The constness and value category (rvalue / lvalue) of ``real(a)`` is the same as that of ``a``. Hence, if ``a`` is a non-const lvalue,
-  ``real(a)`` is an non-const lvalue reference, to which one can assign a real expression.
-- If ``a`` has complex values, the same holds for ``imag(a)``. The constness and value category of ``imag(a)`` is the same as that of ``a``.
-- If ``a`` has real values, ``imag(a)`` returns ``zeros(a.shape())``.
+- The constness and value category (rvalue / lvalue) of :cpp:func:`xt::real(a) <xt::real>` is the same
+  as that of ``a``.
+  Hence, if ``a`` is a non-const lvalue, :cpp:func:`xt::real(a) <xt::real>` is an non-const lvalue
+  reference, to which one can assign a real expression.
+- If ``a`` has complex values, the same holds for :cpp:func:`xt::imag(a) <xt::imag>`.
+  The constness and value category of :cpp:func:`xt::imag(a) <xt::imag>` is the same as that of ``a``.
+- If ``a`` has real values, :cpp:func:`xt::imag(a) <xt::imag>` returns
+  :cpp:func:`xt::zeros(a.shape()) <xt::zeros>`.
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -386,8 +405,9 @@ The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed argument.
 Assigning to a view
 -------------------
 
-When assigning an expression ``rhs`` to a container such as ``xarray``, the container is resized so its shape is the same as the one
-of ``rhs``. However, since views *cannot be resized*, when assigning an expression to a view, broadcasting rules are applied:
+When assigning an expression ``rhs`` to a container such as :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, the container
+is resized so its shape is the same as the one of ``rhs``.
+However, since views *cannot be resized*, when assigning an expression to a view, broadcasting rules are applied:
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 6135ea2c1..12ece9951 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto chi_squared(const I (&shape)[L], T deg = 1.0,
                          E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
-                         
+
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto cauchy(const I (&shape)[L], T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());

From 226e8ddc4ae8da9b893364aef53fdf87d641f65a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2021 14:53:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 312/606] Refer to xtensor lib in italic

---
 docs/source/adaptor.rst                       |  6 ++--
 docs/source/api/iterator_index.rst            |  2 +-
 docs/source/build-options.rst                 | 14 +++++-----
 docs/source/builder.rst                       |  4 +--
 docs/source/changelog.rst                     | 20 ++++++-------
 docs/source/closure-semantics.rst             |  8 +++---
 docs/source/container.rst                     |  8 +++---
 docs/source/dev-build-options.rst             | 18 ++++++------
 docs/source/developer/assignment.rst          |  8 +++---
 docs/source/developer/concepts.rst            |  6 ++--
 docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst     | 14 +++++-----
 .../developer/implementation_classes.rst      |  8 +++---
 .../source/developer/iterating_expression.rst |  6 ++--
 docs/source/developer/xtensor_internals.rst   |  4 +--
 docs/source/expression.rst                    |  4 +--
 docs/source/external-structures.rst           | 18 ++++++------
 docs/source/file_loading.rst                  |  4 +--
 docs/source/getting_started.rst               | 10 +++----
 docs/source/index.rst                         | 12 ++++----
 docs/source/installation.rst                  | 12 ++++----
 docs/source/missing.rst                       |  2 +-
 docs/source/operator.rst                      | 28 +++++++++----------
 docs/source/pitfall.rst                       |  4 +--
 docs/source/quickref/basic.rst                |  2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/builder.rst              |  4 +--
 docs/source/quickref/math.rst                 |  2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/operator.rst             |  2 +-
 docs/source/rank.rst                          |  2 +-
 docs/source/related.rst                       | 18 ++++++------
 docs/source/scalar.rst                        |  2 +-
 docs/source/view.rst                          | 12 ++++----
 31 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/adaptor.rst b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
index 6f679ddce..c4bd153ac 100644
--- a/docs/source/adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 Adapting 1-D containers
 =======================
 
-`xtensor` can adapt one-dimensional containers in place, and provide them a tensor interface.
+*xtensor* can adapt one-dimensional containers in place, and provide them a tensor interface.
 Only random access containers can be adapted.
 
 Adapting std::vector
 --------------------
 
 The following example shows how to bring an ``std::vector`` into the expression system of
-`xtensor`:
+*xtensor*:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the corresponding value in ``v``:
 Adapting C-style arrays
 -----------------------
 
-`xtensor` provides two ways for adapting a C-style array; the first one does not take the
+*xtensor* provides two ways for adapting a C-style array; the first one does not take the
 ownership of the array:
 
 .. code::
diff --git a/docs/source/api/iterator_index.rst b/docs/source/api/iterator_index.rst
index 6fb8186f6..7640a740a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/iterator_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/iterator_index.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Iterators
 =========
 
-In addition to the iterators defined in the different types of expressions, ``xtensor`` provides
+In addition to the iterators defined in the different types of expressions, *xtensor* provides
 classes that allow to iterate over slices of an expression along a specified axis.
 
 .. toctree::
diff --git a/docs/source/build-options.rst b/docs/source/build-options.rst
index 44b4022e0..b076c422b 100644
--- a/docs/source/build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/build-options.rst
@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ Build and configuration
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-`xtensor` can be configured via macros which must be defined *before* including
+*xtensor* can be configured via macros which must be defined *before* including
 any of its headers. This can be achieved the following ways:
 
 - either define them in the CMakeLists of your project, with ``target_compile_definitions``
   cmake command.
 - or create a header where you define all the macros you want and then include the headers you
-  need. Then include this header whenever you need `xtensor` in your project.
+  need. Then include this header whenever you need *xtensor* in your project.
 
-The following macros are already defined in `xtensor` but can be overwritten:
+The following macros are already defined in *xtensor* but can be overwritten:
 
 - ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER(T, A)``: defines the type used as the default data container for tensors and arrays. ``T``
   is the ``value_type`` of the container and ``A`` its ``allocator_type``.
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ The following macros are already defined in `xtensor` but can be overwritten:
 
 The following macros are helpers for debugging, they are not defined by default:
 
-- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT``: enables assertions in `xtensor`, such as bound check.
-- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION``: enables the dimensions check in `xtensor`. Note that this option should not be turned
+- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT``: enables assertions in *xtensor*, such as bound check.
+- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION``: enables the dimensions check in *xtensor*. Note that this option should not be turned
   on if you expect ``operator()`` to perform broadcasting.
 
 .. _external-dependencies:
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ External dependencies
 The last group of macros is for using external libraries to achieve maximum performance (see next section for additional
 requirements):
 
-- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables SIMD acceleration in `xtensor`. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
+- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables SIMD acceleration in *xtensor*. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_TBB``: enables parallel assignment loop. This requires that you have tbb_ installed
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS``: disables c++ exceptions.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP``: enables parallel assignment loop using OpenMP. This requires that OpenMP is available on your system.
 
-Defining these macros in the CMakeLists of your project before searching for `xtensor` will trigger automatic finding
+Defining these macros in the CMakeLists of your project before searching for *xtensor* will trigger automatic finding
 of dependencies, so you don't have to include the ``find_package(xsimd)`` and ``find_package(TBB)`` commands in your
 CMakeLists:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/builder.rst b/docs/source/builder.rst
index dd071e9fa..6d02e7a30 100644
--- a/docs/source/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/builder.rst
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 Expression builders
 ===================
 
-`xtensor` provides functions to ease the build of common N-dimensional expressions. The expressions
-returned by these functions implement the laziness of `xtensor`, that is, they don't hold any value.
+*xtensor* provides functions to ease the build of common N-dimensional expressions. The expressions
+returned by these functions implement the laziness of *xtensor*, that is, they don't hold any value.
 Values are computed upon request.
 
 Ones and zeros
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 6d5700cad..a13c4e23b 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1888 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1888>`_
 - Fixed ``reshape`` return
   `#1886 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1886>`_
-- Enabled ``add_subdirectory`` for ``xsimd``
+- Enabled ``add_subdirectory`` for *xsimd*
   `#1889 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1889>`_
 - Support ``ddof`` argument for ``xt::variance``
   `#1893 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1893>`_
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1556 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1556>`_
 - Fixed ``real``, ``imag``, and ``functor_view``
   `#1554 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1554>`_
-- Allows to include ``xsimd`` without defining ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``
+- Allows to include *xsimd* without defining ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``
   `#1548 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1548>`_
 - Fixed ``argsort`` in column major
   `#1547 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1547>`_
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1497 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1497>`_
 - Removed unused capture
   `#1499 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1499>`_
-- Upgraded to ``xtl`` 0.6.2
+- Upgraded to *xtl* 0.6.2
   `#1502 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1502>`_
 - Added missing methods in ``xshared_expression``
   `#1503 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1503>`_
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ Breaking changes
   `#1389 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1389>`_
 - Removed deprecated type ``slice_vector``
   `#1459 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1459>`_
-- Upgraded to ``xtl`` 0.6.1
+- Upgraded to *xtl* 0.6.1
   `#1468 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1465>`_
 - Added ``keep_dims`` option to reducers
   `#1474 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1474>`_
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1339 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1339>`_.
 - Prevent embiguity with `xsimd::reduce`
   `#1343 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1343>`_.
-- Require `xtl` 0.5.3
+- Require *xtl* 0.5.3
   `#1346 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1346>`_.
 - Use concepts instead of SFINAE
   `#1347 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1347>`_.
@@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1074 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1074>`_.
 - Clean documentation for views
   `#1131 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1131>`_.
-- Build with ``xsimd`` on Windows fixed
+- Build with *xsimd* on Windows fixed
   `#1127 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1127>`_.
 - Implement ``mime_bundle_repr`` for ``xmasked_view``
   `#1132 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1132>`_.
@@ -2013,7 +2013,7 @@ Breaking changes
   `#482 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/482>`_.
 - Change ``edge_items`` print option to ``edgeitems`` for better numpy consistency
   `#489 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/489>`_.
-- xtensor now depends on ``xtl`` version `~0.3.3`
+- *xtensor* now depends on *xtl* version `~0.3.3`
   `#508 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/508>`_.
 
 New features
@@ -2063,13 +2063,13 @@ Other changes
 Breaking changes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-- ``xtensor`` now depends on ``xtl`` version `0.2.x`
+- *xtensor* now depends on *xtl* version `0.2.x`
   `#421 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/421>`_.
 
 New features
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-- ``xtensor`` has an optional dependency on ``xsimd`` for enabling simd acceleration
+- *xtensor* has an optional dependency on *xsimd* for enabling simd acceleration
   `#426 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/426>`_.
 
 - All expressions have an additional safe access function (``at``)
@@ -2082,7 +2082,7 @@ New features
   correctly defined
   `#446 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/446>`_.
 
-- expressions tags added so ``xtensor`` expression system can be extended
+- expressions tags added so *xtensor* expression system can be extended
   `#447 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/447>`_.
 
 Other changes
diff --git a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
index aa6f2ddda..068537672 100644
--- a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
+++ b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 Closure semantics
 =================
 
-The ``xtensor`` library is a tensor expression library implementing numpy-style broadcasting and universal functions but in a lazy fashion.
+The *xtensor* library is a tensor expression library implementing numpy-style broadcasting and universal functions but in a lazy fashion.
 
 If ``x`` and ``y`` are two tensor expressions with compatible shapes, the result of ``x + y`` is not a tensor but an expression that does
 not hold any value. Values of ``x + y`` are computed upon access or when the result is assigned to a container such as :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` or
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ In order to be able to perform the differed computation of ``x + y``, the return
 copies of the members ``x`` and ``y``, depending on how arguments were passed to ``operator+``. The actual types held by the expressions
 are the **closure types**.
 
-The concept of closure type is key in the implementation of ``xtensor`` and appears in all the expressions defined in xtensor, and the utility functions and metafunctions complement the tools of the standard library for the move semantics.
+The concept of closure type is key in the implementation of *xtensor* and appears in all the expressions defined in xtensor, and the utility functions and metafunctions complement the tools of the standard library for the move semantics.
 
 Basic rules for determining closure types
 -----------------------------------------
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Using this mechanism, we were able to
 Closure types and scalar wrappers
 ---------------------------------
 
-A requirement for ``xtensor`` is the ability to mix scalars and tensors in tensor expressions. In order to do so,
+A requirement for *xtensor* is the ability to mix scalars and tensors in tensor expressions. In order to do so,
 scalar values are wrapped into the ``xscalar`` wrapper, which is a cheap 0-D tensor expression holding a single
 scalar value.
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ utility to achieve this:
     }
 
 Note: writing a lambda is just sugar for writing a functor.
-Also, using `auto x` as the function argument enables automatic `xsimd` acceleration.
+Also, using ``auto x`` as the function argument enables automatic *xsimd* acceleration.
 
 As the data flow through the lambda is entirely transparent to the compiler, using this construct
 is generally faster than using ``xshared_expressions``. The usage of ``xshared_expression`` also
diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index 7b12d0005..fc9799203 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Arrays and tensors
 Internal memory layout
 ----------------------
 
-A multi-dimensional array of `xtensor` consists of a contiguous one-dimensional buffer combined with an indexing scheme that maps
+A multi-dimensional array of *xtensor* consists of a contiguous one-dimensional buffer combined with an indexing scheme that maps
 unsigned integers to the location of an element in the buffer. The range in which the indices can vary is specified by the
 `shape` of the array.
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ The scheme used to map indices into a location in the buffer is a strided indexi
 - the row-major layout (or C layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from right to left
 - the column-major layout (or Fortran layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from left to right
 
-`xtensor` provides a :cpp:enum:`xt::layout_type` enum that helps to specify the layout used by multidimensional arrays.
+*xtensor* provides a :cpp:enum:`xt::layout_type` enum that helps to specify the layout used by multidimensional arrays.
 This enum can be used in two ways:
 
 - at compile time, as a template argument. The value :cpp:enumerator:`xt::layout_type::dynamic` allows specifying any
@@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ Instead, it has to be assigned to a temporary variable before being copied into
 A typical case where this happens is when the destination container is involved in the expression and has to be resized.
 This phenomenon is known as *aliasing*.
 
-To prevent this, `xtensor` assigns the expression to a temporary variable before copying it.
+To prevent this, *xtensor* assigns the expression to a temporary variable before copying it.
 In the case of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, this results in an extra dynamic memory allocation and copy.
 
 However, if the left-hand side is not involved in the expression being assigned, no temporary variable should be required.
-`xtensor` cannot detect such cases automatically and applies the "temporary variable rule" by default.
+*xtensor* cannot detect such cases automatically and applies the "temporary variable rule" by default.
 A mechanism is provided to forcibly prevent usage of a temporary variable:
 
 .. code::
diff --git a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
index f53b9bc7d..67fbab9a6 100644
--- a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ Build and configuration
 Build
 -----
 
-``xtensor`` build supports the following options:
+*xtensor* build supports the following options:
 
 - ``BUILD_TESTS``: enables the ``xtest`` and ``xbenchmark`` targets (see below).
 - ``DOWNLOAD_GTEST``: downloads ``gtest`` and builds it locally instead of using a binary installation.
 - ``GTEST_SRC_DIR``: indicates where to find the ``gtest`` sources instead of downloading them.
-- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT``: activates the assertions in ``xtensor``.
-- ``XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION``: turns on ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT`` and activates dimension checks in ``xtensor``.
+- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT``: activates the assertions in *xtensor*.
+- ``XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION``: turns on ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT`` and activates dimension checks in *xtensor*.
   Note that the dimensions check should not be activated if you expect ``operator()`` to perform broadcasting.
-- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables simd acceleration in ``xtensor``. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
+- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables simd acceleration in *xtensor*. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_TBB``: enables parallel assignment loop. This requires that you have you have tbb_ installed
   on your system.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ If the ``BUILD_TESTS`` option is enabled, the following targets are available:
 - xtest: builds an run the test suite.
 - xbenchmark: builds and runs the benchmarks.
 
-For instance, building the test suite of ``xtensor`` with assertions enabled:
+For instance, building the test suite of *xtensor* with assertions enabled:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ For instance, building the test suite of ``xtensor`` with assertions enabled:
     cmake -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON ../
     make xtest
 
-Building the test suite of ``xtensor`` where the sources of ``gtest`` are
+Building the test suite of *xtensor* where the sources of ``gtest`` are
 located in e.g. ``/usr/share/gtest``:
 
 .. code::
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ located in e.g. ``/usr/share/gtest``:
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-``xtensor`` can be configured via macros, which must be defined *before*
+*xtensor* can be configured via macros, which must be defined *before*
 including any of its header. Here is a list of available macros:
 
 - ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT``: enables assertions in xtensor, such as bound check.
-- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION``: enables the dimensions check in ``xtensor``. Note that this option should not be turned
+- ``XTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION``: enables the dimensions check in *xtensor*. Note that this option should not be turned
   on if you expect ``operator()`` to perform broadcasting.
-- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables SIMD acceleration in ``xtensor``. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
+- ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``: enables SIMD acceleration in *xtensor*. This requires that you have xsimd_ installed
   on your system.
 - ``XTENSOR_USE_TBB``: enables parallel assignment loop. This requires that you have you have tbb_ installed
   on your system.
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst b/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
index 0da6eaf79..3ab1d3a3d 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Assignment
 ==========
 
 In this section, we consider the class :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` and its semantic bases (``xcontainer_semantic`` and
-``xsemantic_base``) to illustrate how the assignment works. `xtensor` provides different mechanics of
+``xsemantic_base``) to illustrate how the assignment works. *xtensor* provides different mechanics of
 assignment depending on the type of expression.
 
 Extended copy semantic
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ tag:
         // ...
     };
 
-`xtensor` provides specializations for ``xtensor_expression_tag`` and ``xoptional_expression_tag``.
+*xtensor* provides specializations for ``xtensor_expression_tag`` and ``xoptional_expression_tag``.
 When implementing a new function type whose API is unrelated to the one of ``xfunction_base``,
 the ``xexpression_assigner`` should be specialized so that the assignment relies on this specific API.
 
@@ -172,10 +172,10 @@ during the resize phase, is the nature of the assignment: trivial or not. The as
 trivial when the memory layout of the lhs and rhs are such that assignment can be done by iterating over
 a 1-D sequence on both sides. In that case, two options are possible:
 
-- if ``xtensor`` is compiled with the optional ``xsimd`` dependency, and if the layout and the
+- if *xtensor* is compiled with the optional *xsimd* dependency, and if the layout and the
   ``value_type`` of each expression allows it, the assignment is a vectorized index-based loop
   operating on the expression buffers. 
-- if the ``xsimd`` assignment is not possible (for any reason), an iterator-based loop operating
+- if the *xsimd* assignment is not possible (for any reason), an iterator-based loop operating
   on the expresion buffers is used instead.
 
 These methods are implemented in specializations of the ``trivial_assigner`` class.
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
index dc20401c7..30219da8a 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 Concepts
 ========
 
-`xtensor`'s core is built upon key concepts captured in interfaces that are put together in derived
+*xtensor*'s core is built upon key concepts captured in interfaces that are put together in derived
 classes through CRTP (`Curiously Recurring Template Pattern
 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiously_recurring_template_pattern>`_) and multiple inheritance.
 Interfaces and classes that model expressions implement *value semantic*. CRTP and value semantic
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ you to iterate over a N-dimensional expression in row-major order or column-majo
     const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
 
 This template parameter is defaulted to ``XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL`` (see :ref:`configuration-label`), so
-that `xtensor` expressions can be used in generic code such as:
+that *xtensor* expressions can be used in generic code such as:
 
 .. code::
 
     std::copy(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.begin());
 
-where ``a`` and ``b`` can be arbitrary types (from `xtensor`, the STL or any external library)
+where ``a`` and ``b`` can be arbitrary types (from *xtensor*, the STL or any external library)
 supporting standard iteration.
 
 ``xiterable`` inherits from ``xconst_iterable`` and provides non-const counterpart of methods
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst b/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst
index a5e6c2eb9..a42ef80f1 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 Expression tree
 ===============
 
-Most of the expressions in `xtensor` are lazy-evaluated, they do not hold any value, the values are computed upon
-access or when the expression is assigned to a container. This means that `xtensor` needs somehow to keep track of
+Most of the expressions in *xtensor* are lazy-evaluated, they do not hold any value, the values are computed upon
+access or when the expression is assigned to a container. This means that *xtensor* needs somehow to keep track of
 the expression tree.
 
 xfunction
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
-A node in the expression tree may be represented by different classes in `xtensor`; here we focus on basic arithmetic
+A node in the expression tree may be represented by different classes in *xtensor*; here we focus on basic arithmetic
 operations and mathematical functions, which are represented by an instance of ``xfunction``. This is a template
 class whose parameters are:
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ This latter is responsible for setting the remaining template parameters of ``xf
     }
 
 The first line computes the ``expression_tag`` of the expression. This tag is used for selecting the right class
-class modeling a function. In `xtensor`, two tags are provided, with the following mapping:
+class modeling a function. In *xtensor*, two tags are provided, with the following mapping:
 
 - ``xtensor_expression_tag`` -> ``xfunction``
 - ``xoptional_expression_tag`` -> ``xfunction``
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ In the case of ``xfunction``, the tag is also used to select a mixin base class
 
 Any expression may define a tag as its ``expression_tag`` inner type. If not, ``xtensor_expression_tag`` is used by default.
 Tags have different priorities so that a resulting tag can be computed for expressions involving different tag types. As we
-will see in the next section, this system of tags and mapping make it easy to plug new functions types in `xtensor` and have
+will see in the next section, this system of tags and mapping make it easy to plug new functions types in *xtensor* and have
 them working with all the mathematical functions already implemented.
 
 The function class mapped to the expression tag is retrieved in the third line of ``make_xfunction``, that is:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Once all the types are known, ``make_xfunction`` can instantiate the right funct
 Plugging new function types
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-As mentioned in the section above, one can define a new function class and have it used by `xtensor`'s expression system. Let's
+As mentioned in the section above, one can define a new function class and have it used by *xtensor*'s expression system. Let's
 illustrate this with an hypothetical  ``xmapped_function`` class, which provides additional mapping access operators.
 The first thing to do is to define a new tag:
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ This is done by specializing the ``expression_tag_and`` metafunction available i
 
 The second specialization simply forwards to the first one so we don't duplicate code. Note that when plugging your own
 function class, these specializations can be skipped if the new function class (and its corresponding tag) is not compatible,
-and thus not supposed to be mixed, with the function classes provided by `xtensor`.
+and thus not supposed to be mixed, with the function classes provided by *xtensor*.
 
 The last requirement is to specialize the ``select_xfunction_expression`` metafunction, as it is shown below:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
index 8fc03d227..32f97d80f 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Implementation classes
 Requirements
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-An implementation class in `xtensor` is a final class that models a specific
+An implementation class in *xtensor* is a final class that models a specific
 kind of expression. It must inherit (either directly or indirectly) from
 :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` and define (or inherit from classes that define) the following
 types:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ methods, and inherits from a semantic class to provide assignment operators.
 List of available expression classes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-`xtensor` provides the following expression classes:
+*xtensor* provides the following expression classes:
 
 **Containers**
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ so that their templates parameters are deduced.
 
 **Scalar**
 
-`xtensor` provides the ``xscalar`` class to adapt scalar values and give them the required API.
+*xtensor* provides the ``xscalar`` class to adapt scalar values and give them the required API.
 
 **Optional containers**
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ Most of the mehtods of these classes are defined in their base class ``xoptional
 - ``xmasked_view`` : View on optional expression hiding values depending on a mask
 
 When the index of an element in the underlying expression of a view can be computed thanks to a strided scheme,
-the slice used in this view is said to be a strided slice. `xtensor` provides the following strided slices:
+the slice used in this view is said to be a strided slice. *xtensor* provides the following strided slices:
 
 - ``xrange``
 - ``xstepped_range``
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst b/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst
index ce504fa01..b4dfaac8b 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Iterating over expressions
 xiterable and inner types
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-`xtensor` provides two base classes for making expressions iterable: ``xconst_iterable`` and ``xiterable``. They define
+*xtensor* provides two base classes for making expressions iterable: ``xconst_iterable`` and ``xiterable``. They define
 the API for iterating as described in :ref:`concepts-label`. For an expression to be iterable, it must inherit directly
 or indirectly from one of these classes. For instance, the ``xbroadcast`` class is defined as following:
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ in row-major order. Thus, if we assume that ``p`` is a pointer to the last eleme
 of the stepper are ``p + 1`` in row-major, and ``p + 3`` in column-major order.
 
 A stepper is specific to an expression type, therefore implementing a new kind of expression usually requires to implement a new
-kind of stepper. However `xtensor` provides a generic ``xindexed_stepper`` class, that can be used with any kind of expressions.
+kind of stepper. However *xtensor* provides a generic ``xindexed_stepper`` class, that can be used with any kind of expressions.
 Even though it is generally not optimal, authors of new expression types can make use of the generic index stepper in a
 first implementation.
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ with different dimension arguments.
 Iterators
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
-`xtensor` iterator is implemented in the ``xiterator`` class. This latter provides a STL compliant iterator interface, and is built
+*xtensor* iterator is implemented in the ``xiterator`` class. This latter provides a STL compliant iterator interface, and is built
 upon the steppers. Whereas the steppers are tied to the expression they refer to, ``xiterator`` is generic enough to work with any
 kind of stepper.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/xtensor_internals.rst b/docs/source/developer/xtensor_internals.rst
index f03c844e0..ff1e897dd 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/xtensor_internals.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/xtensor_internals.rst
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 Internals of xtensor
 ====================
 
-This section provides information about `xtensor`'s internals and its architecture. It is intended for developers
-who want to contribute to `xtensor` or simply understand how it works under the hood. `xtensor` makes heavy use
+This section provides information about *xtensor*'s internals and its architecture. It is intended for developers
+who want to contribute to *xtensor* or simply understand how it works under the hood. *xtensor* makes heavy use
 of the CRTP pattern, template meta-programming, universal references and perfect forwarding. One should be familiar
 with these notions before going any further.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index 27692a0c4..bd0f27cfa 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 Expressions and lazy evaluation
 ===============================
 
-`xtensor` is more than an N-dimensional array library: it is an expression engine that allows numerical computation on any object implementing the expression interface.
+*xtensor* is more than an N-dimensional array library: it is an expression engine that allows numerical computation on any object implementing the expression interface.
 These objects can be in-memory containers such as :cpp:type:`xt::xarray\<T\>` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor\<T\>`, but can also be backed by a database or a representation on the file system.
 This also enables creating adaptors as expressions for other data structures.
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Broadcasting
 
 The number of dimensions of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` and the sizes of these dimensions are provided by the :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::shape` method, which returns a sequence of unsigned integers
 specifying the size of each dimension. We can operate on expressions of different shapes of dimensions in an elementwise fashion.
-Broadcasting rules of `xtensor` are similar to those of Numpy_ and libdynd_.
+Broadcasting rules of *xtensor* are similar to those of Numpy_ and libdynd_.
 
 In an operation involving two arrays of different dimensions, the array with the lesser dimensions is broadcast across the leading dimensions of the other.
 For example, if ``A`` has shape ``(2, 3)``, and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``, the result of a broadcast operation with ``A`` and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``.
diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index 23f2a0b49..3f14a1bb7 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 Extending xtensor
 =================
 
-``xtensor`` provides means to plug external data structures into its expression engine without
+*xtensor* provides means to plug external data structures into its expression engine without
 copying any data.
 
 Adapting one-dimensional containers
 -----------------------------------
 
 You may want to use your own one-dimensional container as a backend for tensor data containers
-and even for the shape or the strides. This is the simplest structure to plug into ``xtensor``.
+and even for the shape or the strides. This is the simplest structure to plug into *xtensor*.
 In the following example, we define new container and adaptor types for user-specified storage and shape types.
 
 .. code::
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ A requirement for the user-specified containers is to provide a minimal ``std::v
 - iterator methods (``begin``, ``end``, ``cbegin``, ``cend``)
 - ``size`` and ``reshape``, ``resize`` methods
 
-``xtensor`` does not require that the container has a contiguous memory layout, only that it
+*xtensor* does not require that the container has a contiguous memory layout, only that it
 provides the aforementioned interface. In fact, the container could even be backed by a
 file on the disk, a database or a binary message.
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Structures that embed shape and strides
 ---------------------------------------
 
 Some structures may gather data container, shape and strides, making them impossible to plug
-into ``xtensor`` with the method above. This section illustrates how to adapt such structures
+into *xtensor* with the method above. This section illustrates how to adapt such structures
 with the following simple example:
 
 .. code::
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ with the following simple example:
 Define inner types
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The following tells ``xtensor`` which types must be used for getting shape, strides, and data:
+The following tells *xtensor* which types must be used for getting shape, strides, and data:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ Next step is to inherit from the ``xcontainer`` and the ``xcontainer_semantic``
     };
 
 Thanks to definition of the previous structures, inheriting from ``xcontainer`` brings almost all the container
-API available in the other entities of ``xtensor``, while  inheriting from ``xtensor_semantic`` brings the support
+API available in the other entities of *xtensor*, while  inheriting from ``xtensor_semantic`` brings the support
 for mathematical operations.
 
 Define semantic
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-``xtensor`` classes have full value semantic, so you may define the constructors specific to your structures,
+*xtensor* classes have full value semantic, so you may define the constructors specific to your structures,
 and use the default copy and move constructors and assign operators. Note these last ones *must* be declared as
 they are declared as ``protected`` in the base class.
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ The last two methods are extended copy constructor and assign operator. They all
 Implement the resize methods
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The next methods to define are the overloads of ``resize``. ``xtensor`` provides utility functions to compute
+The next methods to define are the overloads of ``resize``. *xtensor* provides utility functions to compute
 strides based on the shape and the layout, so the implementation of the ``resize`` overloads is straightforward:
 
 .. code::
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ constructor and assign operator.
 Implement access operators
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-``xtensor`` requires that the following access operators are defined
+*xtensor* requires that the following access operators are defined
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/file_loading.rst b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
index 9b413806a..980754fbe 100644
--- a/docs/source/file_loading.rst
+++ b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 File input and output
 =====================
 
-`xtensor` has some built-in mechanisms to make loading and saving data easy.
-The base `xtensor` package allows to save and load data in the ``.csv``, ``.json`` and ``.npy``
+*xtensor* has some built-in mechanisms to make loading and saving data easy.
+The base *xtensor* package allows to save and load data in the ``.csv``, ``.json`` and ``.npy``
 format.
 Please note that many more input and output formats are available in the `xtensor-io
 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-io>`_ package.
diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index 4bccfffb8..8fdd0f4e7 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Getting started
 ===============
 
-This short guide explains how to get started with `xtensor` once you have installed it with one of
+This short guide explains how to get started with *xtensor* once you have installed it with one of
 the methods described in the installation section.
 
 First example
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ array.
 Compiling the first example
 ---------------------------
 
-`xtensor` is a header-only library, so there is no library to link with. The only constraint
-is that the compiler must be able to find the headers of `xtensor` (and `xtl`), this is usually done
+*xtensor* is a header-only library, so there is no library to link with. The only constraint
+is that the compiler must be able to find the headers of *xtensor* (and *xtl*), this is usually done
 by having the directory containing the headers in the include path. With G++, use the ``-I`` option
 to achieve this. Assuming the first example code is located in ``example.cpp``, the compilation command
 is:
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ is:
 
     g++ -I /path/to/xtensor/ -I /path/to/xtl/ example.cpp -o example
 
-Note that if you installed `xtensor` and `xtl` with `cmake`, their headers will be located in the same
+Note that if you installed *xtensor* and *xtl* with `cmake`, their headers will be located in the same
 directory, so you will need to provide only one path with the ``-I`` option.
 
 When you run the program, it produces the following output:
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ When you run the program, it produces the following output:
 Building with cmake
 -------------------
 
-A better alternative for building programs using `xtensor` is to use `cmake`, especially if you are
+A better alternative for building programs using *xtensor* is to use `cmake`, especially if you are
 developing for several platforms. Assuming the following folder structure:
 
 .. code:: bash
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 0752ffd84..63f164196 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -12,25 +12,25 @@ Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing.
 Introduction
 ------------
 
-`xtensor` is a C++ library meant for numerical analysis with multi-dimensional
+*xtensor* is a C++ library meant for numerical analysis with multi-dimensional
 array expressions.
 
-`xtensor` provides
+*xtensor* provides
 
 - an extensible expression system enabling **lazy broadcasting**.
 - an API following the idioms of the **C++ standard library**.
-- tools to manipulate array expressions and build upon `xtensor`.
+- tools to manipulate array expressions and build upon *xtensor*.
 
-Containers of `xtensor` are inspired by `NumPy`_, the Python array programming
+Containers of *xtensor* are inspired by `NumPy`_, the Python array programming
 library. **Adaptors** for existing data structures to be plugged into the
 expression system can easily be written.
 
-In fact, `xtensor` can be used to **process numpy data structures in-place**
+In fact, *xtensor* can be used to **process numpy data structures in-place**
 using Python's `buffer protocol`_. For more details on the numpy bindings,
 check out the xtensor-python_ project. Language bindings for R and Julia are
 also available.
 
-`xtensor` requires a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C++
+*xtensor* requires a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C++
 compilers are supported:
 
 - On Windows platforms, Visual C++ 2015 Update 2, or more recent
diff --git a/docs/source/installation.rst b/docs/source/installation.rst
index f7945134c..bc0bdb7ca 100644
--- a/docs/source/installation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/installation.rst
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 Installation
 ============
 
-Although ``xtensor`` is a header-only library, we provide standardized means to
+Although *xtensor* is a header-only library, we provide standardized means to
 install it, with package managers or with cmake.
 
 Besides the xtensor headers, all these methods place the ``cmake`` project
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ A package for xtensor is available on the Spack package manager.
 From source with cmake
 ----------------------
 
-You can also install ``xtensor`` from source with cmake. This requires that you
+You can also install *xtensor* from source with cmake. This requires that you
 have the xtl_ library installed on your system. On Unix platforms, from the
 source directory:
 
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ On Windows platforms, from the source directory:
     nmake install
 
 ``path_to_prefix`` is the absolute path to the folder where cmake searches for
-dependencies and installs libraries. ``xtensor`` installation from cmake assumes
+dependencies and installs libraries. *xtensor* installation from cmake assumes
 this folder contains ``include`` and ``lib`` subfolders.
 
 See the :doc:`build-options` section for more details about cmake options.
 
-Although not officially supported, ``xtensor`` can be installed with MinGW:
+Although not officially supported, *xtensor* can be installed with MinGW:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ Although not officially supported, ``xtensor`` can be installed with MinGW:
 Including xtensor in your project
 ---------------------------------
 
-The different packages of ``xtensor`` are built with cmake, so whatever the
-installation mode you choose, you can add ``xtensor`` to your project using cmake:
+The different packages of *xtensor* are built with cmake, so whatever the
+installation mode you choose, you can add *xtensor* to your project using cmake:
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/missing.rst b/docs/source/missing.rst
index 892a36bc6..1aea11bf4 100644
--- a/docs/source/missing.rst
+++ b/docs/source/missing.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Missing values
 ==============
 
-`xtensor` handles missing values and provides specialized container types for an optimized support of missing values.
+*xtensor* handles missing values and provides specialized container types for an optimized support of missing values.
 
 Optional expressions
 --------------------
diff --git a/docs/source/operator.rst b/docs/source/operator.rst
index 695ba26d2..bca7c1595 100644
--- a/docs/source/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/operator.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Operators and functions
 Arithmetic operators
 --------------------
 
-`xtensor` provides overloads of traditional arithmetic operators for
+*xtensor* provides overloads of traditional arithmetic operators for
 :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` objects:
 
 - unary :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator+`
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ rules explained in a previous section.
 Logical operators
 -----------------
 
-`xtensor` also provides overloads of the logical operators:
+*xtensor* also provides overloads of the logical operators:
 
 - :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator!`
 - :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator||`
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Logical operators
 
 Like arithmetic operators, these logical operators are element-wise operators
 and apply the lazy broadcasting rules. In addition to these element-wise
-logical operators, `xtensor` provides two reducing boolean functions:
+logical operators, *xtensor* provides two reducing boolean functions:
 
 - :cpp:func:`xt::any(E&& e) <xt::any>` returns ``true`` if any of ``e`` elements is truthy, ``false`` otherwise.
 - :cpp:func:`xt::all(E&& e) <xt::all>` returns ``true`` if all elements of ``e`` are truthy, ``false`` otherwise.
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ and an element-wise ternary function (similar to the ``: ?`` ternary operator):
     // => res = { 11, 2, 3, 14 }
 
 Unlike in :any:`numpy.where`, :cpp:func:`xt::where` takes full advantage of the lazyness
-of `xtensor`.
+of *xtensor*.
 
 Comparison operators
 --------------------
 
-`xtensor` provides overloads of the inequality operators:
+*xtensor* provides overloads of the inequality operators:
 
 - :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator\<`
 - :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator\<=`
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ function.
 Bitwise operators
 -----------------
 
-`xtensor` also contains the following bitwise operators:
+*xtensor* also contains the following bitwise operators:
 
 - Bitwise and: :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator&`
 - Bitwise or: :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::operator|`
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Bitwise operators
 Mathematical functions
 ----------------------
 
-`xtensor` provides overloads for many of the standard mathematical functions:
+*xtensor* provides overloads for many of the standard mathematical functions:
 
 - basic functions: :cpp:func:`xt::abs`, :cpp:func:`xt::remainder`, :cpp:func:`xt::fma`, ...
 - exponential functions: :cpp:func:`xt::exp`, :cpp:func:`xt::expm1`, :cpp:func:`xt::log`, :cpp:func:`xt::log1p`, ...
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ lazy broadcasting rules.
 Casting
 -------
 
-`xtensor` will implicitly promote and/or cast tensor expression elements as
+*xtensor* will implicitly promote and/or cast tensor expression elements as
 needed, which suffices for most use-cases. But explicit casting can be
 performed via :cpp:func:`xt::cast`, which performs an element-wise ``static_cast``.
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ performed via :cpp:func:`xt::cast`, which performs an element-wise ``static_cast
 Reducers
 --------
 
-`xtensor` provides reducers, that is, means for accumulating values of tensor
+*xtensor* provides reducers, that is, means for accumulating values of tensor
 expressions over prescribed axes. The return value of a reducer is an
 :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` with the same shape as the input expression, with the specified
 axes removed.
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ A generator is provided to build the :cpp:type:`xt::xreducer_functors` object, t
                                         {1, 3});
 
 If no axes are provided, the reduction is performed over all the axes, and the result is a 0-D expression.
-Since `xtensor`'s expressions are lazy evaluated, you need to explicitely call the access operator to trigger
+Since *xtensor*'s expressions are lazy evaluated, you need to explicitely call the access operator to trigger
 the evaluation and get the result:
 
 .. code::
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ as shown below:
 Accumulators
 ------------
 
-Similar to reducers, `xtensor` provides accumulators which are used to
+Similar to reducers, *xtensor* provides accumulators which are used to
 implement cumulative functions such as :cpp:func:`xt::cumsum` or :cpp:func:`xt::cumprod`. Accumulators
 can currently only work on a single axis. Additionally, the accumulators are
 not lazy and do not return an xexpression, but rather an evaluated :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ with the same rules as those for reducers:
 Evaluation strategy
 -------------------
 
-Generally, `xtensor` implements a :ref:`lazy execution model <lazy-evaluation>`,
+Generally, *xtensor* implements a :ref:`lazy execution model <lazy-evaluation>`,
 but under certain circumstances, a *greedy* execution model with immediate
 execution can be favorable. For example, reusing (and recomputing) the same
 values of a reducer over and over again if you use them in a loop can cost a
@@ -337,11 +337,11 @@ strategy is currently implemented.
 Universal functions and vectorization
 -------------------------------------
 
-`xtensor` provides utilities to **vectorize any scalar function** (taking
+*xtensor* provides utilities to **vectorize any scalar function** (taking
 multiple scalar arguments) into a function that will perform on
 :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` s, applying the lazy broadcasting rules which we described in a
 previous section. These functions are called :cpp:type:`xt::xfunction` s.
-They are `xtensor`'s counterpart to numpy's universal functions.
+They are *xtensor*'s counterpart to numpy's universal functions.
 
 Actually, all arithmetic and logical operators, inequality operator and
 mathematical functions we described before are :cpp:type:`xt::xfunction` s.
diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index 860773765..019b878a3 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ be tempted to simplify it a bit:
         return (1 - tmp) / (1 + tmp);
     }
 
-Unfortunately, you introduced a bug; indeed, expressions in `xtensor` are not evaluated
+Unfortunately, you introduced a bug; indeed, expressions in *xtensor* are not evaluated
 immediately, they capture their arguments by reference or copy depending on their nature,
 for future evaluation. Since ``tmp`` is an lvalue, it is captured by reference in the last
 statement; when the function returns, ``tmp`` is destroyed, leading to a dangling reference
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Alignment of fixed-size members
 
     If you are using ``C++ >= 17`` you should not have to worry about this.
 
-When building with `xsimd` (see :ref:`external-dependencies`), if you define a structure
+When building with *xsimd* (see :ref:`external-dependencies`), if you define a structure
 having members of fixed-size xtensor types, you must ensure that the buffers properly
 aligned. For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN`` available in
 ``xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp``.
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
index 1d8cb83f8..78b2fd3c9 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Fill
 Iterators
 ---------
 
-``xtensor`` containers provide iterators compatible with algorithms from the STL:
+*xtensor* containers provide iterators compatible with algorithms from the STL:
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
index 2b09850b8..10fefe025 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 Builders
 ========
 
-Most of ``xtensor`` builders return unevaluated expressions (see :ref:`lazy-evaluation`
-for more details) that can be assigned to any kind of ``xtensor`` container.
+Most of *xtensor* builders return unevaluated expressions (see :ref:`lazy-evaluation`
+for more details) that can be assigned to any kind of *xtensor* container.
 
 Ones
 ----
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/math.rst b/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
index 5087761a4..1761f5aae 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Mathematical functions
 ======================
 
-Operations and functions of ``xtensor`` are not evaluated until they are assigned.
+Operations and functions of *xtensor* are not evaluated until they are assigned.
 In the following, ``e1``, ``e2`` and ``e3`` can be arbitrary tensor expressions.
 The results of operations and functions are assigned to :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` in the examples,
 but that could be any other container (or even views). To keep an unevaluated
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst b/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
index 04c58e8a9..825b2e95d 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Operators
 =========
 
-Operations and functions of ``xtensor`` are not evaluated until they are assigned.
+Operations and functions of *xtensor* are not evaluated until they are assigned.
 In the following, ``e1``, ``e2`` and ``e3`` can be arbitrary tensor expressions.
 The results of operations and functions are assigned to :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` in the examples,
 but that could be any other container (or even views). To keep an unevaluated
diff --git a/docs/source/rank.rst b/docs/source/rank.rst
index 330ac8c50..99dc2b35a 100644
--- a/docs/source/rank.rst
+++ b/docs/source/rank.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Tensor Rank
 Rank overload
 -------------
 
-All `xtensor`'s classes have a member ``rank`` that can be used
+All *xtensor*'s classes have a member ``rank`` that can be used
 to overload based on rank using *SFINAE*.
 Consider the following example:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/related.rst b/docs/source/related.rst
index f0b39e34f..89e44dc53 100644
--- a/docs/source/related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/related.rst
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ xtensor-python
    :alt: xtensor-python
 
 The xtensor-python_ project provides the implementation of container types
-compatible with ``xtensor``'s expression system, ``pyarray`` and ``pytensor``
+compatible with *xtensor*'s expression system, ``pyarray`` and ``pytensor``
 which effectively wrap numpy arrays, allowing operating on numpy arrays
 in-place.
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ xtensor-python-cookiecutter
    :width: 50%
 
 The xtensor-python-cookiecutter_ project helps extension authors create Python
-extension modules making use of `xtensor`.
+extension modules making use of *xtensor*.
 
 It takes care of the initial work of generating a project skeleton with
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ xtensor-julia
    :alt: xtensor-julia
 
 The xtensor-julia_ project provides the implementation of container types
-compatible with ``xtensor``'s expression system, ``jlarray`` and ``jltensor``
+compatible with *xtensor*'s expression system, ``jlarray`` and ``jltensor``
 which effectively wrap Julia arrays, allowing operating on Julia arrays
 in-place.
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ xtensor-julia-cookiecutter
    :width: 50%
 
 The xtensor-julia-cookiecutter_ project helps extension authors create Julia
-extension modules making use of `xtensor`.
+extension modules making use of *xtensor*.
 
 It takes care of the initial work of generating a project skeleton with
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ xtensor-r
    :alt: xtensor-r
 
 The xtensor-r_ project provides the implementation of container types
-compatible with ``xtensor``'s expression system, ``rarray`` and ``rtensor``
+compatible with *xtensor*'s expression system, ``rarray`` and ``rtensor``
 which effectively wrap R arrays, allowing operating on R arrays in-place.
 
 Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a R array in-place
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ The xsimd_ project provides a unified API for making use of the SIMD features
 of modern preprocessors for C++ library authors. It also provides accelerated
 implementation of common mathematical functions operating on batches.
 
-xsimd_ is an optional dependency to ``xtensor`` which enable SIMD vectorization
+xsimd_ is an optional dependency to *xtensor* which enable SIMD vectorization
 of xtensor operations. This feature is enabled with the ``XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD``
 compilation flag, which is set to ``false`` by default.
 
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ xtl
 .. image:: xtl.svg
    :alt: xtl
 
-The xtl_ project, the only dependency of ``xtensor`` is a C++ template library
+The xtl_ project, the only dependency of *xtensor* is a C++ template library
 holding the implementation of basic tools used across the libraries in the ecosystem.
 
 xframe
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ xframe
    :alt: xframe
 
 The xframe_ project provides multi-dimensional labeled arrays and a data frame for C++,
-based on ``xtensor`` and ``xtl``.
+based on *xtensor* and *xtl*.
 
 `xframe` provides
 
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ The z5_ project implements the zarr_ and n5_ storage specifications in C++.
 Both specifications describe chunked nd-array storage similar to HDF5, but
 use the filesystem to store chunks. This design allows for parallel write access
 and efficient cloud based storage, crucial requirements in modern big data applications.
-The project uses ``xtensor`` to represent arrays in memory
+The project uses *xtensor* to represent arrays in memory
 and also provides a python wrapper based on ``xtensor-python``.
 
 .. _xtensor-python: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-python
diff --git a/docs/source/scalar.rst b/docs/source/scalar.rst
index 562ffc876..24bc20d33 100644
--- a/docs/source/scalar.rst
+++ b/docs/source/scalar.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Scalars and 0-D expressions
 Assignment
 ----------
 
-In `xtensor`, scalars are handled as if they were 0-dimensional expressions.
+In *xtensor*, scalars are handled as if they were 0-dimensional expressions.
 This means that when assigning a scalar value to an :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`, the array is **not filled** with that value,
 but resized to become a 0-D array containing the scalar value:
 
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index a3f4efe22..8a2b11f5b 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Views
 
 Views are used to adapt the shape of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` without changing it, nor copying it. Views are 
 convenient tools for assigning parts of an expression: since they do not copy the underlying expression,
-assigning to the view actually assigns to the underlying expression. `xtensor` provides many kinds of views.
+assigning to the view actually assigns to the underlying expression. *xtensor* provides many kinds of views.
 
 Sliced views
 ------------
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ The :cpp:type:`xt::xstrided_view` is very efficient on contigous memory
 Transposed views
 ----------------
 
-``xtensor`` provides a lazy transposed view on any expression, whose layout is either row-major order or column major order.
+*xtensor* provides a lazy transposed view on any expression, whose layout is either row-major order or column major order.
 Trying to build a transposed view on a expression with a dynamic layout throws an exception.
 
 .. code::
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Flatten views
 -------------
 
 It is sometimes useful to have a one-dimensional view of all the elements of an expression.
-``xtensor`` provides two functions for that, :cpp:func:`xt::ravel` and :cpp:func:`xt::flatten`.
+*xtensor* provides two functions for that, :cpp:func:`xt::ravel` and :cpp:func:`xt::flatten`.
 The former one lets you specify the order used to read the elements while the latter one
 uses the layout of the expression.
 
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ Filtration
 
 Sometimes, the only thing you want to do with a filter is to assign it a scalar.
 Though this can be done as shown in the previous section, this is not the *optimal* way to do it.
-`xtensor` provides a specially optimized mechanism for that, called filtration.
+*xtensor* provides a specially optimized mechanism for that, called filtration.
 A filtration IS NOT an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`, the only methods it provides are scalar and
 computed scalar assignments.
 
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ Masked views are multidimensional views that apply a mask on an :cpp:type:`xt::x
 Broadcasting views
 ------------------
 
-Another type of view provided by `xtensor` is *broadcasting view*.
+Another type of view provided by *xtensor* is *broadcasting view*.
 Such a view broadcasts an expression to the specified shape.
 As long as the view is not assigned to an array, no memory allocation or copy occurs.
 Broadcasting views should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::broadcast` helper function.
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ Broadcasting views should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::broadcast` helper fun
 Complex views
 -------------
 
-In the case of a tensor containing complex numbers, `xtensor` provides views returning
+In the case of a tensor containing complex numbers, *xtensor* provides views returning
 :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of the complex numbers.
 Like for other views, the elements of the underlying :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` are not copied.
 

From 0548fa8ebba541c69c8897109aaabef1b16c471d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2021 14:53:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 313/606] Remove nonstandard single backticks from doc

---
 docs/source/api/xmath.rst               | 2 +-
 docs/source/closure-semantics.rst       | 2 +-
 docs/source/container.rst               | 2 +-
 docs/source/expression.rst              | 2 +-
 docs/source/getting_started.rst         | 4 ++--
 docs/source/missing.rst                 | 2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst | 2 +-
 docs/source/view.rst                    | 2 +-
 8 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
index 7df6626f6..ac64bc619 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::greater_equal` | element-wise greater or equal            |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::cast`          | element-wise `static_cast`               |
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cast`          | element-wise ``static_cast``             |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::operator&`     | bitwise and                              |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
index 068537672..91dc73242 100644
--- a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
+++ b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ The logic for this is encoded into xtensor's ``xclosure`` type trait.
     using xclosure_t = typename xclosure<E>::type;
 
 In doing so, we ensure const-correctness, we avoid dangling reference, and ensure that lvalues remain lvalues.
-The `const_xclosure` follows the same scheme:
+The ``const_xclosure`` follows the same scheme:
 
 .. code:: cpp
 
diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index fc9799203..ee6434637 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ unsigned integers to the location of an element in the buffer. The range in whic
 
 The scheme used to map indices into a location in the buffer is a strided indexing scheme. In such a scheme, the index
 ``(i0, ..., in)`` corresponds to the offset ``sum(ik * sk)`` from the beginning of the one-dimensional buffer, where
-``(s0, ..., sn)`` are the `strides` of the array. Some particular cases of strided schemes implement well-known memory layouts:
+``(s0, ..., sn)`` are the ``strides`` of the array. Some particular cases of strided schemes implement well-known memory layouts:
 
 - the row-major layout (or C layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from right to left
 - the column-major layout (or Fortran layout) is a strided index scheme where the strides grow from left to right
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index bd0f27cfa..71f80629c 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ For example, if ``A`` has shape ``(2, 3)``, and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``, t
     ---------
     (4, 2, 3) # Result
 
-The same rule holds for scalars, which are handled as 0-D expressions. If `A` is a scalar, the equation becomes:
+The same rule holds for scalars, which are handled as 0-D expressions. If ``A`` is a scalar, the equation becomes:
 
 .. code:: none
 
diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index 8fdd0f4e7..0d9c2f4f5 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ is:
 
     g++ -I /path/to/xtensor/ -I /path/to/xtl/ example.cpp -o example
 
-Note that if you installed *xtensor* and *xtl* with `cmake`, their headers will be located in the same
+Note that if you installed *xtensor* and *xtl* with *Cmake*, their headers will be located in the same
 directory, so you will need to provide only one path with the ``-I`` option.
 
 When you run the program, it produces the following output:
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ When you run the program, it produces the following output:
 Building with cmake
 -------------------
 
-A better alternative for building programs using *xtensor* is to use `cmake`, especially if you are
+A better alternative for building programs using *xtensor* is to use *Cmake*, especially if you are
 developing for several platforms. Assuming the following folder structure:
 
 .. code:: bash
diff --git a/docs/source/missing.rst b/docs/source/missing.rst
index 1aea11bf4..80cba080c 100644
--- a/docs/source/missing.rst
+++ b/docs/source/missing.rst
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ same way as regular scalars.
     xt::xtensor<double, 1> b
         { 1.0, 2.0 };
 
-    // `b` is broadcasted to match the shape of `a`
+    // ``b`` is broadcasted to match the shape of ``a``
     std::cout << a + b << std::endl;
 
 outputs:
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
index c7e0e9ebb..a04593409 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ An in-memory chunked array has the following type:
     using inmemory_chunked_array = xt::xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<data_type>>>;
 
 But you should not directly use this type to create a chunked array. Instead,
-use the `chunked_array` factory function:
+use the ``chunked_array`` factory function:
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index 8a2b11f5b..52f82009b 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ The range function supports the placeholder ``_`` syntax:
     #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
     #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
-    using namespace xt::placeholders;  // required for `_` to work
+    using namespace xt::placeholders;  // required for ``_`` to work
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 4});
     auto v1 = xt::view(a, xt::range(_, 2), xt::all(), xt::range(1, _));

From eac7bff46f577f12be79f183878c565235076281 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 17:28:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 314/606] Adding cast to deal with xtensor-python's signedness
 of shape

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 6a63ad48f..1ff869953 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
             R ev;
-            ev.resize({de.size()});
+            ev.resize({static_cast<typename R::shape_type::value_type>(de.size())});
 
             std::copy(de.cbegin(), de.cend(), ev.begin());
             std::sort(ev.begin(), ev.end());

From 935c649a1dd712099510db76eba6ccbf8c51ee9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: spectre-ns <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 20:47:41 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 315/606] Added xt::convolve

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xmath.cpp       | 23 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 111 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index badd624d0..d31adbdf7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -3013,6 +3013,94 @@ namespace detail {
             return cov(eval(stack(xtuple(x, y))));
         }
     }
+
+
+
+    /*
+    * convolution mode placeholders for selecting the algorithm
+    * used in computing a 1D convolution.
+    * Same as NumPy's mode parameter.
+    */
+    namespace convolve_mode
+    {
+        struct valid{};
+        struct full{};
+    }
+    
+    namespace detail {
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        inline auto convolve_impl(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, convolve_mode::valid)
+        {
+            using value_type = typename std::decay<E1>::type::value_type;
+
+            size_t const na = e1.size();
+            size_t const nv = e2.size();
+            size_t const n = na - nv + 1;
+            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n });
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+            {
+                for (int j = 0; j < nv; j++)
+                {
+                    out(i) += e1(j) * e2(j + i);
+                }
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        inline auto convolve_impl(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, convolve_mode::full mode)
+        {
+            using value_type = typename std::decay<E1>::type::value_type;
+
+            size_t const na = e1.size();
+            size_t const nv = e2.size();
+            size_t const n = na + nv - 1;
+            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n });
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+            {
+                size_t const jmn = (i >= nv - 1) ? i - (nv - 1) : 0;
+                size_t const jmx = (i < na - 1) ? i : na - 1;
+                for (size_t j = jmn; j <= jmx; ++j) 
+                {
+                    out(i) += e1(j) * e2(i - j);
+                }
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    * @brief computes the 1D convolution between two 1D expressions
+    *
+    * @param a 1D expression
+    * @param v 1D expression
+    * @param mode placeholder Select algorithm #convolve_mode
+    * 
+    * @detail the algorithm convolves a with v and will incur a copy overhead
+    *   should v be longer than a.
+    */
+    template <class E1, class E2, class E3>
+    inline auto convolve(E1&& a, E2&& v, E3 mode)
+    {
+
+        if (a.dimension() != 1 || v.dimension() != 1)
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Invalid dimentions convolution arguments must be 1D expressions");
+        }
+
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(a.size() > 0 && v.size() > 0);
+
+        //swap them so a is always the longest one
+        if (a.size() < v.size())
+        {
+            return detail::convolve_impl(std::forward<E2>(v), std::forward<E1>(a), mode);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return detail::convolve_impl(std::forward<E1>(a), std::forward<E2>(v), mode);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
+
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 279f0b5e7..30c189b55 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -915,4 +915,27 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, xt::cov(x, y));
     }
+
+
+    TEST(xmath, convolve_full)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<double> x = { 1.0, 3.0, 1.0 };
+        xt::xarray<double> y = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
+        xt::xarray<double> expected = { 1, 4, 5, 4, 1 };
+
+        auto result = xt::convolve(x, y, xt::convolve_mode::full());
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xmath, convolve_valid)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<double> x = { 3.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
+        xt::xarray<double> y = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
+        xt::xarray<double> expected = { 5 };
+
+        auto result = xt::convolve(x, y, xt::convolve_mode::valid());
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
+    }
 }

From 7c5078b9b584e10b681c96414224d7957b9472e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 18:46:17 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 316/606] Resolved compile warning for convolve. Missed it in
 the original pr

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index d31adbdf7..da33a47bc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -3048,7 +3048,7 @@ namespace detail {
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        inline auto convolve_impl(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, convolve_mode::full mode)
+        inline auto convolve_impl(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, convolve_mode::full)
         {
             using value_type = typename std::decay<E1>::type::value_type;
 

From d32323a86510fe6655d0d128afdfbfb28b802822 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 10:04:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 317/606] Adding missing `rank` to `xtensor_adaptor`

---
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp | 1 +
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp  | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 98a09d4e4..b01e4b7b6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ namespace xt
         using backstrides_type = typename base_type::backstrides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
+        constexpr static std::size_t rank = N;
 
         xtensor_adaptor(storage_type&& storage);
         xtensor_adaptor(const storage_type& storage);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index ba7cceab5..08a494cfc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     struct get_rank<E, decltype((void)E::rank, void())>
     {
-        constexpr static std::size_t value= E::rank;
+        constexpr static std::size_t value = E::rank;
     };
 
     /******************

From c1dc7fda4e2ab97b7e27a77d7d0adde6600ecb13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 15:46:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 318/606] Adding missing `rank` to `xarray_adapter`

---
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index 173c70ce7..55ea8884b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ namespace xt
         using backstrides_type = typename base_type::backstrides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
+        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         xarray_adaptor(storage_type&& storage);
         xarray_adaptor(const storage_type& storage);

From dfa7de6c321c6fca27f4a2f037d753d45b69ea44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 16:58:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 319/606] Fixing compiler warning

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 38 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index da33a47bc..836e864bd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2240,7 +2240,7 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
                           std::forward<E>(e),
                           axis);
     }
@@ -2249,7 +2249,7 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
                           std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -2271,8 +2271,8 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
-                          std::forward<E>(e), 
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
+                          std::forward<E>(e),
                           axis);
     }
 
@@ -2280,7 +2280,7 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()), 
+        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
                           std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -3026,20 +3026,20 @@ namespace detail {
         struct valid{};
         struct full{};
     }
-    
+
     namespace detail {
         template <class E1, class E2>
         inline auto convolve_impl(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, convolve_mode::valid)
         {
             using value_type = typename std::decay<E1>::type::value_type;
 
-            size_t const na = e1.size();
-            size_t const nv = e2.size();
-            size_t const n = na - nv + 1;
+            std::size_t const na = e1.size();
+            std::size_t const nv = e2.size();
+            std::size_t const n = na - nv + 1;
             xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n });
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
             {
-                for (int j = 0; j < nv; j++)
+                for (std::size_t j = 0; j < nv; j++)
                 {
                     out(i) += e1(j) * e2(j + i);
                 }
@@ -3052,15 +3052,15 @@ namespace detail {
         {
             using value_type = typename std::decay<E1>::type::value_type;
 
-            size_t const na = e1.size();
-            size_t const nv = e2.size();
-            size_t const n = na + nv - 1;
+            std::size_t const na = e1.size();
+            std::size_t const nv = e2.size();
+            std::size_t const n = na + nv - 1;
             xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n });
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
             {
-                size_t const jmn = (i >= nv - 1) ? i - (nv - 1) : 0;
-                size_t const jmx = (i < na - 1) ? i : na - 1;
-                for (size_t j = jmn; j <= jmx; ++j) 
+                std::size_t const jmn = (i >= nv - 1) ? i - (nv - 1) : 0;
+                std::size_t const jmx = (i < na - 1) ? i : na - 1;
+                for (std::size_t j = jmn; j <= jmx; ++j)
                 {
                     out(i) += e1(j) * e2(i - j);
                 }
@@ -3075,7 +3075,7 @@ namespace detail {
     * @param a 1D expression
     * @param v 1D expression
     * @param mode placeholder Select algorithm #convolve_mode
-    * 
+    *
     * @detail the algorithm convolves a with v and will incur a copy overhead
     *   should v be longer than a.
     */

From 0488446246fcdb319a8d268dd6da92e007afb0fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 17:58:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 320/606] Fixing compiler warnings

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 6a63ad48f..8f224abba 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto begin = e.template begin<L>();
                 auto end = e.template end<L>();
-                std::size_t i = std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end));
+                std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end)));
                 return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
             }
 
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto&& ed = eval(e.derived_cast());
         auto begin = ed.template begin<L>();
         auto end = ed.template end<L>();
-        std::size_t i = std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end));
+        std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end)));
         return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
     }
 
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto&& ed = eval(e.derived_cast());
         auto begin = ed.template begin<L>();
         auto end = ed.template end<L>();
-        std::size_t i = std::distance(begin, std::max_element(begin, end));
+        std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(begin, std::max_element(begin, end)));
         return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
     }
 

From d3722b33d51236500bfd0cb5849be309852bea53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 16:09:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 321/606] Adding `reset_data` to `xbuffer_adaptor` and
 `reset_buffer` to `*adaptor` to replace the pointer without any reallocation.

---
 docs/source/external-structures.rst | 28 +++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp          | 10 +++++
 include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp         | 10 +++++
 test/test_xadapt.cpp                | 33 +++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 131 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index 3f14a1bb7..ed8714d54 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -43,6 +43,34 @@ A requirement for the user-specified containers is to provide a minimal ``std::v
 provides the aforementioned interface. In fact, the container could even be backed by a
 file on the disk, a database or a binary message.
 
+Adapting a pointer
+------------------
+
+Suppose that you want to use the *xtensor* machinery on a small contiguous subset of a large tensor.
+You can, of course, use :ref:`Views`, but for efficiency you can also use pointers to the right bit of memory.
+Consider an example of an ``[M, 2, 2]`` tensor ``A``,
+for which you want to operate on ``A[i, :, :]`` for different ``i``.
+In this case the most efficient *xtensor* has to offer is:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    int main()
+    {
+        size_t M = 3;
+        size_t nd = 2;
+        size_t size = nd * nd;
+        xt::xarray<int> A = xt::arange<int>(M * size).reshape({M, nd, nd});
+        auto b = xt::adapt(&A.flat(0), std::array<size_t, 2>{nd, nd});
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < M; ++i) {
+            b.reset_buffer(&A.flat(i * size), size);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+where ``xt::adapt`` first creates an ``xt::xtensor_adaptor`` on the memory of ``A[0, :, :]``.
+Then, inside the loop, we only replace the pointer to the relevant ``A[i, 0, 0]``.
+
 Structures that embed shape and strides
 ---------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index 173c70ce7..a999d8fb7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -252,6 +252,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         xarray_adaptor& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
+        template <class P, class S>
+        void reset_buffer(P&& pointer, S&& size);
+
     private:
 
         container_closure_type m_storage;
@@ -616,6 +619,13 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_storage;
     }
+
+    template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
+    template <class P, class S>
+    inline void xarray_adaptor<EC, L, SC, Tag>::reset_buffer(P&& pointer, S&& size)
+    {
+        return m_storage.reset_data(std::forward<P>(pointer), std::forward<S>(size));
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
index aa94db3c4..a39347edc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ namespace xt
 
             void swap(self_type& rhs) noexcept;
 
+            template <class P>
+            void reset_data(P&& data, size_type size) noexcept;
+
         private:
 
             pointer p_data;
@@ -117,6 +120,9 @@ namespace xt
 
             void swap(self_type& rhs) noexcept;
 
+            template <class P, class DT>
+            void reset_data(P&& data, size_type size, DT&& destruct) noexcept;
+
         private:
 
             pointer p_data;
@@ -168,6 +174,9 @@ namespace xt
 
             void swap(self_type& rhs) noexcept;
 
+            template <class P>
+            void reset_data(P&& data, size_type size, const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type()) noexcept;
+
         private:
 
             xtl::xclosure_wrapper<CP> m_data;
@@ -177,7 +186,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         // Workaround for MSVC2015: using void_t results in some
-        // template instantiation caching that leads to wrong 
+        // template instantiation caching that leads to wrong
         // type deduction later in xfunction.
         template <class T>
         struct msvc2015_void
@@ -393,6 +402,7 @@ namespace xt
         using base_type::resize;
         using base_type::data;
         using base_type::swap;
+        using base_type::reset_data;
     };
 
     template <class CP, class O, class A>
@@ -421,7 +431,7 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::difference_type,
                                                    typename const_traits::difference_type>;
         using size_type = std::make_unsigned_t<difference_type>;
-        
+
         using iterator = I;
         using const_iterator = CI;
         using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
@@ -440,7 +450,7 @@ namespace xt
         using allocator_type = std::allocator<value_type>;
         using size_type = typename base_type::size_type;
         using iterator = typename base_type::iterator;
-        using const_iterator = typename base_type::const_iterator; 
+        using const_iterator = typename base_type::const_iterator;
         using temporary_type = uvector<value_type, allocator_type>;
 
         xiterator_adaptor() = default;
@@ -459,12 +469,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         size_type size() const noexcept;
         void resize(size_type size);
-        
+
         iterator data() noexcept;
         const_iterator data() const noexcept;
 
         void swap(self_type& rhs) noexcept;
-    
+
     private:
 
         I m_it;
@@ -523,7 +533,7 @@ namespace xt
         using allocator_type = std::allocator<value_type>;
         using size_type = typename base_type::size_type;
         using iterator = typename base_type::iterator;
-        using const_iterator = typename base_type::const_iterator; 
+        using const_iterator = typename base_type::const_iterator;
         using temporary_type = uvector<value_type, allocator_type>;
 
         xiterator_owner_adaptor(C&& c);
@@ -541,7 +551,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         size_type size() const noexcept;
         void resize(size_type size);
-        
+
         iterator data() noexcept;
         const_iterator data() const noexcept;
 
@@ -658,6 +668,14 @@ namespace xt
             swap(p_data, rhs.p_data);
             swap(m_size, rhs.m_size);
         }
+
+        template <class CP, class A>
+        template <class P>
+        inline void xbuffer_storage<CP, A>::reset_data(P&& data, size_type size) noexcept
+        {
+            p_data = std::forward<P>(data);
+            m_size = size;
+        }
     }
 
     /****************************************
@@ -767,6 +785,14 @@ namespace xt
             swap(m_size, rhs.m_size);
             swap(m_allocator, rhs.m_allocator);
         }
+
+        template <class CP, class A>
+        template <class P>
+        inline void xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A>::reset_data(P&& data, size_type size, const allocator_type& alloc) noexcept
+        {
+            xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A> tmp(std::forward<P>(data), size, alloc);
+            this->swap(tmp);
+        }
     }
 
     /****************************************
@@ -793,7 +819,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             if (m_size != size)
             {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "xbuffer_storage not resizable");
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "xbuffer_storage not resizeable");
             }
         }
 
@@ -816,6 +842,15 @@ namespace xt
             swap(m_size, rhs.m_size);
             swap(m_destruct, rhs.m_destruct);
         }
+
+        template <class CP, class D>
+        template <class P, class DT>
+        void xbuffer_smart_pointer<CP, D>::reset_data(P&& data, size_type size, DT&& destruct) noexcept
+        {
+            p_data = std::forward<P>(data);
+            m_size = size;
+            m_destruct = destruct;
+        }
     }
 
     /***************************************
@@ -1020,7 +1055,7 @@ namespace xt
     /************************************
      * xiterator_adaptor implementation *
      ************************************/
-    
+
     template <class I, class CI>
     inline xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>::xiterator_adaptor(I it, CI cit, size_type size)
         : m_it(it), m_cit(cit), m_size(size)
@@ -1040,7 +1075,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return (*this = rhs);
     }
-    
+
     template <class I, class CI>
     inline auto xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>::size() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
@@ -1052,7 +1087,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (m_size != size)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "xiterator_adaptor not resizable");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "xiterator_adaptor not resizeable");
         }
     }
 
@@ -1076,7 +1111,7 @@ namespace xt
         swap(m_cit, rhs.m_cit);
         swap(m_size, rhs.m_size);
     }
-    
+
     template <class I, class CI>
     inline void swap(xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& lhs,
                      xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& rhs) noexcept
@@ -1087,7 +1122,7 @@ namespace xt
     /******************************************
      * xiterator_owner_adaptor implementation *
      ******************************************/
-    
+
     template <class C, class IG>
     inline xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>::xiterator_owner_adaptor(C&& c)
         : m_container(std::move(c))
@@ -1148,10 +1183,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (m_size != size)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "xiterator_owner_adaptor not resizable");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "xiterator_owner_adaptor not resizeable");
         }
     }
-        
+
     template <class C, class IG>
     inline auto xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>:: data() noexcept -> iterator
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 98a09d4e4..0981776b7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -247,6 +247,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         xtensor_adaptor& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
+        template <class P, class S>
+        void reset_buffer(P&& pointer, S&& size);
+
     private:
 
         container_closure_type m_storage;
@@ -685,6 +688,13 @@ namespace xt
         return m_storage;
     }
 
+    template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
+    template <class P, class S>
+    inline void xtensor_adaptor<EC, N, L, Tag>::reset_buffer(P&& pointer, S&& size)
+    {
+        return m_storage.reset_data(std::forward<P>(pointer), std::forward<S>(size));
+    }
+
     /*******************************
      * xtensor_view implementation *
      *******************************/
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 3f352c9ba..bbfdc9be2 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -61,6 +61,23 @@ namespace xt
         delete[] data;
     }
 
+    TEST(xarray_adaptor, pointer_no_ownership_replace)
+    {
+        size_t size = 4;
+        int* data = new int[3 * size];
+        using shape_type = std::vector<vec_type::size_type>;
+        shape_type s({2, 2});
+
+        auto a1 = adapt(data, size, no_ownership(), s);
+        size_t st = static_cast<size_t>(a1.strides()[0]);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            a1.reset_buffer(&data[i * size], size);
+            a1(1, 0) = static_cast<int>(i);
+            EXPECT_EQ(i, data[i * size + st]);
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, pointer_acquire_ownership)
     {
         size_t size = 4;
@@ -211,6 +228,22 @@ namespace xt
         delete[] data;
     }
 
+    TEST(xtensor_adaptor, pointer_no_ownership_replace)
+    {
+        size_t size = 4;
+        int* data = new int[3 * size];
+        std::array<size_t, 2> shape = {2, 2};
+
+        auto a1 = adapt(data, size, no_ownership(), shape);
+        size_t st = static_cast<size_t>(a1.strides()[0]);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            a1.reset_buffer(&data[i * size], size);
+            a1(1, 0) = static_cast<int>(i);
+            EXPECT_EQ(i, data[i * size + st]);
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, pointer_const_no_ownership)
     {
         size_t size = 4;

From 85c81942310f15a2111cfd2f713d3cb9e4404849 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Boris Fomitchev <bfomitchev@nvidia.com>
Date: Thu, 5 May 2022 02:28:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 322/606] Workaround for EDG C++ frontend bug

Signed-off-by: Boris Fomitchev <bfomitchev@nvidia.com>
---
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp  | 15 ++++++++++-----
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp  |  3 ++-
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp |  3 ++-
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index a999d8fb7..1448170b9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -377,7 +377,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        L == layout_type::row_major ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
+	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -389,7 +390,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        L == layout_type::row_major ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
+        constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -401,7 +403,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        L == layout_type::row_major ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
+	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -413,7 +416,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        L == layout_type::row_major ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
+        constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -425,7 +429,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        L == layout_type::row_major ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
+	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
     //@}
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 265ba481d..82ffed45b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -629,7 +629,8 @@ namespace xt
     inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_initializer_list_shape<N>::run(t, this->shape()) == true, "initializer list shape does not match fixed shape");
-        L == layout_type::row_major ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
+	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
     //@}
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 0981776b7..eff6063b0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -425,7 +425,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t), true);
-        L == layout_type::row_major ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
+	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**

From 214d812aa43e5f897c5c0db6ef83c38a2bdc81a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 May 2022 23:32:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 323/606] Release 0.24.2

---
 README.md                          |  3 +--
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fd7bea87c..5098ccd8e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -84,8 +84,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
-|  0.24.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
-|  0.24.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  0.24.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
 |  0.23.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
 
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index a13c4e23b..96917c97e 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,32 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.24.2
+------
+
+- Fixed the documentation of adapt functions
+  `#2496 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2496`
+- Updated C++20 option for visual studio builds C++2a no longer a valid std option
+  `#2497 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2497`
+- Simplifying argmin and argmax where possible
+  `#2499 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2499`
+- Removed unused code
+  `#2502 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2502`
+- Fixed build error in MSVC 2019 by decaying decltype to base type
+  `#2506 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2506`
+- Added xt::convolve
+  `#2507 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2507`
+- Adding reset_data to xbuffer_adaptor and reset_buffer to adaptor to replace the pointer without any reallocation
+  `#2521 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2521`
+- Workaround for EDG C++ frontend bug
+  `#2528 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2528`
+- Adding cast to deal with xtensor-python's signedness of shape
+  `#2510 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2510`
+- Adding missing rank to xtensor_adaptor
+  `#2520 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2520`
+- Fixing compiler warning
+  `#2522 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2522`
+
 0.24.1
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 2d615797b..f2ca26c3b 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.24.1
+  - xtensor=0.24.2
   - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
   - xeus-cling=0.13.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index ffdc5d2fc..9397e41eb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 1
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 2
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From f26a4e224e7481162f5358773cc84c80f5eac78c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mario Emmenlauer <memmenlauer@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2020 22:21:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 324/606] test/CMakeLists.txt: Append /MANIFEST:NO with space
 instead of list-append

---
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 3a00ad3ea..cfc2d9ded 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
     endif()
   else() # We are using clang-cl
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /bigobj")
-    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS ${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO)
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO")
     add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
     add_definitions(-D_SILENCE_TR1_NAMESPACE_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
     if (XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)

From 7efb01da4f46a738225523cccfcb122703d8a888 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mario Emmenlauer <memmenlauer@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2020 22:37:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 325/606] benchmark/CMakeLists.txt: -std=c++14 is not required
 with clang-cl on MSVC

---
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt | 12 +++++++-----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 4dc77a93d..51228749f 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -28,12 +28,14 @@ if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU"
         set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
     endif()
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -O3 -g -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder")
-    CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++14" HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
 
-    if (HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
-        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++14")
-    else()
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported compiler -- xtensor requires C++14 support!")
+    if(NOT "${CMAKE_CXX_SIMULATE_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
+        CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++14" HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
+        if (HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
+            set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++14")
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported compiler -- xtensor requires C++14 support!")
+        endif()
     endif()
 
     # Enable link time optimization and set the default symbol

From d5578450b6bf81de32c4fb87ca9dceaf41bea970 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 May 2022 14:12:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 326/606] rename storage_iterator to linear_iterator

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp                | 60 +++++++-------
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp               | 10 +--
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp                 | 46 +++++------
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp             | 80 +++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp                 | 34 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp                 | 12 +--
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp   | 72 ++++++++---------
 .../xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp    | 46 +++++------
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp             | 20 ++---
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp                     | 74 ++++++++---------
 test/test_common.hpp                          | 32 ++++----
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                       |  2 +-
 12 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 244 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 2fc964eff..8c63e73ec 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ namespace xt
         using data_alignment = xt_simd::container_alignment_t<storage_type>;
         using simd_type = xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>;
 
-        using storage_iterator = typename iterable_base::storage_iterator;
-        using const_storage_iterator = typename iterable_base::const_storage_iterator;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = typename iterable_base::reverse_storage_iterator;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = typename iterable_base::const_reverse_storage_iterator;
+        using linear_iterator = typename iterable_base::linear_iterator;
+        using const_linear_iterator = typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = typename iterable_base::reverse_linear_iterator;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename iterable_base::const_reverse_linear_iterator;
 
         static_assert(static_layout != layout_type::any, "Container layout can never be layout_type::any!");
 
@@ -189,24 +189,24 @@ namespace xt
         container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
         /*simd_return_type<requested_type>*/ load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
-        storage_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
-        storage_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
 
-        const_storage_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        reverse_storage_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
-        reverse_storage_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
 
-        using container_iterator = storage_iterator;
-        using const_container_iterator = const_storage_iterator;
+        using container_iterator = linear_iterator;
+        using const_container_iterator = const_linear_iterator;
 
     protected:
 
@@ -752,73 +752,73 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().begin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().end();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().begin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().cend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().cend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().crend();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index c0290f4f7..68fa42d82 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E>
     using const_xclosure_t = typename const_xclosure<E>::type;
- 
+
     /*************************
      * expression tag system *
      *************************/
@@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename E::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename E::const_stepper;
 
-        using storage_iterator = typename E::storage_iterator;
-        using const_storage_iterator = typename E::const_storage_iterator;
+        using linear_iterator = typename E::linear_iterator;
+        using const_linear_iterator = typename E::const_linear_iterator;
 
         using bool_load_type = typename E::bool_load_type;
 
@@ -571,14 +571,14 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(rend)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(crbegin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(crend)
-        
+
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_begin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_end)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_begin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_end)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_cbegin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_cend)
-        
+
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_rbegin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_rend)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_rbegin)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index cbcf83cd9..15b06b3f7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -230,10 +230,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using const_reverse_broadcast_iterator = typename iterable_base::template const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>;
 
-        using const_storage_iterator = xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>;
-        using storage_iterator = const_storage_iterator;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_storage_iterator>;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<storage_iterator>;
+        using const_linear_iterator = xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>;
+        using linear_iterator = const_linear_iterator;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_linear_iterator>;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<linear_iterator>;
 
         using iterator = typename iterable_base::iterator;
         using const_iterator = typename iterable_base::const_iterator;
@@ -292,15 +292,15 @@ namespace xt
         using iterable_base::crbegin;
         using iterable_base::crend;
 
-        const_storage_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
         const_stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept;
@@ -686,53 +686,53 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_cend();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return linear_begin(e); };
         return build_iterator(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return linear_end(e); };
         return build_iterator(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_crend();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_cend());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cend());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_cbegin());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cbegin());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class Func, std::size_t... I>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::build_iterator(Func&& f, std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
     {
-        return const_storage_iterator(this, f(std::get<I>(m_e))...);
+        return const_linear_iterator(this, f(std::get<I>(m_e))...);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 375cb7a26..27f0d016b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using const_reverse_broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::template const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>>;
 
-        using storage_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::storage_iterator>;
-        using const_storage_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_storage_iterator>;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::reverse_storage_iterator>;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_reverse_storage_iterator>;
+        using linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>;
+        using const_linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator>;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::reverse_linear_iterator>;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_reverse_linear_iterator>;
 
         using iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::iterator>;
         using const_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_iterator>;
@@ -293,21 +293,21 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>
         const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L> crend(const S& shape) const noexcept;
 
-        storage_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
-        storage_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
 
-        const_storage_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        reverse_storage_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
-        reverse_storage_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
         stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
@@ -1221,75 +1221,75 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_iterator(m_e.storage_begin(), &m_functor);
+        return linear_iterator(m_e.storage_begin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_iterator(m_e.storage_end(), &m_functor);
+        return linear_iterator(m_e.storage_end(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_begin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_begin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_end(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_end(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_cbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_cbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_cend(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_cend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_rbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_rend(), &m_functor);
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_rbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_rend(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_crbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_crbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(m_e.storage_crend(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_crend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     /***************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
index 81ee205c5..528409f80 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <layout_type L>
         using const_reverse_layout_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_layout_iterator<L>>;
 
-        using storage_iterator = layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
-        using const_storage_iterator = const_layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = reverse_layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = const_reverse_layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
+        using linear_iterator = layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
+        using const_linear_iterator = const_layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = reverse_layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = const_reverse_layout_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
 
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using broadcast_iterator = xiterator<stepper, S, L>;
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename base_type::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename base_type::const_stepper;
 
-        using storage_iterator = typename base_type::storage_iterator;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = typename base_type::reverse_storage_iterator;
+        using linear_iterator = typename base_type::linear_iterator;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = typename base_type::reverse_linear_iterator;
 
         template <layout_type L>
         using layout_iterator = typename base_type::template layout_iterator<L>;
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class C>
-        struct storage_iterator_traits
+        struct linear_iterator_traits
         {
             using iterator = typename C::iterator;
             using const_iterator = typename C::const_iterator;
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class C>
-        struct storage_iterator_traits<const C>
+        struct linear_iterator_traits<const C>
         {
             using iterator = typename C::const_iterator;
             using const_iterator = iterator;
@@ -321,23 +321,23 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using const_reverse_broadcast_iterator = typename iterable_base::template const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>;
 
-        using storage_traits = detail::storage_iterator_traits<storage_type>;
-        using storage_iterator = typename storage_traits::iterator;
-        using const_storage_iterator = typename storage_traits::const_iterator;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = typename storage_traits::reverse_iterator;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = typename storage_traits::const_reverse_iterator;
+        using storage_traits = detail::linear_iterator_traits<storage_type>;
+        using linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::iterator;
+        using const_linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::const_iterator;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::reverse_iterator;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::const_reverse_iterator;
 
         template <layout_type L, class It1, class It2>
         using select_iterator_impl = std::conditional_t<L == static_layout, It1, It2>;
 
         template <layout_type L>
-        using select_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, storage_iterator, layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using select_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, linear_iterator, layout_iterator<L>>;
         template <layout_type L>
-        using select_const_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, const_storage_iterator, const_layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using select_const_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, const_linear_iterator, const_layout_iterator<L>>;
         template <layout_type L>
-        using select_reverse_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, reverse_storage_iterator, reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using select_reverse_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, reverse_linear_iterator, reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
         template <layout_type L>
-        using select_const_reverse_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, const_reverse_storage_iterator, const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using select_const_reverse_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, const_reverse_linear_iterator, const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
 
         using iterator = select_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
         using const_iterator = select_const_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index 64109dcf4..fb2e0f70f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -423,12 +423,12 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class C, class = void_t<>>
-        struct has_storage_iterator : std::false_type
+        struct has_linear_iterator : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class C>
-        struct has_storage_iterator<C, void_t<decltype(std::declval<C>().storage_cbegin())>>
+        struct has_linear_iterator<C, void_t<decltype(std::declval<C>().storage_cbegin())>>
             : std::true_type
         {
         };
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_storage_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).storage_begin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_storage_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).storage_end();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(const C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_storage_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).storage_cbegin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(const C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_storage_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).storage_cend();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 1a0768d59..fa40d4d35 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using const_reverse_broadcast_iterator = typename iterable_base::template const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>;
 
-        using storage_iterator = typename storage_type::iterator;
-        using const_storage_iterator = typename storage_type::const_iterator;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = typename storage_type::reverse_iterator;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = typename storage_type::const_reverse_iterator;
+        using linear_iterator = typename storage_type::iterator;
+        using const_linear_iterator = typename storage_type::const_iterator;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = typename storage_type::reverse_iterator;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename storage_type::const_reverse_iterator;
 
         using iterator = typename iterable_base::iterator;
         using const_iterator = typename iterable_base::const_iterator;
@@ -216,21 +216,21 @@ namespace xt
         using iterable_base::crbegin;
         using iterable_base::crend;
 
-        storage_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
-        storage_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
 
-        const_storage_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        reverse_storage_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
-        reverse_storage_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_storage_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
         stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
@@ -829,79 +829,79 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_iterator(value().storage_begin(),
+        return linear_iterator(value().storage_begin(),
                                 has_value().storage_begin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_iterator(value().storage_end(),
+        return linear_iterator(value().storage_end(),
                                 has_value().storage_end());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_cend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_storage_iterator(value().storage_cbegin(),
+        return const_linear_iterator(value().storage_cbegin(),
                                       has_value().storage_cbegin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_storage_iterator(value().storage_cend(),
+        return const_linear_iterator(value().storage_cend(),
                                       has_value().storage_cend());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_storage_iterator(storage_end());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_end());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_storage_iterator(storage_begin());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_begin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage_crend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_cend());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cend());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_cbegin());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cbegin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
index 8b9cb5c01..0e71d73c7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class VE, class FE, bool is_const>
-    class xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator;
+    class xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator;
 
     /******************************
      * xoptional_assembly_storage *
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename value_storage::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename value_storage::difference_type;
 
-        using iterator = xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, false>;
-        using const_iterator = xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, true>;
+        using iterator = xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, false>;
+        using const_iterator = xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, true>;
         using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
         using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
@@ -139,16 +139,16 @@ namespace xt
     void swap(xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs) noexcept;
 
     /***************************************
-     * xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator *
+     * xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator *
      ***************************************/
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool is_const>
-    class xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator;
+    class xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator;
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool is_const>
-    struct xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator_traits
+    struct xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator_traits
     {
-        using iterator_type = xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, is_const>;
+        using iterator_type = xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, is_const>;
         using xoptional_assembly_storage_type = xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>;
         using value_type = typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::value_type;
         using reference = std::conditional_t<is_const,
@@ -161,13 +161,13 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool is_const>
-    class xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator
-        : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base2<xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator_traits<VE, FE, is_const>>
+    class xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator
+        : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base2<xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator_traits<VE, FE, is_const>>
     {
     public:
 
-        using self_type = xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, is_const>;
-        using base_type = xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base2<xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator_traits<VE, FE, is_const>>;
+        using self_type = xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, is_const>;
+        using base_type = xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base2<xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator_traits<VE, FE, is_const>>;
 
         using xoptional_assembly_storage_type = xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>;
         using value_iterator = std::conditional_t<is_const,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ namespace xt
         using pointer = typename base_type::pointer;
         using difference_type = typename base_type::difference_type;
 
-        xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator(value_iterator value_it, flag_iterator flag_it);
+        xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator(value_iterator value_it, flag_iterator flag_it);
 
         self_type& operator++();
         self_type& operator--();
@@ -463,17 +463,17 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /******************************************************
-     * xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator implementation *
+     * xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator implementation *
      ******************************************************/
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator(value_iterator value_it, flag_iterator flag_it)
+    inline xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator(value_iterator value_it, flag_iterator flag_it)
         : m_value_it(value_it), m_flag_it(flag_it)
     {
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator++() -> self_type&
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator++() -> self_type&
     {
         ++m_value_it;
         ++m_flag_it;
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator--() -> self_type&
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator--() -> self_type&
     {
         --m_value_it;
         --m_flag_it;
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator+=(difference_type n) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator+=(difference_type n) -> self_type&
     {
         m_value_it += n;
         m_flag_it += n;
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator-=(difference_type n) -> self_type&
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator-=(difference_type n) -> self_type&
     {
         m_value_it -= n;
         m_flag_it -= n;
@@ -505,31 +505,31 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator-(const self_type& rhs) const -> difference_type
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator-(const self_type& rhs) const -> difference_type
     {
         return m_value_it - rhs.m_value_it;
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator*() const -> reference
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator*() const -> reference
     {
         return reference(*m_value_it, *m_flag_it);
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator->() const -> pointer
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator->() const -> pointer
     {
         return &(this->operator*());
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline bool xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator==(const self_type& rhs) const
+    inline bool xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator==(const self_type& rhs) const
     {
         return m_value_it == rhs.m_value_it;
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline bool xoptional_assembly_storage_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator<(const self_type& rhs) const
+    inline bool xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator<(const self_type& rhs) const
     {
         return m_value_it < rhs.m_value_it;
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 4546875af..c10f7d6b4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         using inner_storage_type = typename base_type::inner_storage_type;
         using storage_type = typename base_type::storage_type;
-        using storage_iterator = typename storage_type::iterator;
-        using const_storage_iterator = typename storage_type::const_iterator;
+        using linear_iterator = typename storage_type::iterator;
+        using const_linear_iterator = typename storage_type::const_iterator;
 
         using iterable_base = select_iterable_base_t<L, xexpression_type::static_layout, self_type>;
         using inner_shape_type = typename base_type::inner_shape_type;
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         void fill(const T& value);
 
-        storage_iterator storage_begin();
-        storage_iterator storage_end();
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cbegin() const;
-        const_storage_iterator storage_cend() const;
+        linear_iterator storage_begin();
+        linear_iterator storage_end();
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const;
+        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const;
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
         disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
@@ -473,25 +473,25 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_begin() -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_begin() -> linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_end() -> storage_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_end() -> linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset() + size());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_cbegin() const -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_cbegin() const -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().cbegin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_cend() const -> const_storage_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_cend() const -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().cbegin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset() + size());
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index eac650fc3..c5b1d4730 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -421,17 +421,17 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
 
-        using storage_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+        using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
                                                     std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                        typename xexpression_type::const_storage_iterator,
-                                                        typename xexpression_type::storage_iterator>,
-                                                    typename iterable_base::storage_iterator>;
-        using const_storage_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
-                                                          typename xexpression_type::const_storage_iterator,
-                                                          typename iterable_base::const_storage_iterator>;
+                                                        typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
+                                                        typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
+                                                    typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
+        using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+                                                          typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
+                                                          typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
 
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<storage_iterator>;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_storage_iterator>;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<linear_iterator>;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using container_iterator = pointer;
         using const_container_iterator = const_pointer;
@@ -520,51 +520,51 @@ namespace xt
         storage() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
         storage_begin();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
         storage_end();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
         storage_begin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
         storage_end() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
         storage_cbegin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
         storage_cend() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
         storage_rbegin();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
         storage_rend();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
         storage_rbegin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
         storage_rend() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
         storage_crbegin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
         storage_crend() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_begin()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset();
     }
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_end()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_begin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
         return storage_cbegin();
     }
@@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_end() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
         return storage_cend();
     }
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_cbegin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset();
     }
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_cend() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
@@ -1212,23 +1212,23 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rbegin()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return reverse_storage_iterator(storage_end());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_end());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rend()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return reverse_storage_iterator(storage_begin());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_begin());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rbegin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
         return storage_crbegin();
     }
@@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rend() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
         return storage_crend();
     }
@@ -1244,17 +1244,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crbegin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_end());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_end());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crend() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_storage_iterator>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return const_reverse_storage_iterator(storage_begin());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_begin());
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/test_common.hpp b/test/test_common.hpp
index ab2839cd8..f215a9eac 100644
--- a/test/test_common.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common.hpp
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ namespace xt
     // SCIT: storage const iterator (const int*, std::vector<int>::const_iterator)
     template <class C, class SIT, class SCIT>
     void test_iterator_types()
-    {   
+    {
         using stepper = xstepper<C>;
         using const_stepper = xstepper<const C>;
         using shape_type = typename C::shape_type;
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ namespace xt
         using rm_const_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_layout_iterator<layout_type::row_major>;
         using rm_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::row_major>;
         using rm_const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::row_major>;
-        
+
         using exp_rm_layout_iterator = xiterator<stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::row_major>;
         using exp_rm_const_layout_iterator = xiterator<const_stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::row_major>;
         using exp_rm_reverse_layout_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<rm_layout_iterator>;
@@ -941,8 +941,8 @@ namespace xt
         using cm_layout_iterator = typename C::template layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
         using cm_const_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
         using cm_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
-        using cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;     
-        
+        using cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
+
         using exp_cm_layout_iterator = xiterator<stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::column_major>;
         using exp_cm_const_layout_iterator = xiterator<const_stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::column_major>;
         using exp_cm_reverse_layout_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<cm_layout_iterator>;
@@ -953,20 +953,20 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<cm_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_cm_reverse_layout_iterator>::value));
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator>::value));
 
-        using storage_iterator = typename C::storage_iterator;
-        using const_storage_iterator = typename C::const_storage_iterator;
-        using reverse_storage_iterator = typename C::reverse_storage_iterator;
-        using const_reverse_storage_iterator = typename C::const_reverse_storage_iterator;
+        using linear_iterator = typename C::linear_iterator;
+        using const_linear_iterator = typename C::const_linear_iterator;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = typename C::reverse_linear_iterator;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename C::const_reverse_linear_iterator;
 
-        using exp_storage_iterator = SIT;
-        using exp_const_storage_iterator = SCIT;
-        using exp_reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<SIT>;
-        using exp_const_reverse_storage_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<SCIT>;
+        using exp_linear_iterator = SIT;
+        using exp_const_linear_iterator = SCIT;
+        using exp_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<SIT>;
+        using exp_const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<SCIT>;
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<storage_iterator, exp_storage_iterator>::value));
-        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<const_storage_iterator, exp_const_storage_iterator>::value));
-        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<reverse_storage_iterator, exp_reverse_storage_iterator>::value));
-        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<const_reverse_storage_iterator, exp_const_reverse_storage_iterator>::value));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<linear_iterator, exp_linear_iterator>::value));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<const_linear_iterator, exp_const_linear_iterator>::value));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<reverse_linear_iterator, exp_reverse_linear_iterator>::value));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<const_reverse_linear_iterator, exp_const_reverse_linear_iterator>::value));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index edfbe1f86..5df81d3cb 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ namespace xt
         iterator_tester(f1);
 // For an unknown reason, MSVC cannot correctly generate
 // storage_cbegin() for a function of function. Moreover,
-// a simple SFINAE deduction like has_storage_iterator
+// a simple SFINAE deduction like has_linear_iterator
 // harcoded and tested here fails (while it builds fine in any
 // empty project)
 #ifndef _MSC_VER

From 4ef3cefd7812403f9dfe20f7ccf26410d1c5915a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 May 2022 14:49:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 327/606] remove storage_type from xcontiguous_iterable

---
 include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp    | 15 ++++++++
 test/test_xutils.cpp          | 10 ++++++
 3 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
index 528409f80..b2c4eb92b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
@@ -245,23 +245,53 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <class C>
-        struct linear_iterator_traits
+        template <class T, bool is_const>
+        struct get_storage_iterator;
+
+        template <class T>
+        struct get_storage_iterator<T, true>
         {
-            using iterator = typename C::iterator;
-            using const_iterator = typename C::const_iterator;
-            using reverse_iterator = typename C::reverse_iterator;
-            using const_reverse_iterator = typename C::const_reverse_iterator;
+            using iterator = typename T::const_iterator;
+            using const_iterator = typename T::const_iterator;
+            using reverse_iterator = typename T::const_reverse_iterator;
+            using const_reverse_iterator = typename T::const_reverse_iterator;
         };
 
-        template <class C>
-        struct linear_iterator_traits<const C>
+        template <class T>
+        struct get_storage_iterator<T, false>
+        {
+            using iterator = typename T::iterator;
+            using const_iterator = typename T::const_iterator;
+            using reverse_iterator = typename T::reverse_iterator;
+            using const_reverse_iterator = typename T::const_reverse_iterator;
+        };
+
+        template <class D, bool has_storage_type>
+        struct linear_iterator_traits_impl;
+
+        template <class D>
+        struct linear_iterator_traits_impl<D, true>
         {
-            using iterator = typename C::const_iterator;
-            using const_iterator = iterator;
-            using reverse_iterator = typename C::const_reverse_iterator;
-            using const_reverse_iterator = reverse_iterator;
+            using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<D>;
+            using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
+            using iterator_type = get_storage_iterator<storage_type, std::is_const<storage_type>::value>;
+            using linear_iterator = typename iterator_type::iterator;
+            using const_linear_iterator = typename iterator_type::const_iterator;
+            using reverse_linear_iterator = typename iterator_type::reverse_iterator;
+            using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename iterator_type::const_reverse_iterator;
         };
+
+        template <class D>
+        struct linear_iterator_traits_impl<D, false>
+        {
+            using linear_iterator = typename D::linear_iterator;
+            using const_linear_iterator = typename D::const_linear_iterator;
+            using reverse_linear_iterator = typename D::reverse_linear_iterator;
+            using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename D::const_reverse_linear_iterator;
+        };
+
+        template <class D>
+        using linear_iterator_traits = linear_iterator_traits_impl<D, has_storage_type<D>::value>;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -283,7 +313,6 @@ namespace xt
         using derived_type = D;
 
         using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<D>;
-        using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
 
         using iterable_base = xiterable<D>;
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
@@ -321,11 +350,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using const_reverse_broadcast_iterator = typename iterable_base::template const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>;
 
-        using storage_traits = detail::linear_iterator_traits<storage_type>;
-        using linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::iterator;
-        using const_linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::const_iterator;
-        using reverse_linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::reverse_iterator;
-        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename storage_traits::const_reverse_iterator;
+        using linear_traits = detail::linear_iterator_traits<D>;
+        using linear_iterator = typename linear_traits::linear_iterator;
+        using const_linear_iterator = typename linear_traits::const_linear_iterator;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = typename linear_traits::reverse_linear_iterator;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename linear_traits::const_reverse_linear_iterator;
 
         template <layout_type L, class It1, class It2>
         using select_iterator_impl = std::conditional_t<L == static_layout, It1, It2>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 08a494cfc..1df74437d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -574,6 +574,21 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return N;
     }
+    /***********************************
+     * has_storage_type implementation *
+     ***********************************/
+
+    template <class T, class = void>
+    struct has_storage_type : std::false_type
+    {};
+
+    template<class T>
+    struct xcontainer_inner_types;
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct has_storage_type<T, void_t<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>>
+        : std::true_type
+    {};
 
     /*************************************
      * has_data_interface implementation *
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index 8f41839fa..29fa42b0f 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -132,6 +132,16 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_FALSE(b);
     }
 
+    TEST(utils, has_storage_type)
+    {
+        bool b = has_storage_type<xarray<int>>::value;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
+
+        xarray<int> x, y;
+        b = has_storage_type<decltype(x + y)>::value;
+        EXPECT_FALSE(b);
+    }
+
     TEST(utils, has_strides)
     {
         bool b = has_strides<xarray<int>>::value;

From 429b5146d21ca578180031ff81a54091a80ffdc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 May 2022 19:20:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 328/606] fix linear_iterator_traits

---
 include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp | 10 ++++++----
 test/test_xutils.cpp          |  5 +++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
index b2c4eb92b..f1f2e1aa4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
@@ -284,10 +284,12 @@ namespace xt
         template <class D>
         struct linear_iterator_traits_impl<D, false>
         {
-            using linear_iterator = typename D::linear_iterator;
-            using const_linear_iterator = typename D::const_linear_iterator;
-            using reverse_linear_iterator = typename D::reverse_linear_iterator;
-            using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename D::const_reverse_linear_iterator;
+            using inner_types = xcontainer_inner_types<D>;
+            using xexpression_type = typename inner_types::xexpression_type;
+            using linear_iterator = typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator;
+            using const_linear_iterator = typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator;
+            using reverse_linear_iterator = typename xexpression_type::reverse_linear_iterator;
+            using const_reverse_linear_iterator = typename xexpression_type::const_reverse_linear_iterator;
         };
 
         template <class D>
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index 29fa42b0f..cc6cce949 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -140,6 +140,11 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<int> x, y;
         b = has_storage_type<decltype(x + y)>::value;
         EXPECT_FALSE(b);
+
+        b = has_storage_type<decltype(view(x, all()))>::value;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
+        b = has_storage_type<decltype(view(2*x, all()))>::value;
+        EXPECT_FALSE(b);
     }
 
     TEST(utils, has_strides)

From f16249c1297b319d65e2645b7abf0450f6884a97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 May 2022 19:22:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 329/606] fix has_storage_type

---
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 1df74437d..f09a26f1a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     struct has_storage_type<T, void_t<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>>
-        : std::true_type
+        : xtl::negation<std::is_same<typename std::remove_cv<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>::type, invalid_type>>
     {};
 
     /*************************************

From dec67708bd33b2ddb615b1cde64eccdb27134df8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 May 2022 10:37:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 330/606] rename storage_begin, storage_end, ... by linear_*

---
 benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp             |  6 +--
 benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp              |  2 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp                |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp              | 26 +++++-----
 include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp           |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp             | 12 ++---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp               | 28 +++++------
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp           | 38 +++++++--------
 include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp               |  8 +--
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp               | 10 ++--
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp      | 10 ++--
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp | 54 ++++++++++-----------
 include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp                 | 24 ++++-----
 include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp               |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp                   | 12 ++---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp           | 18 +++----
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp                   | 38 +++++++--------
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                     |  4 +-
 test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp              |  4 +-
 19 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
index f80b2892c..1a5389490 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace xt
         const V a({1,2,3,4});
         const V b({1,2,3,4});
         using value_type = typename V::value_type;
-    
+
         for (auto _ : state)
         {
             xtensor<value_type, 1> result(std::array<std::size_t, 1>({4}));
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace xt
             auto ab = xt::adapt(b);
             auto ar = xt::adapt(res);
             auto fun = aa + ab;
-            std::copy(fun.storage_cbegin(), fun.storage_cend(), ar.storage_begin());
+            std::copy(fun.linear_cbegin(), fun.linear_cend(), ar.linear_begin());
             benchmark::DoNotOptimize(ar.data());
         }
     }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace xt
             auto ab = xt::adapt(b);
             auto ar = xt::adapt(res);
             auto fun = aa + ab;
-            std::transform(fun.storage_cbegin(), fun.storage_cend(), ar.storage_begin(),
+            std::transform(fun.linear_cbegin(), fun.linear_cend(), ar.linear_begin(),
                            [](typename decltype(fun)::value_type x) { return static_cast<typename decltype(ar)::value_type>(x); });
             benchmark::DoNotOptimize(ar.data());
         }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
index 3e4ac1ad0..a7755dffe 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace xt
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
                 auto fun = 3.0 * x - 2.0 * y;
-                std::copy(fun.storage_cbegin(), fun.storage_cend(), res.storage_begin());
+                std::copy(fun.linear_cbegin(), fun.linear_cend(), res.linear_begin());
                 benchmark::DoNotOptimize(res.data());
             }
         }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
index cd888af84..ad081589c 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ namespace xt
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
                 auto fct = f(lhs, rhs);
-                std::copy(fct.storage_begin(), fct.storage_end(), res.storage_begin());
+                std::copy(fct.linear_begin(), fct.linear_end(), res.linear_begin());
                 benchmark::DoNotOptimize(res.data());
             }
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 8c63e73ec..b0bf3d11b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -189,13 +189,13 @@ namespace xt
         container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
         /*simd_return_type<requested_type>*/ load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
-        linear_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
-        linear_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator linear_begin() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator linear_end() noexcept;
 
-        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
         reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
         reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xcontainer<D>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        std::fill(storage_begin(), storage_end(), value);
+        std::fill(linear_begin(), linear_end(), value);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -752,37 +752,37 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().begin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().end();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().begin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().cend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().cend();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
index 9ef4f21ba..a70dafe99 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        return std::fill(this->storage_begin(), this->storage_end(), value);
+        return std::fill(this->linear_begin(), this->linear_end(), value);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index 68fa42d82..be3f4fd7d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -572,12 +572,12 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(crbegin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(crend)
 
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_begin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_end)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_begin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_end)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_cbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_cend)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_begin)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_end)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_begin)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_end)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_cbegin)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_cend)
 
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_rbegin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_rend)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 15b06b3f7..7fe006593 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -292,10 +292,10 @@ namespace xt
         using iterable_base::crbegin;
         using iterable_base::crend;
 
-        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
         const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
         const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
@@ -686,28 +686,28 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_cbegin();
+        return linear_cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_cend();
+        return linear_cend();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return linear_begin(e); };
+        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return xt::linear_begin(e); };
         return build_iterator(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return linear_end(e); };
+        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return xt::linear_end(e); };
         return build_iterator(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
@@ -726,13 +726,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cend());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cend());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cbegin());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cbegin());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 27f0d016b..ef73cb925 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -293,13 +293,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>
         const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L> crend(const S& shape) const noexcept;
 
-        linear_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
-        linear_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator linear_begin() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator linear_end() noexcept;
 
-        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
         reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
         reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
@@ -1221,39 +1221,39 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return linear_iterator(m_e.storage_begin(), &m_functor);
+        return linear_iterator(m_e.linear_begin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return linear_iterator(m_e.storage_end(), &m_functor);
+        return linear_iterator(m_e.linear_end(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_begin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_begin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_end(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_end(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_cbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_cbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_cend(), &m_functor);
+        return const_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_cend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
@@ -1397,7 +1397,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         if (this->layout() == de.layout())
         {
-            std::copy(de.storage_begin(), de.storage_end(), this->storage_begin());
+            std::copy(de.linear_begin(), de.linear_end(), this->linear_begin());
         }
         else
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
index f1f2e1aa4..b010f065b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_begin();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_begin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template begin<L>();
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_end();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_end();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template end<L>();
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_cbegin();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cbegin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template cbegin<L>();
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_cend();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cend();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template cend<L>();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index fb2e0f70f..d5053e693 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class C>
-        struct has_linear_iterator<C, void_t<decltype(std::declval<C>().storage_cbegin())>>
+        struct has_linear_iterator<C, void_t<decltype(std::declval<C>().linear_cbegin())>>
             : std::true_type
         {
         };
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(c).storage_begin();
+            return self(c).linear_begin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).begin();
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(c).storage_end();
+            return self(c).linear_end();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).end();
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(c).storage_cbegin();
+            return self(c).linear_cbegin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).cbegin();
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(c).storage_cend();
+            return self(c).linear_cend();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(c).cend();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
index 74724f06d..9f5075fd3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
-        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->storage_begin(), t)
+        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
 
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
-        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->storage_begin(), t)
+        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
 
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
-        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->storage_begin(), t)
+        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
 
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
-        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->storage_begin(), t)
+        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
 
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
-        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->storage_begin(), t)
+        condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
     //@}
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index fa40d4d35..69928a6d1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -216,13 +216,13 @@ namespace xt
         using iterable_base::crbegin;
         using iterable_base::crend;
 
-        linear_iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
-        linear_iterator storage_end() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator linear_begin() noexcept;
+        linear_iterator linear_end() noexcept;
 
-        const_linear_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_end() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
         reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
         reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xoptional_assembly_base<D>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        std::fill(this->storage_begin(), this->storage_end(), value);
+        std::fill(this->linear_begin(), this->linear_end(), value);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -829,55 +829,55 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return linear_iterator(value().storage_begin(),
-                                has_value().storage_begin());
+        return linear_iterator(value().linear_begin(),
+                                has_value().linear_begin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return linear_iterator(value().storage_end(),
-                                has_value().storage_end());
+        return linear_iterator(value().linear_end(),
+                                has_value().linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_begin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_cbegin();
+        return linear_cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_end() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_cend();
+        return linear_cend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(value().storage_cbegin(),
-                                      has_value().storage_cbegin());
+        return const_linear_iterator(value().linear_cbegin(),
+                                      has_value().linear_cbegin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(value().storage_cend(),
-                                      has_value().storage_cend());
+        return const_linear_iterator(value().linear_cend(),
+                                      has_value().linear_cend());
     }
 
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_end());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_begin());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
@@ -895,13 +895,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cend());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cend());
     }
 
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_cbegin());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cbegin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
index 5a30dfdb7..982f6b78b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
@@ -248,13 +248,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>
         const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L> crend(const S& shape) const noexcept;
 
-        iterator storage_begin() noexcept;
-        iterator storage_end() noexcept;
+        iterator linear_begin() noexcept;
+        iterator linear_end() noexcept;
 
-        const_iterator storage_begin() const noexcept;
-        const_iterator storage_end() const noexcept;
-        const_iterator storage_cbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_iterator storage_cend() const noexcept;
+        const_iterator linear_begin() const noexcept;
+        const_iterator linear_end() const noexcept;
+        const_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
         reverse_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
         reverse_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
@@ -802,37 +802,37 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_begin() noexcept -> iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_begin() noexcept -> iterator
     {
         return this->template begin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_end() noexcept -> iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_end() noexcept -> iterator
     {
         return this->template end<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_begin() const noexcept -> const_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_begin() const noexcept -> const_iterator
     {
         return this->template begin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_end() const noexcept -> const_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_end() const noexcept -> const_iterator
     {
         return this->template end<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_iterator
     {
         return this->template cbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_cend() const noexcept -> const_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_cend() const noexcept -> const_iterator
     {
         return this->template cend<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
index 2f0b233eb..7e7d46f39 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class D>
         auto get_begin(D&& lhs, std::true_type)
         {
-            return lhs.storage_begin();
+            return lhs.linear_begin();
         }
 
         template <class D>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index b60350275..bb8c49c9d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -418,13 +418,13 @@ namespace xt
             std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
         }
 
-        std::copy(de.storage_cbegin(), de.storage_cend(), ev.storage_begin()); // flatten
+        std::copy(de.linear_cbegin(), de.linear_cend(), ev.linear_begin()); // flatten
         std::size_t k_last = kth_copy.back();
-        std::nth_element(ev.storage_begin(), ev.storage_begin() + k_last, ev.storage_end());
+        std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + k_last, ev.linear_end());
 
         for (auto it = (kth_copy.rbegin() + 1); it != kth_copy.rend(); ++it)
         {
-            std::nth_element(ev.storage_begin(), ev.storage_begin() + *it, ev.storage_begin() + k_last);
+            std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + *it, ev.linear_begin() + k_last);
             k_last = *it;
         }
 
@@ -558,13 +558,13 @@ namespace xt
             return de[a] < de[b];
         };
 
-        std::iota(ev.storage_begin(), ev.storage_end(), 0);
+        std::iota(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_end(), 0);
         std::size_t k_last = kth_copy.back();
-        std::nth_element(ev.storage_begin(), ev.storage_begin() + k_last, ev.storage_end(), arg_lambda);
+        std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + k_last, ev.linear_end(), arg_lambda);
 
         for (auto it = (kth_copy.rbegin() + 1); it != kth_copy.rend(); ++it)
         {
-            std::nth_element(ev.storage_begin(), ev.storage_begin() + *it, ev.storage_begin() + k_last, arg_lambda);
+            std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + *it, ev.linear_begin() + k_last, arg_lambda);
             k_last = *it;
         }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index c10f7d6b4..7a83b7e2c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         void fill(const T& value);
 
-        linear_iterator storage_begin();
-        linear_iterator storage_end();
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cbegin() const;
-        const_linear_iterator storage_cend() const;
+        linear_iterator linear_begin();
+        linear_iterator linear_end();
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const;
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
         disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (layout() != layout_type::dynamic)
         {
-            std::fill(this->storage_begin(), this->storage_end(), value);
+            std::fill(this->linear_begin(), this->linear_end(), value);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -473,25 +473,25 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_begin() -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_begin() -> linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_end() -> linear_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_end() -> linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset() + size());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_cbegin() const -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_cbegin() const -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().cbegin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::storage_cend() const -> const_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_cend() const -> const_linear_iterator
     {
         return this->storage().cbegin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset() + size());
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index c5b1d4730..c058be7ee 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -521,27 +521,27 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
-        storage_begin();
+        linear_begin();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
-        storage_end();
+        linear_end();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        storage_begin() const;
+        linear_begin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        storage_end() const;
+        linear_end() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        storage_cbegin() const;
+        linear_cbegin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        storage_cend() const;
+        linear_cend() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>([&](auto self)
         {
-            std::fill(self(this)->storage_begin(), self(this)->storage_end(), value);
+            std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_begin()
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin()
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset();
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_end()
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end()
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset() + this->size();
@@ -1179,23 +1179,23 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_begin() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return storage_cbegin();
+        return linear_cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_end() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return storage_cend();
+        return linear_cend();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_cbegin() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cbegin() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset();
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_cend() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cend() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset() + this->size();
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ namespace xt
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rbegin()
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_end());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ namespace xt
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rend()
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return reverse_linear_iterator(storage_begin());
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ namespace xt
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crbegin() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_end());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ namespace xt
     auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crend() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(storage_begin());
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index 5df81d3cb..2506001ba 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ namespace xt
         if (func.has_linear_assign(res2.strides()))
         {
             auto resit2 = res2.template begin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
-            for (auto it = func.storage_begin(); it != func.storage_end(); ++it)
+            for (auto it = func.linear_begin(); it != func.linear_end(); ++it)
             {
                 *(resit2++) = *it;
             }
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto f2 = x * 2.0 * x;
         iterator_tester(f1);
 // For an unknown reason, MSVC cannot correctly generate
-// storage_cbegin() for a function of function. Moreover,
+// linear_cbegin() for a function of function. Moreover,
 // a simple SFINAE deduction like has_linear_iterator
 // harcoded and tested here fails (while it builds fine in any
 // empty project)
diff --git a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
index 5756b26c4..2f83a6ad7 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         nooblean_adaptor aptvals(vals);
         EXPECT_EQ(aptvals, xvals);
-        auto begin = aptvals.storage_begin();
+        auto begin = aptvals.linear_begin();
 
         *begin = true;
         EXPECT_EQ(bool(*begin), true);
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xfunctor_adaptor, lhs_assignment)
     {
         using container_type = xarray<std::complex<double>>;
-        
+
         container_type e = {{3.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
                             {1.0 - 1.0i, 2.0       }};
 

From c8c5a28a9e015b1be7fccab7129de95ea4cf927e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 May 2022 11:36:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 331/606] rename storage_begin, storage_end, ... by linear_*

---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 7fe006593..bd1a6e223 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
-        using data_type = std::tuple<decltype(linear_begin(std::declval<const std::decay_t<CT>>()))...>;
+        using data_type = std::tuple<decltype(xt::linear_begin(std::declval<const std::decay_t<CT>>()))...>;
 
         template <std::size_t... I>
         reference deref_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const;

From 28b3e9c6c56d05e9ac495eca31899733370ee43f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 May 2022 08:16:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 332/606] rename storage_rbegin, storage_rend, ... to
 linear_rbegin, ...

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp              | 24 +++++++-------
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp             | 12 +++----
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp               | 20 ++++++------
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp           | 36 ++++++++++-----------
 include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp               |  8 ++---
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp | 28 ++++++++--------
 include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp                 | 24 +++++++-------
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp                   | 28 ++++++++--------
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                     |  2 +-
 9 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index b0bf3d11b..e6508ebe9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -197,13 +197,13 @@ namespace xt
         const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
         const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
-        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const noexcept;
 
         using container_iterator = linear_iterator;
         using const_container_iterator = const_linear_iterator;
@@ -788,37 +788,37 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().rend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::linear_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return storage().crend();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index be3f4fd7d..9a73cc660 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -579,12 +579,12 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_cbegin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_cend)
 
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_rbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(storage_rend)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_rbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_rend)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_crbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(storage_crend)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_rbegin)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_rend)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_rbegin)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_rend)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_crbegin)
+        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_crend)
 
         template <class T = E>
         std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index bd1a6e223..b12816e3d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -297,10 +297,10 @@ namespace xt
         const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
         const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
         const_stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept;
@@ -712,25 +712,25 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_crbegin();
+        return linear_crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_crend();
+        return linear_crend();
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cend());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cbegin());
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index ef73cb925..caf6c1f0b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -301,13 +301,13 @@ namespace xt
         const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
         const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
-        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
         stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
@@ -1257,39 +1257,39 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_rbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rend(), &m_functor);
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_rend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_rbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_rend(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_rend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_crbegin(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_crbegin(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::linear_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.storage_crend(), &m_functor);
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(m_e.linear_crend(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     /***************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
index b010f065b..dc2bf89e1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_rbegin();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rbegin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template rbegin<L>();
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_rend();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rend();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template rend<L>();
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_crbegin();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crbegin();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template crbegin<L>();
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
         {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().storage_crend();
+            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crend();
         }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
         {
             return self(*this).iterable_base::template crend<L>();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 69928a6d1..1b736bb06 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -224,13 +224,13 @@ namespace xt
         const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
         const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
-        reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() noexcept;
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_linear_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
         stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
@@ -869,37 +869,37 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_rend() noexcept -> reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_crbegin();
+        return linear_crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
-        return storage_crend();
+        return linear_crend();
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cend());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cbegin());
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
index 982f6b78b..89ff8d8dd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
@@ -256,13 +256,13 @@ namespace xt
         const_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept;
         const_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept;
 
-        reverse_iterator storage_rbegin() noexcept;
-        reverse_iterator storage_rend() noexcept;
+        reverse_iterator linear_rbegin() noexcept;
+        reverse_iterator linear_rend() noexcept;
 
-        const_reverse_iterator storage_rbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_iterator storage_rend() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_iterator storage_crbegin() const noexcept;
-        const_reverse_iterator storage_crend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_iterator linear_rbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_iterator linear_rend() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_iterator linear_crbegin() const noexcept;
+        const_reverse_iterator linear_crend() const noexcept;
 
         template <class S>
         stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
@@ -838,37 +838,37 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_iterator
     {
         return this->template rbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_rend() noexcept -> reverse_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_rend() noexcept -> reverse_iterator
     {
         return this->template rend<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_rbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
     {
         return this->template rbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_rend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
     {
         return this->template rend<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_crbegin() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
     {
         return this->template crbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    inline auto xscalar<CT>::storage_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
+    inline auto xscalar<CT>::linear_crend() const noexcept -> const_reverse_iterator
     {
         return this->template crend<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index c058be7ee..d1f619267 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -545,27 +545,27 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
-        storage_rbegin();
+        linear_rbegin();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
-        storage_rend();
+        linear_rend();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        storage_rbegin() const;
+        linear_rbegin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        storage_rend() const;
+        linear_rend() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        storage_crbegin() const;
+        linear_crbegin() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        storage_crend() const;
+        linear_crend() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rbegin()
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin()
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rend()
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend()
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
@@ -1227,23 +1227,23 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rbegin() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return storage_crbegin();
+        return linear_crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_rend() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
-        return storage_crend();
+        return linear_crend();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crbegin() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crbegin() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
@@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::storage_crend() const
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crend() const
         -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index 2506001ba..d74b489be 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             auto resit4 = res4.template rbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
-            for (auto it = func.storage_rbegin(); it != func.storage_rend(); ++it)
+            for (auto it = func.linear_rbegin(); it != func.linear_rend(); ++it)
             {
                 *(resit4++) = *it;
             }

From 812361ab3300d495aff44a4a179cdb306612d0d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 May 2022 20:41:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 333/606] remove storage_type from xcontainer_iterable_types

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index e6508ebe9..3e44e0bf9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ namespace xt
     struct xcontainer_iterable_types
     {
         using inner_shape_type = typename xcontainer_inner_types<D>::inner_shape_type;
-        using storage_type = typename xcontainer_inner_types<D>::storage_type;
         using stepper = xstepper<D>;
         using const_stepper = xstepper<const D>;
     };

From 03e5ea4e6a7ae2d509954a9b9e46f6989719289c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loic Gouarin <loic.gouarin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 May 2022 20:41:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 334/606] replace has_data_interface by has_storage_type

---
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index 9a73cc660..d6161973a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<E>,
                                                            detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<E>,
                                                            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_data_interface<E>,
+        using storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_storage_type<E>,
                                                  detail::expr_storage_type<E>,
                                                  make_invalid_type<>>;
 

From 119d35b7d1f75bc5c18cd63a9c12833715265824 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Thu, 5 May 2022 15:27:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 335/606] enabling reference type for xfunction.

---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index cbcf83cd9..b9a0be407 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -142,9 +142,10 @@ namespace xt
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfunction<F, CT...>>
     {
         // Added indirection for MSVC 2017 bug with the operator value_type()
-        using value_type = typename meta_identity<decltype(std::declval<F>()(std::declval<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>>>()...))>::type;
-        using reference = value_type;
-        using const_reference = value_type;
+        using func_return_type = typename meta_identity<decltype(std::declval<F>()(std::declval<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>>>()...))>::type;
+        using value_type = std::decay_t<func_return_type>;
+        using reference = func_return_type;
+        using const_reference = reference;
         using size_type = common_size_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>...>;
     };
 
@@ -439,7 +440,7 @@ namespace xt
         using xfunction_type = xfunction<F, CT...>;
 
         using value_type = typename xfunction_type::value_type;
-        using reference = typename xfunction_type::value_type;
+        using reference = typename xfunction_type::reference;
         using pointer = typename xfunction_type::const_pointer;
         using size_type = typename xfunction_type::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename xfunction_type::difference_type;

From f053868253d66e760029399839a8af48b2606588 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 11:11:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 336/606] fixing linear iterator docs.

---
 docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
index 32f97d80f..d8ead757d 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/implementation_classes.rst
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ types:
     template <class S, layout_type L>
     const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>;
 
-    storage_iterator;
-    const_storage_iterator;
-    reverse_storage_iterator;
-    const_reverse_storage_iterator;
+    linear_iterator;
+    const_linear_iterator;
+    reverse_linear_iterator;
+    const_reverse_linear_iterator;
 
 **layout data**
 

From d2009ca2bce078b9a310a670f6001c945878f28e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Thu, 7 Jul 2022 15:52:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 337/606] changing static layout in xtsrided_view
 temporary_type to container's layout.

---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 7a83b7e2c..60c5bcbde 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace xt
         using undecay_shape = S;
         using storage_getter = FST;
         using inner_storage_type = typename storage_getter::type;
-        using temporary_type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<S>::template type<typename xexpression_type::value_type, L>;
+        using temporary_type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<S>::template type<typename xexpression_type::value_type, xexpression_type::static_layout>;
         using storage_type = std::remove_reference_t<inner_storage_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type layout = L;
     };

From 4ad7215da25cb1a0022e6d6c7975aa7647314217 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2022 12:37:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 338/606] fixing pointer type traits in xadapt.

---
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index bf8150b1f..e32258fa3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class SC,
               XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           std::is_pointer<C>)>
+                           std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class SC,
               XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           std::is_pointer<C>)>
+                           std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_fixed_adaptor
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, std::size_t... X,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_pointer<C>)>
+              XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const fixed_shape<X...>& /*shape*/)
     {
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<C, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<C>>;

From d6c02683e9006061e67bc4a86d82e6cf920ab28c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Aug 2022 18:45:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 339/606] Upgraded to xsimd 9.0.1

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                           | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 4573d2a2c..f13e1e858 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
                         doctest==2.4.7 ^
                         nlohmann_json ^
                         xtl==0.7.0 ^
-                        xsimd==8.0.3 ^
+                        xsimd==9.0.1 ^
                         python=3.9
           conda list
         displayName: "Install conda packages"
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 477e3b5a0..56205e3ae 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB AND XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 8.0.2)
+    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 9.0.1)
     if(TARGET xsimd)
         set(xsimd_VERSION ${XSIMD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_MINOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_PATCH})
         # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index b12fe94ce..5318f6af9 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ channels:
 dependencies:
   - cmake
   - xtl=0.7.0
-  - xsimd=8.0.3
+  - xsimd=9.0.1
   - nlohmann_json
   - doctest=2.4.7

From 11d13182ee72f3a97f0c76daffa6bc8c01a47640 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Aug 2022 18:49:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 340/606] CI: Removed deprecated image MacOS 10.15 and added
 MacOS 12

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
index beeafce57..727b8add6 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ jobs:
   - job: 'OSX'
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        macOS_10_15:
-          image_name: 'macOS-10.15'
         macOS_11:
           image_name: 'macOS-11'
+        macOS_12:
+          image_name: 'macOS-12'
     pool:
       vmImage: $(image_name)
     variables:

From 9e8662ddad7fcd1a96969b96bf8955e59cf44978 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2022 14:13:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 341/606] Release 0.24.3

---
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 96917c97e..a4392983a 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.24.3
+------
+
+- Rename and fix storage iterator
+  `#2534 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2534`
+- rename storage_rbegin, storage_rend, ... to linear_rbegin, ...
+  `#2535 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2535`
+- Enabling reference value types for xfunction.
+  `#2532 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2532`
+- fixing linear iterator docs.
+  `#2538 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2538`
+- Minor improvements for Windows (MSVC, ClangCl) support
+  `#2531 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2531`
+- changing static layout in xtsrided_view temporary_type to container's layout
+  `#2553 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2553`
+- Upgraded to xsimd 9.0.1
+  `#2573 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2573`
+
 0.24.2
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index f2ca26c3b..6a79ab770 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.24.2
+  - xtensor=0.24.4
   - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
   - xeus-cling=0.13.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 9397e41eb..3ddbeffb6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 2
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 3
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 98731cadd1c8e55c2b8872262551e8146f877b40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2022 23:23:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 342/606] Removed pinning of breathe in docs configuration

---
 docs/environment.yml | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/environment.yml b/docs/environment.yml
index a2ad7e8a7..3b9b55633 100644
--- a/docs/environment.yml
+++ b/docs/environment.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,4 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 
 dependencies:
-  # More recent version of breathe has an
-  # annoying bug regarding resolution of
-  # template overloads
-  - breathe==4.16.0
+  - breathe

From 273041ac22d743b22034a7d1c7a098b314e0dd71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Parsons <dparsons@debian.org>
Date: Mon, 5 Sep 2022 23:15:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 343/606] find external packages after defining project

xtensors finds the threads package. But find(Threads) fails with the
error message:
  FindThreads only works if either C or CXX language is enabled
The project needs to be defined first (enabling CXX language)

Applies debian patch
https://salsa.debian.org/science-team/xtensor/-/blob/master/debian/patches/test_findpackage_after_project.patch
---
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index cfc2d9ded..93e4f5022 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
 
-find_package(doctest            REQUIRED)
-find_package(Threads)
-
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test CXX)
 
@@ -21,6 +18,9 @@ if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${xtensor_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 endif ()
 
+find_package(doctest            REQUIRED)
+find_package(Threads)
+
 if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
     message(STATUS "Setting tests build type to Release")
     set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)

From c7dedf01831dc830649027be1ee8f99491a13e1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Andrew A. N" <24280372+ndrwnaguib@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 20 Aug 2022 16:31:43 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 344/606] fix doc typo: "hastack" to "hstack"

---
 docs/source/quickref/builder.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
index 10fefe025..836356be9 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ HStack
 
     xt::xarray<double> a1 = {1, 2, 3};
     xt::xarray<double> b1 = {2, 3 ,4};
-    auto c1 = xt::hastack(xt::xtuple(a1, b1));
+    auto c1 = xt::hstack(xt::xtuple(a1, b1));
     std::cout << c1 << std::endl;
     // Outputs {1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4}
 

From 980e573b81f3ed65f7524ce0ee8865942ef43e1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 10:34:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 345/606] Minor documentation update

---
 docs/source/rank.rst | 10 +++++++---
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/rank.rst b/docs/source/rank.rst
index 99dc2b35a..c5934b7e3 100644
--- a/docs/source/rank.rst
+++ b/docs/source/rank.rst
@@ -104,10 +104,14 @@ Consider the following example:
         xt::xtensor<double, 2> B = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
         xt::xarray<double> C = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
 
-        std::cout << Foo<decltype(A)>::value() << std::endl;
-        std::cout << Foo<decltype(B)>::value() << std::endl;
-        std::cout << Foo<decltype(C)>::value() << std::endl;
+        assert(Foo<decltype(A)>::value() == 1);
+        assert(Foo<decltype(B)>::value() == 2);
+        assert(Foo<decltype(C)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
 
         return 0;
     }
 
+``xt::get_rank`` 'returns' the rank of the *xtensor* object if its rank is fixed.
+In all other cases it 'returns' ``SIZE_MAX``.
+Indeed ``xt::get_rank<xt::array<double>>::value`` is equal to ``SIZE_MAX``, but equally so is ``xt::get_rank<double>::value``.
+

From bcf4bc76072dc271deb0f90ebeb473619bbba58b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mengna Li <95600143+Adela0814@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Sep 2022 14:04:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 346/606] Add vcpkg installation instructions

---
 README.md | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5098ccd8e..5e96aa4b4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -59,6 +59,20 @@ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=your_install_prefix
 make install
 ```
 
+### Installing xtensor using vcpkg
+
+You can download and install xtensor using the [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) dependency manager:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
+cd vcpkg
+./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
+./vcpkg integrate install
+./vcpkg install xtensor
+```
+
+The xtensor port in vcpkg is kept up to date by Microsoft team members and community contributors. If the version is out of date, please [create an issue or pull request](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) on the vcpkg repository.
+
 ## Trying it online
 
 You can play with `xtensor` interactively in a Jupyter notebook right now! Just click on the binder link below:

From bffa0ce9ba596afdb7f44c408804cff40e6d5e9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tony Newton / Teng Liu <27rabbitlt@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Oct 2022 13:13:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 347/606] fix a tiny typo in concepts.rst

Fix a small typo in line 49, concepts.rst. As is shown in the real code, the correct function prototype is `const derived_type& derived_cast() const & noexcept;` while the original on is `const derived_type& derived_cast() & noexcept;`, which is obviously wrong since it's not a valid function overload.
---
 docs/source/developer/concepts.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
index 30219da8a..dd3f5ed7a 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ object to the most inheriting type, depending on the nature of the object (*lval
 .. code::
 
     derived_type& derived_cast() & noexcept;
-    const derived_type& derived_cast() & noexcept;
+    const derived_type& derived_cast() const & noexcept;
     derived_type derived_cast() && noexcept;
 
 .. _xiterable-concept-label:

From bdf5334920686b2454206788fc2fa3d80f304f8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Matwey V. Kornilov" <matwey.kornilov@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Oct 2022 23:58:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 348/606] Explicitly declare test_xtensor_core_lib as STATIC

When STATIC keyword is missed from add_library() arguments, the library type
(static/shared) can still be controlled via -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS command line
option.

While BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF is the default value, it is common practice to set
this ON while building packages for major Linux distributions. In order to
specify that the library is meant to be static unconditionally, use STATIC
keyword here.
---
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 93e4f5022..7f696e6a5 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ add_test(NAME xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib)
 # Some files will be compiled twice, however compiling common files in a static
 # library and linking test_xtensor_lib with it removes half of the tests at
 # runtime.
-add_library(test_xtensor_core_lib ${COMMON_BASE} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
+add_library(test_xtensor_core_lib STATIC ${COMMON_BASE} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 target_include_directories(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
 
 target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE xtensor doctest::doctest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})

From 7738389861044c9618c7d59fb7602f7dddc1df7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Matwey V. Kornilov" <matwey.kornilov@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Oct 2022 19:32:30 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 349/606] Install as arch-independent

xternsor is header only library, so prefer arch-independed paths for pkgconfig
and cmake.

See for reference: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtl/commit/d877d94836aff4d0f727acf3eaab8f4880ecb625
---
 CMakeLists.txt | 4 ++--
 xtensor.pc.in  | 1 -
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 56205e3ae..108efd56a 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ export(EXPORT ${PROJECT_NAME}-targets
 install(FILES ${XTENSOR_HEADERS}
         DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/xtensor)
 
-set(XTENSOR_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}" CACHE
+set(XTENSOR_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}" CACHE
     STRING "install path for xtensorConfig.cmake")
 
 configure_package_config_file(${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake.in
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ configure_file(${PROJECT_NAME}.pc.in
                "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
                 @ONLY)
 install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
-        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig/")
+        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR}/pkgconfig/")
 
 # Write single include
 # ====================
diff --git a/xtensor.pc.in b/xtensor.pc.in
index 9d57bfd29..0352e0bd1 100644
--- a/xtensor.pc.in
+++ b/xtensor.pc.in
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
-libdir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR@
 includedir=${prefix}/include
 
 Name: xtensor

From a1df9836a6632b5125a69ce021f0b943e3f30901 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2022 19:21:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 350/606] Migrated to the bash homebrew uninstaller

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
index 727b8add6..0fc23db5b 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - script: |
           echo "Removing homebrew for Azure to avoid conflicts with conda"
-          curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall > ~/uninstall_homebrew
-          chmod +x ~/uninstall_homebrew
-          ~/uninstall_homebrew -f -q
+          /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/uninstall.sh)"
+          #> ~/uninstall_homebrew
+          #chmod +x ~/uninstall_homebrew
+          #~/uninstall_homebrew -f -q
         displayName: Remove homebrew
 
       - bash: |

From 8ef0ee649fcd7476242af1d2072b45364036937d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Matwey V. Kornilov" <matwey.kornilov@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 15:57:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 351/606] Use allclose in test_xreducer

Partially fix #2328 for i386 architecture.
---
 test/test_xreducer.cpp | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 7f6f34454..d1405b8a5 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -600,10 +600,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(avg_all, expect_all));
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(avg_all_2, expect_all));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(avg0, expect0)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(avg1, expect1)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(avg_m1, expect1)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(avg_d1, expect1)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(avg0, expect0));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(avg1, expect1));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(avg_m1, expect1));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(avg_d1, expect1));
     }
 
 #define TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(INPUT)                                            \

From cc6f42192051159b720e6f183d1c48d3cd544505 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2022 13:29:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 352/606] Add simple pre-commit hooks

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment-dev.yml     |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .pre-commit-config.yaml

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4fd4d432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v4.3.0
+    hooks:
+    - id: check-added-large-files
+    - id: check-case-conflict
+    - id: end-of-file-fixer
+    - id: trailing-whitespace
+    - id: mixed-line-ending
+      args: ["--fix=lf"]
+      exclude: '\.bat$'
+    - id: check-json
+    - id: pretty-format-json
+      args: ["--autofix", "--top-keys=version"]
+    - id: check-yaml
+    - id: detect-private-key
+    - id: check-merge-conflict
+  - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v1.3.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: forbid-tabs
+      - id: remove-tabs
+        args: [--whitespaces-count, "4"]
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 5318f6af9..1448bd14d 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ dependencies:
   - xsimd=9.0.1
   - nlohmann_json
   - doctest=2.4.7
+  # Dev dependencies
+  - pre-commit

From 14f5bfe47d39a28f1d8f3d47d3fb3e5e2d093663 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2022 13:32:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 353/606] Fix whitespaces

---
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml             |   3 +-
 .azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml               |   4 +-
 .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md              |   2 +-
 azure-pipelines.yml                           |   1 -
 benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp               |   6 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp              |   2 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp    |   2 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp                |   2 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp           |   2 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp       |   2 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp                |   2 +-
 benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in             |   2 +-
 benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in         |   2 +-
 docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst           |   1 -
 docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst         |   1 -
 docs/source/api/error_functions.rst           |   1 -
 docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst     |   1 -
 docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst      |   1 -
 docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst        |   1 -
 docs/source/api/power_functions.rst           |   1 -
 docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst   |   1 -
 docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst                |   1 -
 docs/source/api/xfixed.rst                    |   1 -
 docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst                |   1 -
 docs/source/api/xio.rst                       |   2 +-
 docs/source/api/xiterable.rst                 |   1 -
 docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst             |   1 -
 docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst           |   1 -
 docs/source/bindings.rst                      |  13 +-
 docs/source/builder.rst                       |   1 -
 docs/source/changelog.rst                     |  40 +-
 docs/source/closure-semantics.rst             |   2 +-
 docs/source/conda.svg                         |   2 +-
 docs/source/debian.svg                        |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/assign_xexpression.svg  |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/assignment.rst          |   5 +-
 docs/source/developer/computed_assign.svg     |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst     |   1 -
 .../developer/extended_copy_semantic.svg      |   2 +-
 .../source/developer/iterating_expression.rst |   3 +-
 docs/source/developer/iteration.svg           |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/stepper_basic.svg       |   2 +-
 .../source/developer/stepper_broadcasting.svg |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/stepper_iterating.svg   |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/stepper_to_end.svg      |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/xarray_uml.svg          |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/xcontainer_classes.svg  |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/xfunction_tree.svg      |   2 +-
 docs/source/developer/xsemantic_classes.svg   |   2 +-
 docs/source/external-structures.rst           |   7 +-
 docs/source/getting_started.rst               |   1 -
 docs/source/numpy.rst                         |   2 +-
 docs/source/numpy.svg                         |   2 +-
 docs/source/pitfall.rst                       |   4 +-
 docs/source/quantstack-white.svg              |   2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/basic.rst                |   2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/builder.rst              |   3 -
 docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst             |   8 +-
 docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst         |   5 +-
 docs/source/quickref/math.rst                 |   1 -
 docs/source/quickref/operator.rst             |   1 -
 docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst              |   2 +-
 docs/source/rank.rst                          |   1 -
 docs/source/scalar.rst                        |   3 +-
 docs/source/view.rst                          |   2 +-
 docs/source/xtensor-cookiecutter.svg          |   2 +-
 docs/source/xtensor-io.svg                    |   2 +-
 docs/source/xtensor-ros.svg                   |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp               |   1 -
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp                    |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp                   |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp        |  24 +-
 .../xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp   |  40 +-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp           |  13 +-
 include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp                  |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp                      |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp                     |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp      |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp                      |   1 -
 include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp              |   1 -
 include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp                 |  22 +-
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp                   |  56 +--
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp        |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp            |   2 +-
 .../test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy         |   2 +-
 .../cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy      |   8 +-
 test/files/generate.py                        |   2 +-
 test/files/xio_expected_results.hpp           | 394 +++++++++---------
 test/files/xio_expected_results/big_exp.txt   |   2 +-
 test/files/xio_expected_results/bool_fn.txt   |   2 +-
 .../xio_expected_results/complex_numbers.txt  |  62 +--
 .../complex_zero_erasing.txt                  |  62 +--
 .../custom_formatter_result.txt               |   2 +-
 test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_4d.txt    |  88 ++--
 test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_both.txt  |   4 +-
 test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_high.txt  |   4 +-
 test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_long.txt  |   2 +-
 .../float_leading_zero.txt                    |  22 +-
 .../xio_expected_results/long_strings.txt     |   2 +-
 test/files/xio_expected_results/precision.txt |   2 +-
 .../print_options_result.txt                  |  44 +-
 .../xio_expected_results/random_nan_inf.txt   | 122 +++---
 .../xio_expected_results/random_strings.txt   |   2 +-
 .../xio_expected_results/threed_double.txt    |   2 +-
 .../xio_expected_results/twod_double.txt      |   2 +-
 test/test_common_macros.hpp                   |   2 +-
 test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp         | 166 ++++----
 test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp             |   1 -
 test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp           |   1 -
 test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp         | 133 +++---
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp                  | 129 +++---
 test/test_utils.hpp                           |   1 -
 test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp               |   2 +-
 test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp            |   4 +-
 test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp              |  18 +-
 test/test_xbroadcast.cpp                      |   2 +-
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp                        |   2 +-
 test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp             |   2 +-
 test/test_xcsv.cpp                            |   4 +-
 test/test_xdatesupport.cpp                    |   3 +-
 test/test_xeval.cpp                           |  10 +-
 test/test_xexpression.cpp                     |   4 +-
 test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp              |   1 -
 test/test_xfixed.cpp                          |   2 +-
 test/test_xindex_view.cpp                     |   2 +-
 test/test_xiterator.cpp                       |   6 +-
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp               |  28 +-
 test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp            |   4 +-
 test/test_xoptional.cpp                       |   2 +-
 test/test_xreducer.cpp                        |  98 ++---
 test/test_xsimd8.cpp                          |   1 -
 test/test_xstorage.cpp                        |   6 +-
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp                   |   2 +-
 133 files changed, 900 insertions(+), 945 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
index b34cb9234..5f09f7741 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
@@ -47,9 +47,8 @@ jobs:
             sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$(gcc_version)
           fi
         displayName: Install build toolchain
-          
+
       - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
         displayName: Add conda to PATH
 
       - template: unix-build.yml
-
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
index a3b438e22..0f0386fb1 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ steps:
       cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX $CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
     displayName: Configure xtensor
     workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
-      
+
   - script: |
       source activate xtensor
       make -j2 test_xtensor_lib
     displayName: Build xtensor
     workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build
-          
+
   - script: |
       source activate xtensor
       cd test
diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index eed4e3b7c..3de597778 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 # Description
 
 <!---
-Give any relevant description here. 
+Give any relevant description here.
 If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting the relevant issue ID).
 -->
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index fa63f16b6..4be81883d 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -6,4 +6,3 @@ jobs:
   - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
   - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
   - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
-
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
index 021f09dfb..c62f5967a 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ namespace xt
             benchmark::DoNotOptimize(a.data());
         }
     }
-    
+
     template <class T>
     inline auto builder_arange_for_loop_assign(benchmark::State& state)
     {
         for (auto _ : state)
-        { 
+        {
             auto expr = xt::arange(0, 10000);
             T res = T::from_shape({10000});
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto builder_ones(benchmark::State& state)
     {
         for (auto _ : state)
-        { 
+        {
             xt::xarray<double> res = xt::ones<double>({200, 200});
             benchmark::DoNotOptimize(res.data());
         }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
index 12c423216..5101d7bcb 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
@@ -64,4 +64,4 @@ namespace xt
     BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(benchmark_from_shape, xtensor<double, 2>);
     BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(benchmark_creation, xarray<double>);
     BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(benchmark_creation, xtensor<double, 2>);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
index abe454b8d..c390a5bc0 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
@@ -71,4 +71,4 @@ namespace xt
     BENCHMARK(lambda_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32<<3);
     BENCHMARK(xsimd_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32<<3);
     BENCHMARK(xexpression_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
index 93c0e17b3..8f134a1ec 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     namespace random_bench
-    { 
+    {
         void random_assign_xtensor(benchmark::State& state)
         {
             for (auto _ : state)
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
index 59b60296d..d6e953323 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
@@ -317,4 +317,4 @@ namespace xt
     BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(jumping_access_unchecked, layout_type::row_major);
     BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(jumping_access_unchecked, layout_type::column_major);
     BENCHMARK(jumping_access_simplearray);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
index 20a502109..39b7e1b9a 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
@@ -156,4 +156,4 @@ namespace xt
     BENCHMARK(assign_create_manual_view);
     BENCHMARK(data_offset);
     BENCHMARK(data_offset_view);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
index 237140ba9..0a1c6a1b4 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
@@ -67,4 +67,4 @@ namespace xt
     }
 }
 
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif
diff --git a/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in b/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in
index d753bd155..753108438 100644
--- a/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in
+++ b/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ ExternalProject_Add(benchmark
     BUILD_COMMAND     ""
     INSTALL_COMMAND   ""
     TEST_COMMAND      ""
-)
\ No newline at end of file
+)
diff --git a/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in b/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in
index f6b7b6999..eb8b2d029 100644
--- a/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in
+++ b/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ ExternalProject_Add(googlebenchmark
     BUILD_COMMAND     ""
     INSTALL_COMMAND   ""
     TEST_COMMAND      ""
-)
\ No newline at end of file
+)
diff --git a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
index 9bf7c2f60..db4673715 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
@@ -46,4 +46,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sign(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
index 3ffdf163b..72d5f26b5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
@@ -25,4 +25,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: allclose(E1&&, E2&, double, double)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
index dd620f167..5307024d8 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
@@ -22,4 +22,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: lgamma(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
index 85548081c..50213f619 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
@@ -31,4 +31,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: log1p(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
index 8898ea1e8..7399d424a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
@@ -34,4 +34,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 .. _atanh-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: atanh(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
index 5998dd61a..ea0648dba 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
@@ -28,4 +28,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: rint(E&&)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
index 783715642..838f0006a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
@@ -32,4 +32,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: hypot(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
index 8aa138965..1810a6050 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
@@ -31,4 +31,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: atan2(E1&&, E2&&)
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst b/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
index 780a4d591..cfd4df448 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
@@ -32,4 +32,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xcontainer.hpp``
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xstrided_container
    :project: xtensor
    :members:
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst b/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
index ec56a9bda..b7fa938aa 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
@@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xfixed.hpp``
 
 .. doxygentypedef:: xt::xtensor_fixed
    :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst b/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
index ed45631ba..b1e1cf3fa 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
@@ -12,4 +12,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xgenerator.hpp``
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xgenerator
    :project: xtensor
    :members:
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xio.rst b/docs/source/api/xio.rst
index 179b191b9..465993b79 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xio.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xio.rst
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ overloads for the ``<<`` operator for std::ostreams and xexpressions.
         return 0;
     }
 
-Will print 
+Will print
 
 .. code::
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst b/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
index 294461cef..9059468b5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
@@ -20,4 +20,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xiterable.hpp``
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xcontiguous_iterable
    :project: xtensor
    :members:
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
index 203545a7a..ee9746d92 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
@@ -77,4 +77,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::trim_zeros
   :project: xtensor
-
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
index 36d906f91..71e5f3870 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
@@ -12,4 +12,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xtensor.hpp``
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xtensor_adaptor
    :project: xtensor
    :members:
-
diff --git a/docs/source/bindings.rst b/docs/source/bindings.rst
index 6397f61a3..54a2a09f0 100644
--- a/docs/source/bindings.rst
+++ b/docs/source/bindings.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Designing language bindings with xtensor
 xtensor and its :ref:`related-projects` make it easy to implement a feature once in C++ and expose it
 to the main languages of data science, such as Python, Julia and R with little extra work. Although,
 if that sounds simple in principle, difficulties may appear when it comes to define the API of the
-C++ library. 
+C++ library.
 The following illustrates the different options we have with the case of a single function ``compute``
 that must be callable from all the languages.
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ rvalue references. If we want them back, we need to add the following overloads:
 
     template <class E>
     void compute(xexpression<E>& e);
-    
+
     template <class E>
     void compute(xexpression<E>&& e);
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ the library implementation of that container (xtensor, pytensor in the case of a
     struct xtensor_c
     {
     };
-    
+
     // container selector, must be specialized for each
     // library container selector
     template <class C, class T, std::size_t N>
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ The Python bindings only require that we specialize the ``tensor_container`` str
     struct pytensor_c
     {
     };
-    
+
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
     struct tensor_container<pytensor_c, T, N>
     {
@@ -215,11 +215,11 @@ metafunctions to help us make use of SFINAE:
     {
     };
 
-    template <class T, template <class> class C = is_tensor, 
+    template <class T, template <class> class C = is_tensor,
               std::enable_if_t<C<T>::value, bool> = true>
     void compute(const T& t);
 
-Here when ``C<T>::value`` is true, the ``enable_if_t`` invocation generates the bool type. Otherwise, it does 
+Here when ``C<T>::value`` is true, the ``enable_if_t`` invocation generates the bool type. Otherwise, it does
 not generate anything, leading to an invalid function declaration. The compiler removes this declaration from
 the overload resolution set and no error happens if another “compute” overload is a good match for the call.
 Otherwise, the compiler emits an error.
@@ -284,4 +284,3 @@ and drawbacks of the different options:
 - Full qualified API: simple, accepts only the specified parameter type, but requires a lot of typing for the bindings.
 - Container selection: quite simple, requires less typing than the previous method, but loses type inference on the C++ side and lacks some flexibility.
 - Type restriction with SFINAE: more flexible than the previous option, gets type inference back, but slightly more complex to implement.
-
diff --git a/docs/source/builder.rst b/docs/source/builder.rst
index 6d02e7a30..04b193def 100644
--- a/docs/source/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/builder.rst
@@ -80,4 +80,3 @@ Meshes
   one-dimensional coordinate arrays ``x1``, ``x2``...
   If specified vectors have lengths ``Ni = len(xi)``, meshgrid returns ``(N1, N2, N3,..., Nn)``-shaped arrays, with the elements
   of xi repeated to fill the matrix along the first dimension for x1, the second for x2 and so on.
-
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index a4392983a..7bc287109 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Changelog
 0.24.1
 ------
 
-- Define tbb threshold 
+- Define tbb threshold
   `#2455 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2455`
 - Export link interface to tbb
   `#2456 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2456`
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Changelog
   `#2462 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2462`
 - Workaround for CMake implementations that do not use C and CXX languages
   `#2467 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2467`
-- Fix erroneous less_equal usage in is_sorted calls 
+- Fix erroneous less_equal usage in is_sorted calls
   `#2471 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2471`
 - Adding xt::missing to operator()
   `#2488 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2488`
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Changelog
   `#2361 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2361`
 - Added const chunk iterators
   `#2362 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2362`
-- Fixed chunk assignment 
+- Fixed chunk assignment
   `#2363 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2363`
 
 0.23.5
@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ Changelog
 
 - No need to explicitly install blas anymore with latest xtensor-blas
   `#2343 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2343`
-- FIX for xtensor-stack/xtl/issues/245 
+- FIX for xtensor-stack/xtl/issues/245
   `#2344 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2344`
 - Implement grid view
   `#2346 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2346`
-- Refactoring of xchunked_view 
+- Refactoring of xchunked_view
   `#2353 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2353`
 
 0.23.4
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ Breaking changes
 
 - Remove chunked array extension mechanism
   `#2283 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2283>`_
-- Upgraded to xtl 0.7.0 
+- Upgraded to xtl 0.7.0
   `#2284 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2284>`_
 
 Other changes
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ Other changes
   `#2241 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2241>`_
 - Testing alignment
   `#2246 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2246>`_
-- Add reducers tests 
+- Add reducers tests
   `#2252 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2252>`_
 - Fix binary operators on complex
   `#2253 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2253>`_
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ Other changes
   `#2276 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2276>`_
 - Updated reducer docs according to recent changes
   `#2278 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2278>`_
-- Added template parameter for initial value type in accumulators 
+- Added template parameter for initial value type in accumulators
   `#2279 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2279>`_
 
 0.21.10
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Other changes
   `#2212 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2212>`_
 - ``xnpy.hpp``: fix multiple definition of 'host_endian_char' variable when included in different linked objects
   `#2214 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2214>`_
-- Made global variable const to force internal linkage 
+- Made global variable const to force internal linkage
   `#2216 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2216>`_
 - Use xtl::endianness instead of bundling it
   `#2218 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2218>`_
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ Other changes
 0.21.8
 ------
 
-- Fix undefined behavior while testing shifts 
+- Fix undefined behavior while testing shifts
   `#2175 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2175>`_
 - Fix ``zarray`` initialization from ``zarray``
   `#2180 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2180>`_
@@ -422,13 +422,13 @@ Other changes
   `#2087 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2087>`_
 - Fixed chunk layout
   `#2091 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2091>`_
-- Copy constructor gets expression's chunk_shape if it is chunked 
+- Copy constructor gets expression's chunk_shape if it is chunked
   `#2092 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2092>`_
 - Replaced template parameter chunk_type with chunk_storage
   `#2095 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2095>`_
-- Implemented on-disk chunked array 
+- Implemented on-disk chunked array
   `#2096 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2096>`_
-- Implemented chunk pool in xchunk_store_manager 
+- Implemented chunk pool in xchunk_store_manager
   `#2099 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2099>`_
 - ``xfile_array`` is now an expression
   `#2107 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2107>`_
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Other changes
   `#2118 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2118>`_
 - Abstracted file format through a formal class
   `#2115 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2115>`_
-- Added ``xchunked_array`` extension template 
+- Added ``xchunked_array`` extension template
   `#2122 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2122>`_
 - Refactored ``xdisk_io_handler``
   `#2123 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2123>`_
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ Other changes
 0.20.3
 ------
 
-- Fix xbuffer adaptor 
+- Fix xbuffer adaptor
   `#1523 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1523>`_
 
 0.20.2
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1302 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1302>`_.
 - Implementation of shift operators
   `#1304 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1304>`_.
-- Make functor adaptor stepper work for proxy specializations 
+- Make functor adaptor stepper work for proxy specializations
   `#1305 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1305>`_.
 - Replaced ``auto&`` with ``auto&&`` in ``assign_to``
   `#1306 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1306>`_.
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1311 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1311>`_.
 - Fixed ``xvie_stepper``
   `#1317 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1317>`_.
-- Fixed assignment of view on view 
+- Fixed assignment of view on view
   `#1314 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1314>`_.
 - Documented indices
   `#1318 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1318>`_.
@@ -1255,9 +1255,9 @@ Other changes
   `#1213 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1213>`_.
 - Fix minor typos
   `#1212 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1212>`_.
-- Added missing assign operator in xstrided_view 
+- Added missing assign operator in xstrided_view
   `#1210 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1210>`_.
-- argmax on axis with single element fixed 
+- argmax on axis with single element fixed
   `#1209 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1209>`_.
 
 0.18.2
@@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ Other changes
 
 - Warnings removed
   `#1159 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1159>`_.
-- Added missing include 
+- Added missing include
   `#1162 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1162>`_.
 - Removed unused type alias in ``xmath/average``
   `#1163 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1163>`_.
diff --git a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
index 91dc73242..ad7497da0 100644
--- a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
+++ b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ expression:
         std::cout << shared_weights.use_count() << std::endl; // ==> 3
         return expr;
     }
-    
+
 In that case only three copies of the shared weights exist. Notice that contrary to
 ``make_xshare``, ``share`` also accepts lvalues; this is to avoid the required ``std::move``,
 however ``share`` will turn its argument into an rvalue and will move it into the shared
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diff --git a/docs/source/debian.svg b/docs/source/debian.svg
index 50dcb70c8..20a1f571b 100644
--- a/docs/source/debian.svg
+++ b/docs/source/debian.svg
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/assign_xexpression.svg b/docs/source/developer/assign_xexpression.svg
index 25319cbeb..0617796c0 100644
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+++ b/docs/source/developer/assign_xexpression.svg
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst b/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
index 3ab1d3a3d..2d51d7e3e 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/assignment.rst
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ The three main functions for assigning expressions (``assign_xexpression``, ``co
 tag:
 
 .. code::
-    
+
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ a 1-D sequence on both sides. In that case, two options are possible:
 
 - if *xtensor* is compiled with the optional *xsimd* dependency, and if the layout and the
   ``value_type`` of each expression allows it, the assignment is a vectorized index-based loop
-  operating on the expression buffers. 
+  operating on the expression buffers.
 - if the *xsimd* assignment is not possible (for any reason), an iterator-based loop operating
   on the expresion buffers is used instead.
 
@@ -213,4 +213,3 @@ operation on each value:
         std::transform(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), d.begin(),
                        [e2, &f](const auto& v) { return f(v, e2); });
     }
-
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/computed_assign.svg b/docs/source/developer/computed_assign.svg
index 4a31ff162..518784652 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/computed_assign.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/computed_assign.svg
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst b/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst
index a42ef80f1..b33907e05 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/expression_tree.rst
@@ -191,4 +191,3 @@ The last requirement is to specialize the ``select_xfunction_expression`` metafu
 In this example, ``xmapped_function`` may provide the same API as ``xfunction`` and define some additional methods unrelated to the
 assignment mechanics. However it is possible to define a function class with an API totally different from the one of ``xfunction``.
 In that case, the assignment mechanics need to be customized too, this is detailed in :ref:`xtensor-assign-label`.
-
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/extended_copy_semantic.svg b/docs/source/developer/extended_copy_semantic.svg
index f2cfc6503..25360df81 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/extended_copy_semantic.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/extended_copy_semantic.svg
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst b/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst
index b4dfaac8b..706a50c0c 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/iterating_expression.rst
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ amount in a given dimension, dereferencing the stepper, and moving it to the beg
 .. code::
 
     reference operator*() const;
-    
+
     void step(size_type dim, size_type n = 1);
     void step_back(size_type dim, size_type n = 1);
     void reset(size_type dim);
@@ -234,4 +234,3 @@ from ``{0, 3}`` to ``{1, 0}``: first the stepper is reset to ``{0, 0}``, then ``
 
 ``xiterator`` implements a random access iterator, providing ``operator--`` and ``operator[]`` methods. The implementation of these methods
 is similar to the one of ``operator++``.
-
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/iteration.svg b/docs/source/developer/iteration.svg
index efb1d2973..b0db64d8b 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/iteration.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/iteration.svg
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/stepper_basic.svg b/docs/source/developer/stepper_basic.svg
index a2eec3803..69860f25e 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/stepper_basic.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/stepper_basic.svg
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/stepper_broadcasting.svg b/docs/source/developer/stepper_broadcasting.svg
index f32982f50..5da35695e 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/stepper_broadcasting.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/stepper_broadcasting.svg
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/stepper_iterating.svg b/docs/source/developer/stepper_iterating.svg
index 92a7d8d4c..027d6739f 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/stepper_iterating.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/stepper_iterating.svg
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/stepper_to_end.svg b/docs/source/developer/stepper_to_end.svg
index ce24546a2..588899cf9 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/stepper_to_end.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/stepper_to_end.svg
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/xarray_uml.svg b/docs/source/developer/xarray_uml.svg
index 2cc84c29c..958d142ea 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/xarray_uml.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/xarray_uml.svg
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/xcontainer_classes.svg b/docs/source/developer/xcontainer_classes.svg
index 3d5a55320..ecfa32f63 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/xcontainer_classes.svg
+++ b/docs/source/developer/xcontainer_classes.svg
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diff --git a/docs/source/developer/xfunction_tree.svg b/docs/source/developer/xfunction_tree.svg
index a0b551d8a..791a9cd06 100644
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+++ b/docs/source/developer/xfunction_tree.svg
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diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index ed8714d54..b85fcd02f 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ they are declared as ``protected`` in the base class.
     class raw_tensor_adaptor : public xcontainer<raw_tensor_adaptor<T>>,
                                public xcontainer_semantic<raw_tensor_adaptor<T>>
     {
-    
+
     public:
 
         using self_type = raw_tensor_adaptor<T>;
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ they are declared as ``protected`` in the base class.
             return semantic_base::operator=(e);
         }
     };
-    
+
 The last two methods are extended copy constructor and assign operator. They allow writing things like
 
 .. code::
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ constructor and assign operator.
             return semantic_base::operator=(e);
         }
     };
-    
+
 Implement access operators
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -510,4 +510,3 @@ iterators.
         size_type offset = s.size() - dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
     }
-
diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index 0d9c2f4f5..f37007528 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -247,4 +247,3 @@ Outputs:
      {1, 32, 243},
      {1, 64, 729},
      {1, 128, 2187}}
-
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 51606f39f..f97c6f7db 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ See :any:`numpy indexing <numpy:arrays.indexing>` page.
    | ``a[:, 2]``                             || :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::all(), 2) <xt::view>`                         |
    |                                         || :cpp:func:`xt::col(a, 2) <xt::col>`                                      |
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | ``a[:5, 1:]``                           | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::range(_, 5), xt::range(1, _)) <xt::range>`     | 
+   | ``a[:5, 1:]``                           | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::range(_, 5), xt::range(1, _)) <xt::range>`     |
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ``a[5:1:-1, :]``                        | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::range(5, 1, -1), xt::all()) <xt::all>`         |
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.svg b/docs/source/numpy.svg
index 1ea8979f4..506405cb0 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.svg
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.svg
@@ -8008,4 +8008,4 @@ jSn91aWoXPEcpPJm4GttE6VfOpkv5f5eXG+2DEweahk0oNLcgCaarLaltTqtJmmxxlJxuhV7xlJg
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-	]]></ns1:pgf></svg>
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+	]]></ns1:pgf></svg>
diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index 019b878a3..e986bb40c 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ xarray initialization
     xt::xarray<double> a({1, 3, 4, 2});
 
 does not initialize a 4D-array, but a 1D-array containing the values ``1``, ``3``,
-``4``, and ``2``. 
+``4``, and ``2``.
 It is strictly equivalent to
 
 .. code::
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ is still an lvalue and thus captured by reference.
 Random numbers not consistent
 -----------------------------
 
-Using a random number function from xtensor actually returns a lazy 
+Using a random number function from xtensor actually returns a lazy
 generator. That means, accessing the same element of a random number
 generator does not give the same random number if called twice.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/quantstack-white.svg b/docs/source/quantstack-white.svg
index d527db199..1f03ebb42 100644
--- a/docs/source/quantstack-white.svg
+++ b/docs/source/quantstack-white.svg
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@
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      id="path3"
      inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
-     style="fill:#ffffff" /></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
+     style="fill:#ffffff" /></svg>
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
index 78b2fd3c9..ec23e8e33 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ Reverse iterators are also available:
     std::copy(a.crbegin(), a.crend(), b.begin());
     std::cout << b << std::endl;
     // Outputs {{6., 5., 4.}, {3., 2., 1.}}
- 
+
 Data buffer
 -----------
 
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
index 836356be9..573233074 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/builder.rst
@@ -244,6 +244,3 @@ Returns the elements on the diagonal of the expression
     auto d = xt::diagonal(a);
     std::cout << d << std::endl;
     // Outputs {1, 5, 9}
-
-
-
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
index edac67f9c..fd8abb494 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ Broacasting iteration
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     using shape_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
     shape_type s = {2, 2, 3};
-    
+
     std::copy(a.begin(s), a.end(s), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, ", "));
-    // Prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 
+    // Prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
 
     std::copy(a.begin<layout_type::row_major>(s),
               a.end<layout_type::row_major>(s),
               std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, ", "));
-    // Prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 
+    // Prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
 
     std::copy(a.begin<layout_type::column_major>(s),
               a.end<layout_type>::column_major>(s),
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Iterating over axis 1:
         std::cout << *iter++ << std::endl;
     }
     // Prints:
-    // { 1, 5, 9 } 
+    // { 1, 5, 9 }
     // { 2, 6, 10 }
     // { 3, 7, 11 }
     // { 4, 8, 12 }
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst b/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
index 3ef60176d..e59d4225c 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ rot90
     auto r1 = xt::rot90<-2>(a);
     auto r2 = xt::rot90(a);
     auto r4 = xt::rot90(a, {-2, -1});
-    
+
 split
 -----
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ hsplit
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
     auto res = xt::hsplit(a, 2);
-    
+
 vsplit
 ------
 
@@ -134,4 +134,3 @@ trim_zeros
     auto t0 = xt::trim_zeros(a);
     auto t1 = xt::trim_zeros(a, "b");
     auto t2 = xt::trim_zeros(a, "f");
-
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/math.rst b/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
index 1761f5aae..0b5d5f61a 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/math.rst
@@ -117,4 +117,3 @@ Classification functions
     xt::xarray<double> res2 = xt::isnan(e1);
     xt::xarray<double> res3 = xt::isclose(e1, e2);
     bool res4 = xt::allclose(e1, e2);
-
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst b/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
index 825b2e95d..3690ce088 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/operator.rst
@@ -84,4 +84,3 @@ comparison and return a boolean:
 
     bool res0 = e1 == e2; // true if all elements in e1 equal those in e2
     bool res1 = e1 != e2;
-
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst b/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
index 31e31d240..064bb0261 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/reducer.rst
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Sum
     int r2 = xt::sum(a)();
     std::cout << r2 << std::endl;
     // Outputs 21
-    
+
     auto r3 = xt::sum(a, {1});
     std::cout << r3 << std::endl;
     // Outputs {6, 15}, but r3 is an unevaluated expression
diff --git a/docs/source/rank.rst b/docs/source/rank.rst
index c5934b7e3..8456dc1e4 100644
--- a/docs/source/rank.rst
+++ b/docs/source/rank.rst
@@ -114,4 +114,3 @@ Consider the following example:
 ``xt::get_rank`` 'returns' the rank of the *xtensor* object if its rank is fixed.
 In all other cases it 'returns' ``SIZE_MAX``.
 Indeed ``xt::get_rank<xt::array<double>>::value`` is equal to ``SIZE_MAX``, but equally so is ``xt::get_rank<double>::value``.
-
diff --git a/docs/source/scalar.rst b/docs/source/scalar.rst
index 24bc20d33..deafc7696 100644
--- a/docs/source/scalar.rst
+++ b/docs/source/scalar.rst
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ This is not consistent with the behavior of the copy constructor from a scalar:
     // prints 1.2 (a is a 0-D array)
 
 A way to fix this is to disable copy construction from scalar, and provide a constructor taking a shape and
-a scalar: 
+a scalar:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -129,4 +129,3 @@ This simple example shows that without consistency between scalars and 0-D expre
 of some 0-D computation actually *silently* changes the shape of the expressions that this result is assigned to.
 
 The only way to avoid that behavior and the bugs it leads to is to handle scalars as if they were 0-dimensional expressions.
-
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index 52f82009b..66a3897b4 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 Views
 =====
 
-Views are used to adapt the shape of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` without changing it, nor copying it. Views are 
+Views are used to adapt the shape of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` without changing it, nor copying it. Views are
 convenient tools for assigning parts of an expression: since they do not copy the underlying expression,
 assigning to the view actually assigns to the underlying expression. *xtensor* provides many kinds of views.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-cookiecutter.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-cookiecutter.svg
index 118d91308..961833a5b 100644
--- a/docs/source/xtensor-cookiecutter.svg
+++ b/docs/source/xtensor-cookiecutter.svg
@@ -3767,4 +3767,4 @@
                d="m 179.748,307.774 c -1.662,-0.26 -2.799,-2.016 -2.642,-3.604 l 0,0 c 0.209,-2.117 2.693,-3.665 4.506,-2.954 l 0,0 c 1.237,0.484 1.928,1.928 1.858,3.195 l 0,0 c -0.092,1.695 -1.566,3.395 -3.308,3.395 l 0,0 c -0.136,0 -0.275,-0.01 -0.414,-0.032"
                style="fill:url(#radialGradient3560);stroke:none"
                id="path3570"
-               inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /></g></g></g></g></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
+               inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /></g></g></g></g></g></svg>
diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-io.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-io.svg
index 61bf6e9f5..0d19c773f 100644
--- a/docs/source/xtensor-io.svg
+++ b/docs/source/xtensor-io.svg
@@ -69,4 +69,4 @@
          id="path11" /><path
          class="st2"
          d="M27.4,25.2c-0.6,0.9-1.4,2.1-2.3,3.3c3.7,5.5,8.8,13.3,9.3,13.9c1.3,2.2,3.1,4.1,5.2,5.5c0,0.1,2.3,1.4,5,2.3    c0.2,0,0.4,0.1,0.5,0.1h5.2V48c-1.9-0.2-3.5-0.4-4.3-0.8c-2.2-0.6-3.8-1.7-3.8-1.7c-1.6-1-2.8-2.3-3.8-3.7    c-0.4-0.8-7.1-10.7-10.9-16.4l0,0C27.5,25.4,27.5,25.3,27.4,25.2 M5.2,0H0v2.4c1.9,0.2,3.5,0.4,4.3,0.8c2.2,0.6,3.8,1.7,3.8,1.7    c1.6,1,2.8,2.3,3.8,3.7C12.3,9.3,19,19.2,22.8,25l0,0c0,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.2c0.6-0.9,1.4-2.1,2.3-3.3c-3.7-5.5-8.8-13.3-9.3-13.9    c-1.3-2.2-3.1-4.1-5.2-5.5c0-0.1-2.3-1.4-5-2.3C5.6,0.1,5.4,0,5.2,0"
-         id="path13" /></g></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
+         id="path13" /></g></g></svg>
diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-ros.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-ros.svg
index cf86857ba..4dc3b0822 100644
--- a/docs/source/xtensor-ros.svg
+++ b/docs/source/xtensor-ros.svg
@@ -73,4 +73,4 @@
          id="path11" /><path
          class="st2"
          d="M27.4,25.2c-0.6,0.9-1.4,2.1-2.3,3.3c3.7,5.5,8.8,13.3,9.3,13.9c1.3,2.2,3.1,4.1,5.2,5.5c0,0.1,2.3,1.4,5,2.3    c0.2,0,0.4,0.1,0.5,0.1h5.2V48c-1.9-0.2-3.5-0.4-4.3-0.8c-2.2-0.6-3.8-1.7-3.8-1.7c-1.6-1-2.8-2.3-3.8-3.7    c-0.4-0.8-7.1-10.7-10.9-16.4l0,0C27.5,25.4,27.5,25.3,27.4,25.2 M5.2,0H0v2.4c1.9,0.2,3.5,0.4,4.3,0.8c2.2,0.6,3.8,1.7,3.8,1.7    c1.6,1,2.8,2.3,3.8,3.7C12.3,9.3,19,19.2,22.8,25l0,0c0,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.2c0.6-0.9,1.4-2.1,2.3-3.3c-3.7-5.5-8.8-13.3-9.3-13.9    c-1.3-2.2-3.1-4.1-5.2-5.5c0-0.1-2.3-1.4-5-2.3C5.6,0.1,5.4,0,5.2,0"
-         id="path13" /></g></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
+         id="path13" /></g></g></svg>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
index 090922785..67112cb61 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -346,4 +346,3 @@ namespace xt
 }
 
 #endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index e32258fa3..43ae51e77 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ namespace xt
     /***************************
      * xtensor_adaptor builder *
      ***************************/
-    
+
     /**
      * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified layout_type.
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ namespace xt
                            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
                            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides));
     }
-    
+
     /**
      * Contructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
      * specified shape and layout.
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Constructs:
      * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
      * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
-     * 
+     *
      * of the given dynamically allocated C array, with the specified shape and layout.
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index d28be29d9..950138bb9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         static constexpr bool simd_size_impl() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd()); }
         static constexpr bool simd_size() { return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>(); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() && 
+        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() &&
                                                         has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
 
     public:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
index 91661ff93..403f672cd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace xt
 {
 
 template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-class xblockwise_reducer 
+class xblockwise_reducer
 {
 public:
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::xblockwise_reducer(E && e, BS && block_shape,
 }
 
 template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::input_shape()const -> const input_shape_type & 
+inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::input_shape()const -> const input_shape_type &
 {
     return m_e.shape();
 }
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ inline std::size_t xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::dimension() const
 }
 
 template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::shape() const -> const shape_type & 
+inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::shape() const -> const shape_type &
 {
     return m_result_shape;
 }
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chun
         }
     }
     return input_chunk_range_type{
-        multiindex_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end), 
+        multiindex_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end),
         multiindex_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)
     };
 }
@@ -268,12 +268,12 @@ inline auto blockwise_reducer(E && e, CS && chunk_shape, A && axes, O && raw_opt
     using axes_type = std::decay_t<A>;
 
     return xblockwise_reducer<
-        closure_type, 
+        closure_type,
         functor_type,
-        axes_type, 
+        axes_type,
         O
     >(
-        std::forward<E>(e), 
+        std::forward<E>(e),
         std::forward<CS>(chunk_shape),
         std::forward<A>(axes),
         std::forward<O>(raw_options),
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ inline auto blockwise_reducer(E && e, CS && chunk_shape, A && axes, O && raw_opt
 }
 
 namespace blockwise
-{   
+{
 
     #define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)\
         template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ namespace blockwise
                 std::move(ax),\
                 std::forward<O>(options),\
                 functor_type());\
-        } 
+        }
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(sum, xt::detail::blockwise::sum_functor)
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(prod, xt::detail::blockwise::prod_functor)
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(amin, xt::detail::blockwise::amin_functor)
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ namespace blockwise
                 std::move(ax),\
                 std::forward<O>(options),\
                 functor_type());\
-        } 
+        }
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l0, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l0_functor)
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l1, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l1_functor)
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l2, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l2_functor)
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ namespace blockwise
                 std::move(ax),\
                 std::forward<O>(options),\
                 functor_type(p));\
-        } 
+        }
 
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp_to_p, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_to_p_functor);
     XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_functor);
@@ -501,4 +501,4 @@ namespace blockwise
 
 }
 
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
index 4a018e86b..8f9c1c9b3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace detail
 {
 namespace blockwise
 {
-  
+
     struct empty_reduction_variable
     {
     };
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
     struct sum_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::sum<T_I>(
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
     struct prod_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::sum<T_I>(
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
     struct amin_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::amin<T_I>(
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
     struct amax_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::amax<T_I>(
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
     struct mean_functor
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::mean<T_I>(
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
     struct variance_functor
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::variance<T_I>(
@@ -276,11 +276,11 @@ namespace blockwise
                 n_a += n_b;
             }
             else
-            {   
+            {
                 auto new_mean = (n_a * mean_a + n_b * mean_b) / (n_a + n_b);
                 auto new_variance = (n_a * variance_a +
-                                     n_b * variance_b + 
-                                     n_a * xt::pow(mean_a-new_mean, 2) + 
+                                     n_b * variance_b +
+                                     n_a * xt::pow(mean_a-new_mean, 2) +
                                      n_b * xt::pow(mean_b-new_mean, 2)) / (n_a + n_b);
                 xt::noalias(variance_a) = new_variance;
                 xt::noalias(mean_a) = new_mean;
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E>
     struct norm_l0_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::norm_l0(
@@ -337,12 +337,12 @@ namespace blockwise
             }
         }
     };
-    
+
 
 
     template<class T_E>
     struct norm_l1_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::norm_l1(
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E>
     struct norm_l2_functor
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::norm_l2(
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E>
     struct norm_sq_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::norm_sq(
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E>
     struct norm_linf_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {   
+    {
 
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::norm_linf(
@@ -481,14 +481,14 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E>
     class norm_lp_to_p_functor
-    {   
+    {
     public:
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
             xt::norm_lp_to_p(
                 std::declval<xarray<T_E>>(), 1.0
             )
         )>::value_type;
-        
+
         norm_lp_to_p_functor(double p)
         : m_p(p)
         {
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ namespace blockwise
 
     template<class T_E>
     class norm_lp_functor
-    {   
+    {
     public:
         norm_lp_functor(double p)
         : m_p(p)
@@ -584,4 +584,4 @@ namespace blockwise
 }
 }
 
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
index d73c0fe9f..a56a7b059 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace xt
     /*********************************
      * xchunked_semantic declaration *
      *********************************/
-    
+
     template <class D>
     class xchunked_semantic : public xsemantic_base<D>
     {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct xchunk_iterator_view
         {
             using reference = decltype(xt::strided_view(std::declval<V>().expression(), std::declval<xstrided_slice_vector>()));
-            
+
             inline auto get_chunk(V& view, typename V::size_type, const xstrided_slice_vector& sv) const
             {
                 return xt::strided_view(view.expression(), sv);
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
         xchunk_iterator(E& chunked_expression,
                         shape_type&& chunk_index,
                         size_type chunk_linear_index);
-        
+
         self_type& operator++();
         self_type operator++(int);
         decltype(auto) operator*() const;
@@ -336,13 +336,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::get_slice_vector() const -> const slice_vector& 
+    inline auto xchunk_iterator<E>::get_slice_vector() const -> const slice_vector&
     {
         return m_slice_vector;
     }
-    
+
     template <class E>
-    auto xchunk_iterator<E>::chunk_index() const -> const shape_type& 
+    auto xchunk_iterator<E>::chunk_index() const -> const shape_type&
     {
         return m_chunk_index;
     }
@@ -372,4 +372,3 @@ namespace xt
 }
 
 #endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
index 57c557c7c..d6dd4e44d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 return std::complex<T>(real, 0);
             }
-            
+
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
             template <class T, class A>
             xsimd::complex_batch_type_t< xsimd::batch<T, A>> conj_impl(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& z)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
index ceb8d6b3f..196a252cc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * @brief Load tensor from CSV.
-     * 
+     *
      * Returns an \ref xexpression for the parsed CSV
      * @param stream the input stream containing the CSV encoded values
      * @param delimiter the character used to separate values. [default: ',']
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::string row, cell;
             while (std::getline(stream, row))
             {
-                if (nhead < skip_rows) 
+                if (nhead < skip_rows)
                 {
                     ++nhead;
                     continue;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * @brief Dump tensor to CSV.
-     * 
+     *
      * @param stream the output stream to write the CSV encoded values
      * @param e the tensor expression to serialize
      */
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 84498c199..47c572fd3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Force evaluation of xexpression not providing a data interface
      * and convert to the required layout.
-     * 
+     *
      * @warning This function should be used in a local context only.
      * Returning the value returned by this function could lead to a dangling reference.
-     * 
+     *
      * @return The expression when it already provides a data interface with the correct layout,
      * an evaluated xarray or xtensor depending on shape type otherwise.
      *
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
index db207589c..ccc5dcfab 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::forward<B>(roi_begin),
             std::forward<E>(roi_end),
             std::move(current),
-            linear_index 
+            linear_index
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index b61cb6226..f1118db8f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -730,4 +730,3 @@ namespace xt
 }  // namespace xt
 
 #endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
index 89fb87f4a..db75f2c0c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
@@ -80,4 +80,3 @@ namespace xt
 }
 
 #endif
-
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
index acee08c52..0afa047f6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ namespace xt
             using result_type = T;
             using simd_value_type = bool;
             using simd_result_type = bool;
-            
+
             template <class... Args>
             constexpr result_type operator()(const Args&... args) const
             {
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ namespace xt
             using expression_tag = xoptional_expression_tag;
             using value_functor = F;
             using flag_functor = xt::detail::optional_bitwise<bool>;
-        
+
             using value_expression = xfunction<value_functor, xt::detail::value_expression_t<CT>...>;
             using flag_expression = xfunction<flag_functor, xt::detail::flag_expression_t<CT>...>;
             using const_value_expression = value_expression;
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             const_value_expression value() const;
             const_flag_expression has_value() const;
-            
+
         private:
 
             template <std::size_t... I>
@@ -1010,19 +1010,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        inline auto xdynamic_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::value() const -> const_value_expression 
+        inline auto xdynamic_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::value() const -> const_value_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().build_view(this->derived_cast().expression().value());
         }
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        inline auto xdynamic_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() -> flag_expression 
+        inline auto xdynamic_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() -> flag_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().build_view(this->derived_cast().expression().has_value());
         }
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        inline auto xdynamic_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() const -> const_flag_expression 
+        inline auto xdynamic_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() const -> const_flag_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().build_view(this->derived_cast().expression().has_value());
         }
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto xreducer_optional<F, CT, X, O>::value() const -> const_value_expression
         {
             auto func = this->derived_cast().functors();
-            auto opts = this->derived_cast().options().template rebind<rebound_result_type>(this->derived_cast().options().initial_value.value(), 
+            auto opts = this->derived_cast().options().template rebind<rebound_result_type>(this->derived_cast().options().initial_value.value(),
                                                                                             this->derived_cast().options());
 
             return this->derived_cast().build_reducer(this->derived_cast().expression().value(),
@@ -1152,19 +1152,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        inline auto xstrided_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::value() const -> const_value_expression 
+        inline auto xstrided_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::value() const -> const_value_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().build_view(this->derived_cast().expression().value());
         }
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        inline auto xstrided_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() -> flag_expression 
+        inline auto xstrided_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() -> flag_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().build_view(this->derived_cast().expression().has_value());
         }
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        inline auto xstrided_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() const -> const_flag_expression 
+        inline auto xstrided_view_optional<CT, S, L, FST>::has_value() const -> const_flag_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().build_view(this->derived_cast().expression().has_value());
         }
@@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xoptional_expression_tag>::assign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
     {
         detail::assign_data_impl<typename E1::expression_tag, typename E2::expression_tag>::run(e1, e2, trivial);
-    } 
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 12ece9951..15704b0d5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ namespace xt
                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto geometric(const S& shape, D prob = 0.5, 
+        auto geometric(const S& shape, D prob = 0.5,
                        E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto negative_binomial(const S& shape, T k = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                               E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()); 
+                               E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto poisson(const S& shape, D rate = 1.0,
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@ namespace xt
                    E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto weibull(const S& shape, T a = 1.0, T b = 1.0, 
+        auto weibull(const S& shape, T a = 1.0, T b = 1.0,
                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto extreme_value(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0, 
+        auto extreme_value(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
                            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace xt
                          E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto cauchy(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0, 
+        auto cauchy(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
                            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
@@ -125,19 +125,19 @@ namespace xt
                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto geometric(const I (&shape)[L], D prob=0.5, 
+        auto geometric(const I (&shape)[L], D prob=0.5,
                        E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto negative_binomial(const I (&shape)[L], T k = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                               E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()); 
-        
+                               E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto poisson(const I (&shape)[L], D rate = 1.0, 
+        auto poisson(const I (&shape)[L], D rate = 1.0,
                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto exponential(const I (&shape)[L], T rate = 1.0, 
+        auto exponential(const I (&shape)[L], T rate = 1.0,
                          E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
@@ -356,9 +356,9 @@ namespace xt
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
          * a negative binomial random number distribution (also known as Pascal distribution)
-         * that returns the number of successes before @p k trials with probability of success 
+         * that returns the number of successes before @p k trials with probability of success
          * equal to @p prob for each of the Bernoulli trials.
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::negative_binomial_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -371,13 +371,13 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto negative_binomial(const S& shape, T k, D prob, E& engine)
         {
             std::negative_binomial_distribution<T> dist(k, prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
         }
 
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
          * a Poisson random number distribution with rate @p rate
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::poisson_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -389,13 +389,13 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto poisson(const S& shape, D rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::poisson_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
         }
 
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
          * a exponential random number distribution with rate @p rate
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::exponential_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -407,13 +407,13 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto exponential(const S& shape, T rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::exponential_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
         }
 
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
          * a gamma random number distribution with shape @p alpha and scale @p beta
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::gamma_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ namespace xt
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
          * a Weibull random number distribution with shape @p a and scale @p b
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::weibull_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ namespace xt
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
          * a extreme value random number distribution with shape @p a and scale @p b
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::extreme_value_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ namespace xt
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
          * a Cauchy random number distribution with peak @p a and scale @p b
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::cauchy_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -526,9 +526,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
-         * a Fisher-f random number distribution with numerator degrees of 
+         * a Fisher-f random number distribution with numerator degrees of
          * freedom equal to @p m and denominator degrees of freedom equal to @p n
-         * 
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::fisher_f_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -546,9 +546,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         /**
          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
-         * a Student-t random number distribution with degrees of 
-         * freedom equal to @p n 
-         * 
+         * a Student-t random number distribution with degrees of
+         * freedom equal to @p n
+         *
          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::student_t_distribution.
          *
          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
@@ -609,14 +609,14 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto poisson(const I (&shape)[L], D rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::poisson_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto exponential(const I (&shape)[L], T rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::exponential_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);   
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index f830d4798..7a4524c07 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             m_e = ptr;
         }
-        
+
         template <class CT, layout_type L>
         inline auto flat_expression_adaptor<CT, L>::size() const -> size_type
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 3ddbeffb6..1195c6da6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
     #endif
 #else
     #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-        
+
         #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
             xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>
     #else
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
index 0852d5e2a..3b8e99e92 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
@@ -207,4 +207,4 @@ namespace xt
         // py_x1 = (a0 * a0 + 3)[0, :, :]
         EXPECT_EQ(py_x1, view(a, 0, all(), all()));
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
index 024e57cd0..fbd8ab5fb 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
@@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, partition)
     {
         // py_a
-        
+
         // py_p5 = np.partition(a, 5)
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, 0)
         // py_p13 = np.partition(a, 13)
         // py_p19 = np.partition(a, 19)
-        
+
         // py_a5 = np.argpartition(a, 5)
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, 0)
         // py_a13 = np.argpartition(a, 13)
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, multi_partition)
     {
         // py_a
-        
+
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, (4, 5, 6))
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, (2, 7, 12))
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a
         // py_m = np.median(a)
-        
+
         // py_m0 = np.median(a, 0)
         // py_m1 = np.median(a, 1)
         // py_m2 = np.median(a, 2)
diff --git a/test/files/generate.py b/test/files/generate.py
index 6b1405975..f44cca8fd 100644
--- a/test/files/generate.py
+++ b/test/files/generate.py
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@
 		include_file += "static std::string {} = R\"xio({})xio\";\n\n\n".format(n[:-4], ctn)
 
 with open("xio_expected_results.hpp", "w+") as fo:
-	fo.write(include_file)
\ No newline at end of file
+	fo.write(include_file)
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results.hpp b/test/files/xio_expected_results.hpp
index 63859bf42..4ee25c35c 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results.hpp
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results.hpp
@@ -33,45 +33,45 @@ static std::string big_exp = R"xio({{ 4.259106e+000, -1.430581e+000,  3.817697e+
  {-1.194856e+000, -8.325470e+000,  4.246604e+000, -1.442730e+000}})xio";
 
 
-static std::string complex_numbers = R"xio({{ 4.259106-4.705763i, -1.430581+0.520437i,  3.817697-2.597525i, 
-   4.383006+3.84805i , -0.177621-0.397616i,  5.600555-3.068297i, 
-  -1.781513-2.063075i,  1.593886+3.179275i, -7.200985+0.594874i, 
+static std::string complex_numbers = R"xio({{ 4.259106-4.705763i, -1.430581+0.520437i,  3.817697-2.597525i,
+   4.383006+3.84805i , -0.177621-0.397616i,  5.600555-3.068297i,
+  -1.781513-2.063075i,  1.593886+3.179275i, -7.200985+0.594874i,
   -1.979649+1.779254i},
- { 2.54634 +3.091267i, -3.516982+3.685722i, -5.104814-0.820075i, 
-   3.895104-4.410618i,  1.878048-0.21541i ,  2.63584 +0.211594i, 
-  -1.194856+0.80632i , -8.32547 -1.90801i ,  4.246604+4.198826i, 
+ { 2.54634 +3.091267i, -3.516982+3.685722i, -5.104814-0.820075i,
+   3.895104-4.410618i,  1.878048-0.21541i ,  2.63584 +0.211594i,
+  -1.194856+0.80632i , -8.32547 -1.90801i ,  4.246604+4.198826i,
   -1.44273 +1.553475i},
- {-4.04439 -1.507586i, -0.158305+0.41094i ,  4.805928-0.509466i, 
-  -2.845422-2.17679i , -1.655801-2.041235i,  3.094426+0.63481i , 
-  -2.523971+2.151913i, -5.309743+0.176187i,  9.759906-1.479582i, 
+ {-4.04439 -1.507586i, -0.158305+0.41094i ,  4.805928-0.509466i,
+  -2.845422-2.17679i , -1.655801-2.041235i,  3.094426+0.63481i ,
+  -2.523971+2.151913i, -5.309743+0.176187i,  9.759906-1.479582i,
    5.319919+1.327789i},
- { 5.540089+3.73119i , -9.440361-3.321116i, -6.52187 +4.874783i, 
-  -6.918355-1.505851i, -8.45827 +3.262051i,  7.797314-4.345385i, 
-   5.007574-4.946467i,  3.868065+3.869446i,  0.235268+4.113181i, 
+ { 5.540089+3.73119i , -9.440361-3.321116i, -6.52187 +4.874783i,
+  -6.918355-1.505851i, -8.45827 +3.262051i,  7.797314-4.345385i,
+   5.007574-4.946467i,  3.868065+3.869446i,  0.235268+4.113181i,
   -0.714639-3.005922i},
- { 1.368614-4.724486i, -3.949011+3.173349i, -0.053824-2.581724i, 
-   3.665258-4.43917i ,  8.333974-4.324392i, -7.821421-0.261281i, 
-  -0.090164+0.094293i, -5.343281-0.832049i, -1.262787-2.441571i, 
+ { 1.368614-4.724486i, -3.949011+3.173349i, -0.053824-2.581724i,
+   3.665258-4.43917i ,  8.333974-4.324392i, -7.821421-0.261281i,
+  -0.090164+0.094293i, -5.343281-0.832049i, -1.262787-2.441571i,
    5.03086 -1.184879i},
- {-0.382158+3.073844i,  5.954568+3.110391i, -4.345941+1.861869i, 
-  -1.331635+4.926136i, -9.804853-0.948148i, -3.18408 -3.098263i, 
-   3.78544 -0.118255i,  7.387386+0.023696i, -4.643924-0.966452i, 
+ {-0.382158+3.073844i,  5.954568+3.110391i, -4.345941+1.861869i,
+  -1.331635+4.926136i, -9.804853-0.948148i, -3.18408 -3.098263i,
+   3.78544 -0.118255i,  7.387386+0.023696i, -4.643924-0.966452i,
   -0.865042-3.189046i},
- {-4.634374-4.519702i,  6.741056+1.046913i, -4.589707-2.340888i, 
-   0.60124 +3.81347i , -6.492547+0.840461i, -3.700671-0.225395i, 
-   7.822182-3.28485i , -6.393274-4.4338i  , -0.113676-3.429648i, 
+ {-4.634374-4.519702i,  6.741056+1.046913i, -4.589707-2.340888i,
+   0.60124 +3.81347i , -6.492547+0.840461i, -3.700671-0.225395i,
+   7.822182-3.28485i , -6.393274-4.4338i  , -0.113676-3.429648i,
   -5.754038-1.613825i},
- { 0.417537-0.59357i , -6.798001+1.838431i,  8.381136-2.941283i, 
-   9.885798+1.164337i, -0.459049+4.244716i, -3.80233 -4.203717i, 
-   0.144086-0.146032i, -4.384136+1.985636i,  5.276734-4.184315i, 
+ { 0.417537-0.59357i , -6.798001+1.838431i,  8.381136-2.941283i,
+   9.885798+1.164337i, -0.459049+4.244716i, -3.80233 -4.203717i,
+   0.144086-0.146032i, -4.384136+1.985636i,  5.276734-4.184315i,
   -7.829154+3.691024i},
- { 0.233094-0.668943i,  8.195388-0.056699i, -5.63248 -0.042595i, 
-  -2.737919-1.292779i,  7.099456+4.221287i,  4.227836+3.412782i, 
-  -2.141112+1.555259i, -5.37397 -0.37315i , -2.396506+0.650113i, 
+ { 0.233094-0.668943i,  8.195388-0.056699i, -5.63248 -0.042595i,
+  -2.737919-1.292779i,  7.099456+4.221287i,  4.227836+3.412782i,
+  -2.141112+1.555259i, -5.37397 -0.37315i , -2.396506+0.650113i,
    0.983242-0.760845i},
- { 1.134381-2.117881i, -9.917307-2.360193i,  2.76045 +1.907382i, 
-  -8.84704 +3.328365i, -9.139462+0.923916i,  7.501023-0.334774i, 
-  -4.148248+1.7366i  ,  5.255353-1.085206i, -2.642695+2.021044i, 
+ { 1.134381-2.117881i, -9.917307-2.360193i,  2.76045 +1.907382i,
+  -8.84704 +3.328365i, -9.139462+0.923916i,  7.501023-0.334774i,
+  -4.148248+1.7366i  ,  5.255353-1.085206i, -2.642695+2.021044i,
    7.470045+4.656976i}})xio";
 
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static std::string cut_long = R"xio({{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
 static std::string cut_both = R"xio({{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
- ..., 
+ ...,
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}})xio";
@@ -94,259 +94,259 @@ static std::string cut_both = R"xio({{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
 static std::string cut_4d = R"xio({{{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
- ..., 
+ ...,
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}}})xio";
@@ -356,159 +356,159 @@ static std::string random_strings = R"xio({{          some,         random,
  {       strings,             in, xtensor xarray}})xio";
 
 
-static std::string float_leading_zero = R"xio({{ 0.212955, -0.071529,  0.190885,  0.21915 , -0.008881,  0.280028, 
+static std::string float_leading_zero = R"xio({{ 0.212955, -0.071529,  0.190885,  0.21915 , -0.008881,  0.280028,
   -0.089076,  0.079694, -0.360049, -0.098982},
- { 0.127317, -0.175849, -0.255241,  0.194755,  0.093902,  0.131792, 
+ { 0.127317, -0.175849, -0.255241,  0.194755,  0.093902,  0.131792,
   -0.059743, -0.416274,  0.21233 , -0.072137},
- {-0.20222 , -0.007915,  0.240296, -0.142271, -0.08279 ,  0.154721, 
+ {-0.20222 , -0.007915,  0.240296, -0.142271, -0.08279 ,  0.154721,
   -0.126199, -0.265487,  0.487995,  0.265996},
- { 0.277004, -0.472018, -0.326093, -0.345918, -0.422914,  0.389866, 
+ { 0.277004, -0.472018, -0.326093, -0.345918, -0.422914,  0.389866,
    0.250379,  0.193403,  0.011763, -0.035732},
- { 0.068431, -0.197451, -0.002691,  0.183263,  0.416699, -0.391071, 
+ { 0.068431, -0.197451, -0.002691,  0.183263,  0.416699, -0.391071,
   -0.004508, -0.267164, -0.063139,  0.251543},
- {-0.019108,  0.297728, -0.217297, -0.066582, -0.490243, -0.159204, 
+ {-0.019108,  0.297728, -0.217297, -0.066582, -0.490243, -0.159204,
    0.189272,  0.369369, -0.232196, -0.043252},
- {-0.231719,  0.337053, -0.229485,  0.030062, -0.324627, -0.185034, 
+ {-0.231719,  0.337053, -0.229485,  0.030062, -0.324627, -0.185034,
    0.391109, -0.319664, -0.005684, -0.287702},
- { 0.020877, -0.3399  ,  0.419057,  0.49429 , -0.022952, -0.190116, 
+ { 0.020877, -0.3399  ,  0.419057,  0.49429 , -0.022952, -0.190116,
    0.007204, -0.219207,  0.263837, -0.391458},
- { 0.011655,  0.409769, -0.281624, -0.136896,  0.354973,  0.211392, 
+ { 0.011655,  0.409769, -0.281624, -0.136896,  0.354973,  0.211392,
   -0.107056, -0.268699, -0.119825,  0.049162},
- { 0.056719, -0.495865,  0.138023, -0.442352, -0.456973,  0.375051, 
+ { 0.056719, -0.495865,  0.138023, -0.442352, -0.456973,  0.375051,
   -0.207412,  0.262768, -0.132135,  0.373502}})xio";
 
 
 static std::string cut_high = R"xio({{1},
  {1},
  {1},
- ..., 
+ ...,
  {1},
  {1},
  {1}})xio";
 
 
-static std::string random_nan_inf = R"xio({{ 4.259106, -1.430581,  3.817697,  4.383006, -0.177621,  5.600555, 
-  -1.781513,  1.593886, -7.200985, -1.979649,  2.54634 , -3.516982, 
-  -5.104814,  3.895104,  1.878048,  2.63584 , -1.194856, -8.32547 , 
+static std::string random_nan_inf = R"xio({{ 4.259106, -1.430581,  3.817697,  4.383006, -0.177621,  5.600555,
+  -1.781513,  1.593886, -7.200985, -1.979649,  2.54634 , -3.516982,
+  -5.104814,  3.895104,  1.878048,  2.63584 , -1.194856, -8.32547 ,
    4.246604, -1.44273 },
- {-4.04439 , -1.      ,  1.      , -2.845422, -1.655801,  3.094426, 
-  -2.523971, -5.309743,  9.759906,  5.319919,  5.540089, -9.440361, 
-  -6.52187 , -6.918355, -8.45827 ,  7.797314,  5.007574,  3.868065, 
+ {-4.04439 , -1.      ,  1.      , -2.845422, -1.655801,  3.094426,
+  -2.523971, -5.309743,  9.759906,  5.319919,  5.540089, -9.440361,
+  -6.52187 , -6.918355, -8.45827 ,  7.797314,  5.007574,  3.868065,
    0.235268, -0.714639},
- { 1.368614, -3.949011,       inf,      -inf,  8.333974, -7.821421, 
-  -0.090164, -5.343281, -1.262787,  5.03086 , -0.382158,  5.954568, 
-  -4.345941, -1.331635, -9.804853, -3.18408 ,  3.78544 ,  7.387386, 
+ { 1.368614, -3.949011,       inf,      -inf,  8.333974, -7.821421,
+  -0.090164, -5.343281, -1.262787,  5.03086 , -0.382158,  5.954568,
+  -4.345941, -1.331635, -9.804853, -3.18408 ,  3.78544 ,  7.387386,
   -4.643924, -0.865042},
- {-4.634374,  6.741056, -4.589707,  0.60124 , -6.492547, -3.700671, 
-   7.822182, -6.393274, -0.113676, -5.754038,  0.417537, -6.798001, 
-   8.381136,  9.885798, -0.459049, -3.80233 ,  0.144086, -4.384136, 
+ {-4.634374,  6.741056, -4.589707,  0.60124 , -6.492547, -3.700671,
+   7.822182, -6.393274, -0.113676, -5.754038,  0.417537, -6.798001,
+   8.381136,  9.885798, -0.459049, -3.80233 ,  0.144086, -4.384136,
    5.276734, -7.829154},
- { 0.233094,  8.195388, -5.63248 , -2.737919,       nan,  4.227836, 
-  -2.141112, -5.37397 , -2.396506,  0.983242,  1.134381, -9.917307, 
-   2.76045 , -8.84704 , -9.139462,  7.501023, -4.148248,  5.255353, 
+ { 0.233094,  8.195388, -5.63248 , -2.737919,       nan,  4.227836,
+  -2.141112, -5.37397 , -2.396506,  0.983242,  1.134381, -9.917307,
+   2.76045 , -8.84704 , -9.139462,  7.501023, -4.148248,  5.255353,
   -2.642695,  7.470045},
- {-9.411525,  1.040874, -5.19505 ,  7.6961  , -0.795232, -6.136593, 
-  -4.12615 ,  6.35855 ,  1.189747,  3.558509,  6.182534,  7.371443, 
-  -1.640151, -8.821237, -0.43082 ,  0.423189,  1.61264 , -3.81602 , 
+ {-9.411525,  1.040874, -5.19505 ,  7.6961  , -0.795232, -6.136593,
+  -4.12615 ,  6.35855 ,  1.189747,  3.558509,  6.182534,  7.371443,
+  -1.640151, -8.821237, -0.43082 ,  0.423189,  1.61264 , -3.81602 ,
    8.397652,  3.10695 },
- {-3.015172,  0.821881, -1.018932, -4.353581, -4.08247 ,  1.26962 , 
-   4.303826,  0.352374, -2.959163,  2.655577,  7.462381, -6.642231, 
-   9.749566, -3.011701,  6.524103, -8.690769, -9.892934,  7.738893, 
+ {-3.015172,  0.821881, -1.018932, -4.353581, -4.08247 ,  1.26962 ,
+   4.303826,  0.352374, -2.959163,  2.655577,  7.462381, -6.642231,
+   9.749566, -3.011701,  6.524103, -8.690769, -9.892934,  7.738893,
    8.226363, -6.011844},
- {-9.448972,  6.346698, -5.163448, -8.87834 , -8.648783, -0.522563, 
-   0.188585, -1.664097, -4.883141, -2.369758,  6.147689,  6.220783, 
-   3.723737,  9.852273, -1.896296, -6.196526, -0.23651 ,  0.047393, 
+ {-9.448972,  6.346698, -5.163448, -8.87834 , -8.648783, -0.522563,
+   0.188585, -1.664097, -4.883141, -2.369758,  6.147689,  6.220783,
+   3.723737,  9.852273, -1.896296, -6.196526, -0.23651 ,  0.047393,
   -1.932904, -6.378091},
- {-9.039404,  2.093827, -4.681776,  7.62694 ,  1.680922, -0.45079 , 
-  -6.5697  , -8.8676  , -6.859295, -3.22765 , -1.187141,  3.676862, 
-  -5.882566,  2.328674,  8.489432, -8.407435, -0.292063,  3.971273, 
+ {-9.039404,  2.093827, -4.681776,  7.62694 ,  1.680922, -0.45079 ,
+  -6.5697  , -8.8676  , -6.859295, -3.22765 , -1.187141,  3.676862,
+  -5.882566,  2.328674,  8.489432, -8.407435, -0.292063,  3.971273,
   -8.36863 ,  7.382047},
- {-1.337886, -0.113399, -0.085191, -2.585558,  8.442573,  6.825565, 
-   3.110518, -0.746299,  1.300226, -1.52169 , -4.235761, -4.720386, 
-   3.814765,  6.656731,  1.847831, -0.669548,  3.4732  , -2.170413, 
+ {-1.337886, -0.113399, -0.085191, -2.585558,  8.442573,  6.825565,
+   3.110518, -0.746299,  1.300226, -1.52169 , -4.235761, -4.720386,
+   3.814765,  6.656731,  1.847831, -0.669548,  3.4732  , -2.170413,
    4.042087,  9.313953},
- {-8.189802, -8.837497,  1.760348,  5.023475,  0.226348,  8.410024, 
-  -3.920718, -0.139945,  9.587207, -3.529835, -6.208657, -3.895418, 
-  -3.117761,  3.590606, -8.9237  ,  6.132075,  2.059004,  3.104264, 
+ {-8.189802, -8.837497,  1.760348,  5.023475,  0.226348,  8.410024,
+  -3.920718, -0.139945,  9.587207, -3.529835, -6.208657, -3.895418,
+  -3.117761,  3.590606, -8.9237  ,  6.132075,  2.059004,  3.104264,
    4.953196,  0.712524},
- {-7.81687 , -0.076074, -6.553148,  3.679784,  0.596504,  2.504485, 
-  -3.69714 , -0.169787,  6.402841, -7.347591, -7.57381 , -1.075701, 
-  -9.181317, -3.989666, -1.812192, -2.549612, -3.200597,  6.251402, 
+ {-7.81687 , -0.076074, -6.553148,  3.679784,  0.596504,  2.504485,
+  -3.69714 , -0.169787,  6.402841, -7.347591, -7.57381 , -1.075701,
+  -9.181317, -3.989666, -1.812192, -2.549612, -3.200597,  6.251402,
    0.564111,  1.076542},
- {-7.655863,  5.692096, -1.308276, -8.455545, -6.363769,  0.420217, 
-  -0.413317, -3.72915 , -8.006616,  1.931053, -5.036602,  2.086803, 
-  -3.897727,  7.946099,  1.640307,  4.249848,  3.672309,  8.932418, 
+ {-7.655863,  5.692096, -1.308276, -8.455545, -6.363769,  0.420217,
+  -0.413317, -3.72915 , -8.006616,  1.931053, -5.036602,  2.086803,
+  -3.897727,  7.946099,  1.640307,  4.249848,  3.672309,  8.932418,
    8.264625, -8.974902},
- {-2.39369 ,  1.277131, -7.348525,  1.502706, -3.548645,  9.678551, 
-   1.513316,  2.594553, -1.979754,  4.892601, -1.976282,  5.309503, 
-   9.648625, -6.637665, -0.508106,  0.97881 , -1.277853, -4.065374, 
+ {-2.39369 ,  1.277131, -7.348525,  1.502706, -3.548645,  9.678551,
+   1.513316,  2.594553, -1.979754,  4.892601, -1.976282,  5.309503,
+   9.648625, -6.637665, -0.508106,  0.97881 , -1.277853, -4.065374,
   -2.128725,  6.761622},
- { 3.032851,  9.077939, -0.459995,  7.577871,  5.844156, -4.69285 , 
-   5.248765,  6.454728, -2.940153,  9.48464 ,  3.504667,  3.987593, 
-  -0.808062, -8.605302,  9.959603,  2.755019, -8.636948, -7.077259, 
+ { 3.032851,  9.077939, -0.459995,  7.577871,  5.844156, -4.69285 ,
+   5.248765,  6.454728, -2.940153,  9.48464 ,  3.504667,  3.987593,
+  -0.808062, -8.605302,  9.959603,  2.755019, -8.636948, -7.077259,
    6.778265, -4.456102},
- { 0.789019, -8.391345,  1.326935, -2.750302, -3.635727,  3.070465, 
-  -2.90194 ,  4.305136,  2.56563 ,  9.350227, -4.37165 , -5.072099, 
-  -8.449633,  7.84151 , -9.3091  , -0.170497, -9.981909,  7.783972, 
+ { 0.789019, -8.391345,  1.326935, -2.750302, -3.635727,  3.070465,
+  -2.90194 ,  4.305136,  2.56563 ,  9.350227, -4.37165 , -5.072099,
+  -8.449633,  7.84151 , -9.3091  , -0.170497, -9.981909,  7.783972,
   -3.212051,  2.616364},
- {-3.385869,  7.779795,  4.586448, -8.113584,  4.134024,  7.608333, 
-   0.810756,  9.514617, -0.599935, -9.215927,  0.269787,  0.436816, 
-   1.589945,  6.745015, -2.984754,  8.22778 , -1.991758, -2.205407, 
+ {-3.385869,  7.779795,  4.586448, -8.113584,  4.134024,  7.608333,
+   0.810756,  9.514617, -0.599935, -9.215927,  0.269787,  0.436816,
+   1.589945,  6.745015, -2.984754,  8.22778 , -1.991758, -2.205407,
   -1.954704, -7.920165},
- {-0.681457,  2.961423, -4.046124,  7.84679 , -0.428581, -4.352744, 
-  -1.629202, -1.682069,  5.426159,  4.759028, -0.535463,  0.037947, 
-   6.713306,  4.397586,  0.211848,  4.890704, -3.313785,  0.839388, 
+ {-0.681457,  2.961423, -4.046124,  7.84679 , -0.428581, -4.352744,
+  -1.629202, -1.682069,  5.426159,  4.759028, -0.535463,  0.037947,
+   6.713306,  4.397586,  0.211848,  4.890704, -3.313785,  0.839388,
    1.601047, -8.551511},
- { 3.58872 ,  4.407113,  1.049608,  0.099257, -8.345609,  1.612125, 
-   2.578687,  1.733626,  4.454039, -8.312231,  9.610947, -7.572344, 
-  -7.769007,  0.116085, -1.100301, -6.350003, -1.589225,  7.378157, 
+ { 3.58872 ,  4.407113,  1.049608,  0.099257, -8.345609,  1.612125,
+   2.578687,  1.733626,  4.454039, -8.312231,  9.610947, -7.572344,
+  -7.769007,  0.116085, -1.100301, -6.350003, -1.589225,  7.378157,
    5.114439, -7.273815},
- {-6.417325,  1.029412,  1.246413, -1.370279, -2.788699,  0.373218, 
-  -1.76683 , -9.41086 , -8.920649, -7.659411,  2.569412, -1.410808, 
-  -7.417977, -2.567283,  5.480396,  4.847727, -8.649269,  4.136584, 
+ {-6.417325,  1.029412,  1.246413, -1.370279, -2.788699,  0.373218,
+  -1.76683 , -9.41086 , -8.920649, -7.659411,  2.569412, -1.410808,
+  -7.417977, -2.567283,  5.480396,  4.847727, -8.649269,  4.136584,
   -3.603764,  9.610047}})xio";
 
 
-static std::string print_options_result = R"xio({{ 4.2591064316, -1.4305814994,  3.8176970288,  4.3830061776, -0.1776213445,  5.6005552105, -1.7815126386,  1.5938859511, -7.2009847337, -1.9796489161, ..., 
+static std::string print_options_result = R"xio({{ 4.2591064316, -1.4305814994,  3.8176970288,  4.3830061776, -0.1776213445,  5.6005552105, -1.7815126386,  1.5938859511, -7.2009847337, -1.9796489161, ...,
    1.1343811765, -9.9173071655,  2.760450376 , -8.8470396411, -9.139461943 ,  7.5010227444, -4.1482478699,  5.2553532664, -2.6426947385,  7.4700453614},
- {-9.4115253654,  1.0408744899, -5.1950499364,  7.6961002039, -0.7952315019, -6.1365934617, -4.1261498917,  6.3585501702,  1.1897474893,  3.5585089605, ..., 
+ {-9.4115253654,  1.0408744899, -5.1950499364,  7.6961002039, -0.7952315019, -6.1365934617, -4.1261498917,  6.3585501702,  1.1897474893,  3.5585089605, ...,
   -4.2357610156, -4.7203856627,  3.8147645182,  6.6567306578,  1.8478314906, -0.6695482385,  3.4731996107, -2.1704128909,  4.0420874091,  9.3139529141},
- {-8.1898023489, -8.8374973132,  1.7603482476,  5.0234750844,  0.2263477806,  8.4100238586, -3.9207180445, -0.139945379 ,  9.5872069321, -3.5298347424, ..., 
+ {-8.1898023489, -8.8374973132,  1.7603482476,  5.0234750844,  0.2263477806,  8.4100238586, -3.9207180445, -0.139945379 ,  9.5872069321, -3.5298347424, ...,
    3.5046670094,  3.9875929331, -0.8080616344, -8.6053016645,  9.9596034323,  2.7550191523, -8.6369483274, -7.0772591799,  6.7782654526, -4.4561017137},
- { 0.7890194329, -8.3913445067,  1.3269347791, -2.7503017751, -3.6357272732,  3.0704652279, -2.9019400135,  4.3051361271,  2.5656298621,  9.3502266157, ..., 
+ { 0.7890194329, -8.3913445067,  1.3269347791, -2.7503017751, -3.6357272732,  3.0704652279, -2.9019400135,  4.3051361271,  2.5656298621,  9.3502266157, ...,
    2.5694116162, -1.4108075651, -7.4179767494, -2.5672834157,  5.4803960597,  4.8477269726, -8.6492687081,  4.1365841284, -3.6037635514,  9.6100473723},
- {-6.8688488358, -5.9147360722, -0.3254980504, -0.4432930783, -8.6451064241,  0.4825582218,  6.4742113124, -1.5333826165,  1.6238035236,  5.0456922596, ..., 
+ {-6.8688488358, -5.9147360722, -0.3254980504, -0.4432930783, -8.6451064241,  0.4825582218,  6.4742113124, -1.5333826165,  1.6238035236,  5.0456922596, ...,
   -8.907970271 ,  0.18649803  , -9.9543102044, -6.2819204702,  5.3891564207, -3.3120201622, -4.3563841708, -2.219026429 ,  1.3871931164,  1.2869286246},
- {-6.3042710386, -7.8792950167,  4.8002785251,  5.9913866833,  6.2776804059,  9.7214889689,  5.4955589139,  5.6252921014,  7.577437609 ,  7.257547502 , ..., 
+ {-6.3042710386, -7.8792950167,  4.8002785251,  5.9913866833,  6.2776804059,  9.7214889689,  5.4955589139,  5.6252921014,  7.577437609 ,  7.257547502 , ...,
    8.5663364244,  6.7513786277,  4.5776524274,  1.9506977271,  3.0531497184,  4.2059602795,  3.0692081464, -0.3337777986, -1.1924831894,  5.5755222404},
- {-9.9360143174, -7.8252918939,  0.9357223565, -0.4318962485, -7.4969360956,  8.7757765577,  5.490149909 , -2.9660779553,  5.2321713202,  3.1286268453, ..., 
+ {-9.9360143174, -7.8252918939,  0.9357223565, -0.4318962485, -7.4969360956,  8.7757765577,  5.490149909 , -2.9660779553,  5.2321713202,  3.1286268453, ...,
   -0.7865411543,  7.0944427163, -8.5003798672, -0.9705943392,  4.8865678277,  2.4922847975, -8.259579232 ,  4.8378875582,  0.5414670781,  1.876758001 },
- { 1.293892469 ,  7.8727186438, -4.972623397 , -3.5229320218,  3.3804633975,  5.8755820434, -7.2976530169, -2.5884345174,  3.4962291201,  2.5881180456, ..., 
+ { 1.293892469 ,  7.8727186438, -4.972623397 , -3.5229320218,  3.3804633975,  5.8755820434, -7.2976530169, -2.5884345174,  3.4962291201,  2.5881180456, ...,
   -8.3196069801, -5.8129397724,  3.5503994193,  1.912760341 , -2.9211608073, -1.0535730789,  9.0423519795,  2.0698228727,  0.6368620153,  6.9564823215},
- { 3.9358404762,  0.5809243981, -0.9498240938,  6.898440392 , -5.4818767592, -5.0017919505, -2.9829227958,  5.7145039411, -8.1874937034, -9.2677064906, ..., 
+ { 3.9358404762,  0.5809243981, -0.9498240938,  6.898440392 , -5.4818767592, -5.0017919505, -2.9829227958,  5.7145039411, -8.1874937034, -9.2677064906, ...,
    2.0794398741,  2.4170323022,  7.8038475493, -7.7127253907,  7.2106577371,  7.7389202457,  1.6675980486,  8.4511451276,  3.792580503 , -6.1656516322},
- { 9.0866831126,  5.9443540369,  7.1534989647, -7.508772471 , -8.0987910974,  3.4886813262,  2.1691338193, -2.2854097703, -6.8156659851, -0.1224009932, ..., 
+ { 9.0866831126,  5.9443540369,  7.1534989647, -7.508772471 , -8.0987910974,  3.4886813262,  2.1691338193, -2.2854097703, -6.8156659851, -0.1224009932, ...,
   -4.4368127712,  1.0803095673, -3.7147775314,  6.4971630142,  8.3919628599,  4.0877859866,  4.8276491821, -1.742215113 , -8.597945096 ,  6.8729988406},
- ..., 
- {-3.151856391 ,  2.4390118942,  9.8334549245,  2.8587256739, -4.083950175 , -6.1374355029,  0.7666708995,  8.8843617064, -4.0865416894,  3.460927625 , ..., 
+ ...,
+ {-3.151856391 ,  2.4390118942,  9.8334549245,  2.8587256739, -4.083950175 , -6.1374355029,  0.7666708995,  8.8843617064, -4.0865416894,  3.460927625 , ...,
    9.1923774994,  2.2861329136,  8.9983777704, -7.9231060177, -0.9049750831,  4.4464730624, -5.4762394472,  7.8770915099,  5.7033579537,  0.016548383 },
- {-2.4788852044,  1.1656576499,  6.5928665383, -6.1366555538, -8.6411857519,  5.2052450675, -3.5959077694,  3.3344935488, -2.2047991068,  9.3559814814, ..., 
+ {-2.4788852044,  1.1656576499,  6.5928665383, -6.1366555538, -8.6411857519,  5.2052450675, -3.5959077694,  3.3344935488, -2.2047991068,  9.3559814814, ...,
   -7.4537355115, -7.1201607588,  2.3992745913, -5.6769048416, -1.108305959 ,  6.1092005967, -3.526292617 , -3.031207394 , -3.2672616002,  6.2747284327},
- { 1.2279588003, -3.6163419543, -2.0786564667, -5.1491621651,  4.8967947546,  2.0128427608,  6.5801679558, -7.7133407724,  1.2911925826, -4.3470470189, ..., 
+ { 1.2279588003, -3.6163419543, -2.0786564667, -5.1491621651,  4.8967947546,  2.0128427608,  6.5801679558, -7.7133407724,  1.2911925826, -4.3470470189, ...,
    2.4885760741,  0.516281461 ,  2.0317043678,  9.8593572754,  9.39050558  , -6.5182817973, -6.2139035714, -6.892220281 , -4.4423667759,  0.2460085642},
- { 1.1550892391, -9.9888950269,  3.6677261546, -1.9225639445, -3.9742847089,  9.8369094525,  1.0094657806,  7.0237851259,  4.7613542349, -2.5126619176, ..., 
+ { 1.1550892391, -9.9888950269,  3.6677261546, -1.9225639445, -3.9742847089,  9.8369094525,  1.0094657806,  7.0237851259,  4.7613542349, -2.5126619176, ...,
   -8.4162629587, -3.24552804  , -3.5550699051,  8.5579495749,  4.0636289088, -3.1650726073,  4.791227718 , -6.6433645946,  6.1247442938, -2.3697889754},
- { 0.1790187416,  3.7869978784, -3.7214265386, -5.430811068 ,  0.0320440687,  7.9734318597, -8.3428800195,  8.4875692138, -8.0981588233,  5.1545232452, ..., 
+ { 0.1790187416,  3.7869978784, -3.7214265386, -5.430811068 ,  0.0320440687,  7.9734318597, -8.3428800195,  8.4875692138, -8.0981588233,  5.1545232452, ...,
    6.2912773739,  4.9564293744,  0.0382712411, -0.2348270118, -8.732937865 ,  8.8921533464, -2.630946671 ,  3.0153719251,  9.9166161566, -6.6299812283},
- { 9.1449987496,  2.4201323765,  5.8399717306,  8.0367330041, -9.7451837364,  1.6830851238, -2.1287651061, -6.8869386991, -3.0261938917,  9.1932040255, ..., 
+ { 9.1449987496,  2.4201323765,  5.8399717306,  8.0367330041, -9.7451837364,  1.6830851238, -2.1287651061, -6.8869386991, -3.0261938917,  9.1932040255, ...,
   -1.4246246026,  9.4138344923, -4.0763188341, -7.8716496381, -4.5449281491, -1.0316709948, -7.7429029029, -5.8385824545, -1.6484059172,  7.6987670572},
- {-3.2993450647,  0.1656660217, -5.741487258 ,  7.6658710517,  7.4421535525, -8.7237405417, -1.6565722798, -9.5092800257, -2.9103572582, -9.0512625226, ..., 
+ {-3.2993450647,  0.1656660217, -5.741487258 ,  7.6658710517,  7.4421535525, -8.7237405417, -1.6565722798, -9.5092800257, -2.9103572582, -9.0512625226, ...,
    0.956576245 , -2.1176214529,  1.224063253 ,  9.4574798674,  1.5253960498,  9.0468728933,  1.4632485328,  5.388738737 , -5.0804525812,  9.9405982276},
- {-3.8595565152,  3.9711250838, -0.7466613442, -7.8472288594, -9.7060944334,  5.8814551806,  1.5839099422, -3.2811630355, -2.5670295888, -2.2946266962, ..., 
+ {-3.8595565152,  3.9711250838, -0.7466613442, -7.8472288594, -9.7060944334,  5.8814551806,  1.5839099422, -3.2811630355, -2.5670295888, -2.2946266962, ...,
   -8.3226376255, -6.1266055234, -8.53220412  ,  0.0712064945, -8.6836749392,  1.1484328631, -9.9792581277, -7.8110753489,  9.4993486219,  6.8471466225},
- { 4.0164446191,  2.6124123025,  3.009438323 , -5.5299690191, -4.4891102742,  5.137638025 ,  5.7287509146, -2.275257769 ,  5.6551393668, -5.2959856257, ..., 
+ { 4.0164446191,  2.6124123025,  3.009438323 , -5.5299690191, -4.4891102742,  5.137638025 ,  5.7287509146, -2.275257769 ,  5.6551393668, -5.2959856257, ...,
   -0.671183266 ,  6.450851233 ,  1.0147749194, -4.3992512334, -5.7095954354,  7.7680651531,  2.5030521106,  6.6729805346,  5.0310323451, -7.5703964152},
- { 0.5886834152,  4.6679436689, -8.592678009 , -7.6868968194,  7.1161214125, -1.4239915896,  6.2509497685,  8.4953751982,  9.7493446122,  7.2939809954, ..., 
+ { 0.5886834152,  4.6679436689, -8.592678009 , -7.6868968194,  7.1161214125, -1.4239915896,  6.2509497685,  8.4953751982,  9.7493446122,  7.2939809954, ...,
    5.6044133488, -4.1291454101, -8.28053945  ,  3.5683828275, -1.2860306048, -9.0687648703,  3.8310462403, -9.0213947232,  2.1923222357, -6.3506701839}})xio";
 
 
@@ -525,45 +525,43 @@ static std::string custom_formatter_result = R"xio({{     0x1,      0x2,      0x
  {    0x64,     0xc8,    0x3e8, 0x989680}})xio";
 
 
-static std::string complex_zero_erasing = R"xio({{ 0.212955-0.470576i, -0.071529+0.052044i,  0.190885-0.259752i, 
-   0.21915 +0.384805i, -0.008881-0.039762i,  0.280028-0.30683i , 
-  -0.089076-0.206307i,  0.079694+0.317928i, -0.360049+0.059487i, 
+static std::string complex_zero_erasing = R"xio({{ 0.212955-0.470576i, -0.071529+0.052044i,  0.190885-0.259752i,
+   0.21915 +0.384805i, -0.008881-0.039762i,  0.280028-0.30683i ,
+  -0.089076-0.206307i,  0.079694+0.317928i, -0.360049+0.059487i,
   -0.098982+0.177925i},
- { 0.127317+0.309127i, -0.175849+0.368572i, -0.255241-0.082008i, 
-   0.194755-0.441062i,  0.093902-0.021541i,  0.131792+0.021159i, 
-  -0.059743+0.080632i, -0.416274-0.190801i,  0.21233 +0.419883i, 
+ { 0.127317+0.309127i, -0.175849+0.368572i, -0.255241-0.082008i,
+   0.194755-0.441062i,  0.093902-0.021541i,  0.131792+0.021159i,
+  -0.059743+0.080632i, -0.416274-0.190801i,  0.21233 +0.419883i,
   -0.072137+0.155348i},
- {-0.20222 -0.150759i, -0.007915+0.041094i,  0.240296-0.050947i, 
-  -0.142271-0.217679i, -0.08279 -0.204123i,  0.154721+0.063481i, 
-  -0.126199+0.215191i, -0.265487+0.017619i,  0.487995-0.147958i, 
+ {-0.20222 -0.150759i, -0.007915+0.041094i,  0.240296-0.050947i,
+  -0.142271-0.217679i, -0.08279 -0.204123i,  0.154721+0.063481i,
+  -0.126199+0.215191i, -0.265487+0.017619i,  0.487995-0.147958i,
    0.265996+0.132779i},
- { 0.277004+0.373119i, -0.472018-0.332112i, -0.326093+0.487478i, 
-  -0.345918-0.150585i, -0.422914+0.326205i,  0.389866-0.434538i, 
-   0.250379-0.494647i,  0.193403+0.386945i,  0.011763+0.411318i, 
+ { 0.277004+0.373119i, -0.472018-0.332112i, -0.326093+0.487478i,
+  -0.345918-0.150585i, -0.422914+0.326205i,  0.389866-0.434538i,
+   0.250379-0.494647i,  0.193403+0.386945i,  0.011763+0.411318i,
   -0.035732-0.300592i},
- { 0.068431-0.472449i, -0.197451+0.317335i, -0.002691-0.258172i, 
-   0.183263-0.443917i,  0.416699-0.432439i, -0.391071-0.026128i, 
-  -0.004508+0.009429i, -0.267164-0.083205i, -0.063139-0.244157i, 
+ { 0.068431-0.472449i, -0.197451+0.317335i, -0.002691-0.258172i,
+   0.183263-0.443917i,  0.416699-0.432439i, -0.391071-0.026128i,
+  -0.004508+0.009429i, -0.267164-0.083205i, -0.063139-0.244157i,
    0.251543-0.118488i},
- {-0.019108+0.307384i,  0.297728+0.311039i, -0.217297+0.186187i, 
-  -0.066582+0.492614i, -0.490243-0.094815i, -0.159204-0.309826i, 
-   0.189272-0.011826i,  0.369369+0.00237i , -0.232196-0.096645i, 
+ {-0.019108+0.307384i,  0.297728+0.311039i, -0.217297+0.186187i,
+  -0.066582+0.492614i, -0.490243-0.094815i, -0.159204-0.309826i,
+   0.189272-0.011826i,  0.369369+0.00237i , -0.232196-0.096645i,
   -0.043252-0.318905i},
- {-0.231719-0.45197i ,  0.337053+0.104691i, -0.229485-0.234089i, 
-   0.030062+0.381347i, -0.324627+0.084046i, -0.185034-0.02254i , 
-   0.391109-0.328485i, -0.319664-0.44338i , -0.005684-0.342965i, 
+ {-0.231719-0.45197i ,  0.337053+0.104691i, -0.229485-0.234089i,
+   0.030062+0.381347i, -0.324627+0.084046i, -0.185034-0.02254i ,
+   0.391109-0.328485i, -0.319664-0.44338i , -0.005684-0.342965i,
   -0.287702-0.161383i},
- { 0.020877-0.059357i, -0.3399  +0.183843i,  0.419057-0.294128i, 
-   0.49429 +0.116434i, -0.022952+0.424472i, -0.190116-0.420372i, 
-   0.007204-0.014603i, -0.219207+0.198564i,  0.263837-0.418432i, 
+ { 0.020877-0.059357i, -0.3399  +0.183843i,  0.419057-0.294128i,
+   0.49429 +0.116434i, -0.022952+0.424472i, -0.190116-0.420372i,
+   0.007204-0.014603i, -0.219207+0.198564i,  0.263837-0.418432i,
   -0.391458+0.369102i},
- { 0.011655-0.066894i,  0.409769-0.00567i , -0.281624-0.00426i , 
-  -0.136896-0.129278i,  0.354973+0.422129i,  0.211392+0.341278i, 
-  -0.107056+0.155526i, -0.268699-0.037315i, -0.119825+0.065011i, 
+ { 0.011655-0.066894i,  0.409769-0.00567i , -0.281624-0.00426i ,
+  -0.136896-0.129278i,  0.354973+0.422129i,  0.211392+0.341278i,
+  -0.107056+0.155526i, -0.268699-0.037315i, -0.119825+0.065011i,
    0.049162-0.076084i},
- { 0.056719-0.211788i, -0.495865-0.236019i,  0.138023+0.190738i, 
-  -0.442352+0.332837i, -0.456973+0.092392i,  0.375051-0.033477i, 
-  -0.207412+0.17366i ,  0.262768-0.108521i, -0.132135+0.202104i, 
+ { 0.056719-0.211788i, -0.495865-0.236019i,  0.138023+0.190738i,
+  -0.442352+0.332837i, -0.456973+0.092392i,  0.375051-0.033477i,
+  -0.207412+0.17366i ,  0.262768-0.108521i, -0.132135+0.202104i,
    0.373502+0.465698i}})xio";
-
-
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/big_exp.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/big_exp.txt
index d300864fe..407072cf1 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/big_exp.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/big_exp.txt
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
  {-1.776213e-001,  1.000000e+220,  1.000000e-124,  1.593886e+000},
  {-7.200985e+000, -1.979649e+000,  2.546340e+000, -3.516982e+000},
  {-5.104814e+000,  3.895104e+000,  1.878048e+000,  2.635840e+000},
- {-1.194856e+000, -8.325470e+000,  4.246604e+000, -1.442730e+000}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {-1.194856e+000, -8.325470e+000,  4.246604e+000, -1.442730e+000}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/bool_fn.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/bool_fn.txt
index 053541f57..262b829f1 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/bool_fn.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/bool_fn.txt
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
  { true, false,  true, false, false},
  { true, false, false,  true,  true},
  { true, false, false,  true, false},
- {false, false,  true, false, false}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {false, false,  true, false, false}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_numbers.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_numbers.txt
index f7baa81a1..4bc443578 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_numbers.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_numbers.txt
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
-{{ 4.259106-4.705763i, -1.430581+0.520437i,  3.817697-2.597525i, 
-   4.383006+3.84805i , -0.177621-0.397616i,  5.600555-3.068297i, 
-  -1.781513-2.063075i,  1.593886+3.179275i, -7.200985+0.594874i, 
+{{ 4.259106-4.705763i, -1.430581+0.520437i,  3.817697-2.597525i,
+   4.383006+3.84805i , -0.177621-0.397616i,  5.600555-3.068297i,
+  -1.781513-2.063075i,  1.593886+3.179275i, -7.200985+0.594874i,
   -1.979649+1.779254i},
- { 2.54634 +3.091267i, -3.516982+3.685722i, -5.104814-0.820075i, 
-   3.895104-4.410618i,  1.878048-0.21541i ,  2.63584 +0.211594i, 
-  -1.194856+0.80632i , -8.32547 -1.90801i ,  4.246604+4.198826i, 
+ { 2.54634 +3.091267i, -3.516982+3.685722i, -5.104814-0.820075i,
+   3.895104-4.410618i,  1.878048-0.21541i ,  2.63584 +0.211594i,
+  -1.194856+0.80632i , -8.32547 -1.90801i ,  4.246604+4.198826i,
   -1.44273 +1.553475i},
- {-4.04439 -1.507586i, -0.158305+0.41094i ,  4.805928-0.509466i, 
-  -2.845422-2.17679i , -1.655801-2.041235i,  3.094426+0.63481i , 
-  -2.523971+2.151913i, -5.309743+0.176187i,  9.759906-1.479582i, 
+ {-4.04439 -1.507586i, -0.158305+0.41094i ,  4.805928-0.509466i,
+  -2.845422-2.17679i , -1.655801-2.041235i,  3.094426+0.63481i ,
+  -2.523971+2.151913i, -5.309743+0.176187i,  9.759906-1.479582i,
    5.319919+1.327789i},
- { 5.540089+3.73119i , -9.440361-3.321116i, -6.52187 +4.874783i, 
-  -6.918355-1.505851i, -8.45827 +3.262051i,  7.797314-4.345385i, 
-   5.007574-4.946467i,  3.868065+3.869446i,  0.235268+4.113181i, 
+ { 5.540089+3.73119i , -9.440361-3.321116i, -6.52187 +4.874783i,
+  -6.918355-1.505851i, -8.45827 +3.262051i,  7.797314-4.345385i,
+   5.007574-4.946467i,  3.868065+3.869446i,  0.235268+4.113181i,
   -0.714639-3.005922i},
- { 1.368614-4.724486i, -3.949011+3.173349i, -0.053824-2.581724i, 
-   3.665258-4.43917i ,  8.333974-4.324392i, -7.821421-0.261281i, 
-  -0.090164+0.094293i, -5.343281-0.832049i, -1.262787-2.441571i, 
+ { 1.368614-4.724486i, -3.949011+3.173349i, -0.053824-2.581724i,
+   3.665258-4.43917i ,  8.333974-4.324392i, -7.821421-0.261281i,
+  -0.090164+0.094293i, -5.343281-0.832049i, -1.262787-2.441571i,
    5.03086 -1.184879i},
- {-0.382158+3.073844i,  5.954568+3.110391i, -4.345941+1.861869i, 
-  -1.331635+4.926136i, -9.804853-0.948148i, -3.18408 -3.098263i, 
-   3.78544 -0.118255i,  7.387386+0.023696i, -4.643924-0.966452i, 
+ {-0.382158+3.073844i,  5.954568+3.110391i, -4.345941+1.861869i,
+  -1.331635+4.926136i, -9.804853-0.948148i, -3.18408 -3.098263i,
+   3.78544 -0.118255i,  7.387386+0.023696i, -4.643924-0.966452i,
   -0.865042-3.189046i},
- {-4.634374-4.519702i,  6.741056+1.046913i, -4.589707-2.340888i, 
-   0.60124 +3.81347i , -6.492547+0.840461i, -3.700671-0.225395i, 
-   7.822182-3.28485i , -6.393274-4.4338i  , -0.113676-3.429648i, 
+ {-4.634374-4.519702i,  6.741056+1.046913i, -4.589707-2.340888i,
+   0.60124 +3.81347i , -6.492547+0.840461i, -3.700671-0.225395i,
+   7.822182-3.28485i , -6.393274-4.4338i  , -0.113676-3.429648i,
   -5.754038-1.613825i},
- { 0.417537-0.59357i , -6.798001+1.838431i,  8.381136-2.941283i, 
-   9.885798+1.164337i, -0.459049+4.244716i, -3.80233 -4.203717i, 
-   0.144086-0.146032i, -4.384136+1.985636i,  5.276734-4.184315i, 
+ { 0.417537-0.59357i , -6.798001+1.838431i,  8.381136-2.941283i,
+   9.885798+1.164337i, -0.459049+4.244716i, -3.80233 -4.203717i,
+   0.144086-0.146032i, -4.384136+1.985636i,  5.276734-4.184315i,
   -7.829154+3.691024i},
- { 0.233094-0.668943i,  8.195388-0.056699i, -5.63248 -0.042595i, 
-  -2.737919-1.292779i,  7.099456+4.221287i,  4.227836+3.412782i, 
-  -2.141112+1.555259i, -5.37397 -0.37315i , -2.396506+0.650113i, 
+ { 0.233094-0.668943i,  8.195388-0.056699i, -5.63248 -0.042595i,
+  -2.737919-1.292779i,  7.099456+4.221287i,  4.227836+3.412782i,
+  -2.141112+1.555259i, -5.37397 -0.37315i , -2.396506+0.650113i,
    0.983242-0.760845i},
- { 1.134381-2.117881i, -9.917307-2.360193i,  2.76045 +1.907382i, 
-  -8.84704 +3.328365i, -9.139462+0.923916i,  7.501023-0.334774i, 
-  -4.148248+1.7366i  ,  5.255353-1.085206i, -2.642695+2.021044i, 
-   7.470045+4.656976i}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ { 1.134381-2.117881i, -9.917307-2.360193i,  2.76045 +1.907382i,
+  -8.84704 +3.328365i, -9.139462+0.923916i,  7.501023-0.334774i,
+  -4.148248+1.7366i  ,  5.255353-1.085206i, -2.642695+2.021044i,
+   7.470045+4.656976i}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_zero_erasing.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_zero_erasing.txt
index db203c894..55cafaa24 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_zero_erasing.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/complex_zero_erasing.txt
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
-{{ 0.212955-0.470576i, -0.071529+0.052044i,  0.190885-0.259752i, 
-   0.21915 +0.384805i, -0.008881-0.039762i,  0.280028-0.30683i , 
-  -0.089076-0.206307i,  0.079694+0.317928i, -0.360049+0.059487i, 
+{{ 0.212955-0.470576i, -0.071529+0.052044i,  0.190885-0.259752i,
+   0.21915 +0.384805i, -0.008881-0.039762i,  0.280028-0.30683i ,
+  -0.089076-0.206307i,  0.079694+0.317928i, -0.360049+0.059487i,
   -0.098982+0.177925i},
- { 0.127317+0.309127i, -0.175849+0.368572i, -0.255241-0.082008i, 
-   0.194755-0.441062i,  0.093902-0.021541i,  0.131792+0.021159i, 
-  -0.059743+0.080632i, -0.416274-0.190801i,  0.21233 +0.419883i, 
+ { 0.127317+0.309127i, -0.175849+0.368572i, -0.255241-0.082008i,
+   0.194755-0.441062i,  0.093902-0.021541i,  0.131792+0.021159i,
+  -0.059743+0.080632i, -0.416274-0.190801i,  0.21233 +0.419883i,
   -0.072137+0.155348i},
- {-0.20222 -0.150759i, -0.007915+0.041094i,  0.240296-0.050947i, 
-  -0.142271-0.217679i, -0.08279 -0.204123i,  0.154721+0.063481i, 
-  -0.126199+0.215191i, -0.265487+0.017619i,  0.487995-0.147958i, 
+ {-0.20222 -0.150759i, -0.007915+0.041094i,  0.240296-0.050947i,
+  -0.142271-0.217679i, -0.08279 -0.204123i,  0.154721+0.063481i,
+  -0.126199+0.215191i, -0.265487+0.017619i,  0.487995-0.147958i,
    0.265996+0.132779i},
- { 0.277004+0.373119i, -0.472018-0.332112i, -0.326093+0.487478i, 
-  -0.345918-0.150585i, -0.422914+0.326205i,  0.389866-0.434538i, 
-   0.250379-0.494647i,  0.193403+0.386945i,  0.011763+0.411318i, 
+ { 0.277004+0.373119i, -0.472018-0.332112i, -0.326093+0.487478i,
+  -0.345918-0.150585i, -0.422914+0.326205i,  0.389866-0.434538i,
+   0.250379-0.494647i,  0.193403+0.386945i,  0.011763+0.411318i,
   -0.035732-0.300592i},
- { 0.068431-0.472449i, -0.197451+0.317335i, -0.002691-0.258172i, 
-   0.183263-0.443917i,  0.416699-0.432439i, -0.391071-0.026128i, 
-  -0.004508+0.009429i, -0.267164-0.083205i, -0.063139-0.244157i, 
+ { 0.068431-0.472449i, -0.197451+0.317335i, -0.002691-0.258172i,
+   0.183263-0.443917i,  0.416699-0.432439i, -0.391071-0.026128i,
+  -0.004508+0.009429i, -0.267164-0.083205i, -0.063139-0.244157i,
    0.251543-0.118488i},
- {-0.019108+0.307384i,  0.297728+0.311039i, -0.217297+0.186187i, 
-  -0.066582+0.492614i, -0.490243-0.094815i, -0.159204-0.309826i, 
-   0.189272-0.011826i,  0.369369+0.00237i , -0.232196-0.096645i, 
+ {-0.019108+0.307384i,  0.297728+0.311039i, -0.217297+0.186187i,
+  -0.066582+0.492614i, -0.490243-0.094815i, -0.159204-0.309826i,
+   0.189272-0.011826i,  0.369369+0.00237i , -0.232196-0.096645i,
   -0.043252-0.318905i},
- {-0.231719-0.45197i ,  0.337053+0.104691i, -0.229485-0.234089i, 
-   0.030062+0.381347i, -0.324627+0.084046i, -0.185034-0.02254i , 
-   0.391109-0.328485i, -0.319664-0.44338i , -0.005684-0.342965i, 
+ {-0.231719-0.45197i ,  0.337053+0.104691i, -0.229485-0.234089i,
+   0.030062+0.381347i, -0.324627+0.084046i, -0.185034-0.02254i ,
+   0.391109-0.328485i, -0.319664-0.44338i , -0.005684-0.342965i,
   -0.287702-0.161383i},
- { 0.020877-0.059357i, -0.3399  +0.183843i,  0.419057-0.294128i, 
-   0.49429 +0.116434i, -0.022952+0.424472i, -0.190116-0.420372i, 
-   0.007204-0.014603i, -0.219207+0.198564i,  0.263837-0.418432i, 
+ { 0.020877-0.059357i, -0.3399  +0.183843i,  0.419057-0.294128i,
+   0.49429 +0.116434i, -0.022952+0.424472i, -0.190116-0.420372i,
+   0.007204-0.014603i, -0.219207+0.198564i,  0.263837-0.418432i,
   -0.391458+0.369102i},
- { 0.011655-0.066894i,  0.409769-0.00567i , -0.281624-0.00426i , 
-  -0.136896-0.129278i,  0.354973+0.422129i,  0.211392+0.341278i, 
-  -0.107056+0.155526i, -0.268699-0.037315i, -0.119825+0.065011i, 
+ { 0.011655-0.066894i,  0.409769-0.00567i , -0.281624-0.00426i ,
+  -0.136896-0.129278i,  0.354973+0.422129i,  0.211392+0.341278i,
+  -0.107056+0.155526i, -0.268699-0.037315i, -0.119825+0.065011i,
    0.049162-0.076084i},
- { 0.056719-0.211788i, -0.495865-0.236019i,  0.138023+0.190738i, 
-  -0.442352+0.332837i, -0.456973+0.092392i,  0.375051-0.033477i, 
-  -0.207412+0.17366i ,  0.262768-0.108521i, -0.132135+0.202104i, 
-   0.373502+0.465698i}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ { 0.056719-0.211788i, -0.495865-0.236019i,  0.138023+0.190738i,
+  -0.442352+0.332837i, -0.456973+0.092392i,  0.375051-0.033477i,
+  -0.207412+0.17366i ,  0.262768-0.108521i, -0.132135+0.202104i,
+   0.373502+0.465698i}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/custom_formatter_result.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/custom_formatter_result.txt
index 4dbbf3d23..0b4bdfd52 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/custom_formatter_result.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/custom_formatter_result.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 {{     0x1,      0x2,      0x3,      0x4},
- {    0x64,     0xc8,    0x3e8, 0x989680}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {    0x64,     0xc8,    0x3e8, 0x989680}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_4d.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_4d.txt
index 76e2e0f4f..5ab93f324 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_4d.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_4d.txt
@@ -1,259 +1,259 @@
 {{{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
- ..., 
+ ...,
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}},
  {{{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
-  ..., 
+  ...,
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}},
   {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   ..., 
+   ...,
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
-   {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}}}
\ No newline at end of file
+   {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_both.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_both.txt
index 1157d5407..8eb25ebd6 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_both.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_both.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {{1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
- ..., 
+ ...,
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
- {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_high.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_high.txt
index 7187709be..6f51c03c5 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_high.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_high.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {{1},
  {1},
  {1},
- ..., 
+ ...,
  {1},
  {1},
- {1}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {1}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_long.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_long.txt
index 89e49a76d..e3c3a843e 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_long.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/cut_long.txt
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
  {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1},
- {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/float_leading_zero.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/float_leading_zero.txt
index b30ab4c3b..eb2b7c148 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/float_leading_zero.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/float_leading_zero.txt
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-{{ 0.212955, -0.071529,  0.190885,  0.21915 , -0.008881,  0.280028, 
+{{ 0.212955, -0.071529,  0.190885,  0.21915 , -0.008881,  0.280028,
   -0.089076,  0.079694, -0.360049, -0.098982},
- { 0.127317, -0.175849, -0.255241,  0.194755,  0.093902,  0.131792, 
+ { 0.127317, -0.175849, -0.255241,  0.194755,  0.093902,  0.131792,
   -0.059743, -0.416274,  0.21233 , -0.072137},
- {-0.20222 , -0.007915,  0.240296, -0.142271, -0.08279 ,  0.154721, 
+ {-0.20222 , -0.007915,  0.240296, -0.142271, -0.08279 ,  0.154721,
   -0.126199, -0.265487,  0.487995,  0.265996},
- { 0.277004, -0.472018, -0.326093, -0.345918, -0.422914,  0.389866, 
+ { 0.277004, -0.472018, -0.326093, -0.345918, -0.422914,  0.389866,
    0.250379,  0.193403,  0.011763, -0.035732},
- { 0.068431, -0.197451, -0.002691,  0.183263,  0.416699, -0.391071, 
+ { 0.068431, -0.197451, -0.002691,  0.183263,  0.416699, -0.391071,
   -0.004508, -0.267164, -0.063139,  0.251543},
- {-0.019108,  0.297728, -0.217297, -0.066582, -0.490243, -0.159204, 
+ {-0.019108,  0.297728, -0.217297, -0.066582, -0.490243, -0.159204,
    0.189272,  0.369369, -0.232196, -0.043252},
- {-0.231719,  0.337053, -0.229485,  0.030062, -0.324627, -0.185034, 
+ {-0.231719,  0.337053, -0.229485,  0.030062, -0.324627, -0.185034,
    0.391109, -0.319664, -0.005684, -0.287702},
- { 0.020877, -0.3399  ,  0.419057,  0.49429 , -0.022952, -0.190116, 
+ { 0.020877, -0.3399  ,  0.419057,  0.49429 , -0.022952, -0.190116,
    0.007204, -0.219207,  0.263837, -0.391458},
- { 0.011655,  0.409769, -0.281624, -0.136896,  0.354973,  0.211392, 
+ { 0.011655,  0.409769, -0.281624, -0.136896,  0.354973,  0.211392,
   -0.107056, -0.268699, -0.119825,  0.049162},
- { 0.056719, -0.495865,  0.138023, -0.442352, -0.456973,  0.375051, 
-  -0.207412,  0.262768, -0.132135,  0.373502}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ { 0.056719, -0.495865,  0.138023, -0.442352, -0.456973,  0.375051,
+  -0.207412,  0.262768, -0.132135,  0.373502}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/long_strings.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/long_strings.txt
index f72176046..8426e29b4 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/long_strings.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/long_strings.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 {{some, random very long and very very, boring},
- {strings, in, xtensor xarray}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {strings, in, xtensor xarray}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/precision.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/precision.txt
index 53749121b..06a5d41bd 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/precision.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/precision.txt
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
  {-0.177621344479,  5.600555210482, -1.781512638644,  1.593885951139},
  {-7.200984733734, -1.979648916087,  2.546340079714, -3.516982077951},
  {-5.104814402579,  3.895103503297,  1.87804795987 ,  2.635840409147},
- {-1.194856450043, -8.325470293986,  4.246603560315, -1.442730205451}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {-1.194856450043, -8.325470293986,  4.246603560315, -1.442730205451}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/print_options_result.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/print_options_result.txt
index 3e29e9777..3bb26cdd6 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/print_options_result.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/print_options_result.txt
@@ -1,41 +1,41 @@
-{{ 4.2591064316, -1.4305814994,  3.8176970288,  4.3830061776, -0.1776213445,  5.6005552105, -1.7815126386,  1.5938859511, -7.2009847337, -1.9796489161, ..., 
+{{ 4.2591064316, -1.4305814994,  3.8176970288,  4.3830061776, -0.1776213445,  5.6005552105, -1.7815126386,  1.5938859511, -7.2009847337, -1.9796489161, ...,
    1.1343811765, -9.9173071655,  2.760450376 , -8.8470396411, -9.139461943 ,  7.5010227444, -4.1482478699,  5.2553532664, -2.6426947385,  7.4700453614},
- {-9.4115253654,  1.0408744899, -5.1950499364,  7.6961002039, -0.7952315019, -6.1365934617, -4.1261498917,  6.3585501702,  1.1897474893,  3.5585089605, ..., 
+ {-9.4115253654,  1.0408744899, -5.1950499364,  7.6961002039, -0.7952315019, -6.1365934617, -4.1261498917,  6.3585501702,  1.1897474893,  3.5585089605, ...,
   -4.2357610156, -4.7203856627,  3.8147645182,  6.6567306578,  1.8478314906, -0.6695482385,  3.4731996107, -2.1704128909,  4.0420874091,  9.3139529141},
- {-8.1898023489, -8.8374973132,  1.7603482476,  5.0234750844,  0.2263477806,  8.4100238586, -3.9207180445, -0.139945379 ,  9.5872069321, -3.5298347424, ..., 
+ {-8.1898023489, -8.8374973132,  1.7603482476,  5.0234750844,  0.2263477806,  8.4100238586, -3.9207180445, -0.139945379 ,  9.5872069321, -3.5298347424, ...,
    3.5046670094,  3.9875929331, -0.8080616344, -8.6053016645,  9.9596034323,  2.7550191523, -8.6369483274, -7.0772591799,  6.7782654526, -4.4561017137},
- { 0.7890194329, -8.3913445067,  1.3269347791, -2.7503017751, -3.6357272732,  3.0704652279, -2.9019400135,  4.3051361271,  2.5656298621,  9.3502266157, ..., 
+ { 0.7890194329, -8.3913445067,  1.3269347791, -2.7503017751, -3.6357272732,  3.0704652279, -2.9019400135,  4.3051361271,  2.5656298621,  9.3502266157, ...,
    2.5694116162, -1.4108075651, -7.4179767494, -2.5672834157,  5.4803960597,  4.8477269726, -8.6492687081,  4.1365841284, -3.6037635514,  9.6100473723},
- {-6.8688488358, -5.9147360722, -0.3254980504, -0.4432930783, -8.6451064241,  0.4825582218,  6.4742113124, -1.5333826165,  1.6238035236,  5.0456922596, ..., 
+ {-6.8688488358, -5.9147360722, -0.3254980504, -0.4432930783, -8.6451064241,  0.4825582218,  6.4742113124, -1.5333826165,  1.6238035236,  5.0456922596, ...,
   -8.907970271 ,  0.18649803  , -9.9543102044, -6.2819204702,  5.3891564207, -3.3120201622, -4.3563841708, -2.219026429 ,  1.3871931164,  1.2869286246},
- {-6.3042710386, -7.8792950167,  4.8002785251,  5.9913866833,  6.2776804059,  9.7214889689,  5.4955589139,  5.6252921014,  7.577437609 ,  7.257547502 , ..., 
+ {-6.3042710386, -7.8792950167,  4.8002785251,  5.9913866833,  6.2776804059,  9.7214889689,  5.4955589139,  5.6252921014,  7.577437609 ,  7.257547502 , ...,
    8.5663364244,  6.7513786277,  4.5776524274,  1.9506977271,  3.0531497184,  4.2059602795,  3.0692081464, -0.3337777986, -1.1924831894,  5.5755222404},
- {-9.9360143174, -7.8252918939,  0.9357223565, -0.4318962485, -7.4969360956,  8.7757765577,  5.490149909 , -2.9660779553,  5.2321713202,  3.1286268453, ..., 
+ {-9.9360143174, -7.8252918939,  0.9357223565, -0.4318962485, -7.4969360956,  8.7757765577,  5.490149909 , -2.9660779553,  5.2321713202,  3.1286268453, ...,
   -0.7865411543,  7.0944427163, -8.5003798672, -0.9705943392,  4.8865678277,  2.4922847975, -8.259579232 ,  4.8378875582,  0.5414670781,  1.876758001 },
- { 1.293892469 ,  7.8727186438, -4.972623397 , -3.5229320218,  3.3804633975,  5.8755820434, -7.2976530169, -2.5884345174,  3.4962291201,  2.5881180456, ..., 
+ { 1.293892469 ,  7.8727186438, -4.972623397 , -3.5229320218,  3.3804633975,  5.8755820434, -7.2976530169, -2.5884345174,  3.4962291201,  2.5881180456, ...,
   -8.3196069801, -5.8129397724,  3.5503994193,  1.912760341 , -2.9211608073, -1.0535730789,  9.0423519795,  2.0698228727,  0.6368620153,  6.9564823215},
- { 3.9358404762,  0.5809243981, -0.9498240938,  6.898440392 , -5.4818767592, -5.0017919505, -2.9829227958,  5.7145039411, -8.1874937034, -9.2677064906, ..., 
+ { 3.9358404762,  0.5809243981, -0.9498240938,  6.898440392 , -5.4818767592, -5.0017919505, -2.9829227958,  5.7145039411, -8.1874937034, -9.2677064906, ...,
    2.0794398741,  2.4170323022,  7.8038475493, -7.7127253907,  7.2106577371,  7.7389202457,  1.6675980486,  8.4511451276,  3.792580503 , -6.1656516322},
- { 9.0866831126,  5.9443540369,  7.1534989647, -7.508772471 , -8.0987910974,  3.4886813262,  2.1691338193, -2.2854097703, -6.8156659851, -0.1224009932, ..., 
+ { 9.0866831126,  5.9443540369,  7.1534989647, -7.508772471 , -8.0987910974,  3.4886813262,  2.1691338193, -2.2854097703, -6.8156659851, -0.1224009932, ...,
   -4.4368127712,  1.0803095673, -3.7147775314,  6.4971630142,  8.3919628599,  4.0877859866,  4.8276491821, -1.742215113 , -8.597945096 ,  6.8729988406},
- ..., 
- {-3.151856391 ,  2.4390118942,  9.8334549245,  2.8587256739, -4.083950175 , -6.1374355029,  0.7666708995,  8.8843617064, -4.0865416894,  3.460927625 , ..., 
+ ...,
+ {-3.151856391 ,  2.4390118942,  9.8334549245,  2.8587256739, -4.083950175 , -6.1374355029,  0.7666708995,  8.8843617064, -4.0865416894,  3.460927625 , ...,
    9.1923774994,  2.2861329136,  8.9983777704, -7.9231060177, -0.9049750831,  4.4464730624, -5.4762394472,  7.8770915099,  5.7033579537,  0.016548383 },
- {-2.4788852044,  1.1656576499,  6.5928665383, -6.1366555538, -8.6411857519,  5.2052450675, -3.5959077694,  3.3344935488, -2.2047991068,  9.3559814814, ..., 
+ {-2.4788852044,  1.1656576499,  6.5928665383, -6.1366555538, -8.6411857519,  5.2052450675, -3.5959077694,  3.3344935488, -2.2047991068,  9.3559814814, ...,
   -7.4537355115, -7.1201607588,  2.3992745913, -5.6769048416, -1.108305959 ,  6.1092005967, -3.526292617 , -3.031207394 , -3.2672616002,  6.2747284327},
- { 1.2279588003, -3.6163419543, -2.0786564667, -5.1491621651,  4.8967947546,  2.0128427608,  6.5801679558, -7.7133407724,  1.2911925826, -4.3470470189, ..., 
+ { 1.2279588003, -3.6163419543, -2.0786564667, -5.1491621651,  4.8967947546,  2.0128427608,  6.5801679558, -7.7133407724,  1.2911925826, -4.3470470189, ...,
    2.4885760741,  0.516281461 ,  2.0317043678,  9.8593572754,  9.39050558  , -6.5182817973, -6.2139035714, -6.892220281 , -4.4423667759,  0.2460085642},
- { 1.1550892391, -9.9888950269,  3.6677261546, -1.9225639445, -3.9742847089,  9.8369094525,  1.0094657806,  7.0237851259,  4.7613542349, -2.5126619176, ..., 
+ { 1.1550892391, -9.9888950269,  3.6677261546, -1.9225639445, -3.9742847089,  9.8369094525,  1.0094657806,  7.0237851259,  4.7613542349, -2.5126619176, ...,
   -8.4162629587, -3.24552804  , -3.5550699051,  8.5579495749,  4.0636289088, -3.1650726073,  4.791227718 , -6.6433645946,  6.1247442938, -2.3697889754},
- { 0.1790187416,  3.7869978784, -3.7214265386, -5.430811068 ,  0.0320440687,  7.9734318597, -8.3428800195,  8.4875692138, -8.0981588233,  5.1545232452, ..., 
+ { 0.1790187416,  3.7869978784, -3.7214265386, -5.430811068 ,  0.0320440687,  7.9734318597, -8.3428800195,  8.4875692138, -8.0981588233,  5.1545232452, ...,
    6.2912773739,  4.9564293744,  0.0382712411, -0.2348270118, -8.732937865 ,  8.8921533464, -2.630946671 ,  3.0153719251,  9.9166161566, -6.6299812283},
- { 9.1449987496,  2.4201323765,  5.8399717306,  8.0367330041, -9.7451837364,  1.6830851238, -2.1287651061, -6.8869386991, -3.0261938917,  9.1932040255, ..., 
+ { 9.1449987496,  2.4201323765,  5.8399717306,  8.0367330041, -9.7451837364,  1.6830851238, -2.1287651061, -6.8869386991, -3.0261938917,  9.1932040255, ...,
   -1.4246246026,  9.4138344923, -4.0763188341, -7.8716496381, -4.5449281491, -1.0316709948, -7.7429029029, -5.8385824545, -1.6484059172,  7.6987670572},
- {-3.2993450647,  0.1656660217, -5.741487258 ,  7.6658710517,  7.4421535525, -8.7237405417, -1.6565722798, -9.5092800257, -2.9103572582, -9.0512625226, ..., 
+ {-3.2993450647,  0.1656660217, -5.741487258 ,  7.6658710517,  7.4421535525, -8.7237405417, -1.6565722798, -9.5092800257, -2.9103572582, -9.0512625226, ...,
    0.956576245 , -2.1176214529,  1.224063253 ,  9.4574798674,  1.5253960498,  9.0468728933,  1.4632485328,  5.388738737 , -5.0804525812,  9.9405982276},
- {-3.8595565152,  3.9711250838, -0.7466613442, -7.8472288594, -9.7060944334,  5.8814551806,  1.5839099422, -3.2811630355, -2.5670295888, -2.2946266962, ..., 
+ {-3.8595565152,  3.9711250838, -0.7466613442, -7.8472288594, -9.7060944334,  5.8814551806,  1.5839099422, -3.2811630355, -2.5670295888, -2.2946266962, ...,
   -8.3226376255, -6.1266055234, -8.53220412  ,  0.0712064945, -8.6836749392,  1.1484328631, -9.9792581277, -7.8110753489,  9.4993486219,  6.8471466225},
- { 4.0164446191,  2.6124123025,  3.009438323 , -5.5299690191, -4.4891102742,  5.137638025 ,  5.7287509146, -2.275257769 ,  5.6551393668, -5.2959856257, ..., 
+ { 4.0164446191,  2.6124123025,  3.009438323 , -5.5299690191, -4.4891102742,  5.137638025 ,  5.7287509146, -2.275257769 ,  5.6551393668, -5.2959856257, ...,
   -0.671183266 ,  6.450851233 ,  1.0147749194, -4.3992512334, -5.7095954354,  7.7680651531,  2.5030521106,  6.6729805346,  5.0310323451, -7.5703964152},
- { 0.5886834152,  4.6679436689, -8.592678009 , -7.6868968194,  7.1161214125, -1.4239915896,  6.2509497685,  8.4953751982,  9.7493446122,  7.2939809954, ..., 
-   5.6044133488, -4.1291454101, -8.28053945  ,  3.5683828275, -1.2860306048, -9.0687648703,  3.8310462403, -9.0213947232,  2.1923222357, -6.3506701839}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ { 0.5886834152,  4.6679436689, -8.592678009 , -7.6868968194,  7.1161214125, -1.4239915896,  6.2509497685,  8.4953751982,  9.7493446122,  7.2939809954, ...,
+   5.6044133488, -4.1291454101, -8.28053945  ,  3.5683828275, -1.2860306048, -9.0687648703,  3.8310462403, -9.0213947232,  2.1923222357, -6.3506701839}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_nan_inf.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_nan_inf.txt
index 9ec4ef128..4223869a1 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_nan_inf.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_nan_inf.txt
@@ -1,80 +1,80 @@
-{{ 4.259106, -1.430581,  3.817697,  4.383006, -0.177621,  5.600555, 
-  -1.781513,  1.593886, -7.200985, -1.979649,  2.54634 , -3.516982, 
-  -5.104814,  3.895104,  1.878048,  2.63584 , -1.194856, -8.32547 , 
+{{ 4.259106, -1.430581,  3.817697,  4.383006, -0.177621,  5.600555,
+  -1.781513,  1.593886, -7.200985, -1.979649,  2.54634 , -3.516982,
+  -5.104814,  3.895104,  1.878048,  2.63584 , -1.194856, -8.32547 ,
    4.246604, -1.44273 },
- {-4.04439 , -1.      ,  1.      , -2.845422, -1.655801,  3.094426, 
-  -2.523971, -5.309743,  9.759906,  5.319919,  5.540089, -9.440361, 
-  -6.52187 , -6.918355, -8.45827 ,  7.797314,  5.007574,  3.868065, 
+ {-4.04439 , -1.      ,  1.      , -2.845422, -1.655801,  3.094426,
+  -2.523971, -5.309743,  9.759906,  5.319919,  5.540089, -9.440361,
+  -6.52187 , -6.918355, -8.45827 ,  7.797314,  5.007574,  3.868065,
    0.235268, -0.714639},
- { 1.368614, -3.949011,       inf,      -inf,  8.333974, -7.821421, 
-  -0.090164, -5.343281, -1.262787,  5.03086 , -0.382158,  5.954568, 
-  -4.345941, -1.331635, -9.804853, -3.18408 ,  3.78544 ,  7.387386, 
+ { 1.368614, -3.949011,       inf,      -inf,  8.333974, -7.821421,
+  -0.090164, -5.343281, -1.262787,  5.03086 , -0.382158,  5.954568,
+  -4.345941, -1.331635, -9.804853, -3.18408 ,  3.78544 ,  7.387386,
   -4.643924, -0.865042},
- {-4.634374,  6.741056, -4.589707,  0.60124 , -6.492547, -3.700671, 
-   7.822182, -6.393274, -0.113676, -5.754038,  0.417537, -6.798001, 
-   8.381136,  9.885798, -0.459049, -3.80233 ,  0.144086, -4.384136, 
+ {-4.634374,  6.741056, -4.589707,  0.60124 , -6.492547, -3.700671,
+   7.822182, -6.393274, -0.113676, -5.754038,  0.417537, -6.798001,
+   8.381136,  9.885798, -0.459049, -3.80233 ,  0.144086, -4.384136,
    5.276734, -7.829154},
- { 0.233094,  8.195388, -5.63248 , -2.737919,       nan,  4.227836, 
-  -2.141112, -5.37397 , -2.396506,  0.983242,  1.134381, -9.917307, 
-   2.76045 , -8.84704 , -9.139462,  7.501023, -4.148248,  5.255353, 
+ { 0.233094,  8.195388, -5.63248 , -2.737919,       nan,  4.227836,
+  -2.141112, -5.37397 , -2.396506,  0.983242,  1.134381, -9.917307,
+   2.76045 , -8.84704 , -9.139462,  7.501023, -4.148248,  5.255353,
   -2.642695,  7.470045},
- {-9.411525,  1.040874, -5.19505 ,  7.6961  , -0.795232, -6.136593, 
-  -4.12615 ,  6.35855 ,  1.189747,  3.558509,  6.182534,  7.371443, 
-  -1.640151, -8.821237, -0.43082 ,  0.423189,  1.61264 , -3.81602 , 
+ {-9.411525,  1.040874, -5.19505 ,  7.6961  , -0.795232, -6.136593,
+  -4.12615 ,  6.35855 ,  1.189747,  3.558509,  6.182534,  7.371443,
+  -1.640151, -8.821237, -0.43082 ,  0.423189,  1.61264 , -3.81602 ,
    8.397652,  3.10695 },
- {-3.015172,  0.821881, -1.018932, -4.353581, -4.08247 ,  1.26962 , 
-   4.303826,  0.352374, -2.959163,  2.655577,  7.462381, -6.642231, 
-   9.749566, -3.011701,  6.524103, -8.690769, -9.892934,  7.738893, 
+ {-3.015172,  0.821881, -1.018932, -4.353581, -4.08247 ,  1.26962 ,
+   4.303826,  0.352374, -2.959163,  2.655577,  7.462381, -6.642231,
+   9.749566, -3.011701,  6.524103, -8.690769, -9.892934,  7.738893,
    8.226363, -6.011844},
- {-9.448972,  6.346698, -5.163448, -8.87834 , -8.648783, -0.522563, 
-   0.188585, -1.664097, -4.883141, -2.369758,  6.147689,  6.220783, 
-   3.723737,  9.852273, -1.896296, -6.196526, -0.23651 ,  0.047393, 
+ {-9.448972,  6.346698, -5.163448, -8.87834 , -8.648783, -0.522563,
+   0.188585, -1.664097, -4.883141, -2.369758,  6.147689,  6.220783,
+   3.723737,  9.852273, -1.896296, -6.196526, -0.23651 ,  0.047393,
   -1.932904, -6.378091},
- {-9.039404,  2.093827, -4.681776,  7.62694 ,  1.680922, -0.45079 , 
-  -6.5697  , -8.8676  , -6.859295, -3.22765 , -1.187141,  3.676862, 
-  -5.882566,  2.328674,  8.489432, -8.407435, -0.292063,  3.971273, 
+ {-9.039404,  2.093827, -4.681776,  7.62694 ,  1.680922, -0.45079 ,
+  -6.5697  , -8.8676  , -6.859295, -3.22765 , -1.187141,  3.676862,
+  -5.882566,  2.328674,  8.489432, -8.407435, -0.292063,  3.971273,
   -8.36863 ,  7.382047},
- {-1.337886, -0.113399, -0.085191, -2.585558,  8.442573,  6.825565, 
-   3.110518, -0.746299,  1.300226, -1.52169 , -4.235761, -4.720386, 
-   3.814765,  6.656731,  1.847831, -0.669548,  3.4732  , -2.170413, 
+ {-1.337886, -0.113399, -0.085191, -2.585558,  8.442573,  6.825565,
+   3.110518, -0.746299,  1.300226, -1.52169 , -4.235761, -4.720386,
+   3.814765,  6.656731,  1.847831, -0.669548,  3.4732  , -2.170413,
    4.042087,  9.313953},
- {-8.189802, -8.837497,  1.760348,  5.023475,  0.226348,  8.410024, 
-  -3.920718, -0.139945,  9.587207, -3.529835, -6.208657, -3.895418, 
-  -3.117761,  3.590606, -8.9237  ,  6.132075,  2.059004,  3.104264, 
+ {-8.189802, -8.837497,  1.760348,  5.023475,  0.226348,  8.410024,
+  -3.920718, -0.139945,  9.587207, -3.529835, -6.208657, -3.895418,
+  -3.117761,  3.590606, -8.9237  ,  6.132075,  2.059004,  3.104264,
    4.953196,  0.712524},
- {-7.81687 , -0.076074, -6.553148,  3.679784,  0.596504,  2.504485, 
-  -3.69714 , -0.169787,  6.402841, -7.347591, -7.57381 , -1.075701, 
-  -9.181317, -3.989666, -1.812192, -2.549612, -3.200597,  6.251402, 
+ {-7.81687 , -0.076074, -6.553148,  3.679784,  0.596504,  2.504485,
+  -3.69714 , -0.169787,  6.402841, -7.347591, -7.57381 , -1.075701,
+  -9.181317, -3.989666, -1.812192, -2.549612, -3.200597,  6.251402,
    0.564111,  1.076542},
- {-7.655863,  5.692096, -1.308276, -8.455545, -6.363769,  0.420217, 
-  -0.413317, -3.72915 , -8.006616,  1.931053, -5.036602,  2.086803, 
-  -3.897727,  7.946099,  1.640307,  4.249848,  3.672309,  8.932418, 
+ {-7.655863,  5.692096, -1.308276, -8.455545, -6.363769,  0.420217,
+  -0.413317, -3.72915 , -8.006616,  1.931053, -5.036602,  2.086803,
+  -3.897727,  7.946099,  1.640307,  4.249848,  3.672309,  8.932418,
    8.264625, -8.974902},
- {-2.39369 ,  1.277131, -7.348525,  1.502706, -3.548645,  9.678551, 
-   1.513316,  2.594553, -1.979754,  4.892601, -1.976282,  5.309503, 
-   9.648625, -6.637665, -0.508106,  0.97881 , -1.277853, -4.065374, 
+ {-2.39369 ,  1.277131, -7.348525,  1.502706, -3.548645,  9.678551,
+   1.513316,  2.594553, -1.979754,  4.892601, -1.976282,  5.309503,
+   9.648625, -6.637665, -0.508106,  0.97881 , -1.277853, -4.065374,
   -2.128725,  6.761622},
- { 3.032851,  9.077939, -0.459995,  7.577871,  5.844156, -4.69285 , 
-   5.248765,  6.454728, -2.940153,  9.48464 ,  3.504667,  3.987593, 
-  -0.808062, -8.605302,  9.959603,  2.755019, -8.636948, -7.077259, 
+ { 3.032851,  9.077939, -0.459995,  7.577871,  5.844156, -4.69285 ,
+   5.248765,  6.454728, -2.940153,  9.48464 ,  3.504667,  3.987593,
+  -0.808062, -8.605302,  9.959603,  2.755019, -8.636948, -7.077259,
    6.778265, -4.456102},
- { 0.789019, -8.391345,  1.326935, -2.750302, -3.635727,  3.070465, 
-  -2.90194 ,  4.305136,  2.56563 ,  9.350227, -4.37165 , -5.072099, 
-  -8.449633,  7.84151 , -9.3091  , -0.170497, -9.981909,  7.783972, 
+ { 0.789019, -8.391345,  1.326935, -2.750302, -3.635727,  3.070465,
+  -2.90194 ,  4.305136,  2.56563 ,  9.350227, -4.37165 , -5.072099,
+  -8.449633,  7.84151 , -9.3091  , -0.170497, -9.981909,  7.783972,
   -3.212051,  2.616364},
- {-3.385869,  7.779795,  4.586448, -8.113584,  4.134024,  7.608333, 
-   0.810756,  9.514617, -0.599935, -9.215927,  0.269787,  0.436816, 
-   1.589945,  6.745015, -2.984754,  8.22778 , -1.991758, -2.205407, 
+ {-3.385869,  7.779795,  4.586448, -8.113584,  4.134024,  7.608333,
+   0.810756,  9.514617, -0.599935, -9.215927,  0.269787,  0.436816,
+   1.589945,  6.745015, -2.984754,  8.22778 , -1.991758, -2.205407,
   -1.954704, -7.920165},
- {-0.681457,  2.961423, -4.046124,  7.84679 , -0.428581, -4.352744, 
-  -1.629202, -1.682069,  5.426159,  4.759028, -0.535463,  0.037947, 
-   6.713306,  4.397586,  0.211848,  4.890704, -3.313785,  0.839388, 
+ {-0.681457,  2.961423, -4.046124,  7.84679 , -0.428581, -4.352744,
+  -1.629202, -1.682069,  5.426159,  4.759028, -0.535463,  0.037947,
+   6.713306,  4.397586,  0.211848,  4.890704, -3.313785,  0.839388,
    1.601047, -8.551511},
- { 3.58872 ,  4.407113,  1.049608,  0.099257, -8.345609,  1.612125, 
-   2.578687,  1.733626,  4.454039, -8.312231,  9.610947, -7.572344, 
-  -7.769007,  0.116085, -1.100301, -6.350003, -1.589225,  7.378157, 
+ { 3.58872 ,  4.407113,  1.049608,  0.099257, -8.345609,  1.612125,
+   2.578687,  1.733626,  4.454039, -8.312231,  9.610947, -7.572344,
+  -7.769007,  0.116085, -1.100301, -6.350003, -1.589225,  7.378157,
    5.114439, -7.273815},
- {-6.417325,  1.029412,  1.246413, -1.370279, -2.788699,  0.373218, 
-  -1.76683 , -9.41086 , -8.920649, -7.659411,  2.569412, -1.410808, 
-  -7.417977, -2.567283,  5.480396,  4.847727, -8.649269,  4.136584, 
-  -3.603764,  9.610047}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {-6.417325,  1.029412,  1.246413, -1.370279, -2.788699,  0.373218,
+  -1.76683 , -9.41086 , -8.920649, -7.659411,  2.569412, -1.410808,
+  -7.417977, -2.567283,  5.480396,  4.847727, -8.649269,  4.136584,
+  -3.603764,  9.610047}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_strings.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_strings.txt
index 403e0c9cd..f6fa0599d 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_strings.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/random_strings.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 {{          some,         random,         boring},
- {       strings,             in, xtensor xarray}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {       strings,             in, xtensor xarray}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/threed_double.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/threed_double.txt
index 5681e8d9a..a30f611c3 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/threed_double.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/threed_double.txt
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
  {{  5.,  26.},
   {  7.,   8.},
   { 10.,   8.},
-  {  4.,   3.}}}
\ No newline at end of file
+  {  4.,   3.}}}
diff --git a/test/files/xio_expected_results/twod_double.txt b/test/files/xio_expected_results/twod_double.txt
index 5bb17fbc8..5b48af392 100644
--- a/test/files/xio_expected_results/twod_double.txt
+++ b/test/files/xio_expected_results/twod_double.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {{  1.,   2.,   3.,   4.},
  {  5.,   6.,   7.,   8.},
- {  9.,  10.,  11.,  12.}}
\ No newline at end of file
+ {  9.,  10.,  11.,  12.}}
diff --git a/test/test_common_macros.hpp b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
index f2c45d5db..0238a85d5 100644
--- a/test/test_common_macros.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
@@ -62,5 +62,5 @@
 
 #define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_TEST_APPLY(ID, TEST_FUNC)\
     TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(ID, augment_t<std::decay_t<decltype(TEST_FUNC())>>)
-    
+
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
index e7e9f2cd9..3d333050d 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
@@ -118,23 +118,23 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a1
         xarray<long> py_a1 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13}},
-                             
+
                               {{14,15,16,17,18,19,20}},
-                             
+
                               {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27}},
-                             
+
                               {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34}}};
         // py_a2
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{{28,30,32,34,36,38,40}},
-                             
+
                                {{35,37,39,41,43,45,47}},
-                             
+
                                {{42,44,46,48,50,52,54}},
-                             
+
                                {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27}},
-                             
+
                                {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34}}}};
         // py_b1
         xarray<long> py_b1 = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6};
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.1394938606520418,0.2921446485352182,0.3663618432936917,
                                    0.4560699842170359,0.7851759613930136,0.1996737821583597,
                                    0.5142344384136116}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.5924145688620425,0.0464504127199977,0.6075448519014384,
                                    0.1705241236872915,0.0650515929852795,0.9488855372533332,
                                    0.9656320330745594},
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.184854455525527 ,0.9695846277645586,0.7751328233611146,
                                    0.9394989415641891,0.8948273504276488,0.5978999788110851,
                                    0.9218742350231168}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.0884925020519195,0.1959828624191452,0.0452272889105381,
                                    0.3253303307632643,0.388677289689482 ,0.2713490317738959,
                                    0.8287375091519293},
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.0740446517340904,0.3584657285442726,0.1158690595251297,
                                    0.8631034258755935,0.6232981268275579,0.3308980248526492,
                                    0.0635583502860236}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.3109823217156622,0.325183322026747 ,0.7296061783380641,
                                    0.6375574713552131,0.8872127425763265,0.4722149251619493,
                                    0.1195942459383017},
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.2492922291488749,0.4103829230356297,0.7555511385430487,
                                    0.2287981654916225,0.076979909828793 ,0.289751452913768 ,
                                    0.1612212872540044}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.9296976523425731,0.808120379564417 ,0.6334037565104235,
                                    0.8714605901877177,0.8036720768991145,0.1865700588860358,
                                    0.8925589984899778},
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.337615171403628 ,0.9429097039125192,0.3232029320207552,
                                    0.5187906217433661,0.7030189588951778,0.363629602379294 ,
                                    0.9717820827209607}}},
-                               
-                               
+
+
                                 {{{0.9624472949421112,0.2517822958253642,0.4972485058923855,
                                    0.3008783098167697,0.2848404943774676,0.0368869473545328,
                                    0.6095643339798968},
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.6323058305935795,0.6335297107608947,0.5357746840747585,
                                    0.0902897700544083,0.835302495589238 ,0.3207800649717358,
                                    0.1865185103998542}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.0407751415547639,0.5908929431882418,0.6775643618422824,
                                    0.0165878289278562,0.512093058299281 ,0.226495775197938 ,
                                    0.6451727904094499},
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.2418522909004517,0.0931027678058992,0.8972157579533268,
                                    0.9004180571633305,0.6331014572732679,0.3390297910487007,
                                    0.3492095746126609}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.7259556788702394,0.8971102599525771,0.8870864242651173,
                                    0.7798755458576239,0.6420316461542878,0.0841399649950488,
                                    0.1616287140946138},
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.7464914051180241,0.6496328990472147,0.8492234104941779,
                                    0.6576128923003434,0.5683086033354716,0.0936747678280925,
                                    0.3677158030594335}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.2652023676817254,0.2439896433790836,0.9730105547524456,
                                    0.3930977246667604,0.8920465551771133,0.6311386259972629,
                                    0.7948113035416484},
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ namespace xt
                                   {0.9283185625877254,0.4281841483173143,0.9666548190436696,
                                    0.9636199770892528,0.8530094554673601,0.2944488920695857,
                                    0.3850977286019253}},
-                               
+
                                  {{0.8511366715168569,0.3169220051562777,0.1694927466860925,
                                    0.5568012624583502,0.936154774160781 ,0.696029796674973 ,
                                    0.570061170089365 },
@@ -274,39 +274,39 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<long> a1_a2 = py_a1 + py_a2;
         // py_a1_a2
         xarray<long> py_a1_a2 = {{{{28,31,34,37,40,43,46}},
-                                
+
                                   {{42,45,48,51,54,57,60}},
-                                
+
                                   {{56,59,62,65,68,71,74}},
-                                
+
                                   {{42,44,46,48,50,52,54}},
-                                
+
                                   {{56,58,60,62,64,66,68}}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a1_a2, py_a1_a2);
 
         xt::xarray<long> b1_a1 = py_b1 + py_a1;
         // py_b1_a1
         xarray<long> py_b1_a1 = {{{ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12}},
-                                
+
                                  {{ 7, 9,11,13,15,17,19}},
-                                
+
                                  {{14,16,18,20,22,24,26}},
-                                
+
                                  {{21,23,25,27,29,31,33}},
-                                
+
                                  {{28,30,32,34,36,38,40}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(b1_a1, py_b1_a1);
 
         xt::xarray<long> a1_b2 = py_a1 + py_b2;
         // py_a1_b2
         xarray<long> py_a1_b2 = {{{{ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12}},
-                                
+
                                   {{ 7, 9,11,13,15,17,19}},
-                                
+
                                   {{14,16,18,20,22,24,26}},
-                                
+
                                   {{21,23,25,27,29,31,33}},
-                                
+
                                   {{28,30,32,34,36,38,40}}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a1_b2, py_a1_b2);
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {28.139493860652042,30.292144648535217,32.36636184329369 ,
                                       34.45606998421704 ,36.785175961393016,38.19967378215836 ,
                                       40.51423443841361 }},
-                                  
+
                                     {{35.59241456886204 ,37.04645041272    ,39.60754485190144 ,
                                       41.170524123687294,43.06505159298528 ,45.94888553725333 ,
                                       47.965632033074556},
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {35.184854455525524,37.96958462776456 ,39.77513282336111 ,
                                       41.93949894156419 ,43.89482735042765 ,45.597899978811085,
                                       47.92187423502312 }},
-                                  
+
                                     {{42.08849250205192 ,44.19598286241914 ,46.04522728891054 ,
                                       48.325330330763265,50.38867728968948 ,52.271349031773894,
                                       54.82873750915193 },
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {42.07404465173409 ,44.358465728544274,46.11586905952513 ,
                                       48.86310342587559 ,50.62329812682756 ,52.33089802485265 ,
                                       54.06355835028602 }},
-                                  
+
                                     {{21.310982321715663,22.325183322026746,23.729606178338063,
                                       24.637557471355212,25.887212742576327,26.47221492516195 ,
                                       27.119594245938302},
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {21.249292229148875,22.41038292303563 ,23.755551138543048,
                                       24.22879816549162 ,25.076979909828793,26.28975145291377 ,
                                       27.161221287254005}},
-                                  
+
                                     {{28.929697652342572,29.808120379564418,30.633403756510422,
                                       31.871460590187716,32.80367207689911 ,33.18657005888603 ,
                                       34.892558998489974},
@@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ namespace xt
                                      {28.337615171403627,29.94290970391252 ,30.323202932020756,
                                       31.518790621743367,32.70301895889518 ,33.36362960237929 ,
                                       34.971782082720964}}},
-                                  
-                                  
+
+
                                    {{{28.962447294942113,30.251782295825365,32.49724850589239 ,
                                       34.30087830981677 ,36.28484049437747 ,38.03688694735453 ,
                                       40.6095643339799  },
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {28.63230583059358 ,30.633529710760893,32.53577468407476 ,
                                       34.09028977005441 ,36.83530249558924 ,38.320780064971736,
                                       40.18651851039986 }},
-                                  
+
                                     {{35.04077514155476 ,37.590892943188244,39.67756436184228 ,
                                       41.016587828927854,43.51209305829928 ,45.22649577519794 ,
                                       47.64517279040945 },
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {35.241852290900454,37.0931027678059  ,39.897215757953326,
                                       41.90041805716333 ,43.63310145727327 ,45.3390297910487  ,
                                       47.34920957461266 }},
-                                  
+
                                     {{42.72595567887024 ,44.897110259952576,46.88708642426512 ,
                                       48.77987554585762 ,50.64203164615429 ,52.084139964995046,
                                       54.16162871409461 },
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {42.74649140511802 ,44.64963289904721 ,46.849223410494176,
                                       48.65761289230034 ,50.568308603335474,52.09367476782809 ,
                                       54.36771580305943 }},
-                                  
+
                                     {{21.265202367681724,22.243989643379084,23.973010554752445,
                                       24.39309772466676 ,25.892046555177114,26.631138625997263,
                                       27.79481130354165 },
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ namespace xt
                                      {21.928318562587727,22.428184148317314,23.96665481904367 ,
                                       24.96361997708925 ,25.85300945546736 ,26.294448892069585,
                                       27.385097728601924}},
-                                  
+
                                     {{28.85113667151686 ,29.31692200515628 ,30.169492746686092,
                                       31.55680126245835 ,32.936154774160784,33.69602979667497 ,
                                       34.57006117008937 },
@@ -471,19 +471,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a0 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
                                {  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
                                { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
                                { 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34},
                                { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
                                { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
                                { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
                                { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
                                { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
                                { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
                                { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
@@ -499,19 +499,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{  0,  1,  0,  3,  4,  5,  6},
                                {  7,  8,  1, 10, 11, 12, 13},
                                { 14, 15,  2, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 21, 22,  3, 24, 25, 26, 27},
                                { 28, 29,  4, 31, 32, 33, 34},
                                { 35, 36,  5, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 42, 43,  6, 45, 46, 47, 48},
                                { 49, 50,  7, 52, 53, 54, 55},
                                { 56, 57,  8, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 63, 64,  9, 66, 67, 68, 69},
                                { 70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76},
                                { 77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 84, 85, 12, 87, 88, 89, 90},
                                { 91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97},
                                { 98, 99, 14,101,102,103,104}}};
@@ -520,13 +520,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         // py_ar2
         xarray<long> py_ar2 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13}},
-                              
+
                                {{14,15,16,17,18,19,20}},
-                              
+
                                {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27}},
-                              
+
                                {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34}}};
         xt::xarray<long> ar2 = py_ar2;
         view(a, all(), 0, newaxis(), all()) = ar2;
@@ -535,19 +535,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a3 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
                                {  7,  8,  1, 10, 11, 12, 13},
                                { 14, 15,  2, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
-                             
+
                               {{  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
                                { 28, 29,  4, 31, 32, 33, 34},
                                { 35, 36,  5, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20},
                                { 49, 50,  7, 52, 53, 54, 55},
                                { 56, 57,  8, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
                                { 70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76},
                                { 77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34},
                                { 91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97},
                                { 98, 99, 14,101,102,103,104}}};
@@ -558,19 +558,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a4 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
                                { 7, 8, 1,10,11,12,13},
                                { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13},
                                {28,29, 4,31,32,33,34},
                                { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
-                             
+
                               {{14,15,16,17,18,19,20},
                                {49,50, 7,52,53,54,55},
                                { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
-                             
+
                               {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27},
                                {70,71,10,73,74,75,76},
                                { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
-                             
+
                               {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34},
                                {91,92,13,94,95,96,97},
                                { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}};
@@ -583,19 +583,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_ax1 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
                                 {  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
                                 { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
-                              
+
                                {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
                                 { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
                                 { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
                                 { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
                                 { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
                                 { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
                                 { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
@@ -608,19 +608,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_ax2 = {{{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
-                              
+
                                {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
                                 { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
                                 { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
                                 { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
                                 { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
                                 { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
                                 { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
@@ -632,19 +632,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_ax4 = {{{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
-                              
+
                                {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
-                              
+
                                {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
-                              
+
                                {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
-                              
+
                                {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
@@ -656,19 +656,19 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_ax3 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
                                 {  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
                                 { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
-                              
+
                                {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                                 { 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34},
                                 { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
                                 { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
                                 { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
                                 { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
                                 { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
-                              
+
                                {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
                                 { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
                                 { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a0 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3},
                                { 4, 5, 6, 7},
                                { 8, 9,10,11}},
-                             
+
                               {{12,13,14,15},
                                {16,17,18,19},
                                {20,21,22,23}}};
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ namespace xt
                               { 8, 9,10,11}};
         // py_a2
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{0,1,2,3}},
-                             
+
                               {{4,5,6,7}}};
         // py_a3
         xarray<long> py_a3 = {{{0,1,2,3}}};
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a0_cp1 = {{{ 0, 2, 4, 6},
                                    { 9,11,13,15},
                                    {18,20,22,24}},
-                                 
+
                                   {{24,26,28,30},
                                    {33,35,37,39},
                                    {42,44,46,48}}};
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a0_cp2 = {{{   0,  14,  56, 126},
                                    { 261, 396, 559, 750},
                                    {1044,1300,1584,1896}},
-                                 
+
                                   {{  24,  26,  28,  30},
                                    {  33,  35,  37,  39},
                                    {  42,  44,  46,  48}}};
@@ -741,11 +741,11 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_x0 = {{{ 0, 1},
                                { 2, 3},
                                { 4, 5}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 6, 7},
                                { 8, 9},
                                {10,11}},
-                             
+
                               {{12,13},
                                {14,15},
                                {16,17}}};
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a0_cp3 = {{{   6,  14,   7, 126},
                                    {   8, 396,   9, 750},
                                    {  10,1300,  11,1896}},
-                                 
+
                                   {{  24,  26,  28,  30},
                                    {  33,  35,  37,  39},
                                    {  42,  44,  46,  48}}};
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
index 5defe0686..ed6562b33 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -171,4 +171,3 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(count, xt::cast<double>(py_count));
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
index f942922a4..0598d763e 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
@@ -87,4 +87,3 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(f, py_f));
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
index 6b285fdd7..b158006bf 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.8083973481164611,0.3046137691733707,0.0976721140063839,
                                   0.6842330265121569,0.4401524937396013,0.1220382348447788,
                                   0.4951769101112702}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.0343885211152184,0.9093204020787821,0.2587799816000169,
                                   0.662522284353982 ,0.311711076089411 ,0.5200680211778108,
                                   0.5467102793432796},
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.0740446517340904,0.3584657285442726,0.1158690595251297,
                                   0.8631034258755935,0.6232981268275579,0.3308980248526492,
                                   0.0635583502860236}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.3109823217156622,0.325183322026747 ,0.7296061783380641,
                                   0.6375574713552131,0.8872127425763265,0.4722149251619493,
                                   0.1195942459383017},
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5393422419156507,0.8074401551640625,0.8960912999234932,
                                   0.3180034749718639,0.1100519245276768,0.2279351625419417,
                                   0.4271077886262563}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.8180147659224931,0.8607305832563434,0.0069521305311907,
                                   0.5107473025775657,0.417411003148779 ,0.2221078104707302,
                                   0.1198653673336828},
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.6323058305935795,0.6335297107608947,0.5357746840747585,
                                   0.0902897700544083,0.835302495589238 ,0.3207800649717358,
                                   0.1865185103998542}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.0407751415547639,0.5908929431882418,0.6775643618422824,
                                   0.0165878289278562,0.512093058299281 ,0.226495775197938 ,
                                   0.6451727904094499},
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.8985541885270792,0.6064290596595899,0.0091970516166296,
                                   0.1014715428660321,0.6635017691080558,0.0050615838462187,
                                   0.1608080514174987}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.5487337893665861,0.6918951976926933,0.6519612595026005,
                                   0.2242693094605598,0.7121792213475359,0.2372490874968001,
                                   0.3253996981592677},
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.9283185625877254,0.4281841483173143,0.9666548190436696,
                                   0.9636199770892528,0.8530094554673601,0.2944488920695857,
                                   0.3850977286019253}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.8511366715168569,0.3169220051562777,0.1694927466860925,
                                   0.5568012624583502,0.936154774160781 ,0.696029796674973 ,
                                   0.570061170089365 },
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5426446347075766,0.2865412521282844,0.5908332605690108,
                                   0.0305002499390494,0.0373481887492144,0.8226005606596583,
                                   0.3601906414112629}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.1270605126518848,0.5222432600548044,0.7699935530986108,
                                   0.2158210274968432,0.6228904758190003,0.085347464993768 ,
                                   0.0516817211686077},
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.2477309895011575,0.3559726786512616,0.7578461104643691,
                                   0.0143934886297559,0.1160726405069162,0.0460026420217527,
                                   0.0407288023189701}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.8554605840110072,0.7036578593800237,0.4741738290873252,
                                   0.0978341606510015,0.4916158751168324,0.4734717707805657,
                                   0.1732018699100152},
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.0182218256515497,0.0944429607559284,0.6830067734163568,
                                   0.071188648460229 ,0.3189756302937613,0.8448753109694546,
                                   0.0232719357358259}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.8144684825889358,0.2818547747733999,0.1181648276216563,
                                   0.6967371653641506,0.628942846779884 ,0.877472013527053 ,
                                   0.7350710438038858},
@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5734378881232861,0.6318372121697993,0.4484455219783198,
                                   0.2932107716980645,0.328664545369916 ,0.6725184560770384,
                                   0.75237452943768  }}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.7915790437258485,0.7896181427945539,0.0912061030486904,
                                   0.4944203047025815,0.0575587600166443,0.5495288823237355,
                                   0.441530501373377 },
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.4926251042908592,0.0113536447674191,0.4686606419941263,
                                   0.0563032756818374,0.1188179162680719,0.1175262467771049,
                                   0.6492103021160636}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.7460448792654233,0.5833687650971596,0.9621725484745419,
                                   0.3748705795237041,0.2857120862818607,0.8685991281894603,
                                   0.2235958385194526},
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.0777346369649848,0.9743948076661665,0.9862107444796029,
                                   0.6981617140197451,0.5360963663441204,0.3095276162863277,
                                   0.8137950197069487}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6847311725538793,0.1626169393448913,0.9109271844938425,
                                   0.822537242923169 ,0.949799913291924 ,0.72571950838836  ,
                                   0.6134151959357899},
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.129159415151495 ,0.9540510272587224,0.60617463445088  ,
                                   0.2286428055034627,0.6717006844058567,0.6181282404578958,
                                   0.3581627180328405}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.113557592199629 ,0.6715731955927996,0.5203077009037933,
                                   0.7723183917356393,0.5201635011119934,0.8521815003185401,
                                   0.5519068387744855},
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.980032575285477 ,0.4926180939928696,0.3287516102875082,
                                   0.6334008543167258,0.2401456187781931,0.0758633281086639,
                                   0.1288797219106492}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.1280458389577724,0.1519026935122944,0.1388271726494101,
                                   0.6408747448032146,0.1818800843991448,0.3456672833238632,
                                   0.8967884099060118},
@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.4845229851910213,0.618254771530296 ,0.3689136395697724,
                                   0.4625347161331479,0.7474709381337565,0.0366832028905979,
                                   0.2524369443440208}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.7133495858845524,0.8952068376871993,0.5116774421156661,
                                   0.5321134852653157,0.1071720113397761,0.4474123668234546,
                                   0.5326172664550232},
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.152859139184332 ,0.2459577283845081,0.1606813732595557,
                                   0.1865670240513058,0.2850951686938471,0.1733735952947548,
                                   0.8967654246264252}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.0802337456616422,0.5245113895702547,0.4103968269896615,
                                   0.9823786169086064,0.1120389021680523,0.3978555990457416,
                                   0.9694704332753689},
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.8098744458546349,0.2546406547637639,0.6815027222239293,
                                   0.7602278598896866,0.5956387406078443,0.4715761885501584,
                                   0.4118409141472685}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.3488682665429953,0.9295291442478258,0.8306194077877291,
                                   0.9650269106665126,0.1242972234855447,0.7308674752036443,
                                   0.9383404568210378},
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.6242379959139921,0.1168980407083641,0.9398321236134751,
                                   0.6277080530714179,0.3349056146570861,0.1392720726633873,
                                   0.794025189270296 }},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6200727559285135,0.5334610919763215,0.8938925830509576,
                                   0.7885972112245307,0.1516748797327512,0.3117220677955482,
                                   0.2484891398144657},
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5862298320167972,0.505888678884466 ,0.6114542354346478,
                                   0.0181101838208405,0.8721239089441515,0.9321182824836124,
                                   0.5651331835892089}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6966508238768923,0.9224993811772957,0.7072386343133986,
                                   0.1525390429142613,0.5762883601668132,0.6067150463828559,
                                   0.424130671302386 },
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.1561525973661904,0.7159722288473975,0.6589239419101514,
                                   0.0270959925034835,0.2219721619329494,0.2310747965880714,
                                   0.6718927435987284}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.0197105377543642,0.1041085819845738,0.7999160853731894,
                                   0.1785446620543336,0.6527461078518747,0.2381827810467265,
                                   0.0994413927593452},
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.9484533069621567,0.7636057941597608,0.1401131757664525,
                                   0.8684679758979128,0.4874311982495136,0.8945522268940914,
                                   0.7998552559473152}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.4252135044692334,0.0224693083201174,0.2686773593849461,
                                   0.5416342146608669,0.6334782198261473,0.2578876854332023,
                                   0.1393560740728241},
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.7380336164263704,0.0827986679251265,0.6031521094663882,
                                   0.245349109681321 ,0.3892956140419765,0.2886937367706999,
                                   0.3556727164649491}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.7190459051842455,0.297121715623175 ,0.5664046402968972,
                                   0.4760504021990997,0.6636711653626481,0.936829739324758 ,
                                   0.7325720972102503},
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5419009473783581,0.8729458358764083,0.7322248864095612,
                                   0.8065611478614497,0.6587833667107174,0.6922765645178525,
                                   0.8491956515653193}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.2496680088591859,0.4894249636431405,0.2212094418196022,
                                   0.987668007996647 ,0.9440593396866133,0.0394268113685059,
                                   0.7055751725156885},
@@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.6258913764370091,0.8859777482361871,0.6158631881823046,
                                   0.2329594747536338,0.024400781556538 ,0.8700988739009299,
                                   0.0212694108503871}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.8747016726841994,0.528937134027212 ,0.9390676985128962,
                                   0.7987832357736654,0.9979341105333375,0.3507118154517102,
                                   0.7671882889311269},
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.4674015112498697,0.6134113892107077,0.1670339460920752,
                                   0.9911686261369765,0.2316717013834434,0.9427317741351257,
                                   0.6496466489923685}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6077367948788591,0.5126885110165086,0.2306698117177587,
                                   0.1765280320055083,0.2204862090701754,0.1864382621442545,
                                   0.7795844735667533},
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.4084532130706987,0.372688517012314 ,0.2597537837603262,
                                   0.7234201136885849,0.4958757350787708,0.0810462159076479,
                                   0.2201832019498113}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6832587636595959,0.0761308594903002,0.8512069140487687,
                                   0.4951465270139743,0.480586577326648 ,0.5924077846595176,
                                   0.8246809659251492},
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.2870381331749128,0.6169269183757422,0.9811861780274235,
                                   0.6318135270166684,0.2598035810641598,0.6340057030996114,
                                   0.5399853797158555}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.7798453951511436,0.1069806388269584,0.761027902502028 ,
                                   0.5412665786761103,0.9629920038589946,0.3418721660386861,
                                   0.6326218931339481},
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.4513870243296755,0.1636238211916692,0.7948095487499294,
                                   0.6936822257814886,0.2207696127887604,0.0823810456158427,
                                   0.6804993020747131}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6545112142811352,0.2732595269982093,0.9508635622504104,
                                   0.1510578917809002,0.4323348010426019,0.9436159201675989,
                                   0.4197273169261223},
@@ -605,8 +605,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.1251857922025504,0.6855652872289714,0.4303058948994627,
                                   0.2005247267003367,0.4915945467414369,0.0642089370751341,
                                   0.5819714019143988}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.2689934044350977,0.7975591006371882,0.3103619589235738,
                                   0.4552201490818012,0.0116205399081006,0.0724468877945589,
                                   0.3924935564066848},
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.2001502442448101,0.1674825822590698,0.1045678403344003,
                                   0.6364302495436367,0.7064757264869012,0.031586144825642 ,
                                   0.9362122462436898}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.0519712836514724,0.5412963353010705,0.7090605194509164,
                                   0.8709691237460856,0.7140869321324278,0.8017280830697918,
                                   0.3394501925428061},
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.6802282424312913,0.0721984089791758,0.0306525022058061,
                                   0.2576828885112137,0.4626229567393163,0.8682725054083805,
                                   0.727169069766308 }},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.742706521199981 ,0.4254933344480754,0.3459349925469629,
                                   0.3710387629846027,0.9876495637360578,0.0401091914124825,
                                   0.8670314961224486},
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5929508514349274,0.1635238725850228,0.3910815366517607,
                                   0.9694123223352875,0.2581334327011275,0.6567366645412922,
                                   0.3251900642246949}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.7734731256866006,0.1308736607183498,0.9698210450785447,
                                   0.4537895413836392,0.236050463346464 ,0.0734967473300127,
                                   0.1697579050875407},
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5072348086883924,0.0415728590503921,0.1483432009620889,
                                   0.9866301229588469,0.9651186964360455,0.0049399809344096,
                                   0.951811785423239 }},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6391199378155004,0.8679182945200221,0.4547398556338591,
                                   0.5155960285792502,0.4888465802569202,0.6668642575461043,
                                   0.1396512547563129},
@@ -701,8 +701,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.657845304603036 ,0.9994137257706666,0.048212038860556 ,
                                   0.9771741842213173,0.4069079607228706,0.8707534503372591,
                                   0.7823854840582735}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.5670162609866678,0.7384492092513265,0.8785155613013479,
                                   0.404140321651033 ,0.3270331615632387,0.6675933855635847,
                                   0.8078459419412586},
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.3988227808969005,0.5801723692273323,0.5336025467268785,
                                   0.6079050927934446,0.7648832615421283,0.8129857387160935,
                                   0.7181230762264944}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.9555236959549347,0.0182325826763616,0.1957779856835461,
                                   0.0075628749781421,0.647474714154603 ,0.8980305489499869,
                                   0.2434822965762993},
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5502265421562618,0.0434125328548192,0.6331513755940223,
                                   0.951403342206657 ,0.6016118201463312,0.8191888594267902,
                                   0.8842064633484078}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.2280797719489325,0.2120448399082266,0.6109809888509917,
                                   0.4110284698067047,0.8398613028667203,0.9000231233980112,
                                   0.3534213793027181},
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.7175977656581762,0.6924361513243696,0.9912559937021883,
                                   0.1283942894541252,0.1041096493841663,0.7243388171287412,
                                   0.5783869170064091}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.2741606665598059,0.0794193689889866,0.0856582495964305,
                                   0.8941908746641183,0.1918673247187429,0.3233715621155208,
                                   0.226656402226988 },
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.3475715242389821,0.664911724487218 ,0.7954499607897292,
                                   0.9271778194794527,0.2346420818554535,0.3993159158093081,
                                   0.1524160133304174}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.9924835021583752,0.9270009679242953,0.5399571302805596,
                                   0.8420332943764213,0.5209579772720422,0.6235856880027597,
                                   0.0891244321160166},
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.9948663171697671,0.0577805609963666,0.6950352288585532,
                                   0.9836789252634136,0.2391801042159256,0.1422493686871962,
                                   0.1213849394224289}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.3032751475675955,0.1010458110106467,0.6921613416941319,
                                   0.0622917981300627,0.5094221281497897,0.9966968538529768,
                                   0.8139702695060188},
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.4878540439263624,0.1097361986775035,0.547959488973693 ,
                                   0.4543773345599609,0.844357082739616 ,0.0980825807842446,
                                   0.4882411370217782}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.1500486646939843,0.32467592689006  ,0.7373570773877997,
                                   0.4760181293687665,0.3758882851457693,0.3944762785700353,
                                   0.4594467684059866},
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.0121084752348875,0.9565013982994801,0.737508359459007 ,
                                   0.3532514085020642,0.2965355812876552,0.3497032297458496,
                                   0.7746535311811819}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6613706110704144,0.1851955678674679,0.1741093353340843,
                                   0.0983956497133973,0.6603027197013381,0.7643726622217359,
                                   0.265046428325004 },
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.432076882944196 ,0.4394049896944522,0.6129395824945255,
                                   0.9430758377447076,0.240692711832505 ,0.1215013763009181,
                                   0.1974704898599373}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.8869249002092695,0.645810812655206 ,0.2859067892391601,
                                   0.8159469389686173,0.861369996363436 ,0.846514338690278 ,
                                   0.9189265336395545},
@@ -927,8 +927,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.761121537043158 ,0.160071634954573 ,0.4615574744197899,
                                   0.0093316198270933,0.246678864521623 ,0.7264617151130048,
                                   0.9918099513493635}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.0991780995872159,0.4014943158612883,0.8000709686991595,
                                   0.2040356346288988,0.5550849493022862,0.7330712960296748,
                                   0.615985450260179 },
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.0929906398231322,0.5882022669483905,0.4809728898861237,
                                   0.6423255259052274,0.0648535944829683,0.5799837874281313,
                                   0.5614845879595237}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.5606600944161709,0.6034876665964548,0.6764679372263622,
                                   0.8049889996807698,0.2698207201282143,0.8250494101800621,
                                   0.4982556822634536},
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.3622354416522884,0.3345112887419321,0.0261967085320648,
                                   0.0241917638913552,0.8316970436757735,0.2730708099728124,
                                   0.5180787662388154}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.2987255735887731,0.9406792451153405,0.2592967588657737,
                                   0.4296568127389351,0.8727302504846018,0.8419335667918086,
                                   0.1861014178462773},
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.4875711936733843,0.0336136001832826,0.0626532034553545,
                                   0.906437453344411 ,0.1392453711175952,0.5324206822752171,
                                   0.4110956026007065}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.3473433262588427,0.8998333456872725,0.0218233967754895,
                                   0.6637896861755891,0.9633944342135504,0.5601681834618419,
                                   0.9368224620330918},
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.484696287130047 ,0.1657745401632758,0.9456981470002823,
                                   0.8499753714806619,0.6690223373291083,0.4622955610006072,
                                   0.4117655415845085}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6509734671509542,0.5454318694069055,0.0622731058818856,
                                   0.5125026487703317,0.8064036172328395,0.4592398775969581,
                                   0.0519565775542684},
@@ -1023,8 +1023,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.5233296311947413,0.2871379580845755,0.7928544190338394,
                                   0.5775933658811575,0.6345824175503038,0.7979141596158941,
                                   0.3959704726624549}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.9150900684070432,0.53302886724614  ,0.157954822835348 ,
                                   0.6958991181688025,0.7932613504382544,0.3167616770675267,
                                   0.857179256998753 },
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.8902580530178021,0.0794065846430295,0.7314964903403623,
                                   0.1874119440975822,0.858177053157164 ,0.8190635138616561,
                                   0.5407937549855444}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.7102427986233115,0.3143501131837484,0.4711678989328146,
                                   0.8216368977104717,0.4592651971732139,0.3577982653254418,
                                   0.4942124472502999},
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.6428819100587077,0.694150573509831 ,0.5126547531450529,
                                   0.3053106766967313,0.2126443763710961,0.0331893545624262,
                                   0.3039464012407238}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.653162790531283 ,0.9383048184484827,0.871204482263052 ,
                                   0.7660647765353026,0.7884473432532987,0.6649849034759953,
                                   0.260286857566003 },
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.112580390411937 ,0.7036859774607958,0.5406984766449103,
                                   0.0965344701954408,0.241893828258839 ,0.0124040362773148,
                                   0.4687679654645058}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.3012652607600004,0.5983574842977588,0.2972378077086172,
                                   0.2999191115069847,0.7431931987316034,0.0481428359783534,
                                   0.9028949951919872},
@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.6019234310151316,0.8925232899548461,0.4433800143791877,
                                   0.607089578718754 ,0.6313075530919887,0.5916971623063255,
                                   0.7026337730855163}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.2374334683748063,0.5123637775457907,0.1042248028083477,
                                   0.3845113276448126,0.4876670686212644,0.6522242595454725,
                                   0.9505310525862035},
@@ -1119,8 +1119,8 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.2934888232081216,0.9317537194328164,0.3970150412371917,
                                   0.0870927667957715,0.6170665161178013,0.1138383934766014,
                                   0.3452231428016921}}},
-                              
-                              
+
+
                                {{{0.5074119387178089,0.8742225246851758,0.4935465803401187,
                                   0.7022587660316643,0.9928168389990704,0.1314891198979816,
                                   0.2747315255195195},
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.668572646722914 ,0.6786699566725648,0.361919990837865 ,
                                   0.5936607912085384,0.0101311840277434,0.6360960464095422,
                                   0.9132869475762367}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.6125734683448192,0.873698593466345 ,0.7239730554660938,
                                   0.1205584164036902,0.9024533072858417,0.0664438443557749,
                                   0.5339674725477638},
@@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.601074166800233 ,0.7055858626438246,0.6884050184921369,
                                   0.3745528870201214,0.1668602016987528,0.4305293384622075,
                                   0.1425941440819087}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.8900970351838083,0.3458774607378574,0.1544597472233238,
                                   0.0254477599057509,0.6458223862864843,0.6369023174547432,
                                   0.3406041665812917},
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.8884036723086812,0.6029428764794615,0.8267073597414875,
                                   0.9840131632104643,0.2884054378187457,0.961135485407593 ,
                                   0.3894818949024204}},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.3855119047369223,0.3403871042545057,0.5414076073475852,
                                   0.1541450431784871,0.5537114853580112,0.541704812410004 ,
                                   0.76190181260487  },
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  {0.9640288471655137,0.909454610937242 ,0.7221432354559059,
                                   0.5333866287653626,0.869969159647685 ,0.1306523438234629,
                                   0.790509794274885 }},
-                              
+
                                 {{0.1248208139668483,0.7942106625494054,0.275767568251357 ,
                                   0.8770905810181889,0.9440420938253978,0.1487959694051156,
                                   0.4626756050653935},
@@ -1294,4 +1294,3 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
 }
-
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index be97ffa7a..f08bbcddd 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace xt
         // py_a
         xarray<long> py_a = {102,435,860,270,106, 71,700, 20,614,121,466,214,330,458, 87,372, 99,871,
                              663,130};
-        
+
         // py_p5 = np.partition(a, 5)
         xarray<long> py_p5 = { 20, 71, 87, 99,102,106,121,700,614,435,466,214,330,458,270,372,860,871,
                               663,130};
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace xt
         // py_p19 = np.partition(a, 19)
         xarray<long> py_p19 = { 20,102, 99, 87,106, 71,121,270,130,435,372,214,330,458,663,614,466,700,
                                860,871};
-        
+
         // py_a5 = np.argpartition(a, 5)
         xarray<long> py_a5 = { 7, 5,14,16, 0, 4, 9, 6, 8, 1,10,11,12,13, 3,15, 2,17,18,19};
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, 0)
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a
         xarray<long> py_a = { 1,11, 5, 1, 0,11,11,16, 9,15,14,14,18,11,19, 2, 4,18, 6, 8};
-        
+
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, (4, 5, 6))
         xarray<long> py_p0 = { 1, 1, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,11,14,14,18,11,19,16,11,18,11,15};
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, (2, 7, 12))
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  0.9695846277645586,0.7751328233611146},
                                 {0.9394989415641891,0.8948273504276488,0.5978999788110851,
                                  0.9218742350231168,0.0884925020519195}},
-                              
+
                                {{0.1959828624191452,0.0452272889105381,0.3253303307632643,
                                  0.388677289689482 ,0.2713490317738959},
                                 {0.8287375091519293,0.3567533266935893,0.2809345096873808,
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  0.7290071680409873,0.7712703466859457},
                                 {0.0740446517340904,0.3584657285442726,0.1158690595251297,
                                  0.8631034258755935,0.6232981268275579}},
-                              
+
                                {{0.3308980248526492,0.0635583502860236,0.3109823217156622,
                                  0.325183322026747 ,0.7296061783380641},
                                 {0.6375574713552131,0.8872127425763265,0.4722149251619493,
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  0.0314291856867343,0.6364104112637804},
                                 {0.3143559810763267,0.5085706911647028,0.907566473926093 ,
                                  0.2492922291488749,0.4103829230356297}},
-                              
+
                                {{0.7555511385430487,0.2287981654916225,0.076979909828793 ,
                                  0.289751452913768 ,0.1612212872540044},
                                 {0.9296976523425731,0.808120379564417 ,0.6334037565104235,
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  0.4271077886262563,0.8180147659224931},
                                 {0.8607305832563434,0.0069521305311907,0.5107473025775657,
                                  0.417411003148779 ,0.2221078104707302}},
-                              
+
                                {{0.1198653673336828,0.337615171403628 ,0.9429097039125192,
                                  0.3232029320207552,0.5187906217433661},
                                 {0.7030189588951778,0.363629602379294 ,0.9717820827209607,
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ namespace xt
                                  0.2420552715115004,0.6721355474058786}}};
         // py_m = np.median(a)
         double py_m = 0.489452760277563;
-        
+
         // py_m0 = np.median(a, 0)
         xarray<double> py_m0 = {{0.1959828624191452,0.2287981654916225,0.3253303307632643,
                                  0.325183322026747 ,0.3046137691733707},
@@ -265,25 +265,25 @@ namespace xt
                               { 29, 14,114, 83, 50},
                               {  4, 65, 44, 27, 12},
                               { 63,  5, 57, 25, 84}},
-                            
+
                              {{ 21, 94, 26, 75, 43},
                               { 77,121,124, 99,106},
                               {123, 20, 13, 42,  3},
                               { 64,102, 40, 80, 62},
                               { 78, 60, 45, 17, 28}},
-                            
+
                              {{ 52, 54, 24,107, 34},
                               { 67, 91,120,101,  7},
                               { 48, 87, 93, 98,105},
                               { 53,119,110,104, 76},
                               {116,  8, 31, 36,118}},
-                            
+
                              {{ 11, 47, 88,  1, 59},
                               {112,  6, 41, 30, 22},
                               { 49, 56,113,  0, 81},
                               { 38, 39, 32, 51, 70},
                               { 95,103,100, 66, 89}},
-                            
+
                              {{ 18, 35,108, 19,  2},
                               { 92, 79,117, 58, 72},
                               { 96, 15,111, 10, 85},
@@ -296,25 +296,25 @@ namespace xt
                                { 29, 14, 13,  0,  3},
                                {  4, 39, 32, 27, 12},
                                { 37,  5, 31, 17, 28}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 18, 47, 26, 19, 34},
                                { 67, 79, 41, 58, 22},
                                { 48, 15, 93, 10, 50},
                                { 38, 65, 40, 51, 23},
                                { 63,  8, 45, 25, 74}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 21, 54, 88, 61, 43},
                                { 77, 82,117, 86, 72},
                                { 49, 20,111, 42, 81},
                                { 53, 97, 44, 68, 62},
                                { 78, 16, 57, 36, 84}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 46, 94,109,107, 59},
                                {112, 91,124,101,106},
                                {123, 56,113, 83,105},
                                { 64,102,110, 80, 70},
                                { 95,103,100, 66, 89}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 52, 73,108, 75, 71},
                                { 92,121,120, 99, 90},
                                { 96, 87,114, 98, 85},
@@ -326,25 +326,25 @@ namespace xt
                                { 33, 65,  9, 61, 71},
                                { 46, 73,109, 83, 84},
                                { 63, 82,114, 86, 90}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 64, 20, 13, 17,  3},
                                { 21, 60, 26, 42, 28},
                                { 77, 94, 40, 75, 43},
                                { 78,102, 45, 80, 62},
                                {123,121,124, 99,106}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 48,  8, 24, 36, 76},
                                { 52, 54, 31, 98, 34},
                                { 53, 87, 93,101,  7},
                                { 67, 91,110,104,105},
                                {116,119,120,107,118}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 38, 39, 32,  0, 70},
                                { 11, 47, 88,  1, 59},
                                { 49,  6, 41, 30, 22},
                                { 95, 56,100, 51, 81},
                                {112,103,113, 66, 89}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 18, 15,108, 10, 23},
                                { 37, 16,111, 19,  2},
                                { 69, 35,115, 55, 72},
@@ -356,25 +356,25 @@ namespace xt
                                { 14, 29, 50, 83,114},
                                {  4, 12, 27, 44, 65},
                                { 25, 57,  5, 63, 84}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 21, 26, 43, 75, 94},
                                { 99, 77,106,121,124},
                                {  3, 13, 20, 42,123},
                                { 40, 62, 64, 80,102},
                                { 17, 28, 45, 60, 78}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 24, 34, 52, 54,107},
                                {  7, 67, 91,101,120},
                                { 87, 48, 93, 98,105},
                                { 53, 76,104,110,119},
                                { 36, 31,  8,116,118}},
-                             
+
                               {{  1, 11, 47, 59, 88},
                                { 30, 22,  6, 41,112},
                                {  0, 49, 56, 81,113},
                                { 32, 38, 39, 51, 70},
                                { 66, 89, 95,100,103}},
-                             
+
                               {{  2, 18, 19, 35,108},
                                { 58, 72, 79, 92,117},
                                { 10, 85, 15, 96,111},
@@ -395,25 +395,25 @@ namespace xt
                                {0,0,1,3,1},
                                {0,3,3,0,0},
                                {4,0,2,1,1}},
-                             
+
                               {{4,3,1,4,2},
                                {2,4,3,4,3},
                                {2,4,2,4,0},
                                {3,0,1,3,4},
                                {0,2,1,0,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{1,2,3,0,1},
                                {1,0,4,0,4},
                                {3,1,4,1,3},
                                {2,4,0,4,1},
                                {1,4,0,2,0}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,1,0,2,3},
                                {3,2,1,2,1},
                                {1,3,3,0,2},
                                {1,1,2,1,3},
                                {3,3,3,3,3}},
-                             
+
                               {{2,0,4,1,0},
                                {4,1,2,1,0},
                                {4,2,0,2,4},
@@ -425,25 +425,25 @@ namespace xt
                                {1,3,1,0,0},
                                {0,0,0,2,4},
                                {4,1,2,1,1}},
-                             
+
                               {{3,2,2,4,2},
                                {0,4,0,2,4},
                                {1,0,3,0,0},
                                {4,3,4,3,3},
                                {2,1,1,1,1}},
-                             
+
                               {{2,4,0,4,3},
                                {0,0,4,2,0},
                                {3,2,2,1,1},
                                {1,1,3,3,2},
                                {4,3,1,0,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{3,3,3,2,3},
                                {0,0,0,0,0},
                                {2,1,1,1,1},
                                {4,2,4,3,2},
                                {1,4,2,4,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,2,0,2,3},
                                {4,4,2,0,0},
                                {3,0,3,4,1},
@@ -455,25 +455,25 @@ namespace xt
                                {1,0,4,3,2},
                                {0,4,3,2,1},
                                {3,2,1,0,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,2,4,3,1},
                                {3,0,4,1,2},
                                {4,2,1,3,0},
                                {2,4,0,3,1},
                                {3,4,2,1,0}},
-                             
+
                               {{2,4,0,1,3},
                                {4,0,1,3,2},
                                {1,0,2,3,4},
                                {0,4,3,2,1},
                                {3,2,1,0,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{3,0,1,4,2},
                                {3,4,1,2,0},
                                {3,0,1,4,2},
                                {2,0,1,3,4},
                                {3,4,0,2,1}},
-                             
+
                               {{4,0,3,1,2},
                                {3,4,1,0,2},
                                {3,4,1,0,2},
@@ -500,25 +500,25 @@ namespace xt
                               { 75, 71, 40, 80,108},
                               { 78, 37, 89, 54, 74},
                               {  0, 90, 11,106, 73}},
-                            
+
                              {{ 20, 28, 72, 30, 63},
                               { 81, 27, 97, 88, 18},
                               { 39, 77, 68, 34, 29},
                               { 70,114,  3, 83,  4},
                               {101, 43, 69, 87,119}},
-                            
+
                              {{ 93,123,122, 82, 51},
                               { 48, 58, 61, 99, 79},
                               { 50, 21,109,117, 95},
                               { 91, 14, 13, 15,  7},
                               { 64, 19, 44, 35, 56}},
-                            
+
                              {{  6,111, 12,110,102},
                               { 49, 25, 41, 38, 47},
                               { 42,  8,105, 16,  1},
                               { 26, 65, 22, 85, 46},
                               {107,118,115,120, 57}},
-                            
+
                              {{ 53,113, 24, 17, 66},
                               { 32, 86, 31, 84, 62},
                               { 96, 59,121, 94, 52},
@@ -531,25 +531,25 @@ namespace xt
                                { 39,  8, 40, 16,  1},
                                { 26, 14,  3, 15,  4},
                                {  0, 19,  5, 35, 45}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 20, 76, 24, 30, 60},
                                { 32, 25, 31, 84, 47},
                                { 42, 21, 68, 34, 29},
                                { 70, 37, 13, 23,  7},
                                { 64, 43, 11, 87, 56}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 53,111, 33, 82, 63},
                                { 48, 27, 41, 88, 62},
                                { 50, 59,105, 80, 52},
                                { 78, 65, 22, 54, 36},
                                {101, 90, 44,106, 57}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 55,123,122,110,102},
                                { 49, 58, 61,100, 67},
                                { 75, 71,109,117,108},
                                { 91,114, 89, 85, 46},
                                {107,118,115,120,119}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 93,113, 72,103, 66},
                                { 81, 86, 97, 99, 79},
                                { 96, 77,121, 94, 95},
@@ -561,25 +561,25 @@ namespace xt
                                { 55, 71, 33,100, 73},
                                { 75, 76, 40,103, 74},
                                { 78, 90, 89,106,108}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 20, 27,  3, 30,  4},
                                { 39, 28, 68, 34, 18},
                                { 70, 43, 69, 83, 29},
                                { 81, 77, 72, 87, 63},
                                {101,114, 97, 88,119}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 48, 14, 13, 15,  7},
                                { 50, 19, 44, 35, 51},
                                { 64, 21, 61, 82, 56},
                                { 91, 58,109, 99, 79},
                                { 93,123,122,117, 95}},
-                             
+
                               {{  6,  8, 12, 16,  1},
                                { 26, 25, 22, 38, 46},
                                { 42, 65, 41, 85, 47},
                                { 49,111,105,110, 57},
                                {107,118,115,120,102}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 32, 59,  5, 17, 36},
                                { 53, 86, 24, 23, 45},
                                { 96, 98, 31, 84, 52},
@@ -591,25 +591,25 @@ namespace xt
                                { 40, 71, 75, 80,108},
                                { 37, 54, 74, 78, 89},
                                {  0, 11, 73, 90,106}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 20, 28, 30, 63, 72},
                                { 18, 27, 81, 88, 97},
                                { 29, 34, 39, 68, 77},
                                {  3,  4, 70, 83,114},
                                { 43, 69, 87,101,119}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 51, 82, 93,122,123},
                                { 48, 58, 61, 79, 99},
                                { 21, 50, 95,109,117},
                                {  7, 13, 14, 15, 91},
                                { 19, 35, 44, 56, 64}},
-                             
+
                               {{  6, 12,102,110,111},
                                { 25, 38, 41, 47, 49},
                                {  1,  8, 16, 42,105},
                                { 22, 26, 46, 65, 85},
                                { 57,107,115,118,120}},
-                             
+
                               {{ 17, 24, 53, 66,113},
                                { 31, 32, 62, 84, 86},
                                { 52, 59, 94, 96,121},
@@ -634,25 +634,25 @@ namespace xt
                                {1,3,0,3,3},
                                {3,2,1,2,1},
                                {0,2,4,2,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{1,0,4,1,0},
                                {4,3,4,4,3},
                                {3,2,1,1,1},
                                {1,0,2,4,2},
                                {2,1,0,1,2}},
-                             
+
                               {{4,3,0,2,1},
                                {2,1,3,1,4},
                                {2,4,3,0,4},
                                {0,3,3,0,4},
                                {1,0,2,0,3}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,2,2,3,3},
                                {3,2,2,0,0},
                                {0,0,2,2,0},
                                {2,1,0,3,3},
                                {3,3,3,3,1}},
-                             
+
                               {{2,4,1,0,4},
                                {1,4,1,2,2},
                                {4,1,4,4,2},
@@ -664,25 +664,25 @@ namespace xt
                                {0,2,0,1,4},
                                {2,0,2,0,3},
                                {3,4,3,4,2}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,1,3,0,3},
                                {2,0,2,2,1},
                                {3,4,4,3,2},
                                {1,2,0,4,0},
                                {4,3,1,1,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{1,3,3,3,3},
                                {2,4,4,4,0},
                                {4,2,1,0,4},
                                {3,1,2,1,1},
                                {0,0,0,2,2}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,2,0,2,2},
                                {3,1,3,1,3},
                                {2,3,1,3,1},
                                {1,0,2,0,4},
                                {4,4,4,4,0}},
-                             
+
                               {{1,2,4,0,3},
                                {0,1,0,3,4},
                                {2,4,1,1,2},
@@ -694,25 +694,25 @@ namespace xt
                                {2,1,0,3,4},
                                {1,3,4,0,2},
                                {0,2,4,1,3}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,1,3,4,2},
                                {4,1,0,3,2},
                                {4,3,0,2,1},
                                {2,4,0,3,1},
                                {1,2,3,0,4}},
-                             
+
                               {{4,3,0,2,1},
                                {0,1,2,4,3},
                                {1,0,4,2,3},
                                {4,2,1,3,0},
                                {1,3,2,4,0}},
-                             
+
                               {{0,2,4,3,1},
                                {1,3,2,4,0},
                                {4,1,3,0,2},
                                {2,0,4,1,3},
                                {4,0,2,1,3}},
-                             
+
                               {{3,2,0,4,1},
                                {2,0,4,3,1},
                                {4,1,3,0,2},
@@ -732,4 +732,3 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::cast<std::size_t>(xt::view(py_a2, all(), all(), 1)), xt::view(a2, all(), all(), 1));
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/test/test_utils.hpp b/test/test_utils.hpp
index 917ee1d60..3ad5b5aaf 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.hpp
+++ b/test/test_utils.hpp
@@ -98,4 +98,3 @@ namespace xt
 }
 
 #endif
-
diff --git a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
index 26a17051d..d087d5c09 100644
--- a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
@@ -376,4 +376,4 @@ namespace xt
     }
     #undef ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES
 }
-TEST_SUITE_END();
\ No newline at end of file
+TEST_SUITE_END();
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
index 2646b1964..c2c5ac72a 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         dist = std::distance(axis_slice_begin(a, 1), axis_slice_end(a, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(8, dist);
-       
+
         dist = std::distance(axis_slice_begin(a_col, 1), axis_slice_end(a_col, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(8, dist);
-       
+
         dist = std::distance(axis_slice_begin(a, 2), axis_slice_end(a, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(6, dist);
 
diff --git a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
index 65dcadbb9..c676c2f48 100644
--- a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ using test_p_norm_values_test_types = std::tuple<
 
 TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
 {
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_values", TesterTuple, test_values_id) 
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_values", TesterTuple, test_values_id)
     {
         using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
         using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
         xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
 
-        // just iota is a bit boring since it will 
+        // just iota is a bit boring since it will
         // lead to an uniform variance
         std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
         for(std::size_t i=0; i<input_exp.size(); ++i)
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
                     reducer.assign_to(result);
 
                     auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
-                    if(std::is_same<tester_type, variance_tester>::value || std::is_same<tester_type, stddev_tester>::value)    
-                    { 
+                    if(std::is_same<tester_type, variance_tester>::value || std::is_same<tester_type, stddev_tester>::value)
+                    {
                         CHECK_UNARY(xt::allclose(result, should_result));
                     }
                     else
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
     TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(test_values_id, test_values_test_types);
 
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_p_norm_values", TesterTuple, test_p_norm_values_id) 
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_p_norm_values", TesterTuple, test_p_norm_values_id)
     {
         using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
         using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
         xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
 
-        // just iota is a bit boring since it will 
+        // just iota is a bit boring since it will
         // lead to an uniform variance
         std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
         for(std::size_t i=0; i<input_exp.size(); ++i)
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
                 auto reducer = tester_type::op(input_exp, chunk_shape, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
                 auto should_reducer = tester_type::should_op(input_exp, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
                 auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
-                
+
                 using should_result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(should_reducer)>::value_type;
                 using result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(reducer)>::value_type;
 
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
                 xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
             }
         }
-    } 
+    }
 }
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
index ced09f742..011a58063 100644
--- a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::column_major> cm_arr = t;
         xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> rm_arr = t;
-        
+
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(rm_arr, cm_arr));
 
         EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(0, 0),  0.0);
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 57d1a00c5..30a02225d 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto t = concatenate(xtuple(arange(2), arange(2, 5), arange(5, 8)));
         ASSERT_TRUE(arange(8) == t);
-        
+
         xt::xarray<double> fa = xt::ones<double>({ 3, 4, 5, 0 });
         xt::xarray<double> sa = xt::ones<double>({ 3, 4, 5 });
         xt::xarray<double> ta = xt::ones<double>({ 3, 4, 5, 3 });
diff --git a/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
index 1b1fc4a8d..9027b4cc5 100644
--- a/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
@@ -690,4 +690,4 @@ namespace xt
 
     #undef CONTAINER_SEMANTIC_TYPES
 }
-TEST_SUITE_END();
\ No newline at end of file
+TEST_SUITE_END();
diff --git a/test/test_xcsv.cpp b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
index 50863fe05..c3da0b27d 100644
--- a/test/test_xcsv.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp" 
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp" 
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
index 90b8a7b86..2e05d234b 100644
--- a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace xt
             });
 
         xt::xarray<days> durations({days{300}, days{400}, days{600}, days{10000}});
-        
+
         xt::xarray<days_time_point> result = dates + durations;
         xt::xarray<days_time_point> result2 = dates + days{500};
 
@@ -90,4 +90,3 @@ namespace xt
 }
 
 #endif // defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ == 7) && (__cplusplus == 201703L)
-
diff --git a/test/test_xeval.cpp b/test/test_xeval.cpp
index a7e89349a..8f3f17b21 100644
--- a/test/test_xeval.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xeval.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace xt
 
 
 #define EXPECT_LAYOUT(EXPRESSION, LAYOUT)                         \
-  EXPECT_TRUE((decltype(EXPRESSION)::static_layout == LAYOUT)) 
+  EXPECT_TRUE((decltype(EXPRESSION)::static_layout == LAYOUT))
 
 #define HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(EXPRESSION)                            \
   has_data_interface<std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>>::value
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ namespace xt
 #define EXPECT_XARRAY(EXPRESSION)                                    \
   EXPECT_TRUE(!detail::is_array<                                     \
                         typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)   \
-                                >::shape_type>::value) 
+                                >::shape_type>::value)
 
 #define EXPECT_XTENSOR(EXPRESSION)                                   \
   EXPECT_TRUE(detail::is_array<                                      \
                         typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)   \
-                                >::shape_type>::value == true) 
+                                >::shape_type>::value == true)
 
 
     TEST(utils, has_same_layout)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::column_major>(ten2));
         EXPECT_FALSE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::row_major>(ten2));
         EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::any>(ten2));
-        
+
         EXPECT_FALSE((detail::has_same_layout(ten1, ten2)));
         EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_same_layout(ten1, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2}))));
         EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_same_layout(ten2, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::column_major>({1., 2., 3.2}))));
@@ -302,4 +302,4 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(res_rvalue(2), 3);
         }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
index 2cae05083..c5684e653 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(sa.use_count(), 2);
         auto cpysa = sa;
         EXPECT_EQ(sa.use_count(), 3);
-        
+
         std::stringstream buffer;
         buffer << sa;
         EXPECT_EQ(buffer.str(), "{{ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.},\n { 5.,  6.,  7.,  8.}}");
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ namespace xt
         using dyn_exp = xt::xarray<int>;
         constexpr bool dyn_res = std::is_same<dyn_tmp, dyn_exp>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(dyn_res);
-        
+
         using sta_shape = std::array<std::size_t, 4>;
         using sta_tmp = xt::detail::xtype_for_shape<sta_shape>::type<int, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>;
         using sta_exp = xt::xtensor<int, 4>;
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
index fa0510192..5763faafe 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
@@ -48,4 +48,3 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<xt::common_tensor_type_t<decltype(b2), decltype(b3)>, decltype(b2)>::value));
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index 20e6f337a..0a65cbd5a 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using fixed_tensor = xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2>, layout_type::row_major, true>;
         using tiny_tensor = xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2>, layout_type::row_major, false>;
-        EXPECT_GT(sizeof(fixed_tensor), sizeof(tiny_tensor)); 
+        EXPECT_GT(sizeof(fixed_tensor), sizeof(tiny_tensor));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
index a0a72bc80..d23d966c3 100644
--- a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> a = {{{1, 3}, {2, 4}}, {{5, 7}, {6, 8}}};
         xarray<bool> cond = {{{true, true}, {false, false}}, {{true, true}, {false, false}}};
-        
+
         xarray<int> resc = xt::filter<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a, cond);
         xarray<int> expc = {1, 5 ,3, 7};
         EXPECT_EQ(resc, expc);
diff --git a/test/test_xiterator.cpp b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
index 5c7bd6b6e..94383110b 100644
--- a/test/test_xiterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto offset = shape.size() - a.dimension();
         auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cbegin() + offset, difference_type(1), std::multiplies<difference_type>());
-        
+
         auto nb_inc = L == layout_type::row_major ?
             difference_type(shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1) :
             broadcasting_stride * difference_type(result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1);
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ namespace xt
         using vector_type = typename R::vector_type;
         vector_type data = result.storage();
         xarray_adaptor<typename R::vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(data, result.shape(), result.strides());
-        
+
         size_type size = shape.size();
         difference_type nb_inc = difference_type(L == layout_type::row_major ?
             shape.back() * shape[size - 2] + shape.back() + 2 :
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ namespace xt
         row_major_result<> rm;
         using vector_type = row_major_result<>::vector_type;
         xarray_adaptor<vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(rm.storage(), rm.shape(), rm.strides());
-        
+
         SUBCASE("row_major iterator")
         {
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index 3bded76a1..f93f2b2f5 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
         CHECK_STDDEV_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(stddev, INPUT)
 
     TEST(xmath, uchar_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<unsigned char> auchar(shape);
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, short_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<short> ashort(shape);
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, ushort_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, int_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<int> aint(shape);
 
@@ -180,10 +180,10 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, uint_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<unsigned int> auint(shape);
-  
+
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(auint + auint, unsigned int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2u * auint, unsigned int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * auint, double);
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, long_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<long long> along(shape);
 
@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, ulong_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<unsigned long long> aulong(shape);
-    
+
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aulong + aulong, unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2ul * aulong, unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * aulong, double);
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, float_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<float> afloat(shape);
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, double_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<double> adouble(shape);
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, float_complex_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<std::complex<float>> afcomplex(shape);
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, double_complex_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<std::complex<double>> adcomplex(shape);
 
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, mixed_result_type)
-    {        
+    {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<unsigned char> auchar(shape);
         xarray<short> ashort(shape);
diff --git a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
index 01bdf2219..cc27d0b41 100644
--- a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ TEST_SUITE("xmultiindex_iterator")
 {
 
     TEST_CASE("sum")
-    {   
+    {
         using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
         using iter_type = xmultiindex_iterator<shape_type>;
 
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ TEST_SUITE("xmultiindex_iterator")
     }
 }
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional.cpp b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
index bba00ffef..bd25d61f2 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ namespace xt
             return static_cast<int>(t);
         }
     };
-    
+
     struct bool_even
     {
         template <class T>
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index d1405b8a5..1806ca25e 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace xt
         using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
         using shape_type = xarray<double>::shape_type;
         using xarray_type = xarray<double>;
-        using func = xreducer_functors<std::plus<double>>; 
+        using func = xreducer_functors<std::plus<double>>;
 
         axes_type m_axes;
 
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ namespace xt
         xarray_of_optional_type m_array_of_optional, m_simple_array_of_optional;
 
         xarray_optional_type m_array_optional, m_simple_array_optional;
-    
+
         optional_assembly_type m_optional_assembly, m_simple_optional_assembly;
 
-        xreducer_opt_features(): 
+        xreducer_opt_features():
             m_axes({1, 3}),
             m_array_of_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5})),
             m_array_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5})),
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(opt_res1)(1, 1, 1), xtl::xoptional<double>);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::has_value(opt_res1), xt::full_like(res, true));
         EXPECT_EQ(opt_expected, opt_res1);
-        
+
         xreducer_opt_features::xarray_optional_type opt_res2 = res;
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(opt_res2, xtl::xoptional<double>);
         CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(opt_res2)(1, 1, 1), double);
@@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, assign)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_array_optional) 
+        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_array_optional)
     }
-    
+
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, assign)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_optional_assembly) 
+        TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_optional_assembly)
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT
 
@@ -358,24 +358,24 @@ namespace xt
     auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);           \
     EXPECT_EQ(res.dimension(), std::size_t(3));        \
     EXPECT_EQ(res(0, 0, 0), xtl::missing<double>());   \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res(1, 1, 1), 24.);  
+    EXPECT_EQ(res(1, 1, 1), 24.);
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, sum)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_array_of_optional);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, sum)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_array_optional);       
-    } 
+        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_array_optional);
+    }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, sum)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+        TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_SUM
 
@@ -409,24 +409,24 @@ namespace xt
                                                                        \
     xarray_optional<double> res3 = xt::sum(INPUT, {1});                \
     xarray_optional<double> res4 = xt::sum(INPUT, 1);                  \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res3, res4); 
+    EXPECT_EQ(res3, res4);
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, single_axis_sugar)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_array_of_optional);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, single_axis_sugar)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_array_optional);       
-    } 
+        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_array_optional);
+    }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, single_axis_sugar)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+        TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS
 
@@ -478,19 +478,19 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, sum_all)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_of_optional);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, sum_all)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_optional);       
-    } 
+        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_array_optional);
+    }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, sum_all)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+        TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL
 
@@ -512,19 +512,19 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, prod)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_array_of_optional);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, prod)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_array_optional);       
-    } 
+        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_array_optional);
+    }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, prod)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+        TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_PROD
 
@@ -566,19 +566,19 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, mean)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_array_of_optional);   
+        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_array_of_optional);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, mean)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_array_optional);       
-    } 
+        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_array_optional);
+    }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, mean)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_optional_assembly);        
+        TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_MEAN
 
@@ -620,19 +620,19 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, average)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_array_of_optional);   
+        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_array_of_optional);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, average)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_array_optional);       
-    } 
+        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_array_optional);
+    }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, average)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_optional_assembly);        
+        TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_optional_assembly);
     }
 #undef TEST_OPT_AVERAGE
 
@@ -664,19 +664,19 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, count_nonzero)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_array_of_optional);   
+        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_array_of_optional);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, count_nonzero)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_array_optional);       
-    } 
+        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_array_optional);
+    }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, count_nonzero)
     {
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_optional_assembly);        
+        TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(feats.m_simple_optional_assembly);
     }
 */
 #undef TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(b.dimension(), 0u);
         EXPECT_EQ(minmax(b)(), (A{1.2, 1.2}));
     }
-    
+
     template <std::size_t... I, std::size_t... J>
     bool operator==(fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>)
     {
@@ -952,18 +952,18 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> a = xt::reshape_view(xt::arange<double>(5 * 5 * 5 * 5), {5, 5, 5, 5});
 
-        auto res = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);   
+        auto res = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
         EXPECT_EQ(res.shape(), (std::array<std::size_t, 4>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
-        auto res2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims);   
+        auto res2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims);
         EXPECT_EQ(res2.shape(), (std::array<std::size_t, 4>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
 
         xt::xarray<double> b = a;
-        auto res3 = xt::sum(b, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);   
+        auto res3 = xt::sum(b, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
         EXPECT_EQ(res3.shape(), (xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
-        auto res4 = xt::sum(b, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy);   
+        auto res4 = xt::sum(b, {0, 1}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy);
         EXPECT_EQ(res4.shape(), (xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>{1, 1, 5, 5}));
 
-        xt::xarray<double> resx3 = xt::sum(a, {0, 1});   
+        xt::xarray<double> resx3 = xt::sum(a, {0, 1});
         auto exp1 = xt::sum(a, {0, 1});
 
         EXPECT_EQ(res, res2);
@@ -989,15 +989,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> a = xt::reshape_view(xt::arange<double>(5 * 5 * 5 * 5), {5, 5, 5, 5});
 
-        auto res = xt::sum(a, {0, 2}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate | initial(5));   
+        auto res = xt::sum(a, {0, 2}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate | initial(5));
         auto reso = xt::sum(a, {0, 2}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
         EXPECT_EQ(res, reso + 5);
 
-        xt::xarray<double> res2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 2}, xt::keep_dims | initial(5));   
-        auto reso2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 2}, xt::keep_dims);   
+        xt::xarray<double> res2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 2}, xt::keep_dims | initial(5));
+        auto reso2 = xt::sum(a, {0, 2}, xt::keep_dims);
         EXPECT_EQ(res2, reso2 + 5);
 
-        auto re0 = xt::prod(a, {1, 2}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate | initial(0));   
+        auto re0 = xt::prod(a, {1, 2}, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate | initial(0));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(equal(re0, 0.)));
 
         auto rex0 = xt::prod(a, {1, 2}, initial(0));
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer, zero_shape)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> x = xt::zeros<int>({ 0, 1 });
-        
+
         auto res0 = xt::sum(x, { 0 }, xt::keep_dims);
         EXPECT_EQ(res0.shape()[0], size_t(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(res0.shape()[1], size_t(1));
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto result1 = xt::mean(a, { 1 });
         auto expected1 = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 0, 1});
         EXPECT_EQ(result1, expected1);
-       
+
         auto result2 = xt::mean(a, { 2 });
         auto expected2 = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 1});
         EXPECT_EQ(result2.shape(), expected2.shape());
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
index f67a6897d..b5b2b04eb 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
@@ -26,4 +26,3 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::complex<double>> res = xt::conj(cmplarg_0);
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/test/test_xstorage.cpp b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
index 16d331191..91ab15abe 100644
--- a/test/test_xstorage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ namespace xt
         svector_type e(src);
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(10), d.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), d[2]);
-        
+
         svector_type f = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(4), f.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), f[2]);
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(svector, assign)
     {
         svector_type a = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
-        
+
         svector_type src1(10, 2);
         a = src1;
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(10), a.size());
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(i, a[i]);
         }
     }
-    
+
     TEST(fixed_shape, fixed_shape)
     {
         fixed_shape<3, 4, 5> af;
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index e6956a6ab..142443f98 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, on_xbroadcast)
     {
-        xarray<double, layout_type::column_major> a = 
+        xarray<double, layout_type::column_major> a =
           {{  0.0,  1.0,  2.0},
            { 10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
 

From da911984198b9924056ad29b5d65eece64478a1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2022 13:35:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 354/606] Fix line ending

---
 docs/source/binder-logo.svg          |  68 +++++------
 docs/source/debian.svg               | 172 +++++++++++++--------------
 docs/source/xsimd.svg                |  60 +++++-----
 docs/source/xtensor-blas-small.svg   | 106 ++++++++---------
 docs/source/xtensor-blas.svg         | 106 ++++++++---------
 docs/source/xtensor-julia-small.svg  | 122 +++++++++----------
 docs/source/xtensor-julia.svg        | 122 +++++++++----------
 docs/source/xtensor-python-small.svg | 120 +++++++++----------
 docs/source/xtensor-python.svg       | 120 +++++++++----------
 docs/source/xtensor-r-small.svg      |  96 +++++++--------
 docs/source/xtensor-r.svg            |  96 +++++++--------
 docs/source/xtensor.svg              |  70 +++++------
 12 files changed, 629 insertions(+), 629 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/binder-logo.svg b/docs/source/binder-logo.svg
index bd8e188ee..b548a4d7b 100644
--- a/docs/source/binder-logo.svg
+++ b/docs/source/binder-logo.svg
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
 <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1"
-	 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="424.236px"
-	 height="131.176px" viewBox="0 0 212.118 65.883" enable-background="new 0 0 212.118 65.883" xml:space="preserve">
-<switch>
+	 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="424.236px"
+	 height="131.176px" viewBox="0 0 212.118 65.883" enable-background="new 0 0 212.118 65.883" xml:space="preserve">
+<switch>
 	<g>
-		<g>
-			<path fill="#545454" d="M50.751,48.727V12.472h7.251v17.547c1.885-2.32,4.544-3.094,7.299-3.094
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-				c2.9,0,5.076-2.514,5.076-5.317s-2.175-5.317-5.076-5.317s-5.076,2.514-5.076,5.317S60.178,43.409,63.078,43.409z"/>
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-		</g>
-		<circle fill="none" stroke="#F5A252" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="27.879" cy="23.939" r="9.542"/>
-		<circle fill="none" stroke="#579ACA" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="27.879" cy="42.499" r="9.543"/>
-		<circle fill="none" stroke="#E66581" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="18.551" cy="33.289" r="9.543"/>
-		<path fill="none" stroke="#579ACA" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M20.196,36.836
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-		<path fill="none" stroke="#F5A252" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M19.61,28.701
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-	</g>
-</switch>
-</svg>
+		<g>
+			<path fill="#545454" d="M50.751,48.727V12.472h7.251v17.547c1.885-2.32,4.544-3.094,7.299-3.094
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+				/>
+		</g>
+		<circle fill="none" stroke="#F5A252" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="27.879" cy="23.939" r="9.542"/>
+		<circle fill="none" stroke="#579ACA" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="27.879" cy="42.499" r="9.543"/>
+		<circle fill="none" stroke="#E66581" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="18.551" cy="33.289" r="9.543"/>
+		<path fill="none" stroke="#579ACA" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M20.196,36.836
+			c0.759-1.031,1.74-1.927,2.921-2.607c4.566-2.63,10.401-1.06,13.031,3.507"/>
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diff --git a/docs/source/debian.svg b/docs/source/debian.svg
index 20a1f571b..95e2af95f 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-blas-small.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-blas-small.svg
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-blas.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-blas.svg
index 9ab9f9481..759457fd9 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-julia-small.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-julia-small.svg
index 4b31c814b..83b094d96 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-julia.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-julia.svg
index cba4c7fb1..ca0908cc4 100644
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index 08f6215d0..dd16451bc 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-python.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-python.svg
index 181465f92..d72126d26 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-r-small.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-r-small.svg
index 5e3a5cd99..5cb8b8d2b 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-r.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-r.svg
index de03f1aed..51a06fced 100644
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+			c-9.5,0-10.8,8-10.8,15v16.9c0.8,0.6,1.6,1.2,2.6,1.6V28.4c0-7.9,1.2-13.5,8.6-13.5h0.6c7.5,0,8.6,5.5,8.6,13.5v17.8
+			c0.9-0.4,1.8-1,2.6-1.6V27.8C147.1,20.6,145.7,12.6,136.3,12.6z M168.9,28c-5-1.4-8-2.7-8-6.8c0-4.8,3.3-6.2,7.6-6.2
+			c2.8,0,5.4,0.4,7.8,1.6l1-2.2c-2.8-1.4-5.8-1.7-8.8-1.7c-5.2,0-9.9,2.4-9.9,8.3s4.2,7.8,9.4,9.2c4.9,1.3,8.8,2.4,8.8,6.7
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+			C179.1,30.9,174.4,29.6,168.9,28z"/>
+		<path class="st3" d="M27.4,25.2c-0.6,0.9-1.4,2.1-2.3,3.3c3.7,5.5,8.8,13.3,9.3,13.9c1.3,2.2,3.1,4.1,5.2,5.5c0,0.1,2.3,1.4,5,2.3
+			c0.2,0,0.4,0.1,0.5,0.1h5.2V48c-1.9-0.2-3.5-0.4-4.3-0.8c-2.2-0.6-3.8-1.7-3.8-1.7c-1.6-1-2.8-2.3-3.8-3.7
+			c-0.4-0.8-7.1-10.7-10.9-16.4l0,0C27.5,25.4,27.5,25.3,27.4,25.2 M5.2,0H0v2.4c1.9,0.2,3.5,0.4,4.3,0.8c2.2,0.6,3.8,1.7,3.8,1.7
+			c1.6,1,2.8,2.3,3.8,3.7C12.3,9.3,19,19.2,22.8,25l0,0c0,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.2c0.6-0.9,1.4-2.1,2.3-3.3c-3.7-5.5-8.8-13.3-9.3-13.9
+			c-1.3-2.2-3.1-4.1-5.2-5.5c0-0.1-2.3-1.4-5-2.3C5.6,0.1,5.4,0,5.2,0"/>
+	</g>
+</g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor.svg b/docs/source/xtensor.svg
index df4cdb2fb..701a6757c 100644
--- a/docs/source/xtensor.svg
+++ b/docs/source/xtensor.svg
@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 21.1.0, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0)  -->
-<svg version="1.1" id="Calque_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
-	 viewBox="0 0 221 46.7" style="enable-background:new 0 0 221 46.7;" width="709.850107" height="150" xml:space="preserve">
-<style type="text/css">
-	.st0{fill:#7FD787;}
-	.st1{opacity:0.28;fill:#7FD787;enable-background:new    ;}
-</style>
-<path class="st0" d="M73.8,14.7L73.8,14.7L73.8,14.7L73.8,14.7z M66.1,35.5c-0.5-1.1-0.7-2.3-0.7-3.5c0-0.8,0-17.4,0-17.4h8.4
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-	c-0.9-1.3-2-2.5-3.5-3.4c0,0-1.5-1-3.5-1.6C3.2,2.6,1.8,2.4,0,2.2v42.4c1.8-0.2,3.2-0.4,4-0.7c2-0.6,3.5-1.6,3.5-1.6
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-	c0.8-0.4,1.7-0.9,2.4-1.5V25.7C136.2,19.1,134.9,11.7,126.2,11.7z M156.3,25.9c-4.6-1.3-7.4-2.5-7.4-6.3c0-4.4,3.1-5.7,7-5.7
-	c2.6,0,5,0.4,7.2,1.5l0.9-2c-2.6-1.3-5.4-1.6-8.1-1.6c-4.8,0-9.2,2.2-9.2,7.7s3.9,7.2,8.7,8.5c4.5,1.2,8.1,2.2,8.1,6.2
-	c0,4.9-3.5,6.5-7.4,6.5c-3.5,0-6.9-0.9-9.4-2.6l-1,1.9c3,2,6.6,2.7,10.5,2.7c5.1,0,9.6-2.3,9.6-8.5
-	C165.8,28.6,161.4,27.4,156.3,25.9z"/>
-<path class="st1" d="M25.4,23.3c-0.6,0.8-1.3,1.9-2.1,3.1c3.4,5.1,8.1,12.3,8.6,12.9c1.2,2,2.9,3.8,4.8,5.1c0,0.1,2.1,1.3,4.6,2.1
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-</svg>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 21.1.0, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0)  -->
+<svg version="1.1" id="Calque_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
+	 viewBox="0 0 221 46.7" style="enable-background:new 0 0 221 46.7;" width="709.850107" height="150" xml:space="preserve">
+<style type="text/css">
+	.st0{fill:#7FD787;}
+	.st1{opacity:0.28;fill:#7FD787;enable-background:new    ;}
+</style>
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+	c0,12.6,5.5,15.5,12.3,15.5c3.7,0,6.9-0.7,9.6-2.3l-0.9-2c-2.8,1.6-5.4,2.2-8.7,2.2c-5.4,0-9.6-1.9-10-11.5v-1.2h20.8l0,0v-0.8
+	C104.9,15.6,100.6,11.8,93.5,11.8z M83.9,25.9c0.2-10.2,4.7-12,9.5-12c5.3,0,9,2.8,9,12H83.9z M126.2,11.7h-1.3
+	c-8.8,0-10,7.4-10,13.9v15.6c0.7,0.6,1.5,1.1,2.4,1.5V26.3c0-7.3,1.1-12.5,8-12.5h0.6c6.9,0,8,5.1,8,12.5v16.5
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+	c2.6,0,5,0.4,7.2,1.5l0.9-2c-2.6-1.3-5.4-1.6-8.1-1.6c-4.8,0-9.2,2.2-9.2,7.7s3.9,7.2,8.7,8.5c4.5,1.2,8.1,2.2,8.1,6.2
+	c0,4.9-3.5,6.5-7.4,6.5c-3.5,0-6.9-0.9-9.4-2.6l-1,1.9c3,2,6.6,2.7,10.5,2.7c5.1,0,9.6-2.3,9.6-8.5
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+<path class="st1" d="M25.4,23.3c-0.6,0.8-1.3,1.9-2.1,3.1c3.4,5.1,8.1,12.3,8.6,12.9c1.2,2,2.9,3.8,4.8,5.1c0,0.1,2.1,1.3,4.6,2.1
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+	c-1.2-2-2.9-3.8-4.8-5.1c0-0.1-2.1-1.3-4.6-2.1C5.2,0.1,5,0,4.8,0"/>
+</svg>

From a25380642f26c5984ae72b0edd79838aee6e5e4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2022 13:38:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 355/606] Remove tabs

---
 docs/make.bat                        | 310 +++++++++++++--------------
 docs/source/binder-logo.svg          |  60 +++---
 docs/source/debian.svg               | 160 +++++++-------
 docs/source/numpy.svg                | 168 +++++++--------
 docs/source/xframe.svg               |   4 +-
 docs/source/xsimd-small.svg          |   4 +-
 docs/source/xsimd.svg                |  44 ++--
 docs/source/xtensor-blas-small.svg   |  90 ++++----
 docs/source/xtensor-blas.svg         |  90 ++++----
 docs/source/xtensor-fftw.svg         |   6 +-
 docs/source/xtensor-io-small.svg     |   6 +-
 docs/source/xtensor-io.svg           |   6 +-
 docs/source/xtensor-julia-small.svg  | 106 ++++-----
 docs/source/xtensor-julia.svg        | 106 ++++-----
 docs/source/xtensor-python-small.svg | 104 ++++-----
 docs/source/xtensor-python.svg       | 104 ++++-----
 docs/source/xtensor-r-small.svg      |  80 +++----
 docs/source/xtensor-r.svg            |  80 +++----
 docs/source/xtensor-ros.svg          |   6 +-
 docs/source/xtensor.svg              |  54 ++---
 docs/source/xtl.svg                  |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp           |  16 +-
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp           |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp          |   4 +-
 test/files/generate.py               |  10 +-
 test/files/preprocess.py             | 122 +++++------
 test/test_xchunked_view.cpp          |   2 +-
 test/test_xindex_view.cpp            |   2 +-
 test/test_xinfo.cpp                  |  14 +-
 test/test_xmasked_view.cpp           |   8 +-
 test/test_xsort.cpp                  |  10 +-
 31 files changed, 892 insertions(+), 892 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/make.bat b/docs/make.bat
index 0df92b465..07de3322c 100644
--- a/docs/make.bat
+++ b/docs/make.bat
@@ -3,48 +3,48 @@
 REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
 
 if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
-	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
+    set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
 )
 set BUILDDIR=build
 set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% source
 set I18NSPHINXOPTS=%SPHINXOPTS% source
 if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" (
-	set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%
-	set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS%
+    set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%
+    set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS%
 )
 
 if "%1" == "" goto help
 
 if "%1" == "help" (
-	:help
-	echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of
-	echo.  html       to make standalone HTML files
-	echo.  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories
-	echo.  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file
-	echo.  pickle     to make pickle files
-	echo.  json       to make JSON files
-	echo.  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project
-	echo.  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project
-	echo.  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
-	echo.  epub       to make an epub
-	echo.  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
-	echo.  text       to make text files
-	echo.  man        to make manual pages
-	echo.  texinfo    to make Texinfo files
-	echo.  gettext    to make PO message catalogs
-	echo.  changes    to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items
-	echo.  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files
-	echo.  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes
-	echo.  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity
-	echo.  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled
-	echo.  coverage   to run coverage check of the documentation if enabled
-	goto end
+    :help
+    echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of
+    echo.  html       to make standalone HTML files
+    echo.  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories
+    echo.  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file
+    echo.  pickle     to make pickle files
+    echo.  json       to make JSON files
+    echo.  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project
+    echo.  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project
+    echo.  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
+    echo.  epub       to make an epub
+    echo.  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
+    echo.  text       to make text files
+    echo.  man        to make manual pages
+    echo.  texinfo    to make Texinfo files
+    echo.  gettext    to make PO message catalogs
+    echo.  changes    to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items
+    echo.  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files
+    echo.  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes
+    echo.  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity
+    echo.  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled
+    echo.  coverage   to run coverage check of the documentation if enabled
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "clean" (
-	for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i
-	del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*
-	goto end
+    for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i
+    del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*
+    goto end
 )
 
 
@@ -58,15 +58,15 @@ goto sphinx_ok
 set SPHINXBUILD=python -m sphinx.__init__
 %SPHINXBUILD% 2> nul
 if errorlevel 9009 (
-	echo.
-	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
-	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
-	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
-	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
-	echo.
-	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
-	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
-	exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+    echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+    echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+    echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
+    echo.
+    echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+    echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+    exit /b 1
 )
 
 :sphinx_ok
@@ -74,191 +74,191 @@ if errorlevel 9009 (
 
 if "%1" == "html" (
         doxygen
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "dirhtml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "singlehtml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "pickle" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "json" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "htmlhelp" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^
 .hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp.
-	goto end
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "qthelp" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^
 .qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this:
-	echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\packagename.qhcp
-	echo.To view the help file:
-	echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\packagename.ghc
-	goto end
+    echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\packagename.qhcp
+    echo.To view the help file:
+    echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\packagename.ghc
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "devhelp" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "epub" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "latex" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "latexpdf" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	make all-pdf
-	cd %~dp0
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+    cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
+    make all-pdf
+    cd %~dp0
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "latexpdfja" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	make all-pdf-ja
-	cd %~dp0
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+    cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
+    make all-pdf-ja
+    cd %~dp0
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "text" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "man" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "texinfo" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "gettext" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "changes" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "linkcheck" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^
 or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt.
-	goto end
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "doctest" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^
 results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt.
-	goto end
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "coverage" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b coverage %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/coverage
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the ^
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b coverage %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/coverage
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the ^
 results in %BUILDDIR%/coverage/python.txt.
-	goto end
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "xml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b xml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/xml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/xml.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b xml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/xml
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/xml.
+    goto end
 )
 
 if "%1" == "pseudoxml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pseudoxml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml.
-	goto end
+    %SPHINXBUILD% -b pseudoxml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml
+    if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+    echo.
+    echo.Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml.
+    goto end
 )
 
 :end
diff --git a/docs/source/binder-logo.svg b/docs/source/binder-logo.svg
index b548a4d7b..d288b74fd 100644
--- a/docs/source/binder-logo.svg
+++ b/docs/source/binder-logo.svg
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
 <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1"
-	 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="424.236px"
-	 height="131.176px" viewBox="0 0 212.118 65.883" enable-background="new 0 0 212.118 65.883" xml:space="preserve">
+     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="424.236px"
+     height="131.176px" viewBox="0 0 212.118 65.883" enable-background="new 0 0 212.118 65.883" xml:space="preserve">
 <switch>
-	<g>
-		<g>
-			<path fill="#545454" d="M50.751,48.727V12.472h7.251v17.547c1.885-2.32,4.544-3.094,7.299-3.094
-				c6.042,0,10.586,5.269,10.586,11.167S71.344,49.21,65.302,49.21c-2.755,0-5.849-0.87-7.299-3.046v2.562H50.751z M63.078,43.409
-				c2.9,0,5.076-2.514,5.076-5.317s-2.175-5.317-5.076-5.317s-5.076,2.514-5.076,5.317S60.178,43.409,63.078,43.409z"/>
-			<path fill="#545454" d="M84.35,15.855c2.32,0,4.254,1.885,4.254,4.254c0,2.32-1.934,4.254-4.254,4.254
-				c-2.369,0-4.254-1.934-4.254-4.254C80.096,17.741,81.981,15.855,84.35,15.855z M80.724,48.727V27.409h7.251v21.318H80.724z"/>
-			<path fill="#545454" d="M115.819,48.727h-7.25V36.642c0-2.514-0.967-3.867-3.239-3.867s-4.061,2.417-4.061,5.317v10.635h-7.251
-				V27.409h7.251v2.61c1.45-1.837,3.722-3.094,6.526-3.094c5.704,0,8.024,3.916,8.024,9.716V48.727z"/>
-			<path fill="#545454" d="M144.826,48.727h-7.251v-2.562c-1.45,2.176-4.592,3.046-7.299,3.046c-6.043,0-10.587-5.221-10.587-11.118
-				s4.544-11.167,10.587-11.167c2.707,0,5.414,0.773,7.299,3.094V12.472h7.251V48.727z M132.499,32.774
-				c-2.9,0-5.075,2.514-5.075,5.317s2.175,5.317,5.075,5.317s5.076-2.514,5.076-5.317S135.399,32.774,132.499,32.774z"/>
-			<path fill="#545454" d="M173.639,38.962h-16.532c0,2.466,1.74,5.075,4.592,5.075c2.562,0,4.158-1.691,4.206-3.238h7.396
-				c-1.256,5.607-5.801,8.411-11.456,8.411c-7.348,0-12.423-4.351-12.423-11.118c0-6.671,5.269-11.167,12.423-11.167
-				c6.478,0,11.843,3.867,11.843,10.683C173.687,38.043,173.639,38.527,173.639,38.962z M166.726,35.53c0,0-0.338-3.964-4.736-3.964
-				c-4.545,0-4.786,3.964-4.786,3.964H166.726z"/>
-			<path fill="#545454" d="M185.532,38.092v10.635h-7.251V27.409h7.251v2.61c1.111-1.595,2.949-3.094,5.607-3.094
-				c0.629,0,1.596,0.193,2.176,0.483v6.574h-0.098c-0.725-0.87-1.788-1.208-2.9-1.208C187.61,32.774,185.532,35.53,185.532,38.092z"
-				/>
-		</g>
-		<circle fill="none" stroke="#F5A252" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="27.879" cy="23.939" r="9.542"/>
-		<circle fill="none" stroke="#579ACA" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="27.879" cy="42.499" r="9.543"/>
-		<circle fill="none" stroke="#E66581" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="18.551" cy="33.289" r="9.543"/>
-		<path fill="none" stroke="#579ACA" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M20.196,36.836
-			c0.759-1.031,1.74-1.927,2.921-2.607c4.566-2.63,10.401-1.06,13.031,3.507"/>
-		<path fill="none" stroke="#F5A252" stroke-width="4.8342" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M19.61,28.701
-			c-2.63-4.566-1.061-10.401,3.507-13.032c4.567-2.63,10.401-1.059,13.031,3.508"/>
-	</g>
+    <g>
+        <g>
+            <path fill="#545454" d="M50.751,48.727V12.472h7.251v17.547c1.885-2.32,4.544-3.094,7.299-3.094
+                c6.042,0,10.586,5.269,10.586,11.167S71.344,49.21,65.302,49.21c-2.755,0-5.849-0.87-7.299-3.046v2.562H50.751z M63.078,43.409
+                c2.9,0,5.076-2.514,5.076-5.317s-2.175-5.317-5.076-5.317s-5.076,2.514-5.076,5.317S60.178,43.409,63.078,43.409z"/>
+            <path fill="#545454" d="M84.35,15.855c2.32,0,4.254,1.885,4.254,4.254c0,2.32-1.934,4.254-4.254,4.254
+                c-2.369,0-4.254-1.934-4.254-4.254C80.096,17.741,81.981,15.855,84.35,15.855z M80.724,48.727V27.409h7.251v21.318H80.724z"/>
+            <path fill="#545454" d="M115.819,48.727h-7.25V36.642c0-2.514-0.967-3.867-3.239-3.867s-4.061,2.417-4.061,5.317v10.635h-7.251
+                V27.409h7.251v2.61c1.45-1.837,3.722-3.094,6.526-3.094c5.704,0,8.024,3.916,8.024,9.716V48.727z"/>
+            <path fill="#545454" d="M144.826,48.727h-7.251v-2.562c-1.45,2.176-4.592,3.046-7.299,3.046c-6.043,0-10.587-5.221-10.587-11.118
+                s4.544-11.167,10.587-11.167c2.707,0,5.414,0.773,7.299,3.094V12.472h7.251V48.727z M132.499,32.774
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diff --git a/docs/source/debian.svg b/docs/source/debian.svg
index 95e2af95f..923265199 100644
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index 2302eca1c..4fa903af1 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-blas.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-blas.svg
index 759457fd9..86714cb23 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-julia.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-julia.svg
index ca0908cc4..9f80f2ff1 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-r-small.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-r-small.svg
index 5cb8b8d2b..ff7958a87 100644
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diff --git a/docs/source/xtensor-r.svg b/docs/source/xtensor-r.svg
index 51a06fced..c07afc656 100644
--- a/docs/source/xtensor-r.svg
+++ b/docs/source/xtensor-r.svg
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-	C9,5.4,10.1,6.6,11,7.9c0.4,0.7,6.6,9.9,10.1,15.2l0,0c0,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.2c0.6-0.8,1.3-1.9,2.1-3.1c-3.4-5.1-8.1-12.3-8.6-12.9
-	c-1.2-2-2.9-3.8-4.8-5.1c0-0.1-2.1-1.3-4.6-2.1C5.2,0.1,5,0,4.8,0"/>
+    c0.2,0,0.4,0.1,0.5,0.1h4.8v-2.2c-1.8-0.2-3.2-0.4-4-0.7c-2-0.6-3.5-1.6-3.5-1.6c-1.5-0.9-2.6-2.1-3.5-3.4
+    C35.2,38,29,28.8,25.5,23.5l0,0C25.5,23.5,25.5,23.4,25.4,23.3 M4.8,0H0v2.2c1.8,0.2,3.2,0.4,4,0.7c2,0.6,3.5,1.6,3.5,1.6
+    C9,5.4,10.1,6.6,11,7.9c0.4,0.7,6.6,9.9,10.1,15.2l0,0c0,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.2c0.6-0.8,1.3-1.9,2.1-3.1c-3.4-5.1-8.1-12.3-8.6-12.9
+    c-1.2-2-2.9-3.8-4.8-5.1c0-0.1-2.1-1.3-4.6-2.1C5.2,0.1,5,0,4.8,0"/>
 </svg>
diff --git a/docs/source/xtl.svg b/docs/source/xtl.svg
index 52318e2eb..2e7eea7a0 100644
--- a/docs/source/xtl.svg
+++ b/docs/source/xtl.svg
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
      inkscape:current-layer="Calque_1" /><style
      type="text/css"
      id="style20">
-	.st0{fill:#7FD787;}
-	.st1{opacity:0.28;fill:#7FD787;enable-background:new    ;}
+    .st0{fill:#7FD787;}
+    .st1{opacity:0.28;fill:#7FD787;enable-background:new    ;}
 </style><path
      class="st0"
      d="m 73.8,14.700001 0,0 0,0 z M 66.1,35.5 C 65.6,34.400001 65.4,33.200001 65.4,32 l 0,-17.399999 8.4,0 -1.1,-2.1 -7.3,0 0,-7.700001 -2.4,0 0,7.600001 -7.4,0 -1.1,2.2 8.5,0 L 63,31.3 c -0.1,1.8 0.2,3.6 0.8,5.1 0,0.1 0.7,1.5 1.8,2.9 0.6,0.6 1.7,1.6 3.2,2.7 l 1.1,-2.2 c -1.2,-0.8 -2,-1.5 -2.5,-2 -0.8,-1.2 -1.3,-2.3 -1.3,-2.3 z M 39.2,4.5 c -1.5,0.9 -2.6,2.1 -3.5,3.4 -0.4,0.7000004 -6.6,9.900001 -10.1,15.2 -2.9,4.400001 -10.3,15.5 -10.8,16.200001 -1.2,2 -2.9,3.799999 -4.8,5.1 0,0.1 -2.1,1.3 -4.6,2.1 -0.2,0 -0.4,0.1 -0.5,0.1 l 36.8,0 c -0.1,0 -0.2,-0.1 -0.4,-0.1 -2.5,-0.8 -4.5,-2 -4.6,-2.1 -1.9,-1.3 -3.6,-3.1 -4.8,-5.1 L 23.3,26.4 c 0.8,-1.199999 1.5,-2.3 2.1,-3.1 0,0.1 0.1,0.1 0.1,0.2 3.5,5.3 9.7,14.5 10.1,15.200001 0.9,1.299999 2,2.5 3.5,3.399999 0,0 1.5,1 3.5,1.600001 0.8,0.299999 2.2,0.5 4,0.7 l 0,2.1 0.1,0 L 46.7,2.2 c -1.8,0.2 -3.2,0.4 -4,0.7 -2,0.6 -3.5,1.6 -3.5,1.6 z M 11,38.800001 C 11.4,38.1 17.6,28.9 21.1,23.6 24,19.1 31.4,8.1 31.9,7.3 c 1.2,-2 2.9,-3.8 4.8,-5.1 0,-0.1 2.1,-1.3 4.6,-2.1 0.2,0 0.4,-0.1 0.5,-0.1 L 5,0 c 0.1,0 0.3,0.1 0.4,0.1 2.5,0.8 4.5,2 4.6,2.1 1.9,1.3 3.6,3.1 4.8,5.1 l 8.6,12.900001 c -0.8,1.199999 -1.5,2.3 -2.1,3.1 0,-0.1 -0.1,-0.1 -0.1,-0.200001 C 17.6,17.9 11.4,8.6000004 11,7.9 10.1,6.6 9,5.4 7.5,4.5 7.5,4.5 6,3.5 4,2.9 3.2,2.6 1.8,2.4 0,2.2 l 0,42.4 c 1.8,-0.199999 3.2,-0.399999 4,-0.699999 2,-0.6 3.5,-1.6 3.5,-1.6 1.5,-1.1 2.7,-2.200001 3.5,-3.5 z"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index 6208c0c89..4a8815909 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -404,8 +404,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -430,8 +430,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
     //@}
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 82ffed45b..c5bdf3db7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -629,8 +629,8 @@ namespace xt
     inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_initializer_list_shape<N>::run(t, this->shape()) == true, "initializer list shape does not match fixed shape");
-	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
     //@}
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 8555c2fbb..ee58bb923 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -426,8 +426,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t), true);
-	constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-	L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/files/generate.py b/test/files/generate.py
index f44cca8fd..ccb5aa01f 100644
--- a/test/files/generate.py
+++ b/test/files/generate.py
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 include_file = "#include <string>\n\n"
 
 for f in fs:
-	with open(f) as ff:
-		ctn = ff.read()
-		n = f.split("/")[1]
-		include_file += "static std::string {} = R\"xio({})xio\";\n\n\n".format(n[:-4], ctn)
+    with open(f) as ff:
+        ctn = ff.read()
+        n = f.split("/")[1]
+        include_file += "static std::string {} = R\"xio({})xio\";\n\n\n".format(n[:-4], ctn)
 
 with open("xio_expected_results.hpp", "w+") as fo:
-	fo.write(include_file)
+    fo.write(include_file)
diff --git a/test/files/preprocess.py b/test/files/preprocess.py
index 8d1a2f0b4..9152963fc 100644
--- a/test/files/preprocess.py
+++ b/test/files/preprocess.py
@@ -47,68 +47,68 @@ def get_cpp_initlist(arr, name):
 
 
 def translate_file(contents, f):
-	current_vars = {}
-
-	matches = re.findall(r"\/\*py.*?\*\/", contents, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
-
-	def exec_comment(txt, upper_level=False):
-		lines = txt.split('\n')
-		if upper_level:
-			txt = '\n'.join(["import numpy as np"] + [x.strip() for x in lines[1:-1]])
-		locals_before = list(locals().keys())
-		exec(txt, globals(), current_vars)
-		current_vars.update(
-			{x: val for x, val in locals().items() if x not in locals_before}
-		)
-
-	result_file = ""
-
-	idx = 0
-	lidx = 0
-	for line in contents.split('\n'):
-		if lidx == 8:
-			f = os.path.split(f)[1]
-			result_file += "// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/{} by preprocess.py!\n".format(f)
-			result_file += "// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! " \
-						   "Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.\n\n"
-
-		lstrip = line.lstrip()
-		if lstrip.startswith("/*py"):
-			exec_comment(matches[idx], True)
-			idx += 1
-		if lstrip.startswith("// py_"):
-			indent_n = len(line) - len(lstrip)
-			if '=' in lstrip:
-				exec_comment(lstrip[6:])
-				var = line.strip()[6:lstrip.index('=')].strip()
-			else:
-				var = line.strip()[6:]
-			indent = line[:indent_n]
-			init_list = get_cpp_initlist(current_vars[var], 'py_' + var)
-			init_list = '\n'.join([indent + x for x in init_list.split('\n')])
-			result_file += line + '\n'
-			result_file += init_list + '\n'
-		else:
-			result_file += line + '\n'
-		lidx += 1
-	return result_file
+    current_vars = {}
+
+    matches = re.findall(r"\/\*py.*?\*\/", contents, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
+
+    def exec_comment(txt, upper_level=False):
+        lines = txt.split('\n')
+        if upper_level:
+            txt = '\n'.join(["import numpy as np"] + [x.strip() for x in lines[1:-1]])
+        locals_before = list(locals().keys())
+        exec(txt, globals(), current_vars)
+        current_vars.update(
+            {x: val for x, val in locals().items() if x not in locals_before}
+        )
+
+    result_file = ""
+
+    idx = 0
+    lidx = 0
+    for line in contents.split('\n'):
+        if lidx == 8:
+            f = os.path.split(f)[1]
+            result_file += "// This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/{} by preprocess.py!\n".format(f)
+            result_file += "// Warning: This file should not be modified directly! " \
+                           "Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.\n\n"
+
+        lstrip = line.lstrip()
+        if lstrip.startswith("/*py"):
+            exec_comment(matches[idx], True)
+            idx += 1
+        if lstrip.startswith("// py_"):
+            indent_n = len(line) - len(lstrip)
+            if '=' in lstrip:
+                exec_comment(lstrip[6:])
+                var = line.strip()[6:lstrip.index('=')].strip()
+            else:
+                var = line.strip()[6:]
+            indent = line[:indent_n]
+            init_list = get_cpp_initlist(current_vars[var], 'py_' + var)
+            init_list = '\n'.join([indent + x for x in init_list.split('\n')])
+            result_file += line + '\n'
+            result_file += init_list + '\n'
+        else:
+            result_file += line + '\n'
+        lidx += 1
+    return result_file
 
 print("::: PREPROCESSING :::\n")
 
 for f in cppy_files:
-	print(" - PROCESSING {}".format(f))
-
-	global current_vars
-	current_vars = {}  # reset
-
-	with open(f) as fi:
-		contents = fi.read()
-
-	# reset global seed
-	np.random.seed(42)
-	result = translate_file(contents, f)
-	f_result = os.path.split(f)[1]
-	with open(my_path + "/../" + f_result[:-1], 'w+') as fo:
-		fo.write(result)
-	print("::: DONE :::")
-	# print(result)
+    print(" - PROCESSING {}".format(f))
+
+    global current_vars
+    current_vars = {}  # reset
+
+    with open(f) as fi:
+        contents = fi.read()
+
+    # reset global seed
+    np.random.seed(42)
+    result = translate_file(contents, f)
+    f_result = os.path.split(f)[1]
+    with open(my_path + "/../" + f_result[:-1], 'w+') as fo:
+        fo.write(result)
+    print("::: DONE :::")
+    # print(result)
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
index c4d92dc9a..99b260a3a 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-	TEST(xchunked_view, iterate)
+    TEST(xchunked_view, iterate)
     {
         std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {3, 4};
         std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {1, 2};
diff --git a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
index d23d966c3..8bde8a27e 100644
--- a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, e(1, 1));
 
         auto t = v + 3;
-		EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ((e_copy(1, 1) + 6), t(0));
+        EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ((e_copy(1, 1) + 6), t(0));
         EXPECT_EQ((e(1, 1) + 3), t(0));
 
         v = broadcast(123, v.shape());
diff --git a/test/test_xinfo.cpp b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
index 889c1e679..c7483b76e 100644
--- a/test/test_xinfo.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xinfo, compiles)
     {
-    	xarray<double> test = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
-    	std::stringstream ss;
+        xarray<double> test = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        std::stringstream ss;
 
-    	ss << info(test) << std::endl;
+        ss << info(test) << std::endl;
     }
 
     TEST(xinfo, typename)
     {
-    	xarray<double> test = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
-    	auto t_s = type_to_string<typename decltype(test)::value_type>();
-    	std::string expected = "double";
-    	EXPECT_EQ(expected, t_s);
+        xarray<double> test = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        auto t_s = type_to_string<typename decltype(test)::value_type>();
+        std::string expected = "double";
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected, t_s);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
index f11111682..e035f99e5 100644
--- a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
@@ -245,11 +245,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmasked_view, view)
     {
-	xt::xarray<size_t> data = {{0,1}, {2,3}, {4,5}};
-	xt::xarray<size_t> data_new = xt::zeros<size_t>(data.shape());
-	xt::xarray<bool> col_mask = {false, true};
+    xt::xarray<size_t> data = {{0,1}, {2,3}, {4,5}};
+    xt::xarray<size_t> data_new = xt::zeros<size_t>(data.shape());
+    xt::xarray<bool> col_mask = {false, true};
 
-	auto row_masked = xt::masked_view(xt::view(data, 0, xt::all()), col_mask);
+    auto row_masked = xt::masked_view(xt::view(data, 0, xt::all()), col_mask);
         auto new_row_masked = xt::masked_view(xt::view(data_new, 0, xt::all()), col_mask);
 
         row_masked += 10;
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index 8b367f575..eb1b7f5c0 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_3, sort(a, 1));
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-	xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
-	xarr.reshape({4,4});
+    xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
+    xarr.reshape({4,4});
         auto view = xt::reshape_view(xt::transpose(xarr, {1,0}), {2,8});
         EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::sort(view, 0));
 #endif
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(check_partition(r1, 2));
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-	xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
-	xarr.reshape({4,4});
+    xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
+    xarr.reshape({4,4});
         auto view = xt::transpose(xarr, {1,0});
-	EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::partition(view, 1, 0));
+    EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::partition(view, 1, 0));
 #endif
     }
 

From cc92190ebd71b84eb43dad53871c398210a0d26c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2022 13:56:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 356/606] Run pre-commit in CI

---
 .github/workflows/static-analysis.yml | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/static-analysis.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..566ea12d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: Static Analysis
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  pre-commit:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Install micromamba
+        uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@v13
+        with:
+          environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+          environment-name: xtensor-dev
+          cache-downloads: true
+      - name: Set PYTHON_HASH
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: echo "PYTHON_HASH=$(python -VV | sha256sum | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
+          key: precommit-v1-${{ env.PYTHON_HASH }}-${{ hashFiles('.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
+      - name: Pre-commit hooks
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: python -m pre_commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure

From cf37da27291a31de5b142172295fe21b9627974b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2022 11:00:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 357/606] Use pre-commit action

---
 .github/workflows/static-analysis.yml | 11 +----------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
index 566ea12d7..c276c5e61 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
@@ -17,13 +17,4 @@ jobs:
           environment-file: environment-dev.yml
           environment-name: xtensor-dev
           cache-downloads: true
-      - name: Set PYTHON_HASH
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-        run: echo "PYTHON_HASH=$(python -VV | sha256sum | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
-          key: precommit-v1-${{ env.PYTHON_HASH }}-${{ hashFiles('.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
-      - name: Pre-commit hooks
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-        run: python -m pre_commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure
+      - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0

From 895360f0350b7beb2adae8b95a6b88649ff52dfd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2022 14:45:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 358/606] Remove trailing spaces from xio

---
 include/xtensor/xio.hpp | 22 +++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
index 1c49326ac..a183dfb2d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
@@ -203,21 +203,29 @@ namespace xt
 
                 size_type i = 0;
                 size_type elems_on_line = 0;
-                size_type ewp2 = static_cast<size_type>(element_width) + size_type(2);
-                size_type line_lim = static_cast<size_type>(std::floor(line_width / ewp2));
+                size_type const ewp2 = static_cast<size_type>(element_width) + size_type(2);
+                size_type const line_lim = static_cast<size_type>(std::floor(line_width / ewp2));
 
                 out << '{';
                 for (; i != size_type(view.shape()[0] - 1); ++i)
                 {
                     if (edgeitems && size_type(view.shape()[0]) > (edgeitems * 2) && i == edgeitems)
                     {
-                        out << "..., ";
-                        if (view.dimension() > 1)
+                        if (view.dimension() == 1 && line_lim != 0 && elems_on_line >= line_lim)
+                        {
+                            out << " ...,";
+                        }
+                        else if (view.dimension() > 1)
                         {
                             elems_on_line = 0;
-                            out << std::endl
+                            out << "...,"
+                                << std::endl
                                 << indents;
                         }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            out << "..., ";
+                        }
                         i = size_type(view.shape()[0]) - edgeitems;
                     }
                     if (view.dimension() == 1 && line_lim != 0 && elems_on_line >= line_lim)
@@ -231,11 +239,11 @@ namespace xt
                     slices.pop_back();
                     elems_on_line++;
 
-                    if (view.dimension() == 1)
+                    if ((view.dimension() == 1) && !(line_lim != 0 && elems_on_line >= line_lim))
                     {
                         out << ' ';
                     }
-                    else
+                    else if(view.dimension() > 1)
                     {
                         out << std::endl
                             << indents;

From f0cdde316221290fdbec82dd9a476032ff2fd47e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antoine Prouvost <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2022 14:19:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 359/606] Remove comment from environment file

Co-authored-by: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 environment-dev.yml | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 1448bd14d..3e629c769 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -7,5 +7,4 @@ dependencies:
   - xsimd=9.0.1
   - nlohmann_json
   - doctest=2.4.7
-  # Dev dependencies
   - pre-commit

From e8eb206cb5f4d2a3800491027d8a4eeb0b4ed3fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antoine Prouvost <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2022 14:19:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 360/606] Fix indentation issues

Co-authored-by: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp  | 16 ++++++++--------
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp  |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp |  4 ++--
 test/test_xmasked_view.cpp  |  8 ++++----
 test/test_xsort.cpp         | 10 +++++-----
 5 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index 4a8815909..ce8a4d6b5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+        constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+        L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+        L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -404,8 +404,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+        constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+        L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
         constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+        L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -430,8 +430,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+        constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+        L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
     //@}
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index c5bdf3db7..2661ee0a9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -629,8 +629,8 @@ namespace xt
     inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_initializer_list_shape<N>::run(t, this->shape()) == true, "initializer list shape does not match fixed shape");
-    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+        constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+        L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
     //@}
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index ee58bb923..305377f76 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -426,8 +426,8 @@ namespace xt
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t), true);
-    constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
-    L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
+        constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
+        L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
index e035f99e5..c22215f7d 100644
--- a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
@@ -245,11 +245,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmasked_view, view)
     {
-    xt::xarray<size_t> data = {{0,1}, {2,3}, {4,5}};
-    xt::xarray<size_t> data_new = xt::zeros<size_t>(data.shape());
-    xt::xarray<bool> col_mask = {false, true};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> data = {{0,1}, {2,3}, {4,5}};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> data_new = xt::zeros<size_t>(data.shape());
+        xt::xarray<bool> col_mask = {false, true};
 
-    auto row_masked = xt::masked_view(xt::view(data, 0, xt::all()), col_mask);
+        auto row_masked = xt::masked_view(xt::view(data, 0, xt::all()), col_mask);
         auto new_row_masked = xt::masked_view(xt::view(data_new, 0, xt::all()), col_mask);
 
         row_masked += 10;
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index eb1b7f5c0..2b0853bcf 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_3, sort(a, 1));
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-    xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
-    xarr.reshape({4,4});
+        xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
+        xarr.reshape({4,4});
         auto view = xt::reshape_view(xt::transpose(xarr, {1,0}), {2,8});
         EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::sort(view, 0));
 #endif
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(check_partition(r1, 2));
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-    xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
-    xarr.reshape({4,4});
+        xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
+        xarr.reshape({4,4});
         auto view = xt::transpose(xarr, {1,0});
-    EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::partition(view, 1, 0));
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::partition(view, 1, 0));
 #endif
     }
 

From 82f166a36b982a6652c87a6ddd72ea73fb08ee7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2022 10:18:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 361/606] Specialize get_strides_type for xbuffer_adaptor

---
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index f09a26f1a..2b9f439ee 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -858,6 +858,22 @@ namespace xt
         using type = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>;
     };
 
+    template <class CP, class O, class A>
+    class xbuffer_adaptor;
+
+    template <class CP, class O, class A>
+    struct get_strides_type<xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>>
+    {
+        // In bindings this mapping is called by reshape_view with an inner shape of type
+        // xbuffer_adaptor.
+        // Since we cannot create a buffer adaptor holding data, we map it to an std::vector.
+        using type = std::vector<
+            typename xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>::value_type,
+            typename xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>::allocator_type
+         >;
+    };
+
+
     template <class C>
     using get_strides_t = typename get_strides_type<C>::type;
 

From 281bd187d936cecb2d1e141257552e2665e5f119 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Dec 2022 15:35:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 362/606] Deep copy shape in variance

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 17 +++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 836e864bd..d0b5a624f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccumulator.hpp"
 #include "xeval.hpp"
@@ -2108,7 +2109,13 @@ namespace detail {
         auto inner_mean = eval(mean<T>(sc, std::move(axes_copy), evaluation_strategy::immediate));
 
         // fake keep_dims = 1
-        auto keep_dim_shape = e.shape();
+        // Since the inner_shape might have a reference semantic (e.g. xbuffer_adaptor in bindings)
+        // We need to map it to another type before modifying it.
+        // We pragmatically abuse `get_strides_t`
+        using tmp_shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
+        tmp_shape_t keep_dim_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<tmp_shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(
+            e.shape()
+        );
         for (const auto& el : axes)
         {
             keep_dim_shape[el] = 1u;
@@ -2712,7 +2719,13 @@ namespace detail {
         auto inner_mean = nanmean<result_type>(sc, std::move(axes_copy));
 
         // fake keep_dims = 1
-        auto keep_dim_shape = e.shape();
+        // Since the inner_shape might have a reference semantic (e.g. xbuffer_adaptor in bindings)
+        // We need to map it to another type before modifying it.
+        // We pragmatically abuse `get_strides_t`
+        using tmp_shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
+        tmp_shape_t keep_dim_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<tmp_shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(
+            e.shape()
+        );
         for (const auto& el : axes)
         {
             keep_dim_shape[el] = 1;

From 8e56ae7d30f46e09cd6c2c83489b744c78205497 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antoine Prouvost <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Dec 2022 07:18:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 363/606] Improve documentation of NaN functions (#2602)

---
 docs/source/api/xmath.rst |  64 ++++++++++++---------
 docs/source/numpy.rst     | 117 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp |  28 +++++----
 3 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 70 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
index ac64bc619..934879b8a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmath.rst
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    operators
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::operator+`     | identity                                 |
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    index_related
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +------------------------------+----------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::where`        | indices selection    |
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    basic_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::abs`       | absolute value                                     |
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    exponential_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::exp`   | natural exponential function            |
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    power_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +-----------------------+----------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::pow`   | power function       |
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    trigonometric_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::sin`   | sine function                               |
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    hyperbolic_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::sinh`  | hyperbolic sine function            |
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    error_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::erf`    | error function                          |
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    nearint_operations
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::ceil`      | nearest integers not less                    |
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    classif_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::isfinite` | checks for finite values         |
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ Mathematical functions
    reducing_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | :cpp:func:`xt::sum`               | sum of elements over given axes                                     |
@@ -347,12 +347,12 @@ Mathematical functions
    accumulating_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
+   :widths: 30 70
 
    +-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::cumsum`  | cumulative sum of elements over a given axis   |
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cumsum`  | Cumulative sum of elements over a given axis   |
    +-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::cumprod` | cumulative product of elements over given axes |
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::cumprod` | Cumulative product of elements over given axes |
    +-------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
 
 .. toctree::
@@ -360,16 +360,26 @@ Mathematical functions
    nan_functions
 
 .. table::
-   :widths: 50 50
-
-   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::nan_to_num` | convert NaN and +/- inf to finite numbers                  |
-   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::nansum`     | sum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0    |
-   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanprod`    | product of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1  |
-   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::nancumsum`  | cumsum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0 |
-   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :cpp:func:`xt::nancumprod` | cumprod of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1  |
-   +----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+   :widths: 30 70
+
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nan_to_num` | Convert NaN and +/- inf to finite numbers                            |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanmin`     | Min of elements over a given axis, ignoring NaNs                     |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanmax`     | Max of elements over a given axis, ignoring NaNs                     |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nansum`     | Sum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0              |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanprod`    | Product of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1            |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nancumsum`  | Cumulative sum of elements over a given axis, replacing NaN with 0   |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nancumprod` | Cumulative product of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1 |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanmean`    | Mean of elements over given axes, ignoring NaNs                      |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanvar`     | Variance of elements over given axes, ignoring NaNs                  |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :cpp:func:`xt::nanstd`     | Standard deviation of elements over given axes, ignoring NaNs        |
+   +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index f97c6f7db..ba7ece433 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
    The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
 
-From numpy to xtensor
+From NumPy to xtensor
 =====================
 
 .. image:: numpy.svg
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` (static number of dimensions).
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |             Python 3 - numpy                         |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                         |
+   |             Python 3 - NumPy                         |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                         |
    +======================================================+========================================================================+
    | :any:`np.array([[3, 4], [5, 6]]) <numpy.array>`      || :cpp:type:`xt::xarray\<double\>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}}) <xt::xarray>`       |
    |                                                      || :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor\<double, 2\>({{3, 4}, {5, 6}}) <xt::xtensor>`  |
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ expressions.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |             Python 3 - numpy                                   |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
+   |             Python 3 - NumPy                                   |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                    |
    +================================================================+===================================================================+
    | :any:`np.linspace(1.0, 10.0, 100) <numpy.linspace>`            | :cpp:func:`xt::linspace\<double\>(1.0, 10.0, 100) <xt::linspace>` |
    +----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ See :any:`numpy indexing <numpy:arrays.indexing>` page.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |             Python 3 - numpy            |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                                        |
+   |             Python 3 - NumPy            |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                                        |
    +=========================================+===========================================================================+
    | ``a[3, 2]``                             | :cpp:func:`a(3, 2) <xt::xcontainer::operator()>`                          |
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ or temporary variables are created.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |             Python 3 - numpy                        |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                               |
+   |             Python 3 - NumPy                        |                   C++ 14 - xtensor                               |
    +=====================================================+==================================================================+
    | :any:`np.broadcast(a, [4, 5, 7]) <numpy.broadcast>` | :cpp:func:`xt::broadcast(a, {4, 5, 7}) <xt::broadcast>`          |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ See :any:`numpy.random` and :ref:`xtensor random <random>` page.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                                           |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                                   |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                                           |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                                   |
    +=======================================================================+===================================================================================+
    | :any:`np.random.seed(0) <numpy.random.seed>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::random::seed(0) <xt::random::seed>`                                |
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ closures on the specified arguments.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                                                 |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                            |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                                                 |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                            |
    +=============================================================================+============================================================================+
    | :any:`np.stack([a, b, c], axis=1) <numpy.stack>`                            | :cpp:func:`xt::stack(xtuple(a, b, c), 1) <xt::stack>`                      |
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ not modify the underlying xexpression.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                       |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                       |
    +=====================================================+=======================================================================+
    | :any:`np.diag(a) <numpy.diag>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::diag(a) <xt::diag>`                                    |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ different fashions.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                               |                C++ 14 - xtensor                |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                               |                C++ 14 - xtensor                |
    +===========================================================+================================================+
    | :any:`for x in np.nditer(a): <numpy.nditer>`              |  ``for(auto it=a.begin(); it!=a.end(); ++it)`` |
    +-----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ is falsy, and it does not evaluate ``b`` where ``condition`` is truthy.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                     |                C++ 14 - xtensor                |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                     |                C++ 14 - xtensor                |
    +=================================================+================================================+
    | :any:`np.where(a > 5, a, b) <numpy.where>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::where(a > 5, a, b) <xt::where>` |
    +-------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ Indices
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                       |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                       |
    +=========================================================================+=======================================================================+
    | :any:`np.ravel_multi_index(indices, a.shape) <numpy.ravel_multi_index>` | :cpp:func:`xt::ravel_indices(indices, a.shape()) <xt::ravel_indices>` |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ Comparisons
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                          |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                          |
    +=====================================================+==========================================================+
    | :any:`np.equal(a, b) <numpy.equal>`                 | :cpp:func:`xt::equal(a, b) <xt::equal>`                  |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ Minimum, Maximum, Sorting
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                         |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                         |
    +=====================================================+=========================================================+
    | :any:`np.amin(a) <numpy.amin>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::amin(a) <xt::amin>`                      |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed argument.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy    |                C++ 14 - xtensor    |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy    |                C++ 14 - xtensor    |
    +================================+====================================+
    | :any:`np.real(a) <numpy.real>` | :cpp:func:`xt::real(a) <xt::real>` |
    +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ hold any values and are computed upon access or assignment.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor                              |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                                   |                C++ 14 - xtensor                              |
    +===============================================================+==============================================================+
    | :any:`np.sum(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.sum>`                     | :cpp:func:`xt::sum(a, {0, 1}) <xt::sum>`                     |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -501,6 +501,61 @@ More generally, one can use the :cpp:func:`xt::reduce(function, input, axes) <xt
 of an arbitrary binary function for the reduction.
 The binary function must be commutative and associative up to rounding errors.
 
+NaN functions
+-------------
+
+NaN functions allow disregarding NaNs during computation, changing the effective number of elements
+considered in reductions.
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 50 50
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Python3 - NumPy
+     - C++14 - xtensor
+   * - :any:`np.nan_to_num(a) <numpy.nan_to_num>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nan_to_num(a) <xt::nan_to_num>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanmin(a) <numpy.nanmin>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanmin(a) <xt::nanmin>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanmin(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.nanmin>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanmin(a, {0, 1}) <xt::nanmin>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanmax(a) <numpy.nanmax>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanmax(a) <xt::nanmax>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanmax(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.nanmax>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanmax(a, {0, 1}) <xt::nanmax>`
+   * - :any:`np.nansum(a) <numpy.nansum>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nansum(a) <xt::nansum>`
+   * - :any:`np.nansum(a, axis=0) <numpy.nansum>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nansum(a, 0) <xt::nansum>`
+   * - :any:`np.nansum(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.nansum>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nansum(a, {0, 1}) <xt::nansum>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanprod(a) <numpy.nanprod>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanprod(a) <xt::nanprod>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanprod(a, axis=0) <numpy.nanprod>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanprod(a, 0) <xt::nanprod>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanprod(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.nanprod>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanprod(a, {0, 1}) <xt::nanprod>`
+   * - :any:`np.nancumsum(a) <numpy.nancumsum>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nancumsum(a) <xt::nancumsum>`
+   * - :any:`np.nancumsum(a, axis=0) <numpy.nancumsum>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nancumsum(a, 0) <xt::nancumsum>`
+   * - :any:`np.nancumprod(a) <numpy.nancumsum>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nancumsum(a) <xt::nancumsum>`
+   * - :any:`np.nancumprod(a, axis=0) <numpy.nancumsum>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nancumsum(a, 0) <xt::nancumsum>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanmean(a) <numpy.nanmean>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanmean(a) <xt::nanmean>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanmean(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.nanmean>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanmean(a, {0, 1}) <xt::nanmean>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanvar(a) <numpy.nanvar>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanvar(a) <xt::nanvar>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanvar(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.nanvar>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanvar(a, {0, 1}) <xt::nanvar>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanstd(a) <numpy.nanstd>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanstd(a) <xt::nanstd>`
+   * - :any:`np.nanstd(a, axis=(0, 1)) <numpy.nanstd>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nanstd(a, {0, 1}) <xt::nanstd>`
+
 I/O
 ---
 
@@ -512,7 +567,7 @@ These options determine the way floating point numbers, tensors and other xtenso
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +--------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                                        |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                                        |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                                        |
    +====================================================================+========================================================================================+
    | :any:`np.set_printoptions(precision=4) <numpy.set_printoptions>`   | :cpp:func:`xt::print_options::set_precision(4) <xt::print_options::set_precision>`     |
    +--------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -531,7 +586,7 @@ Functions :cpp:func:`xt::load_csv` and :cpp:func:`xt::dump_csv` respectively tak
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                                |                C++ 14 - xtensor                             |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                                |                C++ 14 - xtensor                             |
    +============================================================+=============================================================+
    | :any:`np.load(filename) <numpy.load>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::load_npy\<double\>(filename) <xt::load_npy>` |
    +------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -551,7 +606,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                                |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                                |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                |
    +============================================================+================================================================+
    | :any:`np.absolute(a) <numpy.absolute>`                     | :cpp:func:`xt::abs(a) <xt::abs>`                               |
    +------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -584,7 +639,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +----------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy      |                C++ 14 - xtensor      |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy      |                C++ 14 - xtensor      |
    +==================================+======================================+
    | :any:`np.exp(a) <numpy.exp>`     | :cpp:func:`xt::exp(a) <xt::exp>`     |
    +----------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
@@ -601,7 +656,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy         |                C++ 14 - xtensor        |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy         |                C++ 14 - xtensor        |
    +=====================================+========================================+
    | :any:`np.power(a, p) <numpy.power>` | :cpp:func:`xt::pow(a, b) <xt::pow>`    |
    +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
@@ -619,7 +674,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy  |                C++ 14 - xtensor  |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy  |                C++ 14 - xtensor  |
    +==============================+==================================+
    | :any:`np.sin(a) <numpy.sin>` | :cpp:func:`xt::sin(a) <xt::sin>` |
    +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
@@ -634,7 +689,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy    |                C++ 14 - xtensor    |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy    |                C++ 14 - xtensor    |
    +================================+====================================+
    | :any:`np.sinh(a) <numpy.sinh>` | :cpp:func:`xt::sinh(a) <xt::sinh>` |
    +--------------------------------+------------------------------------+
@@ -649,7 +704,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor        |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                             |                C++ 14 - xtensor        |
    +=========================================================+========================================+
    | :any:`scipy.special.erf(a) <scipy.special.erf>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::erf(a) <xt::erf>`       |
    +---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
@@ -664,7 +719,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - numpy                               |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                |
+   |            Python 3 - NumPy                               |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                |
    +===========================================================+================================================================+
    | :any:`np.isnan(a) <numpy.isnan>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::isnan(a) <xt::isnan>`                           |
    +-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -681,7 +736,7 @@ xtensor universal functions are provided for a large set number of mathematical
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |                           Python 3 - numpy                                                                   |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                                                       |
+   |                           Python 3 - NumPy                                                                   |                           C++ 14 - xtensor                                                                       |
    +==============================================================================================================+==================================================================================================================+
    | :any:`np.histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density]) <numpy.histogram>`                                         | :cpp:func:`xt::histogram(a, bins[, weights][, density]) <xt::histogram>`                                         |
    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -700,7 +755,7 @@ See :ref:`histogram`.
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | Python 3 - numpy | C++ 14 - xtensor                                                           |
+   | Python 3 - NumPy | C++ 14 - xtensor                                                           |
    +==================+============================================================================+
    | :any:`numpy.pi`  | :cpp:var:`xt::numeric_constants\<double\>::PI <xt::numeric_constants::PI>` |
    +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -721,7 +776,7 @@ implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |              Python 3 - numpy                                     |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                                  |
+   |              Python 3 - NumPy                                     |               C++ 14 - xtensor                                                  |
    +===================================================================+=================================================================================+
    | :any:`np.dot(a, b) <numpy.dot>`                                   | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::dot(a, b) <xt::linalg::dot>`                             |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -745,7 +800,7 @@ implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |       Python 3 - numpy                               |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
+   |       Python 3 - NumPy                               |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
    +======================================================+============================================================+
    | :any:`np.linalg.cholesky(a) <numpy.linalg.cholesky>` | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::cholesky(a) <xt::linalg::cholesky>` |
    +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -761,7 +816,7 @@ implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |       Python 3 - numpy                               |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
+   |       Python 3 - NumPy                               |       C++ 14 - xtensor                                     |
    +======================================================+============================================================+
    | :any:`np.linalg.eig(a) <numpy.linalg.eig>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::eig(a) <xt::linalg::eig>`           |
    +------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -778,7 +833,7 @@ implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |        Python 3 - numpy                                    |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                          |
+   |        Python 3 - NumPy                                    |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                          |
    +============================================================+==================================================================+
    | :any:`np.linalg.norm(a, order=2) <numpy.linalg.norm>`      | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::norm(a, 2) <xt::linalg::norm>`            |
    +------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -799,7 +854,7 @@ implemented yet. Most prominently that is broadcasting for all functions except
    :widths: 50 50
 
    +---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   |        Python 3 - numpy                           |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                 |
+   |        Python 3 - NumPy                           |        C++ 14 - xtensor                                 |
    +===================================================+=========================================================+
    | :any:`np.linalg.inv(a) <numpy.linalg.inv>`        | :cpp:func:`xt::linalg::inv(a) <xt::linalg::inv>`        |
    +---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index d0b5a624f..9a0020f98 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @ingroup nan_functions
      * @brief Convert nan or +/- inf to numbers
      *
-     * This functions converts nan to 0, and +inf to the highest, -inf to the lowest
+     * This functions converts NaN to 0, and +inf to the highest, -inf to the lowest
      * floating point value of the same type.
      *
      * @param e input \ref xexpression
@@ -2397,10 +2397,10 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
-     * @brief Minimum element over given axes, excluding nans.
+     * @brief Minimum element over given axes, ignoring NaNs.
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the minimum of elements over given
-     * \em axes, ignoring nans.
+     * @p axes, ignoring NaNs.
      * @warning Casting the result to an integer type can cause undefined behavior.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the minimum is found (optional)
@@ -2412,10 +2412,10 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
-     * @brief Maximum element along given axes, excluding nans.
+     * @brief Maximum element along given axes, ignoring NaNs.
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the sum of elements over given
-     * \em axes, replacing nan with 0.
+     * @p axes, ignoring NaN.
      * @warning Casting the result to an integer type can cause undefined behavior.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
@@ -2427,10 +2427,10 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
-     * @brief Sum of elements over given axes, replacing nan with 0.
+     * @brief Sum of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 0.
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the sum of elements over given
-     * \em axes, replacing nan with 0.
+     * @p axes, ignoring NaN.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
@@ -2444,10 +2444,10 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
-     * @brief Product of elements over given axes, replacing nan with 1.
+     * @brief Product of elements over given axes, replacing NaN with 1.
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the sum of elements over given
-     * \em axes, replacing nan with 1.
+     * @p axes, replacing nan with 1.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the sum is performed (optional)
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer (optional)
@@ -2631,10 +2631,12 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
-     * @brief Mean of elements over given axes, excluding nans.
+     * @brief Mean of elements over given axes, excluding NaNs.
      *
      * Returns an \ref xreducer for the mean of elements over given
-     * \em axes, excluding nans.
+     * \em axes, excluding NaNs.
+     * This is not the same as counting NaNs as zero, since excluding NaNs changes the number
+     * of elements considered in the statistic.
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param axes the axes along which the mean is computed (optional)
      * @param es the evaluation strategy (optional)
@@ -2691,11 +2693,12 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup nan_functions
-     * @brief Compute the variance along the specified axes, excluding nans
+     * @brief Compute the variance along the specified axes, excluding NaNs
      *
      * Returns the variance of the array elements, a measure of the spread of a
      * distribution. The variance is computed for the flattened array by default,
      * otherwise over the specified axes.
+     * Excluding NaNs changes the number of elements considered in the statistic.
      *
      * Note: this function is not yet specialized for complex numbers.
      *
@@ -2741,6 +2744,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * Returns the standard deviation, a measure of the spread of a distribution,
      * of the array elements. The standard deviation is computed for the flattened
      * array by default, otherwise over the specified axis.
+     * Excluding NaNs changes the number of elements considered in the statistic.
      *
      * Note: this function is not yet specialized for complex numbers.
      *

From 1f222d22db533e807bb23192faf4837983d40f74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antoine Prouvost <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2022 18:08:13 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 364/606] Document missing xsort functions (#2608)

---
 docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst    |  4 ---
 docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst           | 12 -------
 docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst             |  1 -
 docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst         |  5 ---
 docs/source/api/error_functions.rst           |  4 ---
 docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst     |  7 ----
 docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst      |  6 ----
 docs/source/api/index_related.rst             |  4 ---
 docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst             | 12 -------
 docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst        |  6 ----
 docs/source/api/operators.rst                 | 33 -----------------
 docs/source/api/power_functions.rst           |  7 ----
 docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst        | 28 ---------------
 docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst   |  7 ----
 docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst              |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xarray.rst                    |  3 --
 docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst            | 14 --------
 docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst            |  7 ----
 docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst      |  7 ----
 docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst                |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst                  | 24 -------------
 docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst                |  4 ---
 docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst       |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xcsv.rst                      |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xeval.rst                     |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xexpression.rst               |  5 ---
 docs/source/api/xfixed.rst                    |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xfunction.rst                 |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst             |  3 --
 docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst                |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst                | 15 --------
 docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst               |  5 ---
 docs/source/api/xio.rst                       |  8 -----
 docs/source/api/xiterable.rst                 |  3 --
 docs/source/api/xjson.rst                     |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst             | 23 ------------
 docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst              |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xnpy.rst                      |  4 ---
 docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst        |  1 -
 .../source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst   |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xpad.rst                      |  6 ----
 docs/source/api/xrandom.rst                   | 22 ------------
 docs/source/api/xreducer.rst                  |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst                   |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst            |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst            |  7 ----
 docs/source/api/xshape.rst                    |  3 --
 docs/source/api/xsort.rst                     | 36 +------------------
 docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst             |  5 ---
 docs/source/api/xstrides.rst                  |  2 --
 docs/source/api/xtensor.rst                   |  6 ----
 docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst           |  1 -
 docs/source/api/xview.rst                     | 11 ------
 docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst            |  1 -
 docs/source/conf.py                           |  1 +
 docs/source/numpy.rst                         |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp                     | 15 ++++++++
 58 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 385 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
index 282df5c31..2bab12e94 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
@@ -12,13 +12,9 @@ Accumulating functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumsum(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumsum(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumprod(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumprod(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
index db4673715..4cdd11450 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
@@ -12,37 +12,25 @@ Basic functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: abs(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: fabs(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: fmod(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: remainder(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: fma(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: maximum(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: minimum(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: fmax(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: fmin(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: fdim(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: clip(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sign(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst b/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
index 702b60281..f2fbb42d5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
@@ -10,4 +10,3 @@ chunked_array
 Defined in ``xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::chunked_array
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
index 72d5f26b5..aa7b8cc51 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
@@ -12,16 +12,11 @@ Classification functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: isfinite(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: isinf(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: isnan(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: isclose(E1&&, E2&&, double, double, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: allclose(E1&&, E2&, double, double)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
index 5307024d8..aee5af61b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
@@ -12,13 +12,9 @@ Error and gamma functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: erf(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: erfc(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: tgamma(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: lgamma(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
index 50213f619..4c2147a5a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
@@ -12,22 +12,15 @@ Exponential functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: exp(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: exp2(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: expm1(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: log(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: log2(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: log10(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: log1p(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
index 7399d424a..f6b71958f 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
@@ -13,24 +13,18 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. _sinh-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: sinh(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. _cosh-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: cosh(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. _tanh-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: tanh(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. _asinh-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: asinh(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. _acosh-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: acosh(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. _atanh-func-ref:
 .. doxygenfunction:: atanh(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
index 7e3428fe3..c3f5b1ed7 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
@@ -10,13 +10,9 @@ Index related functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xoperation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: where(const T&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nonzero(const T&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: argwhere
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: from_indices
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
index 2ea203523..27f91d515 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
@@ -12,37 +12,25 @@ NaN functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nan_to_num(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanmin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanmax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nansum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanmean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanvar(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanstd(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nanprod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nancumsum(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nancumsum(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nancumprod(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nancumprod(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
index ea0648dba..e083f8247 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
@@ -12,19 +12,13 @@ Nearest integer floating point operations
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: ceil(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: floor(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: trunc(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: round(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nearbyint(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: rint(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/operators.rst b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
index b11cb6676..09128ceea 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/operators.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
@@ -10,100 +10,67 @@ Operators and related functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp`` and ``xtensor/xoperation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator+(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator-(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator+(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator-(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator*(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator/(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator||(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator&&(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator!(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: where(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: any(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: all(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator<(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator<=(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator>(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator>=(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator==(const xexpression<E1>&, const xexpression<E2>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator!=(const xexpression<E1>&, const xexpression<E2>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: equal(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: not_equal(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: less(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: less_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: greater(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: greater_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator&(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator|(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator^(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator~(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: left_shift(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: right_shift(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator<<(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator>>(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cast(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
index 838f0006a..5585bca5d 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
@@ -13,22 +13,15 @@ Power functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: pow(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: pow(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: square(E1&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cube(E1&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sqrt(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cbrt(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: hypot(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
index e6bf42313..a8be2de61 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
@@ -12,87 +12,59 @@ Reducing functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: average(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, const D&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: diff(const xexpression<T>&, unsigned int, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: trapz(const xexpression<T>&, double, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: trapz(const xexpression<T>&, const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xnorm.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_l0(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_l1(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_sq(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_l2(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_linf(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_lp_to_p(E&&, double, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_lp(E&&, double, X&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_induced_l1(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_induced_linf(E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
index 1810a6050..243bf57c5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
@@ -12,22 +12,15 @@ Trigonometric functions
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sin(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cos(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: tan(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: asin(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: acos(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: atan(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: atan2(E1&&, E2&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst b/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst
index 18ded9152..07217167d 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,5 @@ xaccumulator
 Defined in ``xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::accumulate(F&&, E&&, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::accumulate(F&&, E&&, std::ptrdiff_t, EVS)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xarray.rst b/docs/source/api/xarray.rst
index cc55e0235..5a081056b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xarray.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xarray.rst
@@ -10,11 +10,8 @@ xarray
 Defined in ``xtensor/xarray.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xarray_container
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygentypedef:: xt::xarray
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygentypedef:: xt::xarray_optional
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
index dc3112a9f..03dbc9661 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ xarray_adaptor
 Defined in ``xtensor/xarray.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xarray_adaptor
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 adapt
@@ -19,40 +18,27 @@ adapt
 Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, const SC&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, SC&&, SS&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, const SC&, layout_type, const A&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, SC&&, SS&&, const A&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], const SC&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], SC&&, SS&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&& pointer, const fixed_shape<X...>&);
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, layout_type, const A&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, D&&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], D&&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst b/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst
index 33aec7436..c2fdf0372 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst
@@ -10,24 +10,17 @@ xaxis_iterator
 Defined in ``xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xaxis_iterator
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator==(const xaxis_iterator<CT>&, const xaxis_iterator<CT>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator!=(const xaxis_iterator<CT>&, const xaxis_iterator<CT>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_begin(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_begin(E&&, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_end(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_end(E&&, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst b/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst
index 902175cb8..0e49ac075 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst
@@ -11,24 +11,17 @@ xaxis_slice_iterator
 Defined in ``xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xaxis_slice_iterator
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator==(const xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>&, const xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator!=(const xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>&, const xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_slice_begin(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_slice_begin(E&&, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_slice_end(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: axis_slice_end(E&&, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst b/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst
index 35f1f9041..901f429fd 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ xbroadcast
 Defined in ``xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xbroadcast
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::broadcast(E&&, const S&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst b/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
index a4b4cf894..41f7b3194 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
@@ -10,73 +10,49 @@ xbuilder
 Defined in ``xtensor/xbuilder.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::ones(S)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::ones(const I (&)[L])
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::zeros(S)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::zeros(const I (&)[L])
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::empty(const S&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::full_like(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::empty_like(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::zeros_like(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::ones_like(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::eye(const std::vector<std::size_t>&, int)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::eye(std::size_t, int)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::arange(T, T, S)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::arange(T)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::linspace
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::logspace
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::concatenate(std::tuple<CT...>&&, std::size_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::stack
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::hstack
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::vstack
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::meshgrid
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::diag
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::diagonal
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::tril
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::triu
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst b/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
index cfd4df448..5a94dd896 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
@@ -10,10 +10,8 @@ layout
 Defined in ``xtensor/xlayout.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::layout_type
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::compute_layout(Args... args)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 xcontainer
 ==========
@@ -21,7 +19,6 @@ xcontainer
 Defined in ``xtensor/xcontainer.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xcontainer
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 xstrided_container
@@ -30,5 +27,4 @@ xstrided_container
 Defined in ``xtensor/xcontainer.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xstrided_container
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst b/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst
index 736f65564..1162af6c4 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xcontainer_semantic
 Defined in ``xtensor/xsemantic.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xcontainer_semantic
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst b/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst
index 5e5d12d18..2e187e92a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,5 @@ xcsv: read/write CSV files
 Defined in ``xtensor/xcsv.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::load_csv
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::dump_csv
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xeval.rst b/docs/source/api/xeval.rst
index 74e103c62..5048affad 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xeval.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xeval.rst
@@ -10,4 +10,3 @@ xeval
 Defined in ``xtensor/xeval.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::eval(E&& e)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst b/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst
index b03bdb29c..800d44875 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst
@@ -10,18 +10,13 @@ xexpression
 Defined in ``xtensor/xexpression.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xexpression
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xshared_expression
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: make_xshared
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: share(xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: share(xexpression<E>&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst b/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
index b7fa938aa..f00dabb6d 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ xtensor_fixed
 Defined in ``xtensor/xfixed.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xfixed_container
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygentypedef:: xt::xtensor_fixed
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst b/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst
index 035d49e62..9dd42a79b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst
@@ -10,10 +10,8 @@ xfunction
 Defined in ``xtensor/xfunction.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xfunction
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: make_lambda_xfunction
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst
index be4a7607b..c9e9a070a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst
@@ -10,13 +10,10 @@ xfunctor_view
 Defined in ``xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xfunctor_view
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xcomplex.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::real(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::imag(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst b/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
index b1e1cf3fa..f5d09ef65 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xgenerator
 Defined in ``xtensor/xgenerator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xgenerator
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
index 77c56ea66..073d75ef6 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
@@ -10,49 +10,34 @@ xhistogram
 Defined in ``xtensor/xhistogram.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::histogram_algorithm
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::bincount(E1&&, E2&&, std::size_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2&&, E3, E3, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::digitize(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&, bool, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::bin_items(size_t, E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 Further overloads
 -----------------
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, E2&&, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2, E2, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2&&, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2&&, E3, E3, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2, E2, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2&&, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::bin_items(size_t, size_t)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst
index 1d47bb3a7..8fa1619e0 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst
@@ -10,18 +10,13 @@ xindex_view
 Defined in ``xtensor/xindex_view.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xindex_view
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xfiltration
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::index_view(E&&, I&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::filter
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::filtration
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xio.rst b/docs/source/api/xio.rst
index 465993b79..3b2a0587d 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xio.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xio.rst
@@ -34,27 +34,19 @@ Will print
 With the following functions, the global print options can be set:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::print_options::set_line_width
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::print_options::set_threshold
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::print_options::set_edge_items
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::print_options::set_precision
-   :project: xtensor
 
 On can also locally overwrite the print options with io manipulators:
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::print_options::line_width
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::print_options::threshold
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::print_options::edge_items
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::print_options::precision
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst b/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
index 9059468b5..2e7d1a98b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
@@ -10,13 +10,10 @@ xiterable
 Defined in ``xtensor/xiterable.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xconst_iterable
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xiterable
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xcontiguous_iterable
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xjson.rst b/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
index 1378a5a71..735846278 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,5 @@ xjson: serialize to/from JSON
 Defined in ``xtensor/xjson.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::to_json(nlohmann::json&, const E&);
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::from_json(const nlohmann::json&, E&);
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
index ee9746d92..18f03f615 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
@@ -10,70 +10,47 @@ xmanipulation
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_Nd
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_1d
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_2d
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_3d
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::expand_dims
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::flatten
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::flatnonzero
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::flip
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::ravel
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::repeat(E&&, std::size_t, std::size_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::repeat(E&&, const std::vector<std::size_t>&, std::size_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::repeat(E&&, std::vector<std::size_t>&&, std::size_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::roll(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::roll(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::rot90
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::split
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::hsplit
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::vsplit
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::squeeze(E&&)
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::squeeze(E&&, S&&, Tag)
-  :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::transpose(E&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::transpose(E&&, S&&, Tag)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::trim_zeros
-  :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst
index 7d199a817..63ab0241b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xmasked_view
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xmasked_view
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst b/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst
index c6bbb2eda..f7f861db3 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst
@@ -10,13 +10,9 @@ xnpy: read/write NPY files
 Defined in ``xtensor/xnpy.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::load_npy(std::istream&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::load_npy(const std::string&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::dump_npy(const std::string&, const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::dump_npy(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst
index bfdaed18d..8e35426ad 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xoptional_assembly
 Defined in ``xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xoptional_assembly
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst
index 6e2f31bd8..72b44fa29 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xoptional_assembly_adaptor
 Defined in ``xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xoptional_assembly_adaptor
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst
index 78978a5dc..d65fb1f92 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xoptional_assembly_base
 Defined in ``xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xoptional_assembly_base
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xpad.rst b/docs/source/api/xpad.rst
index 6e9940a9f..b4c8a169a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xpad.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xpad.rst
@@ -10,19 +10,13 @@ xpad
 Defined in ``xtensor/xpad.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::pad_mode
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::pad(E&& , const std::vector<std::vector<S>>&, pad_mode, V)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::pad(E&& , const std::vector<S>&, pad_mode, V)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::pad(E&& , S, pad_mode, V)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::tile(E&& , std::initializer_list<S>)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::tile(E&& , S)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
index 84e665562..07cd1d321 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
@@ -12,66 +12,44 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xrandom.hpp``
 .. warning:: xtensor uses a lazy generator for random numbers. You need to assign them or use ``eval`` to keep the generated values consistent.
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::get_default_random_engine
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::seed
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::rand(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::randint(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::randn(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::binomial(const S&, T, D, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::geometric(const S&, D, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::negative_binomial(const S&, T, D, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::poisson(const S&, D, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::exponential(const S&, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::gamma(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::weibull(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::extreme_value(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::lognormal(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::chi_squared(const S&, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::cauchy(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::fisher_f(const S&, T, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::student_t(const S&, T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice(const xexpression<T>&, std::size_t, bool, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::choice(const xexpression<T>&, std::size_t, const xexpression<W>&, bool, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::shuffle
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::random::permutation(T, E&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst b/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
index 8efedfc23..4b5570b93 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ xreducer
 Defined in ``xtensor/xreducer.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xreducer
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::reduce(F&&, E&&, X&&, EVS&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst b/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst
index 2a100a3ed..17fd209b7 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xrepeat
 Defined in ``xtensor/xrepeat.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xrepeat
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst b/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst
index 2fdbea795..9ce72c7b7 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xsemantic_base
 Defined in ``xtensor/xsemantic.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xsemantic_base
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
index 2787ad200..4ce798e38 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
@@ -10,25 +10,18 @@ xset_operation
 Defined in ``xtensor/xset_operation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, F&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, F&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::searchsorted(E1&&, E2&&, bool)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 Further overloads
 -----------------
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, std::initializer_list<T>)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, I&&, I&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, std::initializer_list<T>)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, I&&, I&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
index 62fb6a280..132e1e39e 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
@@ -10,10 +10,7 @@ xshape
 Defined in ``xtensor/xshape.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: bool same_shape(const S1& s1, const S2& s2)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: bool has_shape(const E& e, std::initializer_list<S> shape)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: bool has_shape(const E& e, const S& shape)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xsort.rst b/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
index adce47110..c1058c7b3 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
@@ -9,38 +9,4 @@ xsort
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xsort.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::sort(const xexpression<E>&, placeholders::xtuph)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::sort(const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::argsort(const xexpression<E>&, placeholders::xtuph)
-    :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::argsort(const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-    :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::argmin(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::argmin(const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::argmax(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::argmax(const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::unique(const xexpression<E>&)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::partition(const xexpression<E>&, const C&, placeholders::xtuph)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::argpartition(const xexpression<E>&, const C&, placeholders::xtuph)
-   :project: xtensor
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::median(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-   :project: xtensor
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xsort
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst
index b169df31a..4d308e2ff 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst
@@ -10,17 +10,12 @@ xstrided_view
 Defined in ``xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xstrided_view
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygentypedef:: xt::xstrided_slice_vector
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::strided_view(E&&, S&&, X&&, std::size_t, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::strided_view(E&&, const xstrided_slice_vector&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::reshape_view(E&&, S&&, layout_type)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
index 901ff63be..acbe4c451 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,5 @@ xshape
 Defined in ``xtensor/xstride.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: auto strides(const E& e, xt::stride_type type)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: auto strides(const E& e, S axis, xt::stride_type type)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst b/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst
index 7d765d067..7fa987462 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst
@@ -10,20 +10,14 @@ xtensor
 Defined in ``xtensor/xtensor.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xtensor_container
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygentypedef:: xt::xtensor
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygentypedef:: xt::xtensor_optional
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::from_indices
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::flatten_indices
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::ravel_indices
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
index 71e5f3870..bc10282a7 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xtensor_adaptor
 Defined in ``xtensor/xtensor.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xtensor_adaptor
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xview.rst b/docs/source/api/xview.rst
index 7231ab26a..37bf7f86b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xview.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xview.rst
@@ -10,37 +10,26 @@ xview
 Defined in ``xtensor/xview.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xview
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::view
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::row
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::col
-   :project: xtensor
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xslice.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::range(A, B)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::range(A, B, C)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::all
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::newaxis
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::ellipsis
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::keep(T&&)
-   :project: xtensor
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::drop(T&&)
-   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst b/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst
index ad951f84f..c8f5a39bd 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ xview_semantic
 Defined in ``xtensor/xsemantic.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xview_semantic
-   :project: xtensor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index bb451fa68..0f75c64c2 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ def setup(app):
 
 extensions = ['breathe']
 breathe_projects = { 'xtensor': '../xml' }
+breathe_default_project = "xtensor"
 templates_path = ['_templates']
 html_static_path = ['_static']
 source_suffix = '.rst'
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index ba7ece433..eaf5f8f51 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -415,8 +415,6 @@ Minimum, Maximum, Sorting
    +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | :any:`np.setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <numpy.setdiff1d>`     | :cpp:func:`xt::setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <xt::setdiff1d>`     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.diff(a[, n, axis]) <numpy.diff>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::diff(a[, n, axis]) <xt::diff>`           |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | :any:`np.partition(a, kth) <numpy.partition>`       | :cpp:func:`xt::partition(a, kth) <xt::partition>`       |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | :any:`np.argpartition(a, kth) <numpy.argpartition>` | :cpp:func:`xt::argpartition(a, kth) <xt::argpartition>` |
@@ -486,6 +484,8 @@ hold any values and are computed upon access or assignment.
    +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
    | :any:`np.var(a, [axis]) <numpy.var>`                          | :cpp:func:`xt::variance(a, [axis]) <xt::variance>`           |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+   | :any:`np.diff(a[, n, axis]) <numpy.diff>`                     | :cpp:func:`xt::diff(a[, n, axis]) <xt::diff>`                |
+   +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
    | :any:`np.trapz(a, dx=2.0, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`             | :cpp:func:`xt::trapz(a, 2.0, -1) <xt::trapz>`                |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
    | :any:`np.trapz(a, x=b, axis=-1) <numpy.trapz>`                | :cpp:func:`xt::trapz(a, b, -1) <xt::trapz>`                  |
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index bb8c49c9d..59dcd4eee 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xsort Sorting functions.
+     *
+     * Because sorting functions need to access the tensor data repeatedly, they evaluate their
+     * input and may allocate temporaries.
+     */
+
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class T>
@@ -187,6 +194,7 @@ namespace xt
      * The sort is performed using the ``std::sort`` functions.
      * A copy of the xexpression is created and returned.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e xexpression to sort
      * @param axis axis along which sort is performed
      *
@@ -337,6 +345,7 @@ namespace xt
      * of indices of the same shape as e that index data along the given axis in
      * sorted order.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e xexpression to argsort
      * @param axis axis along which argsort is performed
      *
@@ -399,6 +408,7 @@ namespace xt
      * std::cout << xt::partition(a, {0, 3}) << std::endl; // {-10, 1, 10, 123} the correct entries at index 0 and 3
      * \endcode
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param kth_container a container of ``indices`` that should contain the correctly sorted value
      * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before sorting
@@ -530,6 +540,7 @@ namespace xt
      * std::cout << xt::argpartition(a, {0, 3}) << std::endl; // {2, 0, 1, 3} the correct entries at index 0 and 3
      * \endcode
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param kth_container a container of ``indices`` that should contain the correctly sorted value
      * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before sorting
@@ -724,6 +735,7 @@ namespace xt
      * sorted copy of V, V_sorted - i e., V_sorted[(N-1)/2], when N is odd,
      * and the average of the two middle values of V_sorted when N is even.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param axis axis along which the medians are computed.
      *             If not set, computes the median along a flattened version of the input.
      * @param e input xexpression
@@ -876,6 +888,7 @@ namespace xt
      * By default, the returned index is into the flattened array.
      * If `axis` is specified, the indices are along the specified axis.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param axis select axis (optional)
      *
@@ -894,6 +907,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Find unique elements of a xexpression. This returns a flattened xtensor with
      * sorted, unique elements from the original expression.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression (will be flattened)
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -913,6 +927,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Find the set difference of two xexpressions. This returns a flattened xtensor with
      * the sorted, unique values in ar1 that are not in ar2.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param ar1 input xexpression (will be flattened)
      * @param ar2 input xexpression
      */

From c9d4f7ebcf605901b5284d06f6faeb1415baaa54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2022 16:30:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 365/606] Use doxygengroup for xshape

---
 docs/source/api/xshape.rst |  6 +-----
 include/xtensor/xshape.hpp | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
index 132e1e39e..731dcfc63 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
@@ -9,8 +9,4 @@ xshape
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xshape.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: bool same_shape(const S1& s1, const S2& s2)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: bool has_shape(const E& e, std::initializer_list<S> shape)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: bool has_shape(const E& e, const S& shape)
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xshape
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
index e9ee57826..67ec3072c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
@@ -92,15 +92,18 @@ namespace xtl
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xshape Shape manipulation and querrying utilities.
+     */
+
     /**************
      * same_shape *
      **************/
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup same_shape
-    * @brief same_shape
-    *
     * Check if two objects have the same shape.
+    *
+    * @ingroup xt_xshape
     * @param s1 an array
     * @param s2 an array
     * @return bool
@@ -116,10 +119,9 @@ namespace xt
      *************/
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup has_shape
-    * @brief has_shape
-    *
     * Check if an object has a certain shape.
+    *
+    * @ingroup xt_xshape
     * @param a an array
     * @param shape the shape to test
     * @return bool
@@ -131,10 +133,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup has_shape
-    * @brief has_shape
-    *
     * Check if an object has a certain shape.
+    *
+    * @ingroup has_shape
     * @param a an array
     * @param shape the shape to test
     * @return bool
@@ -247,8 +248,10 @@ namespace xt
      * Compute a layout based on a layout and a shape type.
      *
      * The main functionality of this function is that it reduces vectors to
-     * ``layout_type::any`` so that assigning a row major 1D container to another
+     * ``xt::layout_type::any`` so that assigning a row major 1D container to another
      * row_major container becomes free.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
      */
     template <layout_type L, class S>
     struct select_layout
@@ -487,6 +490,9 @@ namespace xt
         using type = typename detail::promote_index<S...>::type;
     };
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
+     */
     template <class... S>
     using promote_shape_t = typename promote_shape<S...>::type;
 
@@ -496,6 +502,9 @@ namespace xt
         using type = typename detail::promote_index<S...>::type;
     };
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
+     */
     template <class... S>
     using promote_strides_t = typename promote_strides<S...>::type;
 
@@ -505,6 +514,9 @@ namespace xt
         using type = typename detail::index_from_shape_impl<S>::type;
     };
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
+     */
     template <class S>
     using index_from_shape_t = typename index_from_shape<S>::type;
 
@@ -532,6 +544,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    /**
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
+     */
     template <class S>
     using filter_fixed_shape_t = typename filter_fixed_shape<S>::type;
 }

From b8fbd831796e17e6bc1f2898a8bef2fc9e3b0ae6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Dec 2022 16:45:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 366/606] Fix missing namespace in doxygengroup

---
 docs/source/api/xshape.rst | 4 ++++
 docs/source/api/xsort.rst  | 4 ++++
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
index 731dcfc63..370d778ee 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
@@ -9,4 +9,8 @@ xshape
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xshape.hpp``
 
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
+
 .. doxygengroup:: xt_xshape
+
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xsort.rst b/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
index c1058c7b3..d6240d375 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
@@ -9,4 +9,8 @@ xsort
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xsort.hpp``
 
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
+
 .. doxygengroup:: xt_xsort
+
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::

From a3c418fe7dcba1bc07ad8ab8be14a18fc20f79a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2022 11:14:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 367/606] Adding more automatic formatting tools

---
 .appveyor.yml                                 |  52 +++---
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml           |  74 ++++----
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml             | 100 +++++-----
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml      |  52 +++---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml      | 135 +++++++-------
 .azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml               | 132 ++++++-------
 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml                |   4 +-
 .github/workflows/static-analysis.yml         |  16 +-
 .pre-commit-config.yaml                       |  58 +++---
 azure-pipelines.yml                           |  10 +-
 docs/environment.yaml                         |   4 +-
 docs/environment.yml                          |   4 +-
 environment-dev.yml                           |  14 +-
 environment.yml                               |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp                |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp               |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp                 |  10 +-
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp             |  21 ++-
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp                |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xio.hpp                       |  44 ++---
 include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp                 |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp                   |  17 +-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp                     |  36 ++--
 include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp                     |  18 +-
 include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp                | 176 +++++++++---------
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp        |  34 ++--
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp                   |  22 +--
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp                  |   9 +-
 include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp                 |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp            | 112 +++++------
 include/xtensor/xshape.hpp                    |  46 +++--
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp             |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp                  |  38 ++--
 readthedocs.yml                               |   2 +-
 34 files changed, 642 insertions(+), 625 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
index 571caf8c1..4e7c8fe6c 100644
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -2,42 +2,42 @@ build: false
 
 branches:
   only:
-    - master
+  - master
 
 platform:
-  - x64
+- x64
 
 image:
-  - Visual Studio 2017
-  - Visual Studio 2015
+- Visual Studio 2017
+- Visual Studio 2015
 
 environment:
   matrix:
-    - MINICONDA: C:\xtensor-conda
+  - MINICONDA: C:\xtensor-conda
 
 init:
-  - "ECHO %MINICONDA%"
-  - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set VCVARPATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat"
-  - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set VCARGUMENT=%PLATFORM%
-  - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set VCVARPATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-  - echo "%VCVARPATH% %VCARGUMENT%"
-  - "%VCVARPATH% %VCARGUMENT%"
-  - ps: if($env:Platform -eq "x64"){Start-FileDownload 'http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86_64.exe' C:\Miniconda.exe; echo "Done"}
-  - ps: if($env:Platform -eq "x86"){Start-FileDownload 'http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86.exe' C:\Miniconda.exe; echo "Done"}
-  - cmd: C:\Miniconda.exe /S /D=C:\xtensor-conda
-  - "set PATH=%MINICONDA%;%MINICONDA%\\Scripts;%MINICONDA%\\Library\\bin;%PATH%"
+- ECHO %MINICONDA%
+- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set VCVARPATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat"
+- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set VCARGUMENT=%PLATFORM%
+- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set VCVARPATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+- echo "%VCVARPATH% %VCARGUMENT%"
+- '%VCVARPATH% %VCARGUMENT%'
+- ps: if($env:Platform -eq "x64"){Start-FileDownload 'http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86_64.exe' C:\Miniconda.exe; echo "Done"}
+- ps: if($env:Platform -eq "x86"){Start-FileDownload 'http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86.exe' C:\Miniconda.exe; echo "Done"}
+- cmd: C:\Miniconda.exe /S /D=C:\xtensor-conda
+- set PATH=%MINICONDA%;%MINICONDA%\Scripts;%MINICONDA%\Library\bin;%PATH%
 
 install:
-  - conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
-  - conda update -q conda
-  - conda info -a
-  - conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
-  - CALL conda.bat activate xtensor
-  - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set CMAKE_ARGS="-DDISABLE_VS2017=ON"
-  - if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set CMAKE_ARGS=""
-  - cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE %CMAKE_ARGS% .
-  - nmake test_xtensor_lib
-  - cd test
+- conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
+- conda update -q conda
+- conda info -a
+- conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
+- CALL conda.bat activate xtensor
+- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set CMAKE_ARGS="-DDISABLE_VS2017=ON"
+- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set CMAKE_ARGS=""
+- cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE %CMAKE_ARGS% .
+- nmake test_xtensor_lib
+- cd test
 
 build_script:
-  - .\test_xtensor_lib
+- .\test_xtensor_lib
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
index 4520ff789..fcff7ac30 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
@@ -1,41 +1,41 @@
 jobs:
-  - job: 'Linux_0'
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        clang_6:
-          llvm_version: '6.0'
-        clang_7:
-          llvm_version: '7'
-        clang_8:
-          llvm_version: '8'
-        clang_9:
-          llvm_version: '9'
-        clang_10:
-          llvm_version: '10'
-          disable_xsimd: 1
-    pool:
-      vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
-    variables:
-      CC: clang-$(llvm_version)
-      CXX: clang++-$(llvm_version)
-    timeoutInMinutes: 360
-    steps:
+- job: Linux_0
+  strategy:
+    matrix:
+      clang_6:
+        llvm_version: '6.0'
+      clang_7:
+        llvm_version: '7'
+      clang_8:
+        llvm_version: '8'
+      clang_9:
+        llvm_version: '9'
+      clang_10:
+        llvm_version: '10'
+        disable_xsimd: 1
+  pool:
+    vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
+  variables:
+    CC: clang-$(llvm_version)
+    CXX: clang++-$(llvm_version)
+  timeoutInMinutes: 360
+  steps:
 
-      - script: |
-          sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
-          if [[ $(llvm_version) == '4.0' || $(llvm_version) == '5.0' ]]; then
-            sudo apt-get update
-            sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install gcc-4.9 clang-$(llvm_version)
-          else
-            LLVM_VERSION=$(llvm_version)
-            get -O - http://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
-            sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial-$LLVM_VERSION main"
-            sudo apt-get update
-            sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install clang-$(llvm_version)
-          fi
-        displayName: Install build toolchain
+  - script: |
+      sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+      if [[ $(llvm_version) == '4.0' || $(llvm_version) == '5.0' ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install gcc-4.9 clang-$(llvm_version)
+      else
+        LLVM_VERSION=$(llvm_version)
+        get -O - http://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
+        sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial-$LLVM_VERSION main"
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install clang-$(llvm_version)
+      fi
+    displayName: Install build toolchain
 
-      - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
-        displayName: Add conda to PATH
+  - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
+    displayName: Add conda to PATH
 
-      - template: unix-build.yml
+  - template: unix-build.yml
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
index 5f09f7741..075f30433 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 jobs:
-  - job: 'Linux_1'
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        gcc_6_disable_xsimd:
-          gcc_version: '6'
-          disable_xsimd: 1
-        gcc_6_disable_exception:
-          gcc_version: '6'
-          disable_exception: 1
-        gcc_6_column_major:
-          gcc_version: '6'
-          column_major_layout: 1
-        gcc_7:
-          gcc_version: '7'
-        gcc_7_tbb:
-          gcc_version: '7'
-          enable_tbb: 1
-        gcc_7_openmp:
-          gcc_version: '7'
-          enable_openmp: 1
-        gcc_8:
-          gcc_version: '8'
-          check_cyclic_includes: 1
-        gcc_8_bound_checks:
-          gcc_version: '8'
-          bound_checks: 1
-          build_benchmark: 1
-          disable_xsimd: 1
-        gcc_8_cpp17:
-          gcc_version: '8'
-          enable_cpp17: 1
-        gcc_9:
-          gcc_version: '9'
-    pool:
-      vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
-    variables:
-      CC: gcc-$(gcc_version)
-      CXX: g++-$(gcc_version)
-    timeoutInMinutes: 360
-    steps:
+- job: Linux_1
+  strategy:
+    matrix:
+      gcc_6_disable_xsimd:
+        gcc_version: '6'
+        disable_xsimd: 1
+      gcc_6_disable_exception:
+        gcc_version: '6'
+        disable_exception: 1
+      gcc_6_column_major:
+        gcc_version: '6'
+        column_major_layout: 1
+      gcc_7:
+        gcc_version: '7'
+      gcc_7_tbb:
+        gcc_version: '7'
+        enable_tbb: 1
+      gcc_7_openmp:
+        gcc_version: '7'
+        enable_openmp: 1
+      gcc_8:
+        gcc_version: '8'
+        check_cyclic_includes: 1
+      gcc_8_bound_checks:
+        gcc_version: '8'
+        bound_checks: 1
+        build_benchmark: 1
+        disable_xsimd: 1
+      gcc_8_cpp17:
+        gcc_version: '8'
+        enable_cpp17: 1
+      gcc_9:
+        gcc_version: '9'
+  pool:
+    vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
+  variables:
+    CC: gcc-$(gcc_version)
+    CXX: g++-$(gcc_version)
+  timeoutInMinutes: 360
+  steps:
 
-      - script: |
-          if [[ $(gcc_version) == '6' || $(gcc_version) == '7' || $(gcc_version) == '8' ]]; then
-            sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
-            sudo apt-get update
-            sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$(gcc_version)
-          fi
-        displayName: Install build toolchain
+  - script: |
+      if [[ $(gcc_version) == '6' || $(gcc_version) == '7' || $(gcc_version) == '8' ]]; then
+        sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$(gcc_version)
+      fi
+    displayName: Install build toolchain
 
-      - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
-        displayName: Add conda to PATH
+  - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
+    displayName: Add conda to PATH
 
-      - template: unix-build.yml
+  - template: unix-build.yml
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
index 0fc23db5b..0574f0a22 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 jobs:
-  - job: 'OSX'
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        macOS_11:
-          image_name: 'macOS-11'
-        macOS_12:
-          image_name: 'macOS-12'
-    pool:
-      vmImage: $(image_name)
-    variables:
-        CC: clang
-        CXX: clang++
-    timeoutInMinutes: 360
-    steps:
-      - script: |
-          echo "Removing homebrew for Azure to avoid conflicts with conda"
-          /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/uninstall.sh)"
-          #> ~/uninstall_homebrew
-          #chmod +x ~/uninstall_homebrew
-          #~/uninstall_homebrew -f -q
-        displayName: Remove homebrew
+- job: OSX
+  strategy:
+    matrix:
+      macOS_11:
+        image_name: macOS-11
+      macOS_12:
+        image_name: macOS-12
+  pool:
+    vmImage: $(image_name)
+  variables:
+    CC: clang
+    CXX: clang++
+  timeoutInMinutes: 360
+  steps:
+  - script: |
+      echo "Removing homebrew for Azure to avoid conflicts with conda"
+      /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/uninstall.sh)"
+      #> ~/uninstall_homebrew
+      #chmod +x ~/uninstall_homebrew
+      #~/uninstall_homebrew -f -q
+    displayName: Remove homebrew
 
-      - bash: |
-          echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
-          sudo chown -R $USER $CONDA
-        displayName: Add conda to PATH
+  - bash: |
+      echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
+      sudo chown -R $USER $CONDA
+    displayName: Add conda to PATH
 
-      - template: unix-build.yml
+  - template: unix-build.yml
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index f13e1e858..3ad6865e3 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -1,87 +1,86 @@
-
 jobs:
-  - job: 'Windows_clangcl'
-    pool:
-      vmImage: 'windows-2019'
-    timeoutInMinutes: 360
-    steps:
+- job: Windows_clangcl
+  pool:
+    vmImage: windows-2019
+  timeoutInMinutes: 360
+  steps:
 
       # Install Chocolatey (https://chocolatey.org/install#install-with-powershellexe)
-      - powershell: |
-          Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
-          iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
-          Write-Host "##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]$env:PATH"
-          choco --version
-        displayName: "Install Chocolatey"
+  - powershell: |
+      Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
+      iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
+      Write-Host "##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]$env:PATH"
+      choco --version
+    displayName: Install Chocolatey
 
       # Install Miniconda
-      - script: |
-          choco install miniconda3 --yes
-          set PATH=C:\tools\miniconda3\Scripts;C:\tools\miniconda3;C:\tools\miniconda3\Library\bin;%PATH%
-          echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]%PATH%'
-          set LIB=C:\tools\miniconda3\Library\lib;%LIB%
-          echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=LIB]%LIB%'
-          conda --version
-        displayName: "Install Miniconda"
+  - script: |
+      choco install miniconda3 --yes
+      set PATH=C:\tools\miniconda3\Scripts;C:\tools\miniconda3;C:\tools\miniconda3\Library\bin;%PATH%
+      echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]%PATH%'
+      set LIB=C:\tools\miniconda3\Library\lib;%LIB%
+      echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=LIB]%LIB%'
+      conda --version
+    displayName: Install Miniconda
 
       # Configure Miniconda
-      - script: |
-          conda config --set always_yes yes
-          conda config --append channels conda-forge
-          conda info
-        displayName: "Configure Miniconda"
+  - script: |
+      conda config --set always_yes yes
+      conda config --append channels conda-forge
+      conda info
+    displayName: Configure Miniconda
 
       # Create conda enviroment
       # Note: conda activate doesn't work here, because it creates a new shell!
-      - script: |
-          conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
-                        ninja ^
-                        doctest==2.4.7 ^
-                        nlohmann_json ^
-                        xtl==0.7.0 ^
-                        xsimd==9.0.1 ^
-                        python=3.9
-          conda list
-        displayName: "Install conda packages"
+  - script: |
+      conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
+                    ninja ^
+                    doctest==2.4.7 ^
+                    nlohmann_json ^
+                    xtl==0.7.0 ^
+                    xsimd==9.0.1 ^
+                    python=3.9
+      conda list
+    displayName: Install conda packages
 
       # Install LLVM
       # Note: LLVM distributed by conda is too old
-      - script: |
-          choco install llvm --yes
-          set PATH=C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin;%PATH%
-          echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]%PATH%'
-          clang-cl --version
-        displayName: "Install LLVM"
+  - script: |
+      choco install llvm --yes
+      set PATH=C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin;%PATH%
+      echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]%PATH%'
+      clang-cl --version
+    displayName: Install LLVM
 
       # Configure
-      - script: |
-          setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
-          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86_amd64
-          mkdir build & cd build
-          cmake -G Ninja ^
-                -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
-                -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
-                -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
-                -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ^
-                -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON ^
-                $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
-        displayName: "Configure xtensor"
-        workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
+  - script: |
+      setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
+      call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86_amd64
+      mkdir build & cd build
+      cmake -G Ninja ^
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
+            -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ^
+            -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON ^
+            $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
+    displayName: Configure xtensor
+    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
 
       # Build
-      - script: |
-          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86_amd64
-          cmake --build . ^
-                --config Release ^
-                --target test_xtensor_lib ^
-                -- -v
-        displayName: "Build xtensor"
-        workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build
+  - script: |
+      call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86_amd64
+      cmake --build . ^
+            --config Release ^
+            --target test_xtensor_lib ^
+            -- -v
+    displayName: Build xtensor
+    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build
 
       # Test
-      - script: |
-          setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
-          cd test
-          .\test_xtensor_lib
-        displayName: "Test xtensor"
-        workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build/test
+  - script: |
+      setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
+      cd test
+      .\test_xtensor_lib
+    displayName: Test xtensor
+    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build/test
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
index 0f0386fb1..947a17509 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
@@ -1,72 +1,72 @@
 steps:
-  - script: |
-      conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
-      conda update -q conda
-      conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
-      source activate xtensor
-      if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
-        conda install tbb-devel -c conda-forge
-      fi
-    displayName: Install dependencies
+- script: |
+    conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
+    conda update -q conda
+    conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
+    source activate xtensor
+    if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
+      conda install tbb-devel -c conda-forge
+    fi
+  displayName: Install dependencies
 
-  - script: |
-      source activate xtensor
-      if [[ $(check_cyclic_includes)  == 1 ]]; then
-        set -e
-        conda install networkx -c conda-forge
-        cd tools
-        chmod +x check_circular.py
-        ./check_circular.py
-        cd ..
-        set +e
-      fi
-    displayName: Check circular includes
+- script: |
+    source activate xtensor
+    if [[ $(check_cyclic_includes)  == 1 ]]; then
+      set -e
+      conda install networkx -c conda-forge
+      cd tools
+      chmod +x check_circular.py
+      ./check_circular.py
+      cd ..
+      set +e
+    fi
+  displayName: Check circular includes
 
-  - script: |
-      source activate xtensor
-      mkdir build
-      cd build
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_TESTS=ON";
-      if [[ $(bound_checks) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON";
-      fi
-      if [[ $(column_major_layout) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON";
-      fi
-      if [[ $(disable_xsimd) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=OFF";
-      else
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON";
-      fi
-      if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib ..";
-      fi
-      if [[ $(enable_openmp) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON";
-      fi
-      if [[ $(disable_exception) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTION=ON";
-      fi
-      if [[ $(enable_cpp17) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DCPP17=ON";
-      fi
-      if [[ $(build_benchmark) == 1 ]]; then
-        CMAKE_EXTA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON";
-      fi
+- script: |
+    source activate xtensor
+    mkdir build
+    cd build
+    CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_TESTS=ON";
+    if [[ $(bound_checks) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON";
+    fi
+    if [[ $(column_major_layout) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON";
+    fi
+    if [[ $(disable_xsimd) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=OFF";
+    else
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON";
+    fi
+    if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib ..";
+    fi
+    if [[ $(enable_openmp) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON";
+    fi
+    if [[ $(disable_exception) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTION=ON";
+    fi
+    if [[ $(enable_cpp17) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DCPP17=ON";
+    fi
+    if [[ $(build_benchmark) == 1 ]]; then
+      CMAKE_EXTA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON";
+    fi
 
-      cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX $CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
-    displayName: Configure xtensor
-    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
+    cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX $CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
+  displayName: Configure xtensor
+  workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
 
-  - script: |
-      source activate xtensor
-      make -j2 test_xtensor_lib
-    displayName: Build xtensor
-    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build
+- script: |
+    source activate xtensor
+    make -j2 test_xtensor_lib
+  displayName: Build xtensor
+  workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build
 
-  - script: |
-      source activate xtensor
-      cd test
-      ./test_xtensor_lib
-    displayName: Test xtensor
-    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build/test
+- script: |
+    source activate xtensor
+    cd test
+    ./test_xtensor_lib
+  displayName: Test xtensor
+  workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build/test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
index 7b2b726ac..2b5f1a229 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: gh-pages
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-      - master
+    - master
 
 jobs:
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Set conda environment "test"
       uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
       with:
-        mamba-version: "*"
+        mamba-version: '*'
         channels: conda-forge,defaults
         channel-priority: true
         environment-file: docs/environment.yaml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
index c276c5e61..a5accaf3c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ jobs:
   pre-commit:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install micromamba
-        uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@v13
-        with:
-          environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-          environment-name: xtensor-dev
-          cache-downloads: true
-      - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Install micromamba
+      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@v13
+      with:
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        environment-name: xtensor-dev
+        cache-downloads: true
+    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index f4fd4d432..82ec98ea3 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,23 +1,37 @@
 repos:
-  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.3.0
-    hooks:
-    - id: check-added-large-files
-    - id: check-case-conflict
-    - id: end-of-file-fixer
-    - id: trailing-whitespace
-    - id: mixed-line-ending
-      args: ["--fix=lf"]
-      exclude: '\.bat$'
-    - id: check-json
-    - id: pretty-format-json
-      args: ["--autofix", "--top-keys=version"]
-    - id: check-yaml
-    - id: detect-private-key
-    - id: check-merge-conflict
-  - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v1.3.1
-    hooks:
-      - id: forbid-tabs
-      - id: remove-tabs
-        args: [--whitespaces-count, "4"]
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v4.3.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: check-added-large-files
+  - id: check-case-conflict
+  - id: end-of-file-fixer
+  - id: trailing-whitespace
+  - id: mixed-line-ending
+    args: [--fix=lf]
+    exclude: \.bat$
+  - id: check-json
+  - id: pretty-format-json
+    args: [--autofix, --top-keys=version]
+  - id: check-yaml
+  - id: detect-private-key
+  - id: check-merge-conflict
+- repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v1.3.1
+  hooks:
+  - id: forbid-tabs
+  - id: remove-tabs
+    args: [--whitespaces-count, '4']
+- repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v2.5.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: pretty-format-yaml
+    args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
+- repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/cpp_comment_format
+  rev: v0.2.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: cpp_comment_format
+- repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/conda_envfile
+  rev: v0.4.1
+  hooks:
+  - id: conda_envfile_parse
+    files: environment.yaml
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index 4be81883d..29081a9d0 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 trigger:
-  - master
+- master
 
 jobs:
-  - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
-  - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
-  - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
-  - template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
+- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
+- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
+- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
diff --git a/docs/environment.yaml b/docs/environment.yaml
index cabaf57df..9584ae39d 100644
--- a/docs/environment.yaml
+++ b/docs/environment.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 channels:
-  - conda-forge
+- conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - doxygen
+- doxygen
diff --git a/docs/environment.yml b/docs/environment.yml
index 3b9b55633..b59199a2c 100644
--- a/docs/environment.yml
+++ b/docs/environment.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: xtensor-docs
 
 channels:
-  - conda-forge
+- conda-forge
 
 dependencies:
-  - breathe
+- breathe
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 3e629c769..d8146846f 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 name: xtensor
 channels:
-  - conda-forge
+- conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - cmake
-  - xtl=0.7.0
-  - xsimd=9.0.1
-  - nlohmann_json
-  - doctest=2.4.7
-  - pre-commit
+- cmake
+- xtl=0.7.0
+- xsimd=9.0.1
+- nlohmann_json
+- doctest=2.4.7
+- pre-commit
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 6a79ab770..40943f0b1 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: xtensor
 channels:
-  - conda-forge
+- conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - xtensor=0.24.4
-  - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
-  - xeus-cling=0.13.0
+- xtensor=0.24.4
+- xtensor-blas=0.20.0
+- xeus-cling=0.13.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 3e44e0bf9..771c15155 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -572,10 +572,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Returns a constant pointer to the underlying array serving as element storage. The pointer
-    * is such that range [data(); data() + size()] is always a valid range, even if the
-    * container is empty (data() is not is not dereferenceable in that case)
-    */
+     * Returns a constant pointer to the underlying array serving as element storage. The pointer
+     * is such that range [data(); data() + size()] is always a valid range, even if the
+     * container is empty (data() is not is not dereferenceable in that case)
+     */
     template <class D>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::data() const noexcept -> const_pointer
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index d6161973a..e8e5b8fd4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Functions that can apply to any xexpression regardless of its specific type should take a
      * xexpression argument.
      *
-     * \tparam E The derived type.
+     * @tparam E The derived type.
      *
      */
     template <class D>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 0b21bf44f..045241914 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -573,6 +573,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Data
      */
+
     /**
      * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position in the function.
      * @param args a list of indices specifying the position in the function. Indices
@@ -591,6 +592,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Data
      */
+
     /**
      * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position of the underlying
      * contiguous storage of the function.
@@ -673,10 +675,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Checks whether the xfunction can be linearly assigned to an expression
-    * with the specified strides.
-    * @return a boolean indicating whether a linear assign is possible
-    */
+     * Checks whether the xfunction can be linearly assigned to an expression
+     * with the specified strides.
+     * @return a boolean indicating whether a linear assign is possible
+     */
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class S>
     inline bool xfunction<F, CT...>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index caf6c1f0b..85c12c7fc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -655,11 +655,11 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Constructs an xfunctor_applier_base expression wrappering the specified \ref xexpression.
-    *
-    * @param func the functor to be applied to the elements of the underlying expression.
-    * @param e the underlying expression
-    */
+     * Constructs an xfunctor_applier_base expression wrappering the specified \ref xexpression.
+     *
+     * @param func the functor to be applied to the elements of the underlying expression.
+     * @param e the underlying expression
+     */
     template <class D>
     template <class Func, class E>
     inline xfunctor_applier_base<D>::xfunctor_applier_base(Func&& func, E&& e) noexcept
@@ -671,6 +671,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Size and shape
      */
+
     /**
      * Returns the size of the expression.
      */
@@ -726,6 +727,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Data
      */
+
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position in the expression.
      * @param args a list of indices specifying the position in the function. Indices
@@ -875,10 +877,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Checks whether the xfunctor_applier_base can be linearly assigned to an expression
-    * with the specified strides.
-    * @return a boolean indicating whether a linear assign is possible
-    */
+     * Checks whether the xfunctor_applier_base can be linearly assigned to an expression
+     * with the specified strides.
+     * @return a boolean indicating whether a linear assign is possible
+     */
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
     inline bool xfunctor_applier_base<D>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const
@@ -1135,6 +1137,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Reverse broadcast iterators
      */
+
     /**
      * Returns an iterator to the first element of the expression. The
      * iteration is broadcasted to the specified shape.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index 05d1493b1..51bec47fc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Data
      */
+
     /**
      * Returns the evaluated element at the specified position in the function.
      * @param args a list of indices specifying the position in the function. Indices
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
index a183dfb2d..7912a87ef 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
@@ -151,31 +151,31 @@ namespace xt
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(threshold)
 
        /**
-         * @class edge_items
-         *
-         * io manipulator used to set the number of egde items if
-         * the summarization is triggered.
-         *
-         * \code{.cpp}
-         * using po = xt::print_options;
-         * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
-         * std::cout << po::edge_items(5) << a << std::endl;
-         * \endcode
-         */
+        * @class edge_items
+        *
+        * io manipulator used to set the number of egde items if
+        * the summarization is triggered.
+        *
+        * \code{.cpp}
+        * using po = xt::print_options;
+        * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
+        * std::cout << po::edge_items(5) << a << std::endl;
+        * \endcode
+        */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(edge_items)
 
        /**
-         * @class precision
-         *
-         * io manipulator used to set the precision of the floating point values
-         * when printing an expression.
-         *
-         * \code{.cpp}
-         * using po = xt::print_options;
-         * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
-         * std::cout << po::precision(5) << a << std::endl;
-         * \endcode
-         */
+        * @class precision
+        *
+        * io manipulator used to set the precision of the floating point values
+        * when printing an expression.
+        *
+        * \code{.cpp}
+        * using po = xt::print_options;
+        * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
+        * std::cout << po::precision(5) << a << std::endl;
+        * \endcode
+        */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(precision)
    }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
index dc2bf89e1..6cf33a3dd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
@@ -1114,6 +1114,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Broadcast iterators
      */
+
      /**
       * Returns an iterator to the first element of the expression. The
       * iteration is broadcasted to the specified shape.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
index 3468dcf57..72b050b5f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
@@ -35,15 +35,14 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Implementation of the following logical table:
      *
-     * @verbatim
-         | d | a | r | c |
-       --+---+---+---+---+
-       d | d | d | d | d |
-       a | d | a | r | c |
-       r | d | r | r | d |
-       c | d | c | d | c |
-       d = dynamic, a = any, r = row_major, c = column_major.
-       @endverbatim
+     *        | d | a | r | c |
+     *      --+---+---+---+---+
+     *      d | d | d | d | d |
+     *      a | d | a | r | c |
+     *      r | d | r | r | d |
+     *      c | d | c | d | c |
+     *      d = dynamic, a = any, r = row_major, c = column_major.
+     *
      * Using bitmasks to avoid nested if-else statements.
      *
      * @param args the input layouts.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 9a0020f98..616b646ad 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1588,14 +1588,14 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup nearint_functions
-    * @brief floor function.
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise smallest integer value
-    * not greater than \em e.
-    * @param e an \ref xexpression
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup nearint_functions
+     * @brief floor function.
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise smallest integer value
+     * not greater than \em e.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline auto floor(E&& e) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::floor_fun, E>
@@ -1604,14 +1604,14 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup nearint_functions
-    * @brief trunc function.
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise nearest integer not greater
-    * in magnitude than \em e.
-    * @param e an \ref xexpression
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup nearint_functions
+     * @brief trunc function.
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise nearest integer not greater
+     * in magnitude than \em e.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline auto trunc(E&& e) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::trunc_fun, E>
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param axes the axes along which the product is computed (optional)
      * @param ddof delta degrees of freedom (optional).
      *             The divisor used in calculations is N - ddof, where N represents the number of
-                   elements. By default ddof is zero.
+     *             elements. By default ddof is zero.
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is `E::value_type`.
      *           `T` is also used for determining the value type of the result, which is the type
@@ -2088,7 +2088,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param axes the axes along which the variance is computed (optional)
      * @param ddof delta degrees of freedom (optional).
      *             The divisor used in calculations is N - ddof, where N represents the number of
-                   elements. By default ddof is zero.
+     *             elements. By default ddof is zero.
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
      * @tparam T the value type used for internal computation. The default is
      *           `E::value_type`. `T`is also used for determining the value type of the result,
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
index b62cb8ac5..05201f646 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ namespace xt
      ***********************************/
 
     /**
-     * \brief L0 pseudo-norm of a complex number.
+     * @brief L0 pseudo-norm of a complex number.
      * Equivalent to <tt>t != 0</tt>.
      */
     template <class T>
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * \brief L1 norm of a complex number.
+     * @brief L1 norm of a complex number.
      */
     template <class T>
     inline auto norm_l1(const std::complex<T>& t) noexcept
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * \brief L2 norm of a complex number.
+     * @brief L2 norm of a complex number.
      * Equivalent to <tt>std::abs(t)</tt>.
      */
     template <class T>
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * \brief Squared norm of a complex number.
+     * @brief Squared norm of a complex number.
      * Equivalent to <tt>std::norm(t)</tt> (yes, the C++ standard really defines
      * <tt>norm()</tt> to compute the squared norm).
      */
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * \brief L-infinity norm of a complex number.
+     * @brief L-infinity norm of a complex number.
      */
     template <class T>
     inline auto norm_linf(const std::complex<T>& t) noexcept
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * \brief p-th power of the Lp norm of a complex number.
+     * @brief p-th power of the Lp norm of a complex number.
      */
     template <class T>
     inline auto norm_lp_to_p(const std::complex<T>& t, double p) noexcept
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * \brief Lp norm of a complex number.
+     * @brief Lp norm of a complex number.
      */
     template <class T>
     inline auto norm_lp(const std::complex<T>& t, double p) noexcept
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
      *  For scalar types: implemented as <tt>abs(t)</tt><br>
      *  otherwise: implemented as <tt>sqrt(norm_sq(t))</tt>.
-    */
+     */
     template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
     inline auto norm_l2(E&& e, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
      * @param axes the axes along which the norm is computed
      * @return an \ref xreducer (specifically: <tt>sqrt(norm_sq(e, axes))</tt>) (or xcontainer, depending on evaluation strategy)
-    */
+     */
     template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
               XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>, xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto norm_l2(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
index 93eb9ecb5..afe0d534b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
@@ -240,14 +240,14 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
-    * @brief Opposite
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise opposite
-    * of \a e.
-    * @param e an \ref xexpression
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
+     * @brief Opposite
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise opposite
+     * of \a e.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline auto operator-(E&& e) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::negate, E>
@@ -256,15 +256,15 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
-    * @brief Addition
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise addition
-    * of \a e1 and \a e2.
-    * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
+     * @brief Addition
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise addition
+     * of \a e1 and \a e2.
+     * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline auto operator+(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::plus, E1, E2>
@@ -273,15 +273,15 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
-    * @brief Substraction
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise substraction
-    * of \a e2 to \a e1.
-    * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
+     * @brief Substraction
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise substraction
+     * of \a e2 to \a e1.
+     * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline auto operator-(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::minus, E1, E2>
@@ -290,15 +290,15 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
-    * @brief Multiplication
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise multiplication
-    * of \a e1 by \a e2.
-    * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
+     * @brief Multiplication
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise multiplication
+     * of \a e1 by \a e2.
+     * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline auto operator*(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::multiplies, E1, E2>
@@ -307,15 +307,15 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
-    * @brief Division
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise division
-    * of \a e1 by \a e2.
-    * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup arithmetic_operators
+     * @brief Division
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise division
+     * of \a e1 by \a e2.
+     * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline auto operator/(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::divides, E1, E2>
@@ -362,15 +362,15 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief And
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise and
-    * of \a e1 and \a e2.
-    * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief And
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise and
+     * of \a e1 and \a e2.
+     * @param e1 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline auto operator&&(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_and, E1, E2>
@@ -379,14 +379,14 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief Not
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise not
-    * of \a e.
-    * @param e an \ref xexpression
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief Not
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise not
+     * of \a e.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline auto operator!(E&& e) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_not, E>
@@ -788,17 +788,17 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief Ternary selection
-    *
-    * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise
-    * ternary selection (i.e. operator ? :) of \a e1,
-    * \a e2 and \a e3.
-    * @param e1 a boolean \ref xexpression
-    * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @param e3 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
-    * @return an \ref xfunction
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief Ternary selection
+     *
+     * Returns an \ref xfunction for the element-wise
+     * ternary selection (i.e. operator ? :) of \a e1,
+     * \a e2 and \a e3.
+     * @param e1 a boolean \ref xexpression
+     * @param e2 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @param e3 an \ref xexpression or a scalar
+     * @return an \ref xfunction
+     */
     template <class E1, class E2, class E3>
     inline auto where(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, E3&& e3) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::conditional_ternary, E1, E2, E3>
@@ -946,14 +946,14 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief Any
-    *
-    * Returns true if any of the values of \a e is truthy,
-    * false otherwise.
-    * @param e an \ref xexpression
-    * @return a boolean
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief Any
+     *
+     * Returns true if any of the values of \a e is truthy,
+     * false otherwise.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @return a boolean
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline bool any(E&& e)
     {
@@ -963,14 +963,14 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief Any
-    *
-    * Returns true if all of the values of \a e are truthy,
-    * false otherwise.
-    * @param e an \ref xexpression
-    * @return a boolean
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief Any
+     *
+     * Returns true if all of the values of \a e are truthy,
+     * false otherwise.
+     * @param e an \ref xexpression
+     * @return a boolean
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline bool all(E&& e)
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
index 9f5075fd3..0d9401158 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
@@ -374,13 +374,13 @@ namespace xt
     //@}
 
     /**
-    * @name Constructors from initializer list
-    */
+     * @name Constructors from initializer list
+     */
     //@{
     /**
-    * Allocates a one-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
-    * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
-    */
+     * Allocates a one-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
+     * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
+     */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 1> t)
         : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
@@ -392,9 +392,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Allocates a two-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
-    * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
-    */
+     * Allocates a two-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
+     * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
+     */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 2> t)
         : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
@@ -406,9 +406,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Allocates a three-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
-    * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
-    */
+     * Allocates a three-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
+     * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
+     */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 3> t)
         : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
@@ -420,9 +420,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Allocates a four-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
-    * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
-    */
+     * Allocates a four-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
+     * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
+     */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 4> t)
         : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
@@ -434,9 +434,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Allocates a five-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
-    * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
-    */
+     * Allocates a five-dimensional xoptional_assembly.
+     * @param t the elements of the xoptional_assembly
+     */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 5> t)
         : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index 15704b0d5..a87054a29 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -335,17 +335,17 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
          /**
-         * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
-         * a gemoetric random number distribution with
-         * probability of success equal to @p prob for each of the Bernoulli trials.
-         *
-         * Numbers are drawn from @c std::geometric_distribution.
-         *
-         * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
-         * @param prob probability of success of each trial
-         * @param engine random number engine
-         * @tparam T number type to use
-         */
+          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
+          * a gemoetric random number distribution with
+          * probability of success equal to @p prob for each of the Bernoulli trials.
+          *
+          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::geometric_distribution.
+          *
+          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
+          * @param prob probability of success of each trial
+          * @param engine random number engine
+          * @tparam T number type to use
+          */
         template <class T, class S, class D, class E>
         inline auto geometric(const S& shape, D prob, E& engine)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index ae0b962bc..061810532 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -1368,6 +1368,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Data
      */
+
     /**
      * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position in the reducer.
      * @param args a list of indices specifying the position in the reducer. Indices
@@ -1474,10 +1475,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Checks whether the xreducer can be linearly assigned to an expression
-    * with the specified strides.
-    * @return a boolean indicating whether a linear assign is possible
-    */
+     * Checks whether the xreducer can be linearly assigned to an expression
+     * with the specified strides.
+     * @return a boolean indicating whether a linear assign is possible
+     */
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
     template <class S>
     inline bool xreducer<F, CT, X, O>::has_linear_assign(const S& /*strides*/) const noexcept
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
index 7e7d46f39..c06e3f335 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -476,6 +476,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Assign functions
      */
+
     /**
      * Assigns the xexpression \c e to \c *this. Ensures no temporary
      * will be used to perform the assignment.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
index 4d51fbf98..1b741b15d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief isin
-    *
-    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
-    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
-    * @param element an \ref xexpression
-    * @param test_elements an array
-    * @return a boolean array
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief isin
+     *
+     * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+     * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+     * @param element an \ref xexpression
+     * @param test_elements an array
+     * @return a boolean array
+     */
     template <class E, class T>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, std::initializer_list<T> test_elements) noexcept
     {
@@ -70,15 +70,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief isin
-    *
-    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
-    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
-    * @param element an \ref xexpression
-    * @param test_elements an array
-    * @return a boolean array
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief isin
+     *
+     * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+     * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+     * @param element an \ref xexpression
+     * @param test_elements an array
+     * @return a boolean array
+     */
     template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
     {
@@ -87,16 +87,16 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief isin
-    *
-    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
-    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
-    * @param element an \ref xexpression
-    * @param test_elements_begin iterator to the beginning of an array
-    * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
-    * @return a boolean array
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief isin
+     *
+     * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+     * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+     * @param element an \ref xexpression
+     * @param test_elements_begin iterator to the beginning of an array
+     * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
+     * @return a boolean array
+     */
     template <class E, class I, class = typename std::enable_if_t<is_iterator<I>::value>>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
@@ -106,15 +106,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief in1d
-    *
-    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
-    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
-    * @param element an \ref xexpression
-    * @param test_elements an array
-    * @return a boolean array
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief in1d
+     *
+     * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+     * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+     * @param element an \ref xexpression
+     * @param test_elements an array
+     * @return a boolean array
+     */
     template <class E, class T>
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, std::initializer_list<T> test_elements) noexcept
     {
@@ -123,15 +123,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief in1d
-    *
-    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
-    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
-    * @param element an \ref xexpression
-    * @param test_elements an array
-    * @return a boolean array
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief in1d
+     *
+     * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+     * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+     * @param element an \ref xexpression
+     * @param test_elements an array
+     * @return a boolean array
+     */
     template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
     {
@@ -141,16 +141,16 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup logical_operators
-    * @brief in1d
-    *
-    * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
-    * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
-    * @param element an \ref xexpression
-    * @param test_elements_begin iterator to the beginning of an array
-    * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
-    * @return a boolean array
-    */
+     * @ingroup logical_operators
+     * @brief in1d
+     *
+     * Returns a boolean array of the same shape as ``element`` that is ``true`` where an element of
+     * ``element`` is in ``test_elements`` and ``False`` otherwise.
+     * @param element an \ref xexpression
+     * @param test_elements_begin iterator to the beginning of an array
+     * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
+     * @return a boolean array
+     */
     template <class E, class I, class = typename std::enable_if_t<is_iterator<I>::value>>
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
index 67ec3072c..c3676cf3d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
@@ -92,22 +92,18 @@ namespace xtl
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    /**
-     * @defgroup xt_xshape Shape manipulation and querrying utilities.
-     */
-
     /**************
      * same_shape *
      **************/
 
     /**
-    * Check if two objects have the same shape.
-    *
-    * @ingroup xt_xshape
-    * @param s1 an array
-    * @param s2 an array
-    * @return bool
-    */
+     * Check if two objects have the same shape.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
+     * @param s1 an array
+     * @param s2 an array
+     * @return bool
+     */
     template <class S1, class S2>
     inline bool same_shape(const S1& s1, const S2& s2) noexcept
     {
@@ -119,13 +115,13 @@ namespace xt
      *************/
 
     /**
-    * Check if an object has a certain shape.
-    *
-    * @ingroup xt_xshape
-    * @param a an array
-    * @param shape the shape to test
-    * @return bool
-    */
+     * Check if an object has a certain shape.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
+     * @param a an array
+     * @param shape the shape to test
+     * @return bool
+     */
     template <class E, class S>
     inline bool has_shape(const E& e, std::initializer_list<S> shape) noexcept
     {
@@ -133,13 +129,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * Check if an object has a certain shape.
-    *
-    * @ingroup has_shape
-    * @param a an array
-    * @param shape the shape to test
-    * @return bool
-    */
+     * Check if an object has a certain shape.
+     *
+     * @ingroup has_shape
+     * @param a an array
+     * @param shape the shape to test
+     * @return bool
+     */
     template <class E, class S, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<S>::value>>
     inline bool has_shape(const E& e, const S& shape)
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 60c5bcbde..b31cdb31a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -336,9 +336,9 @@ namespace xt
     >;
 
     /**
-    * @typedef xstrided_slice_vector
-    * @brief vector of slices used to build a `xstrided_view`
-    */
+     * @typedef xstrided_slice_vector
+     * @brief vector of slices used to build a `xstrided_view`
+     */
     using xstrided_slice_vector = std::vector<xstrided_slice<std::ptrdiff_t>>;
 
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::dynamic, class E, class S, class X>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index ff8a5623a..1a322cfbe 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup strides
-    * @brief strides_type
-    *
-    * Choose stride type
-    */
+     * @ingroup strides
+     * @brief strides_type
+     *
+     * Choose stride type
+     */
     enum class stride_type
     {
         internal = 0, ///< As used internally (with `stride(axis) == 0` if `shape(axis) == 1`)
@@ -188,13 +188,13 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup strides
-    * @brief strides
-    *
-    * Get strides of an object.
-    * @param a an array
-    * @return array
-    */
+     * @ingroup strides
+     * @brief strides
+     *
+     * Get strides of an object.
+     * @param a an array
+     * @return array
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline auto strides(const E& e, stride_type type = stride_type::normal) noexcept
     {
@@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-    * @ingroup strides
-    * @brief strides
-    *
-    * Get stride of an object along an axis.
-    * @param a an array
-    * @return integer
-    */
+     * @ingroup strides
+     * @brief strides
+     *
+     * Get stride of an object along an axis.
+     * @param a an array
+     * @return integer
+     */
     template <class E>
     inline auto strides(const E& e, std::size_t axis, stride_type type = stride_type::normal) noexcept
     {
diff --git a/readthedocs.yml b/readthedocs.yml
index 02f0e7baa..004a03aec 100644
--- a/readthedocs.yml
+++ b/readthedocs.yml
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 conda:
-    file: docs/environment.yml
+  file: docs/environment.yml

From fffc9f5b827c1093551c8b20e1cc7938b41b0d06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrien DELSALLE <ad.delsalle@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 11:54:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 368/606] fix TBB target in CMake exported interface

---
 xtensorConfig.cmake.in | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
index 6bd25bc1b..ec72abb55 100644
--- a/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
+++ b/xtensorConfig.cmake.in
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
     find_dependency(TBB)
-    target_link_libraries(@PROJECT_NAME@ INTERFACE tbb)
+    target_link_libraries(@PROJECT_NAME@ INTERFACE TBB::tbb)
     target_compile_definitions(@PROJECT_NAME@ INTERFACE XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
 endif()
 

From 3172f8f7944a1385ada10614094a53ca945931f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 16:45:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 369/606] More doxygengroup

---
 docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst   | 12 -------
 docs/source/api/container_index.rst |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst  | 14 ++++++++
 docs/source/api/xeval.rst           |  6 ++--
 docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst   | 11 +++---
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp  | 27 +++++++++++----
 include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp        | 53 +++++++++++++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp           | 31 +++++++++++------
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp   | 48 ++++++++++++++------------
 9 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst b/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f2fbb42d5..000000000
--- a/docs/source/api/chunked_array.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
-
-   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
-
-   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
-
-chunked_array
-=============
-
-Defined in ``xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp``
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::chunked_array
diff --git a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
index 985e5d217..a2e948060 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ xexpression API is actually implemented in ``xstrided_container`` and ``xcontain
    xiterable
    xarray
    xarray_adaptor
-   chunked_array
+   xchunked_array
    xtensor
    xtensor_adaptor
    xfixed
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst b/docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aefb73535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvaidan Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+xchunked_array
+=============
+
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
+
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xchunked_array
+
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xeval.rst b/docs/source/api/xeval.rst
index 5048affad..c70420965 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xeval.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xeval.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 xeval
 =====
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xeval.hpp``
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::eval(E&& e)
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xeval
+
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst
index c9e9a070a..53ee7573d 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfunctor_view.rst
@@ -7,13 +7,12 @@
 xfunctor_view
 =============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp``
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
-.. doxygenclass:: xt::xfunctor_view
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xfunctor_view
    :members:
+   :undoc-members:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xcomplex.hpp``
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xcomplex
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::real(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::imag(E&&)
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 410d122b0..8163343fa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xchunked_array
+     *
+     * Chunked array container.
+     * Defined in ``xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp``.
+     */
 
     /******************************
      * xchunked_array declaration *
@@ -189,7 +195,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
-     * This function returns an uninitialized ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>``.
+     *
+     * This function returns an uninitialized ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>``.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xchunked_array
      *
      * @tparam T The type of the elements (e.g. double)
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
@@ -198,7 +207,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
      * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
      *
-     * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` with the given shape, chunk shape and memory layout.
+     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` with the given shape, chunk shape and memory layout.
      */
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class S>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
@@ -208,7 +217,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
-     * This function returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
+     *
+     * This function returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xchunked_array
      *
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
      *
@@ -216,7 +228,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
      * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
      *
-     * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the given chunk shape and memory layout.
+     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the given chunk shape and memory layout.
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class E, class S>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
@@ -224,14 +236,17 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
-     * This function returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
+     *
+     * This function returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` initialized from an expression.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xchunked_array
      *
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the array
      *
      * @param e The expression to initialize the chunked array from
      * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
      *
-     * @return returns a ``xchunked_array<xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the expression's chunk shape and the given memory layout.
+     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the expression's chunk shape and the given memory layout.
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class E>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
index d6dd4e44d..b1f272fc6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xcomplex
+     *
+     * Defined in ``xtensor/xcomplex.hpp``
+     */
+
     /******************************
      * real and imag declarations *
      ******************************/
@@ -105,12 +112,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Returns an \ref xexpression representing the real part of the given expression.
+     * Return an xt::xexpression representing the real part of the given expression.
      *
-     * @tparam e the \ref xexpression
+     * The returned expression either hold a const reference to @p e or a copy
+     * depending on whether @p e is an lvalue or an rvalue.
      *
-     * The returned expression either hold a const reference to \p e or a copy
-     * depending on whether \p e is an lvalue or an rvalue.
+     * @ingroup xt_xcomplex
+     * @tparam e The xt::xexpression
      */
     template <class E>
     inline decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
@@ -119,12 +127,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Returns an \ref xexpression representing the imaginary part of the given expression.
+     * Return an xt::xexpression representing the imaginary part of the given expression.
      *
-     * @tparam e the \ref xexpression
+     * The returned expression either hold a const reference to @p e or a copy
+     * depending on whether @p e is an lvalue or an rvalue.
      *
-     * The returned expression either hold a const reference to \p e or a copy
-     * depending on whether \p e is an lvalue or an rvalue.
+     * @ingroup xt_xcomplex
+     * @tparam e The xt::xexpression
      */
     template <class E>
     inline decltype(auto) imag(E&& e) noexcept
@@ -183,9 +192,10 @@ namespace xt
 #undef UNARY_COMPLEX_FUNCTOR
 
     /**
-     * @brief Returns an \ref xfunction evaluating to the complex conjugate of the given expression.
+     * Return an xt::xfunction evaluating to the complex conjugate of the given expression.
      *
-     * @param e the \ref xexpression
+     * @ingroup xt_xcomplex
+     * @param e the xt::xexpression
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto conj(E&& e) noexcept
@@ -196,8 +206,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Calculates the phase angle (in radians) elementwise for the complex numbers in e.
-     * @param e the \ref xexpression
+     * Calculates the phase angle (in radians) elementwise for the complex numbers in @p e.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xcomplex
+     * @param e the xt::xexpression
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto arg(E&& e) noexcept
@@ -208,9 +220,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Calculates the phase angle elementwise for the complex numbers in e.
-     * Note that this function might be slightly less perfomant than \ref arg.
-     * @param e the \ref xexpression
+     * Calculates the phase angle elementwise for the complex numbers in @p e.
+     *
+     * Note that this function might be slightly less perfomant than xt::arg.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xcomplex
+     * @param e the xt::xexpression
      * @param deg calculate angle in degrees instead of radians
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -226,9 +241,11 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Calculates the squared magnitude elementwise for the complex numbers in e.
-     * Equivalent to pow(real(e), 2) + pow(imag(e), 2).
-     * @param e the \ref xexpression
+     * Calculates the squared magnitude elementwise for the complex numbers in @p e.
+     *
+     * Equivalent to ``xt::pow(xt::real(e), 2) + xt::pow(xt::imag(e), 2)``.
+     * @ingroup xt_xcomplex
+     * @param e the xt::xexpression
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto norm(E&& e) noexcept
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 47c572fd3..539955e22 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@
 namespace xt
 {
 
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xeval
+     *
+     * Evaluation functions.
+     * Defined in ``xtensor/xeval.hpp``
+     */
+
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class T>
@@ -25,13 +32,15 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Force evaluation of xexpression.
-     * @return xarray or xtensor depending on shape type
      *
      * \code{.cpp}
-     * xarray<double> a = {1,2,3,4};
+     * xt::xarray<double> a = {1,2,3,4};
      * auto&& b = xt::eval(a); // b is a reference to a, no copy!
      * auto&& c = xt::eval(a + b); // c is xarray<double>, not an xexpression
      * \endcode
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xeval
+     * @return xt::xarray or xt::xtensor depending on shape type
      */
     template <class T>
     inline auto eval(T&& t)
@@ -110,20 +119,20 @@ namespace xt
      * Force evaluation of xexpression not providing a data interface
      * and convert to the required layout.
      *
-     * @warning This function should be used in a local context only.
-     * Returning the value returned by this function could lead to a dangling reference.
-     *
-     * @return The expression when it already provides a data interface with the correct layout,
-     * an evaluated xarray or xtensor depending on shape type otherwise.
-     *
      * \code{.cpp}
-     * xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a = {1,2,3,4};
+     * xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {1,2,3,4};
      * auto&& b = xt::as_strided(a); // b is a reference to a, no copy!
-     * auto&& c = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(a); // b is xarray<double> with the required layout
+     * auto&& c = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a); // b is xarray<double> with the required layout
      * auto&& a_cast = xt::cast<int>(a); // a_cast is an xexpression
      * auto&& d = xt::as_strided(a_cast); // d is xarray<int>, not an xexpression
-     * auto&& e = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(a_cast); // d is xarray<int> with the required layout
+     * auto&& e = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a_cast); // d is xarray<int> with the required layout
      * \endcode
+     *
+     * @warning This function should be used in a local context only.
+     *          Returning the value returned by this function could lead to a dangling reference.
+     * @ingroup xt_xeval
+     * @return The expression when it already provides a data interface with the correct layout,
+     *         an evaluated xt::xarray or xt::xtensor depending on shape type otherwise.
      */
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
     inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 85c12c7fc..43d941360 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xfunctor_view
+     *
+     * Chunked array container.
+     * Defined in ``xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp``
+     */
 
     /************************************************
      * xfunctor_view and xfunctor_adaptor extension *
@@ -389,23 +395,23 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     /**
-     * @class xfunctor_view
-     * @brief View of an xexpression .
+     * View of an xexpression .
      *
-     * The xfunctor_view class is an expression addressing its elements by applying a functor to the
-     * corresponding element of an underlying expression. Unlike e.g. xgenerator, an xfunctor_view is
-     * an lvalue. It is used e.g. to access real and imaginary parts of complex expressions.
+     * The xt::xfunctor_view class is an expression addressing its elements by applying a functor to the
+     * corresponding element of an underlying expression.
+     * Unlike e.g. xgenerator, an xt::xfunctor_view is an lvalue.
+     * It is used e.g. to access real and imaginary parts of complex expressions.
      *
-     * xfunctor_view has a view semantics and can be used on any expression.
-     * For a similar feature with a container semantics, one can use \ref xfunctor_adaptor.
+     * xt::xfunctor_view has a view semantics and can be used on any expression.
+     * For a similar feature with a container semantics, one can use xt::xfunctor_adaptor.
      *
-     * xfunctor_view is not meant to be used directly, but through helper functions such
-     * as \ref real or \ref imag.
+     * xt::xfunctor_view is not meant to be used directly, but through helper functions such
+     * as xt::real or xt::imag.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xfunctor_view
      * @tparam F the functor type to be applied to the elements of specified expression.
-     * @tparam CT the closure type of the \ref xexpression type underlying this view
-     *
-     * @sa real, imag
+     * @tparam CT the closure type of the xt::xexpression type underlying this view
+     * @see xt::real, xt::imag
      */
     template <class F, class CT>
     class xfunctor_view : public xfunctor_applier_base<xfunctor_view<F, CT>>,
@@ -466,16 +472,15 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     /**
-     * @class xfunctor_adaptor
-     * @brief Adapt a container with a functor, forwarding methods such as resize / reshape.
+     * Adapt a container with a functor, forwarding methods such as resize / reshape.
      *
-     * xfunctor_adaptor has a container semantics and can only be used with containers.
-     * For a similar feature with a view semantics, one can use \ref xfunctor_view.
+     * xt::xfunctor_adaptor has a container semantics and can only be used with containers.
+     * For a similar feature with a view semantics, one can use xt::xfunctor_view.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xfunctor_view
      * @tparam F the functor type to be applied to the elements of specified expression.
-     * @tparam CT the closure type of the \ref xexpression type underlying this view
-     *
-     * @sa xfunctor_view
+     * @tparam CT the closure type of the xt::xexpression type underlying this view
+     * @see xt::xfunctor_view
      */
     template <class F, class CT>
     class xfunctor_adaptor : public xfunctor_applier_base<xfunctor_adaptor<F, CT>>,
@@ -644,7 +649,7 @@ namespace xt
     //@{
 
     /**
-     * Constructs an xfunctor_applier_base expression wrappering the specified \ref xexpression.
+     * Constructs an xfunctor_applier_base expression wrappering the specified xt::xexpression.
      *
      * @param e the underlying expression
      */
@@ -655,7 +660,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Constructs an xfunctor_applier_base expression wrappering the specified \ref xexpression.
+     * Constructs an xfunctor_applier_base expression wrappering the specified xt::xexpression.
      *
      * @param func the functor to be applied to the elements of the underlying expression.
      * @param e the underlying expression
@@ -879,6 +884,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Checks whether the xfunctor_applier_base can be linearly assigned to an expression
      * with the specified strides.
+     *
      * @return a boolean indicating whether a linear assign is possible
      */
     template <class D>

From c63b775fc5e48d71100875332231bcff3befea14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Dec 2022 09:56:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 370/606] Update docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst

---
 docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst b/docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst
index aefb73535..f3971bf4f 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xchunked_array.rst
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
    The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
 
 xchunked_array
-=============
+==============
 
 .. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 

From 9f7196a31eb7295757895fa0d2b01266039bf4c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Dec 2022 16:31:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 371/606] Fix license comment format

---
 benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
index 5101d7bcb..c17c5cce1 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /****************************************************************************
  * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
- *                                                                          *                                                                                                               *
+ *                                                                          *
  * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
- *                                                                          *                                                                                                                *
+ *                                                                          *
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 

From 02525c5b53c01fba6c7e801bb1ab602a38dc9925 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:03:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 372/606] Change xindex_view reference type to handle const
 data

---
 include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp | 2 +-
 test/test_xindex_view.cpp       | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
index 48330e819..1a298a4ed 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace xt
         using expression_tag = typename extension_base::expression_tag;
 
         using value_type = typename xexpression_type::value_type;
-        using reference = typename xexpression_type::reference;
+        using reference = inner_reference_t<CT>;
         using const_reference = typename xexpression_type::const_reference;
         using pointer = typename xexpression_type::pointer;
         using const_pointer = typename xexpression_type::const_pointer;
diff --git a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
index 8bde8a27e..d01b9764f 100644
--- a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,15 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(3, e(2, 2));
     }
 
+    TEST(xindex_view, indices_const)
+    {
+        xarray<double> const e = xt::random::rand<double>({3, 3});
+        auto v = index_view(e, {{1ul, 1ul}, {1ul, 2ul}, {2ul, 2ul}});
+        EXPECT_EQ(e(1, 1), v(0));
+        auto const vc = index_view(e, {{1ul, 1ul}, {1ul, 2ul}, {2ul, 2ul}});
+        EXPECT_EQ(vc(0), v(0));
+    }
+
     TEST(xindex_view, boolean)
     {
         xarray<double> e = {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}};

From 7a36f90346770405a0613775db6d803495cb7efe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2022 17:20:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 373/606] Adding missing `defgroup` `xt_xshape`

---
 include/xtensor/xshape.hpp | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
index c3676cf3d..6589ca65f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ namespace xtl
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xshape Support functions to get/check a shape array.
+     */
+
     /**************
      * same_shape *
      **************/

From ba52457aeeec503c8647e6a8519a74776dfb8965 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jan 2023 15:41:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 374/606] Fix xindexed_view::to_end

---
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp | 15 ++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index d5053e693..ae8356792 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -979,9 +979,18 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C, bool is_const>
-    inline void xindexed_stepper<C, is_const>::to_end(layout_type)
-    {
-        std::copy(p_e->shape().begin(), p_e->shape().end(), m_index.begin());
+    inline void xindexed_stepper<C, is_const>::to_end(layout_type l)
+    {
+        auto const& shape = p_e->shape();
+        std::transform(
+            shape.cbegin(),
+            shape.cend(),
+            m_index.begin(),
+            [](const auto& v) { return v - 1; }
+        );
+
+        size_type l_dim = (l == layout_type::row_major) ? shape.size() - 1 : 0;
+        m_index[l_dim] = shape[l_dim];
     }
 
     /****************************

From 288072ac21af804f3cdad94bc3660031c954ec25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sg-james <james@softgenetics.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jan 2023 11:43:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 375/606] fixes #2568. Fixes MSVC optimizations causing
 segmentation faults in optimized (/O1 /O2 builds.

- this should fix 0-sized xarrays, xtensors (xt::xtensor<size_t, 0>), xt::argmax()
---
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 1a322cfbe..954039131 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -456,6 +456,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using strides_value_type = typename std::decay_t<strides_type>::value_type;
             strides_value_type data_size = 1;
+
+        #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (1931 <= _MSC_VER)
+            // Workaround MSVC compiler optimization bug, xtensor#2568
+            if (0 == shape.size()) {
+                return static_cast<std::size_t>(data_size);
+            }
+        #endif
+
             if (L == layout_type::row_major || l == layout_type::row_major)
             {
                 for (std::size_t i = shape.size(); i != 0; --i)

From 1489531069fd934afbba04b3ab5208bad74d111f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sg-james <james@softgenetics.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jan 2023 12:24:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 376/606] Add test case for argmax which results in
 xtensor<size_t, 0>

---
 test/test_xsort.cpp | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index 2b0853bcf..2146888c3 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -218,6 +218,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         xtensor<std::size_t, 2> ex_6 = {{0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_6, argmax(c, 1));
+
+        // xtensor#2568
+        xarray<double> d = {0, 1, 0};
+        xtensor<size_t, 0> d_ex_1 = { 1 };
+        EXPECT_EQ(d_ex_1, argmax(d));
+        EXPECT_EQ(1, argmax(d)(0));
     }
 
     TEST(xsort, sort_large_prob)

From 80a032efc52f85073dcf2feefe685d37372b3258 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sg-james <james@softgenetics.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jan 2023 18:05:58 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 377/606] docs: add description of compiler workaround

---
 docs/source/compilers.rst | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/compilers.rst b/docs/source/compilers.rst
index 1bd009809..bb525bfb0 100644
--- a/docs/source/compilers.rst
+++ b/docs/source/compilers.rst
@@ -50,6 +50,15 @@ In ``xfixed.hpp`` we add a level of indirection to expand one parameter pack bef
 Not doing this results in VS2017 complaining about a parameter pack that needs to be expanded in this
 context while it actually is.
 
+Visual Studio 2022 (19.31+) workaround inline compiler optimization bug
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In `xstrides.hpp`, added an early return inside `compute_strides` when ``shape.size() == 0`` to
+prevent a run time crash from occuring. Without this guard statement, instructions from inside the
+for loop were somehow being reached, despite being logically unreachable.
+Original issue  `here. <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/issues/2568>`_
+Upstream issue `here. <https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/t/Runtime-Crash-msvc--1931-with-optimiz/10134617>`_
+
 GCC-4.9 and Clang < 3.8 and constexpr ``std::min`` and ``std::max``
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
 

From 0ba59632ad64352bbde0020d271d6665bff45a1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Jan 2023 09:53:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 378/606] Update docs/source/compilers.rst

---
 docs/source/compilers.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/compilers.rst b/docs/source/compilers.rst
index bb525bfb0..69673031e 100644
--- a/docs/source/compilers.rst
+++ b/docs/source/compilers.rst
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ context while it actually is.
 Visual Studio 2022 (19.31+) workaround inline compiler optimization bug
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-In `xstrides.hpp`, added an early return inside `compute_strides` when ``shape.size() == 0`` to
+In ``xstrides.hpp``, added an early return inside ``compute_strides`` when ``shape.size() == 0`` to
 prevent a run time crash from occuring. Without this guard statement, instructions from inside the
 for loop were somehow being reached, despite being logically unreachable.
 Original issue  `here. <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/issues/2568>`_

From 6c10e5aa91f4df6fe97f7be8f298ffa0da375d55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: liuyuanqiang <liuyuanqiang.yqliu@bytedance.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Oct 2022 11:30:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 379/606] fix npy_file move assignment

---
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp |  2 +-
 test/test_xnpy.cpp       | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index f1118db8f..11f0e961e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             // delete copy constructor
             npy_file(const npy_file&) = delete;
-            npy_file& operator=(npy_file) = delete;
+            npy_file& operator=(const npy_file&) = delete;
 
             // implement move constructor and assignment
             npy_file(npy_file&& rhs)
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 96e30a6c9..18d5dacad 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -83,6 +83,29 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(iarr1d, iarr1d_loaded)));
     }
 
+    TEST(xnpy, npy_file_move)
+    {
+        xarray<bool> barr = {{{ 0, 0, 1},
+                              { 1, 1, 0},
+                              { 1, 0, 1}},
+                             {{ 1, 1, 0},
+                              { 0, 1, 0},
+                              { 0, 1, 0}},
+                             {{ 0, 0, 1},
+                              { 1, 1, 1},
+                              { 0, 0, 0}}};
+
+        std::ifstream bstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
+        detail::npy_file npy = detail::load_npy_file(bstream);
+        auto barr_cast = npy.cast<bool>(true);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(barr, barr_cast)));
+
+        detail::npy_file npy_move;
+        npy_move = std::move(npy);
+        auto barr_cast_move = npy_move.cast<bool>(true);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(barr, barr_cast_move)));
+    }
+
     bool compare_binary_files(std::string fn1, std::string fn2)
     {
         std::ifstream stream1(fn1, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);

From b396c5bfffd9198089a94e9685c0bc5e85dbda49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Jan 2023 13:51:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 380/606] Change extended tests test header

---
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy | 3 ++-
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy     | 3 ++-
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy   | 3 ++-
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy | 3 ++-
 test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy          | 4 ++--
 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
index 3b8e99e92..fee8395f2 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
@@ -17,6 +16,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
index 61139be9d..713e8e9e6 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy
@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy
index 0dc17aa7a..3fb808392 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy
@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
index c2393c1e1..2c8fafe1e 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy
@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
index fbd8ab5fb..3d2581f96 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-
 #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xsort.hpp>
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;

From ededd95a43c23e4bee8048818d9115b21825a5d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Jan 2023 16:07:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 381/606] Triggers CI


From c29ef1900592bf779bc498dd48e1ebf5acb15a59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 14:24:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 382/606] Upgraded to xsimd 10.0.0

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 4 ++--
 CMakeLists.txt                           | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index 3ad6865e3..cf8fb8f8c 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ jobs:
                     ninja ^
                     doctest==2.4.7 ^
                     nlohmann_json ^
-                    xtl==0.7.0 ^
-                    xsimd==9.0.1 ^
+                    xtl==0.7.4 ^
+                    xsimd==10.0.0 ^
                     python=3.9
       conda list
     displayName: Install conda packages
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 108efd56a..189e5d102 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB AND XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 9.0.1)
+    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 10.0.0)
     if(TARGET xsimd)
         set(xsimd_VERSION ${XSIMD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_MINOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_PATCH})
         # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index d8146846f..76fd110aa 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ channels:
 - conda-forge
 dependencies:
 - cmake
-- xtl=0.7.0
-- xsimd=9.0.1
+- xtl=0.7.4
+- xsimd=10.0.0
 - nlohmann_json
 - doctest=2.4.7
 - pre-commit

From 536d06be03295f22ece18a8109eaf86069f7575f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2023 01:32:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 383/606] Do not step further than last element in
 xreducer_stepper aggregation

---
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp | 12 ++++++------
 test/test_xreducer.cpp       | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index 061810532..cfb5e2690 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -1665,12 +1665,12 @@ namespace xt
         }
         else
         {
-            res = static_cast<reference>(m_reducer->m_init());
-            for (size_type i = 0; i != size; ++i, m_stepper.step(index))
+            res = m_reducer->m_reduce(static_cast<reference>(m_reducer->m_init()), *m_stepper);
+            for (size_type i = 1; i != size; ++i)
             {
+                m_stepper.step(index);
                 res = m_reducer->m_reduce(res, *m_stepper);
             }
-            m_stepper.step_back(index);
         }
         m_stepper.reset(index);
         return res;
@@ -1697,12 +1697,12 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else
             {
-                res = m_reducer->m_init();
-                for (size_type i = 0; i != size; ++i, m_stepper.step(index))
+                res = m_reducer->m_reduce(static_cast<reference>(m_reducer->m_init()), *m_stepper);
+                for (size_type i = 1; i != size; ++i)
                 {
+                    m_stepper.step(index);
                     res = m_reducer->m_reduce(res, *m_stepper);
                 }
-                m_stepper.step_back(index);
             }
             m_stepper.reset(index);
         }
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 1806ca25e..f01b81ec7 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -1085,4 +1085,28 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xtensor_fixed<float, xt::xshape<3>> res1 = res;
         EXPECT_EQ(res1, a * 2.);
     }
+
+    TEST(xreducer, sum_reshape_view_xfunction)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> a = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> b = { 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 };
+        xt::svector<double> sh = { 2, 4 };
+
+        auto res = xt::sum(xt::reshape_view(a * b, sh), 0);
+
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> ra = reshape_view(a, sh);
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> rb = reshape_view(b, sh);
+
+        auto exp = xt::sum(ra * rb, 0);
+
+        auto itres = res.cbegin();
+        auto itexp = exp.cbegin();
+        auto itexp_end = exp.cend();
+        while(itexp != itexp_end)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(*itres, *itexp);
+            ++itres;
+            ++itexp;
+        }
+    }
 }

From d7101d9a04a82a6852e108a731d1193849afa027 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 12:02:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 384/606] Add clang-format stlye file

---
 .clang-format | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .clang-format

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..746cde541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+BasedOnStyle: Mozilla
+AccessModifierOffset: '-4'
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: BlockIndent
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Left
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: false
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+# Forbid one line lambdas because clang-format makes a weird split when
+# single instructions lambdas are too long.
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: Empty
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
+BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackParameters: false
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: NonAssignment
+BreakBeforeBraces: Allman
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeComma
+BreakInheritanceList: AfterComma
+BreakStringLiterals: false
+ColumnLimit: '110'
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: '4'
+ContinuationIndentWidth: '4'
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+DisableFormat: false
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: true
+EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Always
+EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: Always
+IncludeBlocks: Regroup
+IndentCaseLabels: true
+IndentWidth: '4'
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+InsertTrailingCommas: Wrapped
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
+LambdaBodyIndentation: Signature
+Language: Cpp
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: '2'
+NamespaceIndentation: All
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: '4'
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: false
+PointerAlignment: Left
+PackConstructorInitializers: Never
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 100000
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 0
+PenaltyBreakComment: 10
+PenaltyBreakOpenParenthesis: 0
+PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 0
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 10
+PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 10
+ReflowComments: true
+SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Always
+SortIncludes: CaseInsensitive
+SortUsingDeclarations: true
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: true
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: '2'
+SpacesInAngles: false
+SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: false
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+Standard: c++14
+TabWidth: '4'
+UseTab: Never

From d608ef7aa20484629e99acdaa512e0594a3c49f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 12:03:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 385/606] Run clang-format in pre-commit

---
 .clang-format                         | 11 +++++++++++
 .github/workflows/static-analysis.yml |  6 ------
 .pre-commit-config.yaml               |  6 ++++++
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
index 746cde541..f91742cec 100644
--- a/.clang-format
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -34,6 +34,17 @@ ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: true
 EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Always
 EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: Always
 IncludeBlocks: Regroup
+IncludeCategories:
+- Regex: <[^.]+>
+  Priority: 1
+- Regex: <xtensor/.+>
+  Priority: 3
+- Regex: <.+>
+  Priority: 2
+- Regex: '"xtensor/.+"'
+  Priority: 4
+- Regex: '".+"'
+  Priority: 5
 IndentCaseLabels: true
 IndentWidth: '4'
 IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
index a5accaf3c..5441a3371 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
@@ -11,10 +11,4 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install micromamba
-      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@v13
-      with:
-        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-        environment-name: xtensor-dev
-        cache-downloads: true
     - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 82ec98ea3..0a401f409 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -35,3 +35,9 @@ repos:
   hooks:
   - id: conda_envfile_parse
     files: environment.yaml
+# Externally provided executables (so we can use them with editors as well).
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
+  rev: v15.0.6
+  hooks:
+  - id: clang-format
+    files: .*\.[hc]pp$

From 8c616b40d62e944f79c83d6a28e2c788b58e2472 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Dec 2022 13:38:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 386/606] Fix missing include

---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp          | 1 +
 include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp              | 2 ++
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp            | 1 +
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp | 1 +
 include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp        | 2 ++
 5 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 045241914..7c4c1da2d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
 #include "xexpression_traits.hpp"
 #include "xiterable.hpp"
+#include "xiterator.hpp"
 #include "xlayout.hpp"
 #include "xscalar.hpp"
 #include "xshape.hpp"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp b/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
index babbf7bbc..11ee885ea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include "xlayout.hpp"
+
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
 #  if __cplusplus < 201103
 #    define CONSTEXPR11_TN
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index 560bb9550..be69fa9f2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xiterable.hpp"
 
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index 7a4524c07..8481823e1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
index 727b9e17f..6691c16cc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 
 #include <array>
 
+#include "xlayout.hpp"
 #include "xslice.hpp"
+#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {

From 2c465b5d35815168ed4c4ffbda09346f20d8804e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jan 2023 15:32:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 387/606] Fix build on clangcl

---
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index 7b2d0c7ed..8e8183b29 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+// For some obscure reason xtensor.hpp need to be included first for Windows' Clangcl
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+//
 #include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xhistogram, histogram)

From c7ed57dfd2467d82935f2423a61ec612c44697d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Jan 2023 13:38:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 388/606] Apply clang-format

---
 benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp               |   31 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp                |   61 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp               |   19 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp             |   20 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp              |    4 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp     |   14 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp    |   26 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp                  |   81 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp                |   16 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp               |   56 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp           |  146 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp            |   42 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp       |   16 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp                 |   59 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp                |   15 +-
 benchmark/main.cpp                            |   17 +-
 include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp               |   21 +-
 include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp              |  124 +-
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp                    |  284 +-
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp                    |   76 +-
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp                   |  310 +-
 include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp            |   61 +-
 include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp      |  100 +-
 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp        |  922 ++--
 .../xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp   | 1020 ++---
 include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp                |   29 +-
 include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp           |  235 +-
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp                  |  168 +-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp            |  119 +-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp           |   54 +-
 include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp             |   50 +-
 include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp                  |   64 +-
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp                |  135 +-
 include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp                      |   94 +-
 include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp             |  208 +-
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp                     |   58 +-
 include/xtensor/xexception.hpp                |  122 +-
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp               |  194 +-
 include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp        |   33 +-
 include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp        |   18 +-
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp                    |  180 +-
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp                 |  297 +-
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp             |  227 +-
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp                |   44 +-
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp                |  215 +-
 include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp               |   85 +-
 include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp                     |   74 +-
 include/xtensor/xio.hpp                       |  219 +-
 include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp                 |  250 +-
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp                 |  278 +-
 include/xtensor/xjson.hpp                     |   23 +-
 include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp                   |   17 +-
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp             |  141 +-
 include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp              |   63 +-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp                     | 1146 ++---
 include/xtensor/xmime.hpp                     |   82 +-
 include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp      |   62 +-
 include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp                  |   18 +-
 include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp                     |  291 +-
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp                      |  205 +-
 include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp              |   35 +-
 include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp                |  249 +-
 include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp                 |  117 +-
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp        |  160 +-
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp   |   79 +-
 .../xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp    |  111 +-
 include/xtensor/xpad.hpp                      |   79 +-
 include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp                   |  424 +-
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp                  |  550 ++-
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp                   |   86 +-
 include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp                   |   84 +-
 include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp                 |   30 +-
 include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp            |   51 +-
 include/xtensor/xshape.hpp                    |   94 +-
 include/xtensor/xslice.hpp                    |  300 +-
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp                     |  217 +-
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp                  |  201 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp             |  183 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp        |  144 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp                  |  127 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp                   |  106 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp            |   90 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp           |   83 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp              |   38 +-
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp                    |  219 +-
 include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp                |   20 +-
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp                     |  640 +--
 include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp               |   75 +-
 test/main.cpp                                 |    2 +-
 test/test_common.hpp                          |  169 +-
 test/test_common_macros.hpp                   |   51 +-
 test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp         | 1255 +++---
 test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp             |  221 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp           |  144 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp         | 3976 ++++++++++++-----
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp                  |  888 ++--
 test/test_sfinae.cpp                          |   20 +-
 test/test_utils.hpp                           |    8 +-
 test/test_xaccumulator.cpp                    |  170 +-
 test/test_xadapt.cpp                          |   69 +-
 test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp               |   23 +-
 test/test_xarray.cpp                          |   89 +-
 test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp                  |   15 +-
 test/test_xassign.cpp                         |  105 +-
 test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp                  |   34 +-
 test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp            |   28 +-
 test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp              |  443 +-
 test/test_xbroadcast.cpp                      |   47 +-
 test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp                 |   55 +-
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp                        |   89 +-
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp                  |   45 +-
 test/test_xchunked_view.cpp                   |   19 +-
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp                        |  165 +-
 test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp             |   59 +-
 test/test_xcsv.cpp                            |   50 +-
 test/test_xdatesupport.cpp                    |   52 +-
 test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp                   |  115 +-
 test/test_xeval.cpp                           |  102 +-
 test/test_xexception.cpp                      |   16 +-
 test/test_xexpression.cpp                     |   35 +-
 test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp              |   38 +-
 test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp              |   29 +-
 test/test_xfixed.cpp                          |   58 +-
 test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp            |  203 +-
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                       |   51 +-
 test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp                |   36 +-
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp                      |   25 +-
 test/test_xindex_view.cpp                     |   43 +-
 test/test_xinfo.cpp                           |   22 +-
 test/test_xio.cpp                             |   84 +-
 test/test_xiterator.cpp                       |  186 +-
 test/test_xjson.cpp                           |   44 +-
 test/test_xlayout.cpp                         |   21 +-
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp                   |  161 +-
 test/test_xmasked_view.cpp                    |   66 +-
 test/test_xmath.cpp                           |  117 +-
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp               |  127 +-
 test/test_xmime.cpp                           |   26 +-
 test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp            |   48 +-
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp                  |   99 +-
 test/test_xnoalias.cpp                        |   31 +-
 test/test_xnorm.cpp                           |   26 +-
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                            |  118 +-
 test/test_xoperation.cpp                      |  165 +-
 test/test_xoptional.cpp                       |  207 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp              |   65 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp      |   37 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp      |   20 +-
 test/test_xpad.cpp                            |  265 +-
 test/test_xrandom.cpp                         |   27 +-
 test/test_xreducer.cpp                        |  303 +-
 test/test_xrepeat.cpp                         |   19 +-
 test/test_xscalar.cpp                         |   21 +-
 test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp                |   21 +-
 test/test_xsemantic.hpp                       |   16 +-
 test/test_xset_operation.cpp                  |   40 +-
 test/test_xshape.cpp                          |   34 +-
 test/test_xsimd.cpp                           |   29 +-
 test/test_xsimd8.cpp                          |   25 +-
 test/test_xsort.cpp                           |   89 +-
 test/test_xstorage.cpp                        |   71 +-
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp                   |  369 +-
 test/test_xstrides.cpp                        |   61 +-
 test/test_xtensor.cpp                         |  126 +-
 test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp                 |   17 +-
 test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp                |   33 +-
 test/test_xutils.cpp                          |   62 +-
 test/test_xvectorize.cpp                      |   30 +-
 test/test_xview.cpp                           |  367 +-
 test/test_xview_semantic.cpp                  |   50 +-
 170 files changed, 15011 insertions(+), 11407 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
index 1a5389490..c1f6f19c5 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
 // #include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class V>
     void shape_array_adapter(benchmark::State& state)
     {
-        const V a({1,2,3,4});
-        const V b({1,2,3,4});
+        const V a({1, 2, 3, 4});
+        const V b({1, 2, 3, 4});
         using value_type = typename V::value_type;
 
         for (auto _ : state)
@@ -81,8 +81,15 @@ namespace xt
             auto ab = xt::adapt(b);
             auto ar = xt::adapt(res);
             auto fun = aa + ab;
-            std::transform(fun.linear_cbegin(), fun.linear_cend(), ar.linear_begin(),
-                           [](typename decltype(fun)::value_type x) { return static_cast<typename decltype(ar)::value_type>(x); });
+            std::transform(
+                fun.linear_cbegin(),
+                fun.linear_cend(),
+                ar.linear_begin(),
+                [](typename decltype(fun)::value_type x)
+                {
+                    return static_cast<typename decltype(ar)::value_type>(x);
+                }
+            );
             benchmark::DoNotOptimize(ar.data());
         }
     }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
index a7755dffe..9f44a7458 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef BENCHMARK_ASSIGN_HPP
 #define BENCHMARK_ASSIGN_HPP
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -39,24 +39,22 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class V>
-        inline void init_xtensor_benchmark(V& lhs, V& rhs, V& res,
-                                           std::size_t size0, size_t size1)
+        inline void init_xtensor_benchmark(V& lhs, V& rhs, V& res, std::size_t size0, size_t size1)
         {
-            lhs.resize({ size0, size1 });
-            rhs.resize({ size0, size1 });
-            res.resize({ size0, size1 });
+            lhs.resize({size0, size1});
+            rhs.resize({size0, size1});
+            res.resize({size0, size1});
             init_benchmark_data(lhs, rhs, size0, size1);
         }
 
         template <class V>
-        inline void init_dl_xtensor_benchmark(V& lhs, V& rhs, V& res,
-                                              std::size_t size0, size_t size1)
+        inline void init_dl_xtensor_benchmark(V& lhs, V& rhs, V& res, std::size_t size0, size_t size1)
         {
             using strides_type = typename V::strides_type;
-            strides_type str = { size1, 1 };
-            lhs.resize({ size0, size1 }, str);
-            rhs.resize({ size0, size1 }, str);
-            res.resize({ size0, size1 }, str);
+            strides_type str = {size1, 1};
+            lhs.resize({size0, size1}, str);
+            rhs.resize({size0, size1}, str);
+            res.resize({size0, size1}, str);
             init_benchmark_data(lhs, rhs, size0, size1);
         }
 
@@ -210,20 +208,19 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
-
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_assign, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_xiter_copy, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_xstorageiter_copy, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_assign_ii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign_ii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign_iii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_assign_iii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xarray<double>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xarray<double, layout_type::dynamic>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xtensor<double, 2, layout_type::dynamic>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_scalar_computed, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_scalar_computed, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32<<3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_assign, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_xiter_copy, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_xstorageiter_copy, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_assign_ii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign_ii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign_iii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_assign_iii, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xarray<double>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xarray<double, layout_type::dynamic>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_assign, xt::xtensor<double, 2, layout_type::dynamic>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_c_scalar_computed, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+        BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(assign_x_scalar_computed, xt::xtensor<double, 2>)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
index c62f5967a..d40e14a77 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         for (auto _ : state)
         {
-            xt::uvector<double> a {};
+            xt::uvector<double> a{};
             a.resize(10000);
             std::iota(a.begin(), a.end(), 0);
             benchmark::DoNotOptimize(a.data());
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ namespace xt
             auto xend = expr.cend();
             auto reit = res.begin();
             auto it = expr.cbegin();
-            for(ptrdiff_t n = 10000; n > 0; --n)
+            for (ptrdiff_t n = 10000; n > 0; --n)
             {
                 *reit = *it;
                 ++it;
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-
     inline auto builder_ones_assign_iterator(benchmark::State& state)
     {
         auto xo = xt::ones<double>({200, 200});
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp
index eafdfe5cf..2b85e279a 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         inline void init_benchmark(E& x, E& y, E& res, typename E::size_type size)
         {
-            x.resize({ size });
-            y.resize({ size });
-            res.resize({ size });
+            x.resize({size});
+            y.resize({size});
+            res.resize({size});
 
             using value_type = typename E::value_type;
             using size_type = typename E::size_type;
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
index c17c5cce1..0e4b0a18e 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp
index 699aac211..cc0256fd9 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ namespace xt
                 benchmark::DoNotOptimize(c);
             }
         }
+
         BENCHMARK(stepper_stepper)->Range(RANGE);
 
         void stepper_stepper_ref(benchmark::State& state)
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ namespace xt
                 benchmark::DoNotOptimize(c);
             }
         }
+
         BENCHMARK(stepper_stepper_ref)->Range(RANGE);
     }
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
index c390a5bc0..3d9ff8cf3 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    BENCHMARK(lambda_cube)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-    BENCHMARK(xexpression_cube)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-    BENCHMARK(lambda_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-    BENCHMARK(xsimd_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32<<3);
-    BENCHMARK(xexpression_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32<<3);
+    BENCHMARK(lambda_cube)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+    BENCHMARK(xexpression_cube)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+    BENCHMARK(lambda_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+    BENCHMARK(xsimd_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
+    BENCHMARK(xexpression_higher_pow)->Range(32, 32 << 3);
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
index ad081589c..20fd0c726 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstddef>
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         inline void init_xtensor_benchmark(V& lhs, V& rhs, V& res, std::size_t size0, size_t size1)
         {
-            lhs.resize({ size0, size1 });
-            rhs.resize({ size0, size1 });
-            res.resize({ size0, size1 });
+            lhs.resize({size0, size1});
+            rhs.resize({size0, size1});
+            res.resize({size0, size1});
             init_benchmark_data(lhs, rhs, size0, size1);
         }
 
@@ -152,31 +152,56 @@ namespace xt
          * Benchmark functors *
          **********************/
 
-#define DEFINE_OP_FUNCTOR_2OP(OP, NAME)\
-    struct NAME##_fn {\
-        template <class T>\
-        inline auto operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const { return lhs OP rhs; }\
-        inline static std::string name() { return #NAME; }\
+#define DEFINE_OP_FUNCTOR_2OP(OP, NAME)                          \
+    struct NAME##_fn                                             \
+    {                                                            \
+        template <class T>                                       \
+        inline auto operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const \
+        {                                                        \
+            return lhs OP rhs;                                   \
+        }                                                        \
+        inline static std::string name()                         \
+        {                                                        \
+            return #NAME;                                        \
+        }                                                        \
     }
 
-#define DEFINE_FUNCTOR_1OP(FN)\
-    struct FN##_fn {\
-        template <class T>\
-        inline auto operator()(const T& x) const { using std::FN; using xt::FN; return FN(x); }\
-        inline static std::string name() { return #FN; }\
+#define DEFINE_FUNCTOR_1OP(FN)                   \
+    struct FN##_fn                               \
+    {                                            \
+        template <class T>                       \
+        inline auto operator()(const T& x) const \
+        {                                        \
+            using std::FN;                       \
+            using xt::FN;                        \
+            return FN(x);                        \
+        }                                        \
+        inline static std::string name()         \
+        {                                        \
+            return #FN;                          \
+        }                                        \
     }
 
-#define DEFINE_FUNCTOR_2OP(FN)\
-    struct FN##_fn{\
-        template <class T>\
-        inline auto operator()(const T&lhs, const T& rhs) const { using std::FN; using xt::FN; return FN(lhs, rhs); }\
-        inline static std::string name() { return #FN; }\
+#define DEFINE_FUNCTOR_2OP(FN)                                   \
+    struct FN##_fn                                               \
+    {                                                            \
+        template <class T>                                       \
+        inline auto operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const \
+        {                                                        \
+            using std::FN;                                       \
+            using xt::FN;                                        \
+            return FN(lhs, rhs);                                 \
+        }                                                        \
+        inline static std::string name()                         \
+        {                                                        \
+            return #FN;                                          \
+        }                                                        \
     }
 
         DEFINE_OP_FUNCTOR_2OP(+, add);
         DEFINE_OP_FUNCTOR_2OP(-, sub);
         DEFINE_OP_FUNCTOR_2OP(*, mul);
-        DEFINE_OP_FUNCTOR_2OP(/ , div);
+        DEFINE_OP_FUNCTOR_2OP(/, div);
 
         DEFINE_FUNCTOR_1OP(exp);
         DEFINE_FUNCTOR_1OP(exp2);
@@ -334,7 +359,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         a.resize({sz, sz});
         b.resize({sz, sz});
-        xtensor<bool, 2> res; res.resize({sz, sz});
+        xtensor<bool, 2> res;
+        res.resize({sz, sz});
 
         for (auto _ : state)
         {
@@ -351,7 +377,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         a.resize({sz, sz});
         b.resize({sz, sz});
-        xtensor<bool, 2> res; res.resize({sz, sz});
+        xtensor<bool, 2> res;
+        res.resize({sz, sz});
 
         for (auto _ : state)
         {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
index 8f134a1ec..82e87104a 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef BENCHMARK_RANDOM_HPP
 #define BENCHMARK_RANDOM_HPP
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp
index 8c0159a28..fe36a850f 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
@@ -35,28 +35,28 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
-        xarray<double> u = ones<double>({ 10, 100000 });
-        xarray<double> v = ones<double>({ 100000, 10 });
-        xarray<double> res2 = ones<double>({ 1 });
+        xarray<double> u = ones<double>({10, 100000});
+        xarray<double> v = ones<double>({100000, 10});
+        xarray<double> res2 = ones<double>({1});
 
-        std::vector<std::size_t> axis0 = { 0 };
-        std::vector<std::size_t> axis1 = { 1 };
-        std::vector<std::size_t> axis_both = { 0, 1 };
+        std::vector<std::size_t> axis0 = {0};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> axis1 = {1};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> axis_both = {0, 1};
 
-        static auto res0 = xarray<double>::from_shape({ 100000 });
-        static auto res1 = xarray<double>::from_shape({ 10 });
+        static auto res0 = xarray<double>::from_shape({100000});
+        static auto res1 = xarray<double>::from_shape({10});
 
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 10x100000/axis 0, u, res0, axis0);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 10x100000/axis 1, u, res1, axis1);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 100000x10/axis 1, v, res1, axis0);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 100000x10/axis 0, v, res0, axis1);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 100000x10/axis both, v, res2, axis_both);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 10x100000 / axis 0, u, res0, axis0);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 10x100000 / axis 1, u, res1, axis1);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 100000x10 / axis 1, v, res1, axis0);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 100000x10 / axis 0, v, res0, axis1);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_reducer, 100000x10 / axis both, v, res2, axis_both);
 
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 10x100000/axis 0, u, res0, axis0);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 10x100000/axis 1, u, res1, axis1);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 100000x10/axis 1, v, res1, axis0);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 100000x10/axis 0, v, res0, axis1);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 100000x10/axis both, v, res2, axis_both);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 10x100000 / axis 0, u, res0, axis0);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 10x100000 / axis 1, u, res1, axis1);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 100000x10 / axis 1, v, res1, axis0);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 100000x10 / axis 0, v, res0, axis1);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_immediate_reducer, 100000x10 / axis both, v, res2, axis_both);
 
         template <class E, class X>
         inline auto reducer_manual_strided_reducer(benchmark::State& state, const E& x, E& res, const X& axes)
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 10x100000/axis 0, u, res0, axis0);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 10x100000/axis 1, u, res1, axis1);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 100000x10/axis 1, v, res1, axis0);
-        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 100000x10/axis 0, v, res0, axis1);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 10x100000 / axis 0, u, res0, axis0);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 10x100000 / axis 1, u, res1, axis1);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 100000x10 / axis 1, v, res1, axis0);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(reducer_manual_strided_reducer, 100000x10 / axis 0, v, res0, axis1);
     }
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
index d6e953323..a4c57ebeb 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 
 // #include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
@@ -23,10 +23,12 @@ namespace xt
     class simple_array
     {
     public:
+
         using self_type = simple_array<T, N>;
         using shape_type = std::array<ptrdiff_t, N>;
 
         simple_array() = default;
+
         explicit simple_array(const std::array<ptrdiff_t, N>& shape)
             : m_shape(shape)
         {
@@ -66,11 +68,13 @@ namespace xt
             }
             return memory[offset];
         }
+
         xt::uvector<T> memory;
         std::array<ptrdiff_t, N> m_shape, m_strides;
     };
 
-    void xview_access_calc(benchmark::State &state) {
+    void xview_access_calc(benchmark::State& state)
+    {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> A = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 100, 4, 4});
         xt::xtensor<double, 3> elemvec = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 4, 4});
         xt::xtensor<double, 2> eps = xt::empty<double>({2, 2});
@@ -87,15 +91,14 @@ namespace xt
                     // - evaluate symmetrized dyadic product (loops unrolled for efficiency)
                     //       grad(i,j) += dNx(m,i) * u(m,j)
                     //       eps (j,i)      = 0.5 * ( grad(i,j) + grad(j,i) )
-                    eps(0, 0) = dNx(0, 0) * u(0, 0) + dNx(1, 0) * u(1, 0) +
-                                dNx(2, 0) * u(2, 0) + dNx(3, 0) * u(3, 0);
-                    eps(1, 1) = dNx(0, 1) * u(0, 1) + dNx(1, 1) * u(1, 1) +
-                                dNx(2, 1) * u(2, 1) + dNx(3, 1) * u(3, 1);
-                    eps(0, 1) =
-                              (dNx(0, 1) * u(0, 0) + dNx(1, 1) * u(1, 0) + dNx(2, 1) * u(2, 0) +
-                               dNx(3, 1) * u(3, 0) + dNx(0, 0) * u(0, 1) + dNx(1, 0) * u(1, 1) +
-                               dNx(2, 0) * u(2, 1) + dNx(3, 0) * u(3, 1)) /
-                              2.;
+                    eps(0, 0) = dNx(0, 0) * u(0, 0) + dNx(1, 0) * u(1, 0) + dNx(2, 0) * u(2, 0)
+                                + dNx(3, 0) * u(3, 0);
+                    eps(1, 1) = dNx(0, 1) * u(0, 1) + dNx(1, 1) * u(1, 1) + dNx(2, 1) * u(2, 1)
+                                + dNx(3, 1) * u(3, 1);
+                    eps(0, 1) = (dNx(0, 1) * u(0, 0) + dNx(1, 1) * u(1, 0) + dNx(2, 1) * u(2, 0)
+                                 + dNx(3, 1) * u(3, 0) + dNx(0, 0) * u(0, 1) + dNx(1, 0) * u(1, 1)
+                                 + dNx(2, 0) * u(2, 1) + dNx(3, 0) * u(3, 1))
+                                / 2.;
                     eps(1, 0) = eps(0, 1);
                     benchmark::DoNotOptimize(eps.storage());
                 }
@@ -103,7 +106,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    void raw_access_calc(benchmark::State &state) {
+    void raw_access_calc(benchmark::State& state)
+    {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> A = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 100, 4, 4});
         xt::xtensor<double, 3> elemvec = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 4, 4});
         xt::xtensor<double, 2> eps = xt::empty<double>({2, 2});
@@ -117,15 +121,15 @@ namespace xt
                     // - evaluate symmetrized dyadic product (loops unrolled for efficiency)
                     //       grad(i,j) += dNx(m,i) * u(m,j)
                     //       eps (j,i)      = 0.5 * ( grad(i,j) + grad(j,i) )
-                    eps(0, 0) = A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) + A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 0) +
-                                A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) + A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 0);
-                    eps(1, 1) = A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) + A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 1) +
-                                A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) + A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 1);
-                    eps(0, 1) = (A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) + A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 0) +
-                                 A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) + A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 0) +
-                                 A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) + A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 1) +
-                                 A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) + A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 1)) /
-                                 2.;
+                    eps(0, 0) = A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) + A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 0)
+                                + A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) + A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 0);
+                    eps(1, 1) = A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) + A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 1)
+                                + A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) + A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 1);
+                    eps(0, 1) = (A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) + A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 0)
+                                 + A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) + A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 0)
+                                 + A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) + A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 1)
+                                 + A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) + A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 1))
+                                / 2.;
                     eps(1, 0) = eps(0, 1);
                     benchmark::DoNotOptimize(eps.storage());
                 }
@@ -133,7 +137,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    void unchecked_access_calc(benchmark::State &state) {
+    void unchecked_access_calc(benchmark::State& state)
+    {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> A = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 100, 4, 4});
         xt::xtensor<double, 3> elemvec = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 4, 4});
         xt::xtensor<double, 2> eps = xt::empty<double>({2, 2});
@@ -147,26 +152,23 @@ namespace xt
                     // - evaluate symmetrized dyadic product (loops unrolled for efficiency)
                     //       grad(i,j) += dNx(m,i) * u(m,j)
                     //       eps (j,i)      = 0.5 * ( grad(i,j) + grad(j,i) )
-                    eps.unchecked(0, 0) =
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 0) +
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 0) +
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 0) +
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 0);
-                    eps.unchecked(1, 1) =
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 1) +
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 1) +
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 1) +
-                        A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 1);
-                    eps.unchecked(0, 1) =
-                        (A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 0) +
-                         A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 0) +
-                         A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 0) +
-                         A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 0) +
-                         A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 1) +
-                         A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 1) +
-                         A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 1) +
-                         A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 1)) /
-                        2.;
+                    eps.unchecked(0, 0) = A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 0)
+                                          + A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 0)
+                                          + A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 0)
+                                          + A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 0);
+                    eps.unchecked(1, 1) = A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 1)
+                                          + A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 1)
+                                          + A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 1)
+                                          + A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 1);
+                    eps.unchecked(0, 1) = (A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 0)
+                                           + A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 0)
+                                           + A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 0)
+                                           + A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 0)
+                                           + A.unchecked(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 0, 1)
+                                           + A.unchecked(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 1, 1)
+                                           + A.unchecked(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 2, 1)
+                                           + A.unchecked(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec.unchecked(e, 3, 1))
+                                          / 2.;
                     eps.unchecked(1, 0) = eps.unchecked(0, 1);
                     benchmark::DoNotOptimize(eps.storage());
                 }
@@ -174,7 +176,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    void simplearray_access_calc(benchmark::State &state) {
+    void simplearray_access_calc(benchmark::State& state)
+    {
         simple_array<double, 4> A(std::array<ptrdiff_t, 4>{100, 100, 4, 2});
         simple_array<double, 3> elemvec(std::array<ptrdiff_t, 3>{100, 4, 2});
         simple_array<double, 2> eps(std::array<ptrdiff_t, 2>{2, 2});
@@ -188,23 +191,15 @@ namespace xt
                     // - evaluate sy mmetrized dyadic product (loops unrolled for efficiency)
                     //             grad(i,j) += dNx(m,i) * u(m,j)
                     //             eps (j,i)            = 0.5 * ( grad(i,j) + grad(j,i) )
-                    eps(0, 0) = A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) +
-                                                        A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 0) +
-                                                        A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) +
-                                                        A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 0);
-                    eps(1, 1) = A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) +
-                                                        A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 1) +
-                                                        A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) +
-                                                        A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 1);
-                    eps(0, 1) = (A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) +
-                                                         A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 0) +
-                                                         A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) +
-                                                         A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 0) +
-                                                         A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) +
-                                                         A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 1) +
-                                                         A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) +
-                                                         A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 1)) /
-                                                        2.;
+                    eps(0, 0) = A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) + A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 0)
+                                + A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) + A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 0);
+                    eps(1, 1) = A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) + A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 1)
+                                + A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) + A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 1);
+                    eps(0, 1) = (A(e, k, 0, 1) * elemvec(e, 0, 0) + A(e, k, 1, 1) * elemvec(e, 1, 0)
+                                 + A(e, k, 2, 1) * elemvec(e, 2, 0) + A(e, k, 3, 1) * elemvec(e, 3, 0)
+                                 + A(e, k, 0, 0) * elemvec(e, 0, 1) + A(e, k, 1, 0) * elemvec(e, 1, 1)
+                                 + A(e, k, 2, 0) * elemvec(e, 2, 1) + A(e, k, 3, 0) * elemvec(e, 3, 1))
+                                / 2.;
                     eps(1, 0) = eps(0, 1);
                     benchmark::DoNotOptimize(eps.memory);
                 }
@@ -212,9 +207,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    #define M_NELEM 3600
-    #define M_NNE 4
-    #define M_NDIM 2
+#define M_NELEM 3600
+#define M_NNE 4
+#define M_NDIM 2
 
     template <class X, layout_type L>
     class jumping_random
@@ -224,8 +219,8 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = typename X::shape_type;
 
         jumping_random()
-            : m_dofs(shape_type{3721, 2}),
-              m_conn(shape_type{3600, 4})
+            : m_dofs(shape_type{3721, 2})
+            , m_conn(shape_type{3600, 4})
         {
             m_dofs = xt::clip(xt::reshape_view(xt::arange(2 * 3721), {3721, 2}), 0, 7199);
 
@@ -241,28 +236,29 @@ namespace xt
         auto calc_dofval(xt::xtensor<double, 3, L>& elemvec, xt::xtensor<double, 1, L>& dofval)
         {
             dofval.fill(0.0);
-            for (size_t e = 0 ; e < M_NELEM ; ++e)
-                for (size_t m = 0 ; m < M_NNE ; ++m)
-                    for (size_t i = 0 ; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
+            for (size_t e = 0; e < M_NELEM; ++e)
+                for (size_t m = 0; m < M_NNE; ++m)
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
                         dofval(m_dofs(m_conn(e, m), i)) += elemvec(e, m, i);
         }
 
         auto calc_dofval_simple(simple_array<double, 3>& elemvec, simple_array<double, 1>& dofval)
         {
             dofval.fill(0.0);
-            for (size_t e = 0 ; e < M_NELEM ; ++e)
-                for (size_t m = 0 ; m < M_NNE ; ++m)
-                    for (size_t i = 0 ; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
+            for (size_t e = 0; e < M_NELEM; ++e)
+                for (size_t m = 0; m < M_NNE; ++m)
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
                         dofval(m_dofs(m_conn(e, m), i)) += elemvec(e, m, i);
         }
 
         auto calc_unchecked_dofval(xt::xtensor<double, 3, L>& elemvec, xt::xtensor<double, 1, L>& dofval)
         {
             dofval.fill(0.0);
-            for (size_t e = 0 ; e < M_NELEM ; ++e)
-                for (size_t m = 0 ; m < M_NNE ; ++m)
-                    for (size_t i = 0 ; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
-                        dofval.unchecked(m_dofs.unchecked(m_conn.unchecked(e, m), i)) += elemvec.unchecked(e, m, i);
+            for (size_t e = 0; e < M_NELEM; ++e)
+                for (size_t m = 0; m < M_NNE; ++m)
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
+                        dofval.unchecked(m_dofs.unchecked(m_conn.unchecked(e, m), i)
+                        ) += elemvec.unchecked(e, m, i);
         }
 
         X m_dofs, m_conn;
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp
index 06f25a80a..e5059f7b3 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp
@@ -1,44 +1,44 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef BENCHMARK_VIEW_ADAPT_HPP
 #define BENCHMARK_VIEW_ADAPT_HPP
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
+#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     namespace benchmark_view_adapt
     {
-        using T2 = xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<2,2>>;
+        using T2 = xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<2, 2>>;
 
-        T2 foo(const T2 &A)
+        T2 foo(const T2& A)
         {
             return 2. * A;
         }
 
         void random_view(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<double,4> A = xt::random::randn<double>({2000,8,2,2});
-            xt::xtensor<double,4> B = xt::empty<double>(A.shape());
+            xt::xtensor<double, 4> A = xt::random::randn<double>({2000, 8, 2, 2});
+            xt::xtensor<double, 4> B = xt::empty<double>(A.shape());
 
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
-                for ( size_t i = 0 ; i < A.shape()[0] ; ++i )
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < A.shape()[0]; ++i)
                 {
-                    for ( size_t j = 0 ; j < A.shape()[1] ; ++j )
+                    for (size_t j = 0; j < A.shape()[1]; ++j)
                     {
                         auto a = xt::view(A, i, j);
                         auto b = xt::view(B, i, j);
@@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ namespace xt
 
         void random_adapt(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<double,4> A = xt::random::randn<double>({2000,8,2,2});
-            xt::xtensor<double,4> B = xt::empty<double>(A.shape());
+            xt::xtensor<double, 4> A = xt::random::randn<double>({2000, 8, 2, 2});
+            xt::xtensor<double, 4> B = xt::empty<double>(A.shape());
 
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
-                for ( size_t i = 0 ; i < A.shape()[0] ; ++i )
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < A.shape()[0]; ++i)
                 {
-                    for ( size_t j = 0 ; j < A.shape()[1] ; ++j )
+                    for (size_t j = 0; j < A.shape()[1]; ++j)
                     {
-                        auto a = xt::adapt(&A(i,j,0,0), xt::xshape<2,2>());
-                        auto b = xt::adapt(&B(i,j,0,0), xt::xshape<2,2>());
+                        auto a = xt::adapt(&A(i, j, 0, 0), xt::xshape<2, 2>());
+                        auto b = xt::adapt(&B(i, j, 0, 0), xt::xshape<2, 2>());
 
                         xt::noalias(b) = foo(a);
                     }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
index 39b7e1b9a..2bfd5f5cf 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
index 1234d2a40..e0f9067d3 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_dynamic_iterator(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE/2});
+            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE / 2});
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
                 std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), res.begin());
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_iterator(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::view(data, xt::all(), SIZE/2);
+            auto v = xt::view(data, xt::all(), SIZE / 2);
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
                 std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), res.begin());
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_loop(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE/2});
+            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE / 2});
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
-                for(std::size_t k = 0; k < v.shape()[0]; ++k)
+                for (std::size_t k = 0; k < v.shape()[0]; ++k)
                 {
                     res(k) = v(k);
                 }
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_loop_view(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
             auto v = xt::view(data, xt::all(), SIZE / 2);
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
-                for(std::size_t k = 0; k < v.shape()[0]; ++k)
+                for (std::size_t k = 0; k < v.shape()[0]; ++k)
                 {
                     res(k) = v(k);
                 }
@@ -93,13 +93,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_loop_raw(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
                 std::size_t j = SIZE / 2;
-                for(std::size_t k = 0; k < SIZE; ++k)
+                for (std::size_t k = 0; k < SIZE; ++k)
                 {
                     res(k) = data(k, j);
                 }
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_assign(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE/2});
+            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE / 2});
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
                 xt::noalias(res) = v;
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_assign_view(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::view(data, xt::all(), SIZE/2);
+            auto v = xt::view(data, xt::all(), SIZE / 2);
             auto r = xt::view(res, xt::all());
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
@@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_assign_strided_view(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE/2});
+            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE / 2});
             auto r = xt::strided_view(res, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all()});
 
             for (auto _ : state)
@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_assign_view_noalias(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::view(data, xt::all(), SIZE/2);
+            auto v = xt::view(data, xt::all(), SIZE / 2);
             auto r = xt::view(res, xt::all());
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         void view_assign_strided_view_noalias(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE,SIZE});
+            xt::xtensor<V, 2> data = xt::ones<V>({SIZE, SIZE});
             xt::xtensor<V, 1> res = xt::ones<V>({SIZE});
 
-            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE/2});
+            auto v = xt::strided_view(data, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all(), SIZE / 2});
             auto r = xt::strided_view(res, xt::xstrided_slice_vector{xt::all()});
 
             for (auto _ : state)
@@ -195,7 +195,6 @@ namespace xt
         BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(view_assign_strided_view_noalias, float);
     }
 
-
     namespace stridedview
     {
 
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
index 0a1c6a1b4..9b6a8e6dd 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 
 #ifndef BENCHMARK_SHAPE_HPP
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
 
-
 namespace xt
 {
     namespace benchmark_xshape
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         void xshape_access(benchmark::State& state)
         {
-            T a({3,2,1,3});
+            T a({3, 2, 1, 3});
             for (auto _ : state)
             {
                 a[0] = a[1] * a[2] + a[3];
diff --git a/benchmark/main.cpp b/benchmark/main.cpp
index 1b184e127..257676918 100644
--- a/benchmark/main.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/main.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
 #ifdef __GNUC__
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     print_stats();
     benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
-    if (benchmark::ReportUnrecognizedArguments(argc, argv)) return 1;
+    if (benchmark::ReportUnrecognizedArguments(argc, argv))
+        return 1;
     benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
 }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
index 67112cb61..9f74eb0b6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ACCESSIBLE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ACCESSIBLE_HPP
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         using base_type::at;
         using base_type::operator[];
-        using base_type::periodic;
-        using base_type::front;
         using base_type::back;
+        using base_type::front;
+        using base_type::periodic;
 
     protected:
 
@@ -285,8 +285,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xaccessible<D>::operator[](const S& index)
-        -> disable_integral_t<S, reference>
+    inline auto xaccessible<D>::operator[](const S& index) -> disable_integral_t<S, reference>
     {
         return derived_cast().element(index.cbegin(), index.cend());
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
index 716252b6b..8def072e8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ACCUMULATOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ACCUMULATOR_HPP
@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class V = void>
-        struct accumulator_identity: xtl::identity
+        struct accumulator_identity : xtl::identity
         {
             using value_type = V;
         };
     }
+
     /**************
      * accumulate *
      **************/
 
     template <class ACCUMULATE_FUNC, class INIT_FUNC = detail::accumulator_identity<void>>
-    struct xaccumulator_functor
-        : public std::tuple<ACCUMULATE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC>
+    struct xaccumulator_functor : public std::tuple<ACCUMULATE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC>
     {
         using self_type = xaccumulator_functor<ACCUMULATE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC>;
         using base_type = std::tuple<ACCUMULATE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC>;
@@ -84,13 +84,19 @@ namespace xt
         template <class F, class E, class EVS>
         xarray<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type> accumulator_impl(F&&, E&&, std::size_t, EVS)
         {
-            static_assert(!std::is_same<evaluation_strategy::lazy_type, EVS>::value, "Lazy accumulators not yet implemented.");
+            static_assert(
+                !std::is_same<evaluation_strategy::lazy_type, EVS>::value,
+                "Lazy accumulators not yet implemented."
+            );
         }
 
         template <class F, class E, class EVS>
         xarray<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type> accumulator_impl(F&&, E&&, EVS)
         {
-            static_assert(!std::is_same<evaluation_strategy::lazy_type, EVS>::value, "Lazy accumulators not yet implemented.");
+            static_assert(
+                !std::is_same<evaluation_strategy::lazy_type, EVS>::value,
+                "Lazy accumulators not yet implemented."
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class R>
@@ -160,17 +166,29 @@ namespace xt
             std::size_t outer_loop_size, inner_loop_size, pos = 0;
             std::size_t outer_stride, inner_stride;
 
-            auto set_loop_sizes = [&outer_loop_size, &inner_loop_size](auto first, auto last, std::ptrdiff_t ax) {
-                outer_loop_size = std::accumulate(first, first + ax,
-                                                  std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<std::size_t>());
-                inner_loop_size = std::accumulate(first + ax + 1, last,
-                                                  std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<std::size_t>());
+            auto set_loop_sizes = [&outer_loop_size, &inner_loop_size](auto first, auto last, std::ptrdiff_t ax)
+            {
+                outer_loop_size = std::accumulate(
+                    first,
+                    first + ax,
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<std::size_t>()
+                );
+                inner_loop_size = std::accumulate(
+                    first + ax + 1,
+                    last,
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<std::size_t>()
+                );
             };
 
             // Note: add check that strides > 0
-            auto set_loop_strides = [&outer_stride, &inner_stride](auto first, auto last, std::ptrdiff_t ax) {
+            auto set_loop_strides = [&outer_stride, &inner_stride](auto first, auto last, std::ptrdiff_t ax)
+            {
                 outer_stride = static_cast<std::size_t>(ax == 0 ? 1 : *std::min_element(first, first + ax));
-                inner_stride = static_cast<std::size_t>((ax == std::distance(first, last) - 1) ? 1 : *std::min_element(first + ax + 1, last));
+                inner_stride = static_cast<std::size_t>(
+                    (ax == std::distance(first, last) - 1) ? 1 : *std::min_element(first + ax + 1, last)
+                );
             };
 
             set_loop_sizes(e.shape().begin(), e.shape().end(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis));
@@ -200,10 +218,11 @@ namespace xt
             using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
             using accumulate_functor_type = typename F::accumulate_functor_type;
             using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
-            //using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+            // using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename
+            // std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
 
-            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>()(std::declval<init_type>(),
-                                                                                              std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>(
+            )(std::declval<init_type>(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
             if (axis >= e.dimension())
@@ -213,31 +232,43 @@ namespace xt
 
             result_type result = e;  // assign + make a copy, we need it anyways
 
-            if(result.shape(axis) != std::size_t(0))
+            if (result.shape(axis) != std::size_t(0))
             {
                 std::size_t inner_stride = static_cast<std::size_t>(result.strides()[axis]);
-                std::size_t outer_stride = 1;  // this is either going row- or column-wise (strides.back / strides.front)
+                std::size_t outer_stride = 1;  // this is either going row- or column-wise (strides.back /
+                                               // strides.front)
                 std::size_t outer_loop_size = 0;
                 std::size_t inner_loop_size = 0;
                 std::size_t init_size = e.shape()[axis] != std::size_t(1) ? std::size_t(1) : std::size_t(0);
 
-                auto set_loop_sizes = [&outer_loop_size, &inner_loop_size, init_size](auto first, auto last, std::ptrdiff_t ax) {
-                    outer_loop_size = std::accumulate(first,
-                                                      first + ax,
-                                                      init_size, std::multiplies<std::size_t>());
-
-                    inner_loop_size = std::accumulate(first + ax,
-                                                      last,
-                                                      std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<std::size_t>());
+                auto set_loop_sizes =
+                    [&outer_loop_size, &inner_loop_size, init_size](auto first, auto last, std::ptrdiff_t ax)
+                {
+                    outer_loop_size = std::accumulate(first, first + ax, init_size, std::multiplies<std::size_t>());
+
+                    inner_loop_size = std::accumulate(
+                        first + ax,
+                        last,
+                        std::size_t(1),
+                        std::multiplies<std::size_t>()
+                    );
                 };
 
                 if (result_type::static_layout == layout_type::row_major)
                 {
-                    set_loop_sizes(result.shape().cbegin(), result.shape().cend(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis));
+                    set_loop_sizes(
+                        result.shape().cbegin(),
+                        result.shape().cend(),
+                        static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis)
+                    );
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    set_loop_sizes(result.shape().cbegin(), result.shape().cend(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis + 1));
+                    set_loop_sizes(
+                        result.shape().cbegin(),
+                        result.shape().cend(),
+                        static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis + 1)
+                    );
                     std::swap(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size);
                 }
 
@@ -246,8 +277,9 @@ namespace xt
                 inner_loop_size = inner_loop_size - inner_stride;
 
                 // activate the init loop if we have an init function other than identity
-                if (!std::is_same<std::decay_t<typename F::init_functor_type>,
-                                  typename detail::accumulator_identity<init_type>>::value)
+                if (!std::is_same<
+                        std::decay_t<typename F::init_functor_type>,
+                        typename detail::accumulator_identity<init_type>>::value)
                 {
                     accumulator_init_with_f(xt::get<1>(f), result, axis);
                 }
@@ -257,8 +289,8 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     for (std::size_t j = 0; j < inner_loop_size; ++j)
                     {
-                        result.storage()[pos + inner_stride] = xt::get<0>(f)(result.storage()[pos],
-                                                                             result.storage()[pos + inner_stride]);
+                        result.storage()[pos + inner_stride] = xt::get<0>(f
+                        )(result.storage()[pos], result.storage()[pos + inner_stride]);
                         pos += outer_stride;
                     }
                     pos += inner_stride;
@@ -273,15 +305,16 @@ namespace xt
             using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
             using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
             using accumulate_functor_type = typename F::accumulate_functor_type;
-            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>()(std::declval<init_type>(),
-                                                                                              std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
-            //using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>(
+            )(std::declval<init_type>(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+            // using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename
+            // std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
             std::size_t sz = e.size();
             auto result = result_type::from_shape({sz});
 
-            if(sz != std::size_t(0))
+            if (sz != std::size_t(0))
             {
                 auto it = e.template begin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>();
                 result.storage()[0] = xt::get<1>(f)(*it);
@@ -307,12 +340,11 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return returns xarray<T> filled with accumulated values
      */
-    template <class F, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_ACCUMULATORS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_evaluation_strategy<EVS>)>
+    template <class F, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_ACCUMULATORS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_evaluation_strategy<EVS>)>
     inline auto accumulate(F&& f, E&& e, EVS evaluation_strategy = EVS())
     {
-        // Note we need to check is_integral above in order to prohibit EVS = int, and not taking the std::size_t
-        // overload below!
+        // Note we need to check is_integral above in order to prohibit EVS = int, and not taking the
+        // std::size_t overload below!
         return detail::accumulator_impl(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<E>(e), evaluation_strategy);
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index 43ae51e77..1e22b4708 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ADAPT_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ADAPT_HPP
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
+#include "xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace xt
         using not_a_pointer = xtl::negation<std::is_pointer<T>>;
 
         template <class T>
-        using not_a_layout = xtl::negation<std::is_same<layout_type,T>>;
+        using not_a_layout = xtl::negation<std::is_same<layout_type, T>>;
     }
 
 #ifndef IN_DOXYGEN
@@ -70,9 +70,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class SC,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           detail::not_a_pointer<C>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class C,
+        class SC,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_pointer<C>)>
     inline xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, L, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(C&& container, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
@@ -87,9 +89,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class SC,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class C,
+        class SC,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
@@ -106,17 +110,21 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_adaptor
      */
-    template <class C, class SC, class SS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
+    template <
+        class C,
+        class SC,
+        class SS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
     inline xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(C&& container, SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>;
-        return return_type(std::forward<C>(container),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides));
+        return return_type(
+            std::forward<C>(container),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -130,13 +138,24 @@ namespace xt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class O, class SC, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
-    inline xarray_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, L, SC>
-    adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A())
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class P,
+        class O,
+        class SC,
+        class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
+    inline xarray_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, L, SC> adapt(
+        P&& pointer,
+        typename A::size_type size,
+        O ownership,
+        const SC& shape,
+        layout_type l = L,
+        const A& alloc = A()
+    )
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
-        (void)ownership;
+        (void) ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, L, SC>;
         buffer_type buf(std::forward<P>(pointer), size, alloc);
@@ -154,20 +173,26 @@ namespace xt
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
      */
-    template <class P, class O, class SC, class SS, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
+    template <
+        class P,
+        class O,
+        class SC,
+        class SS,
+        class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
     inline xarray_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A())
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
-        (void)ownership;
+        (void) ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         using return_type = xarray_adaptor<buffer_type, layout_type::dynamic, std::decay_t<SC>>;
         buffer_type buf(std::forward<P>(pointer), size, alloc);
-        return return_type(std::move(buf),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides));
+        return return_type(
+            std::move(buf),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -177,8 +202,12 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class T, std::size_t N, class SC,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class T,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class SC,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
     inline auto adapt(T (&c_array)[N], const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
         return adapt(&c_array[0], N, xt::no_ownership(), shape, l);
@@ -191,14 +220,15 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_adaptor
      */
-    template <class T, std::size_t N, class SC, class SS,
-             XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                          detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
+    template <
+        class T,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class SC,
+        class SS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
     inline auto adapt(T (&c_array)[N], SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
-        return adapt(&c_array[0], N, xt::no_ownership(),
-                     std::forward<SC>(shape),
-                     std::forward<SS>(strides));
+        return adapt(&c_array[0], N, xt::no_ownership(), std::forward<SC>(shape), std::forward<SS>(strides));
     }
 
     /***************************
@@ -212,8 +242,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C>
-    inline xtensor_adaptor<C, 1, L>
-    adapt(C&& container, layout_type l = L)
+    inline xtensor_adaptor<C, 1, L> adapt(C&& container, layout_type l = L)
     {
         const std::array<typename std::decay_t<C>::size_type, 1> shape{container.size()};
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, 1, L>;
@@ -227,9 +256,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class SC,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           detail::not_a_pointer<C>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class C,
+        class SC,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_pointer<C>)>
     inline xtensor_adaptor<C, detail::array_size<SC>::value, L>
     adapt(C&& container, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
@@ -245,9 +276,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class SC,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class C,
+        class SC,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
@@ -264,18 +297,22 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xtensor_adaptor
      */
-    template <class C, class SC, class SS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
+    template <
+        class C,
+        class SC,
+        class SS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
     inline xtensor_adaptor<C, detail::array_size<SC>::value, layout_type::dynamic>
     adapt(C&& container, SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<C>, N, layout_type::dynamic>;
-        return return_type(std::forward<C>(container),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides));
+        return return_type(
+            std::forward<C>(container),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -292,7 +329,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, 1, L>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A())
     {
-        (void)ownership;
+        (void) ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<buffer_type, 1, L>;
         buffer_type buf(std::forward<P>(pointer), size, alloc);
@@ -311,13 +348,25 @@ namespace xt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class O, class SC, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class P,
+        class O,
+        class SC,
+        class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, detail::array_size<SC>::value, L>
-    adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A())
+    adapt(
+        P&& pointer,
+        typename A::size_type size,
+        O ownership,
+        const SC& shape,
+        layout_type l = L,
+        const A& alloc = A()
+    )
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<SC>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
-        (void)ownership;
+        (void) ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<buffer_type, N, L>;
@@ -336,21 +385,27 @@ namespace xt
      * @param strides the strides of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
      */
-    template <class P, class O, class SC, class SS, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
+    template <
+        class P,
+        class O,
+        class SC,
+        class SS,
+        class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, detail::array_size<SC>::value, layout_type::dynamic>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A())
     {
         static_assert(!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<SC>>::value, "shape cannot be a integer");
-        (void)ownership;
+        (void) ownership;
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>;
         constexpr std::size_t N = detail::array_size<SC>::value;
         using return_type = xtensor_adaptor<buffer_type, N, layout_type::dynamic>;
         buffer_type buf(std::forward<P>(pointer), size, alloc);
-        return return_type(std::move(buf),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides));
+        return return_type(
+            std::move(buf),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_shape_type, SC>(shape),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<typename return_type::inner_strides_type, SS>(strides)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -360,8 +415,12 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class T, std::size_t N, class SC,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class T,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class SC,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
     inline auto adapt(T (&c_array)[N], const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
         return adapt(&c_array[0], N, xt::no_ownership(), shape, l);
@@ -374,23 +433,28 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_adaptor
      */
-    template <class T, std::size_t N, class SC, class SS,
-             XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                          detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
+    template <
+        class T,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class SC,
+        class SS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<SS>>)>
     inline auto adapt(T (&c_array)[N], SC&& shape, SS&& strides)
     {
-        return adapt(&c_array[0], N, xt::no_ownership(),
-                     std::forward<SC>(shape),
-                     std::forward<SS>(strides));
+        return adapt(&c_array[0], N, xt::no_ownership(), std::forward<SC>(shape), std::forward<SS>(strides));
     }
+
     /**
      * Constructs an non-owning xtensor_fixed_adaptor from a pointer with the
      * specified shape and layout.
      * @param pointer the pointer to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_fixed_adaptor
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, std::size_t... X,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class C,
+        std::size_t... X,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<C>>)>
     inline auto adapt(C&& pointer, const fixed_shape<X...>& /*shape*/)
     {
         using buffer_type = xbuffer_adaptor<C, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<C>>;
@@ -398,14 +462,14 @@ namespace xt
         return return_type(buffer_type(pointer, detail::fixed_compute_size<fixed_shape<X...>>::value));
     }
 
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class T,  std::size_t N>
-    inline auto adapt(C&& ptr, const T(&shape)[N])
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class C, class T, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto adapt(C&& ptr, const T (&shape)[N])
     {
         using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         return adapt(std::forward<C>(ptr), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
     }
 
-#else // IN_DOXYGEN
+#else  // IN_DOXYGEN
 
     /**
      * Constructs:
@@ -449,8 +513,14 @@ namespace xt
      * @param alloc the allocator used for allocating / deallocating the dynamic array
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class O, class SC, class A = detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<P>>
-    inline auto
-    adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A());
+    inline auto adapt(
+        P&& pointer,
+        typename A::size_type size,
+        O ownership,
+        const SC& shape,
+        layout_type l = L,
+        const A& alloc = A()
+    );
 
     /**
      * Constructs:
@@ -529,7 +599,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline xtensor_adaptor<xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<P>, O, A>, 1, L>
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, layout_type l = L, const A& alloc = A());
 
-#endif // IN_DOXYGEN
+#endif  // IN_DOXYGEN
 
     /*****************************
      * smart_ptr adapter builder *
@@ -556,18 +626,15 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return xarray_adaptor for memory
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class SC,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class SC, XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>)>
     auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& smart_ptr, const SC& shape, layout_type l = L)
     {
-        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<decltype(smart_ptr.get()), smart_ownership,
-                                               std::decay_t<P>>;
+        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<decltype(smart_ptr.get()), smart_ownership, std::decay_t<P>>;
         return xarray_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, L, std::decay_t<SC>>(
             buffer_adaptor(smart_ptr.get(), compute_size(shape), std::forward<P>(smart_ptr)),
             shape,
             l
         );
-
     }
 
     /**
@@ -618,13 +685,15 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return xarray_adaptor on the memory
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class SC, class D,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>,
-                           detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<D>>)>
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class P,
+        class SC,
+        class D,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_an_array<std::decay_t<SC>>, detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<D>>)>
     auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& data_ptr, const SC& shape, D&& smart_ptr, layout_type l = L)
     {
-        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<P, smart_ownership,
-                                               std::decay_t<D>>;
+        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<P, smart_ownership, std::decay_t<D>>;
 
         return xarray_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, L, std::decay_t<SC>>(
             buffer_adaptor(data_ptr, compute_size(shape), std::forward<D>(smart_ptr)),
@@ -654,11 +723,12 @@ namespace xt
      * @return xtensor_adaptor for memory
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class I, std::size_t N>
-    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& smart_ptr, const I(&shape)[N], layout_type l = L)
+    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& smart_ptr, const I (&shape)[N], layout_type l = L)
     {
-        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<decltype(smart_ptr.get()), smart_ownership,
-                                               std::decay_t<P>>;
-        std::array<std::size_t, N> fshape = xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(shape)>(shape);
+        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<decltype(smart_ptr.get()), smart_ownership, std::decay_t<P>>;
+        std::array<std::size_t, N> fshape = xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(shape)>(
+            shape
+        );
         return xtensor_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, N, L>(
             buffer_adaptor(smart_ptr.get(), compute_size(fshape), std::forward<P>(smart_ptr)),
             std::move(fshape),
@@ -712,13 +782,19 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return xtensor_adaptor on the memory
      */
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class P, class I, std::size_t N, class D,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<D>>)>
-    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& data_ptr, const I(&shape)[N], D&& smart_ptr, layout_type l = L)
+    template <
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class P,
+        class I,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class D,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::not_a_layout<std::decay_t<D>>)>
+    auto adapt_smart_ptr(P&& data_ptr, const I (&shape)[N], D&& smart_ptr, layout_type l = L)
     {
-        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<P, smart_ownership,
-                                               std::decay_t<D>>;
-        std::array<std::size_t, N> fshape = xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(shape)>(shape);
+        using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<P, smart_ownership, std::decay_t<D>>;
+        std::array<std::size_t, N> fshape = xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(shape)>(
+            shape
+        );
 
         return xtensor_adaptor<buffer_adaptor, N, L>(
             buffer_adaptor(data_ptr, compute_size(fshape), std::forward<D>(smart_ptr)),
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index ce8a4d6b5..a8590e169 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ARRAY_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ARRAY_HPP
@@ -279,7 +279,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
     inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container()
-        : base_type(), m_storage(1, value_type())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(1, value_type())
     {
     }
 
@@ -304,7 +305,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_container
      */
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
-    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container(const shape_type& shape, const_reference value, layout_type l)
+    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container(
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const_reference value,
+        layout_type l
+    )
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, l);
@@ -331,7 +336,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param value the value of the elements
      */
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
-    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides, const_reference value)
+    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container(
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const strides_type& strides,
+        const_reference value
+    )
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, strides);
@@ -359,10 +368,16 @@ namespace xt
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_container
      */
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
-    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container(storage_type&& storage, inner_shape_type&& shape, inner_strides_type&& strides)
-        : base_type(std::move(shape), std::move(strides)), m_storage(std::move(storage))
+    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container(
+        storage_type&& storage,
+        inner_shape_type&& shape,
+        inner_strides_type&& strides
+    )
+        : base_type(std::move(shape), std::move(strides))
+        , m_storage(std::move(storage))
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -433,6 +448,7 @@ namespace xt
         constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
         L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -450,17 +466,20 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
     template <std::size_t N>
     inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_container(xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>&& rhs)
-        : base_type(inner_shape_type(rhs.shape().cbegin(), rhs.shape().cend()),
-                    inner_strides_type(rhs.strides().cbegin(), rhs.strides().cend()),
-                    inner_backstrides_type(rhs.backstrides().cbegin(), rhs.backstrides().cend()),
-                    std::move(rhs.layout())),
-          m_storage(std::move(rhs.storage()))
+        : base_type(
+            inner_shape_type(rhs.shape().cbegin(), rhs.shape().cend()),
+            inner_strides_type(rhs.strides().cbegin(), rhs.strides().cend()),
+            inner_backstrides_type(rhs.backstrides().cbegin(), rhs.backstrides().cend()),
+            std::move(rhs.layout())
+        )
+        , m_storage(std::move(rhs.storage()))
     {
     }
 
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
     template <std::size_t N>
-    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>& xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::operator=(xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>&& rhs)
+    inline xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>&
+    xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>::operator=(xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>&& rhs)
     {
         this->shape_impl().assign(rhs.shape().cbegin(), rhs.shape().cend());
         this->strides_impl().assign(rhs.strides().cbegin(), rhs.strides().cend());
@@ -500,6 +519,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
@@ -528,7 +548,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
     inline xarray_adaptor<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_adaptor(storage_type&& storage)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::move(storage))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::move(storage))
     {
     }
 
@@ -538,7 +559,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
     inline xarray_adaptor<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_adaptor(const storage_type& storage)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(storage)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(storage)
     {
     }
 
@@ -552,7 +574,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
     template <class D>
     inline xarray_adaptor<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_adaptor(D&& storage, const shape_type& shape, layout_type l)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, l);
     }
@@ -566,11 +589,17 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
     template <class D>
-    inline xarray_adaptor<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_adaptor(D&& storage, const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
+    inline xarray_adaptor<EC, L, SC, Tag>::xarray_adaptor(
+        D&& storage,
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const strides_type& strides
+    )
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, strides);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
@@ -612,6 +641,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, layout_type L, class SC, class Tag>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 950138bb9..1c5535113 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ASSIGN_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ASSIGN_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
-#include <functional>
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
+#include "xfunction.hpp"
 #include "xiterator.hpp"
 #include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xutils.hpp"
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
 #include <tbb/tbb.h>
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E1, class F, class... CT>
         static bool resize(E1& e1, const xfunction<F, CT...>& e2);
-
     };
 
     /********************
@@ -196,14 +195,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            self(e2).derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto /*self*/)
-        {
-            using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
-            xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
-        });
+        xtl::mpl::static_if<has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                self(e2).derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
+            {
+                using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
+                xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -239,15 +242,19 @@ namespace xt
             // A row_major or column_major container with a dimension <= 1 is computed as
             // layout any, leading to some performance improvements, for example when
             // assigning a col-major vector to a row-major vector etc
-            return compute_layout(select_layout<E1::static_layout, typename E1::shape_type>::value,
-                                  select_layout<E2::static_layout, typename E2::shape_type>::value) != layout_type::dynamic;
+            return compute_layout(
+                       select_layout<E1::static_layout, typename E1::shape_type>::value,
+                       select_layout<E2::static_layout, typename E2::shape_type>::value
+                   )
+                   != layout_type::dynamic;
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
+        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
+            -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
         {
-            return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>()) ||
-                   (e1.layout() != layout_type::dynamic && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
+            return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>())
+                   || (e1.layout() != layout_type::dynamic && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -259,9 +266,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E1, class E2>
         inline bool linear_dynamic_layout(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
         {
-            return e1.is_contiguous()
-                && e2.is_contiguous()
-                && compute_layout(e1.layout(), e2.layout()) != layout_type::dynamic;
+            return e1.is_contiguous() && e2.is_contiguous()
+                   && compute_layout(e1.layout(), e2.layout()) != layout_type::dynamic;
         }
 
         template <class E, class = void>
@@ -270,16 +276,20 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class E>
-        struct has_step_leading<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().step_leading())>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct has_step_leading<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().step_leading())>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
         struct use_strided_loop
         {
-            static constexpr bool stepper_deref() { return std::is_reference<typename T::stepper::reference>::value; }
-            static constexpr bool value = has_strides<T>::value && has_step_leading<typename T::stepper>::value && stepper_deref();
+            static constexpr bool stepper_deref()
+            {
+                return std::is_reference<typename T::stepper::reference>::value;
+            }
+
+            static constexpr bool value = has_strides<T>::value
+                                          && has_step_leading<typename T::stepper>::value && stepper_deref();
         };
 
         template <class T>
@@ -333,43 +343,89 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         using is_bool = std::is_same<T, bool>;
 
-        static constexpr bool is_bool_conversion() { return is_bool<e2_value_type>::value && !is_bool<e1_value_type>::value; }
-        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout() { return E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout; }
-        static constexpr bool convertible_types() { return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value
-                                                        && !is_bool_conversion(); }
+        static constexpr bool is_bool_conversion()
+        {
+            return is_bool<e2_value_type>::value && !is_bool<e1_value_type>::value;
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout()
+        {
+            return E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout;
+        }
 
-        static constexpr bool use_xsimd() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<int8_t>::size > 1; }
+        static constexpr bool convertible_types()
+        {
+            return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value && !is_bool_conversion();
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool use_xsimd()
+        {
+            return xt_simd::simd_traits<int8_t>::size > 1;
+        }
 
         template <class T>
-        static constexpr bool simd_size_impl() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd()); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_size() { return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>(); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() &&
-                                                        has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_size_impl()
+        {
+            return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd());
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool simd_size()
+        {
+            return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>();
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool simd_interface()
+        {
+            return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>()
+                   && has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>();
+        }
 
     public:
 
         // constexpr methods instead of constexpr data members avoid the need of definitions at namespace
         // scope of these data members (since they are odr-used).
 
-        static constexpr bool simd_assign() { return convertible_types() && simd_size() && simd_interface(); }
-        static constexpr bool linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool trivial) { return trivial && detail::is_linear_assign(e1, e2); }
-        static constexpr bool strided_assign() { return detail::use_strided_loop<E1>::value && detail::use_strided_loop<E2>::value; }
-        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign() { return contiguous_layout() && simd_assign(); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_strided_assign() { return strided_assign() && simd_assign(); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_assign()
+        {
+            return convertible_types() && simd_size() && simd_interface();
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool trivial)
+        {
+            return trivial && detail::is_linear_assign(e1, e2);
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool strided_assign()
+        {
+            return detail::use_strided_loop<E1>::value && detail::use_strided_loop<E2>::value;
+        }
 
-        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) { return simd_assign()
-                                                                                && detail::linear_dynamic_layout(e1, e2); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign()
+        {
+            return contiguous_layout() && simd_assign();
+        }
 
-        using e2_requested_value_type = std::conditional_t<is_bool<e2_value_type>::value,
-                                                           typename E2::bool_load_type,
-                                                           e2_value_type>;
-        using requested_value_type = detail::conditional_promote_to_complex_t<e1_value_type,
-                                                                              e2_requested_value_type>;
+        static constexpr bool simd_strided_assign()
+        {
+            return strided_assign() && simd_assign();
+        }
 
+        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
+        {
+            return simd_assign() && detail::linear_dynamic_layout(e1, e2);
+        }
+
+        using e2_requested_value_type = std::
+            conditional_t<is_bool<e2_value_type>::value, typename E2::bool_load_type, e2_value_type>;
+        using requested_value_type = detail::conditional_promote_to_complex_t<e1_value_type, e2_requested_value_type>;
     };
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(
+        xexpression<E1>& e1,
+        const xexpression<E2>& e2,
+        bool trivial
+    )
     {
         E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
@@ -381,7 +437,7 @@ namespace xt
         constexpr bool simd_strided_assign = traits::simd_strided_assign();
         if (linear_assign)
         {
-            if(simd_linear_assign || traits::simd_linear_assign(de1, de2))
+            if (simd_linear_assign || traits::simd_linear_assign(de1, de2))
             {
                 // Do not use linear_assigner<true> here since it will make the compiler
                 // instantiate this branch even if the runtime condition is false, resulting
@@ -431,8 +487,15 @@ namespace xt
 
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
-        auto && de1_shape = de1.shape();
-        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), de1_shape.begin(), de1_shape.end(), comperator_type()))
+        auto&& de1_shape = de1.shape();
+        if (dim2 > de1.dimension()
+            || std::lexicographical_compare(
+                shape.begin(),
+                shape.end(),
+                de1_shape.begin(),
+                de1_shape.end(),
+                comperator_type()
+            ))
         {
             typename E1::temporary_type tmp(shape);
             base_type::assign_data(tmp, e2, trivial_broadcast);
@@ -460,7 +523,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class Tag>
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void xexpression_assigner<Tag>::assert_compatible_shape(const xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
+    inline void
+    xexpression_assigner<Tag>::assert_compatible_shape(const xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
         const E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
@@ -504,16 +568,20 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xexpression_assigner<Tag>::resize(E1& e1, const xfunction<F, CT...>& e2)
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value>(
-            [&](auto /*self*/) {
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
+            {
                 /*
                  * If the shape of the xfunction is statically known, we can compute the broadcast triviality
                  * at compile time plus we can resize right away.
                  */
                 // resize in case LHS is not a fixed size container. If it is, this is a NOP
                 e1.resize(typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type{});
-                return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value, CT...>::value;
+                return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<
+                    detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value,
+                    CT...>::value;
             },
-            /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
+            /* else */
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
             {
                 using index_type = xindex_type_t<typename E1::shape_type>;
                 using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
@@ -536,9 +604,10 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = xtl::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value &&
-            (sizeof(result_type) < sizeof(argument_type) ||
-             (xtl::is_integral<result_type>::value && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
+        static const bool value = xtl::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value
+                                  && (sizeof(result_type) < sizeof(argument_type)
+                                      || (xtl::is_integral<result_type>::value
+                                          && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
     };
 
     template <class FROM, class TO>
@@ -556,15 +625,16 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = is_narrowing_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value ||
-                                  has_sign_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value;
+        static const bool value = is_narrowing_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value
+                                  || has_sign_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value;
     };
 
     template <class E1, class E2, layout_type L>
     inline stepper_assigner<E1, E2, L>::stepper_assigner(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
-        : m_e1(e1), m_lhs(e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape())),
-          m_rhs(e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape())),
-          m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e1.shape().size(), size_type(0)))
+        : m_e1(e1)
+        , m_lhs(e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape()))
+        , m_rhs(e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape()))
+        , m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e1.shape().size(), size_type(0)))
     {
     }
 
@@ -643,10 +713,18 @@ namespace xt
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         if (size >= XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD)
         {
-            tbb::parallel_for(align_begin, align_end, simd_size, [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
-            {
-                e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
-            });
+            tbb::parallel_for(
+                align_begin,
+                align_end,
+                simd_size,
+                [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
+                {
+                    e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(
+                        i,
+                        e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i)
+                    );
+                }
+            );
         }
         else
         {
@@ -658,20 +736,20 @@ namespace xt
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         if (size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
-            #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
-    #ifndef _WIN32
+#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
+#ifndef _WIN32
             for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
             {
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
             }
-    #else
-            for(auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
-                i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
+#else
+            for (auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
+                 i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
             {
                 size_type ui = static_cast<size_type>(i);
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(ui, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(ui));
             }
-    #endif
+#endif
         }
         else
         {
@@ -695,8 +773,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<false>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-        using is_convertible = std::is_convertible<typename std::decay_t<E2>::value_type,
-                                                   typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>;
+        using is_convertible = std::
+            is_convertible<typename std::decay_t<E2>::value_type, typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>;
         // If the types are not compatible, this function is still instantiated but never called.
         // To avoid compilation problems in effectively unused code trivial_assigner_run_impl is
         // empty in this case.
@@ -713,13 +791,17 @@ namespace xt
         size_type n = e1.size();
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        tbb::parallel_for(std::ptrdiff_t(0), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n), [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
-        {
-            *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
-        });
+        tbb::parallel_for(
+            std::ptrdiff_t(0),
+            static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n),
+            [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
+            {
+                *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
+            }
+        );
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
-        for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
+#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
+        for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n); i++)
         {
             *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
         }
@@ -736,9 +818,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<false>::run_impl(E1&, const E2&, std::false_type /*is_convertible*/)
     {
-        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(false,
-            "Internal error: linear_assigner called with unrelated types.");
-
+        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(false, "Internal error: linear_assigner called with unrelated types.");
     }
 
     /****************************************
@@ -802,14 +882,13 @@ namespace xt
             using strides_type = S;
 
             check_strides_functor(const S& strides)
-                : m_cut(L == layout_type::row_major ? 0 : strides.size()),
-                  m_strides(strides)
+                : m_cut(L == layout_type::row_major ? 0 : strides.size())
+                , m_strides(strides)
             {
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type LE = L>
-            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::row_major, std::size_t>
-            operator()(const T& el)
+            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::row_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
             {
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::row_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
                 if (var > m_cut)
@@ -820,8 +899,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type LE = L>
-            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::column_major, std::size_t>
-            operator()(const T& el)
+            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::column_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
             {
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::column_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
                 if (var < m_cut)
@@ -863,17 +941,24 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
-                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
+                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides()
+                );
                 cut = csf(e2);
-            } // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
+            }  // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
 
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
-            std::size_t outer_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(
-                            std::accumulate(e1.shape().begin(), e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
-                                shape_value_type(1), std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}));
-            std::size_t inner_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(
-                            std::accumulate(e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut), e1.shape().end(),
-                                shape_value_type(1), std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}));
+            std::size_t outer_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(
+                e1.shape().begin(),
+                e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
+                shape_value_type(1),
+                std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}
+            ));
+            std::size_t inner_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(
+                e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
+                e1.shape().end(),
+                shape_value_type(1),
+                std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}
+            ));
 
             if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
@@ -920,7 +1005,11 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         std::size_t inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut;
-        std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2, is_row_major);
+        std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(
+            e1,
+            e2,
+            is_row_major
+        );
 
         if ((is_row_major && cut == e1.dimension()) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0))
         {
@@ -947,9 +1036,10 @@ namespace xt
         using e2_value_type = typename E2::value_type;
         constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<e1_value_type, e2_value_type>::value;
         using value_type = typename xassign_traits<E1, E2>::requested_value_type;
-        using simd_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<e1_value_type, bool>::value,
-                                             xt_simd::simd_bool_type<value_type>,
-                                             xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>>;
+        using simd_type = std::conditional_t<
+            std::is_same<e1_value_type, bool>::value,
+            xt_simd::simd_bool_type<value_type>,
+            xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>>;
 
         std::size_t simd_size = inner_loop_size / simd_type::size;
         std::size_t simd_rest = inner_loop_size % simd_type::size;
@@ -960,7 +1050,7 @@ namespace xt
         // TODO in 1D case this is ambigous -- could be RM or CM.
         //      Use default layout to make decision
         std::size_t step_dim = 0;
-        if (!is_row_major) // row major case
+        if (!is_row_major)  // row major case
         {
             step_dim = cut;
         }
@@ -978,9 +1068,9 @@ namespace xt
                 fct_stepper.step_leading();
             }
 
-            is_row_major ?
-                strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
-                strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+            is_row_major
+                ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
+                : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
 
             fct_stepper.to_begin();
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
index 30b70910c..fab3aa148 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_AXIS_ITERATOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_AXIS_ITERATOR_HPP
@@ -68,12 +68,10 @@ namespace xt
         value_type m_sv;
 
         template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-        get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
 
         template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-        get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
     };
 
     template <class CT>
@@ -101,7 +99,11 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class CT>
-        auto derive_xstrided_view(CT&& e, typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type axis, typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type offset)
+        auto derive_xstrided_view(
+            CT&& e,
+            typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type axis,
+            typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type offset
+        )
         {
             using xexpression_type = std::decay_t<CT>;
             using shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
@@ -117,23 +119,20 @@ namespace xt
             auto nxt_strides = std::copy(e_strides.cbegin(), e_strides.cbegin() + axis, strides.begin());
             std::copy(e_strides.cbegin() + axis + 1, e_strides.end(), nxt_strides);
 
-            return strided_view(std::forward<CT>(e), std::move(shape),
-                std::move(strides), offset, e.layout());
+            return strided_view(std::forward<CT>(e), std::move(shape), std::move(strides), offset, e.layout());
         }
     }
 
     template <class CT>
     template <class T, class CTA>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-    xaxis_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
+    inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> xaxis_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
     {
         return &e;
     }
 
     template <class CT>
     template <class T, class CTA>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-    xaxis_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
+    inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> xaxis_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
     {
         return e;
     }
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Constructors
      */
-     //@{
+    //@{
     /**
      * Constructs an xaxis_iterator
      *
@@ -172,12 +171,13 @@ namespace xt
         , m_sv(detail::derive_xstrided_view<CTA>(std::forward<CTA>(e), axis, offset))
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
      * @name Increment
      */
-     //@{
+    //@{
     /**
      * Increments the iterator to the next position and returns it.
      */
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ namespace xt
         ++(*this);
         return tmp;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -227,6 +228,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::closure_pointer(operator*());
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /*
@@ -242,7 +244,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT>
     inline bool xaxis_iterator<CT>::equal(const self_type& rhs) const
     {
-        return p_expression == rhs.p_expression && m_index == rhs.m_index && m_sv.data_offset() == rhs.m_sv.data_offset();
+        return p_expression == rhs.p_expression && m_index == rhs.m_index
+               && m_sv.data_offset() == rhs.m_sv.data_offset();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -265,6 +268,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return !(lhs == rhs);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -310,7 +314,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
         using return_type = xaxis_iterator<xtl::closure_type_t<E>>;
-        return return_type(std::forward<E>(e), 0, e.shape()[0], static_cast<size_type>(e.strides()[0])*e.shape()[0]);
+        return return_type(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            0,
+            e.shape()[0],
+            static_cast<size_type>(e.strides()[0]) * e.shape()[0]
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -326,8 +335,14 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
         using return_type = xaxis_iterator<xtl::closure_type_t<E>>;
-        return return_type(std::forward<E>(e), axis, e.shape()[axis], static_cast<size_type>(e.strides()[axis])*e.shape()[axis]);
+        return return_type(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axis,
+            e.shape()[axis],
+            static_cast<size_type>(e.strides()[axis]) * e.shape()[axis]
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
index 3f90d05c2..1f56adb75 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_AXIS_SLICE_ITERATOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_AXIS_SLICE_ITERATOR_HPP
@@ -69,12 +69,10 @@ namespace xt
         value_type m_sv;
 
         template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-            get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
 
         template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-            get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
     };
 
     template <class CT>
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT>
     template <class T, class CTA>
     inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-        xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
+    xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
     {
         return &e;
     }
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT>
     template <class T, class CTA>
     inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-        xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
+    xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
     {
         return e;
     }
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @name Constructors
      */
-     //@{
+    //@{
     /**
      * Constructs an xaxis_slice_iterator
      *
@@ -142,41 +140,62 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT>
     template <class CTA>
-    inline xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::xaxis_slice_iterator(CTA&& e, size_type axis, size_type index, size_type offset) :
-        p_expression(get_storage_init<storing_type>(std::forward<CTA>(e))), m_index(index),
-        m_offset(offset), m_axis_stride(static_cast<size_type>(e.strides()[axis]) * (e.shape()[axis] - 1u)),
-        m_lower_shape(0), m_upper_shape(0), m_iter_size(0), m_is_target_axis(false),
-        m_sv(strided_view(std::forward<CT>(e), std::forward<shape_type>({ e.shape()[axis] }),
-            std::forward<strides_type>({ e.strides()[axis] }), offset, e.layout()))
+    inline xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::xaxis_slice_iterator(CTA&& e, size_type axis, size_type index, size_type offset)
+        : p_expression(get_storage_init<storing_type>(std::forward<CTA>(e)))
+        , m_index(index)
+        , m_offset(offset)
+        , m_axis_stride(static_cast<size_type>(e.strides()[axis]) * (e.shape()[axis] - 1u))
+        , m_lower_shape(0)
+        , m_upper_shape(0)
+        , m_iter_size(0)
+        , m_is_target_axis(false)
+        , m_sv(strided_view(
+              std::forward<CT>(e),
+              std::forward<shape_type>({e.shape()[axis]}),
+              std::forward<strides_type>({e.strides()[axis]}),
+              offset,
+              e.layout()
+          ))
     {
         if (e.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
         {
             m_is_target_axis = axis == e.dimension() - 1;
-            m_lower_shape = std::accumulate(e.shape().begin() + axis + 1, e.shape().end(), size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+            m_lower_shape = std::accumulate(
+                e.shape().begin() + axis + 1,
+                e.shape().end(),
+                size_t(1),
+                std::multiplies<>()
+            );
             m_iter_size = std::accumulate(e.shape().begin() + 1, e.shape().end(), size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-
         }
         else
         {
             m_is_target_axis = axis == 0;
-            m_lower_shape = std::accumulate(e.shape().begin(), e.shape().begin() + axis, size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+            m_lower_shape = std::accumulate(
+                e.shape().begin(),
+                e.shape().begin() + axis,
+                size_t(1),
+                std::multiplies<>()
+            );
             m_iter_size = std::accumulate(e.shape().begin(), e.shape().end() - 1, size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
         }
         m_upper_shape = m_lower_shape + m_axis_stride;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
      * @name Increment
      */
-     //@{
+    //@{
     /**
      * Increments the iterator to the next position and returns it.
      */
     template <class CT>
     inline auto xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::operator++() -> self_type&
     {
-        ++m_index; ++m_offset;
+        ++m_index;
+        ++m_offset;
         auto index_compare = (m_offset % m_iter_size);
         if (m_is_target_axis || (m_upper_shape >= index_compare && index_compare >= m_lower_shape))
         {
@@ -197,6 +216,7 @@ namespace xt
         ++(*this);
         return tmp;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -224,6 +244,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return xtl::closure_pointer(operator*());
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /*
@@ -261,6 +282,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return !(lhs == rhs);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -305,10 +327,12 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto axis_slice_end(E&& e)
     {
         using return_type = xaxis_slice_iterator<xtl::closure_type_t<E>>;
-        return return_type(std::forward<E>(e),
-                           0,
-                           std::accumulate(e.shape().begin() + 1, e.shape().end(), size_t(1), std::multiplies<>()),
-                           e.size());
+        return return_type(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            0,
+            std::accumulate(e.shape().begin() + 1, e.shape().end(), size_t(1), std::multiplies<>()),
+            e.size()
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -323,12 +347,20 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto axis_slice_end(E&& e, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type axis)
     {
         using return_type = xaxis_slice_iterator<xtl::closure_type_t<E>>;
-        auto index_sum = std::accumulate(e.shape().begin(), e.shape().begin() + axis, size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-        return return_type(std::forward<E>(e),
-                           axis,
-                           std::accumulate(e.shape().begin() + axis + 1, e.shape().end(), index_sum, std::multiplies<>()),
-                           e.size() + axis);
+        auto index_sum = std::accumulate(
+            e.shape().begin(),
+            e.shape().begin() + axis,
+            size_t(1),
+            std::multiplies<>()
+        );
+        return return_type(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axis,
+            std::accumulate(e.shape().begin() + axis + 1, e.shape().end(), index_sum, std::multiplies<>()),
+            e.size() + axis
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
index 403f672cd..1a709bae5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -1,503 +1,531 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_HPP
 
-#include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
-#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
-
-#include "xshape.hpp"
 #include "xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp"
 #include "xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
 #include "xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-class xblockwise_reducer
-{
-public:
-
-    using self_type = xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>;
-    using raw_options_type = std::decay_t<O>;
-    using keep_dims = xtl::mpl::contains<raw_options_type, xt::keep_dims_type>;
-    using xexpression_type = std::decay_t<CT>;
-    using shape_type = typename xreducer_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, std::decay_t<X>, keep_dims>::type;
-    using functor_type = F;
-    using value_type = typename functor_type::value_type;
-    using input_shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
-    using input_chunk_index_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<input_shape_type>;
-    using input_grid_strides = filter_fixed_shape_t<input_shape_type>;
-    using axes_type = X;
-    using chunk_shape_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<shape_type>;
-
-
-    template<class E, class BS, class XX, class OO, class FF>
-    xblockwise_reducer(E && e, BS && block_shape,  XX && axes, OO && options, FF && functor);
-
-    const input_shape_type & input_shape()const;
-    const axes_type & axes() const;
-
-    std::size_t dimension() const;
-
-    const shape_type & shape() const;
-
-    const chunk_shape_type & chunk_shape() const;
-
-    template<class R>
-    void assign_to(R & result) const;
-
-private:
-    using mapping_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<shape_type>;
-    using input_chunked_view_type = xchunked_view<const std::decay_t<CT> &>;
-    using input_const_chunked_iterator_type = typename input_chunked_view_type::const_chunk_iterator;
-    using input_chunk_range_type = std::array<xmultiindex_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2>;
-
-    template<class CI>
-    void assign_to_chunk(CI & result_chunk_iter) const;
-
-    template<class CI>
-    input_chunk_range_type compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const;
-
-    input_const_chunked_iterator_type get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index_type  input_chunk_index) const;
-    void init_shapes();
-
-    CT m_e;
-    xchunked_view<const std::decay_t<CT> &>  m_e_chunked_view;
-    axes_type m_axes;
-    raw_options_type m_options;
-    functor_type m_functor;
-    shape_type m_result_shape;
-    chunk_shape_type m_result_chunk_shape;
-    mapping_type m_mapping;
-    input_grid_strides m_input_grid_strides;
-};
-
-
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-template<class E, class BS, class XX, class OO, class FF>
-xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::xblockwise_reducer(E && e, BS && block_shape,  XX && axes, OO && options, FF && functor)
-:   m_e(std::forward<E>(e)),
-    m_e_chunked_view(m_e, std::forward<BS>(block_shape)),
-    m_axes(std::forward<XX>(axes)),
-    m_options(std::forward<OO>(options)),
-    m_functor(std::forward<FF>(functor)),
-    m_result_shape(),
-    m_result_chunk_shape(),
-    m_mapping(),
-    m_input_grid_strides()
-{
-    init_shapes();
-    resize_container(m_input_grid_strides, m_e.dimension());
-    std::size_t stride = 1;
-
-    for (std::size_t i = m_input_grid_strides.size(); i != 0; --i)
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    class xblockwise_reducer
     {
-        m_input_grid_strides[i-1] = stride;
-        stride *= m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape()[i - 1];
-    }
-}
+    public:
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::input_shape()const -> const input_shape_type &
-{
-    return m_e.shape();
-}
+        using self_type = xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>;
+        using raw_options_type = std::decay_t<O>;
+        using keep_dims = xtl::mpl::contains<raw_options_type, xt::keep_dims_type>;
+        using xexpression_type = std::decay_t<CT>;
+        using shape_type = typename xreducer_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, std::decay_t<X>, keep_dims>::type;
+        using functor_type = F;
+        using value_type = typename functor_type::value_type;
+        using input_shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
+        using input_chunk_index_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<input_shape_type>;
+        using input_grid_strides = filter_fixed_shape_t<input_shape_type>;
+        using axes_type = X;
+        using chunk_shape_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<shape_type>;
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::axes() const -> const axes_type &
-{
-    return m_axes;
-}
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-inline std::size_t xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::dimension() const
-{
-    return m_result_shape.size();
-}
+        template <class E, class BS, class XX, class OO, class FF>
+        xblockwise_reducer(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, XX&& axes, OO&& options, FF&& functor);
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::shape() const -> const shape_type &
-{
-    return m_result_shape;
-}
+        const input_shape_type& input_shape() const;
+        const axes_type& axes() const;
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::chunk_shape() const -> const chunk_shape_type &
-{
-    return m_result_chunk_shape;
-}
+        std::size_t dimension() const;
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-template<class R>
-inline void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::assign_to(R & result) const
-{
-    auto result_chunked_view = as_chunked(result, m_result_chunk_shape);
-    for(auto chunk_iter =  result_chunked_view.chunk_begin(); chunk_iter != result_chunked_view.chunk_end(); ++chunk_iter)
+        const shape_type& shape() const;
+
+        const chunk_shape_type& chunk_shape() const;
+
+        template <class R>
+        void assign_to(R& result) const;
+
+    private:
+
+        using mapping_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<shape_type>;
+        using input_chunked_view_type = xchunked_view<const std::decay_t<CT>&>;
+        using input_const_chunked_iterator_type = typename input_chunked_view_type::const_chunk_iterator;
+        using input_chunk_range_type = std::array<xmultiindex_iterator<input_chunk_index_type>, 2>;
+
+        template <class CI>
+        void assign_to_chunk(CI& result_chunk_iter) const;
+
+        template <class CI>
+        input_chunk_range_type compute_input_chunk_range(CI& result_chunk_iter) const;
+
+        input_const_chunked_iterator_type get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index_type input_chunk_index) const;
+        void init_shapes();
+
+        CT m_e;
+        xchunked_view<const std::decay_t<CT>&> m_e_chunked_view;
+        axes_type m_axes;
+        raw_options_type m_options;
+        functor_type m_functor;
+        shape_type m_result_shape;
+        chunk_shape_type m_result_chunk_shape;
+        mapping_type m_mapping;
+        input_grid_strides m_input_grid_strides;
+    };
+
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    template <class E, class BS, class XX, class OO, class FF>
+    xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::xblockwise_reducer(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, XX&& axes, OO&& options, FF&& functor)
+        : m_e(std::forward<E>(e))
+        , m_e_chunked_view(m_e, std::forward<BS>(block_shape))
+        , m_axes(std::forward<XX>(axes))
+        , m_options(std::forward<OO>(options))
+        , m_functor(std::forward<FF>(functor))
+        , m_result_shape()
+        , m_result_chunk_shape()
+        , m_mapping()
+        , m_input_grid_strides()
     {
-        assign_to_chunk(chunk_iter);
+        init_shapes();
+        resize_container(m_input_grid_strides, m_e.dimension());
+        std::size_t stride = 1;
+
+        for (std::size_t i = m_input_grid_strides.size(); i != 0; --i)
+        {
+            m_input_grid_strides[i - 1] = stride;
+            stride *= m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape()[i - 1];
+        }
     }
-}
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index_type  input_chunk_index) const ->input_const_chunked_iterator_type
-{
-    std::size_t chunk_linear_index = 0;
-    for(std::size_t i=0; i<m_e_chunked_view.dimension(); ++i)
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::input_shape() const -> const input_shape_type&
     {
-        chunk_linear_index += input_chunk_index[i] * m_input_grid_strides[i];
+        return m_e.shape();
     }
-    return input_const_chunked_iterator_type(m_e_chunked_view, std::move(input_chunk_index), chunk_linear_index);
-}
-
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-template<class CI>
-void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::assign_to_chunk(CI & result_chunk_iter) const
-{
-    auto result_chunk_view = *result_chunk_iter;
-    auto reduction_variable = m_functor.reduction_variable(result_chunk_view);
 
-    // get the range of input chunks we need to compute the desired ouput chunk
-    auto range = compute_input_chunk_range(result_chunk_iter);
-
-    // iterate over input chunk (indics)
-    auto first = true;
-    // std::for_each(std::get<0>(range), std::get<1>(range), [&](auto && input_chunk_index)
-    auto iter = std::get<0>(range);
-    while(iter != std::get<1>(range))
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::axes() const -> const axes_type&
     {
-        const auto & input_chunk_index = *iter;
-        // get input chunk iterator from chunk index
-        auto chunked_input_iter = this->get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index);
-        auto input_chunk_view = *chunked_input_iter;
-
-        // compute the per block result
-        auto block_res = m_functor.compute(input_chunk_view, m_axes, m_options);
-
-        // merge
-        m_functor.merge(block_res, first,  result_chunk_view, reduction_variable);
-        first = false;
-        ++iter;
+        return m_axes;
     }
 
-    // finalize (ie smth like normalization)
-    m_functor.finalize(reduction_variable, result_chunk_view, *this);
-}
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    inline std::size_t xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::dimension() const
+    {
+        return m_result_shape.size();
+    }
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-template<class CI>
-auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::compute_input_chunk_range(CI & result_chunk_iter) const -> input_chunk_range_type
-{
-    auto input_chunks_begin = xtl::make_sequence<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension(), 0);
-    auto input_chunks_end = xtl::make_sequence<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::shape() const -> const shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_result_shape;
+    }
 
-    XTENSOR_ASSERT(input_chunks_begin.size() == m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
-    XTENSOR_ASSERT(input_chunks_end.size() == m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    inline auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::chunk_shape() const -> const chunk_shape_type&
+    {
+        return m_result_chunk_shape;
+    }
 
-    std::copy(m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().begin(), m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().end(),  input_chunks_end.begin());
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    template <class R>
+    inline void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::assign_to(R& result) const
+    {
+        auto result_chunked_view = as_chunked(result, m_result_chunk_shape);
+        for (auto chunk_iter = result_chunked_view.chunk_begin(); chunk_iter != result_chunked_view.chunk_end();
+             ++chunk_iter)
+        {
+            assign_to_chunk(chunk_iter);
+        }
+    }
 
-    const auto & chunk_index = result_chunk_iter.chunk_index();
-    for(std::size_t result_ax_index=0; result_ax_index<m_result_shape.size(); ++result_ax_index)
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index_type input_chunk_index) const
+        -> input_const_chunked_iterator_type
     {
-        if(m_result_shape[result_ax_index] != 1)
+        std::size_t chunk_linear_index = 0;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_e_chunked_view.dimension(); ++i)
         {
-            const auto input_ax_index = m_mapping[result_ax_index];
-            input_chunks_begin[input_ax_index] = chunk_index[result_ax_index];
-            input_chunks_end[input_ax_index] = chunk_index[result_ax_index] + 1;
+            chunk_linear_index += input_chunk_index[i] * m_input_grid_strides[i];
         }
+        return input_const_chunked_iterator_type(m_e_chunked_view, std::move(input_chunk_index), chunk_linear_index);
     }
-    return input_chunk_range_type{
-        multiindex_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end),
-        multiindex_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)
-    };
-}
 
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    template <class CI>
+    void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::assign_to_chunk(CI& result_chunk_iter) const
+    {
+        auto result_chunk_view = *result_chunk_iter;
+        auto reduction_variable = m_functor.reduction_variable(result_chunk_view);
 
-template<class CT, class F, class X, class O>
-void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::init_shapes()
-{
-    const auto & shape = m_e.shape();
-    const auto dimension = m_e.dimension();
-    const auto & block_shape = m_e_chunked_view.chunk_shape();
-    if (xtl::mpl::contains<raw_options_type, xt::keep_dims_type>::value)
+        // get the range of input chunks we need to compute the desired ouput chunk
+        auto range = compute_input_chunk_range(result_chunk_iter);
+
+        // iterate over input chunk (indics)
+        auto first = true;
+        // std::for_each(std::get<0>(range), std::get<1>(range), [&](auto && input_chunk_index)
+        auto iter = std::get<0>(range);
+        while (iter != std::get<1>(range))
+        {
+            const auto& input_chunk_index = *iter;
+            // get input chunk iterator from chunk index
+            auto chunked_input_iter = this->get_input_chunk_iter(input_chunk_index);
+            auto input_chunk_view = *chunked_input_iter;
+
+            // compute the per block result
+            auto block_res = m_functor.compute(input_chunk_view, m_axes, m_options);
+
+            // merge
+            m_functor.merge(block_res, first, result_chunk_view, reduction_variable);
+            first = false;
+            ++iter;
+        }
+
+        // finalize (ie smth like normalization)
+        m_functor.finalize(reduction_variable, result_chunk_view, *this);
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    template <class CI>
+    auto xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::compute_input_chunk_range(CI& result_chunk_iter) const
+        -> input_chunk_range_type
     {
-        resize_container(m_result_shape, dimension);
-        resize_container(m_result_chunk_shape, dimension);
-        resize_container(m_mapping, dimension);
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < dimension; ++i)
+        auto input_chunks_begin = xtl::make_sequence<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension(), 0);
+        auto input_chunks_end = xtl::make_sequence<input_chunk_index_type>(m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(input_chunks_begin.size() == m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(input_chunks_end.size() == m_e_chunked_view.dimension());
+
+        std::copy(
+            m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().begin(),
+            m_e_chunked_view.grid_shape().end(),
+            input_chunks_end.begin()
+        );
+
+        const auto& chunk_index = result_chunk_iter.chunk_index();
+        for (std::size_t result_ax_index = 0; result_ax_index < m_result_shape.size(); ++result_ax_index)
         {
-            m_mapping[i] = i;
-            if (std::find(m_axes.begin(), m_axes.end(), i) == m_axes.end())
-            {
-                // i not in m_axes!
-                m_result_shape[i] = shape[i];
-                m_result_chunk_shape[i] = block_shape[i];
-            }
-            else
+            if (m_result_shape[result_ax_index] != 1)
             {
-                m_result_shape[i] = 1;
-                m_result_chunk_shape[i] = 1;
+                const auto input_ax_index = m_mapping[result_ax_index];
+                input_chunks_begin[input_ax_index] = chunk_index[result_ax_index];
+                input_chunks_end[input_ax_index] = chunk_index[result_ax_index] + 1;
             }
         }
+        return input_chunk_range_type{
+            multiindex_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end),
+            multiindex_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)};
     }
-    else
-    {
-        const auto result_dim =  dimension - m_axes.size();
-        resize_container(m_result_shape, result_dim);
-        resize_container(m_result_chunk_shape, result_dim);
-        resize_container(m_mapping, result_dim);
 
-        for (std::size_t i = 0, idx = 0; i < dimension; ++i)
+    template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
+    void xblockwise_reducer<CT, F, X, O>::init_shapes()
+    {
+        const auto& shape = m_e.shape();
+        const auto dimension = m_e.dimension();
+        const auto& block_shape = m_e_chunked_view.chunk_shape();
+        if (xtl::mpl::contains<raw_options_type, xt::keep_dims_type>::value)
         {
-            if (std::find(m_axes.begin(), m_axes.end(), i) == m_axes.end())
+            resize_container(m_result_shape, dimension);
+            resize_container(m_result_chunk_shape, dimension);
+            resize_container(m_mapping, dimension);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < dimension; ++i)
             {
-                // i not in axes!
-                m_result_shape[idx] = shape[i];
-                m_result_chunk_shape[idx] = block_shape[i];
-                m_mapping[idx] = i;
-                ++idx;
+                m_mapping[i] = i;
+                if (std::find(m_axes.begin(), m_axes.end(), i) == m_axes.end())
+                {
+                    // i not in m_axes!
+                    m_result_shape[i] = shape[i];
+                    m_result_chunk_shape[i] = block_shape[i];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_result_shape[i] = 1;
+                    m_result_chunk_shape[i] = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const auto result_dim = dimension - m_axes.size();
+            resize_container(m_result_shape, result_dim);
+            resize_container(m_result_chunk_shape, result_dim);
+            resize_container(m_mapping, result_dim);
+
+            for (std::size_t i = 0, idx = 0; i < dimension; ++i)
+            {
+                if (std::find(m_axes.begin(), m_axes.end(), i) == m_axes.end())
+                {
+                    // i not in axes!
+                    m_result_shape[idx] = shape[i];
+                    m_result_chunk_shape[idx] = block_shape[i];
+                    m_mapping[idx] = i;
+                    ++idx;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
-}
 
-template<class E, class CS, class A, class O, class FF>
-inline auto blockwise_reducer(E && e, CS && chunk_shape, A && axes, O && raw_options, FF && functor)
-{
-    using functor_type = std::decay_t<FF>;
-    using closure_type = xtl::const_closure_type_t<E>;
-    using axes_type = std::decay_t<A>;
-
-    return xblockwise_reducer<
-        closure_type,
-        functor_type,
-        axes_type,
-        O
-    >(
-        std::forward<E>(e),
-        std::forward<CS>(chunk_shape),
-        std::forward<A>(axes),
-        std::forward<O>(raw_options),
-        std::forward<FF>(functor)
-    );
-}
+    template <class E, class CS, class A, class O, class FF>
+    inline auto blockwise_reducer(E&& e, CS&& chunk_shape, A&& axes, O&& raw_options, FF&& functor)
+    {
+        using functor_type = std::decay_t<FF>;
+        using closure_type = xtl::const_closure_type_t<E>;
+        using axes_type = std::decay_t<A>;
+
+        return xblockwise_reducer<closure_type, functor_type, axes_type, O>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::forward<CS>(chunk_shape),
+            std::forward<A>(axes),
+            std::forward<O>(raw_options),
+            std::forward<FF>(functor)
+        );
+    }
 
-namespace blockwise
-{
+    namespace blockwise
+    {
 
-    #define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)\
-        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X && axes, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::forward<X>(axes),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }\
-        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X axis, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            std::array<X,1> axes{axis};\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                axes,\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }\
-        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
-            axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());\
-            std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::move(axes),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }\
-        template<class T=void, class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, const I (&axes)[N], O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;\
-            using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;\
-            auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::move(ax),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(sum, xt::detail::blockwise::sum_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(prod, xt::detail::blockwise::prod_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(amin, xt::detail::blockwise::amin_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(amax, xt::detail::blockwise::amax_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(mean, xt::detail::blockwise::mean_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(variance, xt::detail::blockwise::variance_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(stddev, xt::detail::blockwise::stddev_functor)
-
-    #undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC
-
-
-    // norm reducers do *not* allow to to pass a template
-    // parameter to specifiy the internal computation type
-    #define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)\
-        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X && axes, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::forward<X>(axes),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }\
-        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, X axis, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            std::array<X,1> axes{axis};\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                axes,\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }\
-        template<class E, class BS, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
-            axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());\
-            std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::move(axes),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }\
-        template<class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, const I (&axes)[N], O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;\
-            auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::move(ax),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type());\
-        }
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l0, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l0_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l1, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l1_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l2, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l2_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_sq, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_sq_functor)
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_linf, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_linf_functor)
-
-    #undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC
-
-
-    #define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)\
-        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, X && axes, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::forward<X>(axes),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type(p));\
-        }\
-        template<class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, X axis, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            std::array<X,1> axes{axis};\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                axes,\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type(p));\
-        }\
-        template<class E, class BS, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,\
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)\
-        >\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;\
-            axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());\
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());\
-            std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::move(axes),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type(p));\
-        }\
-        template<class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>\
-        auto FNAME(E && e, BS && block_shape, double p, const I (&axes)[N], O options = O())\
-        {\
-            using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;\
-            using functor_type = FUNCTOR <typename input_expression_type::value_type>;\
-            using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;\
-            auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);\
-            return blockwise_reducer(\
-                std::forward<E>(e), \
-                std::forward<BS>(block_shape), \
-                std::move(ax),\
-                std::forward<O>(options),\
-                functor_type(p));\
-        }
+#define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)                                                        \
+    template <                                                                                                \
+        class T = void,                                                                                       \
+        class E,                                                                                              \
+        class BS,                                                                                             \
+        class X,                                                                                              \
+        class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                  \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)> \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, X&& axes, O options = O())                                            \
+    {                                                                                                         \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                        \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;                          \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                             \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                               \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                    \
+            std::forward<X>(axes),                                                                            \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                         \
+            functor_type()                                                                                    \
+        );                                                                                                    \
+    }                                                                                                         \
+    template <                                                                                                \
+        class T = void,                                                                                       \
+        class E,                                                                                              \
+        class BS,                                                                                             \
+        class X,                                                                                              \
+        class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                  \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)>                                                      \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, X axis, O options = O())                                              \
+    {                                                                                                         \
+        std::array<X, 1> axes{axis};                                                                          \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                        \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;                          \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                             \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                               \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                    \
+            axes,                                                                                             \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                         \
+            functor_type()                                                                                    \
+        );                                                                                                    \
+    }                                                                                                         \
+    template <                                                                                                \
+        class T = void,                                                                                       \
+        class E,                                                                                              \
+        class BS,                                                                                             \
+        class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                  \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, O options = O())                                                      \
+    {                                                                                                         \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                        \
+        using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;                   \
+        axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());                                        \
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());                                                         \
+        std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);                                                               \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;                          \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                             \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                               \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                    \
+            std::move(axes),                                                                                  \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                         \
+            functor_type()                                                                                    \
+        );                                                                                                    \
+    }                                                                                                         \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS> \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, const I(&axes)[N], O options = O())                                   \
+    {                                                                                                         \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                        \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type, T>;                          \
+        using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;                                                         \
+        auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);                                                  \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                             \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                               \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                    \
+            std::move(ax),                                                                                    \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                         \
+            functor_type()                                                                                    \
+        );                                                                                                    \
+    }
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(sum, xt::detail::blockwise::sum_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(prod, xt::detail::blockwise::prod_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(amin, xt::detail::blockwise::amin_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(amax, xt::detail::blockwise::amax_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(mean, xt::detail::blockwise::mean_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(variance, xt::detail::blockwise::variance_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC(stddev, xt::detail::blockwise::stddev_functor)
+
+#undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNC
+
+
+// norm reducers do *not* allow to to pass a template
+// parameter to specifiy the internal computation type
+#define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)                                                                     \
+    template <                                                                                                                  \
+        class E,                                                                                                                \
+        class BS,                                                                                                               \
+        class X,                                                                                                                \
+        class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>                   \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, X&& axes, O options = O())                                                              \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            std::forward<X>(axes),                                                                                              \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type()                                                                                                      \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }                                                                                                                           \
+    template <class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)> \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, X axis, O options = O())                                                                \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        std::array<X, 1> axes{axis};                                                                                            \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            axes,                                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type()                                                                                                      \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }                                                                                                                           \
+    template <                                                                                                                  \
+        class E,                                                                                                                \
+        class BS,                                                                                                               \
+        class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                                  \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, O options = O())                                                                        \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;                                     \
+        axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());                                                          \
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());                                                                           \
+        std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);                                                                                 \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            std::move(axes),                                                                                                    \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type()                                                                                                      \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }                                                                                                                           \
+    template <class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                                   \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, const I(&axes)[N], O options = O())                                                     \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;                                                                           \
+        auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);                                                                    \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            std::move(ax),                                                                                                      \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type()                                                                                                      \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l0, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l0_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l1, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l1_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_l2, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_l2_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_sq, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_sq_functor)
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_linf, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_linf_functor)
+
+#undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC
+
+
+#define XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(FNAME, FUNCTOR)                                                                     \
+    template <                                                                                                                  \
+        class E,                                                                                                                \
+        class BS,                                                                                                               \
+        class X,                                                                                                                \
+        class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>                   \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, double p, X&& axes, O options = O())                                                    \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            std::forward<X>(axes),                                                                                              \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type(p)                                                                                                     \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }                                                                                                                           \
+    template <class E, class BS, class X, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)> \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, double p, X axis, O options = O())                                                      \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        std::array<X, 1> axes{axis};                                                                                            \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            axes,                                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type(p)                                                                                                     \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }                                                                                                                           \
+    template <                                                                                                                  \
+        class E,                                                                                                                \
+        class BS,                                                                                                               \
+        class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                                  \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, double p, O options = O())                                                              \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using axes_type = filter_fixed_shape_t<typename input_expression_type::shape_type>;                                     \
+        axes_type axes = xtl::make_sequence<axes_type>(e.dimension());                                                          \
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(axes.size() == e.dimension());                                                                           \
+        std::iota(axes.begin(), axes.end(), 0);                                                                                 \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            std::move(axes),                                                                                                    \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type(p)                                                                                                     \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }                                                                                                                           \
+    template <class E, class BS, class I, std::size_t N, class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                                   \
+    auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, double p, const I(&axes)[N], O options = O())                                           \
+    {                                                                                                                           \
+        using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR<typename input_expression_type::value_type>;                                               \
+        using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;                                                                           \
+        auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);                                                                    \
+        return blockwise_reducer(                                                                                               \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                                 \
+            std::forward<BS>(block_shape),                                                                                      \
+            std::move(ax),                                                                                                      \
+            std::forward<O>(options),                                                                                           \
+            functor_type(p)                                                                                                     \
+        );                                                                                                                      \
+    }
 
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp_to_p, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_to_p_functor);
-    XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_functor);
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp_to_p, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_to_p_functor);
+        XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC(norm_lp, xt::detail::blockwise::norm_lp_functor);
 
-    #undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC
-}
+#undef XTENSOR_BLOCKWISE_NORM_REDUCER_FUNC
+    }
 
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
index 8f9c1c9b3..d976f3f02 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
@@ -2,586 +2,502 @@
 #define XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNCTORS_HPP
 
 
-#include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
-#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <typeinfo>
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xreducer.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
 #include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xchunked_array.hpp"
-#include "xchunked_view.hpp"
 #include "xchunked_assign.hpp"
-#include "xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xchunked_view.hpp"
+#include "xexpression.hpp"
+#include "xmath.hpp"
 #include "xnorm.hpp"
-#include "xbuilder.hpp"
-
-#include <tuple>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <typeinfo>
-
+#include "xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
+#include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
-namespace detail
-{
-namespace blockwise
-{
-
-    struct empty_reduction_variable
+    namespace detail
     {
-    };
-
-
-    struct simple_functor_base
-    {
-        template<class E>
-        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
-        {
-            return  empty_reduction_variable();
-        }
-        template<class MR, class E, class R>
-        void finalize(const MR &, E &,const R &) const
+        namespace blockwise
         {
 
-        }
-    };
-
-
-    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
-    struct sum_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::sum<T_I>(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(input, axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
-        {
-            if(first)
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
+            struct empty_reduction_variable
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-
-
-    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
-    struct prod_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::sum<T_I>(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::prod<value_type>(input, axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
-        {
-            if(first)
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) *= block_result;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
-    struct amin_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::amin<T_I>(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::amin(input, axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
-        {
-            if(first)
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = xt::minimum(block_result, result);
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
-    struct amax_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::amax<T_I>(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::amax(input, axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR >
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR &) const
-        {
-            if(first)
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = xt::maximum(block_result, result);
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
-    struct mean_functor
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::mean<T_I>(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-        )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(input, axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class E>
-        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
-        {
-            return  empty_reduction_variable();
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-
-        template<class E, class R>
-        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & results, const R & reducer) const
-        {
-            const auto & axes = reducer.axes();
-            std::decay_t<decltype( reducer.input_shape()[0])> factor = 1;
-            for(auto a : axes )
-            {
-                factor *= reducer.input_shape()[a];
-            }
-            xt::noalias(results) /= static_cast<typename E::value_type>(factor);
-        }
-    };
-
-
-    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
-    struct variance_functor
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::variance<T_I>(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            double weight = 1.0;
-            for(auto a : axes)
-            {
-                weight *= static_cast<double>(input.shape()[a]);
-            }
-
-
-            return std::make_tuple(
-                xt::variance<value_type>(input, axes, options),
-                xt::mean<value_type>(input, axes, options),
-                weight
-            );
-        }
-
-        template<class E>
-        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
-        {
-            return  std::make_tuple(xarray<value_type>(), 0.0);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & variance_a, MR & mr) const
-        {
-            auto & mean_a = std::get<0>(mr);
-            auto & n_a = std::get<1>(mr);
+            };
 
-            const auto & variance_b =  std::get<0>(block_result);
-            const auto & mean_b =  std::get<1>(block_result);
-            const auto & n_b =  std::get<2>(block_result);
-            if(first)
+            struct simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(variance_a) = variance_b;
-                xt::noalias(mean_a) = mean_b;
-                n_a += n_b;
-            }
-            else
+                template <class E>
+                auto reduction_variable(const E&) const
+                {
+                    return empty_reduction_variable();
+                }
+
+                template <class MR, class E, class R>
+                void finalize(const MR&, E&, const R&) const
+                {
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E, class T_I = void>
+            struct sum_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                auto new_mean = (n_a * mean_a + n_b * mean_b) / (n_a + n_b);
-                auto new_variance = (n_a * variance_a +
-                                     n_b * variance_b +
-                                     n_a * xt::pow(mean_a-new_mean, 2) +
-                                     n_b * xt::pow(mean_b-new_mean, 2)) / (n_a + n_b);
-                xt::noalias(variance_a) = new_variance;
-                xt::noalias(mean_a) = new_mean;
-                n_a += n_b;
-            }
-        }
-
-        template< class MR, class E, class R>
-        void finalize(const MR &, E & , const R &) const
-        {
-
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<class T_E, class T_I=void>
-    struct stddev_functor : public variance_functor<T_E, T_I>
-    {
-        template< class MR, class E, class R>
-        void finalize(const MR &, E & results, const R & ) const
-        {
-            xt::noalias(results) = xt::sqrt(results);
-        }
-    };
-
-
-
-    template<class T_E>
-    struct norm_l0_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::norm_l0(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::not_equal(input, xt::zeros<T_E>(input.shape())), axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::sum<T_I>(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(input, axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E, class T_I = void>
+            struct prod_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::sum<T_I>(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::prod<value_type>(input, axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) *= block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E, class T_I = void>
+            struct amin_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-
-
-    template<class T_E>
-    struct norm_l1_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::norm_l1(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::abs(input), axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, MR & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::amin<T_I>(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::amin(input, axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = xt::minimum(block_result, result);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E, class T_I = void>
+            struct amax_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::amax<T_I>(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::amax(input, axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = xt::maximum(block_result, result);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E, class T_I = void>
+            struct mean_functor
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-
-
-    template<class T_E>
-    struct norm_l2_functor
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::norm_l2(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::square(input), axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class E>
-        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
-        {
-            return  empty_reduction_variable();
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::mean<T_I>(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(input, axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class E>
+                auto reduction_variable(const E&) const
+                {
+                    return empty_reduction_variable();
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, empty_reduction_variable&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                template <class E, class R>
+                void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable&, E& results, const R& reducer) const
+                {
+                    const auto& axes = reducer.axes();
+                    std::decay_t<decltype(reducer.input_shape()[0])> factor = 1;
+                    for (auto a : axes)
+                    {
+                        factor *= reducer.input_shape()[a];
+                    }
+                    xt::noalias(results) /= static_cast<typename E::value_type>(factor);
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E, class T_I = void>
+            struct variance_functor
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::variance<T_I>(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>())
+                )>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    double weight = 1.0;
+                    for (auto a : axes)
+                    {
+                        weight *= static_cast<double>(input.shape()[a]);
+                    }
+
+
+                    return std::make_tuple(
+                        xt::variance<value_type>(input, axes, options),
+                        xt::mean<value_type>(input, axes, options),
+                        weight
+                    );
+                }
+
+                template <class E>
+                auto reduction_variable(const E&) const
+                {
+                    return std::make_tuple(xarray<value_type>(), 0.0);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& variance_a, MR& mr) const
+                {
+                    auto& mean_a = std::get<0>(mr);
+                    auto& n_a = std::get<1>(mr);
+
+                    const auto& variance_b = std::get<0>(block_result);
+                    const auto& mean_b = std::get<1>(block_result);
+                    const auto& n_b = std::get<2>(block_result);
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(variance_a) = variance_b;
+                        xt::noalias(mean_a) = mean_b;
+                        n_a += n_b;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        auto new_mean = (n_a * mean_a + n_b * mean_b) / (n_a + n_b);
+                        auto new_variance = (n_a * variance_a + n_b * variance_b
+                                             + n_a * xt::pow(mean_a - new_mean, 2)
+                                             + n_b * xt::pow(mean_b - new_mean, 2))
+                                            / (n_a + n_b);
+                        xt::noalias(variance_a) = new_variance;
+                        xt::noalias(mean_a) = new_mean;
+                        n_a += n_b;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                template <class MR, class E, class R>
+                void finalize(const MR&, E&, const R&) const
+                {
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E, class T_I = void>
+            struct stddev_functor : public variance_functor<T_E, T_I>
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-
-        template<class E, class R>
-        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & results, const R & ) const
-        {
-             xt::noalias(results) = xt::sqrt(results);
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<class T_E>
-    struct norm_sq_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::norm_sq(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::square(input), axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result,MR & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
+                template <class MR, class E, class R>
+                void finalize(const MR&, E& results, const R&) const
+                {
+                    xt::noalias(results) = xt::sqrt(results);
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E>
+            struct norm_l0_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::norm_l0(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::not_equal(input, xt::zeros<T_E>(input.shape())), axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E>
+            struct norm_l1_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<class T_E>
-    struct norm_linf_functor : public simple_functor_base
-    {
-
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::norm_linf(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::amax<value_type>(xt::abs(input), axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E, class MR>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result,MR & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::norm_l1(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::abs(input), axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E>
+            struct norm_l2_functor
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                xt::noalias(result) = xt::maximum(block_result, result);
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-
-    template<class T_E>
-    class norm_lp_to_p_functor
-    {
-    public:
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::norm_lp_to_p(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>(), 1.0
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-        norm_lp_to_p_functor(double p)
-        : m_p(p)
-        {
-        }
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::pow(input, m_p), axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class E>
-        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
-        {
-            return  empty_reduction_variable();
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::norm_l2(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::square(input), axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class E>
+                auto reduction_variable(const E&) const
+                {
+                    return empty_reduction_variable();
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, empty_reduction_variable&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                template <class E, class R>
+                void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable&, E& results, const R&) const
+                {
+                    xt::noalias(results) = xt::sqrt(results);
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E>
+            struct norm_sq_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::norm_sq(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::square(input), axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E>
+            struct norm_linf_functor : public simple_functor_base
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-
-        template<class E, class R>
-        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & , const R & ) const
-        {
-        }
-    private:
-
-        double m_p;
-    };
-
-
-    template<class T_E>
-    class norm_lp_functor
-    {
-    public:
-        norm_lp_functor(double p)
-        : m_p(p)
-        {
-        }
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(
-            xt::norm_lp(
-                std::declval<xarray<T_E>>(), 1.0
-            )
-        )>::value_type;
-
-
-        template<class E, class A, class O>
-        auto compute(const E & input, const A & axes, const O & options) const
-        {
-            return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::pow(input, m_p), axes, options);
-        }
-
-        template<class E>
-        auto reduction_variable(const E &) const
-        {
-            return  empty_reduction_variable();
-        }
-
-        template<class BR, class E>
-        auto merge(const BR & block_result, bool first, E & result, empty_reduction_variable & ) const
-        {
-            if(first)
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::norm_linf(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>()))>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::amax<value_type>(xt::abs(input), axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E, class MR>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, MR&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = xt::maximum(block_result, result);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E>
+            class norm_lp_to_p_functor
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
-            }
-            else
+            public:
+
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<
+                    decltype(xt::norm_lp_to_p(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>(), 1.0))>::value_type;
+
+                norm_lp_to_p_functor(double p)
+                    : m_p(p)
+                {
+                }
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::pow(input, m_p), axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class E>
+                auto reduction_variable(const E&) const
+                {
+                    return empty_reduction_variable();
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, empty_reduction_variable&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                template <class E, class R>
+                void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable&, E&, const R&) const
+                {
+                }
+
+            private:
+
+                double m_p;
+            };
+
+            template <class T_E>
+            class norm_lp_functor
             {
-                xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
-            }
-        }
-
-        template<class E, class R>
-        void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable &, E & results, const R & ) const
-        {
-            results = xt::pow(results, 1.0/m_p);
-        }
-    private:
-
-        double m_p;
-    };
-
-
-}
-}
+            public:
+
+                norm_lp_functor(double p)
+                    : m_p(p)
+                {
+                }
+
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(xt::norm_lp(std::declval<xarray<T_E>>(), 1.0)
+                )>::value_type;
+
+                template <class E, class A, class O>
+                auto compute(const E& input, const A& axes, const O& options) const
+                {
+                    return xt::sum<value_type>(xt::pow(input, m_p), axes, options);
+                }
+
+                template <class E>
+                auto reduction_variable(const E&) const
+                {
+                    return empty_reduction_variable();
+                }
+
+                template <class BR, class E>
+                auto merge(const BR& block_result, bool first, E& result, empty_reduction_variable&) const
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) = block_result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(result) += block_result;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                template <class E, class R>
+                void finalize(const empty_reduction_variable&, E& results, const R&) const
+                {
+                    results = xt::pow(results, 1.0 / m_p);
+                }
+
+            private:
+
+                double m_p;
+            };
+
+
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
index 4f2352285..9aa71a472 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_BROADCAST_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_BROADCAST_HPP
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class CT, class X>
-        struct xbroadcast_base
-            : xbroadcast_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, X>
+        struct xbroadcast_base : xbroadcast_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, X>
         {
         };
 
@@ -285,10 +284,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class X>
     template <class CTA>
     inline xbroadcast<CT, X>::xbroadcast(CTA&& e, shape_type&& s)
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)), m_shape(std::move(s))
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
+        , m_shape(std::move(s))
     {
         xt::broadcast_shape(m_e.shape(), m_shape);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -386,6 +387,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -414,10 +416,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline bool xbroadcast<CT, X>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept
     {
-        return this->dimension() == m_e.dimension() &&
-            std::equal(m_shape.cbegin(), m_shape.cend(), m_e.shape().cbegin()) &&
-            m_e.has_linear_assign(strides);
+        return this->dimension() == m_e.dimension()
+               && std::equal(m_shape.cbegin(), m_shape.cend(), m_e.shape().cbegin())
+               && m_e.has_linear_assign(strides);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class X>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
index a39347edc..368da5867 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_BUFFER_ADAPTOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_BUFFER_ADAPTOR_HPP
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -53,13 +53,15 @@ namespace xt
             using destructor_type = allocator_type;
             using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>;
             using value_type = typename allocator_traits::value_type;
-            using reference = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  const value_type&,
-                                  value_type&>;
+            using reference = std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
+                const value_type&,
+                value_type&>;
             using const_reference = const value_type&;
-            using pointer = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
-                                  typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
+            using pointer = std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
+                typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
+                typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
             using const_pointer = typename allocator_traits::const_pointer;
             using size_type = typename allocator_traits::size_type;
             using difference_type = typename allocator_traits::difference_type;
@@ -96,13 +98,15 @@ namespace xt
             using value_type = std::remove_const_t<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>;
             using allocator_type = std::allocator<value_type>;
             using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>;
-            using reference = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  const value_type&,
-                                  value_type&>;
+            using reference = std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
+                const value_type&,
+                value_type&>;
             using const_reference = const value_type&;
-            using pointer = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
-                                  typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
+            using pointer = std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
+                typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
+                typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
             using const_pointer = typename allocator_traits::const_pointer;
             using size_type = typename allocator_traits::size_type;
             using difference_type = typename allocator_traits::difference_type;
@@ -140,13 +144,15 @@ namespace xt
             using destructor_type = allocator_type;
             using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>;
             using value_type = typename allocator_traits::value_type;
-            using reference = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  const value_type&,
-                                  value_type&>;
+            using reference = std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
+                const value_type&,
+                value_type&>;
             using const_reference = const value_type&;
-            using pointer = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
-                                  typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
-                                  typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
+            using pointer = std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_const<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<CP>>>::value,
+                typename allocator_traits::const_pointer,
+                typename allocator_traits::pointer>;
             using const_pointer = typename allocator_traits::const_pointer;
             using size_type = typename allocator_traits::size_type;
             using difference_type = typename allocator_traits::difference_type;
@@ -204,8 +210,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         // check if operator() is available
         template <class E>
-        struct is_lambda_type<E, msvc2015_void_t<decltype(&E::operator())>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_lambda_type<E, msvc2015_void_t<decltype(&E::operator())>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
@@ -214,12 +219,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using type = T;
         };
+
         template <class CP, class A, class O>
         struct get_buffer_storage
         {
-            using type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<is_lambda_type<A>,
-                                             self_type<xbuffer_smart_pointer<CP, A>>,
-                                             self_type<xbuffer_storage<CP, A>>>;
+            using type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+                is_lambda_type<A>,
+                self_type<xbuffer_smart_pointer<CP, A>>,
+                self_type<xbuffer_storage<CP, A>>>;
         };
 
         template <class CP, class A>
@@ -315,28 +322,22 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class D>
-    bool operator==(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                    const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
+    bool operator==(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
 
     template <class D>
-    bool operator!=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                    const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
+    bool operator!=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
 
     template <class D>
-    bool operator<(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                   const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
+    bool operator<(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
 
     template <class D>
-    bool operator<=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                    const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
+    bool operator<=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
 
     template <class D>
-    bool operator>(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                   const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
+    bool operator>(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
 
     template <class D>
-    bool operator>=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                    const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
+    bool operator>=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs);
 
     /*******************
      * xbuffer_adaptor *
@@ -398,16 +399,15 @@ namespace xt
 
         self_type& operator=(temporary_type&&);
 
-        using base_type::size;
-        using base_type::resize;
         using base_type::data;
-        using base_type::swap;
         using base_type::reset_data;
+        using base_type::resize;
+        using base_type::size;
+        using base_type::swap;
     };
 
     template <class CP, class O, class A>
-    void swap(xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& lhs,
-              xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& rhs) noexcept;
+    void swap(xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& lhs, xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& rhs) noexcept;
 
     /*********************
      * xiterator_adaptor *
@@ -422,14 +422,12 @@ namespace xt
         using traits = std::iterator_traits<I>;
         using const_traits = std::iterator_traits<CI>;
 
-        using value_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::value_type,
-                                              typename const_traits::value_type>;
+        using value_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::value_type, typename const_traits::value_type>;
         using reference = typename traits::reference;
         using const_reference = typename const_traits::reference;
         using pointer = typename traits::pointer;
         using const_pointer = typename const_traits::pointer;
-        using difference_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::difference_type,
-                                                   typename const_traits::difference_type>;
+        using difference_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::difference_type, typename const_traits::difference_type>;
         using size_type = std::make_unsigned_t<difference_type>;
 
         using iterator = I;
@@ -483,12 +481,10 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class I, class CI>
-    void swap(xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& lhs,
-              xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& rhs) noexcept;
+    void swap(xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& lhs, xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& rhs) noexcept;
 
     template <class I, class CI>
-    struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>>
-        : is_contiguous_container<I>
+    struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>> : is_contiguous_container<I>
     {
     };
 
@@ -510,14 +506,12 @@ namespace xt
         using traits = std::iterator_traits<iterator>;
         using const_traits = std::iterator_traits<const_iterator>;
 
-        using value_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::value_type,
-                                              typename const_traits::value_type>;
+        using value_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::value_type, typename const_traits::value_type>;
         using reference = typename traits::reference;
         using const_reference = typename const_traits::reference;
         using pointer = typename traits::pointer;
         using const_pointer = typename const_traits::pointer;
-        using difference_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::difference_type,
-                                                   typename const_traits::difference_type>;
+        using difference_type = std::common_type_t<typename traits::difference_type, typename const_traits::difference_type>;
         using size_type = std::make_unsigned_t<difference_type>;
         using index_type = difference_type;
     };
@@ -568,8 +562,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class C, class IG>
-    void swap(xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& lhs,
-              xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& rhs) noexcept;
+    void swap(xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& lhs, xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& rhs) noexcept;
 
     template <class C, class IG>
     struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>>
@@ -623,14 +616,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         template <class CP, class A>
         inline xbuffer_storage<CP, A>::xbuffer_storage()
-            : p_data(nullptr), m_size(0)
+            : p_data(nullptr)
+            , m_size(0)
         {
         }
 
         template <class CP, class A>
         template <class P>
         inline xbuffer_storage<CP, A>::xbuffer_storage(P&& data, size_type size, const allocator_type&)
-            : p_data(std::forward<P>(data)), m_size(size)
+            : p_data(std::forward<P>(data))
+            , m_size(size)
         {
         }
 
@@ -687,7 +682,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class CP, class A>
         template <class P>
         inline xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A>::xbuffer_owner_storage(P&& data, size_type size, const allocator_type& alloc)
-            : m_data(std::forward<P>(data)), m_size(size), m_moved_from(false), m_allocator(alloc)
+            : m_data(std::forward<P>(data))
+            , m_size(size)
+            , m_moved_from(false)
+            , m_allocator(alloc)
         {
         }
 
@@ -707,7 +705,9 @@ namespace xt
             using std::swap;
             if (this != &rhs)
             {
-                allocator_type al = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator());
+                allocator_type al = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(
+                    rhs.get_allocator()
+                );
                 pointer tmp = safe_init_allocate(al, rhs.m_size);
                 if (xtrivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
                 {
@@ -727,7 +727,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class CP, class A>
         inline xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A>::xbuffer_owner_storage(self_type&& rhs)
-            : m_data(std::move(rhs.m_data)), m_size(std::move(rhs.m_size)), m_moved_from(std::move(rhs.m_moved_from)), m_allocator(std::move(rhs.m_allocator))
+            : m_data(std::move(rhs.m_data))
+            , m_size(std::move(rhs.m_size))
+            , m_moved_from(std::move(rhs.m_moved_from))
+            , m_allocator(std::move(rhs.m_allocator))
         {
             rhs.m_moved_from = true;
             rhs.m_size = 0;
@@ -788,7 +791,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class CP, class A>
         template <class P>
-        inline void xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A>::reset_data(P&& data, size_type size, const allocator_type& alloc) noexcept
+        inline void
+        xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A>::reset_data(P&& data, size_type size, const allocator_type& alloc) noexcept
         {
             xbuffer_owner_storage<CP, A> tmp(std::forward<P>(data), size, alloc);
             this->swap(tmp);
@@ -804,7 +808,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class CP, class D>
         template <class P, class DT>
         xbuffer_smart_pointer<CP, D>::xbuffer_smart_pointer(P&& data_ptr, size_type size, DT&& destruct)
-            : p_data(data_ptr), m_size(size), m_destruct(std::forward<DT>(destruct))
+            : p_data(data_ptr)
+            , m_size(size)
+            , m_destruct(std::forward<DT>(destruct))
         {
         }
 
@@ -828,6 +834,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             return p_data;
         }
+
         template <class CP, class D>
         auto xbuffer_smart_pointer<CP, D>::data() const noexcept -> const_pointer
         {
@@ -906,7 +913,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>::end() noexcept-> iterator
+    inline auto xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>::end() noexcept -> iterator
     {
         return derived_cast().data() + static_cast<index_type>(derived_cast().size());
     }
@@ -936,7 +943,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>::rbegin() noexcept-> reverse_iterator
+    inline auto xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>::rbegin() noexcept -> reverse_iterator
     {
         return reverse_iterator(end());
     }
@@ -984,53 +991,64 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline bool operator==(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                           const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
+    inline bool operator==(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
     {
-        return lhs.derived_cast().size() == rhs.derived_cast().size() && std::equal(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin());
+        return lhs.derived_cast().size() == rhs.derived_cast().size()
+               && std::equal(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline bool operator!=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                           const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
+    inline bool operator!=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
     {
         return !(lhs == rhs);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline bool operator<(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                          const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
-    {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
-                                            rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
-                                            std::less<typename D::value_type>());
+    inline bool operator<(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
+    {
+        return std::lexicographical_compare(
+            lhs.begin(),
+            lhs.end(),
+            rhs.begin(),
+            rhs.end(),
+            std::less<typename D::value_type>()
+        );
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline bool operator<=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                           const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
-    {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
-                                            rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
-                                            std::less_equal<typename D::value_type>());
+    inline bool operator<=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
+    {
+        return std::lexicographical_compare(
+            lhs.begin(),
+            lhs.end(),
+            rhs.begin(),
+            rhs.end(),
+            std::less_equal<typename D::value_type>()
+        );
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline bool operator>(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                          const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
-    {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
-                                            rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
-                                            std::greater<typename D::value_type>());
+    inline bool operator>(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
+    {
+        return std::lexicographical_compare(
+            lhs.begin(),
+            lhs.end(),
+            rhs.begin(),
+            rhs.end(),
+            std::greater<typename D::value_type>()
+        );
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline bool operator>=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs,
-                           const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
-    {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
-                                            rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
-                                            std::greater_equal<typename D::value_type>());
+    inline bool operator>=(const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& lhs, const xbuffer_adaptor_base<D>& rhs)
+    {
+        return std::lexicographical_compare(
+            lhs.begin(),
+            lhs.end(),
+            rhs.begin(),
+            rhs.end(),
+            std::greater_equal<typename D::value_type>()
+        );
     }
 
     /**********************************
@@ -1046,8 +1064,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CP, class O, class A>
-    inline void swap(xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& lhs,
-                     xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& rhs) noexcept
+    inline void swap(xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& lhs, xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>& rhs) noexcept
     {
         lhs.swap(rhs);
     }
@@ -1058,7 +1075,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class I, class CI>
     inline xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>::xiterator_adaptor(I it, CI cit, size_type size)
-        : m_it(it), m_cit(cit), m_size(size)
+        : m_it(it)
+        , m_cit(cit)
+        , m_size(size)
     {
     }
 
@@ -1113,8 +1132,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class I, class CI>
-    inline void swap(xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& lhs,
-                     xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& rhs) noexcept
+    inline void swap(xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& lhs, xiterator_adaptor<I, CI>& rhs) noexcept
     {
         lhs.swap(rhs);
     }
@@ -1188,13 +1206,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C, class IG>
-    inline auto xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>:: data() noexcept -> iterator
+    inline auto xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>::data() noexcept -> iterator
     {
         return m_it;
     }
 
     template <class C, class IG>
-    inline auto xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>:: data() const noexcept -> const_iterator
+    inline auto xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>::data() const noexcept -> const_iterator
     {
         return m_cit;
     }
@@ -1217,8 +1235,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C, class IG>
-    inline void swap(xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& lhs,
-                     xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& rhs) noexcept
+    inline void swap(xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& lhs, xiterator_owner_adaptor<C, IG>& rhs) noexcept
     {
         lhs.swap(rhs);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 340324520..596bfe804 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 /**
  * @brief standard mathematical functions for xexpressions
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class I, std::size_t N>
-    inline xtensor<T, N, L> empty(const I(&shape)[N])
+    inline xtensor<T, N, L> empty(const I (&shape)[N])
     {
         using shape_type = typename xtensor<T, N>::shape_type;
         return xtensor<T, N, L>(xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
@@ -210,13 +210,13 @@ namespace xt
             using size_type = decltype(buf.size());
             using mult_type = get_mult_type<U, X>;
             size_type num = buf.size();
-            for(size_type i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+            for (size_type i = 0; i < num; ++i)
             {
                 buf[i] = static_cast<R>(start + step * mult_type(i));
             }
             if (endpoint && num > 1)
             {
-                buf[num-1] = static_cast<R>(stop);
+                buf[num - 1] = static_cast<R>(stop);
             }
         }
 
@@ -228,8 +228,12 @@ namespace xt
             using value_type = R;
             using step_type = S;
 
-            arange_generator(T start, T stop, S step, size_t num_steps, bool endpoint=false)
-                : m_start(start), m_stop(stop), m_step(step), m_num_steps(num_steps), m_endpoint(endpoint)
+            arange_generator(T start, T stop, S step, size_t num_steps, bool endpoint = false)
+                : m_start(start)
+                , m_stop(stop)
+                , m_step(step)
+                , m_num_steps(num_steps)
+                , m_endpoint(endpoint)
             {
             }
 
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ namespace xt
             T m_stop;
             step_type m_step;
             size_t m_num_steps;
-            bool m_endpoint; // true for setting the last element to m_stop
+            bool m_endpoint;  // true for setting the last element to m_stop
 
             template <class T1, class... Args>
             inline R access_impl(T1 t, Args...) const
@@ -298,7 +302,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             bool empty_cond = (stop - start) / step <= 0;
             std::size_t shape = 0;
-            if(!empty_cond)
+            if (!empty_cond)
             {
                 shape = stop > start ? static_cast<std::size_t>((stop - start + step - S(1)) / step)
                                      : static_cast<std::size_t>((start - stop - step - S(1)) / -step);
@@ -315,7 +319,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 shape = static_cast<std::size_t>((stop - start + step - S(1)) / step);
             }
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step, shape), { shape });
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<T, T, S>(start, stop, step, shape), {shape});
         }
 
         template <class F>
@@ -353,6 +357,7 @@ namespace xt
         private:
 
             F m_ft;
+
             template <class It>
             inline value_type access_impl(const It& begin, const It& end) const
             {
@@ -456,7 +461,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using fp_type = std::common_type_t<T, double>;
         fp_type step = fp_type(stop - start) / std::fmax(fp_type(1), fp_type(num_samples - (endpoint ? 1 : 0)));
-        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::arange_generator<fp_type, T>(fp_type(start), fp_type(stop), step, num_samples, endpoint), {num_samples});
+        return detail::make_xgenerator(
+            detail::arange_generator<fp_type, T>(fp_type(start), fp_type(stop), step, num_samples, endpoint),
+            {num_samples}
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -575,7 +583,8 @@ namespace xt
             using value_type = xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::value_type...>;
 
             inline concatenate_invoker(tuple_type&& t, size_type axis)
-                : m_t(std::move(t)), m_axis(axis)
+                : m_t(std::move(t))
+                , m_axis(axis)
             {
             }
 
@@ -619,7 +628,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             template <class CTA>
             repeat_impl(CTA&& source, size_type axis)
-                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source)), m_axis(axis)
+                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source))
+                , m_axis(axis)
             {
             }
 
@@ -653,7 +663,8 @@ namespace xt
         return std::tuple<xtl::const_closure_type_t<Types>...>(std::forward<Types>(args)...);
     }
 
-    namespace detail {
+    namespace detail
+    {
         template <bool... values>
         using all_true = xtl::conjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, values>...>;
 
@@ -665,11 +676,13 @@ namespace xt
         {
             static_assert(X::size() == Y::size(), "Concatenation requires equisized shapes");
             static_assert(axis < X::size(), "Concatenation requires a valid axis");
-            static_assert(all_true<(axis == Is || X::template get<Is>() == Y::template get<Is>())...>::value,
-                          "Concatenation requires compatible shapes and axis");
+            static_assert(
+                all_true<(axis == Is || X::template get<Is>() == Y::template get<Is>())...>::value,
+                "Concatenation requires compatible shapes and axis"
+            );
 
-            using type = fixed_shape<(axis == Is ? X::template get<Is>() + Y::template get<Is>()
-                                                 : X::template get<Is>())...>;
+            using type = fixed_shape<
+                (axis == Is ? X::template get<Is>() + Y::template get<Is>() : X::template get<Is>())...>;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t axis, class X, class Y, class... Rest>
@@ -714,25 +727,30 @@ namespace xt
             template <class... Args>
             static auto build(const std::tuple<Args...>& t, std::size_t axis)
             {
-                using shape_type = promote_shape_t<typename concat_shape<typename std::decay_t<Args>::shape_type>::type...>;
+                using shape_type = promote_shape_t<
+                    typename concat_shape<typename std::decay_t<Args>::shape_type>::type...>;
                 using source_shape_type = decltype(std::get<0>(t).shape());
-                shape_type new_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, source_shape_type>(std::get<0>(t).shape());
+                shape_type new_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, source_shape_type>(
+                    std::get<0>(t).shape()
+                );
 
-                auto check_shape = [&axis, &new_shape](auto& arr) {
+                auto check_shape = [&axis, &new_shape](auto& arr)
+                {
                     std::size_t s = new_shape.size();
                     bool res = s == arr.dimension();
-                    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < s; ++i)
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < s; ++i)
                     {
                         res = res && (i == axis || new_shape[i] == arr.shape(i));
                     }
-                    if(!res)
+                    if (!res)
                     {
                         throw_concatenate_error(new_shape, arr.shape());
                     }
                 };
                 for_each(check_shape, t);
 
-                auto shape_at_axis = [&axis](std::size_t prev, auto& arr) -> std::size_t {
+                auto shape_at_axis = [&axis](std::size_t prev, auto& arr) -> std::size_t
+                {
                     return prev + arr.shape()[axis];
                 };
                 new_shape[axis] += accumulate(shape_at_axis, std::size_t(0), t) - new_shape[axis];
@@ -741,7 +759,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
         };
 
-    } // namespace detail
+    }  // namespace detail
 
     /***************
      * concatenate *
@@ -770,7 +788,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <std::size_t axis, class... CT, typename = std::enable_if_t<detail::all_fixed_shapes<CT...>::value>>
-    inline auto concatenate(std::tuple<CT...> &&t)
+    inline auto concatenate(std::tuple<CT...>&& t)
     {
         using shape_type = detail::concat_fixed_shape_t<axis, typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type...>;
         return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::concatenate_impl<CT...>(std::move(t), axis), shape_type{});
@@ -820,7 +838,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using shape_type = promote_shape_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type...>;
         using source_shape_type = decltype(std::get<0>(t).shape());
-        auto new_shape = detail::add_axis(xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, source_shape_type>(std::get<0>(t).shape()), axis, sizeof...(CT));
+        auto new_shape = detail::add_axis(
+            xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, source_shape_type>(std::get<0>(t).shape()),
+            axis,
+            sizeof...(CT)
+        );
         return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::stack_impl<CT...>(std::move(t), axis), new_shape);
     }
 
@@ -846,16 +868,16 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto vstack_shape(std::tuple<CT...>& t, const S& shape)
         {
             using size_type = typename S::value_type;
-            auto res = shape.size() == size_type(1) ?
-                S({sizeof...(CT), shape[0]}) :
-                concat_shape_builder_t::build(std::move(t), size_type(0));
+            auto res = shape.size() == size_type(1)
+                           ? S({sizeof...(CT), shape[0]})
+                           : concat_shape_builder_t::build(std::move(t), size_type(0));
             return res;
         }
 
         template <class T, class... CT>
         inline auto vstack_shape(const std::tuple<CT...>&, std::array<T, 1> shape)
         {
-            std::array<T, 2> res = { sizeof...(CT), shape[0] };
+            std::array<T, 2> res = {sizeof...(CT), shape[0]};
             return res;
         }
     }
@@ -873,7 +895,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using shape_type = promote_shape_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type...>;
         using source_shape_type = decltype(std::get<0>(t).shape());
-        auto new_shape = detail::vstack_shape(t, xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, source_shape_type>(std::get<0>(t).shape()));
+        auto new_shape = detail::vstack_shape(
+            t,
+            xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, source_shape_type>(std::get<0>(t).shape())
+        );
         return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::vstack_impl<CT...>(std::move(t), size_t(0)), new_shape);
     }
 
@@ -886,18 +911,13 @@ namespace xt
 #if defined _MSC_VER
             const std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(E)> shape = {e.shape()[0]...};
             return std::make_tuple(
-                detail::make_xgenerator(
-                    detail::repeat_impl<xclosure_t<E>>(std::forward<E>(e), I),
-                    shape
-                )...
+                detail::make_xgenerator(detail::repeat_impl<xclosure_t<E>>(std::forward<E>(e), I), shape)...
             );
 #else
-            return std::make_tuple(
-                detail::make_xgenerator(
-                    detail::repeat_impl<xclosure_t<E>>(std::forward<E>(e), I),
-                    {e.shape()[0]...}
-                )...
-            );
+            return std::make_tuple(detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::repeat_impl<xclosure_t<E>>(std::forward<E>(e), I),
+                {e.shape()[0]...}
+            )...);
 #endif
         }
     }
@@ -928,7 +948,10 @@ namespace xt
 
             template <class CTA>
             diagonal_fn(CTA&& source, int offset, std::size_t axis_1, std::size_t axis_2)
-                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source)), m_offset(offset), m_axis_1(axis_1), m_axis_2(axis_2)
+                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source))
+                , m_offset(offset)
+                , m_axis_1(axis_1)
+                , m_axis_2(axis_2)
             {
             }
 
@@ -953,7 +976,7 @@ namespace xt
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    idx[m_axis_1] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*(begin) - uoffset);
+                    idx[m_axis_1] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*(begin) -uoffset);
                     idx[m_axis_2] = static_cast<std::size_t>(*(begin));
                 }
                 return m_source[idx];
@@ -977,7 +1000,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             template <class CTA>
             diag_fn(CTA&& source, int k)
-                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source)), m_k(k)
+                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source))
+                , m_k(k)
             {
             }
 
@@ -1013,7 +1037,9 @@ namespace xt
 
             template <class CTA>
             trilu_fn(CTA&& source, int k, Comp comp)
-                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source)), m_k(k), m_comp(comp)
+                : m_source(std::forward<CTA>(source))
+                , m_k(k)
+                , m_comp(comp)
             {
             }
 
@@ -1021,7 +1047,9 @@ namespace xt
             inline value_type operator()(It begin, It end) const
             {
                 // have to cast to signed int otherwise -1 can lead to overflow
-                return m_comp(signed_idx_type(*begin) + m_k, signed_idx_type(*(begin + 1))) ? m_source.element(begin, end) : value_type(0);
+                return m_comp(signed_idx_type(*begin) + m_k, signed_idx_type(*(begin + 1)))
+                           ? m_source.element(begin, end)
+                           : value_type(0);
             }
 
         private:
@@ -1102,8 +1130,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         ret_shape.back() = diag_size;
 
-        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::fn_impl<detail::diagonal_fn<CT>>(detail::diagonal_fn<CT>(std::forward<E>(arr), offset, axis_1, axis_2)),
-                                       ret_shape);
+        return detail::make_xgenerator(
+            detail::fn_impl<detail::diagonal_fn<CT>>(
+                detail::diagonal_fn<CT>(std::forward<E>(arr), offset, axis_1, axis_2)
+            ),
+            ret_shape
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1126,8 +1158,10 @@ namespace xt
         using CT = xclosure_t<E>;
         std::size_t sk = std::size_t(std::abs(k));
         std::size_t s = arr.shape()[0] + sk;
-        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::fn_impl<detail::diag_fn<CT>>(detail::diag_fn<CT>(std::forward<E>(arr), k)),
-                                       {s, s});
+        return detail::make_xgenerator(
+            detail::fn_impl<detail::diag_fn<CT>>(detail::diag_fn<CT>(std::forward<E>(arr), k)),
+            {s, s}
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1144,9 +1178,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using CT = xclosure_t<E>;
         auto shape = arr.shape();
-        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::fn_impl<detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::greater_equal<long int>>>(
-                                           detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::greater_equal<long int>>(std::forward<E>(arr), k, std::greater_equal<long int>())),
-                                       shape);
+        return detail::make_xgenerator(
+            detail::fn_impl<detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::greater_equal<long int>>>(
+                detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::greater_equal<long int>>(
+                    std::forward<E>(arr),
+                    k,
+                    std::greater_equal<long int>()
+                )
+            ),
+            shape
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1163,9 +1204,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using CT = xclosure_t<E>;
         auto shape = arr.shape();
-        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::fn_impl<detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::less_equal<long int>>>(
-                                           detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::less_equal<long int>>(std::forward<E>(arr), k, std::less_equal<long int>())),
-                                       shape);
+        return detail::make_xgenerator(
+            detail::fn_impl<detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::less_equal<long int>>>(
+                detail::trilu_fn<CT, std::less_equal<long int>>(std::forward<E>(arr), k, std::less_equal<long int>())
+            ),
+            shape
+        );
     }
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 8163343fa..1ea1624a1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ARRAY_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ARRAY_HPP
 
-#include <vector>
 #include <array>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xchunked_assign.hpp"
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class chunk_storage>
-    class xchunked_array: public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
-                          public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
-                          public xchunked_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
+    class xchunked_array : public xaccessible<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
+                           public xiterable<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>,
+                           public xchunked_semantic<xchunked_array<chunk_storage>>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -85,7 +85,12 @@ namespace xt
         using const_chunk_iterator = xchunk_iterator<const self_type>;
 
         template <class S>
-        xchunked_array(chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+        xchunked_array(
+            chunk_storage_type&& chunks,
+            S&& shape,
+            S&& chunk_shape,
+            layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT
+        );
         ~xchunked_array() = default;
 
         xchunked_array(const xchunked_array&) = default;
@@ -95,10 +100,19 @@ namespace xt
         xchunked_array& operator=(xchunked_array&&) = default;
 
         template <class E>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e , chunk_storage_type&& chunks, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+        xchunked_array(
+            const xexpression<E>& e,
+            chunk_storage_type&& chunks,
+            layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT
+        );
 
         template <class E, class S>
-        xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, chunk_storage_type&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+        xchunked_array(
+            const xexpression<E>& e,
+            chunk_storage_type&& chunks,
+            S&& chunk_shape,
+            layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT
+        );
 
         template <class E>
         xchunked_array& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
@@ -154,7 +168,8 @@ namespace xt
     private:
 
         template <class... Idxs>
-        using indexes_type = std::pair<std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>>;
+        using indexes_type = std::
+            pair<std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>, std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Idxs)>>;
 
         template <class... Idxs>
         using chunk_indexes_type = std::array<std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t>, sizeof...(Idxs)>;
@@ -177,7 +192,7 @@ namespace xt
         chunk_indexes_type<Idxs...> get_chunk_indexes(std::index_sequence<dims...>, Idxs... idxs) const;
 
         template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        static_indexes_type<N> unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const;
+        static_indexes_type<N> unpack(const std::array<T, N>& arr) const;
 
         template <class It>
         dynamic_indexes_type get_indexes_dynamic(It first, It last) const;
@@ -187,10 +202,10 @@ namespace xt
         chunk_storage_type m_chunks;
     };
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>& e);
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked();
 
     /**
@@ -207,13 +222,19 @@ namespace xt
      * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
      * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
      *
-     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` with the given shape, chunk shape and memory layout.
+     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` with the given shape, chunk shape and memory
+     * layout.
      */
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>>
+    chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
     template <class T, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(
+        std::initializer_list<S> shape,
+        std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape,
+        layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT
+    );
 
     /**
      * Creates an in-memory chunked array.
@@ -228,7 +249,8 @@ namespace xt
      * @param chunk_shape The shape of a chunk
      * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
      *
-     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the given chunk shape and memory layout.
+     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the given chunk
+     * shape and memory layout.
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class E, class S>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
@@ -246,11 +268,12 @@ namespace xt
      * @param e The expression to initialize the chunked array from
      * @param chunk_memory_layout The layout of each chunk (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
      *
-     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the expression's chunk shape and the given memory layout.
+     * @return returns a ``xt::xchunked_array<xt::xarray<T>>`` from the given expression, with the
+     * expression's chunk shape and the given memory layout.
      */
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class E>
     xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<typename E::value_type>>>
-    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>&e, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
+    chunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, layout_type chunk_memory_layout = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT);
 
     /*******************************
      * chunk_helper implementation *
@@ -266,16 +289,18 @@ namespace xt
         struct chunk_helper_impl
         {
             using is_chunked = std::false_type;
+
             static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
             {
                 return e.derived_cast().shape();
             }
 
             template <class S1, class S2>
-            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+            static void
+            resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
             {
                 chunks.resize(container_shape);
-                for(auto& c: chunks)
+                for (auto& c : chunks)
                 {
                     c.resize(chunk_shape, chunk_memory_layout);
                 }
@@ -286,13 +311,15 @@ namespace xt
         struct chunk_helper_impl<E, OP, void_t<OP<E>>>
         {
             using is_chunked = std::true_type;
+
             static const auto& chunk_shape(const xexpression<E>& e)
             {
                 return e.derived_cast().chunk_shape();
             }
 
             template <class S1, class S2>
-            static void resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& /*chunk_shape*/, layout_type /*chunk_memory_layout*/)
+            static void
+            resize(E& chunks, const S1& container_shape, const S2& /*chunk_shape*/, layout_type /*chunk_memory_layout*/)
             {
                 chunks.resize(container_shape);
             }
@@ -302,13 +329,13 @@ namespace xt
         using chunk_helper = chunk_helper_impl<E, try_chunk_shape>;
     }
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked(const xexpression<E>&)
     {
         return is_chunked<E>();
     }
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     constexpr bool is_chunked()
     {
         using return_type = typename detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked;
@@ -316,14 +343,21 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, layout_type L, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    inline xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>>
+    chunked_array(S&& shape, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         using chunk_storage = xarray<xarray<T, L>>;
-        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(chunk_storage(), std::forward<S>(shape), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
+        return xchunked_array<chunk_storage>(
+            chunk_storage(),
+            std::forward<S>(shape),
+            std::forward<S>(chunk_shape),
+            chunk_memory_layout
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T, layout_type L, class S>
-    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>> chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<T>>>
+    chunked_array(std::initializer_list<S> shape, std::initializer_list<S> chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
     {
         using sh_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
         auto sh = xtl::forward_sequence<sh_type, std::initializer_list<S>>(shape);
@@ -368,7 +402,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS>
     template <class E, class S>
-    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(const xexpression<E>& e, CS&& chunks, S&& chunk_shape, layout_type chunk_memory_layout)
+    inline xchunked_array<CS>::xchunked_array(
+        const xexpression<E>& e,
+        CS&& chunks,
+        S&& chunk_shape,
+        layout_type chunk_memory_layout
+    )
         : m_chunks(std::move(chunks))
     {
         resize(e.derived_cast().shape(), std::forward<S>(chunk_shape), chunk_memory_layout);
@@ -556,7 +595,6 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::chunk_cend() const -> const_chunk_iterator
     {
         return chunk_end();
-
     }
 
     template <class CS>
@@ -565,16 +603,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension (shape_of_chunks)
         std::vector<std::size_t> shape_of_chunks(shape.size());
-        std::transform
-        (
-            shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(),
+        std::transform(
+            shape.cbegin(),
+            shape.cend(),
             chunk_shape.cbegin(),
             shape_of_chunks.begin(),
             [](auto s, auto cs)
             {
                 std::size_t cn = s / cs;
                 if (s % cs > 0)
-                    cn += std::size_t(1); // edge_chunk
+                    cn += std::size_t(1);  // edge_chunk
                 return cn;
             }
         );
@@ -595,7 +633,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS>
     template <class Idx>
-    inline std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t> xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(std::size_t dim, Idx idx) const
+    inline std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t>
+    xchunked_array<CS>::get_chunk_indexes_in_dimension(std::size_t dim, Idx idx) const
     {
         std::size_t index_of_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) / m_chunk_shape[dim];
         std::size_t index_in_chunk = static_cast<size_t>(idx) - index_of_chunk * m_chunk_shape[dim];
@@ -613,7 +652,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CS>
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::unpack(const std::array<T, N> &arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
+    inline auto xchunked_array<CS>::unpack(const std::array<T, N>& arr) const -> static_indexes_type<N>
     {
         std::array<std::size_t, N> arr0;
         std::array<std::size_t, N> arr1;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
index a56a7b059..3ed1e5c8c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ASSIGN_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ASSIGN_HPP
@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@ namespace xt
         {
         };
 
-        struct invalid_chunk_iterator {};
+        struct invalid_chunk_iterator
+        {
+        };
 
         template <class A>
         struct xchunk_iterator_array
@@ -122,7 +124,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class V>
         struct xchunk_iterator_view
         {
-            using reference = decltype(xt::strided_view(std::declval<V>().expression(), std::declval<xstrided_slice_vector>()));
+            using reference = decltype(xt::strided_view(
+                std::declval<V>().expression(),
+                std::declval<xstrided_slice_vector>()
+            ));
 
             inline auto get_chunk(V& view, typename V::size_type, const xstrided_slice_vector& sv) const
             {
@@ -130,14 +135,12 @@ namespace xt
             }
         };
 
-
         template <class T>
         struct xchunk_iterator_base
-            : std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_array<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
-                                 xchunk_iterator_array<T>,
-                                 std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_view<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
-                                                    xchunk_iterator_view<T>,
-                                                    invalid_chunk_iterator>>
+            : std::conditional_t<
+                  is_xchunked_array<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
+                  xchunk_iterator_array<T>,
+                  std::conditional_t<is_xchunked_view<std::decay_t<T>>::value, xchunk_iterator_view<T>, invalid_chunk_iterator>>
         {
         };
     }
@@ -161,9 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
 
 
         xchunk_iterator() = default;
-        xchunk_iterator(E& chunked_expression,
-                        shape_type&& chunk_index,
-                        size_type chunk_linear_index);
+        xchunk_iterator(E& chunked_expression, shape_type&& chunk_index, size_type chunk_linear_index);
 
         self_type& operator++();
         self_type operator++(int);
@@ -228,8 +229,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::computed_assign(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
         D& d = this->derived_cast();
-        if (e.derived_cast().dimension() > d.dimension()
-            || e.derived_cast().shape() > d.shape())
+        if (e.derived_cast().dimension() > d.dimension() || e.derived_cast().shape() > d.shape())
         {
             return operator=(e);
         }
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class F>
     inline auto xchunked_semantic<D>::scalar_computed_assign(const E& e, F&& f) -> derived_type&
     {
-        for (auto& c: this->derived_cast().chunks())
+        for (auto& c : this->derived_cast().chunks())
         {
             c.scalar_computed_assign(e, f);
         }
@@ -354,8 +354,10 @@ namespace xt
         for (size_type i = 0; i < m_chunk_index.size(); ++i)
         {
             size_type chunk_shape = p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
-            size_type end = std::min(chunk_shape,
-                                     p_chunked_expression->shape()[i] - m_chunk_index[i] * chunk_shape);
+            size_type end = std::min(
+                chunk_shape,
+                p_chunked_expression->shape()[i] - m_chunk_index[i] * chunk_shape
+            );
             slices[i] = range(0u, end);
         }
         return slices;
@@ -365,8 +367,10 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xchunk_iterator<E>::fill_slice_vector(size_type i)
     {
         size_type range_start = m_chunk_index[i] * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i];
-        size_type range_end = std::min((m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i],
-                                        p_chunked_expression->shape()[i]);
+        size_type range_end = std::min(
+            (m_chunk_index[i] + 1) * p_chunked_expression->chunk_shape()[i],
+            p_chunked_expression->shape()[i]
+        );
         m_slice_vector[i] = range(range_start, range_end);
     }
 }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
index 1caac4fd5..3a3bc79d3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_VIEW_HPP
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
+#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
 #include "xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xstorage.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
     template <class E>
-    struct is_chunked_t: detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked
+    struct is_chunked_t : detail::chunk_helper<E>::is_chunked
     {
     };
 
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // compute chunk number in each dimension
         m_grid_shape.resize(m_shape.size());
-        std::transform
-        (
-            m_shape.cbegin(), m_shape.cend(),
+        std::transform(
+            m_shape.cbegin(),
+            m_shape.cend(),
             m_chunk_shape.cbegin(),
             m_grid_shape.begin(),
             [](auto s, auto cs)
@@ -134,17 +134,23 @@ namespace xt
                 std::size_t cn = s / cs;
                 if (s % cs > 0)
                 {
-                    cn++; // edge_chunk
+                    cn++;  // edge_chunk
                 }
                 return cn;
             }
         );
-        m_chunk_nb = std::accumulate(std::begin(m_grid_shape), std::end(m_grid_shape), std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+        m_chunk_nb = std::accumulate(
+            std::begin(m_grid_shape),
+            std::end(m_grid_shape),
+            std::size_t(1),
+            std::multiplies<>()
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
-    typename std::enable_if_t<!is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&> xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    typename std::enable_if_t<!is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>
+    xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
     {
         auto end = chunk_end();
         for (auto it = chunk_begin(); it != end; ++it)
@@ -157,7 +163,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class E>
     template <class OE>
-    typename std::enable_if_t<is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&> xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
+    typename std::enable_if_t<is_chunked_t<OE>::value, xchunked_view<E>&>
+    xchunked_view<E>::operator=(const OE& e)
     {
         m_chunk_shape.resize(e.dimension());
         const auto& cs = e.chunk_shape();
@@ -173,8 +180,15 @@ namespace xt
             if (lhs_shape != el2.shape())
             {
                 xstrided_slice_vector esv(el2.dimension());  // element slice in edge chunk
-                std::transform(lhs_shape.begin(), lhs_shape.end(), esv.begin(),
-                               [](auto size) { return range(0, size); });
+                std::transform(
+                    lhs_shape.begin(),
+                    lhs_shape.end(),
+                    esv.begin(),
+                    [](auto size)
+                    {
+                        return range(0, size);
+                    }
+                );
                 noalias(el1) = strided_view(el2, esv);
             }
             else
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
index b1f272fc6..edcf31f79 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_COMPLEX_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_COMPLEX_HPP
@@ -84,13 +84,17 @@ namespace xt
             template <class E>
             static inline decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
             {
-                return detail::complex_helper<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>::value>::real(std::forward<E>(e));
+                return detail::complex_helper<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>::value>::real(
+                    std::forward<E>(e)
+                );
             }
 
             template <class E>
             static inline decltype(auto) imag(E&& e) noexcept
             {
-                return detail::complex_helper<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>::value>::imag(std::forward<E>(e));
+                return detail::complex_helper<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>::value>::imag(
+                    std::forward<E>(e)
+                );
             }
         };
 
@@ -123,7 +127,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
     {
-        return detail::complex_expression_helper<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<E>>::value>::real(std::forward<E>(e));
+        return detail::complex_expression_helper<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<E>>::value>::real(std::forward<E>(e
+        ));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -138,25 +143,26 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline decltype(auto) imag(E&& e) noexcept
     {
-        return detail::complex_expression_helper<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<E>>::value>::imag(std::forward<E>(e));
+        return detail::complex_expression_helper<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<E>>::value>::imag(std::forward<E>(e
+        ));
     }
 
-#define UNARY_COMPLEX_FUNCTOR(NS, NAME)                             \
-    struct NAME##_fun                                               \
-    {                                                               \
-        template <class T>                                          \
-        constexpr auto operator()(const T& t) const                 \
-        {                                                           \
-            using NS::NAME;                                         \
-            return NAME(t);                                         \
-        }                                                           \
-                                                                    \
-        template <class B>                                          \
-        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& t) const                 \
-        {                                                           \
-            using NS::NAME;                                         \
-            return NAME(t);                                         \
-        }                                                           \
+#define UNARY_COMPLEX_FUNCTOR(NS, NAME)             \
+    struct NAME##_fun                               \
+    {                                               \
+        template <class T>                          \
+        constexpr auto operator()(const T& t) const \
+        {                                           \
+            using NS::NAME;                         \
+            return NAME(t);                         \
+        }                                           \
+                                                    \
+        template <class B>                          \
+        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& t) const \
+        {                                           \
+            using NS::NAME;                         \
+            return NAME(t);                         \
+        }                                           \
     }
 
     namespace math
@@ -170,14 +176,14 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class T>
-            constexpr std::complex<T> conj_impl(const T & real)
+            constexpr std::complex<T> conj_impl(const T& real)
             {
                 return std::complex<T>(real, 0);
             }
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
             template <class T, class A>
-            xsimd::complex_batch_type_t< xsimd::batch<T, A>> conj_impl(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& z)
+            xsimd::complex_batch_type_t<xsimd::batch<T, A>> conj_impl(const xsimd::batch<T, A>& z)
             {
                 return xsimd::conj(z);
             }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 771c15155..f5a79d3d7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CONTAINER_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CONTAINER_HPP
@@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... Args>
         const_reference unchecked(Args... args) const;
 
-        using accessible_base::shape;
         using accessible_base::at;
+        using accessible_base::shape;
         using accessible_base::operator[];
-        using accessible_base::periodic;
-        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
-        using accessible_base::front;
         using accessible_base::back;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::periodic;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It first, It last);
@@ -183,8 +183,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class align, class simd>
         void store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
-        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
+        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type, std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
         container_simd_return_type_t<storage_type, value_type, requested_type>
         /*simd_return_type<requested_type>*/ load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ namespace xt
     protected:
 
         derived_type& derived_cast() & noexcept;
-        const derived_type& derived_cast() const & noexcept;
+        const derived_type& derived_cast() const& noexcept;
         derived_type derived_cast() && noexcept;
 
     private:
@@ -407,6 +406,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return derived_cast().backstrides_impl();
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -480,7 +480,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::unchecked(Args... args) -> reference
     {
-        size_type index = xt::unchecked_data_offset<size_type, static_layout>(strides(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(args)...);
+        size_type index = xt::unchecked_data_offset<size_type, static_layout>(
+            strides(),
+            static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(args)...
+        );
         return storage()[index];
     }
 
@@ -507,7 +510,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xcontainer<D>::unchecked(Args... args) const -> const_reference
     {
-        size_type index = xt::unchecked_data_offset<size_type, static_layout>(strides(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(args)...);
+        size_type index = xt::unchecked_data_offset<size_type, static_layout>(
+            strides(),
+            static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(args)...
+        );
         return storage()[index];
     }
 
@@ -590,6 +596,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return size_type(0);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -618,13 +625,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline bool xcontainer<D>::has_linear_assign(const S& str) const noexcept
     {
-        return str.size() == strides().size() &&
-            std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), strides().begin());
+        return str.size() == strides().size() && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), strides().begin());
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::derived_cast() const & noexcept -> const derived_type&
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::derived_cast() const& noexcept -> const derived_type&
     {
         return *static_cast<const derived_type*>(this);
     }
@@ -728,7 +735,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xcontainer<D>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept -> const_container_iterator
+    inline auto xcontainer<D>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
+        -> const_container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(storage().cbegin(), l, offset);
     }
@@ -843,15 +851,26 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     inline xstrided_container<D>::xstrided_container(inner_shape_type&& shape, inner_strides_type&& strides) noexcept
-        : base_type(), m_shape(std::move(shape)), m_strides(std::move(strides))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_shape(std::move(shape))
+        , m_strides(std::move(strides))
     {
         m_backstrides = xtl::make_sequence<inner_backstrides_type>(m_shape.size(), 0);
         adapt_strides(m_shape, m_strides, m_backstrides);
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    inline xstrided_container<D>::xstrided_container(inner_shape_type&& shape, inner_strides_type&& strides, inner_backstrides_type&& backstrides, layout_type&& layout) noexcept
-        : base_type(), m_shape(std::move(shape)), m_strides(std::move(strides)), m_backstrides(std::move(backstrides)), m_layout(std::move(layout))
+    inline xstrided_container<D>::xstrided_container(
+        inner_shape_type&& shape,
+        inner_strides_type&& strides,
+        inner_backstrides_type&& backstrides,
+        layout_type&& layout
+    ) noexcept
+        : base_type()
+        , m_shape(std::move(shape))
+        , m_strides(std::move(strides))
+        , m_backstrides(std::move(backstrides))
+        , m_layout(std::move(layout))
     {
     }
 
@@ -905,11 +924,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xstrided_container<D>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         using str_type = typename inner_strides_type::value_type;
-        return is_contiguous_container<storage_type>::value &&
-               ( m_strides.empty()
-                 || (m_layout == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
-                 || (m_layout == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1)));
-
+        return is_contiguous_container<storage_type>::value
+               && (m_strides.empty() || (m_layout == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
+                   || (m_layout == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1)));
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -952,10 +969,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::resize(S&& shape, bool force)
     {
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
-                           "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor")
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(
+            detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
+            "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor"
+        )
         std::size_t dim = shape.size();
-        if (m_shape.size() != dim || !std::equal(std::begin(shape), std::end(shape), std::begin(m_shape)) || force)
+        if (m_shape.size() != dim || !std::equal(std::begin(shape), std::end(shape), std::begin(m_shape))
+            || force)
         {
             if (D::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic && m_layout == layout_type::dynamic)
             {
@@ -981,11 +1001,16 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::resize(S&& shape, layout_type l)
     {
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
-                           "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor")
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(
+            detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
+            "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor"
+        )
         if (base_type::static_layout != layout_type::dynamic && l != base_type::static_layout)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot change layout_type if template parameter not layout_type::dynamic.");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::runtime_error,
+                "Cannot change layout_type if template parameter not layout_type::dynamic."
+            );
         }
         m_layout = l;
         resize(std::forward<S>(shape), true);
@@ -1002,12 +1027,16 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides)
     {
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
-                           "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor")
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(
+            detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
+            "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor"
+        )
         if (base_type::static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                          "Cannot resize with custom strides when layout() is != layout_type::dynamic.");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::runtime_error,
+                "Cannot resize with custom strides when layout() is != layout_type::dynamic."
+            );
         }
         m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S>(shape);
         m_strides = strides;
@@ -1034,7 +1063,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline auto& xstrided_container<D>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) &
     {
-        reshape_impl(std::forward<S>(shape), xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<S>::value_type>>(), std::forward<layout_type>(layout));
+        reshape_impl(
+            std::forward<S>(shape),
+            xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<S>::value_type>>(),
+            std::forward<layout_type>(layout)
+        );
         return this->derived_cast();
     }
 
@@ -1051,11 +1084,15 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline void xstrided_container<D>::reshape_impl(S&& shape, std::false_type /* is unsigned */, layout_type layout)
+    inline void
+    xstrided_container<D>::reshape_impl(S&& shape, std::false_type /* is unsigned */, layout_type layout)
     {
         if (compute_size(shape) != this->size())
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot reshape with incorrect number of elements. Do you mean to resize?");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::runtime_error,
+                "Cannot reshape with incorrect number of elements. Do you mean to resize?"
+            );
         }
         if (D::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic && layout == layout_type::dynamic)
         {
@@ -1074,7 +1111,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline void xstrided_container<D>::reshape_impl(S&& _shape, std::true_type /* is signed */, layout_type layout)
+    inline void
+    xstrided_container<D>::reshape_impl(S&& _shape, std::true_type /* is signed */, layout_type layout)
     {
         using tmp_value_type = typename std::decay_t<S>::value_type;
         auto new_size = compute_size(_shape);
@@ -1086,23 +1124,26 @@ namespace xt
         tmp_value_type accumulator = 1;
         std::size_t neg_idx = 0;
         std::size_t i = 0;
-        for(auto it = shape.begin(); it != shape.end(); ++it, i++)
+        for (auto it = shape.begin(); it != shape.end(); ++it, i++)
         {
             auto&& dim = *it;
-            if(dim < 0)
+            if (dim < 0)
             {
                 XTENSOR_ASSERT(dim == -1 && !neg_idx);
                 neg_idx = i;
             }
             accumulator *= dim;
         }
-        if(accumulator < 0)
+        if (accumulator < 0)
         {
             shape[neg_idx] = static_cast<tmp_value_type>(this->size()) / std::abs(accumulator);
         }
-        else if(this->size() != new_size)
+        else if (this->size() != new_size)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot reshape with incorrect number of elements. Do you mean to resize?");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::runtime_error,
+                "Cannot reshape with incorrect number of elements. Do you mean to resize?"
+            );
         }
         m_layout = layout;
         m_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S>(shape);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
index 196a252cc..b58a50781 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CSV_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CSV_HPP
@@ -31,7 +31,13 @@ namespace xt
     using xcsv_tensor = xtensor_container<std::vector<T, A>, 2, layout_type::row_major>;
 
     template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T>>
-    xcsv_tensor<T, A> load_csv(std::istream& stream, const char delimiter = ',', const std::size_t skip_rows = 0, const std::ptrdiff_t max_rows = -1, const std::string comments = "#");
+    xcsv_tensor<T, A> load_csv(
+        std::istream& stream,
+        const char delimiter = ',',
+        const std::size_t skip_rows = 0,
+        const std::ptrdiff_t max_rows = -1,
+        const std::string comments = "#"
+    );
 
     template <class E>
     void dump_csv(std::ostream& stream, const xexpression<E>& e);
@@ -59,35 +65,62 @@ namespace xt
                 return cell;
 
             size_t last = cell.find_last_not_of(' ');
-            return cell.substr(first, last==std::string::npos?cell.size():last+1);
+            return cell.substr(first, last == std::string::npos ? cell.size() : last + 1);
         }
 
         template <>
-        inline float lexical_cast<float>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stof(cell); }
+        inline float lexical_cast<float>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stof(cell);
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline double lexical_cast<double>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stod(cell); }
+        inline double lexical_cast<double>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stod(cell);
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline long double lexical_cast<long double>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stold(cell); }
+        inline long double lexical_cast<long double>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stold(cell);
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline int lexical_cast<int>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stoi(cell); }
+        inline int lexical_cast<int>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stoi(cell);
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline long lexical_cast<long>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stol(cell); }
+        inline long lexical_cast<long>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stol(cell);
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline long long lexical_cast<long long>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stoll(cell); }
+        inline long long lexical_cast<long long>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stoll(cell);
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline unsigned int lexical_cast<unsigned int>(const std::string& cell) { return static_cast<unsigned int>(std::stoul(cell)); }
+        inline unsigned int lexical_cast<unsigned int>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return static_cast<unsigned int>(std::stoul(cell));
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline unsigned long lexical_cast<unsigned long>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stoul(cell); }
+        inline unsigned long lexical_cast<unsigned long>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stoul(cell);
+        }
 
         template <>
-        inline unsigned long long lexical_cast<unsigned long long>(const std::string& cell) { return std::stoull(cell); }
+        inline unsigned long long lexical_cast<unsigned long long>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return std::stoull(cell);
+        }
 
         template <class ST, class T, class OI>
         ST load_csv_row(std::istream& row_stream, OI output, std::string cell, const char delimiter = ',')
@@ -109,15 +142,18 @@ namespace xt
      * @param stream the input stream containing the CSV encoded values
      * @param delimiter the character used to separate values. [default: ',']
      * @param skip_rows the number of lines to skip from the beginning. [default: 0]
-     * @param max_rows the number of lines to read after skip_rows lines; the default is to read all the lines. [default: -1]
+     * @param max_rows the number of lines to read after skip_rows lines; the default is to read all the
+     * lines. [default: -1]
      * @param comments the string used to indicate the start of a comment. [default: "#"]
      */
     template <class T, class A>
-    xcsv_tensor<T, A> load_csv(std::istream& stream,
-                               const char delimiter,
-                               const std::size_t skip_rows,
-                               const std::ptrdiff_t max_rows,
-                               const std::string comments)
+    xcsv_tensor<T, A> load_csv(
+        std::istream& stream,
+        const char delimiter,
+        const std::size_t skip_rows,
+        const std::ptrdiff_t max_rows,
+        const std::string comments
+    )
     {
         using tensor_type = xcsv_tensor<T, A>;
         using storage_type = typename tensor_type::storage_type;
@@ -218,11 +254,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     void load_file(std::istream& stream, xexpression<E>& e, const xcsv_config& config)
     {
-        e.derived_cast() = load_csv<typename E::value_type>(stream, config.delimiter, config.skip_rows, config.max_rows, config.comments);
+        e.derived_cast() = load_csv<typename E::value_type>(
+            stream,
+            config.delimiter,
+            config.skip_rows,
+            config.max_rows,
+            config.comments
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    void dump_file(std::ostream& stream, const xexpression<E> &e, const xcsv_config&)
+    void dump_file(std::ostream& stream, const xexpression<E>& e, const xcsv_config&)
     {
         dump_csv(stream, e);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
index a70dafe99..574cb655e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DYNAMIC_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_DYNAMIC_VIEW_HPP
@@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_backstrides_type = inner_shape_type;
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ == 8
-        constexpr static auto random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_data_iface = has_data_interface<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
-        constexpr static auto random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_has_strides = has_strides<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
+        constexpr static auto
+            random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_data_iface = has_data_interface<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
+        constexpr static auto
+            random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_has_strides = has_strides<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
 #endif
 
         // TODO: implement efficient stepper specific to the dynamic_view
@@ -73,8 +75,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        struct xdynamic_view_base
-            : xdynamic_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, S, L, FST>
+        struct xdynamic_view_base : xdynamic_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, S, L, FST>
         {
         };
 
@@ -132,8 +133,8 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
 
-        using base_type::static_layout;
         using base_type::contiguous_layout;
+        using base_type::static_layout;
 
         using temporary_type = typename xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>::temporary_type;
         using base_index_type = xindex_type_t<shape_type>;
@@ -146,8 +147,15 @@ namespace xt
         using slice_vector_type = std::vector<slice_type>;
 
         template <class CTA, class SA>
-        xdynamic_view(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, get_strides_t<S>&& strides, std::size_t offset, layout_type layout,
-                      slice_vector_type&& slices, get_strides_t<S>&& adj_strides) noexcept;
+        xdynamic_view(
+            CTA&& e,
+            SA&& shape,
+            get_strides_t<S>&& strides,
+            std::size_t offset,
+            layout_type layout,
+            slice_vector_type&& slices,
+            get_strides_t<S>&& adj_strides
+        ) noexcept;
 
         template <class E>
         self_type& operator=(const xexpression<E>& e);
@@ -155,11 +163,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         disable_xexpression<E, self_type>& operator=(const E& e);
 
-        using base_type::size;
         using base_type::dimension;
-        using base_type::shape;
-        using base_type::layout;
         using base_type::is_contiguous;
+        using base_type::layout;
+        using base_type::shape;
+        using base_type::size;
 
         // Explicitly deleting strides method to avoid compilers complaining
         // about not being able to call the strides method from xstrided_view_base
@@ -186,10 +194,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         using base_type::operator[];
         using base_type::at;
-        using base_type::periodic;
-        using base_type::in_bounds;
-        using base_type::front;
         using base_type::back;
+        using base_type::front;
+        using base_type::in_bounds;
+        using base_type::periodic;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It first, It last);
@@ -205,9 +213,9 @@ namespace xt
         value_type* data() noexcept = delete;
         const value_type* data() const noexcept = delete;
 
-        using base_type::storage;
-        using base_type::expression;
         using base_type::broadcast_shape;
+        using base_type::expression;
+        using base_type::storage;
 
         template <class O>
         bool has_linear_assign(const O& str) const noexcept;
@@ -225,9 +233,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class ST>
         const_stepper stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
-        using container_iterator = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                      typename storage_type::const_iterator,
-                                                      typename storage_type::iterator>;
+        using container_iterator = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename storage_type::const_iterator, typename storage_type::iterator>;
         using const_container_iterator = typename storage_type::const_iterator;
 
         template <class E>
@@ -256,12 +263,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         void assign_temporary_impl(temporary_type&& tmp);
 
-        template <class T,  class... Args>
+        template <class T, class... Args>
         offset_type adjust_offset(offset_type offset, T idx, Args... args) const noexcept;
         offset_type adjust_offset(offset_type offset) const noexcept;
 
         template <class T, class... Args>
-        offset_type adjust_offset_impl(offset_type offset, size_type idx_offset, T idx, Args... args) const noexcept;
+        offset_type
+        adjust_offset_impl(offset_type offset, size_type idx_offset, T idx, Args... args) const noexcept;
         offset_type adjust_offset_impl(offset_type offset, size_type idx_offset) const noexcept;
 
         template <class It>
@@ -301,8 +309,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         xall_tag,
         xellipsis_tag,
-        xnewaxis_tag
-    >;
+        xnewaxis_tag>;
 
     using xdynamic_slice_vector = std::vector<xdynamic_slice<std::ptrdiff_t>>;
 
@@ -373,11 +380,18 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class CTA, class SA>
-    inline xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::xdynamic_view(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, get_strides_t<S>&& strides,
-                                                       std::size_t offset, layout_type layout,
-                                                       slice_vector_type&& slices, get_strides_t<S>&& adj_strides) noexcept
-        : base_type(std::forward<CTA>(e), std::forward<SA>(shape), std::move(strides), offset, layout),
-          m_slices(std::move(slices)), m_adj_strides(std::move(adj_strides))
+    inline xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::xdynamic_view(
+        CTA&& e,
+        SA&& shape,
+        get_strides_t<S>&& strides,
+        std::size_t offset,
+        layout_type layout,
+        slice_vector_type&& slices,
+        get_strides_t<S>&& adj_strides
+    ) noexcept
+        : base_type(std::forward<CTA>(e), std::forward<SA>(shape), std::move(strides), offset, layout)
+        , m_slices(std::move(slices))
+        , m_adj_strides(std::move(adj_strides))
     {
     }
 
@@ -491,7 +505,13 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_offset() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
         size_type offset = base_type::data_offset();
-        size_type sl_offset = xtl::visit([](const auto& sl) { return sl(size_type(0)); }, m_slices[0]);
+        size_type sl_offset = xtl::visit(
+            [](const auto& sl)
+            {
+                return sl(size_type(0));
+            },
+            m_slices[0]
+        );
         return offset + sl_offset * m_adj_strides[0];
     }
 
@@ -528,7 +548,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class ST>
-    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type /*l*/) const -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type /*l*/) const
+        -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, offset, true);
@@ -542,8 +563,15 @@ namespace xt
         inner_strides_type str(base_type::strides());
         slice_vector_type svt(m_slices);
         inner_strides_type adj_str(m_adj_strides);
-        return rebind_t<E>(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(sh), std::move(str),
-                           base_type::data_offset(), this->layout(), std::move(svt), std::move(adj_str));
+        return rebind_t<E>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::move(sh),
+            std::move(str),
+            base_type::data_offset(),
+            this->layout(),
+            std::move(svt),
+            std::move(adj_str)
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
@@ -559,13 +587,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) noexcept -> container_iterator
+    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) noexcept
+        -> container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(this->storage().begin(), l, offset);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept -> const_container_iterator
+    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
+        -> const_container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(this->storage().cbegin(), l, offset);
     }
@@ -581,7 +611,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class It>
-    inline It xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend_impl(It begin, layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
+    inline It
+    xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend_impl(It begin, layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
     {
         return strided_data_end(*this, begin + std::ptrdiff_t(data_offset()), l, offset);
     }
@@ -594,11 +625,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class T, class... Args>
-    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::adjust_offset(offset_type offset, T idx, Args... args) const noexcept -> offset_type
+    inline auto
+    xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::adjust_offset(offset_type offset, T idx, Args... args) const noexcept
+        -> offset_type
     {
         constexpr size_type nb_args = sizeof...(Args) + 1;
         size_type dim = base_type::dimension();
-        offset_type res = nb_args > dim ? adjust_offset(offset, args...) : adjust_offset_impl(offset, dim - nb_args, idx, args...);
+        offset_type res = nb_args > dim ? adjust_offset(offset, args...)
+                                        : adjust_offset_impl(offset, dim - nb_args, idx, args...);
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -610,13 +644,18 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class T, class... Args>
-    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::adjust_offset_impl(offset_type offset, size_type idx_offset, T idx, Args... args) const noexcept
-        -> offset_type
+    inline auto
+    xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::adjust_offset_impl(offset_type offset, size_type idx_offset, T idx, Args... args)
+        const noexcept -> offset_type
     {
-        offset_type sl_offset = xtl::visit([idx](const auto& sl) {
+        offset_type sl_offset = xtl::visit(
+            [idx](const auto& sl)
+            {
                 using type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(sl)>::size_type;
                 return sl(type(idx));
-        }, m_slices[idx_offset]);
+            },
+            m_slices[idx_offset]
+        );
         offset_type res = offset + sl_offset * m_adj_strides[idx_offset];
         return adjust_offset_impl(res, idx_offset + 1, args...);
     }
@@ -630,7 +669,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class It>
-    inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::adjust_element_offset(offset_type offset, It first, It last) const noexcept -> offset_type
+    inline auto
+    xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::adjust_element_offset(offset_type offset, It first, It last) const noexcept
+        -> offset_type
     {
         auto dst = std::distance(first, last);
         offset_type dim = static_cast<offset_type>(dimension());
@@ -640,7 +681,13 @@ namespace xt
         for (offset_type i = loop_offset; i < dim; ++i, ++first)
         {
             offset_type j = static_cast<offset_type>(first[idx_offset]);
-            offset_type sl_offset = xtl::visit([j](const auto& sl) { return static_cast<offset_type>(sl(j)); }, m_slices[static_cast<std::size_t>(i)]);
+            offset_type sl_offset = xtl::visit(
+                [j](const auto& sl)
+                {
+                    return static_cast<offset_type>(sl(j));
+                },
+                m_slices[static_cast<std::size_t>(i)]
+            );
             res += sl_offset * m_adj_strides[static_cast<std::size_t>(i)];
         }
         return res;
@@ -676,20 +723,46 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class ST, class S>
-            bool fill_args(const xdynamic_slice_vector& slices, std::size_t sl_idx,
-                           std::size_t i, std::size_t old_shape,
-                           const ST& old_stride,
-                           S& shape, get_strides_t<S>& strides)
+            bool fill_args(
+                const xdynamic_slice_vector& slices,
+                std::size_t sl_idx,
+                std::size_t i,
+                std::size_t old_shape,
+                const ST& old_stride,
+                S& shape,
+                get_strides_t<S>& strides
+            )
             {
-                return fill_args_impl<xkeep_slice<std::ptrdiff_t>>(slices, sl_idx, i, old_shape, old_stride, shape, strides)
-                    || fill_args_impl<xdrop_slice<std::ptrdiff_t>>(slices, sl_idx, i, old_shape, old_stride, shape, strides);
+                return fill_args_impl<xkeep_slice<std::ptrdiff_t>>(
+                           slices,
+                           sl_idx,
+                           i,
+                           old_shape,
+                           old_stride,
+                           shape,
+                           strides
+                       )
+                       || fill_args_impl<xdrop_slice<std::ptrdiff_t>>(
+                           slices,
+                           sl_idx,
+                           i,
+                           old_shape,
+                           old_stride,
+                           shape,
+                           strides
+                       );
             }
 
             template <class SL, class ST, class S>
-            bool fill_args_impl(const xdynamic_slice_vector& slices, std::size_t sl_idx,
-                                std::size_t i, std::size_t old_shape,
-                                const ST& old_stride,
-                                S& shape, get_strides_t<S>& strides)
+            bool fill_args_impl(
+                const xdynamic_slice_vector& slices,
+                std::size_t sl_idx,
+                std::size_t i,
+                std::size_t old_shape,
+                const ST& old_stride,
+                S& shape,
+                get_strides_t<S>& strides
+            )
             {
                 auto* sl = xtl::get_if<SL>(&slices[sl_idx]);
                 if (sl != nullptr)
@@ -713,9 +786,22 @@ namespace xt
         using slice_vector = typename view_type::slice_vector_type;
         using policy = detail::adj_strides_policy<slice_vector>;
         detail::strided_view_args<policy> args;
-        args.fill_args(e.shape(), detail::get_strides<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e), detail::get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e), e.layout(), slices);
-        return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(args.new_shape), std::move(args.new_strides), args.new_offset,
-                         args.new_layout, std::move(args.new_slices), std::move(args.new_adj_strides));
+        args.fill_args(
+            e.shape(),
+            detail::get_strides<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e),
+            detail::get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e),
+            e.layout(),
+            slices
+        );
+        return view_type(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::move(args.new_shape),
+            std::move(args.new_strides),
+            args.new_offset,
+            args.new_layout,
+            std::move(args.new_slices),
+            std::move(args.new_adj_strides)
+        );
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 539955e22..66764a365 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EVAL_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EVAL_HPP
 
 #include "xexpression_traits.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @return xt::xarray or xt::xtensor depending on shape type
      */
     template <class T>
-    inline auto eval(T&& t)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<detail::is_container<std::decay_t<T>>::value, T&&>
+    inline auto eval(T&& t) -> std::enable_if_t<detail::is_container<std::decay_t<T>>::value, T&&>
     {
         return std::forward<T>(t);
     }
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return std::forward<T>(t);
     }
+
     /// @endcond
 
     namespace detail
@@ -110,9 +110,10 @@ namespace xt
          *****************************************/
 
         template <class E, layout_type L>
-        using as_xtensor_container_t = xtensor<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
-                                               std::tuple_size<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>::value,
-                                               layout_remove_any(L)>;
+        using as_xtensor_container_t = xtensor<
+            typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
+            std::tuple_size<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>::value,
+            layout_remove_any(L)>;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -122,10 +123,10 @@ namespace xt
      * \code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {1,2,3,4};
      * auto&& b = xt::as_strided(a); // b is a reference to a, no copy!
-     * auto&& c = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a); // b is xarray<double> with the required layout
-     * auto&& a_cast = xt::cast<int>(a); // a_cast is an xexpression
-     * auto&& d = xt::as_strided(a_cast); // d is xarray<int>, not an xexpression
-     * auto&& e = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a_cast); // d is xarray<int> with the required layout
+     * auto&& c = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a); // b is xarray<double> with the required
+     * layout auto&& a_cast = xt::cast<int>(a); // a_cast is an xexpression auto&& d = xt::as_strided(a_cast);
+     * // d is xarray<int>, not an xexpression auto&& e =
+     * xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a_cast); // d is xarray<int> with the required layout
      * \endcode
      *
      * @warning This function should be used in a local context only.
@@ -136,33 +137,30 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
     inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value
-                            && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>(),
-                            E&&>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>(), E&&>
     {
         return std::forward<E>(e);
     }
 
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
-    inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<(!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value
-                               && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
-                            && detail::has_fixed_dims<E>(),
-                            detail::as_xtensor_container_t<E, L>>
+    inline auto as_strided(E&& e) -> std::enable_if_t<
+        (!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
+            && detail::has_fixed_dims<E>(),
+        detail::as_xtensor_container_t<E, L>>
     {
         return e;
     }
 
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
-    inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<(!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value
-                               && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
-                            && (!detail::has_fixed_dims<E>()),
-                            detail::as_xarray_container_t<E, L>>
+    inline auto as_strided(E&& e) -> std::enable_if_t<
+        (!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
+            && (!detail::has_fixed_dims<E>()),
+        detail::as_xarray_container_t<E, L>>
     {
         return e;
     }
+
     /// @endcond
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
index 7e5a4ef8f..996b25727 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
@@ -1,35 +1,40 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EXCEPTION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EXCEPTION_HPP
 
+#include <iostream>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
-#include <iostream>
 
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xspan_impl.hpp>
 
+#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+
 #ifdef __GNUC__
-#define XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE __attribute__ ((unused))
+#define XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE __attribute__((unused))
 #else
 #define XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE
 #endif
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    struct missing_type {};
-    namespace {
+    struct missing_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    namespace
+    {
         missing_type XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE missing;
     }
 
@@ -42,8 +47,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <>
-        struct last_type_is_missing_impl<>
-            : std::false_type
+        struct last_type_is_missing_impl<> : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
@@ -188,9 +192,11 @@ namespace xt
         {
             if (std::size_t(arg) >= std::size_t(shape[dim]) && shape[dim] != 1)
             {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range,
-                              "index " + std::to_string(arg) + " is out of bounds for axis " +
-                              std::to_string(dim) + " with size " + std::to_string(shape[dim]));
+                XTENSOR_THROW(
+                    std::out_of_range,
+                    "index " + std::to_string(arg) + " is out of bounds for axis " + std::to_string(dim)
+                        + " with size " + std::to_string(shape[dim])
+                );
             }
             check_index_impl<S, dim + 1>(shape, args...);
         }
@@ -245,11 +251,11 @@ namespace xt
         {
             if (*efirst >= value_type(shape[axis]) && shape[axis] != 1)
             {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range,
-                                "index " + std::to_string(*efirst) +
-                                " is out of bounds for axis " +
-                                std::to_string(axis) + " with size " +
-                                std::to_string(shape[axis]));
+                XTENSOR_THROW(
+                    std::out_of_range,
+                    "index " + std::to_string(*efirst) + " is out of bounds for axis " + std::to_string(axis)
+                        + " with size " + std::to_string(shape[axis])
+                );
             }
             ++efirst, ++axis;
         }
@@ -264,10 +270,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (sizeof...(Args) > shape.size())
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range,
-                          "Number of arguments (" + std::to_string(sizeof...(Args)) +
-                          ") is greater than the number of dimensions (" +
-                          std::to_string(shape.size()) + ")");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::out_of_range,
+                "Number of arguments (" + std::to_string(sizeof...(Args))
+                    + ") is greater than the number of dimensions (" + std::to_string(shape.size()) + ")"
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -284,16 +291,17 @@ namespace xt
 
 #if (defined(XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT) && !defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS))
 #define XTENSOR_TRY(expr) XTENSOR_TRY_IMPL(expr, __FILE__, __LINE__)
-#define XTENSOR_TRY_IMPL(expr, file, line)                                \
-    try                                                                   \
-    {                                                                     \
-        expr;                                                             \
-    }                                                                     \
-    catch (std::exception& e)                                             \
-    {                                                                     \
-        XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,                                 \
-                      std::string(file) + ':' + std::to_string(line) +    \
-                      ": check failed\n\t" + std::string(e.what()));      \
+#define XTENSOR_TRY_IMPL(expr, file, line)                                                                \
+    try                                                                                                   \
+    {                                                                                                     \
+        expr;                                                                                             \
+    }                                                                                                     \
+    catch (std::exception & e)                                                                            \
+    {                                                                                                     \
+        XTENSOR_THROW(                                                                                    \
+            std::runtime_error,                                                                           \
+            std::string(file) + ':' + std::to_string(line) + ": check failed\n\t" + std::string(e.what()) \
+        );                                                                                                \
     }
 #else
 #define XTENSOR_TRY(expr)
@@ -301,12 +309,13 @@ namespace xt
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
 #define XTENSOR_ASSERT(expr) XTENSOR_ASSERT_IMPL(expr, __FILE__, __LINE__)
-#define XTENSOR_ASSERT_IMPL(expr, file, line)                               \
-    if (!(expr))                                                            \
-    {                                                                       \
-        XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,                                   \
-                      std::string(file) + ':' + std::to_string(line) +      \
-                      ": assertion failed (" #expr ") \n\t");               \
+#define XTENSOR_ASSERT_IMPL(expr, file, line)                                                      \
+    if (!(expr))                                                                                   \
+    {                                                                                              \
+        XTENSOR_THROW(                                                                             \
+            std::runtime_error,                                                                    \
+            std::string(file) + ':' + std::to_string(line) + ": assertion failed (" #expr ") \n\t" \
+        );                                                                                         \
     }
 #else
 #define XTENSOR_ASSERT(expr)
@@ -319,25 +328,26 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
-#define XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg)                                       \
-    if (!(expr))                                                            \
-    {                                                                       \
-        XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,                                   \
-                      std::string("Assertion error!\n") + msg +             \
-                      "\n  " + __FILE__ + '(' + std::to_string(__LINE__) +  \
-                      ")\n");                                               \
+#define XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg)                                                                            \
+    if (!(expr))                                                                                                 \
+    {                                                                                                            \
+        XTENSOR_THROW(                                                                                           \
+            std::runtime_error,                                                                                  \
+            std::string("Assertion error!\n") + msg + "\n  " + __FILE__ + '(' + std::to_string(__LINE__) + ")\n" \
+        );                                                                                                       \
     }
 #else
 #define XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg)
 #endif
 
-#define XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(expr, msg)                                     \
-    if (!(expr))                                                            \
-    {                                                                       \
-      XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,                                     \
-                    std::string("Precondition violation!\n") + msg +        \
-                    "\n  " + __FILE__ + '(' + std::to_string(__LINE__) +    \
-                    ")\n");                                               \
+#define XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(expr, msg)                                              \
+    if (!(expr))                                                                     \
+    {                                                                                \
+        XTENSOR_THROW(                                                               \
+            std::runtime_error,                                                      \
+            std::string("Precondition violation!\n") + msg + "\n  " + __FILE__ + '(' \
+                + std::to_string(__LINE__) + ")\n"                                   \
+        );                                                                           \
     }
 }
 #endif  // XEXCEPTION_HPP
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index e8e5b8fd4..a3f65ddd2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_HPP
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace xt
         using derived_type = D;
 
         derived_type& derived_cast() & noexcept;
-        const derived_type& derived_cast() const & noexcept;
+        const derived_type& derived_cast() const& noexcept;
         derived_type derived_cast() && noexcept;
 
     protected:
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns a constant reference to the actual derived type of the xexpression.
      */
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xexpression<D>::derived_cast() const & noexcept -> const derived_type&
+    inline auto xexpression<D>::derived_cast() const& noexcept -> const derived_type&
     {
         return *static_cast<const derived_type*>(this);
     }
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return *static_cast<derived_type*>(this);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /***************************************
@@ -161,11 +162,15 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <template <class> class B, class E>
-        struct is_crtp_base_of_impl : std::is_base_of<B<E>, E> {};
+        struct is_crtp_base_of_impl : std::is_base_of<B<E>, E>
+        {
+        };
 
         template <template <class> class B, class E, template <class> class F>
-        struct is_crtp_base_of_impl<B, F<E>> :
-        xtl::disjunction< std::is_base_of<B<E>, F<E>>, std::is_base_of<B<F<E>>, F<E>>> {};
+        struct is_crtp_base_of_impl<B, F<E>>
+            : xtl::disjunction<std::is_base_of<B<E>, F<E>>, std::is_base_of<B<F<E>>, F<E>>>
+        {
+        };
     }
 
     template <template <class> class B, class E>
@@ -209,15 +214,24 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        struct option_base {};
+        struct option_base
+        {
+        };
     }
 
     namespace evaluation_strategy
     {
 
-        struct immediate_type : xt::detail::option_base {};
+        struct immediate_type : xt::detail::option_base
+        {
+        };
+
         constexpr auto immediate = std::tuple<immediate_type>{};
-        struct lazy_type : xt::detail::option_base {};
+
+        struct lazy_type : xt::detail::option_base
+        {
+        };
+
         constexpr auto lazy = std::tuple<lazy_type>{};
 
         /*
@@ -246,7 +260,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     struct xclosure<xshared_expression<E>, std::enable_if_t<true>>
     {
-        using type = xshared_expression<E>; // force copy
+        using type = xshared_expression<E>;  // force copy
     };
 
     template <class E>
@@ -273,7 +287,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     struct const_xclosure<xshared_expression<E>&, std::enable_if_t<true>>
     {
-        using type = xshared_expression<E>; // force copy
+        using type = xshared_expression<E>;  // force copy
     };
 
     template <class E>
@@ -341,8 +355,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct expression_tag_and<T, xtensor_expression_tag>
-            : expression_tag_and<xtensor_expression_tag, T>
+        struct expression_tag_and<T, xtensor_expression_tag> : expression_tag_and<xtensor_expression_tag, T>
         {
         };
 
@@ -353,8 +366,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T1, class... T>
-        struct expression_tag_and<T1, T...>
-            : expression_tag_and<T1, typename expression_tag_and<T...>::type>
+        struct expression_tag_and<T1, T...> : expression_tag_and<T1, typename expression_tag_and<T...>::type>
         {
         };
 
@@ -370,7 +382,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... T>
     struct xexpression_tag
     {
-        using type = extension::expression_tag_and_t<extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<const_xclosure_t<T>>>...>;
+        using type = extension::expression_tag_and_t<
+            extension::get_expression_tag_t<std::decay_t<const_xclosure_t<T>>>...>;
     };
 
     template <class... T>
@@ -391,52 +404,47 @@ namespace xt
      ********************************/
 
     template <class... E>
-    struct xoptional_comparable : xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_xtensor_expression<E>,
-                                                                    is_xoptional_expression<E>
-                                                                   >...
-                                                  >
+    struct xoptional_comparable
+        : xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_xtensor_expression<E>, is_xoptional_expression<E>>...>
     {
     };
 
-#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(name)                                      \
-    auto name() const                                                           \
-        -> decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().name())                  \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return m_ptr->name();                                                   \
+#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(name)                                 \
+    auto name() const->decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().name()) \
+    {                                                                      \
+        return m_ptr->name();                                              \
     }
 
-#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(name)                                            \
-    auto name() -> decltype(std::declval<E>().name())                           \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return m_ptr->name();                                                   \
+#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(name)                \
+    auto name()->decltype(std::declval<E>().name()) \
+    {                                               \
+        return m_ptr->name();                       \
     }
 
-#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(name)                             \
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>                        \
-    auto name() const noexcept                                                  \
-        -> decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().template name<L>())      \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                       \
-    }                                                                           \
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class S>               \
-    auto name(const S& shape) const noexcept                                    \
-        -> decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().template name<L>(shape)) \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                       \
+#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(name)                                               \
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>                                          \
+    auto name() const noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().template name<L>()) \
+    {                                                                                             \
+        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                                         \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class S>                                 \
+    auto name(const S& shape) const noexcept                                                      \
+        -> decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().template name<L>(shape))                   \
+    {                                                                                             \
+        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                                         \
     }
 
-#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_ITERATOR_METHOD(name)                                   \
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class S>               \
-    auto name(const S& shape) noexcept                                          \
-        -> decltype(std::declval<E>().template name<L>(shape))                  \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                       \
-    }                                                                           \
-    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>                        \
-    auto name() noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<E>().template name<L>())      \
-    {                                                                           \
-        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                       \
-    }                                                                           \
+#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_ITERATOR_METHOD(name)                                                 \
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class S>                             \
+    auto name(const S& shape) noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<E>().template name<L>(shape)) \
+    {                                                                                         \
+        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                                     \
+    }                                                                                         \
+    template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>                                      \
+    auto name() noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<E>().template name<L>())                    \
+    {                                                                                         \
+        return m_ptr->template name<L>();                                                     \
+    }
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -497,8 +505,7 @@ namespace xt
      * \endcode
      */
     template <class E>
-    class xshared_expression
-        : public xexpression<xshared_expression<E>>
+    class xshared_expression : public xexpression<xshared_expression<E>>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -515,21 +522,15 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_shape_type = typename E::inner_shape_type;
         using shape_type = typename E::shape_type;
 
-        using strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<E>,
-                                                 detail::expr_strides_type<E>,
-                                                 get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<E>,
-                                                     detail::expr_backstrides_type<E>,
-                                                     get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<E>,
-                                                       detail::expr_inner_strides_type<E>,
-                                                       get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<E>,
-                                                           detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<E>,
-                                                           get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_storage_type<E>,
-                                                 detail::expr_storage_type<E>,
-                                                 make_invalid_type<>>;
+        using strides_type = xtl::mpl::
+            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_strides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::
+            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_backstrides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::
+            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_inner_strides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::
+            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_storage_type<E>, detail::expr_storage_type<E>, make_invalid_type<>>;
 
         using stepper = typename E::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename E::const_stepper;
@@ -546,8 +547,7 @@ namespace xt
         long use_count() const noexcept;
 
         template <class... Args>
-        auto operator()(Args... args)
-            -> decltype(std::declval<E>()(args...))
+        auto operator()(Args... args) -> decltype(std::declval<E>()(args...))
         {
             return m_ptr->operator()(args...);
         }
@@ -587,61 +587,56 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_crend)
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&>
-        strides() const
+        std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&> strides() const
         {
             return m_ptr->strides();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&>
-        backstrides() const
+        std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&> backstrides() const
         {
             return m_ptr->backstrides();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, pointer>
-        data() noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, pointer> data() noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->data();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, pointer>
-        data() const noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, pointer> data() const noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->data();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, size_type>
-        data_offset() const noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, size_type> data_offset() const noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->data_offset();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, typename T::storage_type&>
-        storage() noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, typename T::storage_type&> storage() noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->storage();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const typename T::storage_type&>
-        storage() const noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const typename T::storage_type&> storage() const noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->storage();
         }
 
         template <class It>
-        reference element(It first, It last) {
+        reference element(It first, It last)
+        {
             return m_ptr->element(first, last);
         }
 
         template <class It>
-        const_reference element(It first, It last) const {
+        const_reference element(It first, It last) const
+        {
             return m_ptr->element(first, last);
         }
 
@@ -658,8 +653,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class S>
-        auto stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept
-            -> decltype(std::declval<E>().stepper_begin(shape))
+        auto stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<E>().stepper_begin(shape))
         {
             return m_ptr->stepper_begin(shape);
         }
@@ -677,6 +671,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             return static_cast<const E*>(m_ptr.get())->stepper_begin(shape);
         }
+
         template <class S>
         auto stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept
             -> decltype(std::declval<const E>().stepper_end(shape, l))
@@ -717,7 +712,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         inline xshared_expression<E> make_xshared_impl(xsharable_expression<E>&& expr)
         {
-            if(expr.p_shared == nullptr)
+            if (expr.p_shared == nullptr)
             {
                 expr.p_shared = std::make_shared<E>(std::move(expr).derived_cast());
             }
@@ -734,7 +729,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline xshared_expression<E> make_xshared(xexpression<E>&& expr)
     {
-        static_assert(is_xsharable_expression<E>::value, "make_shared requires E to inherit from xsharable_expression");
+        static_assert(
+            is_xsharable_expression<E>::value,
+            "make_shared requires E to inherit from xsharable_expression"
+        );
         return detail::make_xshared_impl(std::move(expr.derived_cast()));
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
index fa7b2df30..8f65f370e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XEXPRESSION_HOLDER_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_XEXPRESSION_HOLDER_HPP
 
-#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "xtl/xany.hpp"
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xjson.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xany.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace xt
         class xexpression_wrapper;
     }
 
-    class xexpression_holder // Value semantic
+    class xexpression_holder  // Value semantic
     {
     public:
 
@@ -68,11 +68,12 @@ namespace xt
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
     void to_json(nlohmann::json& j, const xexpression_holder& o);
     void from_json(const nlohmann::json& j, xexpression_holder& o);
+
     /// @endcond
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        class xexpression_holder_impl // Entity semantic
+        class xexpression_holder_impl  // Entity semantic
         {
         public:
 
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ namespace xt
         class xexpression_wrapper : public xexpression_holder_impl
         {
         public:
+
             template <class E>
             xexpression_wrapper(E&& expr);
 
@@ -228,6 +230,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         o.from_json(j);
     }
+
     /// @endcond
 
     namespace detail
@@ -235,8 +238,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class CTE>
         template <class E>
         inline xexpression_wrapper<CTE>::xexpression_wrapper(E&& expr)
-            : xexpression_holder_impl(),
-              m_expression(std::forward<E>(expr))
+            : xexpression_holder_impl()
+            , m_expression(std::forward<E>(expr))
         {
         }
 
@@ -260,8 +263,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class CTE>
         inline xexpression_wrapper<CTE>::xexpression_wrapper(const xexpression_wrapper& wrapper)
-            : xexpression_holder_impl(),
-              m_expression(wrapper.m_expression)
+            : xexpression_holder_impl()
+            , m_expression(wrapper.m_expression)
         {
         }
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
index 67f5cb5ca..205de67a5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_TRAITS_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_TRAITS_HPP
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ namespace xt
             template <class T, layout_type L>
             using type = xarray<T, L>;
         };
-#endif // __cplusplus == 201703L
-#endif // __GNUC__ && (__GNUC__ > 6)
+#endif  // __cplusplus == 201703L
+#endif  // __GNUC__ && (__GNUC__ > 6)
 
         template <template <class, std::size_t> class S, class X, std::size_t N>
         struct xtype_for_shape<S<X, N>>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 2661ee0a9..7e5f164a8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_FIXED_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_FIXED_HPP
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xcontainer.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xstorage.hpp"
 #include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xtl
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t I, std::size_t Y, std::size_t... X>
         struct calculate_stride<layout_type::column_major, I, Y, X...>
         {
-            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = Y * calculate_stride<layout_type::column_major, I - 1, X...>::value;
+            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = Y
+                                                    * calculate_stride<layout_type::column_major, I - 1, X...>::value;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t Y, std::size_t... X>
@@ -111,7 +112,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t I, std::size_t... X>
         struct calculate_stride_row_major
         {
-            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = at<sizeof...(X) - I, X...>::value * calculate_stride_row_major<I - 1, X...>::value;
+            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = at<sizeof...(X) - I, X...>::value
+                                                    * calculate_stride_row_major<I - 1, X...>::value;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t... X>
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ namespace xt
                 constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = calculate_stride<L, I, X...>::value;
             };
 
-            template <layout_type L, size_t I, class SEQ >
+            template <layout_type L, size_t I, class SEQ>
             constexpr std::ptrdiff_t get_computed_strides(bool cond)
             {
                 return cond ? 0 : computed_strides<L, I, SEQ>::value;
@@ -147,13 +149,15 @@ namespace xt
         template <layout_type L, class R, std::size_t... X, std::size_t... I>
         constexpr R get_strides_impl(const xt::fixed_shape<X...>& shape, std::index_sequence<I...>)
         {
-            static_assert((L == layout_type::row_major) || (L == layout_type::column_major),
-                          "Layout not supported for fixed array");
+            static_assert(
+                (L == layout_type::row_major) || (L == layout_type::column_major),
+                "Layout not supported for fixed array"
+            );
 #if (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
             using temp_type = std::index_sequence<X...>;
-            return R({ workaround::get_computed_strides<L, I, temp_type>(shape[I] == 1)... });
+            return R({workaround::get_computed_strides<L, I, temp_type>(shape[I] == 1)...});
 #else
-            return R({ shape[I] == 1 ? 0 : calculate_stride<L, I, X...>::value... });
+            return R({shape[I] == 1 ? 0 : calculate_stride<L, I, X...>::value...});
 #endif
         }
 
@@ -227,8 +231,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S, class T>
     constexpr T get_backstrides(const S& shape, const T& strides) noexcept
     {
-        return detail::get_backstrides_impl(shape, strides,
-                                            std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value>{});
+        return detail::get_backstrides_impl(shape, strides, std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value>{});
     }
 
     template <class V, class S>
@@ -254,12 +257,12 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_backstrides_type = backstrides_type;
 
         // NOTE: 0D (S::size() == 0) results in storage for 1 element (scalar)
-    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910 && !defined(_WIN64)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910 && !defined(_WIN64)
         // WORKAROUND FOR MSVC 2015 32 bit, fallback to unaligned container for 0D scalar case
         using storage_type = std::array<ET, detail::fixed_compute_size<S>::value>;
-    #else
+#else
         using storage_type = aligned_array<ET, detail::fixed_compute_size<S>::value>;
-    #endif
+#endif
 
         using reference = typename storage_type::reference;
         using const_reference = typename storage_type::const_reference;
@@ -365,7 +368,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_shape_type m_shape = S();
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_strides_type m_strides = get_strides<L, inner_strides_type>(S());
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_backstrides_type m_backstrides = get_backstrides(m_shape, m_strides);
+        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_backstrides_type
+            m_backstrides = get_backstrides(m_shape, m_strides);
 
         storage_type& storage_impl() noexcept;
         const storage_type& storage_impl() const noexcept;
@@ -380,13 +384,16 @@ namespace xt
 #ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
     // Out of line definitions to prevent linker errors prior to C++17
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_shape_type xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_shape;
+    constexpr
+        typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_shape_type xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_shape;
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_strides_type xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_strides;
+    constexpr
+        typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_strides_type xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_strides;
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_backstrides_type xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_backstrides;
+    constexpr typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_backstrides_type
+        xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_backstrides;
 #endif
 
     /****************************************
@@ -498,7 +505,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_shape_type m_shape = S();
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_strides_type m_strides = get_strides<L, inner_strides_type>(S());
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_backstrides_type m_backstrides = get_backstrides(m_shape, m_strides);
+        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC inner_backstrides_type
+            m_backstrides = get_backstrides(m_shape, m_strides);
 
         storage_type& storage_impl() noexcept;
         const storage_type& storage_impl() const noexcept;
@@ -513,13 +521,16 @@ namespace xt
 #ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
     // Out of line definitions to prevent linker errors prior to C++17
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_shape_type xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_shape;
+    constexpr
+        typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_shape_type xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_shape;
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_strides_type xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_strides;
+    constexpr
+        typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_strides_type xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_strides;
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_backstrides_type xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_backstrides;
+    constexpr typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_backstrides_type
+        xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_backstrides;
 #endif
 
     /************************************
@@ -542,8 +553,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
     inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(const inner_shape_type& shape, layout_type l)
     {
-        (void)(shape);
-        (void)(l);
+        (void) (shape);
+        (void) (l);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(shape.size() == N && std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()));
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(L == l);
     }
@@ -553,8 +564,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (this->size() != 1)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                          "wrong shape for scalar assignment (has to be xshape<>).");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "wrong shape for scalar assignment (has to be xshape<>).");
         }
         m_storage[0] = v;
     }
@@ -569,10 +579,14 @@ namespace xt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xfixed_container (unused!)
      */
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(const inner_shape_type& shape, value_type v, layout_type l)
-    {
-        (void)(shape);
-        (void)(l);
+    inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(
+        const inner_shape_type& shape,
+        value_type v,
+        layout_type l
+    )
+    {
+        (void) (shape);
+        (void) (l);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(shape.size() == N && std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()));
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(L == l);
         std::fill(m_storage.begin(), m_storage.end(), v);
@@ -619,8 +633,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Allocates an xfixed_container with shape S with values from a C array.
-     * The type returned by get_init_type_t is raw C array ``value_type[X][Y][Z]`` for ``xt::xshape<X, Y, Z>``.
-     * C arrays can be initialized with the initializer list syntax, but the size is checked at compile
+     * The type returned by get_init_type_t is raw C array ``value_type[X][Y][Z]`` for ``xt::xshape<X, Y,
+     * Z>``. C arrays can be initialized with the initializer list syntax, but the size is checked at compile
      * time to prevent errors.
      * Note: for clang < 3.8 this is an initializer_list and the size is not checked at compile-or runtime.
      */
@@ -628,10 +642,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class IX, class EN>
     inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t)
     {
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(detail::check_initializer_list_shape<N>::run(t, this->shape()) == true, "initializer list shape does not match fixed shape");
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(
+            detail::check_initializer_list_shape<N>::run(t, this->shape()) == true,
+            "initializer list shape does not match fixed shape"
+        );
         constexpr auto tmp = layout_type::row_major;
         L == tmp ? nested_copy(m_storage.begin(), t) : nested_copy(this->template begin<tmp>(), t);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -657,6 +675,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -667,7 +686,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline void xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::resize(ST&& shape, bool) const
     {
-        (void)(shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
+        (void) (shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size());
     }
 
@@ -679,9 +698,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline void xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::resize(ST&& shape, layout_type l) const
     {
-        (void)(shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
-        (void)(l);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size() && L == l);
+        (void) (shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
+        (void) (l);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(
+            std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size() && L == l
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -692,10 +713,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline void xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::resize(ST&& shape, const strides_type& strides) const
     {
-        (void)(shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
-        (void)(strides);
+        (void) (shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
+        (void) (strides);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size());
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(strides.begin(), strides.end(), m_strides.begin()) && strides.size() == m_strides.size());
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(
+            std::equal(strides.begin(), strides.end(), m_strides.begin()) && strides.size() == m_strides.size()
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -705,7 +728,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline auto const& xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout) const
     {
-        if (!(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size() && layout == L))
+        if (!(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size()
+              && layout == L))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Trying to reshape xtensor_fixed with different shape or layout.");
         }
@@ -729,9 +753,8 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         using str_type = typename inner_strides_type::value_type;
-        return m_strides.empty()
-            || (layout() == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
-            || (layout() == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1));
+        return m_strides.empty() || (layout() == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
+               || (layout() == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1));
     }
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
@@ -747,19 +770,22 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_shape_type&
+    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept
+        -> const inner_shape_type&
     {
         return m_shape;
     }
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_strides_type&
+    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept
+        -> const inner_strides_type&
     {
         return m_strides;
     }
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_backstrides_type&
+    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept
+        -> const inner_backstrides_type&
     {
         return m_backstrides;
     }
@@ -778,7 +804,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
     inline xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_adaptor(storage_type&& data)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::move(data))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::move(data))
     {
     }
 
@@ -788,7 +815,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
     inline xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_adaptor(const storage_type& data)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(data)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(data)
     {
     }
 
@@ -800,9 +828,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
     template <class D>
     inline xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_adaptor(D&& data)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::forward<D>(data))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::forward<D>(data))
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
@@ -842,6 +872,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -852,7 +883,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline void xfixed_adaptor<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::resize(ST&& shape, bool) const
     {
-        (void)(shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
+        (void) (shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size());
     }
 
@@ -864,9 +895,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline void xfixed_adaptor<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::resize(ST&& shape, layout_type l) const
     {
-        (void)(shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
-        (void)(l);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size() && L == l);
+        (void) (shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
+        (void) (l);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(
+            std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size() && L == l
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -877,10 +910,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline void xfixed_adaptor<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::resize(ST&& shape, const strides_type& strides) const
     {
-        (void)(shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
-        (void)(strides);
+        (void) (shape);  // remove unused parameter warning if XTENSOR_ASSERT undefined
+        (void) (strides);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size());
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::equal(strides.begin(), strides.end(), m_strides.begin()) && strides.size() == m_strides.size());
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(
+            std::equal(strides.begin(), strides.end(), m_strides.begin()) && strides.size() == m_strides.size()
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -890,7 +925,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline auto const& xfixed_adaptor<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout) const
     {
-        if (!(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size() && layout == L))
+        if (!(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size()
+              && layout == L))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Trying to reshape xtensor_fixed with different shape or layout.");
         }
@@ -926,25 +962,27 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         using str_type = typename inner_strides_type::value_type;
-        return m_strides.empty()
-            || (layout() == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
-            || (layout() == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1));
+        return m_strides.empty() || (layout() == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
+               || (layout() == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1));
     }
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_shape_type&
+    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept
+        -> const inner_shape_type&
     {
         return m_shape;
     }
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_strides_type&
+    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept
+        -> const inner_strides_type&
     {
         return m_strides;
     }
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_backstrides_type&
+    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept
+        -> const inner_backstrides_type&
     {
         return m_backstrides;
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 7c4c1da2d..1171a20e8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_FUNCTION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_FUNCTION_HPP
@@ -44,20 +44,22 @@ namespace xt
          * xfunction_cache_impl *
          ************************/
 
-        template<class S, class is_shape_trivial>
+        template <class S, class is_shape_trivial>
         struct xfunction_cache_impl
         {
             S shape;
             bool is_trivial;
             bool is_initialized;
 
-            xfunction_cache_impl() :
-                shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0))),
-                is_trivial(false),
-                is_initialized(false) {}
+            xfunction_cache_impl()
+                : shape(xtl::make_sequence<S>(0, std::size_t(0)))
+                , is_trivial(false)
+                , is_initialized(false)
+            {
+            }
         };
 
-        template<std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
+        template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
         struct xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>
         {
             XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC fixed_shape<N...> shape = fixed_shape<N...>();
@@ -65,17 +67,17 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC bool is_initialized = true;
         };
 
-        #ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
-            // Out of line definitions to prevent linker errors prior to C++17
-            template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
-            constexpr fixed_shape<N...> xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::shape;
+#ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
+        // Out of line definitions to prevent linker errors prior to C++17
+        template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
+        constexpr fixed_shape<N...> xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::shape;
 
-            template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
-            constexpr bool xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::is_trivial;
+        template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
+        constexpr bool xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::is_trivial;
 
-            template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
-            constexpr bool xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::is_initialized;
-        #endif
+        template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
+        constexpr bool xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::is_initialized;
+#endif
 
         template <class... CT>
         struct xfunction_bool_load_type
@@ -110,8 +112,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class F, class... CT>
-        struct xfunction_base
-            : xfunction_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT...>, F, CT...>
+        struct xfunction_base : xfunction_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT...>, F, CT...>
         {
         };
 
@@ -119,8 +120,10 @@ namespace xt
         using xfunction_base_t = typename xfunction_base<F, CT...>::type;
     }
 
-    template<class promote>
-    struct xfunction_cache : detail::xfunction_cache_impl<typename promote::type, promote> {};
+    template <class promote>
+    struct xfunction_cache : detail::xfunction_cache_impl<typename promote::type, promote>
+    {
+    };
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     class xfunction_iterator;
@@ -143,7 +146,8 @@ namespace xt
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfunction<F, CT...>>
     {
         // Added indirection for MSVC 2017 bug with the operator value_type()
-        using func_return_type = typename meta_identity<decltype(std::declval<F>()(std::declval<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>>>()...))>::type;
+        using func_return_type = typename meta_identity<decltype(std::declval<F>(
+        )(std::declval<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>>>()...))>::type;
         using value_type = std::decay_t<func_return_type>;
         using reference = func_return_type;
         using const_reference = reference;
@@ -151,10 +155,10 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class T, class F, class... CT>
-    struct has_simd_interface<xfunction<F, CT...>, T>
-        : xtl::conjunction<has_simd_type<T>,
-                           has_simd_apply<F, xt_simd::simd_type<T>>,
-                           has_simd_interface<std::decay_t<CT>, T>...>
+    struct has_simd_interface<xfunction<F, CT...>, T> : xtl::conjunction<
+                                                            has_simd_type<T>,
+                                                            has_simd_apply<F, xt_simd::simd_type<T>>,
+                                                            has_simd_interface<std::decay_t<CT>, T>...>
     {
     };
 
@@ -199,7 +203,8 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = common_difference_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>...>;
 
         using simd_value_type = xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>;
-        using bool_load_type = detail::xfunction_bool_load_type_t<CT...>;// xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::bool_load_type...>;
+        using bool_load_type = detail::xfunction_bool_load_type_t<CT...>;  // xtl::promote_type_t<typename
+                                                                           // std::decay_t<CT>::bool_load_type...>;
 
         template <class requested_type>
         using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class Func, class... CTA, class U = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of<std::decay_t<Func>, self_type>::value>>
         xfunction(Func&& f, CTA&&... e) noexcept;
 
-        template <class FA, class ... CTA>
+        template <class FA, class... CTA>
         xfunction(xfunction<FA, CTA...> xf) noexcept;
 
         ~xfunction() = default;
@@ -271,10 +276,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         using accessible_base::at;
         using accessible_base::operator[];
-        using accessible_base::periodic;
-        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
-        using accessible_base::front;
         using accessible_base::back;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::periodic;
 
         template <class It>
         const_reference element(It first, It last) const;
@@ -286,13 +291,13 @@ namespace xt
         bool has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept;
 
         using iterable_base::begin;
-        using iterable_base::end;
         using iterable_base::cbegin;
         using iterable_base::cend;
-        using iterable_base::rbegin;
-        using iterable_base::rend;
         using iterable_base::crbegin;
         using iterable_base::crend;
+        using iterable_base::end;
+        using iterable_base::rbegin;
+        using iterable_base::rend;
 
         const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const noexcept;
         const_linear_iterator linear_end() const noexcept;
@@ -316,8 +321,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class UT = self_type, class = typename std::enable_if<UT::only_scalar::value>::type>
         operator value_type() const;
 
-        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
+        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type, std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
         simd_return_type<requested_type> load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
         const tuple_type& arguments() const noexcept;
@@ -369,11 +373,12 @@ namespace xt
      **********************/
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    class xfunction_iterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>,
-                                                                        typename xfunction<F, CT...>::value_type,
-                                                                        typename xfunction<F, CT...>::difference_type,
-                                                                        typename xfunction<F, CT...>::pointer,
-                                                                        typename xfunction<F, CT...>::reference>
+    class xfunction_iterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<
+                                   xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>,
+                                   typename xfunction<F, CT...>::value_type,
+                                   typename xfunction<F, CT...>::difference_type,
+                                   typename xfunction<F, CT...>::pointer,
+                                   typename xfunction<F, CT...>::reference>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -411,21 +416,18 @@ namespace xt
         reference deref_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const;
 
         template <std::size_t... I>
-        difference_type tuple_max_diff(std::index_sequence<I...>,
-                                       const data_type& lhs,
-                                       const data_type& rhs) const;
+        difference_type
+        tuple_max_diff(std::index_sequence<I...>, const data_type& lhs, const data_type& rhs) const;
 
         const xfunction_type* p_f;
         data_type m_it;
     };
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    bool operator==(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1,
-                    const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2);
+    bool operator==(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1, const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2);
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    bool operator<(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1,
-                   const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2);
+    bool operator<(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1, const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2);
 
     /*********************
      * xfunction_stepper *
@@ -500,7 +502,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class Func, class... CTA, class U>
     inline xfunction<F, CT...>::xfunction(Func&& f, CTA&&... e) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)...), m_f(std::forward<Func>(f)) {}
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)...)
+        , m_f(std::forward<Func>(f))
+    {
+    }
 
     /**
      * Constructs an xfunction applying the specified function given by another
@@ -510,7 +515,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class FA, class... CTA>
     inline xfunction<F, CT...>::xfunction(xfunction<FA, CTA...> xf) noexcept
-        : m_e(xf.arguments()), m_f(xf.functor()) {}
+        : m_e(xf.arguments())
+        , m_f(xf.functor())
+    {
+    }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -543,14 +552,16 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::shape() const -> const inner_shape_type&
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<!detail::is_fixed<inner_shape_type>::value>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            if(!m_cache.is_initialized)
+        xtl::mpl::static_if<!detail::is_fixed<inner_shape_type>::value>(
+            [&](auto self)
             {
-                self(this)->compute_cached_shape();
-            }
-        },
-        [](auto /*self*/){});
+                if (!m_cache.is_initialized)
+                {
+                    self(this)->compute_cached_shape();
+                }
+            },
+            [](auto /*self*/) {}
+        );
         return m_cache.shape;
     }
 
@@ -566,7 +577,15 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline bool xfunction<F, CT...>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
-        return layout() != layout_type::dynamic && accumulate([](bool r, const auto& exp) { return r && exp.is_contiguous(); }, true, m_e);
+        return layout() != layout_type::dynamic
+               && accumulate(
+                   [](bool r, const auto& exp)
+                   {
+                       return r && exp.is_contiguous();
+                   },
+                   true,
+                   m_e
+               );
     }
 
     //@}
@@ -646,6 +665,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return element_access_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), first, last);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -662,7 +682,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline bool xfunction<F, CT...>::broadcast_shape(S& shape, bool reuse_cache) const
     {
-        if(m_cache.is_initialized && reuse_cache)
+        if (m_cache.is_initialized && reuse_cache)
         {
             std::copy(m_cache.shape.cbegin(), m_cache.shape.cend(), shape.begin());
             return m_cache.is_trivial;
@@ -670,7 +690,10 @@ namespace xt
         else
         {
             // e.broadcast_shape must be evaluated even if b is false
-            auto func = [&shape](bool b, auto&& e) { return e.broadcast_shape(shape) && b; };
+            auto func = [&shape](bool b, auto&& e)
+            {
+                return e.broadcast_shape(shape) && b;
+            };
             return accumulate(func, true, m_e);
         }
     }
@@ -684,9 +707,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline bool xfunction<F, CT...>::has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept
     {
-        auto func = [&strides](bool b, auto&& e) { return b && e.has_linear_assign(strides); };
+        auto func = [&strides](bool b, auto&& e)
+        {
+            return b && e.has_linear_assign(strides);
+        };
         return accumulate(func, true, m_e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -704,14 +731,20 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return xt::linear_begin(e); };
+        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_begin(e);
+        };
         return build_iterator(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::linear_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept { return xt::linear_end(e); };
+        auto f = [](const auto& e) noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_end(e);
+        };
         return build_iterator(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
@@ -743,7 +776,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::stepper_begin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
-        auto f = [&shape](const auto& e) noexcept { return e.stepper_begin(shape); };
+        auto f = [&shape](const auto& e) noexcept
+        {
+            return e.stepper_begin(shape);
+        };
         return build_stepper(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
@@ -751,7 +787,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept -> const_stepper
     {
-        auto f = [&shape, l](const auto& e) noexcept { return e.stepper_end(shape, l); };
+        auto f = [&shape, l](const auto& e) noexcept
+        {
+            return e.stepper_end(shape, l);
+        };
         return build_stepper(f, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
     }
 
@@ -770,8 +809,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::load_simd(size_type i) const
-        -> simd_return_type<requested_type>
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::load_simd(size_type i) const -> simd_return_type<requested_type>
     {
         return load_simd_impl<align, requested_type, N>(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), i);
     }
@@ -797,7 +835,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <std::size_t... I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const
+        -> const_reference
     {
         XTENSOR_TRY(check_index(shape(), args...));
         XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION(shape(), args...);
@@ -806,14 +845,16 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <std::size_t... I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const
+        -> const_reference
     {
         return m_f(std::get<I>(m_e).unchecked(args...)...);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <std::size_t... I, class It>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::element_access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, It first, It last) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::element_access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, It first, It last) const
+        -> const_reference
     {
         XTENSOR_TRY(check_element_index(shape(), first, last));
         return m_f((std::get<I>(m_e).element(first, last))...);
@@ -821,7 +862,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::data_element_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, size_type i) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::data_element_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, size_type i) const
+        -> const_reference
     {
         return m_f((std::get<I>(m_e).data_element(i))...);
     }
@@ -830,13 +872,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, std::size_t... I>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::load_simd_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, size_type i) const
     {
-        return m_f.simd_apply((std::get<I>(m_e)
-            .template load_simd<align, requested_type>(i))...);
+        return m_f.simd_apply((std::get<I>(m_e).template load_simd<align, requested_type>(i))...);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class Func, std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::build_stepper(Func&& f, std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::build_stepper(Func&& f, std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
+        -> const_stepper
     {
         return const_stepper(this, f(std::get<I>(m_e))...);
     }
@@ -851,7 +893,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::compute_dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
-        auto func = [](size_type d, auto&& e) noexcept { return (std::max)(d, e.dimension()); };
+        auto func = [](size_type d, auto&& e) noexcept
+        {
+            return (std::max)(d, e.dimension());
+        };
         return accumulate(func, size_type(0), m_e);
     }
 
@@ -862,14 +907,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class... It>
     inline xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::xfunction_iterator(const xfunction_type* func, It&&... it) noexcept
-        : p_f(func), m_it(std::forward<It>(it)...)
+        : p_f(func)
+        , m_it(std::forward<It>(it)...)
     {
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::operator++() -> self_type&
     {
-        auto f = [](auto& it) { ++it; };
+        auto f = [](auto& it)
+        {
+            ++it;
+        };
         for_each(f, m_it);
         return *this;
     }
@@ -877,7 +926,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::operator--() -> self_type&
     {
-        auto f = [](auto& it) { return --it; };
+        auto f = [](auto& it)
+        {
+            return --it;
+        };
         for_each(f, m_it);
         return *this;
     }
@@ -885,7 +937,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::operator+=(difference_type n) -> self_type&
     {
-        auto f = [n](auto& it) { it += n; };
+        auto f = [n](auto& it)
+        {
+            it += n;
+        };
         for_each(f, m_it);
         return *this;
     }
@@ -893,7 +948,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::operator-=(difference_type n) -> self_type&
     {
-        auto f = [n](auto& it) { it -= n; };
+        auto f = [n](auto& it)
+        {
+            it -= n;
+        };
         for_each(f, m_it);
         return *this;
     }
@@ -939,25 +997,28 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::tuple_max_diff(std::index_sequence<I...>,
-                                                                const data_type& lhs,
-                                                                const data_type& rhs) const -> difference_type
+    inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::tuple_max_diff(
+        std::index_sequence<I...>,
+        const data_type& lhs,
+        const data_type& rhs
+    ) const -> difference_type
     {
         auto diff = std::make_tuple((std::get<I>(lhs) - std::get<I>(rhs))...);
-        auto func = [](difference_type n, auto&& v) { return (std::max)(n, v); };
+        auto func = [](difference_type n, auto&& v)
+        {
+            return (std::max)(n, v);
+        };
         return accumulate(func, difference_type(0), diff);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline bool operator==(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1,
-                           const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2)
+    inline bool operator==(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1, const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2)
     {
         return it1.equal(it2);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
-    inline bool operator<(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1,
-                          const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2)
+    inline bool operator<(const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it1, const xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>& it2)
     {
         return it1.less_than(it2);
     }
@@ -969,63 +1030,88 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class... St>
     inline xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::xfunction_stepper(const xfunction_type* func, St&&... st) noexcept
-        : p_f(func), m_st(std::forward<St>(st)...)
+        : p_f(func)
+        , m_st(std::forward<St>(st)...)
     {
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto f = [dim](auto& st) { st.step(dim); };
+        auto f = [dim](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.step(dim);
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto f = [dim](auto& st) { st.step_back(dim); };
+        auto f = [dim](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.step_back(dim);
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto f = [dim, n](auto& st) { st.step(dim, n); };
+        auto f = [dim, n](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.step(dim, n);
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step_back(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto f = [dim, n](auto& st) { st.step_back(dim, n); };
+        auto f = [dim, n](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.step_back(dim, n);
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::reset(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto f = [dim](auto& st) { st.reset(dim); };
+        auto f = [dim](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.reset(dim);
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::reset_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto f = [dim](auto& st) { st.reset_back(dim); };
+        auto f = [dim](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.reset_back(dim);
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::to_begin()
     {
-        auto f = [](auto& st) { st.to_begin(); };
+        auto f = [](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.to_begin();
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::to_end(layout_type l)
     {
-        auto f = [l](auto& st) { st.to_end(l); };
+        auto f = [l](auto& st)
+        {
+            st.to_end(l);
+        };
         for_each(f, m_st);
     }
 
@@ -1046,7 +1132,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t... I>
     inline auto xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step_simd_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) -> simd_return_type<T>
     {
-        return (p_f->m_f.simd_apply)(std::get<I>(m_st). template step_simd<T>()...);
+        return (p_f->m_f.simd_apply)(std::get<I>(m_st).template step_simd<T>()...);
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -1059,7 +1145,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline void xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step_leading()
     {
-        auto step_leading_lambda = [](auto&& st) { st.step_leading(); };
+        auto step_leading_lambda = [](auto&& st)
+        {
+            st.step_leading();
+        };
         for_each(step_leading_lambda, m_st);
     }
 }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 43d941360..5fc682768 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_FUNCTOR_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_FUNCTOR_VIEW_HPP
@@ -19,13 +19,12 @@
 #include <xtl/xproxy_wrapper.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xiterator.hpp"
 #include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
-
-#include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -52,8 +51,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class F, class CT>
-        struct xfunctor_view_base
-            : xfunctor_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, F, CT>
+        struct xfunctor_view_base : xfunctor_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, F, CT>
         {
         };
 
@@ -95,20 +93,24 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
 
         using shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
-        using strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                 detail::expr_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                 get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                     detail::expr_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                     get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
         using inner_shape_type = typename xexpression_type::inner_shape_type;
-        using inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                       detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                       get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                           detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                           get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
 
@@ -121,27 +123,41 @@ namespace xt
         template <layout_type L>
         using layout_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::template layout_iterator<L>>;
         template <layout_type L>
-        using const_layout_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::template const_layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using const_layout_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<
+            const functor_type,
+            typename xexpression_type::template const_layout_iterator<L>>;
 
         template <layout_type L>
-        using reverse_layout_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::template reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using reverse_layout_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<
+            functor_type,
+            typename xexpression_type::template reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
         template <layout_type L>
-        using const_reverse_layout_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using const_reverse_layout_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<
+            const functor_type,
+            typename xexpression_type::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
 
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, xiterator<typename xexpression_type::stepper, S, L>>;
         template <class S, layout_type L>
-        using const_broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, xiterator<typename xexpression_type::const_stepper, S, L>>;
+        using const_broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<
+            functor_type,
+            xiterator<typename xexpression_type::const_stepper, S, L>>;
 
         template <class S, layout_type L>
-        using reverse_broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::template reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>>;
+        using reverse_broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<
+            functor_type,
+            typename xexpression_type::template reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>>;
         template <class S, layout_type L>
-        using const_reverse_broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::template const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>>;
+        using const_reverse_broadcast_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<
+            functor_type,
+            typename xexpression_type::template const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>>;
 
         using linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>;
         using const_linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator>;
         using reverse_linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::reverse_linear_iterator>;
-        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_reverse_linear_iterator>;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<
+            const functor_type,
+            typename xexpression_type::const_reverse_linear_iterator>;
 
         using iterator = xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, typename xexpression_type::iterator>;
         using const_iterator = xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, typename xexpression_type::const_iterator>;
@@ -183,9 +199,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         using accessible_base::at;
         using accessible_base::operator[];
-        using accessible_base::periodic;
-        using accessible_base::front;
         using accessible_base::back;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::periodic;
 
         using accessible_base::in_bounds;
 
@@ -213,8 +229,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class FCT = functor_type>
-        auto flat(size_type i)
-            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>()(std::declval<undecay_expression>().flat(i)))
+        auto flat(size_type i) -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>()(std::declval<undecay_expression>().flat(i)))
         {
             return m_functor(m_e.flat(i));
         }
@@ -228,17 +243,24 @@ namespace xt
 
         // The following functions are defined inline because otherwise signatures
         // don't match on GCC.
-        template <class align, class requested_type = typename xexpression_type::value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size, class FCT = functor_type>
+        template <
+            class align,
+            class requested_type = typename xexpression_type::value_type,
+            std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
+            class FCT = functor_type>
         auto load_simd(size_type i) const
-            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>().template proxy_simd_load<align, requested_type, N>(std::declval<undecay_expression>(), i))
+            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>().template proxy_simd_load<align, requested_type, N>(
+                std::declval<undecay_expression>(),
+                i
+            ))
         {
             return m_functor.template proxy_simd_load<align, requested_type, N>(m_e, i);
         }
 
         template <class align, class simd, class FCT = functor_type>
         auto store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
-            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>().template proxy_simd_store<align>(std::declval<undecay_expression>(), i, e))
+            -> decltype(std::declval<FCT>()
+                            .template proxy_simd_store<align>(std::declval<undecay_expression>(), i, e))
         {
             return m_functor.template proxy_simd_store<align>(m_e, i, e);
         }
@@ -337,9 +359,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D, class T>
     struct has_simd_interface<xfunctor_applier_base<D>, T>
-        : xtl::conjunction<has_simd_type<T>,
-                           has_simd_interface<typename xfunctor_applier_base<D>::xexpression_type>,
-                           detail::has_simd_interface_impl<xfunctor_applier_base<D>, T>>
+        : xtl::conjunction<
+              has_simd_type<T>,
+              has_simd_interface<typename xfunctor_applier_base<D>::xexpression_type>,
+              detail::has_simd_interface_impl<xfunctor_applier_base<D>, T>>
     {
     };
 
@@ -514,7 +537,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto resize(S&& shape, const strides_type& strides);
 
         template <class S = shape_type>
-        auto & reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout = base_type::static_layout) &;
+        auto& reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout = base_type::static_layout) &;
 
     private:
 
@@ -548,11 +571,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class IT>
-    class xfunctor_iterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>,
-                                                                       typename std::decay_t<F>::value_type,
-                                                                       typename std::iterator_traits<IT>::difference_type,
-                                                                       typename xproxy_inner_types<detail::xfunctor_invoker_t<F, IT>>::pointer,
-                                                                       typename xproxy_inner_types<detail::xfunctor_invoker_t<F, IT>>::reference>
+    class xfunctor_iterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<
+                                  xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>,
+                                  typename std::decay_t<F>::value_type,
+                                  typename std::iterator_traits<IT>::difference_type,
+                                  typename xproxy_inner_types<detail::xfunctor_invoker_t<F, IT>>::pointer,
+                                  typename xproxy_inner_types<detail::xfunctor_invoker_t<F, IT>>::reference>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -591,12 +615,10 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class F, class IT>
-    bool operator==(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs,
-                    const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs);
+    bool operator==(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs, const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs);
 
     template <class F, class IT>
-    bool operator<(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs,
-                   const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs);
+    bool operator<(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs, const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs);
 
     /********************************
      * xfunctor_stepper declaration *
@@ -655,7 +677,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     inline xfunctor_applier_base<D>::xfunctor_applier_base(undecay_expression e) noexcept
-        : m_e(e), m_functor(functor_type())
+        : m_e(e)
+        , m_functor(functor_type())
     {
     }
 
@@ -668,9 +691,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class D>
     template <class Func, class E>
     inline xfunctor_applier_base<D>::xfunctor_applier_base(Func&& func, E&& e) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<E>(e)), m_functor(std::forward<Func>(func))
+        : m_e(std::forward<E>(e))
+        , m_functor(std::forward<Func>(func))
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -727,6 +752,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e.is_contiguous();
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -862,6 +888,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -893,6 +920,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e.has_linear_assign(strides);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -907,8 +935,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::begin() noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template begin<L>())>
-            (m_e.template begin<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template begin<L>())>(
+            m_e.template begin<L>(),
+            &m_functor
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -920,8 +950,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::end() noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template end<L>())>
-            (m_e.template end<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template end<L>())>(m_e.template end<L>(), &m_functor);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -955,8 +984,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::cbegin() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template cbegin<L>())>
-            (m_e.template cbegin<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template cbegin<L>())>(
+            m_e.template cbegin<L>(),
+            &m_functor
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -968,9 +999,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::cend() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template cend<L>())>
-            (m_e.template cend<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template cend<L>())>(
+            m_e.template cend<L>(),
+            &m_functor
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -1014,7 +1048,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S, layout_type L>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::begin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::begin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return cbegin<S, L>(shape);
     }
@@ -1042,7 +1077,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S, layout_type L>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::cbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::cbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(m_e.template cbegin<S, L>(shape), &m_functor);
     }
@@ -1060,6 +1096,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(m_e.template cend<S, L>(shape), &m_functor);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -1074,8 +1111,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::rbegin() noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rbegin<L>())>
-            (m_e.template rbegin<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rbegin<L>())>(
+            m_e.template rbegin<L>(),
+            &m_functor
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1087,8 +1126,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::rend() noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rend<L>())>
-            (m_e.template rend<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rend<L>())>(
+            m_e.template rend<L>(),
+            &m_functor
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1122,8 +1163,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crbegin() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rbegin<L>())>
-            (m_e.template rbegin<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rbegin<L>())>(
+            m_e.template rbegin<L>(),
+            &m_functor
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1135,9 +1178,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crend() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rend<L>())>
-            (m_e.template rend<L>(), &m_functor);
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rend<L>())>(
+            m_e.template rend<L>(),
+            &m_functor
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -1181,7 +1227,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S, layout_type L>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::rbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::rbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return crbegin<S, L>(shape);
     }
@@ -1195,7 +1242,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S, layout_type L>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::rend(const S& /*shape*/) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::rend(const S& /*shape*/) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return crend<S, L>();
     }
@@ -1209,7 +1257,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S, layout_type L>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crbegin(const S& /*shape*/) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crbegin(const S& /*shape*/) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(m_e.template crbegin<S, L>(), &m_functor);
     }
@@ -1223,10 +1272,12 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S, layout_type L>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crend(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crend(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(m_e.template crend<S, L>(shape), &m_functor);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
@@ -1329,13 +1380,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept
+        -> const_stepper
     {
         const xexpression_type& const_m_e = m_e;
         return const_stepper(const_m_e.stepper_end(shape, l), &m_functor);
     }
 
-
     /********************************
      * xfunctor_view implementation *
      ********************************/
@@ -1351,8 +1402,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xfunctor_view<F, CT>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> self_type&
     {
-        bool cond = (e.derived_cast().shape().size() == this->dimension()) &&
-                     std::equal(this->shape().begin(), this->shape().end(), e.derived_cast().shape().begin());
+        bool cond = (e.derived_cast().shape().size() == this->dimension())
+                    && std::equal(this->shape().begin(), this->shape().end(), e.derived_cast().shape().begin());
         if (!cond)
         {
             semantic_base::operator=(broadcast(e.derived_cast(), this->shape()));
@@ -1363,6 +1414,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         return *this;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class F, class CT>
@@ -1416,6 +1468,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         return *this;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class F, class CT>
@@ -1441,7 +1494,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class CT>
     template <class S>
-    auto & xfunctor_adaptor<F, CT>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) &
+    auto& xfunctor_adaptor<F, CT>::reshape(S&& shape, layout_type layout) &
     {
         this->m_e.reshape(std::forward<S>(shape), layout);
         return *this;
@@ -1453,7 +1506,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class IT>
     xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>::xfunctor_iterator(const IT& it, functor_type* pf)
-        : m_it(it), p_functor(pf)
+        : m_it(it)
+        , p_functor(pf)
     {
     }
 
@@ -1516,15 +1570,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class IT>
-    bool operator==(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs,
-                    const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs)
+    bool operator==(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs, const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.equal(rhs);
     }
 
     template <class F, class IT>
-    bool operator<(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs,
-                   const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs)
+    bool operator<(const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& lhs, const xfunctor_iterator<F, IT>& rhs)
     {
         return !lhs.less_than(rhs);
     }
@@ -1535,7 +1587,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class ST>
     xfunctor_stepper<F, ST>::xfunctor_stepper(const ST& stepper, functor_type* pf)
-        : m_stepper(stepper), p_functor(pf)
+        : m_stepper(stepper)
+        , p_functor(pf)
     {
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index 51bec47fc..1c4fb0849 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_GENERATOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_GENERATOR_HPP
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xiterable.hpp"
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 #include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xutils.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -162,13 +162,13 @@ namespace xt
         rebind_t<OR, OF> build_generator(OF&& func) const;
 
         template <class O = xt::dynamic_shape<typename shape_type::value_type>>
-        auto reshape(O&& shape) const &;
+        auto reshape(O&& shape) const&;
 
         template <class O = xt::dynamic_shape<typename shape_type::value_type>>
         auto reshape(O&& shape) &&;
 
         template <class T>
-        auto reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape) const &;
+        auto reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape) const&;
 
         template <class T>
         auto reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape) &&;
@@ -211,9 +211,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     template <class Func>
     inline xgenerator<F, R, S>::xgenerator(Func&& f, const S& shape) noexcept
-        : m_f(std::forward<Func>(f)), m_shape(shape)
+        : m_f(std::forward<Func>(f))
+        , m_shape(shape)
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -303,6 +305,7 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_TRY(check_element_index(shape(), first, last));
         return m_f.element(bounded_iterator(first, shape().cbegin()), bounded_iterator(last, shape().cend()));
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -333,6 +336,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return false;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class F, class R, class S>
@@ -384,7 +388,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     template <class O>
-    inline auto xgenerator<F, R, S>::reshape(O&& shape) const &
+    inline auto xgenerator<F, R, S>::reshape(O&& shape) const&
     {
         return reshape_view(*this, compute_shape(shape, xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<O>::value_type>()));
     }
@@ -393,12 +397,15 @@ namespace xt
     template <class O>
     inline auto xgenerator<F, R, S>::reshape(O&& shape) &&
     {
-        return reshape_view(std::move(*this), compute_shape(shape, xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<O>::value_type>()));
+        return reshape_view(
+            std::move(*this),
+            compute_shape(shape, xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<O>::value_type>())
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xgenerator<F, R, S>::reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape) const &
+    inline auto xgenerator<F, R, S>::reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape) const&
     {
         return reshape_view(*this, compute_shape(shape));
     }
@@ -427,10 +434,10 @@ namespace xt
         int_type accumulator(1);
         std::size_t neg_idx = 0;
         std::size_t i = 0;
-        for(std::size_t j = 0; j != shape.size(); ++j, ++i)
+        for (std::size_t j = 0; j != shape.size(); ++j, ++i)
         {
             auto dim = shape[j];
-            if(dim < 0)
+            if (dim < 0)
             {
                 XTENSOR_ASSERT(dim == -1 && !neg_idx);
                 neg_idx = i;
@@ -441,9 +448,10 @@ namespace xt
             }
             accumulator *= dim;
         }
-        if(accumulator < 0)
+        if (accumulator < 0)
         {
-            sh[neg_idx] = this->size() / static_cast<size_type>(std::make_unsigned_t<int_type>(std::abs(accumulator)));
+            sh[neg_idx] = this->size()
+                          / static_cast<size_type>(std::make_unsigned_t<int_type>(std::abs(accumulator)));
         }
         return sh;
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 7b3768744..6f6faef76 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 /**
  * @brief construct histogram
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_HISTOGRAM_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_HISTOGRAM_HPP
 
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xsort.hpp"
 #include "xset_operation.hpp"
+#include "xsort.hpp"
+#include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xview.hpp"
 
 using namespace xt::placeholders;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::is_sorted(bin_edges.cbegin(), bin_edges.cend()));
 
             size_t n_bins = bin_edges.size() - 1;
-            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> count = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n_bins });
+            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> count = xt::zeros<value_type>({n_bins});
 
             if (equal_bins)
             {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace xt
             return prob;
         }
 
-    } //detail
+    }  // detail
 
     /**
      * @ingroup histogram
@@ -141,11 +141,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R = double, class E1, class E2, class E3>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, E2&& bin_edges, E3&& weights, bool density = false)
     {
-        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                        std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
-                                        std::forward<E3>(weights),
-                                        density,
-                                        false);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
+            std::forward<E3>(weights),
+            density,
+            false
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -164,11 +166,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                        std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
-                                        xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                                        density,
-                                        false);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            std::forward<E2>(bin_edges),
+            xt::ones<value_type>({n}),
+            density,
+            false
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -187,11 +191,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, xt::ones<value_type>({ n }), bins),
-                                        xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                                        density,
-                                        true);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            histogram_bin_edges(data, xt::ones<value_type>({n}), bins),
+            xt::ones<value_type>({n}),
+            density,
+            true
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -212,11 +218,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, left, right, bins),
-                                        xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                                        density,
-                                        true);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            histogram_bin_edges(data, left, right, bins),
+            xt::ones<value_type>({n}),
+            density,
+            true
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -232,11 +240,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R = double, class E1, class E2>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, std::size_t bins, E2&& weights, bool density = false)
     {
-        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, bins),
-                                        std::forward<E2>(weights),
-                                        density,
-                                        true);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, bins),
+            std::forward<E2>(weights),
+            density,
+            true
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -254,11 +264,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R = double, class E1, class E2, class E3>
     inline auto histogram(E1&& data, std::size_t bins, E2&& weights, E3 left, E3 right, bool density = false)
     {
-        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                        histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, left, right, bins),
-                                        std::forward<E2>(weights),
-                                        density,
-                                        true);
+        return detail::histogram_imp<R>(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            histogram_bin_edges(data, weights, left, right, bins),
+            std::forward<E2>(weights),
+            density,
+            true
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -286,12 +298,14 @@ namespace xt
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bins+1.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2, class E3>
-    inline auto histogram_bin_edges(E1&& data,
-                                    E2&& weights,
-                                    E3 left,
-                                    E3 right,
-                                    std::size_t bins = 10,
-                                    histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic)
+    inline auto histogram_bin_edges(
+        E1&& data,
+        E2&& weights,
+        E3 left,
+        E3 right,
+        std::size_t bins = 10,
+        histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic
+    )
     {
         // counter and return type
         using size_type = common_size_type_t<std::decay_t<E1>, std::decay_t<E2>>;
@@ -315,27 +329,25 @@ namespace xt
             // bins of equal width
             case histogram_algorithm::automatic:
             {
-                xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges
-                    = xt::linspace<value_type>(left, right, bins + 1);
+                xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges = xt::linspace<value_type>(left, right, bins + 1);
                 return bin_edges;
             }
 
             // bins of equal width
             case histogram_algorithm::linspace:
             {
-                xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges
-                    = xt::linspace<value_type>(left, right, bins + 1);
+                xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges = xt::linspace<value_type>(left, right, bins + 1);
                 return bin_edges;
             }
 
             // bins of logarithmically increasing size
             case histogram_algorithm::logspace:
             {
-                using rhs_value_type
-                    = std::conditional_t<xtl::is_integral<value_type>::value, double, value_type>;
+                using rhs_value_type = std::conditional_t<xtl::is_integral<value_type>::value, double, value_type>;
 
                 xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges = xt::cast<value_type>(
-                    xt::logspace<rhs_value_type>(std::log10(left), std::log10(right), bins + 1));
+                    xt::logspace<rhs_value_type>(std::log10(left), std::log10(right), bins + 1)
+                );
 
                 // TODO: replace above with below after 'xsimd' fix
                 // xt::xtensor<value_type,1> bin_edges = xt::logspace<value_type>(
@@ -352,17 +364,16 @@ namespace xt
 
                 // histogram: all of equal 'height'
                 // - height
-                weights_type w
-                    = xt::sum<weights_type>(weights)[0] / static_cast<weights_type>(bins);
+                weights_type w = xt::sum<weights_type>(weights)[0] / static_cast<weights_type>(bins);
                 // - apply to all bins
-                xt::xtensor<weights_type, 1> count = w * xt::ones<weights_type>({ bins });
+                xt::xtensor<weights_type, 1> count = w * xt::ones<weights_type>({bins});
 
                 // take cumulative sum, to act as easy look-up
                 count = xt::cumsum(count);
 
                 // edges
                 // - allocate
-                std::vector<size_t> shape = { bins + 1 };
+                std::vector<size_t> shape = {bins + 1};
                 xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges = xtensor<value_type, 1>::from_shape(shape);
                 // - first/last edge
                 bin_edges[0] = left;
@@ -387,8 +398,7 @@ namespace xt
             // bins of equal width
             default:
             {
-                xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges
-                    = xt::linspace<value_type>(left, right, bins + 1);
+                xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> bin_edges = xt::linspace<value_type>(left, right, bins + 1);
                 return bin_edges;
             }
         }
@@ -405,21 +415,25 @@ namespace xt
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bins+1.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto histogram_bin_edges(E1&& data,
-                                    E2&& weights,
-                                    std::size_t bins = 10,
-                                    histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic)
+    inline auto histogram_bin_edges(
+        E1&& data,
+        E2&& weights,
+        std::size_t bins = 10,
+        histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic
+    )
     {
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
         std::array<value_type, 2> left_right;
         left_right = xt::minmax(data)();
 
-        return histogram_bin_edges(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                   std::forward<E2>(weights),
-                                   left_right[0],
-                                   left_right[1],
-                                   bins,
-                                   mode);
+        return histogram_bin_edges(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            std::forward<E2>(weights),
+            left_right[0],
+            left_right[1],
+            bins,
+            mode
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -432,9 +446,8 @@ namespace xt
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bins+1.
      */
     template <class E1>
-    inline auto histogram_bin_edges(E1&& data,
-                                    std::size_t bins = 10,
-                                    histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic)
+    inline auto
+    histogram_bin_edges(E1&& data, std::size_t bins = 10, histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic)
     {
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
 
@@ -442,12 +455,14 @@ namespace xt
         std::array<value_type, 2> left_right;
         left_right = xt::minmax(data)();
 
-        return histogram_bin_edges(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                                   xt::ones<value_type>({ n }),
-                                   left_right[0],
-                                   left_right[1],
-                                   bins,
-                                   mode);
+        return histogram_bin_edges(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            xt::ones<value_type>({n}),
+            left_right[0],
+            left_right[1],
+            bins,
+            mode
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -462,18 +477,19 @@ namespace xt
      * @return An one-dimensional xarray<double>, length: bins+1.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto histogram_bin_edges(E1&& data,
-                                    E2 left,
-                                    E2 right,
-                                    std::size_t bins = 10,
-                                    histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic)
+    inline auto histogram_bin_edges(
+        E1&& data,
+        E2 left,
+        E2 right,
+        std::size_t bins = 10,
+        histogram_algorithm mode = histogram_algorithm::automatic
+    )
     {
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
 
         auto n = data.size();
 
-        return histogram_bin_edges(
-            std::forward<E1>(data), xt::ones<value_type>({ n }), left, right, bins, mode);
+        return histogram_bin_edges(std::forward<E1>(data), xt::ones<value_type>({n}), left, right, bins, mode);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -500,8 +516,10 @@ namespace xt
         using input_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
         using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::size_type;
 
-        static_assert(xtl::is_integral<typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>::value,
-                      "Bincount data has to be integral type.");
+        static_assert(
+            xtl::is_integral<typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>::value,
+            "Bincount data has to be integral type."
+        );
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(data.dimension() == 1);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(weights.dimension() == 1);
 
@@ -510,12 +528,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         if (left_right[0] < input_value_type(0))
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                "Data argument for bincount can only contain positive integers!");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Data argument for bincount can only contain positive integers!");
         }
 
-        xt::xtensor<result_value_type, 1> res = xt::zeros<result_value_type>(
-            { (std::max)(minlength, std::size_t(left_right[1] + 1)) });
+        xt::xtensor<result_value_type, 1> res = xt::zeros<result_value_type>({(std::max
+        )(minlength, std::size_t(left_right[1] + 1))});
 
         for (size_type i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
         {
@@ -528,9 +545,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1>
     inline auto bincount(E1&& data, std::size_t minlength = 0)
     {
-        return bincount(std::forward<E1>(data),
-                        xt::ones<typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>(data.shape()),
-                        minlength);
+        return bincount(
+            std::forward<E1>(data),
+            xt::ones<typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>(data.shape()),
+            minlength
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -551,12 +570,12 @@ namespace xt
             return n;
         }
 
-        #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
 
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::all(weights >= static_cast<value_type>(0)));
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::sum(weights)() > static_cast<value_type>(0));
-        #endif
+#endif
 
         xt::xtensor<double, 1> P = xt::cast<double>(weights) / static_cast<double>(xt::sum(weights)());
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> n = xt::ceil(static_cast<double>(N) * P);
@@ -585,7 +604,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return 1D container with the number of items per bin
      */
-    inline xt::xtensor<size_t,1> bin_items(size_t N, size_t bins)
+    inline xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> bin_items(size_t N, size_t bins)
     {
         return bin_items(N, xt::ones<double>({bins}));
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
index 1a298a4ed..cdedeffd2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_INDEX_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_INDEX_VIEW_HPP
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class CT, class I>
-        struct xindex_view_base
-            : xindex_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, I>
+        struct xindex_view_base : xindex_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, I>
         {
         };
 
@@ -286,9 +285,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class I>
     template <class CTA, class I2>
     inline xindex_view<CT, I>::xindex_view(CTA&& e, I2&& indices) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)), m_indices(std::forward<I2>(indices)), m_shape({ m_indices.size() })
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
+        , m_indices(std::forward<I2>(indices))
+        , m_shape({m_indices.size()})
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -304,6 +306,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class I>
@@ -351,7 +354,6 @@ namespace xt
         return m_shape;
     }
 
-
     /**
      * Returns the i-th dimension of the expression.
      */
@@ -455,16 +457,14 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class I>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](const S& index)
-        -> disable_integral_t<S, reference>
+    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](const S& index) -> disable_integral_t<S, reference>
     {
         return m_e[m_indices[index[0]]];
     }
 
     template <class CT, class I>
     template <class OI>
-    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](std::initializer_list<OI> index)
-        -> reference
+    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](std::initializer_list<OI> index) -> reference
     {
         return m_e[m_indices[*(index.begin())]];
     }
@@ -483,16 +483,14 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class I>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](const S& index) const
-        -> disable_integral_t<S, const_reference>
+    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](const S& index) const -> disable_integral_t<S, const_reference>
     {
         return m_e[m_indices[index[0]]];
     }
 
     template <class CT, class I>
     template <class OI>
-    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](std::initializer_list<OI> index) const
-        -> const_reference
+    inline auto xindex_view<CT, I>::operator[](std::initializer_list<OI> index) const -> const_reference
     {
         return m_e[m_indices[*(index.begin())]];
     }
@@ -544,6 +542,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -574,6 +573,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return false;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /***************
@@ -637,9 +637,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ECT, class CCT>
     template <class ECTA, class CCTA>
     inline xfiltration<ECT, CCT>::xfiltration(ECTA&& e, CCTA&& condition)
-        : m_e(std::forward<ECTA>(e)), m_condition(std::forward<CCTA>(condition))
+        : m_e(std::forward<ECTA>(e))
+        , m_condition(std::forward<CCTA>(condition))
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -655,8 +657,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xfiltration<ECT, CCT>::operator=(const E& e) -> disable_xexpression<E, self_type&>
     {
-        return apply([this, &e](const_reference v, bool cond) { return cond ? e : v; });
+        return apply(
+            [this, &e](const_reference v, bool cond)
+            {
+                return cond ? e : v;
+            }
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -672,7 +680,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xfiltration<ECT, CCT>::operator+=(const E& e) -> disable_xexpression<E, self_type&>
     {
-        return apply([&e](const_reference v, bool cond) { return cond ? v + e : v; });
+        return apply(
+            [&e](const_reference v, bool cond)
+            {
+                return cond ? v + e : v;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -684,7 +697,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xfiltration<ECT, CCT>::operator-=(const E& e) -> disable_xexpression<E, self_type&>
     {
-        return apply([&e](const_reference v, bool cond) { return cond ? v - e : v; });
+        return apply(
+            [&e](const_reference v, bool cond)
+            {
+                return cond ? v - e : v;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -696,7 +714,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xfiltration<ECT, CCT>::operator*=(const E& e) -> disable_xexpression<E, self_type&>
     {
-        return apply([&e](const_reference v, bool cond) { return cond ? v * e : v; });
+        return apply(
+            [&e](const_reference v, bool cond)
+            {
+                return cond ? v * e : v;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -708,7 +731,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xfiltration<ECT, CCT>::operator/=(const E& e) -> disable_xexpression<E, self_type&>
     {
-        return apply([&e](const_reference v, bool cond) { return cond ? v / e : v; });
+        return apply(
+            [&e](const_reference v, bool cond)
+            {
+                return cond ? v / e : v;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -720,7 +748,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xfiltration<ECT, CCT>::operator%=(const E& e) -> disable_xexpression<E, self_type&>
     {
-        return apply([&e](const_reference v, bool cond) { return cond ? v % e : v; });
+        return apply(
+            [&e](const_reference v, bool cond)
+            {
+                return cond ? v % e : v;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class ECT, class CCT>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp b/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
index 11ee885ea..2f3317338 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_INFO_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_INFO_HPP
@@ -15,33 +15,33 @@
 #include "xlayout.hpp"
 
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
-#  if __cplusplus < 201103
-#    define CONSTEXPR11_TN
-#    define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#    define NOEXCEPT_TN
-#  elif __cplusplus < 201402
-#    define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#    define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#    define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#  else
-#    define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#    define CONSTEXPR14_TN constexpr
-#    define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#  endif
+#if __cplusplus < 201103
+#define CONSTEXPR11_TN
+#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
+#define NOEXCEPT_TN
+#elif __cplusplus < 201402
+#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
+#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
+#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
+#else
+#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
+#define CONSTEXPR14_TN constexpr
+#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
+#endif
 #else  // _MSC_VER
-#  if _MSC_VER < 1900
-#    define CONSTEXPR11_TN
-#    define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#    define NOEXCEPT_TN
-#  elif _MSC_VER < 2000
-#    define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#    define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#    define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#  else
-#    define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#    define CONSTEXPR14_TN constexpr
-#    define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#  endif
+#if _MSC_VER < 1900
+#define CONSTEXPR11_TN
+#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
+#define NOEXCEPT_TN
+#elif _MSC_VER < 2000
+#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
+#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
+#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
+#else
+#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
+#define CONSTEXPR14_TN constexpr
+#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
+#endif
 #endif
 
 namespace xt
@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ namespace xt
     struct static_string
     {
         template <std::size_t N>
-        explicit CONSTEXPR11_TN static_string(const char (&a)[N]) NOEXCEPT_TN
-            : data(a), size(N - 1)
+        explicit CONSTEXPR11_TN static_string(const char (&a)[N]) NOEXCEPT_TN : data(a),
+                                                                                size(N - 1)
         {
         }
 
-        CONSTEXPR11_TN static_string(const char* a, const std::size_t sz) NOEXCEPT_TN
-            : data(a), size(sz)
+        CONSTEXPR11_TN static_string(const char* a, const std::size_t sz) NOEXCEPT_TN : data(a),
+                                                                                        size(sz)
         {
         }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
index 7912a87ef..ceaf50adf 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_IO_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_IO_HPP
@@ -92,35 +92,36 @@ namespace xt
             print_options().precision = precision;
         }
 
-#define DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(NAME)                                   \
-        class NAME                                                        \
-        {                                                                 \
-        public:                                                           \
-                                                                          \
-            NAME(int value) : m_value(value)                              \
-            {                                                             \
-                id();                                                     \
-            }                                                             \
-            static int id()                                               \
-            {                                                             \
-                static int id = std::ios_base::xalloc();                  \
-                return id;                                                \
-            }                                                             \
-            int value() const                                             \
-            {                                                             \
-                return m_value;                                           \
-            }                                                             \
-                                                                          \
-        private:                                                          \
-                                                                          \
-            int m_value;                                                  \
-        };                                                                \
-                                                                          \
-        inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const NAME& n) \
-        {                                                                 \
-            out.iword(NAME::id()) = n.value();                            \
-            return out;                                                   \
-        }
+#define DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(NAME)                               \
+    class NAME                                                        \
+    {                                                                 \
+    public:                                                           \
+                                                                      \
+        NAME(int value)                                               \
+            : m_value(value)                                          \
+        {                                                             \
+            id();                                                     \
+        }                                                             \
+        static int id()                                               \
+        {                                                             \
+            static int id = std::ios_base::xalloc();                  \
+            return id;                                                \
+        }                                                             \
+        int value() const                                             \
+        {                                                             \
+            return m_value;                                           \
+        }                                                             \
+                                                                      \
+    private:                                                          \
+                                                                      \
+        int m_value;                                                  \
+    };                                                                \
+                                                                      \
+    inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const NAME& n) \
+    {                                                                 \
+        out.iword(NAME::id()) = n.value();                            \
+        return out;                                                   \
+    }
 
         /**
          * @class line_width
@@ -150,34 +151,34 @@ namespace xt
          */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(threshold)
 
-       /**
-        * @class edge_items
-        *
-        * io manipulator used to set the number of egde items if
-        * the summarization is triggered.
-        *
-        * \code{.cpp}
-        * using po = xt::print_options;
-        * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
-        * std::cout << po::edge_items(5) << a << std::endl;
-        * \endcode
-        */
+        /**
+         * @class edge_items
+         *
+         * io manipulator used to set the number of egde items if
+         * the summarization is triggered.
+         *
+         * \code{.cpp}
+         * using po = xt::print_options;
+         * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
+         * std::cout << po::edge_items(5) << a << std::endl;
+         * \endcode
+         */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(edge_items)
 
-       /**
-        * @class precision
-        *
-        * io manipulator used to set the precision of the floating point values
-        * when printing an expression.
-        *
-        * \code{.cpp}
-        * using po = xt::print_options;
-        * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
-        * std::cout << po::precision(5) << a << std::endl;
-        * \endcode
-        */
+        /**
+         * @class precision
+         *
+         * io manipulator used to set the precision of the floating point values
+         * when printing an expression.
+         *
+         * \code{.cpp}
+         * using po = xt::print_options;
+         * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
+         * std::cout << po::precision(5) << a << std::endl;
+         * \endcode
+         */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(precision)
-   }
+    }
 
     /**************************************
      * xexpression ostream implementation *
@@ -186,9 +187,16 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class E, class F>
-        std::ostream& xoutput(std::ostream& out, const E& e,
-                              xstrided_slice_vector& slices, F& printer, std::size_t blanks,
-                              std::streamsize element_width, std::size_t edgeitems, std::size_t line_width)
+        std::ostream& xoutput(
+            std::ostream& out,
+            const E& e,
+            xstrided_slice_vector& slices,
+            F& printer,
+            std::size_t blanks,
+            std::streamsize element_width,
+            std::size_t edgeitems,
+            std::size_t line_width
+        )
         {
             using size_type = typename E::size_type;
 
@@ -218,9 +226,7 @@ namespace xt
                         else if (view.dimension() > 1)
                         {
                             elems_on_line = 0;
-                            out << "...,"
-                                << std::endl
-                                << indents;
+                            out << "...," << std::endl << indents;
                         }
                         else
                         {
@@ -230,8 +236,7 @@ namespace xt
                     }
                     if (view.dimension() == 1 && line_lim != 0 && elems_on_line >= line_lim)
                     {
-                        out << std::endl
-                            << indents;
+                        out << std::endl << indents;
                         elems_on_line = 0;
                     }
                     slices.push_back(static_cast<int>(i));
@@ -243,16 +248,14 @@ namespace xt
                     {
                         out << ' ';
                     }
-                    else if(view.dimension() > 1)
+                    else if (view.dimension() > 1)
                     {
-                        out << std::endl
-                            << indents;
+                        out << std::endl << indents;
                     }
                 }
                 if (view.dimension() == 1 && line_lim != 0 && elems_on_line >= line_lim)
                 {
-                    out << std::endl
-                        << indents;
+                    out << std::endl << indents;
                 }
                 slices.push_back(static_cast<int>(i));
                 xoutput(out, e, slices, printer, blanks + 1, element_width, edgeitems, line_width) << '}';
@@ -408,7 +411,8 @@ namespace xt
                     }
                     if (m_required_precision < m_precision)
                     {
-                        while (std::floor(val * std::pow(10, m_required_precision)) != val * std::pow(10, m_required_precision))
+                        while (std::floor(val * std::pow(10, m_required_precision))
+                               != val * std::pow(10, m_required_precision))
                         {
                             m_required_precision++;
                         }
@@ -436,7 +440,10 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct printer<T, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<typename T::value_type>::value && !std::is_same<typename T::value_type, bool>::value>>
+        struct printer<
+            T,
+            std::enable_if_t<
+                xtl::is_integral<typename T::value_type>::value && !std::is_same<typename T::value_type, bool>::value>>
         {
             using value_type = std::decay_t<typename T::value_type>;
             using cache_type = std::vector<value_type>;
@@ -517,7 +524,7 @@ namespace xt
                     out << "false";
                 }
                 // TODO: the following std::setw(5) isn't working correctly on OSX.
-                //out << std::boolalpha << std::setw(m_width) << (*m_it);
+                // out << std::boolalpha << std::setw(m_width) << (*m_it);
                 ++m_it;
                 return out;
             }
@@ -548,7 +555,8 @@ namespace xt
             using cache_iterator = typename cache_type::const_iterator;
 
             explicit printer(std::streamsize precision)
-                : real_printer(precision), imag_printer(precision)
+                : real_printer(precision)
+                , imag_printer(precision)
             {
             }
 
@@ -605,7 +613,10 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct printer<T, std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_fundamental<typename T::value_type>::value && !xtl::is_complex<typename T::value_type>::value>>
+        struct printer<
+            T,
+            std::enable_if_t<
+                !xtl::is_fundamental<typename T::value_type>::value && !xtl::is_complex<typename T::value_type>::value>>
         {
             using const_reference = typename T::const_reference;
             using value_type = std::decay_t<typename T::value_type>;
@@ -684,22 +695,46 @@ namespace xt
         print_options::print_options_impl res;
         using print_options::edge_items;
         using print_options::line_width;
-        using print_options::threshold;
         using print_options::precision;
+        using print_options::threshold;
 
         res.edge_items = static_cast<int>(out.iword(edge_items::id()));
         res.line_width = static_cast<int>(out.iword(line_width::id()));
         res.threshold = static_cast<int>(out.iword(threshold::id()));
         res.precision = static_cast<int>(out.iword(precision::id()));
 
-        if(!res.edge_items) { res.edge_items = print_options::print_options().edge_items; }
-        else { out.iword(edge_items::id()) = long(0); }
-        if(!res.line_width) { res.line_width = print_options::print_options().line_width; }
-        else { out.iword(line_width::id()) = long(0); }
-        if(!res.threshold) { res.threshold = print_options::print_options().threshold; }
-        else { out.iword(threshold::id()) = long(0); }
-        if(!res.precision) { res.precision = print_options::print_options().precision; }
-        else { out.iword(precision::id()) = long(0); }
+        if (!res.edge_items)
+        {
+            res.edge_items = print_options::print_options().edge_items;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out.iword(edge_items::id()) = long(0);
+        }
+        if (!res.line_width)
+        {
+            res.line_width = print_options::print_options().line_width;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out.iword(line_width::id()) = long(0);
+        }
+        if (!res.threshold)
+        {
+            res.threshold = print_options::print_options().threshold;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out.iword(threshold::id()) = long(0);
+        }
+        if (!res.precision)
+        {
+            res.precision = print_options::print_options().precision;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out.iword(precision::id()) = long(0);
+        }
 
         return res;
     }
@@ -707,7 +742,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class F>
     std::ostream& pretty_print(const xexpression<E>& e, F&& func, std::ostream& out = std::cout)
     {
-        xfunction<detail::custom_formatter<E>, const_xclosure_t<E>> print_fun(detail::custom_formatter<E>(std::forward<F>(func)), e);
+        xfunction<detail::custom_formatter<E>, const_xclosure_t<E>> print_fun(
+            detail::custom_formatter<E>(std::forward<F>(func)),
+            e
+        );
         return pretty_print(print_fun, out);
     }
 
@@ -719,7 +757,8 @@ namespace xt
         public:
 
             explicit fmtflags_guard(S& stream)
-                : m_stream(stream), m_flags(stream.flags())
+                : m_stream(stream)
+                , m_flags(stream.flags())
             {
             }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
index 6cf33a3dd..1913ff1ed 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ITERABLE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ITERABLE_HPP
@@ -323,11 +323,15 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = inner_types::layout;
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910
-        // Workaround for compiler bug in Visual Studio 2017 with respect to alias templates with non-type parameters.
+        // Workaround for compiler bug in Visual Studio 2017 with respect to alias templates with non-type
+        // parameters.
         template <layout_type L>
         using layout_iterator = xiterator<typename iterable_base::stepper, typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type*, L>;
         template <layout_type L>
-        using const_layout_iterator = xiterator<typename iterable_base::const_stepper, typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type*, L>;
+        using const_layout_iterator = xiterator<
+            typename iterable_base::const_stepper,
+            typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type*,
+            L>;
         template <layout_type L>
         using reverse_layout_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<layout_iterator<L>>;
         template <layout_type L>
@@ -368,7 +372,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <layout_type L>
         using select_reverse_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, reverse_linear_iterator, reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
         template <layout_type L>
-        using select_const_reverse_iterator = select_iterator_impl<L, const_reverse_linear_iterator, const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
+        using select_const_reverse_iterator = select_iterator_impl<
+            L,
+            const_reverse_linear_iterator,
+            const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>>;
 
         using iterator = select_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
         using const_iterator = select_const_iterator<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>;
@@ -493,6 +500,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return this->template get_cend<L>(true);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -544,6 +552,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>(get_cbegin<L>(false));
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -605,6 +614,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return get_cend<L, S>(shape, true);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -620,7 +630,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::rbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::rbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return crbegin<L, S>(shape);
     }
@@ -634,7 +645,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::rend(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::rend(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return crend<L, S>(shape);
     }
@@ -648,7 +660,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::crbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::crbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(get_cend<L, S>(shape, true));
     }
@@ -662,10 +675,12 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::crend(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::crend(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(get_cbegin<L, S>(shape, false));
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
@@ -684,14 +699,16 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::get_cbegin(const S& shape, bool end_index) const noexcept -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::get_cbegin(const S& shape, bool end_index) const noexcept
+        -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(get_stepper_begin(shape), shape, end_index);
     }
 
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::get_cend(const S& shape, bool end_index) const noexcept -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::get_cend(const S& shape, bool end_index) const noexcept
+        -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(get_stepper_end(shape, L), shape, end_index);
     }
@@ -705,7 +722,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::get_stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xconst_iterable<D>::get_stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept
+        -> const_stepper
     {
         return derived_cast().stepper_end(shape, l);
     }
@@ -752,6 +770,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return get_end<L>(true);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -780,6 +799,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return reverse_layout_iterator<L>(get_begin<L>(false));
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -813,6 +833,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return get_end<L, S>(shape, true);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -846,6 +867,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>(get_begin<L, S>(shape, false));
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
@@ -914,25 +936,29 @@ namespace xt
      * xcontiguous_iterable implementation *
      ***************************************/
 
-     /**
-      * @name Iterators
-      */
-     //@{
-     /**
-      * Returns an iterator to the first element of the expression.
-      * @tparam L order used for the traversal. Default value is \c XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL.
-      */
+    /**
+     * @name Iterators
+     */
+    //@{
+    /**
+     * Returns an iterator to the first element of the expression.
+     * @tparam L order used for the traversal. Default value is \c XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL.
+     */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::begin() noexcept -> select_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_begin();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template begin<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_begin();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template begin<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -944,13 +970,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::end() noexcept -> select_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_end();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template end<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_end();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template end<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -984,13 +1014,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::cbegin() const noexcept -> select_const_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cbegin();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template cbegin<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cbegin();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template cbegin<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1002,14 +1036,19 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::cend() const noexcept -> select_const_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cend();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template cend<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cend();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template cend<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -1024,13 +1063,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rbegin() noexcept -> select_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rbegin();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template rbegin<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rbegin();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template rbegin<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1042,13 +1085,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rend() noexcept -> select_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rend();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template rend<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rend();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template rend<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1062,7 +1109,6 @@ namespace xt
         return this->template crbegin<L>();
     }
 
-
     /**
      * Returns a constant iterator to the element following the last element
      * of the reversed expression.
@@ -1083,13 +1129,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crbegin() const noexcept -> select_const_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crbegin();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template crbegin<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crbegin();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template crbegin<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1101,27 +1151,32 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crend() const noexcept -> select_const_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crend();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(*this).iterable_base::template crend<L>();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crend();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(*this).iterable_base::template crend<L>();
+            }
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
      * @name Broadcast iterators
      */
 
-     /**
-      * Returns an iterator to the first element of the expression. The
-      * iteration is broadcasted to the specified shape.
-      * @param shape the shape used for broadcasting
-      * @tparam S type of the \c shape parameter.
-      * @tparam L order used for the traversal. Default value is \c XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL.
-      */
+    /**
+     * Returns an iterator to the first element of the expression. The
+     * iteration is broadcasted to the specified shape.
+     * @param shape the shape used for broadcasting
+     * @tparam S type of the \c shape parameter.
+     * @tparam L order used for the traversal. Default value is \c XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL.
+     */
     //@{
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
@@ -1181,7 +1236,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::cbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::cbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return iterable_base::template cbegin<L, S>(shape);
     }
@@ -1199,6 +1255,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return iterable_base::template cend<L, S>(shape);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -1242,7 +1299,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return iterable_base::template rbegin<L, S>(shape);
     }
@@ -1256,7 +1314,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rend(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rend(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return iterable_base::template rend<L, S>(shape);
     }
@@ -1270,7 +1329,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crbegin(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return iterable_base::template crbegin<L, S>(shape);
     }
@@ -1284,10 +1344,12 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <layout_type L, class S>
-    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crend(const S& shape) const noexcept -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
+    inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crend(const S& shape) const noexcept
+        -> const_reverse_broadcast_iterator<S, L>
     {
         return iterable_base::template crend<L, S>(shape);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index ae8356792..55ee46ce9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ITERATOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ITERATOR_HPP
@@ -156,26 +156,16 @@ namespace xt
         // operator-- on xiterators.
 
         template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-        static void increment_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                      IT& index,
-                                      const ST& shape);
+        static void increment_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape);
 
         template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-        static void decrement_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                      IT& index,
-                                      const ST& shape);
+        static void decrement_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape);
 
         template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-        static void increment_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                      IT& index,
-                                      const ST& shape,
-                                      typename S::size_type n);
+        static void increment_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape, typename S::size_type n);
 
         template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-        static void decrement_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                      IT& index,
-                                      const ST& shape,
-                                      typename S::size_type n);
+        static void decrement_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape, typename S::size_type n);
     };
 
     /********************
@@ -191,12 +181,10 @@ namespace xt
         using xexpression_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const E, E>;
 
         using value_type = typename xexpression_type::value_type;
-        using reference = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                             typename xexpression_type::const_reference,
-                                             typename xexpression_type::reference>;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
+        using reference = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_reference, typename xexpression_type::reference>;
+        using pointer = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_pointer, typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
         using size_type = typename xexpression_type::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
 
@@ -236,8 +224,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class T, class R = T>
-    struct enable_indexed_stepper
-        : std::enable_if<is_indexed_stepper<T>::value, R>
+    struct enable_indexed_stepper : std::enable_if<is_indexed_stepper<T>::value, R>
     {
     };
 
@@ -245,8 +232,7 @@ namespace xt
     using enable_indexed_stepper_t = typename enable_indexed_stepper<T, R>::type;
 
     template <class T, class R = T>
-    struct disable_indexed_stepper
-        : std::enable_if<!is_indexed_stepper<T>::value, R>
+    struct disable_indexed_stepper : std::enable_if<!is_indexed_stepper<T>::value, R>
     {
     };
 
@@ -297,11 +283,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
-    class xiterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<xiterator<St, S, L>,
-                                                               typename St::value_type,
-                                                               typename St::difference_type,
-                                                               typename St::pointer,
-                                                               typename St::reference>,
+    class xiterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<
+                          xiterator<St, S, L>,
+                          typename St::value_type,
+                          typename St::difference_type,
+                          typename St::pointer,
+                          typename St::reference>,
                       private detail::shape_storage<S>
     {
     public:
@@ -350,16 +337,13 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
-    bool operator==(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs,
-                    const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs);
+    bool operator==(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs, const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs);
 
     template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
-    bool operator<(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs,
-                   const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs);
+    bool operator<(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs, const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs);
 
     template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
-    struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator<St, S, L>>
-        : std::false_type
+    struct is_contiguous_container<xiterator<St, S, L>> : std::false_type
     {
     };
 
@@ -368,11 +352,12 @@ namespace xt
      *********************/
 
     template <class It, class BIt>
-    class xbounded_iterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>,
-                                                                       typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type,
-                                                                       typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type,
-                                                                       typename std::iterator_traits<It>::pointer,
-                                                                       typename std::iterator_traits<It>::reference>
+    class xbounded_iterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<
+                                  xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>,
+                                  typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type,
+                                  typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type,
+                                  typename std::iterator_traits<It>::pointer,
+                                  typename std::iterator_traits<It>::reference>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -409,12 +394,10 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class It, class BIt>
-    bool operator==(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs,
-                    const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs);
+    bool operator==(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs, const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs);
 
     template <class It, class BIt>
-    bool operator<(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs,
-                   const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs);
+    bool operator<(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs, const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs);
 
     /*****************************
      * linear_begin / linear_end *
@@ -428,8 +411,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class C>
-        struct has_linear_iterator<C, void_t<decltype(std::declval<C>().linear_cbegin())>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct has_linear_iterator<C, void_t<decltype(std::declval<C>().linear_cbegin())>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
     }
@@ -437,49 +419,65 @@ namespace xt
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).linear_begin();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).begin();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).linear_begin();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).begin();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).linear_end();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).end();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).linear_end();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).end();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(const C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).linear_cbegin();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).cbegin();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).linear_cbegin();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).cbegin();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(const C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).linear_cend();
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            return self(c).cend();
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).linear_cend();
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return self(c).cend();
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /***************************
@@ -488,7 +486,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class C>
     inline xstepper<C>::xstepper(storage_type* c, subiterator_type it, size_type offset) noexcept
-        : p_c(c), m_it(it), m_offset(offset)
+        : p_c(c)
+        , m_it(it)
+        , m_offset(offset)
     {
     }
 
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 R reg;
                 return reg.load_unaligned(&(*it));
-                //return reg;
+                // return reg;
             }
         };
 
@@ -588,7 +588,8 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xstepper<C>::store_simd(const R& vec)
     {
         vec.store_unaligned(&(*m_it));
-        m_it += xt_simd::revert_simd_traits<R>::size;;
+        m_it += xt_simd::revert_simd_traits<R>::size;
+        ;
     }
 
     template <class C>
@@ -599,9 +600,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                  IT& index,
-                                                                  const ST& shape)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape)
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type i = index.size();
@@ -632,10 +631,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                  IT& index,
-                                                                  const ST& shape,
-                                                                  typename S::size_type n)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::increment_stepper(
+        S& stepper,
+        IT& index,
+        const ST& shape,
+        typename S::size_type n
+    )
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type i = index.size();
@@ -678,9 +679,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::decrement_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                  IT& index,
-                                                                  const ST& shape)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::decrement_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape)
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type i = index.size();
@@ -710,10 +709,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::decrement_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                  IT& index,
-                                                                  const ST& shape,
-                                                                  typename S::size_type n)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::decrement_stepper(
+        S& stepper,
+        IT& index,
+        const ST& shape,
+        typename S::size_type n
+    )
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type i = index.size();
@@ -755,9 +756,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                     IT& index,
-                                                                     const ST& shape)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape)
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type size = index.size();
@@ -789,10 +788,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                     IT& index,
-                                                                     const ST& shape,
-                                                                     typename S::size_type n)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::increment_stepper(
+        S& stepper,
+        IT& index,
+        const ST& shape,
+        typename S::size_type n
+    )
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type size = index.size();
@@ -837,9 +838,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::decrement_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                     IT& index,
-                                                                     const ST& shape)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::decrement_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape)
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type size = index.size();
@@ -870,10 +869,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <>
     template <class S, class IT, class ST>
-    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::decrement_stepper(S& stepper,
-                                                                     IT& index,
-                                                                     const ST& shape,
-                                                                     typename S::size_type n)
+    void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::decrement_stepper(
+        S& stepper,
+        IT& index,
+        const ST& shape,
+        typename S::size_type n
+    )
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
         size_type size = index.size();
@@ -921,7 +922,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class C, bool is_const>
     inline xindexed_stepper<C, is_const>::xindexed_stepper(xexpression_type* e, size_type offset, bool end) noexcept
-        : p_e(e), m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e->shape().size(), size_type(0))), m_offset(offset)
+        : p_e(e)
+        , m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e->shape().size(), size_type(0)))
+        , m_offset(offset)
     {
         if (end)
         {
@@ -986,7 +989,10 @@ namespace xt
             shape.cbegin(),
             shape.cend(),
             m_index.begin(),
-            [](const auto& v) { return v - 1; }
+            [](const auto& v)
+            {
+                return v - 1;
+            }
         );
 
         size_type l_dim = (l == layout_type::row_major) ? shape.size() - 1 : 0;
@@ -1038,10 +1044,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
     inline xiterator<St, S, L>::xiterator(St st, shape_param_type shape, bool end_index)
-        : private_base(shape), m_st(st),
-          m_index(end_index ? xtl::forward_sequence<index_type, const shape_type&>(this->shape())
-                            : xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(this->shape().size(), size_type(0))),
-          m_linear_index(0)
+        : private_base(shape)
+        , m_st(st)
+        , m_index(
+              end_index ? xtl::forward_sequence<index_type, const shape_type&>(this->shape())
+                        : xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(this->shape().size(), size_type(0))
+          )
+        , m_linear_index(0)
     {
         // end_index means either reverse_iterator && !end or !reverse_iterator && end
         if (end_index)
@@ -1050,10 +1059,22 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto iter_begin = (L == layout_type::row_major) ? m_index.begin() : m_index.begin() + 1;
                 auto iter_end = (L == layout_type::row_major) ? m_index.end() - 1 : m_index.end();
-                std::transform(iter_begin, iter_end, iter_begin, [](const auto& v) { return v - 1; });
+                std::transform(
+                    iter_begin,
+                    iter_end,
+                    iter_begin,
+                    [](const auto& v)
+                    {
+                        return v - 1;
+                    }
+                );
             }
-            m_linear_index = difference_type(std::accumulate(this->shape().cbegin(), this->shape().cend(),
-                                                             size_type(1), std::multiplies<size_type>()));
+            m_linear_index = difference_type(std::accumulate(
+                this->shape().cbegin(),
+                this->shape().cend(),
+                size_type(1),
+                std::multiplies<size_type>()
+            ));
         }
     }
 
@@ -1136,15 +1157,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
-    inline bool operator==(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs,
-                           const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs)
+    inline bool operator==(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs, const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.equal(rhs);
     }
 
     template <class St, class S, layout_type L>
-    bool operator<(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs,
-                   const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs)
+    bool operator<(const xiterator<St, S, L>& lhs, const xiterator<St, S, L>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.less_than(rhs);
     }
@@ -1155,7 +1174,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class It, class BIt>
     xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>::xbounded_iterator(It it, BIt bound_it)
-        : m_it(it), m_bound_it(bound_it)
+        : m_it(it)
+        , m_bound_it(bound_it)
     {
     }
 
@@ -1217,15 +1237,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class It, class BIt>
-    inline bool operator==(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs,
-                           const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs)
+    inline bool operator==(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs, const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.equal(rhs);
     }
 
     template <class It, class BIt>
-    inline bool operator<(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs,
-                          const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs)
+    inline bool operator<(const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& lhs, const xbounded_iterator<It, BIt>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.less_than(rhs);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xjson.hpp b/include/xtensor/xjson.hpp
index fe3924318..3ac9af764 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xjson.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xjson.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_JSON_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_JSON_HPP
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace xt
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
     template <template <typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class M, class E>
     enable_xview_semantics<E> from_json(const nlohmann::basic_json<M>&, E&);
+
     /// @endcond
 
     /****************************************
@@ -43,8 +44,7 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <template <typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class M, class D>
-        void to_json_impl(nlohmann::basic_json<M>& j, const xexpression<D>& e,
-                          xstrided_slice_vector& slices)
+        void to_json_impl(nlohmann::basic_json<M>& j, const xexpression<D>& e, xstrided_slice_vector& slices)
         {
             const auto view = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), slices);
             if (view.dimension() == 0)
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <template <typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class M, class D>
-        inline void from_json_impl(const nlohmann::basic_json<M>& j, xexpression<D>& e,
-                                   xstrided_slice_vector& slices)
+        inline void
+        from_json_impl(const nlohmann::basic_json<M>& j, xexpression<D>& e, xstrided_slice_vector& slices)
         {
             auto view = strided_view(e.derived_cast(), slices);
 
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto sv = xstrided_slice_vector();
         detail::from_json_impl(j, e, sv);
     }
+
     /// @endcond
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
index 72b050b5f..b13d66fe4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_LAYOUT_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_LAYOUT_HPP
@@ -92,8 +92,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     constexpr layout_type default_assignable_layout(layout_type l) noexcept
     {
-        return (l == layout_type::row_major || l == layout_type::column_major) ?
-            l : XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT;
+        return (l == layout_type::row_major || l == layout_type::column_major) ? l : XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT;
     }
 
     constexpr layout_type layout_remove_any(const layout_type layout) noexcept
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 8ee6535f6..818ea421f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_MANIPULATION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_MANIPULATION_HPP
 
 #include "xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xrepeat.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xrepeat.hpp"
+#include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct none
         {
         };
+
         struct full
         {
         };
@@ -85,19 +86,19 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::ptrdiff_t N = 1, class E>
     auto rot90(E&& e, const std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, 2>& axes = {0, 1});
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     auto roll(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t shift);
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     auto roll(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t shift, std::ptrdiff_t axis);
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     auto repeat(E&& e, std::size_t repeats, std::size_t axis);
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     auto repeat(E&& e, const std::vector<std::size_t>& repeats, std::size_t axis);
 
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     auto repeat(E&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>&& repeats, std::size_t axis);
 
     /****************************
@@ -169,7 +170,13 @@ namespace xt
                 new_layout = transpose_layout_noexcept(e.layout());
             }
 
-            return strided_view(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(temp_shape), std::move(temp_strides), get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(e), new_layout);
+            return strided_view(
+                std::forward<E>(e),
+                std::move(temp_shape),
+                std::move(temp_strides),
+                get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(e),
+                new_layout
+            );
         }
 
         template <class E, class S>
@@ -224,7 +231,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         layout_type new_layout = detail::transpose_layout_noexcept(e.layout());
 
-        return strided_view(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(shape), std::move(strides), detail::get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e), new_layout);
+        return strided_view(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::move(shape),
+            std::move(strides),
+            detail::get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e),
+            new_layout
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -242,10 +255,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class Tag = check_policy::none>
-    inline auto transpose(E&& e, const I(&permutation)[N], Tag check_policy = Tag())
+    inline auto transpose(E&& e, const I (&permutation)[N], Tag check_policy = Tag())
     {
         return detail::transpose_impl(std::forward<E>(e), permutation, check_policy);
     }
+
     /// @endcond
 
     /************************************
@@ -293,7 +307,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto adaptor = make_xiterator_adaptor(std::forward<E>(e), iterator_getter());
         constexpr layout_type layout = std::is_pointer<iterator>::value ? L : layout_type::dynamic;
         using type = xtensor_view<decltype(adaptor), 1, layout, extension::get_expression_tag_t<E>>;
-        return type(std::move(adaptor), { size });
+        return type(std::move(adaptor), {size});
     }
 
     /**
@@ -344,7 +358,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::ptrdiff_t begin = 0, end = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(e.size());
 
-        auto find_fun = [](const auto& i) {
+        auto find_fun = [](const auto& i)
+        {
             return i != 0;
         };
 
@@ -358,7 +373,7 @@ namespace xt
             end -= std::find_if(e.crbegin(), e.crend(), find_fun) - e.crbegin();
         }
 
-        return strided_view(std::forward<E>(e), { range(begin, end) });
+        return strided_view(std::forward<E>(e), {range(begin, end)});
     }
 
     /**************************
@@ -377,11 +392,25 @@ namespace xt
     {
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> new_shape;
         dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t> new_strides;
-        std::copy_if(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cend(), std::back_inserter(new_shape),
-                     [](std::size_t i) { return i != 1; });
+        std::copy_if(
+            e.shape().cbegin(),
+            e.shape().cend(),
+            std::back_inserter(new_shape),
+            [](std::size_t i)
+            {
+                return i != 1;
+            }
+        );
         decltype(auto) old_strides = detail::get_strides<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(e);
-        std::copy_if(old_strides.cbegin(), old_strides.cend(), std::back_inserter(new_strides),
-                     [](std::ptrdiff_t i) { return i != 0; });
+        std::copy_if(
+            old_strides.cbegin(),
+            old_strides.cend(),
+            std::back_inserter(new_strides),
+            [](std::ptrdiff_t i)
+            {
+                return i != 0;
+            }
+        );
 
         return strided_view(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(new_shape), std::move(new_strides), 0, e.layout());
     }
@@ -444,17 +473,22 @@ namespace xt
 
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class Tag = check_policy::none>
-    inline auto squeeze(E&& e, const I(&axis)[N], Tag check_policy = Tag())
+    inline auto squeeze(E&& e, const I (&axis)[N], Tag check_policy = Tag())
     {
         using arr_t = std::array<I, N>;
-        return detail::squeeze_impl(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<arr_t, decltype(axis)>(axis), check_policy);
+        return detail::squeeze_impl(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<arr_t, decltype(axis)>(axis),
+            check_policy
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E, class Tag = check_policy::none>
     inline auto squeeze(E&& e, std::size_t axis, Tag check_policy = Tag())
     {
-        return squeeze(std::forward<E>(e), std::array<std::size_t, 1>{ axis }, check_policy);
+        return squeeze(std::forward<E>(e), std::array<std::size_t, 1>{axis}, check_policy);
     }
+
     /// @endcond
 
     /******************************
@@ -633,7 +667,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using size_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type;
         auto r = flip(e, 0);
-        for (size_type d = 1; d < e.dimension(); ++d) {
+        for (size_type d = 1; d < e.dimension(); ++d)
+        {
             r = flip(r, d);
         }
         return r;
@@ -664,7 +699,10 @@ namespace xt
         std::copy(old_strides.cbegin(), old_strides.cend(), strides.begin());
 
         strides[axis] *= -1;
-        std::size_t offset = static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(e.data_offset()) + old_strides[axis] * (static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(e.shape()[axis]) - 1));
+        std::size_t offset = static_cast<std::size_t>(
+            static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(e.data_offset())
+            + old_strides[axis] * (static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(e.shape()[axis]) - 1)
+        );
 
         return strided_view(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(shape), std::move(strides), offset);
     }
@@ -770,19 +808,23 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return a roll of the input expression
      */
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     inline auto roll(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t shift)
     {
         auto cpy = empty_like(e);
-        auto flat_size = std::accumulate(cpy.shape().begin(), cpy.shape().end(), 1L, std::multiplies<std::size_t>());
-        while(shift < 0)
+        auto flat_size = std::accumulate(
+            cpy.shape().begin(),
+            cpy.shape().end(),
+            1L,
+            std::multiplies<std::size_t>()
+        );
+        while (shift < 0)
         {
             shift += flat_size;
         }
 
         shift %= flat_size;
-        std::copy(e.begin(), e.end() - shift,
-                  std::copy(e.end() - shift, e.end(), cpy.begin()));
+        std::copy(e.begin(), e.end() - shift, std::copy(e.end() - shift, e.end(), cpy.begin()));
 
         return cpy;
     }
@@ -793,28 +835,33 @@ namespace xt
          * Algorithm adapted from pythran/pythonic/numpy/roll.hpp
          */
 
-        template < class To, class From, class S>
+        template <class To, class From, class S>
         To roll(To to, From from, std::ptrdiff_t shift, std::size_t axis, S const& shape, std::size_t M)
         {
             std::ptrdiff_t dim = std::ptrdiff_t(shape[M]);
-            std::ptrdiff_t offset = std::accumulate(shape.begin() + M + 1, shape.end(), std::ptrdiff_t(1), std::multiplies<std::ptrdiff_t>());
-            if(shape.size() == M + 1)
+            std::ptrdiff_t offset = std::accumulate(
+                shape.begin() + M + 1,
+                shape.end(),
+                std::ptrdiff_t(1),
+                std::multiplies<std::ptrdiff_t>()
+            );
+            if (shape.size() == M + 1)
             {
                 if (axis == M)
                 {
                     const auto split = from + (dim - shift) * offset;
-                    for(auto iter = split, end = from + dim * offset; iter != end; iter += offset, ++to)
+                    for (auto iter = split, end = from + dim * offset; iter != end; iter += offset, ++to)
                     {
                         *to = *iter;
                     }
-                    for(auto iter = from, end = split; iter != end; iter += offset, ++to)
+                    for (auto iter = from, end = split; iter != end; iter += offset, ++to)
                     {
                         *to = *iter;
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    for(auto iter = from, end = from + dim * offset; iter != end; iter += offset, ++to)
+                    for (auto iter = from, end = from + dim * offset; iter != end; iter += offset, ++to)
                     {
                         *to = *iter;
                     }
@@ -825,11 +872,11 @@ namespace xt
                 if (axis == M)
                 {
                     const auto split = from + (dim - shift) * offset;
-                    for(auto iter = split, end = from + dim * offset; iter != end; iter += offset)
+                    for (auto iter = split, end = from + dim * offset; iter != end; iter += offset)
                     {
                         to = roll(to, iter, shift, axis, shape, M + 1);
                     }
-                    for(auto iter = from, end = split; iter != end; iter += offset)
+                    for (auto iter = from, end = split; iter != end; iter += offset)
                     {
                         to = roll(to, iter, shift, axis, shape, M + 1);
                     }
@@ -857,24 +904,24 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return a roll of the input expression
      */
-    template<class E>
+    template <class E>
     inline auto roll(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t shift, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         auto cpy = empty_like(e);
         auto const& shape = cpy.shape();
         std::size_t saxis = static_cast<std::size_t>(axis);
-        if(axis < 0)
+        if (axis < 0)
         {
             axis += std::ptrdiff_t(cpy.dimension());
         }
 
-        if(saxis >= cpy.dimension() || axis < 0)
+        if (saxis >= cpy.dimension() || axis < 0)
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "axis is no within shape dimension.");
         }
 
         const auto axis_dim = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(shape[saxis]);
-        while(shift < 0)
+        while (shift < 0)
         {
             shift += axis_dim;
         }
@@ -888,7 +935,7 @@ namespace xt
      ****************************/
     namespace detail
     {
-        template<class E, class R>
+        template <class E, class R>
         inline auto make_xrepeat(E&& e, R&& r, typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type axis)
         {
             const auto casted_axis = static_cast<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type>(axis);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
index de0ac9df3..f2afb2250 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XMASKED_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_XMASKED_VIEW_HPP
 
-#include "xtl/xmasked_value.hpp"
-
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
 #include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "xshape.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xmasked_value.hpp"
+#include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -189,10 +188,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         using accessible_base::at;
         using accessible_base::operator[];
-        using accessible_base::periodic;
-        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
-        using accessible_base::front;
         using accessible_base::back;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::periodic;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It first, It last);
@@ -210,13 +209,13 @@ namespace xt
         const mask_type& visible() const noexcept;
 
         using iterable_base::begin;
-        using iterable_base::end;
         using iterable_base::cbegin;
         using iterable_base::cend;
-        using iterable_base::rbegin;
-        using iterable_base::rend;
         using iterable_base::crbegin;
         using iterable_base::crend;
+        using iterable_base::end;
+        using iterable_base::rbegin;
+        using iterable_base::rend;
 
         template <class S>
         stepper stepper_begin(const S& shape) noexcept;
@@ -258,22 +257,16 @@ namespace xt
         using self_type = xmasked_view_stepper<D, is_const>;
         using masked_view_type = std::decay_t<D>;
         using value_type = typename masked_view_type::value_type;
-        using reference = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                             typename masked_view_type::const_reference,
-                                             typename masked_view_type::reference>;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename masked_view_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename masked_view_type::pointer>;
+        using reference = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename masked_view_type::const_reference, typename masked_view_type::reference>;
+        using pointer = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename masked_view_type::const_pointer, typename masked_view_type::pointer>;
         using size_type = typename masked_view_type::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename masked_view_type::difference_type;
         using data_type = typename masked_view_type::data_type;
         using mask_type = typename masked_view_type::mask_type;
-        using value_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                 typename data_type::const_stepper,
-                                                 typename data_type::stepper>;
-        using mask_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                typename mask_type::const_stepper,
-                                                typename mask_type::stepper>;
+        using value_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_const, typename data_type::const_stepper, typename data_type::stepper>;
+        using mask_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_const, typename mask_type::const_stepper, typename mask_type::stepper>;
 
         xmasked_view_stepper(value_stepper vs, mask_stepper fs) noexcept;
 
@@ -314,8 +307,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CTD, class CTM>
     template <class D, class M>
     inline xmasked_view<CTD, CTM>::xmasked_view(D&& data, M&& mask)
-        : m_data(std::forward<D>(data)),
-          m_mask(std::forward<M>(mask))
+        : m_data(std::forward<D>(data))
+        , m_mask(std::forward<M>(mask))
     {
     }
 
@@ -358,6 +351,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_data.backstrides();
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -496,6 +490,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return const_reference(m_data.element(first, last), m_mask.element(first, last));
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CTD, class CTM>
@@ -564,7 +559,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CTD, class CTM>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xmasked_view<CTD, CTM>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xmasked_view<CTD, CTM>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept
+        -> const_stepper
     {
         return const_stepper(value().stepper_end(shape, l), visible().stepper_end(shape, l));
     }
@@ -609,7 +605,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D, bool C>
     inline xmasked_view_stepper<D, C>::xmasked_view_stepper(value_stepper vs, mask_stepper ms) noexcept
-        : m_vs(vs), m_ms(ms)
+        : m_vs(vs)
+        , m_ms(ms)
     {
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 616b646ad..ecc54d13e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 /**
  * @brief standard mathematical functions for xexpressions
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_MATH_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_MATH_HPP
 
-#include <cmath>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <complex>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccumulator.hpp"
 #include "xeval.hpp"
@@ -56,99 +56,97 @@ namespace xt
      * Helpers *
      ***********/
 
-#define XTENSOR_UNSIGNED_ABS_FUNC(T)                                              \
-constexpr inline T abs(const T& x)                                                \
-{                                                                                 \
-    return x;                                                                     \
-}                                                                                 \
-
-#define XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, T)                 \
-constexpr inline bool FUNC_NAME(const T& /*x*/) noexcept                          \
-{                                                                                 \
-    return RETURN_VAL;                                                            \
-}                                                                                 \
-
-#define XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL)                         \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, char);                     \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, short);                    \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, int);                      \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, long);                     \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, long long);                \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned char);            \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned short);           \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned int);             \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long);            \
-XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long long);       \
-
-
-#define XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(NAME)                                          \
-    struct NAME##_fun                                                             \
-    {                                                                             \
-        template <class T>                                                        \
-        constexpr auto operator()(const T& arg) const                             \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg);                                                     \
-        }                                                                         \
-        template <class B>                                                        \
-        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg) const                             \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg);                                                     \
-        }                                                                         \
-    }
-
-#define XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR_COMPLEX_REDUCING(NAME)                         \
-    struct NAME##_fun                                                             \
-    {                                                                             \
-        template <class T>                                                        \
-        constexpr auto operator()(const T& arg) const                             \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg);                                                     \
-        }                                                                         \
-        template <class B>                                                        \
-        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg) const                             \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg);                                                     \
-        }                                                                         \
-    }
-
-#define XTENSOR_BINARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(NAME)                                         \
-    struct NAME##_fun                                                             \
-    {                                                                             \
-        template <class T1, class T2>                                             \
-        constexpr auto operator()(const T1& arg1, const T2& arg2) const           \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg1, arg2);                                              \
-        }                                                                         \
-        template <class B>                                                        \
-        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg1, const B& arg2) const             \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg1, arg2);                                              \
-        }                                                                         \
-    }
-
-#define XTENSOR_TERNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(NAME)                                        \
-    struct NAME##_fun                                                             \
-    {                                                                             \
-        template <class T1, class T2, class T3>                                   \
-        constexpr auto operator()(const T1& arg1,                                 \
-                                  const T2& arg2,                                 \
-                                  const T3& arg3) const                           \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg1, arg2, arg3);                                        \
-        }                                                                         \
-        template <class B>                                                        \
-        auto simd_apply(const B& arg1, const B& arg2, const B& arg3) const        \
-        {                                                                         \
-            using math::NAME;                                                     \
-            return NAME(arg1, arg2, arg3);                                        \
-        }                                                                         \
+#define XTENSOR_UNSIGNED_ABS_FUNC(T)   \
+    constexpr inline T abs(const T& x) \
+    {                                  \
+        return x;                      \
+    }
+
+#define XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, T) \
+    constexpr inline bool FUNC_NAME(const T& /*x*/) noexcept      \
+    {                                                             \
+        return RETURN_VAL;                                        \
+    }
+
+#define XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL)                   \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, char);           \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, short);          \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, int);            \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, long);           \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, long long);      \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned char);  \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned short); \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned int);   \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long);  \
+    XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long long);
+
+
+#define XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(NAME)              \
+    struct NAME##_fun                                 \
+    {                                                 \
+        template <class T>                            \
+        constexpr auto operator()(const T& arg) const \
+        {                                             \
+            using math::NAME;                         \
+            return NAME(arg);                         \
+        }                                             \
+        template <class B>                            \
+        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg) const \
+        {                                             \
+            using math::NAME;                         \
+            return NAME(arg);                         \
+        }                                             \
+    }
+
+#define XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR_COMPLEX_REDUCING(NAME) \
+    struct NAME##_fun                                     \
+    {                                                     \
+        template <class T>                                \
+        constexpr auto operator()(const T& arg) const     \
+        {                                                 \
+            using math::NAME;                             \
+            return NAME(arg);                             \
+        }                                                 \
+        template <class B>                                \
+        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg) const     \
+        {                                                 \
+            using math::NAME;                             \
+            return NAME(arg);                             \
+        }                                                 \
+    }
+
+#define XTENSOR_BINARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(NAME)                               \
+    struct NAME##_fun                                                   \
+    {                                                                   \
+        template <class T1, class T2>                                   \
+        constexpr auto operator()(const T1& arg1, const T2& arg2) const \
+        {                                                               \
+            using math::NAME;                                           \
+            return NAME(arg1, arg2);                                    \
+        }                                                               \
+        template <class B>                                              \
+        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg1, const B& arg2) const   \
+        {                                                               \
+            using math::NAME;                                           \
+            return NAME(arg1, arg2);                                    \
+        }                                                               \
+    }
+
+#define XTENSOR_TERNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(NAME)                                              \
+    struct NAME##_fun                                                                   \
+    {                                                                                   \
+        template <class T1, class T2, class T3>                                         \
+        constexpr auto operator()(const T1& arg1, const T2& arg2, const T3& arg3) const \
+        {                                                                               \
+            using math::NAME;                                                           \
+            return NAME(arg1, arg2, arg3);                                              \
+        }                                                                               \
+        template <class B>                                                              \
+        auto simd_apply(const B& arg1, const B& arg2, const B& arg3) const              \
+        {                                                                               \
+            using math::NAME;                                                           \
+            return NAME(arg1, arg2, arg3);                                              \
+        }                                                                               \
     }
 
     namespace math
@@ -156,53 +154,52 @@ XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long long);
         using std::abs;
         using std::fabs;
 
-        using std::cos;
-        using std::sin;
-        using std::tan;
         using std::acos;
         using std::asin;
         using std::atan;
+        using std::cos;
+        using std::sin;
+        using std::tan;
 
-        using std::cosh;
-        using std::sinh;
-        using std::tanh;
         using std::acosh;
         using std::asinh;
         using std::atanh;
+        using std::cosh;
+        using std::sinh;
+        using std::tanh;
 
-        using std::sqrt;
         using std::cbrt;
+        using std::sqrt;
 
         using std::exp;
         using std::exp2;
         using std::expm1;
+        using std::ilogb;
         using std::log;
-        using std::log2;
         using std::log10;
         using std::log1p;
+        using std::log2;
         using std::logb;
-        using std::ilogb;
 
-        using std::floor;
         using std::ceil;
-        using std::trunc;
-        using std::round;
-        using std::lround;
+        using std::floor;
         using std::llround;
-        using std::rint;
+        using std::lround;
         using std::nearbyint;
         using std::remainder;
+        using std::rint;
+        using std::round;
+        using std::trunc;
 
         using std::erf;
         using std::erfc;
-        using std::erfc;
-        using std::tgamma;
         using std::lgamma;
+        using std::tgamma;
 
+        using std::arg;
         using std::conj;
-        using std::real;
         using std::imag;
-        using std::arg;
+        using std::real;
 
         using std::atan2;
 
@@ -224,22 +221,19 @@ XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long long);
         // might return int instead of bool and the SIMD detection requires
         // bool return type.
         template <class T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
-        isinf(const T& t)
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool> isinf(const T& t)
         {
             return bool(std::isinf(t));
         }
 
         template <class T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
-        isnan(const T& t)
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool> isnan(const T& t)
         {
             return bool(std::isnan(t));
         }
 
         template <class T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>
-        isfinite(const T& t)
+        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool> isfinite(const T& t)
         {
             return bool(std::isfinite(t));
         }
@@ -352,60 +346,79 @@ XTENSOR_INT_SPECIALIZATION_IMPL(FUNC_NAME, RETURN_VAL, unsigned long long);
 #undef XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR_COMPLEX_REDUCING
 #undef XTENSOR_UNSIGNED_ABS_FUNC
 
-namespace detail {
-    template <class R, class T>
-    std::enable_if_t<!has_iterator_interface<R>::value, R> fill_init(T init) {
-        return R(init);
-    }
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class R, class T>
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_iterator_interface<R>::value, R> fill_init(T init)
+        {
+            return R(init);
+        }
 
-    template <class R, class T>
-    std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<R>::value, R> fill_init(T init) {
-        R result;
-        std::fill(std::begin(result), std::end(result), init);
-        return result;
+        template <class R, class T>
+        std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<R>::value, R> fill_init(T init)
+        {
+            R result;
+            std::fill(std::begin(result), std::end(result), init);
+            return result;
+        }
     }
-}
 
-#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                                  \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                  \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X> >> )>   \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                   \
-    {                                                                                                                   \
-        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                   \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                   \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type>;                                                        \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                         \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type>(INIT))),                                    \
-                          std::forward<E>(e),                                                                           \
-                          std::forward<X>(axes), es);                                                                   \
-    }                                                                                                                   \
-                                                                                                                        \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                  \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)>                    \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                     \
-    {                                                                                                                   \
-        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                    \
-    }                                                                                                                   \
-                                                                                                                        \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                           \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>                                                                    \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                             \
-    {                                                                                                                   \
-        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                  \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                   \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                       \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                         \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), es);          \
-    }                                                                                                                   \
-                                                                                                                        \
-    template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                   \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                         \
-    {                                                                                                                   \
-        using init_value_type  = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                  \
-        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                   \
-        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type >;                                                       \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(),                                                         \
-                          init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type >(INIT))), std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);    \
+#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(NAME, FUNCTOR, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, INIT)                                               \
+    template <                                                                                                       \
+        class T = void,                                                                                              \
+        class E,                                                                                                     \
+        class X,                                                                                                     \
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                       \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>        \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type>;                                                     \
+        return xt::reduce(                                                                                           \
+            make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type>(INIT))),         \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                      \
+            std::forward<X>(axes),                                                                                   \
+            es                                                                                                       \
+        );                                                                                                           \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <                                                                                                       \
+        class T = void,                                                                                              \
+        class E,                                                                                                     \
+        class X,                                                                                                     \
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                       \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)>                       \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                  \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                 \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)> \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())                                                                          \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type>;                                                     \
+        return xt::reduce(                                                                                           \
+            make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type>(INIT))),         \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                      \
+            es                                                                                                       \
+        );                                                                                                           \
+    }                                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                     \
+    template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I(&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())                                                       \
+    {                                                                                                                \
+        using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                \
+        using functor_type = FUNCTOR;                                                                                \
+        using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<init_value_type>;                                                     \
+        return xt::reduce(                                                                                           \
+            make_xreducer_functor(functor_type(), init_value_fct(detail::fill_init<init_value_type>(INIT))),         \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                      \
+            axes,                                                                                                    \
+            es                                                                                                       \
+        );                                                                                                           \
     }
 
     /*******************
@@ -426,8 +439,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto abs(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::abs_fun, E>
+    inline auto abs(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::abs_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::abs_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -442,8 +454,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto fabs(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fabs_fun, E>
+    inline auto fabs(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fabs_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::fabs_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -460,8 +471,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto fmod(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fmod_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto fmod(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fmod_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::fmod_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -478,8 +488,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto remainder(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::remainder_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto remainder(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::remainder_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::remainder_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -497,10 +506,13 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1, e2 and e3 can't be scalars every three.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2, class E3>
-    inline auto fma(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, E3&& e3) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fma_fun, E1, E2, E3>
+    inline auto fma(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, E3&& e3) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fma_fun, E1, E2, E3>
     {
-        return detail::make_xfunction<math::fma_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2), std::forward<E3>(e3));
+        return detail::make_xfunction<math::fma_fun>(
+            std::forward<E1>(e1),
+            std::forward<E2>(e2),
+            std::forward<E3>(e3)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -515,8 +527,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto fmax(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fmax_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto fmax(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fmax_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::fmax_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -533,8 +544,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto fmin(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fmin_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto fmin(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fmin_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::fmin_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -551,8 +561,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto fdim(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fdim_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto fdim(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::fdim_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::fdim_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -600,9 +609,7 @@ namespace detail {
             }
 
             template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-            constexpr auto simd_apply(const A1& v,
-                                      const A2& lo,
-                                      const A3& hi) const
+            constexpr auto simd_apply(const A1& v, const A2& lo, const A3& hi) const
             {
                 return xt_simd::select(v < lo, lo, xt_simd::select(hi < v, hi, v));
             }
@@ -613,25 +620,25 @@ namespace detail {
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double operator()(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI / 180.0;
+                return a * xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI / 180.0;
             }
 
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr auto operator()(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI / A(180.0);
+                return a * xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI / A(180.0);
             }
 
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double simd_apply(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI / 180.0;
+                return a * xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI / 180.0;
             }
 
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr auto simd_apply(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI / A(180.0);
+                return a * xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI / A(180.0);
             }
         };
 
@@ -640,25 +647,25 @@ namespace detail {
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double operator()(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * 180.0 / xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;
+                return a * 180.0 / xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;
             }
 
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr auto operator()(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * A(180.0) / xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI;
+                return a * A(180.0) / xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI;
             }
 
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr double simd_apply(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * 180.0 / xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;
+                return a * 180.0 / xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;
             }
 
             template <class A, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<A>::value, int> = 0>
             constexpr auto simd_apply(const A& a) const noexcept
             {
-              return a * A(180.0) / xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI;
+                return a * A(180.0) / xt::numeric_constants<A>::PI;
             }
         };
     }
@@ -673,8 +680,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto deg2rad(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::deg2rad, E> {
+    inline auto deg2rad(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::deg2rad, E>
+    {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::deg2rad>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -688,8 +695,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto radians(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::deg2rad, E> {
+    inline auto radians(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::deg2rad, E>
+    {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::deg2rad>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -703,8 +710,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto rad2deg(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::rad2deg, E> {
+    inline auto rad2deg(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::rad2deg, E>
+    {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::rad2deg>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -718,8 +725,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto degrees(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::rad2deg, E> {
+    inline auto degrees(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::rad2deg, E>
+    {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::rad2deg>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
 
@@ -734,8 +741,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto maximum(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::maximum<void>, E1, E2>
+    inline auto maximum(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::maximum<void>, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::maximum<void>>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -751,8 +757,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto minimum(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::minimum<void>, E1, E2>
+    inline auto minimum(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::minimum<void>, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::minimum<void>>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -768,8 +773,12 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amax, math::maximum<void>, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
-                             std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::lowest())
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(
+        amax,
+        math::maximum<void>,
+        typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
+        std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::lowest()
+    )
 
     /**
      * @ingroup basic_functions
@@ -782,8 +791,12 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param es evaluation strategy of the reducer
      * @return an \ref xreducer
      */
-    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(amin, math::minimum<void>, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
-                             std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::max())
+    XTENSOR_REDUCER_FUNCTION(
+        amin,
+        math::minimum<void>,
+        typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type,
+        std::numeric_limits<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>>::max()
+    )
 
     /**
      * @ingroup basic_functions
@@ -801,7 +814,11 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto clip(E1&& e1, E2&& lo, E3&& hi) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::clamp_fun, E1, E2, E3>
     {
-        return detail::make_xfunction<math::clamp_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(lo), std::forward<E3>(hi));
+        return detail::make_xfunction<math::clamp_fun>(
+            std::forward<E1>(e1),
+            std::forward<E2>(lo),
+            std::forward<E3>(hi)
+        );
     }
 
     namespace math
@@ -812,13 +829,20 @@ namespace detail {
             template <class XT = T>
             static constexpr std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_signed<XT>::value, T> run(T x)
             {
-                return std::isnan(x) ? std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN() : x == 0 ? T(copysign(T(0), x)) : T(copysign(T(1), x));
+                return std::isnan(x) ? std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN()
+                       : x == 0      ? T(copysign(T(0), x))
+                                     : T(copysign(T(1), x));
             }
 
             template <class XT = T>
             static constexpr std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_complex<XT>::value, T> run(T x)
             {
-                return T(sign_impl<typename T::value_type>::run((x.real() != typename T::value_type(0)) ? x.real() : x.imag()), 0);
+                return T(
+                    sign_impl<typename T::value_type>::run(
+                        (x.real() != typename T::value_type(0)) ? x.real() : x.imag()
+                    ),
+                    0
+                );
             }
 
             template <class XT = T>
@@ -849,8 +873,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto sign(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sign_fun, E>
+    inline auto sign(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sign_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::sign_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -873,8 +896,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto exp(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::exp_fun, E>
+    inline auto exp(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::exp_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::exp_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -889,8 +911,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto exp2(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::exp2_fun, E>
+    inline auto exp2(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::exp2_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::exp2_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -905,8 +926,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto expm1(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::expm1_fun, E>
+    inline auto expm1(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::expm1_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::expm1_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -921,8 +941,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto log(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log_fun, E>
+    inline auto log(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::log_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -937,8 +956,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto log10(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log10_fun, E>
+    inline auto log10(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log10_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::log10_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -953,8 +971,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto log2(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log2_fun, E>
+    inline auto log2(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log2_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::log2_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -969,8 +986,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto log1p(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log1p_fun, E>
+    inline auto log1p(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::log1p_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::log1p_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -995,8 +1011,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto pow(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::pow_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto pow(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::pow_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::pow_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -1004,13 +1019,14 @@ namespace detail {
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class F, class... T, typename = decltype(std::declval<F>()(std::declval<T>()...))>
-        std::true_type  supports_test(const F&, const T&...);
+        std::true_type supports_test(const F&, const T&...);
         std::false_type supports_test(...);
 
-        template <class... T> struct supports;
+        template <class... T>
+        struct supports;
 
-        template <class F, class... T> struct supports<F(T...)>
-            : decltype(supports_test(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<T>()...))
+        template <class F, class... T>
+        struct supports<F(T...)> : decltype(supports_test(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<T>()...))
         {
         };
 
@@ -1071,20 +1087,18 @@ namespace detail {
         return xfunction_type(detail::lambda_adapt<F>(std::forward<F>(lambda)), std::forward<E>(args)...);
     }
 
-
 #define XTENSOR_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
 
 // Workaround for MSVC 2015 & GCC 4.9
 #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910) || (defined(__GNUC__) && GCC_VERSION < 49999)
-    #define XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
+#define XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
 #endif
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
     struct square_fct
     {
         template <class T>
-        auto operator()(T x) const
-            -> decltype(x * x)
+        auto operator()(T x) const -> decltype(x * x)
         {
             return x * x;
         }
@@ -1093,8 +1107,7 @@ namespace detail {
     struct cube_fct
     {
         template <class T>
-        auto operator()(T x) const
-            -> decltype(x * x * x)
+        auto operator()(T x) const -> decltype(x * x * x)
         {
             return x * x * x;
         }
@@ -1116,7 +1129,8 @@ namespace detail {
 #ifdef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
         return make_lambda_xfunction(square_fct{}, std::forward<E1>(e1));
 #else
-        auto fnct = [](auto x) -> decltype(x * x) {
+        auto fnct = [](auto x) -> decltype(x * x)
+        {
             return x * x;
         };
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(fnct), std::forward<E1>(e1));
@@ -1138,7 +1152,8 @@ namespace detail {
 #ifdef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
         return make_lambda_xfunction(cube_fct{}, std::forward<E1>(e1));
 #else
-        auto fnct = [](auto x) -> decltype(x * x * x) {
+        auto fnct = [](auto x) -> decltype(x * x * x)
+        {
             return x * x * x;
         };
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(fnct), std::forward<E1>(e1));
@@ -1158,8 +1173,7 @@ namespace detail {
         struct pow_impl
         {
             template <class T>
-            auto operator()(T v) const
-                -> decltype(v * v)
+            auto operator()(T v) const -> decltype(v * v)
             {
                 T temp = pow_impl<N / 2>{}(v);
                 return temp * temp * pow_impl<N & 1>{}(v);
@@ -1170,8 +1184,7 @@ namespace detail {
         struct pow_impl<1>
         {
             template <class T>
-            auto operator()(T v) const
-                -> T
+            auto operator()(T v) const -> T
             {
                 return v;
             }
@@ -1181,8 +1194,7 @@ namespace detail {
         struct pow_impl<0>
         {
             template <class T>
-            auto operator()(T /*v*/) const
-                -> T
+            auto operator()(T /*v*/) const -> T
             {
                 return T(1);
             }
@@ -1223,8 +1235,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto sqrt(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sqrt_fun, E>
+    inline auto sqrt(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sqrt_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::sqrt_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1239,8 +1250,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto cbrt(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::cbrt_fun, E>
+    inline auto cbrt(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::cbrt_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::cbrt_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1258,8 +1268,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto hypot(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::hypot_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto hypot(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::hypot_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::hypot_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -1282,8 +1291,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto sin(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sin_fun, E>
+    inline auto sin(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sin_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::sin_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1298,8 +1306,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto cos(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::cos_fun, E>
+    inline auto cos(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::cos_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::cos_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1314,8 +1321,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto tan(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::tan_fun, E>
+    inline auto tan(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::tan_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::tan_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1330,8 +1336,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto asin(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::asin_fun, E>
+    inline auto asin(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::asin_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::asin_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1346,8 +1351,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto acos(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::acos_fun, E>
+    inline auto acos(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::acos_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::acos_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1362,8 +1366,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto atan(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::atan_fun, E>
+    inline auto atan(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::atan_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::atan_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1381,8 +1384,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @note e1 and e2 can't be both scalars.
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto atan2(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::atan2_fun, E1, E2>
+    inline auto atan2(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::atan2_fun, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::atan2_fun>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -1405,8 +1407,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto sinh(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sinh_fun, E>
+    inline auto sinh(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::sinh_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::sinh_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1421,8 +1422,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto cosh(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::cosh_fun, E>
+    inline auto cosh(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::cosh_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::cosh_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1437,8 +1437,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto tanh(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::tanh_fun, E>
+    inline auto tanh(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::tanh_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::tanh_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1453,8 +1452,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto asinh(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::asinh_fun, E>
+    inline auto asinh(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::asinh_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::asinh_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1469,8 +1467,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto acosh(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::acosh_fun, E>
+    inline auto acosh(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::acosh_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::acosh_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1485,8 +1482,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto atanh(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::atanh_fun, E>
+    inline auto atanh(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::atanh_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::atanh_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1509,8 +1505,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto erf(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::erf_fun, E>
+    inline auto erf(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::erf_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::erf_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1525,8 +1520,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto erfc(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::erfc_fun, E>
+    inline auto erfc(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::erfc_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::erfc_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1541,8 +1535,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto tgamma(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::tgamma_fun, E>
+    inline auto tgamma(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::tgamma_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::tgamma_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1557,8 +1550,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto lgamma(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::lgamma_fun, E>
+    inline auto lgamma(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::lgamma_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::lgamma_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1581,8 +1573,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto ceil(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::ceil_fun, E>
+    inline auto ceil(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::ceil_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::ceil_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1597,8 +1588,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto floor(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::floor_fun, E>
+    inline auto floor(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::floor_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::floor_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1613,8 +1603,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto trunc(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::trunc_fun, E>
+    inline auto trunc(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::trunc_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::trunc_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1630,8 +1619,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto round(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::round_fun, E>
+    inline auto round(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::round_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::round_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1647,8 +1635,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto nearbyint(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::nearbyint_fun, E>
+    inline auto nearbyint(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::nearbyint_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::nearbyint_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1664,8 +1651,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto rint(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::rint_fun, E>
+    inline auto rint(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::rint_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::rint_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1688,8 +1674,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto isfinite(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::isfinite_fun, E>
+    inline auto isfinite(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::isfinite_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::isfinite_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1704,8 +1689,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto isinf(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::isinf_fun, E>
+    inline auto isinf(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::isinf_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::isinf_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1720,8 +1704,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto isnan(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::isnan_fun, E>
+    inline auto isnan(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<math::isnan_fun, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<math::isnan_fun>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -1739,9 +1722,7 @@ namespace detail {
         {
             using functor_type = F;
             using expression_tag = xexpression_tag_t<E...>;
-            using type = select_xfunction_expression_t<expression_tag,
-                                                       functor_type,
-                                                       const_xclosure_t<E>...>;
+            using type = select_xfunction_expression_t<expression_tag, functor_type, const_xclosure_t<E>...>;
             auto functor = get_functor<functor_type>(
                 std::forward<std::tuple<A...>>(f_args),
                 std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(A)>{}
@@ -1752,8 +1733,11 @@ namespace detail {
         struct isclose
         {
             using result_type = bool;
+
             isclose(double rtol, double atol, bool equal_nan)
-                : m_rtol(rtol), m_atol(atol), m_equal_nan(equal_nan)
+                : m_rtol(rtol)
+                , m_atol(atol)
+                , m_equal_nan(equal_nan)
             {
             }
 
@@ -1771,7 +1755,10 @@ namespace detail {
                     return a == b;
                 }
                 auto d = math::abs(internal_type(a) - internal_type(b));
-                return d <= m_atol || d <= m_rtol * double((std::max)(math::abs(internal_type(a)), math::abs(internal_type(b))));
+                return d <= m_atol
+                       || d <= m_rtol
+                                   * double((std::max
+                                   )(math::abs(internal_type(a)), math::abs(internal_type(b))));
             }
 
         private:
@@ -1798,10 +1785,14 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto isclose(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, double rtol = 1e-05, double atol = 1e-08, bool equal_nan = false) noexcept
+    inline auto
+    isclose(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, double rtol = 1e-05, double atol = 1e-08, bool equal_nan = false) noexcept
     {
-        return detail::make_xfunction<detail::isclose>(std::make_tuple(rtol, atol, equal_nan),
-                                                       std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
+        return detail::make_xfunction<detail::isclose>(
+            std::make_tuple(rtol, atol, equal_nan),
+            std::forward<E1>(e1),
+            std::forward<E2>(e2)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1879,8 +1870,13 @@ namespace detail {
             return std::move(s) / std::move(div);
         }
 
-        template <class T, class E, class X, class D, class EVS,
-                  XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
+        template <
+            class T,
+            class E,
+            class X,
+            class D,
+            class EVS,
+            XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, X&& axes, D const& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
@@ -1902,8 +1898,7 @@ namespace detail {
             return mean_division<T>(std::move(s), size - static_cast<size_type>(ddof));
         }
 
-        template <class T, class E, class D, class EVS,
-                  XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
+        template <class T, class E, class D, class EVS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
         inline auto mean_noaxis(E&& e, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
@@ -1930,15 +1925,18 @@ namespace detail {
      *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      */
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto mean(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return detail::mean<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto mean(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return detail::mean_noaxis<T>(std::forward<E>(e), 0u, es);
@@ -1967,8 +1965,13 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa mean
      */
-    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class W,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, X&& axes, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
         xindex_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type> broadcast_shape;
@@ -1988,7 +1991,10 @@ namespace detail {
         {
             if (!same_shape(e.shape(), weights.shape()))
             {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Weights with dim > 1 need to have the same shape as expression.");
+                XTENSOR_THROW(
+                    std::runtime_error,
+                    "Weights with dim > 1 need to have the same shape as expression."
+                );
             }
 
             std::copy(e.shape().begin(), e.shape().end(), broadcast_shape.begin());
@@ -2000,26 +2006,31 @@ namespace detail {
         return sum<T>(std::forward<E>(e) * std::move(weights_view), std::move(ax), ev) / std::move(scl);
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class W,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, X axis, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
         return average(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<W>(weights), {axis}, std::forward<EVS>(ev));
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class W, class X, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, const X(&axes)[N], EVS ev = EVS())
+    inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, const X (&axes)[N], EVS ev = EVS())
     {
         // need to select the X&& overload and forward to different type
         using ax_t = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         return average<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<W>(weights), xt::forward_normalize<ax_t>(e, axes), ev);
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class W, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
-        if (weights.dimension() != e.dimension() || !std::equal(weights.shape().begin(), weights.shape().end(), e.shape().begin()))
+        if (weights.dimension() != e.dimension()
+            || !std::equal(weights.shape().begin(), weights.shape().end(), e.shape().begin()))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Weights need to have the same shape as expression.");
         }
@@ -2037,38 +2048,38 @@ namespace detail {
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template<typename E>
-        std::enable_if_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<E>::value, E>
-        shared_forward(E e) noexcept
+        template <typename E>
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<E>::value, E> shared_forward(E e) noexcept
         {
             return e;
         }
 
-        template<typename E>
-        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_lvalue_reference<E>::value, xshared_expression<E>>
-        shared_forward(E e) noexcept
+        template <typename E>
+        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_lvalue_reference<E>::value, xshared_expression<E>> shared_forward(E e) noexcept
         {
             return make_xshared(std::move(e));
         }
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class D,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         auto cached_mean = mean<T>(e, es)();
         return detail::mean_noaxis<T>(square(std::forward<E>(e) - std::move(cached_mean)), ddof, es);
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), 0u, es);
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es));
@@ -2098,8 +2109,13 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa stddev, mean
      */
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class D,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, const D& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
@@ -2113,9 +2129,7 @@ namespace detail {
         // We need to map it to another type before modifying it.
         // We pragmatically abuse `get_strides_t`
         using tmp_shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
-        tmp_shape_t keep_dim_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<tmp_shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(
-            e.shape()
-        );
+        tmp_shape_t keep_dim_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<tmp_shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(e.shape());
         for (const auto& el : axes)
         {
             keep_dim_shape[el] = 1u;
@@ -2125,11 +2139,15 @@ namespace detail {
         return detail::mean<T>(square(sc - std::move(mrv)), std::forward<X>(axes), ddof, es);
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-      return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
+        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2153,8 +2171,12 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa variance, mean
      */
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
@@ -2163,27 +2185,38 @@ namespace detail {
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return stddev<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                         es);
+        return stddev<T>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class A,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                           xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                           es);
+        return variance<T>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-      return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                         ddof,
-                         es);
+        return variance<T>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+            ddof,
+            es
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2196,33 +2229,38 @@ namespace detail {
      * @return an \ref xexpression of type ``std::array<value_type, 2>``, whose first
      *         and second element represent the minimum and maximum respectively
      */
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto minmax(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        using std::min;
         using std::max;
+        using std::min;
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
         using result_type = std::array<value_type, 2>;
         using init_value_fct = xt::const_value<result_type>;
 
-        auto reduce_func = [](auto r, const auto& v) {
-            r[0] = (min)(r[0], v);
-            r[1] = (max)(r[1], v);
+        auto reduce_func = [](auto r, const auto& v)
+        {
+            r[0] = (min) (r[0], v);
+            r[1] = (max) (r[1], v);
             return r;
         };
 
-        auto init_func = init_value_fct(result_type{std::numeric_limits<value_type>::max(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::lowest()});
+        auto init_func = init_value_fct(
+            result_type{std::numeric_limits<value_type>::max(), std::numeric_limits<value_type>::lowest()}
+        );
 
-        auto merge_func = [](auto r, const auto& s) {
-            r[0] = (min)(r[0], s[0]);
-            r[1] = (max)(r[1], s[1]);
+        auto merge_func = [](auto r, const auto& s)
+        {
+            r[0] = (min) (r[0], s[0]);
+            r[1] = (max) (r[1], s[1]);
             return r;
         };
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_func),
-                                                std::move(init_func),
-                                                std::move(merge_func)),
-                      std::forward<E>(e), arange(e.dimension()), es);
+        return xt::reduce(
+            make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_func), std::move(init_func), std::move(merge_func)),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            arange(e.dimension()),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2247,17 +2285,21 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
-                          std::forward<E>(e),
-                          axis);
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axis
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto cumsum(E&& e)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
-                          std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::plus(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2278,17 +2320,21 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
-                          std::forward<E>(e),
-                          axis);
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axis
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto cumprod(E&& e)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
-                          std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::multiplies(), detail::accumulator_identity<init_value_type>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e)
+        );
     }
 
     /*****************
@@ -2327,9 +2373,12 @@ namespace detail {
             constexpr auto operator()(const T lhs, const U rhs) const
             {
                 // Clunky expression for working with GCC 4.9
-                return math::isnan(lhs) ?
-                       rhs :
-                       (math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs : std::common_type_t<T, U>(detail::make_xfunction<math::minimum<void>>(lhs, rhs)));
+                return math::isnan(lhs)
+                           ? rhs
+                           : (math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs
+                                               : std::common_type_t<T, U>(
+                                                   detail::make_xfunction<math::minimum<void>>(lhs, rhs)
+                                               ));
             }
         };
 
@@ -2339,9 +2388,12 @@ namespace detail {
             constexpr auto operator()(const T lhs, const U rhs) const
             {
                 // Clunky expression for working with GCC 4.9
-                return math::isnan(lhs) ?
-                       rhs :
-                       (math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs : std::common_type_t<T, U>(detail::make_xfunction<math::maximum<void>>(lhs, rhs)));
+                return math::isnan(lhs)
+                           ? rhs
+                           : (math::isnan(rhs) ? lhs
+                                               : std::common_type_t<T, U>(
+                                                   detail::make_xfunction<math::maximum<void>>(lhs, rhs)
+                                               ));
             }
         };
 
@@ -2368,6 +2420,7 @@ namespace detail {
         {
             using value_type = T;
             using result_type = T;
+
             constexpr result_type operator()(const value_type lhs) const
             {
                 return math::isnan(lhs) ? result_type(V) : lhs;
@@ -2473,60 +2526,80 @@ namespace detail {
                                                                                             \
         return (rhs != value_t(0)) ? lhs + result_t(1) : lhs;                               \
     };                                                                                      \
-    auto merge_func = detail::plus();                                                       \
+    auto merge_func = detail::plus();
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT;
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
-                      std::forward<E>(e), es);
+        return xt::reduce(
+            make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT;
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
-                      std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
+        return xt::reduce(
+            make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::forward<X>(axes),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
+    template <
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return count_nonzero(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);
     }
 
-
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
         COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT;
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
-                      std::forward<E>(e), axes, es);
+        return xt::reduce(
+            make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_fct), std::move(init_fct), std::move(merge_func)),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axes,
+            es
+        );
     }
 
 #undef COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-             XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-             XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
+    template <
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), {axes}, es);
@@ -2556,14 +2629,21 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto nancumsum(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 0>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axis
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto nancumsum(E&& e)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 0>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_plus(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 0>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2584,14 +2664,21 @@ namespace detail {
     inline auto nancumprod(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e), axis);
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 1>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axis
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E>
     inline auto nancumprod(E&& e)
     {
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, T>;
-        return accumulate(make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 1>()), std::forward<E>(e));
+        return accumulate(
+            make_xaccumulator_functor(detail::nan_multiplies(), detail::nan_init<init_value_type, 1>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e)
+        );
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -2600,9 +2687,13 @@ namespace detail {
         struct diff_impl
         {
             template <class Arg>
-            inline void operator()(Arg& ad, const std::size_t& n,
-                                   xstrided_slice_vector& slice1, xstrided_slice_vector& slice2,
-                                   std::size_t saxis)
+            inline void operator()(
+                Arg& ad,
+                const std::size_t& n,
+                xstrided_slice_vector& slice1,
+                xstrided_slice_vector& slice2,
+                std::size_t saxis
+            )
             {
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
                 {
@@ -2616,9 +2707,13 @@ namespace detail {
         struct diff_impl<bool>
         {
             template <class Arg>
-            inline void operator()(Arg& ad, const std::size_t& n,
-                                   xstrided_slice_vector& slice1, xstrided_slice_vector& slice2,
-                                   std::size_t saxis)
+            inline void operator()(
+                Arg& ad,
+                const std::size_t& n,
+                xstrided_slice_vector& slice1,
+                xstrided_slice_vector& slice2,
+                std::size_t saxis
+            )
             {
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
                 {
@@ -2644,48 +2739,58 @@ namespace detail {
      *           You can pass `big_promote_value_type_t<E>` to avoid overflow in computation.
      * @return an \ref xexpression
      */
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanmean(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
         // note: forcing copy of first axes argument -- is there a better solution?
         auto axes_copy = axes;
         using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-        using sum_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::common_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, value_type>, T>;
+        using sum_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            std::is_same<T, void>::value,
+            typename std::common_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, value_type>,
+            T>;
         // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
         // std::plus<double>.
-        return nansum<sum_type>(sc, std::forward<X>(axes), es) / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, std::move(axes_copy), es));
+        return nansum<sum_type>(sc, std::forward<X>(axes), es)
+               / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, std::move(axes_copy), es));
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto nanmean(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
         using value_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, double, T>;
-        using sum_type = typename std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, typename std::common_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, value_type>, T>;
+        using sum_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            std::is_same<T, void>::value,
+            typename std::common_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type, value_type>,
+            T>;
         return nansum<sum_type>(sc, es) / xt::cast<value_type>(count_nonnan(sc, es));
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanmean(E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return nanmean<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                          xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                          es);
+        return nanmean<T>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
         return nanmean<T>(square(sc - nanmean<T>(sc)), es);
     }
 
-    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+    template <class T = void, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), es));
@@ -2711,8 +2816,12 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa nanstd, nanmean
      */
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
@@ -2726,9 +2835,7 @@ namespace detail {
         // We need to map it to another type before modifying it.
         // We pragmatically abuse `get_strides_t`
         using tmp_shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
-        tmp_shape_t keep_dim_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<tmp_shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(
-            e.shape()
-        );
+        tmp_shape_t keep_dim_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<tmp_shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(e.shape());
         for (const auto& el : axes)
         {
             keep_dim_shape[el] = 1;
@@ -2757,8 +2864,12 @@ namespace detail {
      *
      * @sa nanvar, nanmean
      */
-    template <class T = void, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class T = void,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
@@ -2767,24 +2878,29 @@ namespace detail {
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return nanstd<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                         es);
+        return nanstd<T>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        return nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e),
-                         xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
-                         es);
+        return nanvar<T>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(axes)>(axes),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
     /**
      * @ingroup red_functions
      * @brief Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis.
      *
-     * Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis. This function is not lazy (might change in the future).
+     * Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis. This function is not lazy (might change in
+     * the future).
      * @param a an \ref xexpression
      * @param n The number of times values are differenced. If zero, the input is returned as-is. (optional)
      * @param axis The axis along which the difference is taken, default is the last axis.
@@ -2795,9 +2911,8 @@ namespace detail {
     {
         typename std::decay_t<T>::temporary_type ad = a.derived_cast();
         std::size_t saxis = normalize_axis(ad.dimension(), axis);
-        if(n <= ad.size())
+        if (n <= ad.size())
         {
-
             if (n != std::size_t(0))
             {
                 xstrided_slice_vector slice1(ad.dimension(), all());
@@ -2821,7 +2936,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @ingroup red_functions
      * @brief Integrate along the given axis using the composite trapezoidal rule.
      *
-     * Returns definite integral as approximated by trapezoidal rule. This function is not lazy (might change in the future).
+     * Returns definite integral as approximated by trapezoidal rule. This function is not lazy (might change
+     * in the future).
      * @param y an \ref xexpression
      * @param dx the spacing between sample points (optional)
      * @param axis the axis along which to integrate.
@@ -2847,7 +2963,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @ingroup red_functions
      * @brief Integrate along the given axis using the composite trapezoidal rule.
      *
-     * Returns definite integral as approximated by trapezoidal rule. This function is not lazy (might change in the future).
+     * Returns definite integral as approximated by trapezoidal rule. This function is not lazy (might change
+     * in the future).
      * @param y an \ref xexpression
      * @param x an \ref xexpression representing the sample points corresponding to the y values.
      * @param axis the axis along which to integrate.
@@ -2888,7 +3005,8 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup basic_functions
-     * @brief Returns the one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolant to a function with given discrete data points (xp, fp), evaluated at x.
+     * @brief Returns the one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolant to a function with given discrete data
+     * points (xp, fp), evaluated at x.
      *
      * @param x The x-coordinates at which to evaluate the interpolated values (sorted).
      * @param xp The x-coordinates of the data points (sorted).
@@ -2897,8 +3015,8 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param right Value to return for x > xp[-1]
      * @return an one-dimensional xarray, same length as x.
      */
-    template<class E1, class E2, class E3, typename T>
-    inline auto interp(const E1 &x, const E2 &xp, const E3 &fp, T left, T right)
+    template <class E1, class E2, class E3, typename T>
+    inline auto interp(const E1& x, const E2& xp, const E3& fp, T left, T right)
     {
         using size_type = common_size_type_t<E1, E2, E3>;
         using value_type = typename E3::value_type;
@@ -2915,7 +3033,7 @@ namespace detail {
         size_type i = 0;
 
         // fill f[i] for x[i] <= xp[0]
-        for (; i < x.size() ; ++i)
+        for (; i < x.size(); ++i)
         {
             if (x[i] > xp[0])
             {
@@ -2929,13 +3047,13 @@ namespace detail {
         size_type imax = x.size();
 
         // fill f[i] for x[-1] >= xp[-1]
-        for (; imax > 0 ; --imax)
+        for (; imax > 0; --imax)
         {
-            if (x[imax-1] < xp[xp.size() - 1])
+            if (x[imax - 1] < xp[xp.size() - 1])
             {
                 break;
             }
-            f[imax-1] = static_cast<value_type>(right);
+            f[imax - 1] = static_cast<value_type>(right);
         }
 
         // catch edge case: all entries are "right"
@@ -2952,7 +3070,7 @@ namespace detail {
         size_type ip = 1;
 
         // fill f[i] for the interior
-        for (; i <= imax ; ++i)
+        for (; i <= imax; ++i)
         {
             // - search next value in "xp"
             while (x[i] > xp[ip])
@@ -2962,7 +3080,7 @@ namespace detail {
             // - distances as doubles
             double dfp = static_cast<double>(fp[ip] - fp[ip - 1]);
             double dxp = static_cast<double>(xp[ip] - xp[ip - 1]);
-            double dx  = static_cast<double>(x[i] - xp[ip - 1]);
+            double dx = static_cast<double>(x[i] - xp[ip - 1]);
             // - interpolate
             f[i] = fp[ip - 1] + static_cast<value_type>(dfp / dxp * dx);
         }
@@ -2972,15 +3090,16 @@ namespace detail {
 
     /**
      * @ingroup basic_functions
-     * @brief Returns the one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolant to a function with given discrete data points (xp, fp), evaluated at x.
+     * @brief Returns the one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolant to a function with given discrete data
+     * points (xp, fp), evaluated at x.
      *
      * @param x The x-coordinates at which to evaluate the interpolated values (sorted).
      * @param xp The x-coordinates of the data points (sorted).
      * @param fp The y-coordinates of the data points, same length as xp.
      * @return an one-dimensional xarray, same length as x.
      */
-    template<class E1, class E2, class E3>
-    inline auto interp(const E1 &x, const E2 &xp, const E3 &fp)
+    template <class E1, class E2, class E3>
+    inline auto interp(const E1& x, const E2& xp, const E3& fp)
     {
         return interp(x, xp, fp, fp[0], fp[fp.size() - 1]);
     }
@@ -2992,7 +3111,7 @@ namespace detail {
      * @param y optional one-dimensional array to build covariance to x
      */
     template <class E1>
-    inline auto cov(const E1 &x, const E1 &y = E1())
+    inline auto cov(const E1& x, const E1& y = E1())
     {
         using value_type = typename E1::value_type;
 
@@ -3002,25 +3121,27 @@ namespace detail {
             using size_type = std::decay_t<decltype(s[0])>;
             if (x.dimension() == 1)
             {
-                auto covar = eval(zeros<value_type>({ 1, 1 }));
+                auto covar = eval(zeros<value_type>({1, 1}));
                 auto x_norm = x - eval(mean(x));
-                covar(0, 0) = std::inner_product(x_norm.begin(), x_norm.end(), x_norm.begin(), 0.0) / value_type(s[0] - 1);
+                covar(0, 0) = std::inner_product(x_norm.begin(), x_norm.end(), x_norm.begin(), 0.0)
+                              / value_type(s[0] - 1);
                 return covar;
             }
 
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(x.dimension() == 2);
 
-            auto covar = eval(zeros<value_type>({ s[0], s[0] }));
+            auto covar = eval(zeros<value_type>({s[0], s[0]}));
             auto m = eval(mean(x, {1}));
-            m.reshape({m.shape()[0],1});
+            m.reshape({m.shape()[0], 1});
             auto x_norm = x - m;
             for (size_type i = 0; i < s[0]; i++)
             {
-                auto xi = strided_view(x_norm, { range(i, i + 1), all() });
+                auto xi = strided_view(x_norm, {range(i, i + 1), all()});
                 for (size_type j = i; j < s[0]; j++)
                 {
-                    auto xj = strided_view(x_norm, { range(j, j + 1), all() });
-                    covar(j, i) = std::inner_product(xi.begin(), xi.end(), xj.begin(), 0.0) / value_type(s[1] - 1);
+                    auto xj = strided_view(x_norm, {range(j, j + 1), all()});
+                    covar(j, i) = std::inner_product(xi.begin(), xi.end(), xj.begin(), 0.0)
+                                  / value_type(s[1] - 1);
                 }
             }
             return eval(covar + transpose(covar) - diag(diagonal(covar)));
@@ -3031,20 +3152,24 @@ namespace detail {
         }
     }
 
-
-
     /*
-    * convolution mode placeholders for selecting the algorithm
-    * used in computing a 1D convolution.
-    * Same as NumPy's mode parameter.
-    */
+     * convolution mode placeholders for selecting the algorithm
+     * used in computing a 1D convolution.
+     * Same as NumPy's mode parameter.
+     */
     namespace convolve_mode
     {
-        struct valid{};
-        struct full{};
+        struct valid
+        {
+        };
+
+        struct full
+        {
+        };
     }
 
-    namespace detail {
+    namespace detail
+    {
         template <class E1, class E2>
         inline auto convolve_impl(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, convolve_mode::valid)
         {
@@ -3053,7 +3178,7 @@ namespace detail {
             std::size_t const na = e1.size();
             std::size_t const nv = e2.size();
             std::size_t const n = na - nv + 1;
-            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n });
+            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({n});
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
             {
                 for (std::size_t j = 0; j < nv; j++)
@@ -3072,7 +3197,7 @@ namespace detail {
             std::size_t const na = e1.size();
             std::size_t const nv = e2.size();
             std::size_t const n = na + nv - 1;
-            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({ n });
+            xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({n});
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
             {
                 std::size_t const jmn = (i >= nv - 1) ? i - (nv - 1) : 0;
@@ -3087,19 +3212,18 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     /*
-    * @brief computes the 1D convolution between two 1D expressions
-    *
-    * @param a 1D expression
-    * @param v 1D expression
-    * @param mode placeholder Select algorithm #convolve_mode
-    *
-    * @detail the algorithm convolves a with v and will incur a copy overhead
-    *   should v be longer than a.
-    */
+     * @brief computes the 1D convolution between two 1D expressions
+     *
+     * @param a 1D expression
+     * @param v 1D expression
+     * @param mode placeholder Select algorithm #convolve_mode
+     *
+     * @detail the algorithm convolves a with v and will incur a copy overhead
+     *   should v be longer than a.
+     */
     template <class E1, class E2, class E3>
     inline auto convolve(E1&& a, E2&& v, E3 mode)
     {
-
         if (a.dimension() != 1 || v.dimension() != 1)
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Invalid dimentions convolution arguments must be 1D expressions");
@@ -3107,7 +3231,7 @@ namespace detail {
 
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(a.size() > 0 && v.size() > 0);
 
-        //swap them so a is always the longest one
+        // swap them so a is always the longest one
         if (a.size() < v.size())
         {
             return detail::convolve_impl(std::forward<E2>(v), std::forward<E1>(a), mode);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmime.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmime.hpp
index 7beaf3150..83ee12520 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmime.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmime.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_MIME_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_MIME_HPP
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class P, class T>
-    void compute_1d_table(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr,
-                          const std::size_t& edgeitems)
+    void compute_1d_table(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr, const std::size_t& edgeitems)
     {
         const auto& dim = expr.shape()[0];
 
@@ -69,19 +68,29 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class P>
-    void compute_2d_element(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const std::string& idx_str,
-                            const std::size_t& row_idx, const std::size_t& column_idx)
+    void compute_2d_element(
+        std::stringstream& out,
+        P& printer,
+        const std::string& idx_str,
+        const std::size_t& row_idx,
+        const std::size_t& column_idx
+    )
     {
-        out << "<td style='font-family:monospace;' title='("
-            << idx_str << row_idx << ", " << column_idx << ")'><pre>";
+        out << "<td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(" << idx_str << row_idx << ", " << column_idx
+            << ")'><pre>";
         printer.print_next(out);
         out << "</pre></td>";
     }
 
     template <class P, class T>
-    void compute_2d_row(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr,
-                        const std::size_t& edgeitems, const std::string& idx_str,
-                        const std::size_t& row_idx)
+    void compute_2d_row(
+        std::stringstream& out,
+        P& printer,
+        const T& expr,
+        const std::size_t& edgeitems,
+        const std::string& idx_str,
+        const std::size_t& row_idx
+    )
     {
         const auto& dim = expr.shape()[expr.dimension() - 1];
 
@@ -109,15 +118,25 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class P, class T, class I>
-    void compute_2d_table(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr,
-                          const std::size_t& edgeitems, const std::vector<I>& idx)
+    void compute_2d_table(
+        std::stringstream& out,
+        P& printer,
+        const T& expr,
+        const std::size_t& edgeitems,
+        const std::vector<I>& idx
+    )
     {
         const auto& dim = expr.shape()[expr.dimension() - 2];
         const auto& last_dim = expr.shape()[expr.dimension() - 1];
         std::string idx_str;
-        std::for_each(idx.cbegin(), idx.cend(), [&idx_str](const auto& i) {
-            idx_str += std::to_string(i) + ", ";
-        });
+        std::for_each(
+            idx.cbegin(),
+            idx.cend(),
+            [&idx_str](const auto& i)
+            {
+                idx_str += std::to_string(i) + ", ";
+            }
+        );
 
         std::size_t nb_ellipsis = 2 * edgeitems + 1;
         if (last_dim <= 2 * edgeitems + 1)
@@ -161,8 +180,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class P, class T, class I>
-    void compute_nd_row(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr,
-                        const std::size_t& edgeitems, const std::vector<I>& idx)
+    void compute_nd_row(
+        std::stringstream& out,
+        P& printer,
+        const T& expr,
+        const std::size_t& edgeitems,
+        const std::vector<I>& idx
+    )
     {
         out << "<tr><td>";
         compute_nd_table_impl(out, printer, expr, edgeitems, idx);
@@ -170,8 +194,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class P, class T, class I>
-    void compute_nd_table_impl(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr,
-                               const std::size_t& edgeitems, const std::vector<I>& idx)
+    void compute_nd_table_impl(
+        std::stringstream& out,
+        P& printer,
+        const T& expr,
+        const std::size_t& edgeitems,
+        const std::vector<I>& idx
+    )
     {
         const auto& displayed_dimension = idx.size();
         const auto& expr_dim = expr.dimension();
@@ -212,8 +241,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class P, class T>
-    void compute_nd_table(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr,
-                          const std::size_t& edgeitems)
+    void compute_nd_table(std::stringstream& out, P& printer, const T& expr, const std::size_t& edgeitems)
     {
         if (expr.dimension() == 0)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
index ccc5dcfab..aad89c3d6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
@@ -1,46 +1,44 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XMULTIINDEX_ITERATOR
 #define XTENSOR_XMULTIINDEX_ITERATOR
 
-#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
-
-
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-    template<class S>
+    template <class S>
     class xmultiindex_iterator
     {
     public:
+
         using self_type = xmultiindex_iterator<S>;
         using shape_type = S;
 
         using value_type = shape_type;
-        using reference = value_type &;
+        using reference = value_type&;
         using pointer = value_type*;
         using difference_type = std::size_t;
         using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
 
         xmultiindex_iterator() = default;
 
-        template<class B, class E, class C>
-        xmultiindex_iterator(B && begin, E && end, C && current, const std::size_t linear_index)
-        :   m_begin(std::forward<B>(begin)),
-            m_end(std::forward<E>(end)),
-            m_current(std::forward<C>(current)),
-            m_linear_index(linear_index)
+        template <class B, class E, class C>
+        xmultiindex_iterator(B&& begin, E&& end, C&& current, const std::size_t linear_index)
+            : m_begin(std::forward<B>(begin))
+            , m_end(std::forward<E>(end))
+            , m_current(std::forward<C>(current))
+            , m_linear_index(linear_index)
         {
-
         }
 
         self_type& operator++()
@@ -69,11 +67,13 @@ namespace xt
             ++(*this);
             return it;
         }
-        shape_type & operator*()
+
+        shape_type& operator*()
         {
             return m_current;
         }
-        const shape_type & operator*() const
+
+        const shape_type& operator*() const
         {
             return m_current;
         }
@@ -82,42 +82,38 @@ namespace xt
         {
             return m_linear_index == rhs.m_linear_index;
         }
+
         bool operator!=(const self_type& rhs) const
         {
             return !this->operator==(rhs);
         }
 
     private:
+
         shape_type m_begin;
         shape_type m_end;
         shape_type m_current;
         std::size_t m_linear_index{0};
     };
 
-
-    template<class S, class B, class E>
-    auto multiindex_iterator_begin(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
+    template <class S, class B, class E>
+    auto multiindex_iterator_begin(B&& roi_begin, E&& roi_end)
     {
         S current;
         resize_container(current, roi_begin.size());
         std::copy(roi_begin.begin(), roi_begin.end(), current.begin());
-        return xmultiindex_iterator<S>(
-            std::forward<B>(roi_begin),
-            std::forward<E>(roi_end),
-            std::move(current),
-            0
-        );
+        return xmultiindex_iterator<S>(std::forward<B>(roi_begin), std::forward<E>(roi_end), std::move(current), 0);
     }
 
-    template<class S, class B, class E>
-    auto multiindex_iterator_end(B && roi_begin, E && roi_end)
+    template <class S, class B, class E>
+    auto multiindex_iterator_end(B&& roi_begin, E&& roi_end)
     {
         S current;
         resize_container(current, roi_begin.size());
         std::copy(roi_end.begin(), roi_end.end(), current.begin());
 
         std::size_t linear_index = 1;
-        for(std::size_t i=0; i<roi_begin.size(); ++i)
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < roi_begin.size(); ++i)
         {
             linear_index *= roi_end[i] - roi_begin[i];
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
index 9d0bf0701..7f2d48614 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_NOALIAS_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_NOALIAS_HPP
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ namespace xt
     template <class A>
     class noalias_proxy
     {
-
     public:
 
         noalias_proxy(A a) noexcept;
@@ -222,8 +221,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class A>
-    inline noalias_proxy<xtl::closure_type_t<A>>
-    noalias(A&& a) noexcept
+    inline noalias_proxy<xtl::closure_type_t<A>> noalias(A&& a) noexcept
     {
         return noalias_proxy<xtl::closure_type_t<A>>(a);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
index 05201f646..02a777f50 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) Ullrich Koethe
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) Ullrich Koethe
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_NORM_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_NORM_HPP
@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ namespace xt
             using squared_norm_type = xtl::promote_type_t<T>;
         };
 
-        template <class T, bool integral = xtl::is_integral<T>::value,
-                  bool floating = std::is_floating_point<T>::value>
+        template <class T, bool integral = xtl::is_integral<T>::value, bool floating = std::is_floating_point<T>::value>
         struct norm_of_array_elements_impl;
 
         template <>
@@ -77,8 +76,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         struct norm_of_array_elements_impl<T, true, false>
         {
-            static_assert(!std::is_same<T, char>::value,
-                          "'char' is not a numeric type, use 'signed char' or 'unsigned char'.");
+            static_assert(
+                !std::is_same<T, char>::value,
+                "'char' is not a numeric type, use 'signed char' or 'unsigned char'."
+            );
 
             using norm_type = double;
             using squared_norm_type = uint64_t;
@@ -119,8 +120,10 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using T = std::decay_t<U>;
 
-            static_assert(!std::is_same<T, char>::value,
-                          "'char' is not a numeric type, use 'signed char' or 'unsigned char'.");
+            static_assert(
+                !std::is_same<T, char>::value,
+                "'char' is not a numeric type, use 'signed char' or 'unsigned char'."
+            );
 
             using norm_of_scalar = norm_of_scalar_impl<T>;
             using norm_of_vector = norm_of_vector_impl<T>;
@@ -151,10 +154,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using base_type = traits_detail::norm_type_base<T>;
 
-        using type =
-            typename std::conditional<base_type::norm_of_vector::value,
-                                      typename base_type::norm_of_vector::norm_type,
-                                      typename base_type::norm_of_scalar::norm_type>::type;
+        using type = typename std::conditional<
+            base_type::norm_of_vector::value,
+            typename base_type::norm_of_vector::norm_type,
+            typename base_type::norm_of_scalar::norm_type>::type;
     };
 
     /**
@@ -184,10 +187,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using base_type = traits_detail::norm_type_base<T>;
 
-        using type =
-            typename std::conditional<base_type::norm_of_vector::value,
-                                      typename base_type::norm_of_vector::squared_norm_type,
-                                      typename base_type::norm_of_scalar::squared_norm_type>::type;
+        using type = typename std::conditional<
+            base_type::norm_of_vector::value,
+            typename base_type::norm_of_vector::squared_norm_type,
+            typename base_type::norm_of_scalar::squared_norm_type>::type;
     };
 
     /**
@@ -201,29 +204,38 @@ namespace xt
      *************************************/
 
 ///@cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
-#define XTENSOR_DEFINE_SIGNED_NORMS(T)                            \
-    inline auto                                                   \
-    norm_lp(T t, double p) noexcept                               \
-    {                                                             \
-        using rt = decltype(std::abs(t));                         \
-        return p == 0.0                                           \
-            ? static_cast<rt>(t != 0)                             \
-            : std::abs(t);                                        \
-    }                                                             \
-    inline auto                                                   \
-    norm_lp_to_p(T t, double p) noexcept                          \
-    {                                                             \
-        using rt = xtl::real_promote_type_t<T>;                   \
-        return p == 0.0                                           \
-            ? static_cast<rt>(t != 0)                             \
-            : std::pow(static_cast<rt>(std::abs(t)),              \
-                       static_cast<rt>(p));                       \
-    }                                                             \
-    inline std::size_t norm_l0(T t) noexcept { return (t != 0); } \
-    inline auto norm_l1(T t) noexcept { return std::abs(t); }     \
-    inline auto norm_l2(T t) noexcept { return std::abs(t); }     \
-    inline auto norm_linf(T t) noexcept { return std::abs(t); }   \
-    inline auto norm_sq(T t) noexcept { return t * t; }
+#define XTENSOR_DEFINE_SIGNED_NORMS(T)                                                \
+    inline auto norm_lp(T t, double p) noexcept                                       \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        using rt = decltype(std::abs(t));                                             \
+        return p == 0.0 ? static_cast<rt>(t != 0) : std::abs(t);                      \
+    }                                                                                 \
+    inline auto norm_lp_to_p(T t, double p) noexcept                                  \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        using rt = xtl::real_promote_type_t<T>;                                       \
+        return p == 0.0 ? static_cast<rt>(t != 0)                                     \
+                        : std::pow(static_cast<rt>(std::abs(t)), static_cast<rt>(p)); \
+    }                                                                                 \
+    inline std::size_t norm_l0(T t) noexcept                                          \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        return (t != 0);                                                              \
+    }                                                                                 \
+    inline auto norm_l1(T t) noexcept                                                 \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        return std::abs(t);                                                           \
+    }                                                                                 \
+    inline auto norm_l2(T t) noexcept                                                 \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        return std::abs(t);                                                           \
+    }                                                                                 \
+    inline auto norm_linf(T t) noexcept                                               \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        return std::abs(t);                                                           \
+    }                                                                                 \
+    inline auto norm_sq(T t) noexcept                                                 \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        return t * t;                                                                 \
+    }
 
     XTENSOR_DEFINE_SIGNED_NORMS(signed char)
     XTENSOR_DEFINE_SIGNED_NORMS(short)
@@ -236,27 +248,36 @@ namespace xt
 
 #undef XTENSOR_DEFINE_SIGNED_NORMS
 
-#define XTENSOR_DEFINE_UNSIGNED_NORMS(T)                      \
-    inline T norm_lp(T t, double p) noexcept                  \
-    {                                                         \
-        return p == 0.0                                       \
-            ? (t != 0)                                        \
-            : t;                                              \
-    }                                                         \
-    inline auto                                               \
-    norm_lp_to_p(T t, double p) noexcept                      \
-    {                                                         \
-        using rt = xtl::real_promote_type_t<T>;               \
-        return p == 0.0                                       \
-            ? static_cast<rt>(t != 0)                         \
-            : std::pow(static_cast<rt>(t),                    \
-                       static_cast<rt>(p));                   \
-    }                                                         \
-    inline T norm_l0(T t) noexcept { return t != 0 ? 1 : 0; } \
-    inline T norm_l1(T t) noexcept { return t; }              \
-    inline T norm_l2(T t) noexcept { return t; }              \
-    inline T norm_linf(T t) noexcept { return t; }            \
-    inline auto norm_sq(T t) noexcept { return t * t; }
+#define XTENSOR_DEFINE_UNSIGNED_NORMS(T)                                                              \
+    inline T norm_lp(T t, double p) noexcept                                                          \
+    {                                                                                                 \
+        return p == 0.0 ? (t != 0) : t;                                                               \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+    inline auto norm_lp_to_p(T t, double p) noexcept                                                  \
+    {                                                                                                 \
+        using rt = xtl::real_promote_type_t<T>;                                                       \
+        return p == 0.0 ? static_cast<rt>(t != 0) : std::pow(static_cast<rt>(t), static_cast<rt>(p)); \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+    inline T norm_l0(T t) noexcept                                                                    \
+    {                                                                                                 \
+        return t != 0 ? 1 : 0;                                                                        \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+    inline T norm_l1(T t) noexcept                                                                    \
+    {                                                                                                 \
+        return t;                                                                                     \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+    inline T norm_l2(T t) noexcept                                                                    \
+    {                                                                                                 \
+        return t;                                                                                     \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+    inline T norm_linf(T t) noexcept                                                                  \
+    {                                                                                                 \
+        return t;                                                                                     \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+    inline auto norm_sq(T t) noexcept                                                                 \
+    {                                                                                                 \
+        return t * t;                                                                                 \
+    }
 
     XTENSOR_DEFINE_UNSIGNED_NORMS(unsigned char)
     XTENSOR_DEFINE_UNSIGNED_NORMS(unsigned short)
@@ -327,10 +348,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto norm_lp_to_p(const std::complex<T>& t, double p) noexcept
     {
         using rt = decltype(std::pow(std::abs(t.real()), static_cast<T>(p)));
-        return p == 0
-            ? static_cast<rt>(t.real() != 0 || t.imag() != 0)
-            : std::pow(std::abs(t.real()), static_cast<T>(p)) +
-                std::pow(std::abs(t.imag()), static_cast<T>(p));
+        return p == 0 ? static_cast<rt>(t.real() != 0 || t.imag() != 0)
+                      : std::pow(std::abs(t.real()), static_cast<T>(p))
+                            + std::pow(std::abs(t.imag()), static_cast<T>(p));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -339,22 +359,19 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline auto norm_lp(const std::complex<T>& t, double p) noexcept
     {
-        return p == 0
-            ? norm_lp_to_p(t, p)
-            : std::pow(norm_lp_to_p(t, p), 1.0 / p);
+        return p == 0 ? norm_lp_to_p(t, p) : std::pow(norm_lp_to_p(t, p), 1.0 / p);
     }
 
     /***********************************
      * norm functions for xexpressions *
      ***********************************/
 
-#define XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION_AXES(NAME)                                              \
-    template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS> \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I(&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS()) noexcept               \
-    {                                                                                 \
-        using axes_type = std::array<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, N>;         \
-        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e),                                               \
-                xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es);          \
+#define XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION_AXES(NAME)                                                             \
+    template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>                \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, const I(&axes)[N], EVS es = EVS()) noexcept                              \
+    {                                                                                                \
+        using axes_type = std::array<typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, N>;                        \
+        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<axes_type, decltype(axes)>(axes), es); \
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -377,36 +394,43 @@ namespace xt
 
 #define XTENSOR_EMPTY
 #define XTENSOR_COMMA ,
-#define XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(NAME, RESULT_TYPE, REDUCE_EXPR, REDUCE_OP, MERGE_FUNC) \
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,               \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>                    \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept                       \
-    {                                                                                \
-        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;                     \
-        using result_type = detail::norm_value_type_t<RESULT_TYPE>;                  \
-                                                                                     \
-        auto reduce_func = [](result_type const& r, value_type const& v) {           \
-            return REDUCE_EXPR(r REDUCE_OP NAME(v));                                 \
-        };                                                                           \
-                                                                                     \
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_func),              \
-                                                const_value<result_type>(0),                    \
-                                                MERGE_FUNC<result_type>()),          \
-                      std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es);                \
-    }                                                                                \
-                                                                                     \
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                        \
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>                                       \
-    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept                                 \
-    {                                                                                \
-        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), arange(e.dimension()), es);                  \
-    }                                                                                \
+#define XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(NAME, RESULT_TYPE, REDUCE_EXPR, REDUCE_OP, MERGE_FUNC)                                       \
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)> \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept                                                             \
+    {                                                                                                                      \
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;                                                           \
+        using result_type = detail::norm_value_type_t<RESULT_TYPE>;                                                        \
+                                                                                                                           \
+        auto reduce_func = [](result_type const& r, value_type const& v)                                                   \
+        {                                                                                                                  \
+            return REDUCE_EXPR(r REDUCE_OP NAME(v));                                                                       \
+        };                                                                                                                 \
+                                                                                                                           \
+        return xt::reduce(                                                                                                 \
+            make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_func), const_value<result_type>(0), MERGE_FUNC<result_type>()),         \
+            std::forward<E>(e),                                                                                            \
+            std::forward<X>(axes),                                                                                         \
+            es                                                                                                             \
+        );                                                                                                                 \
+    }                                                                                                                      \
+                                                                                                                           \
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>                             \
+    inline auto NAME(E&& e, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept                                                                       \
+    {                                                                                                                      \
+        return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), arange(e.dimension()), es);                                                        \
+    }                                                                                                                      \
     XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION_AXES(NAME)
 
     XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(norm_l0, unsigned long long, XTENSOR_EMPTY, +, std::plus)
     XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(norm_l1, xtl::big_promote_type_t<value_type>, XTENSOR_EMPTY, +, std::plus)
     XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(norm_sq, xtl::big_promote_type_t<value_type>, XTENSOR_EMPTY, +, std::plus)
-    XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(norm_linf, decltype(norm_linf(std::declval<value_type>())), (std::max<result_type>), XTENSOR_COMMA, math::maximum)
+    XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(
+        norm_linf,
+        decltype(norm_linf(std::declval<value_type>())),
+        (std::max<result_type>),
+        XTENSOR_COMMA,
+        math::maximum
+    )
 
 #undef XTENSOR_EMPTY
 #undef XTENSOR_COMMA
@@ -466,8 +490,7 @@ namespace xt
      *  For scalar types: implemented as <tt>abs(t)</tt><br>
      *  otherwise: implemented as <tt>sqrt(norm_sq(t))</tt>.
      */
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
     inline auto norm_l2(E&& e, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
     {
         using std::sqrt;
@@ -482,10 +505,14 @@ namespace xt
      * @param e an \ref xexpression
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
      * @param axes the axes along which the norm is computed
-     * @return an \ref xreducer (specifically: <tt>sqrt(norm_sq(e, axes))</tt>) (or xcontainer, depending on evaluation strategy)
+     * @return an \ref xreducer (specifically: <tt>sqrt(norm_sq(e, axes))</tt>) (or xcontainer, depending on
+     * evaluation strategy)
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>, xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>, xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto norm_l2(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
     {
         return sqrt(norm_sq(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
@@ -526,18 +553,22 @@ namespace xt
      * When no axes are provided, the norm is calculated over the entire array. In this case,
      * the reducer represents a scalar result, otherwise an array of appropriate dimension.
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto norm_lp_to_p(E&& e, double p, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
     {
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
         using result_type = norm_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>;
 
-        auto reduce_func = [p](result_type const& r, value_type const& v) {
+        auto reduce_func = [p](result_type const& r, value_type const& v)
+        {
             return r + norm_lp_to_p(v, p);
         };
-        return xt::reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_func), xt::const_value<result_type>(0), std::plus<result_type>()),
-                      std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
+        return xt::reduce(
+            make_xreducer_functor(std::move(reduce_func), xt::const_value<result_type>(0), std::plus<result_type>()),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::forward<X>(axes),
+            es
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
@@ -566,17 +597,14 @@ namespace xt
      * When no axes are provided, the norm is calculated over the entire array. In this case,
      * the reducer represents a scalar result, otherwise an array of appropriate dimension.
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto norm_lp(E&& e, double p, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(p != 0,
-                             "norm_lp(): p must be nonzero, use norm_l0() instead.");
+        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(p != 0, "norm_lp(): p must be nonzero, use norm_l0() instead.");
         return pow(norm_lp_to_p(std::forward<E>(e), p, std::forward<X>(axes), es), 1.0 / p);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
     inline auto norm_lp(E&& e, double p, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return norm_lp(std::forward<E>(e), p, arange(e.dimension()), es);
@@ -598,12 +626,13 @@ namespace xt
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
      * @return an \ref xreducer (or xcontainer, depending on evaluation strategy)
      */
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
     inline auto norm_induced_l1(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(e.dimension() == 2,
-                             "norm_induced_l1(): only applicable to matrices (e.dimension() must be 2).");
+        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(
+            e.dimension() == 2,
+            "norm_induced_l1(): only applicable to matrices (e.dimension() must be 2)."
+        );
         return norm_linf(norm_l1(std::forward<E>(e), {0}, es), es);
     }
 
@@ -611,17 +640,19 @@ namespace xt
      * @ingroup red_functions
      * @brief Induced L-infinity norm of a matrix.
      *
-     * Returns an \ref xreducer for the induced L-infinity norm (i.e. the maximum of the L1 norms of e's rows).
+     * Returns an \ref xreducer for the induced L-infinity norm (i.e. the maximum of the L1 norms of e's
+     * rows).
      * @param e a 2D \ref xexpression
      * @param es evaluation strategy to use (lazy (default), or immediate)
      * @return an \ref xreducer (or xcontainer, depending on evaluation strategy)
      */
-    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
+    template <class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>)>
     inline auto norm_induced_linf(E&& e, EVS es = EVS())
     {
-        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(e.dimension() == 2,
-                             "norm_induced_linf(): only applicable to matrices (e.dimension() must be 2).");
+        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(
+            e.dimension() == 2,
+            "norm_induced_linf(): only applicable to matrices (e.dimension() must be 2)."
+        );
         return norm_linf(norm_l1(std::forward<E>(e), {1}, es), es);
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index 11f0e961e..0f54f7051 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright Leon Merten Lohse
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright Leon Merten Lohse
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_NPY_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_NPY_HPP
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 // Derived from https://github.com/llohse/libnpy by Leon Merten Lohse,
 // relicensed from MIT License with permission
 
-#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xplatform.hpp>
-
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <complex>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -31,10 +28,14 @@
 #include <typeinfo>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <xtl/xplatform.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xeval.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
+
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
@@ -47,20 +48,15 @@ namespace xt
         const char magic_string[] = "\x93NUMPY";
         const std::size_t magic_string_length = sizeof(magic_string) - 1;
 
-
         template <class O>
-        inline void write_magic(O& ostream,
-                                unsigned char v_major = 1,
-                                unsigned char v_minor = 0)
+        inline void write_magic(O& ostream, unsigned char v_major = 1, unsigned char v_minor = 0)
         {
             ostream.write(magic_string, magic_string_length);
             ostream.put(char(v_major));
             ostream.put(char(v_minor));
         }
 
-        inline void read_magic(std::istream& istream,
-                               unsigned char* v_major,
-                               unsigned char* v_minor)
+        inline void read_magic(std::istream& istream, unsigned char* v_major, unsigned char* v_minor)
         {
             std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[magic_string_length + 2]);
             istream.read(buf.get(), magic_string_length + 2);
@@ -85,28 +81,46 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         inline char map_type()
         {
-            if (std::is_same<T, float>::value) return 'f';
-            if (std::is_same<T, double>::value) return 'f';
-            if (std::is_same<T, long double>::value) return 'f';
-
-            if (std::is_same<T, char>::value) return 'i';
-            if (std::is_same<T, signed char>::value) return 'i';
-            if (std::is_same<T, short>::value) return 'i';
-            if (std::is_same<T, int>::value) return 'i';
-            if (std::is_same<T, long>::value) return 'i';
-            if (std::is_same<T, long long>::value) return 'i';
-
-            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned char>::value) return 'u';
-            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned short>::value) return 'u';
-            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned int>::value) return 'u';
-            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned long>::value) return 'u';
-            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned long long>::value) return 'u';
-
-            if (std::is_same<T, bool>::value) return 'b';
-
-            if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<float>>::value) return 'c';
-            if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<double>>::value) return 'c';
-            if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<long double>>::value) return 'c';
+            if (std::is_same<T, float>::value)
+                return 'f';
+            if (std::is_same<T, double>::value)
+                return 'f';
+            if (std::is_same<T, long double>::value)
+                return 'f';
+
+            if (std::is_same<T, char>::value)
+                return 'i';
+            if (std::is_same<T, signed char>::value)
+                return 'i';
+            if (std::is_same<T, short>::value)
+                return 'i';
+            if (std::is_same<T, int>::value)
+                return 'i';
+            if (std::is_same<T, long>::value)
+                return 'i';
+            if (std::is_same<T, long long>::value)
+                return 'i';
+
+            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned char>::value)
+                return 'u';
+            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned short>::value)
+                return 'u';
+            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned int>::value)
+                return 'u';
+            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned long>::value)
+                return 'u';
+            if (std::is_same<T, unsigned long long>::value)
+                return 'u';
+
+            if (std::is_same<T, bool>::value)
+                return 'b';
+
+            if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<float>>::value)
+                return 'c';
+            if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<double>>::value)
+                return 'c';
+            if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<long double>>::value)
+                return 'c';
 
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Type not known.");
         }
@@ -118,19 +132,19 @@ namespace xt
             constexpr char big_endian_char = '>';
             constexpr char no_endian_char = '|';
 
-            if(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(char))
+            if (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(char))
             {
                 return no_endian_char;
             }
 
-            switch(xtl::endianness())
+            switch (xtl::endianness())
             {
-            case xtl::endian::little_endian:
-                return little_endian_char;
-            case xtl::endian::big_endian:
-                return big_endian_char;
-            default:
-                return no_endian_char;
+                case xtl::endian::little_endian:
+                    return little_endian_char;
+                case xtl::endian::big_endian:
+                    return big_endian_char;
+                default:
+                    return no_endian_char;
             }
         }
 
@@ -187,9 +201,8 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
-        inline void parse_header(std::string header, std::string& descr,
-                                 bool* fortran_order,
-                                 std::vector<std::size_t>& shape)
+        inline void
+        parse_header(std::string header, std::string& descr, bool* fortran_order, std::vector<std::size_t>& shape)
         {
             // The first 6 bytes are a magic string: exactly "x93NUMPY".
             //
@@ -349,8 +362,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class O, class S>
-        inline void write_header(O& out, const std::string& descr,
-                                 bool fortran_order, const S& shape)
+        inline void write_header(O& out, const std::string& descr, bool fortran_order, const S& shape)
         {
             std::ostringstream ss_header;
             std::string s_fortran_order;
@@ -381,8 +393,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
             s_shape += ")";
 
-            ss_header << "{'descr': '" << descr
-                      << "', 'fortran_order': " << s_fortran_order
+            ss_header << "{'descr': '" << descr << "', 'fortran_order': " << s_fortran_order
                       << ", 'shape': " << s_shape << ", }";
 
             std::size_t header_len_pre = ss_header.str().length() + 1;
@@ -456,8 +467,8 @@ namespace xt
             char header_len_le32[4];
             istream.read(header_len_le32, 4);
 
-            uint32_t header_length = uint32_t(header_len_le32[0] << 0) | uint32_t(header_len_le32[1] << 8) |
-                uint32_t(header_len_le32[2] << 16) | uint32_t(header_len_le32[3] << 24);
+            uint32_t header_length = uint32_t(header_len_le32[0] << 0) | uint32_t(header_len_le32[1] << 8)
+                                     | uint32_t(header_len_le32[2] << 16) | uint32_t(header_len_le32[3] << 24);
 
             if ((magic_string_length + 2 + 4 + header_length) % 16 != 0)
             {
@@ -475,9 +486,10 @@ namespace xt
         {
             npy_file() = default;
 
-            npy_file(std::vector<std::size_t>& shape, bool fortran_order,
-                     std::string typestring)
-                : m_shape(shape), m_fortran_order(fortran_order), m_typestring(typestring)
+            npy_file(std::vector<std::size_t>& shape, bool fortran_order, std::string typestring)
+                : m_shape(shape)
+                , m_fortran_order(fortran_order)
+                , m_typestring(typestring)
             {
                 // Allocate memory
                 m_word_size = std::size_t(atoi(&typestring[2]));
@@ -499,12 +511,12 @@ namespace xt
 
             // implement move constructor and assignment
             npy_file(npy_file&& rhs)
-                : m_shape(std::move(rhs.m_shape)),
-                  m_fortran_order(std::move(rhs.m_fortran_order)),
-                  m_word_size(std::move(rhs.m_word_size)),
-                  m_n_bytes(std::move(rhs.m_n_bytes)),
-                  m_typestring(std::move(rhs.m_typestring)),
-                  m_buffer(rhs.m_buffer)
+                : m_shape(std::move(rhs.m_shape))
+                , m_fortran_order(std::move(rhs.m_fortran_order))
+                , m_word_size(std::move(rhs.m_word_size))
+                , m_n_bytes(std::move(rhs.m_n_bytes))
+                , m_typestring(std::move(rhs.m_typestring))
+                , m_buffer(rhs.m_buffer)
             {
                 rhs.m_buffer = nullptr;
             }
@@ -538,20 +550,27 @@ namespace xt
                 // check if the typestring matches the given one
                 if (check_type && m_typestring != detail::build_typestring<T>())
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                                  "Cast error: formats not matching "s + m_typestring +
-                                  " vs "s + detail::build_typestring<T>());
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(
+                        std::runtime_error,
+                        "Cast error: formats not matching "s + m_typestring + " vs "s
+                            + detail::build_typestring<T>()
+                    );
                 }
 
-                if ((L == layout_type::column_major && !m_fortran_order) ||
-                    (L == layout_type::row_major && m_fortran_order))
+                if ((L == layout_type::column_major && !m_fortran_order)
+                    || (L == layout_type::row_major && m_fortran_order))
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cast error: layout mismatch between npy file and requested layout.");
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(
+                        std::runtime_error,
+                        "Cast error: layout mismatch between npy file and requested layout."
+                    );
                 }
 
-                compute_strides(m_shape,
-                                m_fortran_order ? layout_type::column_major : layout_type::row_major,
-                                strides);
+                compute_strides(
+                    m_shape,
+                    m_fortran_order ? layout_type::column_major : layout_type::row_major,
+                    strides
+                );
                 std::vector<std::size_t> shape(m_shape);
 
                 return std::make_tuple(ptr, sz, std::move(shape), std::move(strides));
@@ -562,24 +581,39 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto cast_elems = cast_impl<T, L>(check_type);
                 m_buffer = nullptr;
-                return adapt(std::move(std::get<0>(cast_elems)), std::get<1>(cast_elems),
-                             acquire_ownership(), std::get<2>(cast_elems), std::get<3>(cast_elems));
+                return adapt(
+                    std::move(std::get<0>(cast_elems)),
+                    std::get<1>(cast_elems),
+                    acquire_ownership(),
+                    std::get<2>(cast_elems),
+                    std::get<3>(cast_elems)
+                );
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type L = layout_type::dynamic>
-            auto cast(bool check_type = true) const &
+            auto cast(bool check_type = true) const&
             {
                 auto cast_elems = cast_impl<T, L>(check_type);
-                return adapt(std::get<0>(cast_elems), std::get<1>(cast_elems),
-                             no_ownership(), std::get<2>(cast_elems), std::get<3>(cast_elems));
+                return adapt(
+                    std::get<0>(cast_elems),
+                    std::get<1>(cast_elems),
+                    no_ownership(),
+                    std::get<2>(cast_elems),
+                    std::get<3>(cast_elems)
+                );
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type L = layout_type::dynamic>
             auto cast(bool check_type = true) &
             {
                 auto cast_elems = cast_impl<T, L>(check_type);
-                return adapt(std::get<0>(cast_elems), std::get<1>(cast_elems),
-                             no_ownership(), std::get<2>(cast_elems), std::get<3>(cast_elems));
+                return adapt(
+                    std::get<0>(cast_elems),
+                    std::get<1>(cast_elems),
+                    no_ownership(),
+                    std::get<2>(cast_elems),
+                    std::get<3>(cast_elems)
+                );
             }
 
             char* ptr()
@@ -652,12 +686,13 @@ namespace xt
             detail::write_header(stream, typestring, fortran_order, shape);
 
             std::size_t size = compute_size(shape);
-            stream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(eval_ex.data()),
-                         std::streamsize((sizeof(value_type) * size)));
+            stream.write(
+                reinterpret_cast<const char*>(eval_ex.data()),
+                std::streamsize((sizeof(value_type) * size))
+            );
         }
     }  // namespace detail
 
-
     /**
      * Save xexpression to NumPy npy format
      *
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
index db75f2c0c..9e620cf94 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_OFFSET_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_OFFSET_VIEW_HPP
@@ -38,8 +38,15 @@ namespace xt
                 return xtl::forward_offset<M, I>(std::forward<T>(t));
             }
 
-            template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, class E, class MF = M,
-                      class = std::enable_if_t<(std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF), int>>
+            template <
+                class align,
+                class requested_type,
+                std::size_t N,
+                class E,
+                class MF = M,
+                class = std::enable_if_t<
+                    (std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF),
+                    int>>
             auto proxy_simd_load(const E& expr, std::size_t n) const
             {
                 // TODO refactor using shuffle only
@@ -54,8 +61,14 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
 
-            template <class align, class simd, class E, class MF = M,
-                      class = std::enable_if_t<(std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF), int>>
+            template <
+                class align,
+                class simd,
+                class E,
+                class MF = M,
+                class = std::enable_if_t<
+                    (std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF),
+                    int>>
             auto proxy_simd_store(E& expr, std::size_t n, const simd& batch) const
             {
                 auto x = expr.template load_simd<align, double, simd::size>(n);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
index afe0d534b..44d639130 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_OPERATION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_OPERATION_HPP
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 #include "xfunction.hpp"
 #include "xscalar.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xstrides.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -28,57 +28,57 @@ namespace xt
      * helpers *
      ***********/
 
-#define UNARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(NAME, OP)                                        \
-    struct NAME                                                                 \
-    {                                                                           \
-        template <class A1>                                                     \
-        constexpr auto operator()(const A1& arg) const                          \
-        {                                                                       \
-            return OP arg;                                                      \
-        }                                                                       \
-        template <class B>                                                      \
-        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg) const                           \
-        {                                                                       \
-            return OP arg;                                                      \
-        }                                                                       \
-    }
-
-#define DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(OP)                                                       \
-template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
-constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)    \
-{                                                                                         \
-    using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, std::complex<T2>>; \
-    return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
-}                                                                                         \
-                                                                                          \
-template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
-constexpr auto operator OP(const T1& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)                  \
-{                                                                                         \
-    using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<T1, std::complex<T2>>;               \
-    return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
-}                                                                                         \
-                                                                                          \
-template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
-constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)                  \
-{                                                                                         \
-    using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, T2>;               \
-    return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
-}
-
-#define BINARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(NAME, OP)                                        \
-    struct NAME                                                                  \
-    {                                                                            \
-        template <class T1, class T2>                                            \
-        constexpr auto operator()(T1&& arg1, T2&& arg2) const                    \
-        {                                                                        \
-            using xt::detail::operator OP;                                       \
-            return (std::forward<T1>(arg1) OP std::forward<T2>(arg2));           \
-        }                                                                        \
-        template <class B>                                                       \
-        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg1, const B& arg2) const            \
-        {                                                                        \
-            return (arg1 OP arg2);                                               \
-        }                                                                        \
+#define UNARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(NAME, OP)               \
+    struct NAME                                        \
+    {                                                  \
+        template <class A1>                            \
+        constexpr auto operator()(const A1& arg) const \
+        {                                              \
+            return OP arg;                             \
+        }                                              \
+        template <class B>                             \
+        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg) const  \
+        {                                              \
+            return OP arg;                             \
+        }                                              \
+    }
+
+#define DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(OP)                                                           \
+    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+    constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)    \
+    {                                                                                         \
+        using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, std::complex<T2>>; \
+        return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
+    }                                                                                         \
+                                                                                              \
+    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+    constexpr auto operator OP(const T1& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)                  \
+    {                                                                                         \
+        using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<T1, std::complex<T2>>;               \
+        return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
+    }                                                                                         \
+                                                                                              \
+    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+    constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)                  \
+    {                                                                                         \
+        using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, T2>;               \
+        return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
+    }
+
+#define BINARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR(NAME, OP)                              \
+    struct NAME                                                        \
+    {                                                                  \
+        template <class T1, class T2>                                  \
+        constexpr auto operator()(T1&& arg1, T2&& arg2) const          \
+        {                                                              \
+            using xt::detail::operator OP;                             \
+            return (std::forward<T1>(arg1) OP std::forward<T2>(arg2)); \
+        }                                                              \
+        template <class B>                                             \
+        constexpr auto simd_apply(const B& arg1, const B& arg2) const  \
+        {                                                              \
+            return (arg1 OP arg2);                                     \
+        }                                                              \
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -137,9 +137,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
             }
 
             template <class B>
-            constexpr B simd_apply(const get_batch_bool<B>& t1,
-                                   const B& t2,
-                                   const B& t3) const noexcept
+            constexpr B simd_apply(const get_batch_bool<B>& t1, const B& t2, const B& t3) const noexcept
             {
                 return xt_simd::select(t1, t2, t3);
             }
@@ -157,6 +155,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
                 {
                     return static_cast<R>(arg);
                 }
+
                 // SIMD conversion disabled for now since it does not make sense
                 // in most of the cases
                 /*constexpr simd_result_type simd_apply(const simd_value_type& arg) const
@@ -189,9 +188,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
         {
             using expression_tag = xexpression_tag_t<E...>;
             using functor_type = F;
-            using type = select_xfunction_expression_t<expression_tag,
-                                                       functor_type,
-                                                       const_xclosure_t<E>...>;
+            using type = select_xfunction_expression_t<expression_tag, functor_type, const_xclosure_t<E>...>;
         };
 
         template <class F, class... E>
@@ -205,11 +202,11 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
 
         // On MSVC, the second argument of enable_if_t is always evaluated, even if the condition is false.
         // Wrapping the xfunction type in the xfunction_type metafunction avoids this evaluation when
-        // the condition is false, since it leads to a tricky bug preventing from using operator+ and operator-
-        // on vector and arrays iterators.
+        // the condition is false, since it leads to a tricky bug preventing from using operator+ and
+        // operator- on vector and arrays iterators.
         template <class F, class... E>
-        using xfunction_type_t = typename std::enable_if_t<has_xexpression<std::decay_t<E>...>::value,
-                                                           xfunction_type<F, E...>>::type;
+        using xfunction_type_t = typename std::
+            enable_if_t<has_xexpression<std::decay_t<E>...>::value, xfunction_type<F, E...>>::type;
     }
 
 #undef UNARY_OPERATOR_FUNCTOR
@@ -233,8 +230,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto operator+(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::identity, E>
+    inline auto operator+(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::identity, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::identity>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -249,8 +245,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto operator-(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::negate, E>
+    inline auto operator-(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::negate, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::negate>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -266,8 +261,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator+(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::plus, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator+(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::plus, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::plus>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -283,8 +277,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator-(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::minus, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator-(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::minus, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::minus>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -300,8 +293,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator*(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::multiplies, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator*(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::multiplies, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::multiplies>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -317,8 +309,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator/(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::divides, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator/(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::divides, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::divides>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -334,8 +325,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator%(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::modulus, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator%(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::modulus, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::modulus>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -355,8 +345,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator||(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_or, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator||(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_or, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::logical_or>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -372,8 +361,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator&&(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_and, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator&&(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_and, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::logical_and>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -388,8 +376,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto operator!(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_not, E>
+    inline auto operator!(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::logical_not, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::logical_not>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -409,8 +396,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator&(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_and, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator&(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_and, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::bitwise_and>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -426,8 +412,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator|(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_or, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator|(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_or, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::bitwise_or>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -443,8 +428,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator^(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_xor, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator^(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_xor, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::bitwise_xor>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -459,8 +443,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto operator~(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_not, E>
+    inline auto operator~(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::bitwise_not, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::bitwise_not>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
@@ -476,8 +459,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto left_shift(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::left_shift, E1, E2>
+    inline auto left_shift(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::left_shift, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::left_shift>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -493,8 +475,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto right_shift(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::right_shift, E1, E2>
+    inline auto right_shift(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::right_shift, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::right_shift>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -524,8 +505,9 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
         using eval_enable_if_t = typename eval_enable_if<B, T>::type;
 
         template <class F, class E1, class E2>
-        using shift_return_type_t = eval_enable_if_t<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<E1>>::value,
-                                                     shift_function_getter<F, E1, E2>>;
+        using shift_return_type_t = eval_enable_if_t<
+            is_xexpression<std::decay_t<E1>>::value,
+            shift_function_getter<F, E1, E2>>;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -558,8 +540,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @sa right_shift
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator>>(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-        -> detail::shift_return_type_t<detail::right_shift, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator>>(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) -> detail::shift_return_type_t<detail::right_shift, E1, E2>
     {
         return right_shift(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -579,8 +560,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator<(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::less, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator<(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::less, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::less>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -596,8 +576,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator<=(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::less_equal, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator<=(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::less_equal, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::less_equal>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -613,8 +592,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto operator>(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::greater, E1, E2>
+    inline auto operator>(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::greater, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::greater>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -653,7 +631,8 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     {
         const E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
-        bool res = de1.dimension() == de2.dimension() && std::equal(de1.shape().begin(), de1.shape().end(), de2.shape().begin());
+        bool res = de1.dimension() == de2.dimension()
+                   && std::equal(de1.shape().begin(), de1.shape().end(), de2.shape().begin());
         auto iter1 = de1.begin();
         auto iter2 = de2.begin();
         auto iter_end = de1.end();
@@ -692,8 +671,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::equal_to, E1, E2>
+    inline auto equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::equal_to, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::equal_to>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -709,8 +687,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto not_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::not_equal_to, E1, E2>
+    inline auto not_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::not_equal_to, E1, E2>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<detail::not_equal_to>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2));
     }
@@ -727,8 +704,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto less(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> decltype(std::forward<E1>(e1) < std::forward<E2>(e2))
+    inline auto less(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> decltype(std::forward<E1>(e1) < std::forward<E2>(e2))
     {
         return std::forward<E1>(e1) < std::forward<E2>(e2);
     }
@@ -745,8 +721,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto less_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> decltype(std::forward<E1>(e1) <= std::forward<E2>(e2))
+    inline auto less_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> decltype(std::forward<E1>(e1) <= std::forward<E2>(e2))
     {
         return std::forward<E1>(e1) <= std::forward<E2>(e2);
     }
@@ -763,8 +738,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      * @return an \ref xfunction
      */
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline auto greater(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept
-        -> decltype(std::forward<E1>(e1) > std::forward<E2>(e2))
+    inline auto greater(E1&& e1, E2&& e2) noexcept -> decltype(std::forward<E1>(e1) > std::forward<E2>(e2))
     {
         return std::forward<E1>(e1) > std::forward<E2>(e2);
     }
@@ -803,7 +777,11 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     inline auto where(E1&& e1, E2&& e2, E3&& e3) noexcept
         -> detail::xfunction_type_t<detail::conditional_ternary, E1, E2, E3>
     {
-        return detail::make_xfunction<detail::conditional_ternary>(std::forward<E1>(e1), std::forward<E2>(e2), std::forward<E3>(e3));
+        return detail::make_xfunction<detail::conditional_ternary>(
+            std::forward<E1>(e1),
+            std::forward<E2>(e2),
+            std::forward<E3>(e3)
+        );
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -841,9 +819,9 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
             template <class S, class I>
             inline auto operator()(const S& shape, I& idx)
             {
-                for(std::size_t i = 0; i < shape.size(); ++i)
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < shape.size(); ++i)
                 {
-                    if(idx[i] >= shape[i] - 1)
+                    if (idx[i] >= shape[i] - 1)
                     {
                         idx[i] = 0;
                     }
@@ -959,7 +937,14 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     {
         using xtype = std::decay_t<E>;
         using value_type = typename xtype::value_type;
-        return std::any_of(e.cbegin(), e.cend(), [](const value_type& el) { return el; });
+        return std::any_of(
+            e.cbegin(),
+            e.cend(),
+            [](const value_type& el)
+            {
+                return el;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -976,7 +961,14 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
     {
         using xtype = std::decay_t<E>;
         using value_type = typename xtype::value_type;
-        return std::all_of(e.cbegin(), e.cend(), [](const value_type& el) { return el; });
+        return std::all_of(
+            e.cbegin(),
+            e.cend(),
+            [](const value_type& el)
+            {
+                return el;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -995,8 +987,7 @@ constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)
      */
 
     template <class R, class E>
-    inline auto cast(E&& e) noexcept
-        -> detail::xfunction_type_t<typename detail::cast<R>::functor, E>
+    inline auto cast(E&& e) noexcept -> detail::xfunction_type_t<typename detail::cast<R>::functor, E>
     {
         return detail::make_xfunction<typename detail::cast<R>::functor>(std::forward<E>(e));
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
index 0afa047f6..d2ff8b67e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_OPTIONAL_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_OPTIONAL_HPP
@@ -117,12 +117,12 @@ namespace xt
             static constexpr bool is_const = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value;
             using decay_type = std::decay_t<T>;
 
-            using value_expression = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                        typename decay_type::const_value_expression,
-                                                        typename decay_type::value_expression>;
-            using flag_expression = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                       typename decay_type::const_flag_expression,
-                                                       typename decay_type::flag_expression>;
+            using value_expression = std::conditional_t<
+                is_const,
+                typename decay_type::const_value_expression,
+                typename decay_type::value_expression>;
+            using flag_expression = std::
+                conditional_t<is_const, typename decay_type::const_flag_expression, typename decay_type::flag_expression>;
 
             template <class U>
             static inline value_expression value(U&& arg)
@@ -202,7 +202,6 @@ namespace xt
                 return t & apply_impl(args...);
             }
 
-
             template <class B>
             constexpr B simd_apply_impl(const B& b) const
             {
@@ -242,7 +241,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class B>
         struct xreducer_temporary_type<xtl::xoptional<T, B>>
         {
-            using type = xtl::xoptional<std::decay_t<T>, bool>;;
+            using type = xtl::xoptional<std::decay_t<T>, bool>;
+            ;
         };
     }
 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace extension
     {
-       template <class CT>
+        template <class CT>
         struct xscalar_optional_traits
         {
             using closure_type = CT;
@@ -288,18 +288,12 @@ namespace xt
             using const_raw_value_closure = std::add_const_t<raw_value_closure>;
             using const_raw_flag_closure = std::add_const_t<raw_flag_closure>;
 
-            using value_closure = std::conditional_t<is_ref,
-                                                     std::add_lvalue_reference_t<raw_value_closure>,
-                                                     raw_value_closure>;
-            using flag_closure = std::conditional_t<is_ref,
-                                                    std::add_lvalue_reference_t<raw_flag_closure>,
-                                                    raw_flag_closure>;
-            using const_value_closure = std::conditional_t<is_ref,
-                                                           std::add_lvalue_reference_t<const_raw_value_closure>,
-                                                           raw_value_closure>;
-            using const_flag_closure = std::conditional_t<is_ref,
-                                                          std::add_lvalue_reference_t<const_raw_flag_closure>,
-                                                          raw_flag_closure>;
+            using value_closure = std::conditional_t<is_ref, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<raw_value_closure>, raw_value_closure>;
+            using flag_closure = std::conditional_t<is_ref, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<raw_flag_closure>, raw_flag_closure>;
+            using const_value_closure = std::
+                conditional_t<is_ref, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<const_raw_value_closure>, raw_value_closure>;
+            using const_flag_closure = std::
+                conditional_t<is_ref, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<const_raw_flag_closure>, raw_flag_closure>;
 
             using value_expression = xscalar<std::conditional_t<is_const, const_value_closure, value_closure>>;
             using flag_expression = xscalar<std::conditional_t<is_const, const_flag_closure, flag_closure>>;
@@ -717,6 +711,7 @@ namespace xt
             using type = xrepeat_optional<CT, X>;
         };
     }
+
     /****************************************************
      * xstrided_view extension for optional expressions *
      ****************************************************/
@@ -982,18 +977,26 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class F, class... CT>
         template <std::size_t... I>
-        inline auto xfunction_optional_base<F, CT...>::value_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const -> const_value_expression
+        inline auto xfunction_optional_base<F, CT...>::value_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const
+            -> const_value_expression
         {
-            return value_expression(value_functor(),
-                xt::detail::split_optional_expression<CT>::value(std::get<I>(this->derived_cast().arguments()))...);
+            return value_expression(
+                value_functor(),
+                xt::detail::split_optional_expression<CT>::value(std::get<I>(this->derived_cast().arguments()))...
+            );
         }
 
         template <class F, class... CT>
         template <std::size_t... I>
-        inline auto xfunction_optional_base<F, CT...>::has_value_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const -> const_flag_expression
-        {
-            return flag_expression(flag_functor(),
-                xt::detail::split_optional_expression<CT>::has_value(std::get<I>(this->derived_cast().arguments()))...);
+        inline auto xfunction_optional_base<F, CT...>::has_value_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const
+            -> const_flag_expression
+        {
+            return flag_expression(
+                flag_functor(),
+                xt::detail::split_optional_expression<CT>::has_value(
+                    std::get<I>(this->derived_cast().arguments())
+                )...
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -1119,23 +1122,31 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto xreducer_optional<F, CT, X, O>::value() const -> const_value_expression
         {
             auto func = this->derived_cast().functors();
-            auto opts = this->derived_cast().options().template rebind<rebound_result_type>(this->derived_cast().options().initial_value.value(),
-                                                                                            this->derived_cast().options());
-
-            return this->derived_cast().build_reducer(this->derived_cast().expression().value(),
-                                                      func.template rebind<rebound_result_type>(),
-                                                      std::move(opts));
+            auto opts = this->derived_cast().options().template rebind<rebound_result_type>(
+                this->derived_cast().options().initial_value.value(),
+                this->derived_cast().options()
+            );
+
+            return this->derived_cast().build_reducer(
+                this->derived_cast().expression().value(),
+                func.template rebind<rebound_result_type>(),
+                std::move(opts)
+            );
         }
 
         template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
         inline auto xreducer_optional<F, CT, X, O>::has_value() const -> const_flag_expression
         {
-            auto opts = this->derived_cast().options().rebind(this->derived_cast().options().initial_value.has_value(),
-                                                              this->derived_cast().options());
+            auto opts = this->derived_cast().options().rebind(
+                this->derived_cast().options().initial_value.has_value(),
+                this->derived_cast().options()
+            );
 
-            return this->derived_cast().build_reducer(this->derived_cast().expression().has_value(),
-                                                        make_xreducer_functor(xt::detail::optional_bitwise<bool>(),
-                                                                              xt::const_value<bool>(true)), std::move(opts));
+            return this->derived_cast().build_reducer(
+                this->derived_cast().expression().has_value(),
+                make_xreducer_functor(xt::detail::optional_bitwise<bool>(), xt::const_value<bool>(true)),
+                std::move(opts)
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -1211,14 +1222,16 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto xgenerator_optional<F, R, S>::value() const -> const_value_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().template build_generator<value_closure>(
-                    detail::value_functor<F>::get(this->derived_cast().functor()));
+                detail::value_functor<F>::get(this->derived_cast().functor())
+            );
         }
 
         template <class F, class R, class S>
         inline auto xgenerator_optional<F, R, S>::has_value() const -> const_flag_expression
         {
             return this->derived_cast().template build_generator<flag_closure>(
-                    detail::flag_functor<F>::get(this->derived_cast().functor()));
+                detail::flag_functor<F>::get(this->derived_cast().functor())
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -1233,7 +1246,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             static constexpr auto run(const xtl::xoptional<T, B>& x)
             {
-                return sign(x); // use overload declared above
+                return sign(x);  // use overload declared above
             }
         };
     }
@@ -1328,7 +1341,11 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xoptional_expression_tag>::assign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xoptional_expression_tag>::assign_data(
+        xexpression<E1>& e1,
+        const xexpression<E2>& e2,
+        bool trivial
+    )
     {
         detail::assign_data_impl<typename E1::expression_tag, typename E2::expression_tag>::run(e1, e2, trivial);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
index 0d9401158..79ab8115f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_HPP
 #define XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_HPP
@@ -85,7 +85,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         xoptional_assembly();
         explicit xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l = base_type::static_layout);
-        explicit xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, const value_type& value, layout_type l = base_type::static_layout);
+        explicit xoptional_assembly(
+            const shape_type& shape,
+            const value_type& value,
+            layout_type l = base_type::static_layout
+        );
         explicit xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides);
         explicit xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides, const value_type& value);
 
@@ -148,13 +152,15 @@ namespace xt
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xoptional_assembly_adaptor<VEC, FEC>>
     {
         using raw_value_expression = std::remove_reference_t<VEC>;
-        using value_storage_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<raw_value_expression>::value,
-                                                      const typename raw_value_expression::storage_type&,
-                                                      typename raw_value_expression::storage_type&>;
+        using value_storage_type = std::conditional_t<
+            std::is_const<raw_value_expression>::value,
+            const typename raw_value_expression::storage_type&,
+            typename raw_value_expression::storage_type&>;
         using raw_flag_expression = std::remove_reference_t<FEC>;
-        using flag_storage_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<raw_flag_expression>::value,
-                                                     const typename raw_flag_expression::storage_type&,
-                                                     typename raw_flag_expression::storage_type&>;
+        using flag_storage_type = std::conditional_t<
+            std::is_const<raw_flag_expression>::value,
+            const typename raw_flag_expression::storage_type&,
+            typename raw_flag_expression::storage_type&>;
         using storage_type = xoptional_assembly_storage<value_storage_type, flag_storage_type>;
         using temporary_type = xoptional_assembly<raw_value_expression, raw_flag_expression>;
     };
@@ -271,7 +277,9 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly()
-        : m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value()
+        , m_has_value()
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -283,7 +291,9 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l)
-        : m_value(shape, l), m_has_value(shape, l), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value(shape, l)
+        , m_has_value(shape, l)
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -295,8 +305,14 @@ namespace xt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xoptional_assembly
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, const value_type& value, layout_type l)
-        : m_value(shape, value.value(), l), m_has_value(shape, value.has_value(), l), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+    inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const value_type& value,
+        layout_type l
+    )
+        : m_value(shape, value.value(), l)
+        , m_has_value(shape, value.has_value(), l)
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -307,7 +323,9 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides)
-        : m_value(shape, strides), m_has_value(shape, strides), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value(shape, strides)
+        , m_has_value(shape, strides)
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -319,8 +337,14 @@ namespace xt
      * @param value the value of the elements
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides, const value_type& value)
-        : m_value(shape, strides, value.value()), m_has_value(shape, strides, value.has_value()), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+    inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const strides_type& strides,
+        const value_type& value
+    )
+        : m_value(shape, strides, value.value())
+        , m_has_value(shape, strides, value.has_value())
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -331,7 +355,9 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const value_type& value)
-        : m_value(value.value()), m_has_value(value.has_value()), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value(value.value())
+        , m_has_value(value.has_value())
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -342,7 +368,9 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const VE& ve)
-        : m_value(ve), m_has_value(ve.shape(), true, ve.layout()), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value(ve)
+        , m_has_value(ve.shape(), true, ve.layout())
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -355,7 +383,9 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(VE&& ve)
-        : m_value(std::move(ve)), m_has_value(ve.shape(), true, ve.layout()), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value(std::move(ve))
+        , m_has_value(ve.shape(), true, ve.layout())
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -368,9 +398,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class VE, class FE>
     template <class OVE, class OFE, typename>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(OVE&& ove, OFE&& ofe)
-        : m_value(std::forward<OVE>(ove)), m_has_value(std::forward<OFE>(ofe)), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value(std::forward<OVE>(ove))
+        , m_has_value(std::forward<OFE>(ofe))
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -383,10 +416,14 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 1> t)
-        : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_value()
+        , m_has_value()
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
+        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major
+                         && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
         condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
@@ -397,10 +434,14 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 2> t)
-        : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_value()
+        , m_has_value()
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
+        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major
+                         && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
         condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
@@ -411,10 +452,14 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 3> t)
-        : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_value()
+        , m_has_value()
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
+        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major
+                         && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
         condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
@@ -425,10 +470,14 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 4> t)
-        : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_value()
+        , m_has_value()
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
+        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major
+                         && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
         condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
@@ -439,13 +488,18 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, 5> t)
-        : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_value()
+        , m_has_value()
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
         base_type::resize(xt::shape<shape_type>(t));
-        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
+        bool condition = VE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major
+                         && FE::static_layout == layout_type::row_major;
         condition ? detail::nested_optional_copy(this->linear_begin(), t)
                   : nested_copy(this->template begin<layout_type::row_major>(), t);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -462,13 +516,21 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const self_type& rhs)
-        : base_type(), semantic_base(), m_value(rhs.m_value), m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , semantic_base()
+        , m_value(rhs.m_value)
+        , m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value)
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(self_type&& rhs)
-        : base_type(), semantic_base(), m_value(rhs.m_value), m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , semantic_base()
+        , m_value(rhs.m_value)
+        , m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value)
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -500,7 +562,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class VE, class FE>
     template <class E>
     inline xoptional_assembly<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly(const xexpression<E>& e)
-        : base_type(), m_value(), m_has_value(), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_value()
+        , m_has_value()
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
         semantic_base::assign(e);
     }
@@ -514,6 +579,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
@@ -569,14 +635,21 @@ namespace xt
     template <class VEC, class FEC>
     template <class OVE, class OFE>
     inline xoptional_assembly_adaptor<VEC, FEC>::xoptional_assembly_adaptor(OVE&& ve, OFE&& fe)
-        : m_value(std::forward<OVE>(ve)), m_has_value(std::forward<OFE>(fe)), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : m_value(std::forward<OVE>(ve))
+        , m_has_value(std::forward<OFE>(fe))
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class VEC, class FEC>
     inline xoptional_assembly_adaptor<VEC, FEC>::xoptional_assembly_adaptor(const self_type& rhs)
-        : base_type(), semantic_base(), m_value(rhs.m_value), m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , semantic_base()
+        , m_value(rhs.m_value)
+        , m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value)
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -591,7 +664,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class VEC, class FEC>
     inline xoptional_assembly_adaptor<VEC, FEC>::xoptional_assembly_adaptor(self_type&& rhs)
-        : base_type(), semantic_base(), m_value(rhs.m_value), m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value), m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
+        : base_type()
+        , semantic_base()
+        , m_value(rhs.m_value)
+        , m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value)
+        , m_storage(m_value.storage(), m_has_value.storage())
     {
     }
 
@@ -625,6 +702,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class VEC, class FEC>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 1b736bb06..f4a5f446e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_BASE_HPP
 #define XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_BASE_HPP
 
 #include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ namespace xt
         void resize(const S& shape, const strides_type& strides);
 
         template <class S = shape_type>
-        auto & reshape(const S& shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
+        auto& reshape(const S& shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
 
         template <class T>
-        auto & reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
+        auto& reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout = static_layout) &;
 
         layout_type layout() const noexcept;
         bool is_contiguous() const noexcept;
@@ -208,13 +208,13 @@ namespace xt
         bool has_linear_assign(const S& strides) const noexcept;
 
         using iterable_base::begin;
-        using iterable_base::end;
         using iterable_base::cbegin;
         using iterable_base::cend;
-        using iterable_base::rbegin;
-        using iterable_base::rend;
         using iterable_base::crbegin;
         using iterable_base::crend;
+        using iterable_base::end;
+        using iterable_base::rbegin;
+        using iterable_base::rend;
 
         linear_iterator linear_begin() noexcept;
         linear_iterator linear_end() noexcept;
@@ -280,22 +280,17 @@ namespace xt
         using self_type = xoptional_assembly_stepper<D, is_const>;
         using assembly_type = typename D::assembly_type;
         using value_type = typename assembly_type::value_type;
-        using reference = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                             typename assembly_type::const_reference,
-                                             typename assembly_type::reference>;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename assembly_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename assembly_type::pointer>;
+        using reference = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename assembly_type::const_reference, typename assembly_type::reference>;
+        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const, typename assembly_type::const_pointer, typename assembly_type::pointer>;
         using size_type = typename assembly_type::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename assembly_type::difference_type;
         using raw_value_expression = typename assembly_type::raw_value_expression;
         using raw_flag_expression = typename assembly_type::raw_flag_expression;
-        using value_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                 typename raw_value_expression::const_stepper,
-                                                 typename raw_value_expression::stepper>;
-        using flag_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                typename raw_flag_expression::const_stepper,
-                                                typename raw_flag_expression::stepper>;
+        using value_stepper = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename raw_value_expression::const_stepper, typename raw_value_expression::stepper>;
+        using flag_stepper = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename raw_flag_expression::const_stepper, typename raw_flag_expression::stepper>;
 
         xoptional_assembly_stepper(value_stepper vs, flag_stepper fs) noexcept;
 
@@ -379,6 +374,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return value().backstrides();
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -427,7 +423,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto & xoptional_assembly_base<D>::reshape(const S& shape, layout_type layout) &
+    inline auto& xoptional_assembly_base<D>::reshape(const S& shape, layout_type layout) &
     {
         value().reshape(shape, layout);
         has_value().reshape(shape, layout);
@@ -436,7 +432,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto & xoptional_assembly_base<D>::reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout) &
+    inline auto& xoptional_assembly_base<D>::reshape(std::initializer_list<T> shape, layout_type layout) &
     {
         value().reshape(shape, layout);
         has_value().reshape(shape, layout);
@@ -592,16 +588,14 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::operator[](const S& index)
-        -> disable_integral_t<S, reference>
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::operator[](const S& index) -> disable_integral_t<S, reference>
     {
         return reference(value()[index], has_value()[index]);
     }
 
     template <class D>
     template <class I>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::operator[](std::initializer_list<I> index)
-        -> reference
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::operator[](std::initializer_list<I> index) -> reference
     {
         return reference(value()[index], has_value()[index]);
     }
@@ -628,8 +622,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <class I>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::operator[](std::initializer_list<I> index) const
-        -> const_reference
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::operator[](std::initializer_list<I> index) const -> const_reference
     {
         return const_reference(value()[index], has_value()[index]);
     }
@@ -765,6 +758,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return value().in_bounds(args...) && has_value().in_bounds(args...);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
@@ -826,20 +820,19 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return value().has_linear_assign(strides) && has_value().has_linear_assign(strides);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_begin() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return linear_iterator(value().linear_begin(),
-                                has_value().linear_begin());
+        return linear_iterator(value().linear_begin(), has_value().linear_begin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_end() noexcept -> linear_iterator
     {
-        return linear_iterator(value().linear_end(),
-                                has_value().linear_end());
+        return linear_iterator(value().linear_end(), has_value().linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class D>
@@ -857,15 +850,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_cbegin() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(value().linear_cbegin(),
-                                      has_value().linear_cbegin());
+        return const_linear_iterator(value().linear_cbegin(), has_value().linear_cbegin());
     }
 
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::linear_cend() const noexcept -> const_linear_iterator
     {
-        return const_linear_iterator(value().linear_cend(),
-                                      has_value().linear_cend());
+        return const_linear_iterator(value().linear_cend(), has_value().linear_cend());
     }
 
     template <class D>
@@ -927,7 +918,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept
+        -> const_stepper
     {
         return const_stepper(value().stepper_end(shape, l), has_value().stepper_end(shape, l));
     }
@@ -986,7 +978,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D, bool C>
     inline xoptional_assembly_stepper<D, C>::xoptional_assembly_stepper(value_stepper vs, flag_stepper fs) noexcept
-        : m_vs(vs), m_fs(fs)
+        : m_vs(vs)
+        , m_fs(fs)
     {
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
index 0e71d73c7..b1a5bbdc4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_STORAGE_HPP
 #define XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_STORAGE_HPP
 
-#include "xtl/xiterator_base.hpp"
-
 #include "xoptional.hpp"
 #include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xiterator_base.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -38,12 +37,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         static constexpr bool is_val_const = std::is_const<value_storage>::value;
         static constexpr bool is_flag_const = std::is_const<flag_storage>::value;
-        using val_reference = std::conditional_t<is_val_const,
-                                                 typename value_storage::const_reference,
-                                                 typename value_storage::reference>;
-        using flag_reference = std::conditional_t<is_flag_const,
-                                                  typename flag_storage::const_reference,
-                                                  typename flag_storage::reference>;
+        using val_reference = std::
+            conditional_t<is_val_const, typename value_storage::const_reference, typename value_storage::reference>;
+        using flag_reference = std::
+            conditional_t<is_flag_const, typename flag_storage::const_reference, typename flag_storage::reference>;
         using reference = xtl::xoptional<val_reference, flag_reference>;
         using const_reference = xtl::xoptional<typename value_storage::const_reference, typename flag_storage::const_reference>;
 
@@ -118,22 +115,28 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator==(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
+    bool
+    operator==(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator!=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
+    bool
+    operator!=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator<(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
+    bool
+    operator<(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator<=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
+    bool
+    operator<=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator>(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
+    bool
+    operator>(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator>=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
+    bool
+    operator>=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs);
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
     void swap(xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs) noexcept;
@@ -151,13 +154,15 @@ namespace xt
         using iterator_type = xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, is_const>;
         using xoptional_assembly_storage_type = xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>;
         using value_type = typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::value_type;
-        using reference = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                             typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::const_reference,
-                                             typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::reference>;
+        using reference = std::conditional_t<
+            is_const,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::const_reference,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::reference>;
         using difference_type = typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::difference_type;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::pointer>;
+        using pointer = std::conditional_t<
+            is_const,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::const_pointer,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::pointer>;
     };
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool is_const>
@@ -167,15 +172,18 @@ namespace xt
     public:
 
         using self_type = xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, is_const>;
-        using base_type = xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base2<xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator_traits<VE, FE, is_const>>;
+        using base_type = xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base2<
+            xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator_traits<VE, FE, is_const>>;
 
         using xoptional_assembly_storage_type = xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>;
-        using value_iterator = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                  typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::value_storage::const_iterator,
-                                                  typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::value_storage::iterator>;
-        using flag_iterator = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                 typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::flag_storage::const_iterator,
-                                                 typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::flag_storage::iterator>;
+        using value_iterator = std::conditional_t<
+            is_const,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::value_storage::const_iterator,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::value_storage::iterator>;
+        using flag_iterator = std::conditional_t<
+            is_const,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::flag_storage::const_iterator,
+            typename xoptional_assembly_storage_type::flag_storage::iterator>;
 
         using value_type = typename base_type::value_type;
         using reference = typename base_type::reference;
@@ -211,20 +219,23 @@ namespace xt
     template <class VE, class FE>
     template <class VE1, class FE1>
     inline xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly_storage(const VE1& value_stor, const FE1& flag_stor)
-        : m_value(value_stor), m_has_value(flag_stor)
+        : m_value(value_stor)
+        , m_has_value(flag_stor)
     {
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
     template <class VE1, class FE1>
     inline xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly_storage(VE1& value_stor, FE1& flag_stor)
-        : m_value(value_stor), m_has_value(flag_stor)
+        : m_value(value_stor)
+        , m_has_value(flag_stor)
     {
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly_storage(const self_type& rhs)
-        : m_value(rhs.m_value), m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value)
+        : m_value(rhs.m_value)
+        , m_has_value(rhs.m_has_value)
     {
     }
 
@@ -238,7 +249,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
     inline xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>::xoptional_assembly_storage(self_type&& rhs)
-        : m_value(std::forward<VE>(rhs.m_value)), m_has_value(std::forward<FE>(rhs.m_has_value))
+        : m_value(std::forward<VE>(rhs.m_value))
+        , m_has_value(std::forward<FE>(rhs.m_has_value))
     {
     }
 
@@ -421,13 +433,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator==(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
+    bool
+    operator==(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.value() == rhs.value() && lhs.has_value() == rhs.has_value();
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator!=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
+    bool
+    operator!=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
     {
         return !(lhs == rhs);
     }
@@ -439,7 +453,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator<=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
+    bool
+    operator<=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.value() <= rhs.value() && lhs.has_value() == rhs.has_value();
     }
@@ -451,7 +466,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE>
-    bool operator>=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
+    bool
+    operator>=(const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& lhs, const xoptional_assembly_storage<VE, FE>& rhs)
     {
         return lhs.value() >= rhs.value() && lhs.has_value() == rhs.has_value();
     }
@@ -467,8 +483,12 @@ namespace xt
      ******************************************************/
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator(value_iterator value_it, flag_iterator flag_it)
-        : m_value_it(value_it), m_flag_it(flag_it)
+    inline xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator(
+        value_iterator value_it,
+        flag_iterator flag_it
+    )
+        : m_value_it(value_it)
+        , m_flag_it(flag_it)
     {
     }
 
@@ -505,7 +525,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class VE, class FE, bool C>
-    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator-(const self_type& rhs) const -> difference_type
+    inline auto xoptional_assembly_linear_iterator<VE, FE, C>::operator-(const self_type& rhs) const
+        -> difference_type
     {
         return m_value_it - rhs.m_value_it;
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
index 8d6bf095f..e6fb1ff50 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_PAD_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_PAD_HPP
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
+#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xview.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 using namespace xt::placeholders;  // to enable _ syntax
 
@@ -69,13 +69,12 @@ namespace xt
      * (used in `xt::pad_mode::constant`).
      * @return The padded array.
      */
-    template <class E,
-              class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type,
-              class V = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>
-    inline auto pad(E&& e,
-                    const std::vector<std::vector<S>>& pad_width,
-                    pad_mode mode = pad_mode::constant,
-                    V constant_value = 0)
+    template <class E, class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, class V = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>
+    inline auto
+    pad(E&& e,
+        const std::vector<std::vector<S>>& pad_width,
+        pad_mode mode = pad_mode::constant,
+        V constant_value = 0)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(detail::check_pad_width(pad_width, e.shape()));
 
@@ -123,17 +122,17 @@ namespace xt
                 if (mode == pad_mode::wrap || mode == pad_mode::periodic)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(nb <= e.shape(axis));
-                    svs[axis] = xt::range(e.shape(axis), nb+e.shape(axis));
+                    svs[axis] = xt::range(e.shape(axis), nb + e.shape(axis));
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::symmetric)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(nb <= e.shape(axis));
-                    svs[axis] = xt::range(2*nb-1, nb-1, -1);
+                    svs[axis] = xt::range(2 * nb - 1, nb - 1, -1);
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::reflect)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(nb <= e.shape(axis) - 1);
-                    svs[axis] = xt::range(2*nb, nb, -1);
+                    svs[axis] = xt::range(2 * nb, nb, -1);
                 }
 
                 xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
@@ -141,23 +140,23 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (ne > static_cast<size_type>(0))
             {
-                svt[axis] = xt::range(out.shape(axis)-ne, out.shape(axis));
+                svt[axis] = xt::range(out.shape(axis) - ne, out.shape(axis));
 
                 if (mode == pad_mode::wrap || mode == pad_mode::periodic)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(ne <= e.shape(axis));
-                    svs[axis] = xt::range(nb, nb+ne);
+                    svs[axis] = xt::range(nb, nb + ne);
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::symmetric)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(ne <= e.shape(axis));
                     if (ne == nb + e.shape(axis))
                     {
-                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb+e.shape(axis)-1, _, -1);
+                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb + e.shape(axis) - 1, _, -1);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb+e.shape(axis)-1, nb+e.shape(axis)-ne-1, -1);
+                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb + e.shape(axis) - 1, nb + e.shape(axis) - ne - 1, -1);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::reflect)
@@ -165,11 +164,11 @@ namespace xt
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(ne <= e.shape(axis) - 1);
                     if (ne == nb + e.shape(axis) - 1)
                     {
-                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb+e.shape(axis)-2, _, -1);
+                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb + e.shape(axis) - 2, _, -1);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb+e.shape(axis)-2, nb+e.shape(axis)-ne-2, -1);
+                        svs[axis] = xt::range(nb + e.shape(axis) - 2, nb + e.shape(axis) - ne - 2, -1);
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -194,13 +193,9 @@ namespace xt
      * (used in `xt::pad_mode::constant`).
      * @return The padded array.
      */
-    template <class E,
-              class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type,
-              class V = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>
-    inline auto pad(E&& e,
-                    const std::vector<S>& pad_width,
-                    pad_mode mode = pad_mode::constant,
-                    V constant_value = 0)
+    template <class E, class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, class V = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>
+    inline auto
+    pad(E&& e, const std::vector<S>& pad_width, pad_mode mode = pad_mode::constant, V constant_value = 0)
     {
         std::vector<std::vector<S>> pw(e.shape().size(), pad_width);
 
@@ -217,20 +212,16 @@ namespace xt
      * (used in `xt::pad_mode::constant`).
      * @return The padded array.
      */
-    template <class E,
-              class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type,
-              class V = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>
-    inline auto pad(E&& e,
-                    S pad_width,
-                    pad_mode mode = pad_mode::constant,
-                    V constant_value = 0)
+    template <class E, class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, class V = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>
+    inline auto pad(E&& e, S pad_width, pad_mode mode = pad_mode::constant, V constant_value = 0)
     {
         std::vector<std::vector<S>> pw(e.shape().size(), {pad_width, pad_width});
 
         return pad(e, pw, mode, constant_value);
     }
 
-    namespace detail {
+    namespace detail
+    {
 
         template <class E, class S>
         inline auto tile(E&& e, const S& reps)
@@ -285,13 +276,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type>
     inline auto tile(E&& e, std::initializer_list<S> reps)
     {
-      return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), std::vector<S>{reps});
+        return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), std::vector<S>{reps});
     }
 
     template <class E, class C, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<C>>)>
     inline auto tile(E&& e, const C& reps)
     {
-      return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), reps);
+        return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), reps);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -304,9 +295,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class S = typename std::decay_t<E>::size_type, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::is_integral<S>)>
     inline auto tile(E&& e, S reps)
     {
-      std::vector<S> tw(e.shape().size(), static_cast<S>(1));
-      tw[0] = reps;
-      return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), tw);
+        std::vector<S> tw(e.shape().size(), static_cast<S>(1));
+        tw[0] = reps;
+        return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), tw);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
index a87054a29..c1a32c6fd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 /**
  * @brief functions to obtain xgenerators generating random numbers with given shape
@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
 #include <random>
-#include <utility>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include <xtl/xspan.hpp>
 
 #include "xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xgenerator.hpp"
 #include "xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xview.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -45,132 +45,132 @@ namespace xt
         void seed(seed_type seed);
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto rand(const S& shape, T lower = 0, T upper = 1,
-                  E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto rand(const S& shape, T lower = 0, T upper = 1, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto randint(const S& shape, T lower = 0, T upper = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)(),
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto randint(
+            const S& shape,
+            T lower = 0,
+            T upper = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)(),
+            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()
+        );
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto randn(const S& shape, T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1,
-                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto randn(const S& shape, T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto binomial(const S& shape, T trials = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        binomial(const S& shape, T trials = 1, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto geometric(const S& shape, D prob = 0.5,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto geometric(const S& shape, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto negative_binomial(const S& shape, T k = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                               E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        negative_binomial(const S& shape, T k = 1, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto poisson(const S& shape, D rate = 1.0,
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto poisson(const S& shape, D rate = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto exponential(const S& shape, T rate = 1.0,
-                         E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto exponential(const S& shape, T rate = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto gamma(const S& shape, T alpha = 1.0, T beta = 1.0,
-                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        gamma(const S& shape, T alpha = 1.0, T beta = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto weibull(const S& shape, T a = 1.0, T b = 1.0,
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto weibull(const S& shape, T a = 1.0, T b = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto extreme_value(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
-                           E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        extreme_value(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto lognormal(const S& shape, T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        lognormal(const S& shape, T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto chi_squared(const S& shape, T deg = 1.0,
-                         E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto chi_squared(const S& shape, T deg = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto cauchy(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
-                           E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto cauchy(const S& shape, T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto fisher_f(const S& shape, T m = 1.0, T n = 1.0,
-                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto fisher_f(const S& shape, T m = 1.0, T n = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto student_t(const S& shape, T n = 1.0,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto student_t(const S& shape, T n = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto rand(const I (&shape)[L], T lower = 0, T upper = 1,
-                  E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        rand(const I (&shape)[L], T lower = 0, T upper = 1, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto randint(const I (&shape)[L], T lower = 0, T upper = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)(),
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto randint(
+            const I (&shape)[L],
+            T lower = 0,
+            T upper = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)(),
+            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()
+        );
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto randn(const I (&shape)[L], T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1,
-                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        randn(const I (&shape)[L], T mean = 0, T std_dev = 1, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto binomial(const I (&shape)[L], T trials = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        binomial(const I (&shape)[L], T trials = 1, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto geometric(const I (&shape)[L], D prob=0.5,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto geometric(const I (&shape)[L], D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto negative_binomial(const I (&shape)[L], T k = 1, D prob = 0.5,
-                               E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto negative_binomial(
+            const I (&shape)[L],
+            T k = 1,
+            D prob = 0.5,
+            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()
+        );
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto poisson(const I (&shape)[L], D rate = 1.0,
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto poisson(const I (&shape)[L], D rate = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto exponential(const I (&shape)[L], T rate = 1.0,
-                         E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto exponential(const I (&shape)[L], T rate = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto gamma(const I (&shape)[L], T alpha = 1.0, T beta = 1.0,
-                   E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        gamma(const I (&shape)[L], T alpha = 1.0, T beta = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto weibull(const I (&shape)[L], T a = 1.0, T b = 1.0,
-                     E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        weibull(const I (&shape)[L], T a = 1.0, T b = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto extreme_value(const I (&shape)[L], T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
-                           E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        extreme_value(const I (&shape)[L], T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto lognormal(const I (&shape)[L], T mean = 0.0, T std_dev = 1.0,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto lognormal(
+            const I (&shape)[L],
+            T mean = 0.0,
+            T std_dev = 1.0,
+            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()
+        );
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto chi_squared(const I (&shape)[L], T deg = 1.0,
-                         E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto chi_squared(const I (&shape)[L], T deg = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto cauchy(const I (&shape)[L], T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0,
-                    E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto cauchy(const I (&shape)[L], T a = 0.0, T b = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto fisher_f(const I (&shape)[L], T m = 1.0, T n = 1.0,
-                      E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto
+        fisher_f(const I (&shape)[L], T m = 1.0, T n = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        auto student_t(const I (&shape)[L], T n = 1.0,
-                       E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        auto student_t(const I (&shape)[L], T n = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         void shuffle(xexpression<T>& e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
@@ -184,14 +184,21 @@ namespace xt
         permutation(T&& e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n, bool replace = true,
-                                                  E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(
+            const xexpression<T>& e,
+            std::size_t n,
+            bool replace = true,
+            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()
+        );
 
         template <class T, class W, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n,
-                                                  const xexpression<W>& weights,
-                                                  bool replace = true,
-                                                  E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(
+            const xexpression<T>& e,
+            std::size_t n,
+            const xexpression<W>& weights,
+            bool replace = true,
+            E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()
+        );
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -202,7 +209,8 @@ namespace xt
             using value_type = T;
 
             random_impl(E& engine, D&& dist)
-                : m_engine(engine), m_dist(std::move(dist))
+                : m_engine(engine)
+                , m_dist(std::move(dist))
             {
             }
 
@@ -272,7 +280,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto rand(const S& shape, T lower, T upper, E& engine)
         {
             std::uniform_real_distribution<T> dist(lower, upper);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -291,7 +302,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto randint(const S& shape, T lower, T upper, E& engine)
         {
             std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dist(lower, T(upper - 1));
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -311,7 +325,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto randn(const S& shape, T mean, T std_dev, E& engine)
         {
             std::normal_distribution<T> dist(mean, std_dev);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -331,26 +348,32 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto binomial(const S& shape, T trials, D prob, E& engine)
         {
             std::binomial_distribution<T> dist(trials, prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
-        }
-
-         /**
-          * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
-          * a gemoetric random number distribution with
-          * probability of success equal to @p prob for each of the Bernoulli trials.
-          *
-          * Numbers are drawn from @c std::geometric_distribution.
-          *
-          * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
-          * @param prob probability of success of each trial
-          * @param engine random number engine
-          * @tparam T number type to use
-          */
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * xexpression with specified @p shape containing numbers sampled from
+         * a gemoetric random number distribution with
+         * probability of success equal to @p prob for each of the Bernoulli trials.
+         *
+         * Numbers are drawn from @c std::geometric_distribution.
+         *
+         * @param shape shape of resulting xexpression
+         * @param prob probability of success of each trial
+         * @param engine random number engine
+         * @tparam T number type to use
+         */
         template <class T, class S, class D, class E>
         inline auto geometric(const S& shape, D prob, E& engine)
         {
             std::geometric_distribution<T> dist(prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -371,7 +394,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto negative_binomial(const S& shape, T k, D prob, E& engine)
         {
             std::negative_binomial_distribution<T> dist(k, prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -389,7 +415,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto poisson(const S& shape, D rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::poisson_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -407,7 +436,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto exponential(const S& shape, T rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::exponential_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -426,7 +458,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto gamma(const S& shape, T alpha, T beta, E& engine)
         {
             std::gamma_distribution<T> dist(alpha, beta);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -445,7 +480,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto weibull(const S& shape, T a, T b, E& engine)
         {
             std::weibull_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -464,7 +502,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto extreme_value(const S& shape, T a, T b, E& engine)
         {
             std::extreme_value_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -484,7 +525,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto lognormal(const S& shape, T mean, T std_dev, E& engine)
         {
             std::lognormal_distribution<T> dist(mean, std_dev);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -502,7 +546,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto chi_squared(const S& shape, T deg, E& engine)
         {
             std::chi_squared_distribution<T> dist(deg);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -521,7 +568,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto cauchy(const S& shape, T a, T b, E& engine)
         {
             std::cauchy_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -541,7 +591,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto fisher_f(const S& shape, T m, T n, E& engine)
         {
             std::fisher_f_distribution<T> dist(m, n);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -560,119 +613,170 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto student_t(const S& shape, T n, E& engine)
         {
             std::student_t_distribution<T> dist(n);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto rand(const I (&shape)[L], T lower, T upper, E& engine)
         {
             std::uniform_real_distribution<T> dist(lower, upper);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto randint(const I (&shape)[L], T lower, T upper, E& engine)
         {
             std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dist(lower, T(upper - 1));
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto randn(const I (&shape)[L], T mean, T std_dev, E& engine)
         {
             std::normal_distribution<T> dist(mean, std_dev);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D, class E>
         inline auto binomial(const I (&shape)[L], T trials, D prob, E& engine)
         {
             std::binomial_distribution<T> dist(trials, prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D, class E>
         inline auto geometric(const I (&shape)[L], D prob, E& engine)
         {
             std::geometric_distribution<T> dist(prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
-        template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D , class E>
+        template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D, class E>
         inline auto negative_binomial(const I (&shape)[L], T k, D prob, E& engine)
         {
             std::negative_binomial_distribution<T> dist(k, prob);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D, class E>
         inline auto poisson(const I (&shape)[L], D rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::poisson_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto exponential(const I (&shape)[L], T rate, E& engine)
         {
             std::exponential_distribution<T> dist(rate);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto gamma(const I (&shape)[L], T alpha, T beta, E& engine)
         {
             std::gamma_distribution<T> dist(alpha, beta);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto weibull(const I (&shape)[L], T a, T b, E& engine)
         {
             std::weibull_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto extreme_value(const I (&shape)[L], T a, T b, E& engine)
         {
             std::extreme_value_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto lognormal(const I (&shape)[L], T mean, T std_dev, E& engine)
         {
             std::lognormal_distribution<T> dist(mean, std_dev);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto chi_squared(const I (&shape)[L], T deg, E& engine)
         {
             std::chi_squared_distribution<T> dist(deg);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto cauchy(const I (&shape)[L], T a, T b, E& engine)
         {
             std::cauchy_distribution<T> dist(a, b);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto fisher_f(const I (&shape)[L], T m, T n, E& engine)
         {
             std::fisher_f_distribution<T> dist(m, n);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E>
         inline auto student_t(const I (&shape)[L], T n, E& engine)
         {
             std::student_t_distribution<T> dist(n);
-            return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)), shape);
+            return detail::make_xgenerator(
+                detail::random_impl<T, E, decltype(dist)>(engine, std::move(dist)),
+                shape
+            );
         }
 
         /**
@@ -732,8 +836,7 @@ namespace xt
          * @return randomly permuted copy of container or arange.
          */
         template <class T, class E>
-        std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>>
-        permutation(T e, E& engine)
+        std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>> permutation(T e, E& engine)
         {
             xt::xtensor<T, 1> res = xt::arange<T>(e);
             shuffle(res, engine);
@@ -742,14 +845,14 @@ namespace xt
 
         /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
         template <class T, class E>
-        std::enable_if_t<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<T>>::value, std::decay_t<T>>
-        permutation(T&& e, E& engine)
+        std::enable_if_t<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<T>>::value, std::decay_t<T>> permutation(T&& e, E& engine)
         {
             using copy_type = std::decay_t<T>;
             copy_type res = e;
             shuffle(res, engine);
             return res;
         }
+
         /// @endcond
 
         /**
@@ -764,7 +867,8 @@ namespace xt
          * @return xtensor containing 1D container of sampled elements
          */
         template <class T, class E>
-        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n, bool replace, E& engine)
+        xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1>
+        choice(const xexpression<T>& e, std::size_t n, bool replace, E& engine)
         {
             const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
             XTENSOR_ASSERT((de.dimension() == 1));
@@ -787,7 +891,7 @@ namespace xt
                 // Naive resevoir sampling without weighting:
                 std::copy(de.storage().begin(), de.storage().begin() + n, result.begin());
                 size_type i = n;
-                for(auto it = de.storage().begin() + n; it != de.storage().end(); ++it, ++i)
+                for (auto it = de.storage().begin() + n; it != de.storage().end(); ++it, ++i)
                 {
                     auto idx = std::uniform_int_distribution<size_type>(0, i)(engine);
                     if (idx < n)
@@ -802,17 +906,18 @@ namespace xt
         /**
          * Weighted random sampling.
          *
-         * Randomly sample n unique elements from xexpression ``e`` using the discrete distribution parametrized by
-         * the weights ``w``.
-         * When sampling with replacement, this means that the probability to sample element ``e[i]`` is defined as
+         * Randomly sample n unique elements from xexpression ``e`` using the discrete distribution
+         * parametrized by the weights ``w``. When sampling with replacement, this means that the probability
+         * to sample element ``e[i]`` is defined as
          * ``w[i] / sum(w)``.
          * Without replacement, this only describes the probability of the first sample element.
          * In successive samples, the weight of items already sampled is assumed to be zero.
          *
-         * For weighted random sampling with replacement, binary search with cumulative weights alogrithm is used.
-         * For weighted random sampling without replacement, the algorithm used is the exponential sort from
-         * [Efraimidis and Spirakis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003) (2006) with the ``weight / randexp(1)``
-         * [trick](https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162211/https://krlmlr.github.io/wrswoR/) from Kirill Müller.
+         * For weighted random sampling with replacement, binary search with cumulative weights alogrithm is
+         * used. For weighted random sampling without replacement, the algorithm used is the exponential sort
+         * from [Efraimidis and Spirakis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003) (2006) with the ``weight
+         * / randexp(1)`` [trick](https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162211/https://krlmlr.github.io/wrswoR/)
+         * from Kirill Müller.
          *
          * Note: this function makes a copy of your data, and only 1D data is accepted.
          *
@@ -836,8 +941,10 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_ASSERT((de.size() == dweights.size()));
             XTENSOR_ASSERT((de.dimension() == dweights.dimension()));
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(xt::all(dweights >= 0));
-            static_assert(std::is_floating_point<typename W::value_type>::value,
-                          "Weight expression must be of floating point type");
+            static_assert(
+                std::is_floating_point<typename W::value_type>::value,
+                "Weight expression must be of floating point type"
+            );
             using result_type = xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1>;
             using size_type = typename result_type::size_type;
             using weight_type = typename W::value_type;
@@ -847,17 +954,18 @@ namespace xt
             if (replace)
             {
                 // Sample u uniformly in the range [0, sum(weights)[
-                // The index idx of the sampled element is such that weight_cumul[idx - 1] <= u < weight_cumul[idx].
-                // Where weight_cumul[-1] is implicitly 0, as the empty sum.
+                // The index idx of the sampled element is such that weight_cumul[idx - 1] <= u <
+                // weight_cumul[idx]. Where weight_cumul[-1] is implicitly 0, as the empty sum.
                 const auto wc = eval(cumsum(dweights));
                 std::uniform_real_distribution<weight_type> weight_dist{0, wc[wc.size() - 1]};
-                for(auto& x : result)
+                for (auto& x : result)
                 {
                     const auto u = weight_dist(engine);
-                    const auto idx = static_cast<size_type>(std::upper_bound(wc.cbegin(), wc.cend(), u) - wc.cbegin());
+                    const auto idx = static_cast<size_type>(
+                        std::upper_bound(wc.cbegin(), wc.cend(), u) - wc.cbegin()
+                    );
                     x = de[idx];
                 }
-
             }
             else
             {
@@ -865,13 +973,27 @@ namespace xt
                 xtensor<weight_type, 1> keys;
                 keys.resize({dweights.size()});
                 std::exponential_distribution<weight_type> randexp{weight_type(1)};
-                std::transform(dweights.cbegin(), dweights.cend(), keys.begin(),
-                               [&randexp, &engine](auto w){ return w / randexp(engine); });
+                std::transform(
+                    dweights.cbegin(),
+                    dweights.cend(),
+                    keys.begin(),
+                    [&randexp, &engine](auto w)
+                    {
+                        return w / randexp(engine);
+                    }
+                );
 
                 // Find indexes for the n biggest key
                 xtensor<size_type, 1> indices = arange<size_type>(0, dweights.size());
-                std::partial_sort(indices.begin(), indices.begin() + n, indices.end(),
-                                  [&keys](auto i, auto j) { return keys[i] > keys[j]; });
+                std::partial_sort(
+                    indices.begin(),
+                    indices.begin() + n,
+                    indices.end(),
+                    [&keys](auto i, auto j)
+                    {
+                        return keys[i] > keys[j];
+                    }
+                );
 
                 // Return samples with the n biggest keys
                 result = index_view(de, xtl::span<size_type>{indices.data(), n});
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index cfb5e2690..4a2829ccc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_REDUCER_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_REDUCER_HPP
@@ -33,14 +33,16 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    template <template <class...> class A, class... AX, class X,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_evaluation_strategy<AX>..., is_evaluation_strategy<X>)>
+    template <template <class...> class A, class... AX, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(is_evaluation_strategy<AX>..., is_evaluation_strategy<X>)>
     auto operator|(const A<AX...>& args, const A<X>& rhs)
     {
         return std::tuple_cat(args, rhs);
     }
 
-    struct keep_dims_type : xt::detail::option_base {};
+    struct keep_dims_type : xt::detail::option_base
+    {
+    };
+
     constexpr auto keep_dims = std::tuple<keep_dims_type>{};
 
     template <class T = double>
@@ -51,7 +53,11 @@ namespace xt
         {
         }
 
-        constexpr T value() const { return m_val; }
+        constexpr T value() const
+        {
+            return m_val;
+        }
+
         T m_val;
     };
 
@@ -94,21 +100,28 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class Tuple>
     struct tuple_idx_of
     {
-        static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t value = tuple_idx_of_impl<0, std::decay_t<T>, typename decay_all<Tuple>::type>::value;
+        static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t
+            value = tuple_idx_of_impl<0, std::decay_t<T>, typename decay_all<Tuple>::type>::value;
     };
 
     template <class R, class T>
     struct reducer_options
     {
         template <class X>
-        struct initial_tester : std::false_type {};
+        struct initial_tester : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
 
         template <class X>
-        struct initial_tester<xinitial<X>> : std::true_type {};
+        struct initial_tester<xinitial<X>> : std::true_type
+        {
+        };
 
         // Workaround for Apple because tuple_cat is buggy!
         template <class X>
-        struct initial_tester<const xinitial<X>> : std::true_type {};
+        struct initial_tester<const xinitial<X>> : std::true_type
+        {
+        };
 
         using d_t = std::decay_t<T>;
 
@@ -117,21 +130,28 @@ namespace xt
 
         reducer_options(const T& tpl)
         {
-            xtl::mpl::static_if<initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value>([this, &tpl](auto no_compile) {
+            xtl::mpl::static_if<initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value>(
+                [this, &tpl](auto no_compile)
+                {
                     // use no_compile to prevent compilation if initial_val_idx is out of bounds!
-                    this->initial_value = no_compile(std::get<initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value ? initial_val_idx : 0>(tpl)).value();
+                    this->initial_value = no_compile(
+                                              std::get < initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value
+                                                  ? initial_val_idx
+                                                  : 0 > (tpl)
+                    )
+                                              .value();
                 },
-                [](auto /*np_compile*/){}
+                [](auto /*np_compile*/) {}
             );
         }
 
-        using evaluation_strategy = std::conditional_t<tuple_idx_of<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type, d_t>::value != -1,
-                                                                    xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type,
-                                                                    xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy_type>;
+        using evaluation_strategy = std::conditional_t<
+            tuple_idx_of<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type, d_t>::value != -1,
+            xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type,
+            xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy_type>;
 
-        using keep_dims = std::conditional_t<tuple_idx_of<xt::keep_dims_type, d_t>::value != -1,
-                                             std::true_type,
-                                             std::false_type>;
+        using keep_dims = std::
+            conditional_t<tuple_idx_of<xt::keep_dims_type, d_t>::value != -1, std::true_type, std::false_type>;
 
         constexpr static bool has_initial_value = initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<d_t>::value;
 
@@ -179,8 +199,13 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class O, class RS, class R, class E, class AX>
-        inline void shape_computation(RS& result_shape, R& result, E& expr,
-                                      const AX& axes, std::enable_if_t<!detail::is_fixed<RS>::value, int> = 0)
+        inline void shape_computation(
+            RS& result_shape,
+            R& result,
+            E& expr,
+            const AX& axes,
+            std::enable_if_t<!detail::is_fixed<RS>::value, int> = 0
+        )
         {
             if (typename O::keep_dims())
             {
@@ -215,48 +240,58 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         // skip shape computation if already done at compile time
-        template <class O, class RS, class R,class S, class AX>
-        inline void shape_computation(RS&, R&, const S&,
-                                      const AX&, std::enable_if_t<detail::is_fixed<RS>::value, int> = 0)
+        template <class O, class RS, class R, class S, class AX>
+        inline void
+        shape_computation(RS&, R&, const S&, const AX&, std::enable_if_t<detail::is_fixed<RS>::value, int> = 0)
         {
         }
     }
 
-    template <class F, class E, class R,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_convertible<typename E::value_type, typename R::value_type>)>
+    template <class F, class E, class R, XTL_REQUIRES(std::is_convertible<typename E::value_type, typename R::value_type>)>
     inline void copy_to_reduced(F&, const E& e, R& result)
     {
         if (e.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
         {
-            std::copy(e.template cbegin<layout_type::row_major>(),
-                      e.template cend<layout_type::row_major>(),
-                      result.data());
+            std::copy(
+                e.template cbegin<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                e.template cend<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                result.data()
+            );
         }
         else
         {
-            std::copy(e.template cbegin<layout_type::column_major>(),
-                      e.template cend<layout_type::column_major>(),
-                      result.data());
+            std::copy(
+                e.template cbegin<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                e.template cend<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                result.data()
+            );
         }
     }
 
-    template <class F, class E, class R,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_convertible<typename E::value_type, typename R::value_type>>)>
+    template <
+        class F,
+        class E,
+        class R,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_convertible<typename E::value_type, typename R::value_type>>)>
     inline void copy_to_reduced(F& f, const E& e, R& result)
     {
         if (e.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
         {
-            std::transform(e.template cbegin<layout_type::row_major>(),
-                           e.template cend<layout_type::row_major>(),
-                           result.data(),
-                           f);
+            std::transform(
+                e.template cbegin<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                e.template cend<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                result.data(),
+                f
+            );
         }
         else
         {
-            std::transform(e.template cbegin<layout_type::column_major>(),
-                           e.template cend<layout_type::column_major>(),
-                           result.data(),
-                           f);
+            std::transform(
+                e.template cbegin<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                e.template cend<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                result.data(),
+                f
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -266,13 +301,18 @@ namespace xt
         using reduce_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::reduce_functor_type;
         using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
         using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
-        using result_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+        using result_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>(
+        )(std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
 
         using options_t = reducer_options<result_type, std::decay_t<O>>;
         options_t options(raw_options);
 
-        using shape_type = typename xreducer_shape_type<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type, std::decay_t<X>, typename options_t::keep_dims>::type;
-        using result_container_type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<shape_type>::template type<result_type, std::decay_t<E>::static_layout>;
+        using shape_type = typename xreducer_shape_type<
+            typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type,
+            std::decay_t<X>,
+            typename options_t::keep_dims>::type;
+        using result_container_type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<
+            shape_type>::template type<result_type, std::decay_t<E>::static_layout>;
         result_container_type result;
 
         // retrieve functors from triple struct
@@ -283,19 +323,23 @@ namespace xt
         if (axes.size() == 0)
         {
             result.resize(e.shape(), e.layout());
-            auto cpf = [&reduce_fct, &init_fct](const auto& v) {return reduce_fct(static_cast<result_type>(init_fct()), v); };
+            auto cpf = [&reduce_fct, &init_fct](const auto& v)
+            {
+                return reduce_fct(static_cast<result_type>(init_fct()), v);
+            };
             copy_to_reduced(cpf, e, result);
             return result;
         }
 
         shape_type result_shape{};
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> iter_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(e.shape())>(e.shape());
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t>
+            iter_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>, decltype(e.shape())>(e.shape());
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> iter_strides(e.dimension());
 
         // std::less is used, because as the standard says (24.4.5):
-        // A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparator comp if for any iterator i pointing to the sequence and any non-negative integer n
-        // such that i + n is a valid iterator pointing to an element of the sequence, comp(*(i + n), *i) == false.
-        // Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
+        // A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparator comp if for any iterator i pointing to the
+        // sequence and any non-negative integer n such that i + n is a valid iterator pointing to an element
+        // of the sequence, comp(*(i + n), *i) == false. Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
         if (!std::is_sorted(axes.cbegin(), axes.cend(), std::less<>()))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted.");
@@ -306,9 +350,10 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if (axes.size() != 0 && axes[axes.size() - 1] > e.dimension() - 1)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                          "Axis " + std::to_string(axes[axes.size() - 1]) +
-                          " out of bounds for reduction.");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::runtime_error,
+                "Axis " + std::to_string(axes[axes.size() - 1]) + " out of bounds for reduction."
+            );
         }
 
         detail::shape_computation<options_t>(result_shape, result, e, axes);
@@ -334,7 +379,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         if (inner_stride == 0)
         {
-            auto cpf = [&reduce_fct, &init_fct](const auto& v) {return reduce_fct(static_cast<result_type>(init_fct()), v); };
+            auto cpf = [&reduce_fct, &init_fct](const auto& v)
+            {
+                return reduce_fct(static_cast<result_type>(init_fct()), v);
+            };
             copy_to_reduced(cpf, e, result);
             return result;
         }
@@ -344,7 +392,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         // The following code merges reduction axes "at the end" (or the beginning for col_major)
         // together by increasing the size of the outer loop where appropriate
-        auto merge_loops = [&outer_loop_size, &e](auto it, auto end) {
+        auto merge_loops = [&outer_loop_size, &e](auto it, auto end)
+        {
             auto last_ax = *it;
             ++it;
             for (; it != end; ++it)
@@ -364,7 +413,8 @@ namespace xt
             if (std::find(axes.begin(), axes.end(), i) == axes.end())
             {
                 // i not in axes!
-                iter_strides[i] = static_cast<std::size_t>(result.strides()[typename options_t::keep_dims() ? i : idx]);
+                iter_strides[i] = static_cast<std::size_t>(result.strides(
+                )[typename options_t::keep_dims() ? i : idx]);
                 ++idx;
             }
         }
@@ -395,7 +445,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         xindex temp_idx(iter_shape.size());
-        auto next_idx = [&iter_shape, &iter_strides, &temp_idx]() {
+        auto next_idx = [&iter_shape, &iter_strides, &temp_idx]()
+        {
             std::size_t i = iter_shape.size();
             for (; i > 0; --i)
             {
@@ -410,9 +461,10 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
 
-            return std::make_pair(i == 0,
-                                  std::inner_product(temp_idx.begin(), temp_idx.end(),
-                                                     iter_strides.begin(), std::ptrdiff_t(0)));
+            return std::make_pair(
+                i == 0,
+                std::inner_product(temp_idx.begin(), temp_idx.end(), iter_strides.begin(), std::ptrdiff_t(0))
+            );
         };
 
         auto begin = e.data();
@@ -423,15 +475,16 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::pair<bool, std::ptrdiff_t> idx_res(false, 0);
 
-        // Remark: eventually some modifications here to make conditions faster where merge + accumulate is the
-        // same function (e.g. check std::is_same<decltype(merge_fct), decltype(reduce_fct)>::value) ...
+        // Remark: eventually some modifications here to make conditions faster where merge + accumulate is
+        // the same function (e.g. check std::is_same<decltype(merge_fct), decltype(reduce_fct)>::value) ...
 
         auto merge_border = out;
         bool merge = false;
 
         // TODO there could be some performance gain by removing merge checking
-        //      when axes.size() == 1 and even next_idx could be removed for something simpler (next_stride always the same)
-        //      best way to do this would be to create a function that takes (begin, out, outer_loop_size, inner_loop_size, next_idx_lambda)
+        //      when axes.size() == 1 and even next_idx could be removed for something simpler (next_stride
+        //      always the same) best way to do this would be to create a function that takes (begin, out,
+        //      outer_loop_size, inner_loop_size, next_idx_lambda)
         // Decide if going about it row-wise or col-wise
         if (inner_stride == 1)
         {
@@ -440,7 +493,7 @@ namespace xt
                 // for unknown reasons it's much faster to use a temporary variable and
                 // std::accumulate here -- probably some cache behavior
                 result_type tmp = init_fct();
-                tmp = std::accumulate(begin , begin + outer_loop_size, tmp, reduce_fct);
+                tmp = std::accumulate(begin, begin + outer_loop_size, tmp, reduce_fct);
 
                 // use merge function if necessary
                 *out = merge ? merge_fct(*out, tmp) : tmp;
@@ -467,13 +520,18 @@ namespace xt
         {
             while (idx_res.first != true)
             {
-                std::transform(out, out + inner_loop_size, begin, out,
-                               [merge, &init_fct, &reduce_fct](auto&& v1, auto&& v2) {
-                                    return merge ?
-                                        reduce_fct(v1, v2) :
-                                        // cast because return type of identity function is not upcasted
-                                        reduce_fct(static_cast<result_type>(init_fct()), v2);
-                               });
+                std::transform(
+                    out,
+                    out + inner_loop_size,
+                    begin,
+                    out,
+                    [merge, &init_fct, &reduce_fct](auto&& v1, auto&& v2)
+                    {
+                        return merge ? reduce_fct(v1, v2) :
+                                     // cast because return type of identity function is not upcasted
+                                   reduce_fct(static_cast<result_type>(init_fct()), v2);
+                    }
+                );
 
                 begin += inner_stride;
                 for (std::size_t i = 1; i < outer_loop_size; ++i)
@@ -500,13 +558,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if (options_t::has_initial_value)
         {
-            std::transform(result.data(), result.data() + result.size(), result.data(),
-                           [&merge_fct, &options](auto&& v) { return merge_fct(v, options.initial_value); });
+            std::transform(
+                result.data(),
+                result.data() + result.size(),
+                result.data(),
+                [&merge_fct, &options](auto&& v)
+                {
+                    return merge_fct(v, options.initial_value);
+                }
+            );
         }
         return result;
     }
 
-
     /*********************
      * xreducer functors *
      *********************/
@@ -556,8 +620,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class REDUCE_FUNC, class INIT_FUNC = const_value<long int>, class MERGE_FUNC = REDUCE_FUNC>
-    struct xreducer_functors
-        : public std::tuple<REDUCE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC, MERGE_FUNC>
+    struct xreducer_functors : public std::tuple<REDUCE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC, MERGE_FUNC>
     {
         using self_type = xreducer_functors<REDUCE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC, MERGE_FUNC>;
         using base_type = std::tuple<REDUCE_FUNC, INIT_FUNC, MERGE_FUNC>;
@@ -604,10 +667,10 @@ namespace xt
             return std::get<2>(upcast());
         }
 
-        template<class NT>
+        template <class NT>
         using rebind_t = xreducer_functors<REDUCE_FUNC, const_value<NT>, MERGE_FUNC>;
 
-        template<class NT>
+        template <class NT>
         rebind_t<NT> rebind()
         {
             return make_xreducer_functor(get_reduce(), get_init().template rebind<NT>(), get_merge());
@@ -639,10 +702,15 @@ namespace xt
     template <class RF, class IF, class MF>
     auto make_xreducer_functor(RF&& reduce_func, IF&& init_func, MF&& merge_func)
     {
-        using reducer_type = xreducer_functors<std::remove_reference_t<RF>,
-                                               std::remove_reference_t<IF>,
-                                               std::remove_reference_t<MF>>;
-        return reducer_type(std::forward<RF>(reduce_func), std::forward<IF>(init_func), std::forward<MF>(merge_func));
+        using reducer_type = xreducer_functors<
+            std::remove_reference_t<RF>,
+            std::remove_reference_t<IF>,
+            std::remove_reference_t<MF>>;
+        return reducer_type(
+            std::forward<RF>(reduce_func),
+            std::forward<IF>(init_func),
+            std::forward<MF>(merge_func)
+        );
     }
 
     /**********************
@@ -661,8 +729,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
-        struct xreducer_base
-            : xreducer_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, F, CT, X, O>
+        struct xreducer_base : xreducer_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, F, CT, X, O>
         {
         };
 
@@ -684,7 +751,10 @@ namespace xt
     struct xiterable_inner_types<xreducer<F, CT, X, O>>
     {
         using xexpression_type = std::decay_t<CT>;
-        using inner_shape_type = typename xreducer_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, std::decay_t<X>, typename O::keep_dims>::type;
+        using inner_shape_type = typename xreducer_shape_type<
+            typename xexpression_type::shape_type,
+            std::decay_t<X>,
+            typename O::keep_dims>::type;
         using const_stepper = xreducer_stepper<F, CT, X, O>;
         using stepper = const_stepper;
     };
@@ -697,10 +767,8 @@ namespace xt
         using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
         using merge_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::merge_functor_type;
         using substepper_type = typename xexpression_type::const_stepper;
-        using raw_value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
-                                                            std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
-                                                            *std::declval<substepper_type>())
-                                                    )>;
+        using raw_value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>(
+        )(std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), *std::declval<substepper_type>()))>;
         using value_type = typename detail::evaluated_value_type_t<raw_value_type, is_xexpression<raw_value_type>::value>;
 
         using reference = value_type;
@@ -821,13 +889,16 @@ namespace xt
 
         xreducer_functors_type functors() const
         {
-            return xreducer_functors_type(m_reduce, m_init, m_merge);  // TODO: understand why make_xreducer_functor is throwing an error
+            return xreducer_functors_type(m_reduce, m_init, m_merge);  // TODO: understand why
+                                                                       // make_xreducer_functor is throwing an
+                                                                       // error
         }
 
         const O& options() const
         {
             return m_options;
         }
+
     private:
 
         CT m_e;
@@ -855,24 +926,32 @@ namespace xt
 
             using reduce_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::reduce_functor_type;
             using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
-            using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
-                std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
-                *std::declval<typename std::decay_t<E>::const_stepper>()))>;
+            using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>(
+            )(std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), *std::declval<typename std::decay_t<E>::const_stepper>()))>;
             using evaluated_value_type = evaluated_value_type_t<value_type, is_xexpression<value_type>::value>;
 
-            using reducer_type = xreducer<F, const_xclosure_t<E>, xtl::const_closure_type_t<decltype(normalized_axes)>, reducer_options<evaluated_value_type, std::decay_t<O>>>;
-            return reducer_type(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<decltype(normalized_axes)>(normalized_axes), std::forward<O>(options));
+            using reducer_type = xreducer<
+                F,
+                const_xclosure_t<E>,
+                xtl::const_closure_type_t<decltype(normalized_axes)>,
+                reducer_options<evaluated_value_type, std::decay_t<O>>>;
+            return reducer_type(
+                std::forward<F>(f),
+                std::forward<E>(e),
+                std::forward<decltype(normalized_axes)>(normalized_axes),
+                std::forward<O>(options)
+            );
         }
 
-
         template <class F, class E, class X, class O>
         inline auto reduce_impl(F&& f, E&& e, X&& axes, evaluation_strategy::immediate_type, O&& options)
         {
             decltype(auto) normalized_axes = normalize_axis(e, std::forward<X>(axes));
-            return reduce_immediate(std::forward<F>(f),
-                                    eval(std::forward<E>(e)),
-                                    std::forward<decltype(normalized_axes)>(normalized_axes),
-                                    std::forward<O>(options)
+            return reduce_immediate(
+                std::forward<F>(f),
+                eval(std::forward<E>(e)),
+                std::forward<decltype(normalized_axes)>(normalized_axes),
+                std::forward<O>(options)
             );
         }
     }
@@ -887,8 +966,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class RF, class IF, class MF>
-        struct is_xreducer_functors_impl<xreducer_functors<RF, IF, MF>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_xreducer_functors_impl<xreducer_functors<RF, IF, MF>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
@@ -909,65 +987,95 @@ namespace xt
      * depending on whether \p e is an lvalue or an rvalue.
      */
 
-    template <class F, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>,
-                           detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
+    template <
+        class F,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, X&& axes, EVS&& options = EVS())
     {
-
-        return detail::reduce_impl(std::forward<F>(f),
-                                   std::forward<E>(e),
-                                   std::forward<X>(axes),
-                                   typename reducer_options<int, EVS>::evaluation_strategy{},
-                                   std::forward<EVS>(options)
+        return detail::reduce_impl(
+            std::forward<F>(f),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::forward<X>(axes),
+            typename reducer_options<int, EVS>::evaluation_strategy{},
+            std::forward<EVS>(options)
         );
     }
 
-    template <class F, class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>,
-                           xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
+    template <
+        class F,
+        class E,
+        class X,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, X&& axes, EVS&& options = EVS())
     {
-        return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e),
-                      std::forward<X>(axes), std::forward<EVS>(options));
+        return reduce(
+            make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::forward<X>(axes),
+            std::forward<EVS>(options)
+        );
     }
 
-    template <class F, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>,
-                           detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
+    template <
+        class F,
+        class E,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, EVS&& options = EVS())
     {
         xindex_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type> ar;
         resize_container(ar, e.dimension());
         std::iota(ar.begin(), ar.end(), 0);
-        return detail::reduce_impl(std::forward<F>(f),
-                                   std::forward<E>(e),
-                                   std::move(ar),
-                                   typename reducer_options<int, std::decay_t<EVS>>::evaluation_strategy{},
-                                   std::forward<EVS>(options)
+        return detail::reduce_impl(
+            std::forward<F>(f),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::move(ar),
+            typename reducer_options<int, std::decay_t<EVS>>::evaluation_strategy{},
+            std::forward<EVS>(options)
         );
     }
 
-    template <class F, class E, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>,
-                           xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
+    template <
+        class F,
+        class E,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, EVS&& options = EVS())
     {
         return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<EVS>(options));
     }
 
-    template <class F, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
+    template <
+        class F,
+        class E,
+        class I,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS options = EVS())
     {
         using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         auto ax = xt::forward_normalize<axes_type>(e, axes);
-        return detail::reduce_impl(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<E>(e), std::move(ax),
-                                   typename reducer_options<int, EVS>::evaluation_strategy{},
-                                   options);
+        return detail::reduce_impl(
+            std::forward<F>(f),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::move(ax),
+            typename reducer_options<int, EVS>::evaluation_strategy{},
+            options
+        );
     }
-    template <class F, class E, class I, std::size_t N, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-              XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
+
+    template <
+        class F,
+        class E,
+        class I,
+        std::size_t N,
+        class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
+        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS options = EVS())
     {
         return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e), axes, options);
@@ -995,8 +1103,12 @@ namespace xt
         using substepper_type = typename xexpression_type::const_stepper;
         using shape_type = typename xreducer_type::shape_type;
 
-        xreducer_stepper(const xreducer_type& red, size_type offset, bool end = false,
-                         layout_type l = default_assignable_layout(xexpression_type::static_layout));
+        xreducer_stepper(
+            const xreducer_type& red,
+            size_type offset,
+            bool end = false,
+            layout_type l = default_assignable_layout(xexpression_type::static_layout)
+        );
 
         reference operator*() const;
 
@@ -1014,8 +1126,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         reference initial_value() const;
         reference aggregate(size_type dim) const;
-        reference aggregate_impl(size_type dim, /*keep_dims=*/ std::false_type) const;
-        reference aggregate_impl(size_type dim, /*keep_dims=*/ std::true_type) const;
+        reference aggregate_impl(size_type dim, /*keep_dims=*/std::false_type) const;
+        reference aggregate_impl(size_type dim, /*keep_dims=*/std::true_type) const;
 
         substepper_type get_substepper_begin() const;
         size_type get_dim(size_type dim) const noexcept;
@@ -1045,19 +1157,21 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t Z, std::size_t... I, std::size_t... J, std::size_t... R>
         struct fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<Z, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>, fixed_shape<R...>>
         {
-            using type = std::conditional_t<in<Z, J...>::value,
-                                            typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<Z - 1, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>,
-                                                                                    fixed_shape<R...>>::type,
-                                            typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<Z - 1, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>,
-                                                                                    fixed_shape<detail::at<Z, I...>::value, R...>>::type>;
+            using type = std::conditional_t<
+                in<Z, J...>::value,
+                typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<Z - 1, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>, fixed_shape<R...>>::type,
+                typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<
+                    Z - 1,
+                    fixed_shape<I...>,
+                    fixed_shape<J...>,
+                    fixed_shape<detail::at<Z, I...>::value, R...>>::type>;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t... I, std::size_t... J, std::size_t... R>
         struct fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<0, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>, fixed_shape<R...>>
         {
-            using type = std::conditional_t<in<0, J...>::value,
-                                            fixed_shape<R...>,
-                                            fixed_shape<detail::at<0, I...>::value, R...>>;
+            using type = std::
+                conditional_t<in<0, J...>::value, fixed_shape<R...>, fixed_shape<detail::at<0, I...>::value, R...>>;
         };
 
         /***************************
@@ -1073,7 +1187,6 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         using xreducer_size_type_t = typename xreducer_size_type<T>::type;
 
-
         template <class T>
         struct xreducer_temporary_type
         {
@@ -1118,13 +1231,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t... I, std::size_t... J>
     struct fixed_xreducer_shape_type<fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>
     {
-        using type = typename detail::fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<sizeof...(I) - 1,
-                                                                     fixed_shape<I...>,
-                                                                     fixed_shape<J...>,
-                                                                     fixed_shape<>>::type;
+        using type = typename detail::
+            fixed_xreducer_shape_type_impl<sizeof...(I) - 1, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>, fixed_shape<>>::type;
     };
 
-
     // meta-function returning the shape type for an xreducer
     template <class ST, class X, class O>
     struct xreducer_shape_type
@@ -1147,16 +1257,15 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t... I, class I2, std::size_t N2>
     struct xreducer_shape_type<fixed_shape<I...>, std::array<I2, N2>, std::false_type>
     {
-        using type = std::conditional_t<sizeof...(I) == N2,
-                                        fixed_shape<>,
-                                        std::array<I2, sizeof...(I) - N2>>;
+        using type = std::conditional_t<sizeof...(I) == N2, fixed_shape<>, std::array<I2, sizeof...(I) - N2>>;
     };
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <class S1, class S2> struct ixconcat;
+        template <class S1, class S2>
+        struct ixconcat;
 
-        template<class T, T... I1, T... I2>
+        template <class T, T... I1, T... I2>
         struct ixconcat<std::integer_sequence<T, I1...>, std::integer_sequence<T, I2...>>
         {
             using type = std::integer_sequence<T, I1..., I2...>;
@@ -1165,7 +1274,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, T X, std::size_t N>
         struct repeat_integer_sequence
         {
-            using type = typename ixconcat<std::integer_sequence<T, X>, typename repeat_integer_sequence<T, X, N - 1>::type>::type;
+            using type = typename ixconcat<
+                std::integer_sequence<T, X>,
+                typename repeat_integer_sequence<T, X, N - 1>::type>::type;
         };
 
         template <class T, T X>
@@ -1191,14 +1302,16 @@ namespace xt
     struct xreducer_shape_type<fixed_shape<I...>, std::array<I2, N2>, std::true_type>
     {
         template <std::size_t... X>
-        constexpr static auto get_type(std::index_sequence<X...>) {
+        constexpr static auto get_type(std::index_sequence<X...>)
+        {
             return fixed_shape<X...>{};
         }
 
         // if all axes reduced
-        using type = std::conditional_t<sizeof...(I) == N2,
-                                        decltype(get_type(typename detail::repeat_integer_sequence<std::size_t, std::size_t(1), N2>::type{})),
-                                        std::array<I2, sizeof...(I)>>;
+        using type = std::conditional_t<
+            sizeof...(I) == N2,
+            decltype(get_type(typename detail::repeat_integer_sequence<std::size_t, std::size_t(1), N2>::type{})),
+            std::array<I2, sizeof...(I)>>;
     };
 
     // Note adding "A" to prevent compilation in case nothing else matches
@@ -1211,10 +1324,8 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class S, class E, class X, class M>
-        inline void shape_and_mapping_computation(S& shape, E& e, const X& axes, M& mapping,
-                                                  std::false_type)
+        inline void shape_and_mapping_computation(S& shape, E& e, const X& axes, M& mapping, std::false_type)
         {
-
             auto first = e.shape().begin();
             auto last = e.shape().end();
             auto exclude_it = axes.begin();
@@ -1241,14 +1352,14 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             auto diff = std::distance(first, iter);
-            auto end  = std::distance(iter, last);
+            auto end = std::distance(iter, last);
             std::iota(map_first, map_first + end, diff);
             std::copy(iter, last, d_first);
         }
 
         template <class S, class E, class X, class M>
-        inline void shape_and_mapping_computation_keep_dim(S& shape, E& e, const X& axes, M& mapping,
-                                                           std::false_type)
+        inline void
+        shape_and_mapping_computation_keep_dim(S& shape, E& e, const X& axes, M& mapping, std::false_type)
         {
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < e.dimension(); ++i)
             {
@@ -1270,7 +1381,6 @@ namespace xt
         {
         }
 
-
         template <class S, class E, class X, class M>
         inline void shape_and_mapping_computation_keep_dim(S&, E&, const X&, M&, std::true_type)
         {
@@ -1301,14 +1411,20 @@ namespace xt
         , m_init(xt::get<1>(func))
         , m_merge(xt::get<2>(func))
         , m_axes(std::forward<AX>(axes))
-        , m_shape(xtl::make_sequence<inner_shape_type>(typename O::keep_dims() ? m_e.dimension() : m_e.dimension() - m_axes.size(), 0))
-        , m_dim_mapping(xtl::make_sequence<dim_mapping_type>(typename O::keep_dims() ? m_e.dimension() : m_e.dimension() - m_axes.size(), 0))
+        , m_shape(xtl::make_sequence<inner_shape_type>(
+              typename O::keep_dims() ? m_e.dimension() : m_e.dimension() - m_axes.size(),
+              0
+          ))
+        , m_dim_mapping(xtl::make_sequence<dim_mapping_type>(
+              typename O::keep_dims() ? m_e.dimension() : m_e.dimension() - m_axes.size(),
+              0
+          ))
         , m_options(std::forward<OX>(options))
     {
         // std::less is used, because as the standard says (24.4.5):
-        // A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparator comp if for any iterator i pointing to the sequence and any non-negative integer n
-        // such that i + n is a valid iterator pointing to an element of the sequence, comp(*(i + n), *i) == false.
-        // Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
+        // A sequence is sorted with respect to a comparator comp if for any iterator i pointing to the
+        // sequence and any non-negative integer n such that i + n is a valid iterator pointing to an element
+        // of the sequence, comp(*(i + n), *i) == false. Therefore less is required to detect duplicates.
         if (!std::is_sorted(m_axes.cbegin(), m_axes.cend(), std::less<>()))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Reducing axes should be sorted.");
@@ -1319,20 +1435,34 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if (m_axes.size() != 0 && m_axes[m_axes.size() - 1] > m_e.dimension() - 1)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                          "Axis " + std::to_string(m_axes[m_axes.size() - 1]) +
-                          " out of bounds for reduction.");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::runtime_error,
+                "Axis " + std::to_string(m_axes[m_axes.size() - 1]) + " out of bounds for reduction."
+            );
         }
 
         if (!typename O::keep_dims())
         {
-            detail::shape_and_mapping_computation(m_shape, m_e, m_axes, m_dim_mapping, detail::is_fixed<shape_type>{});
+            detail::shape_and_mapping_computation(
+                m_shape,
+                m_e,
+                m_axes,
+                m_dim_mapping,
+                detail::is_fixed<shape_type>{}
+            );
         }
         else
         {
-            detail::shape_and_mapping_computation_keep_dim(m_shape, m_e, m_axes, m_dim_mapping, detail::is_fixed<shape_type>{});
+            detail::shape_and_mapping_computation_keep_dim(
+                m_shape,
+                m_e,
+                m_axes,
+                m_dim_mapping,
+                detail::is_fixed<shape_type>{}
+            );
         }
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -1408,7 +1538,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xreducer<F, CT, X, O>::unchecked(Args... args) const -> const_reference
     {
-        std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Args)> arg_array = { { static_cast<std::size_t>(args)... } };
+        std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(Args)> arg_array = {{static_cast<std::size_t>(args)...}};
         return element(arg_array.cbegin(), arg_array.cend());
     }
 
@@ -1455,6 +1585,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -1485,6 +1616,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return false;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
@@ -1497,7 +1629,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
     template <class S>
-    inline auto xreducer<F, CT, X, O>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept -> const_stepper
+    inline auto xreducer<F, CT, X, O>::stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept
+        -> const_stepper
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(*this, offset, true, l);
@@ -1507,14 +1640,25 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xreducer<F, CT, X, O>::build_reducer(E&& e) const -> rebind_t<E>
     {
-        return rebind_t<E>(std::make_tuple(m_reduce, m_init, m_merge), std::forward<E>(e), axes_type(m_axes), m_options);
+        return rebind_t<E>(
+            std::make_tuple(m_reduce, m_init, m_merge),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axes_type(m_axes),
+            m_options
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
     template <class E, class Func, class Opts>
-    inline auto xreducer<F, CT, X, O>::build_reducer(E&& e, Func&& func, Opts&& opts) const -> rebind_t<E, Func, Opts>
-    {
-        return rebind_t<E, Func, Opts>(std::forward<Func>(func), std::forward<E>(e), axes_type(m_axes), std::forward<Opts>(opts));
+    inline auto xreducer<F, CT, X, O>::build_reducer(E&& e, Func&& func, Opts&& opts) const
+        -> rebind_t<E, Func, Opts>
+    {
+        return rebind_t<E, Func, Opts>(
+            std::forward<Func>(func),
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            axes_type(m_axes),
+            std::forward<Opts>(opts)
+        );
     }
 
     /***********************************
@@ -1522,9 +1666,15 @@ namespace xt
      ***********************************/
 
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
-    inline xreducer_stepper<F, CT, X, O>::xreducer_stepper(const xreducer_type& red, size_type offset, bool end, layout_type l)
-        : m_reducer(&red), m_offset(offset),
-          m_stepper(get_substepper_begin())
+    inline xreducer_stepper<F, CT, X, O>::xreducer_stepper(
+        const xreducer_type& red,
+        size_type offset,
+        bool end,
+        layout_type l
+    )
+        : m_reducer(&red)
+        , m_offset(offset)
+        , m_stepper(get_substepper_begin())
     {
         if (end)
         {
@@ -1582,7 +1732,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             // Because the reducer uses `reset` to reset the non-reducing axes,
             // we need to prevent that here for the KD case where.
-            if (typename O::keep_dims() && std::binary_search(m_reducer->m_axes.begin(), m_reducer->m_axes.end(), dim - m_offset))
+            if (typename O::keep_dims()
+                && std::binary_search(m_reducer->m_axes.begin(), m_reducer->m_axes.end(), dim - m_offset))
             {
                 // If keep dim activated, and dim is in the axes, do nothing!
                 return;
@@ -1597,7 +1748,8 @@ namespace xt
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
             // Note that for *not* KD this is not going to do anything
-            if (typename O::keep_dims() && std::binary_search(m_reducer->m_axes.begin(), m_reducer->m_axes.end(), dim - m_offset))
+            if (typename O::keep_dims()
+                && std::binary_search(m_reducer->m_axes.begin(), m_reducer->m_axes.end(), dim - m_offset))
             {
                 // If keep dim activated, and dim is in the axes, do nothing!
                 return;
@@ -1621,7 +1773,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
     inline auto xreducer_stepper<F, CT, X, O>::initial_value() const -> reference
     {
-        return O::has_initial_value ? m_reducer->m_options.initial_value : static_cast<reference>(m_reducer->m_init());
+        return O::has_initial_value ? m_reducer->m_options.initial_value
+                                    : static_cast<reference>(m_reducer->m_init());
     }
 
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
@@ -1708,7 +1861,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         else
         {
-            if  (dim < m_reducer->m_e.dimension())
+            if (dim < m_reducer->m_e.dimension())
             {
                 res = aggregate_impl(dim + 1, typename O::keep_dims());
             }
@@ -1716,7 +1869,6 @@ namespace xt
         return res;
     }
 
-
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
     inline auto xreducer_stepper<F, CT, X, O>::get_substepper_begin() const -> substepper_type
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index be69fa9f2..14b90f148 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XREPEAT
 #define XTENSOR_XREPEAT
 
-#include <vector>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xiterable.hpp"
 
-
 namespace xt
 {
     template <class CT, class R>
@@ -42,8 +41,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class CT, class X>
-        struct xrepeat_base
-            : xrepeat_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, X>
+        struct xrepeat_base : xrepeat_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, X>
         {
         };
 
@@ -66,7 +64,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         static constexpr bool is_const = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value;
 
-        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
+        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
             make_invalid_type<>>;
         using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const extract_storage_type, extract_storage_type>;
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename iterable_type::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_type::const_stepper;
 
-        template<class CTA>
+        template <class CTA>
         explicit xrepeat(CTA&& e, R&& repeats, size_type axis);
 
         using accessible_base::size;
@@ -173,12 +172,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <class Arg, class... Args>
         const_reference access(Arg arg, Args... args) const;
 
-        template<std::size_t I, class Arg, class... Args>
+        template <std::size_t I, class Arg, class... Args>
         const_reference access_impl(stepper&& s, Arg arg, Args... args) const;
 
-        template<std::size_t I>
+        template <std::size_t I>
         const_reference access_impl(stepper&& s) const;
-
     };
 
     /*******************
@@ -295,6 +293,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return false;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -371,6 +370,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return false;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class R>
@@ -448,15 +449,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class R>
-    template<std::size_t I, class Arg, class... Args>
+    template <std::size_t I, class Arg, class... Args>
     inline auto xrepeat<CT, R>::access_impl(stepper&& s, Arg arg, Args... args) const -> const_reference
     {
         s.step(I, static_cast<size_type>(arg));
-        return access_impl<I+1>(std::forward<stepper>(s), args...);
+        return access_impl<I + 1>(std::forward<stepper>(s), args...);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class R>
-    template<std::size_t I>
+    template <std::size_t I>
     inline auto xrepeat<CT, R>::access_impl(stepper&& s) const -> const_reference
     {
         return *s;
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ namespace xt
      * xrepeat_stepper implementation *
      **********************************/
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::xrepeat_stepper(S&& s, const shape_type& shape, const repeats_type& repeats, size_type axis)
         : m_substepper(std::forward<S>(s))
         , m_shape(shape)
@@ -475,15 +476,16 @@ namespace xt
         , m_subposition(0)
         , m_repeating_axis(axis)
         , m_repeats(repeats)
-    {}
+    {
+    }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline auto xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::operator*() const -> reference
     {
         return m_substepper.operator*();
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::step(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go)
     {
         if (m_positions[dim] + steps_to_go >= m_shape[dim])
@@ -508,7 +510,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::step_back(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go)
     {
         if (m_positions[dim] < steps_to_go)
@@ -533,7 +535,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::reset(size_type dim)
     {
         m_substepper.reset(dim);
@@ -545,7 +547,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::reset_back(size_type dim)
     {
         m_substepper.reset_back(dim);
@@ -557,7 +559,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::to_begin()
     {
         m_substepper.to_begin();
@@ -566,13 +568,19 @@ namespace xt
         m_repeating_steps = 0;
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::to_end(layout_type l)
     {
         m_substepper.to_end(l);
-        std::transform(m_shape.begin(), m_shape.end(), m_positions.begin(), [](auto value) {
-            return value - 1;
-        });
+        std::transform(
+            m_shape.begin(),
+            m_shape.end(),
+            m_positions.begin(),
+            [](auto value)
+            {
+                return value - 1;
+            }
+        );
         if (layout_type::row_major == l)
         {
             ++m_positions.front();
@@ -585,13 +593,13 @@ namespace xt
         m_repeating_steps = 0;
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::step_leading()
     {
         step(m_shape.size() - 1, 1);
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::make_step(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go)
     {
         if (steps_to_go > 0)
@@ -616,7 +624,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
+    template <class S, class R>
     inline void xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::make_step_back(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go)
     {
         if (steps_to_go > 0)
@@ -641,8 +649,9 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
-    inline auto xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::get_next_positions(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go) const -> std::vector<size_type>
+    template <class S, class R>
+    inline auto xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::get_next_positions(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go) const
+        -> std::vector<size_type>
     {
         size_type next_position_for_dim = m_positions[dim] + steps_to_go;
         if (dim > 0)
@@ -665,8 +674,9 @@ namespace xt
         return next_positions;
     }
 
-    template<class S, class R>
-    inline auto xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::get_next_positions_back(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go) const -> std::vector<size_type>
+    template <class S, class R>
+    inline auto xrepeat_stepper<S, R>::get_next_positions_back(size_type dim, size_type steps_to_go) const
+        -> std::vector<size_type>
     {
         auto next_position_for_dim = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(m_positions[dim] - steps_to_go);
         if (dim > 0)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
index 89ff8d8dd..8d6e166fb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_SCALAR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_SCALAR_HPP
@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         using accessible_base::at;
         using accessible_base::operator[];
-        using accessible_base::periodic;
-        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
-        using accessible_base::front;
         using accessible_base::back;
+        using accessible_base::front;
+        using accessible_base::in_bounds;
+        using accessible_base::periodic;
 
         template <class It>
         reference element(It, It) noexcept;
@@ -288,10 +288,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class align, class simd = simd_value_type>
         void store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
-        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
-        xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>
-        load_simd(size_type i) const;
+        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type, std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
+        xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type> load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
     private:
 
@@ -355,17 +353,12 @@ namespace xt
     public:
 
         using self_type = xscalar_stepper<is_const, CT>;
-        using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                const xscalar<CT>,
-                                                xscalar<CT>>;
+        using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const xscalar<CT>, xscalar<CT>>;
 
         using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
-        using reference = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                             typename storage_type::const_reference,
-                                             typename storage_type::reference>;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename storage_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename storage_type::pointer>;
+        using reference = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename storage_type::const_reference, typename storage_type::reference>;
+        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const, typename storage_type::const_pointer, typename storage_type::pointer>;
         using size_type = typename storage_type::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename storage_type::difference_type;
         using shape_type = typename storage_type::shape_type;
@@ -402,30 +395,26 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <bool is_const, class CT>
-        using dummy_reference_t = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                     typename xscalar<CT>::const_reference,
-                                                     typename xscalar<CT>::reference>;
+        using dummy_reference_t = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename xscalar<CT>::const_reference, typename xscalar<CT>::reference>;
 
         template <bool is_const, class CT>
-        using dummy_pointer_t = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                   typename xscalar<CT>::const_pointer,
-                                                   typename xscalar<CT>::pointer>;
+        using dummy_pointer_t = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename xscalar<CT>::const_pointer, typename xscalar<CT>::pointer>;
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT>
-    class xdummy_iterator
-        : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>,
-                                                   typename xscalar<CT>::value_type,
-                                                   typename xscalar<CT>::difference_type,
-                                                   detail::dummy_pointer_t<is_const, CT>,
-                                                   detail::dummy_reference_t<is_const, CT>>
+    class xdummy_iterator : public xtl::xrandom_access_iterator_base<
+                                xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>,
+                                typename xscalar<CT>::value_type,
+                                typename xscalar<CT>::difference_type,
+                                detail::dummy_pointer_t<is_const, CT>,
+                                detail::dummy_reference_t<is_const, CT>>
     {
     public:
 
         using self_type = xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>;
-        using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                const xscalar<CT>,
-                                                xscalar<CT>>;
+        using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const xscalar<CT>, xscalar<CT>>;
 
         using value_type = typename storage_type::value_type;
         using reference = detail::dummy_reference_t<is_const, CT>;
@@ -454,12 +443,11 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT>
-    bool operator==(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs,
-                    const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept;
+    bool
+    operator==(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs, const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept;
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT>
-    bool operator<(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs,
-                   const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept;
+    bool operator<(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs, const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept;
 
     template <class T>
     struct is_not_xdummy_iterator : std::true_type
@@ -714,8 +702,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /*****************************
-    * Broadcasting iterator api *
-    *****************************/
+     * Broadcasting iterator api *
+     *****************************/
 
     template <class CT>
     template <class S, layout_type L>
@@ -1093,15 +1081,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT>
-    inline bool operator==(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs,
-                           const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs, const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept
     {
         return lhs.equal(rhs);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT>
-    inline bool operator<(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs,
-                          const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& lhs, const xdummy_iterator<is_const, CT>& rhs) noexcept
     {
         return lhs.less_than(rhs);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
index c06e3f335..41f14951c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_SEMANTIC_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_SEMANTIC_HPP
@@ -40,9 +40,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class D>
-    using select_expression_base_t = std::conditional_t<detail::is_sharable<D>::value,
-                                                        xsharable_expression<D>,
-                                                        xexpression<D>>;
+    using select_expression_base_t = std::
+        conditional_t<detail::is_sharable<D>::value, xsharable_expression<D>, xexpression<D>>;
 
     /**
      * @class xsemantic_base
@@ -471,6 +470,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return this->derived_cast() = this->derived_cast() ^ e.derived_cast();
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -737,10 +737,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xview_semantic<D>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& rhs) -> derived_type&
     {
-        bool cond = (rhs.derived_cast().shape().size() == this->derived_cast().dimension()) &&
-            std::equal(this->derived_cast().shape().begin(),
-                       this->derived_cast().shape().end(),
-                       rhs.derived_cast().shape().begin());
+        bool cond = (rhs.derived_cast().shape().size() == this->derived_cast().dimension())
+                    && std::equal(
+                        this->derived_cast().shape().begin(),
+                        this->derived_cast().shape().end(),
+                        rhs.derived_cast().shape().begin()
+                    );
 
         if (!cond)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
index 1b741b15d..5554e22ef 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XSET_OPERATION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_XSET_OPERATION_HPP
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xfunction.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "xmath.hpp"
 #include "xscalar.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
+#include "xstrides.hpp"
+#include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ namespace xt
             template <class E>
             static auto make(E&& e)
             {
-                return [&e](const auto& t) { return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
+                return [&e](const auto& t)
+                {
+                    return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end();
+                };
             }
         };
 
@@ -45,7 +48,10 @@ namespace xt
             template <class E>
             static auto make(E&& e)
             {
-                return [e](const auto& t) { return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end(); };
+                return [e](const auto& t)
+                {
+                    return std::find(e.begin(), e.end(), t) != e.end();
+                };
             }
         };
 
@@ -64,8 +70,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class T>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, std::initializer_list<T> test_elements) noexcept
     {
-        auto lambda = [test_elements](const auto& t) {
-            return std::find(test_elements.begin(), test_elements.end(), t) != test_elements.end(); };
+        auto lambda = [test_elements](const auto& t)
+        {
+            return std::find(test_elements.begin(), test_elements.end(), t) != test_elements.end();
+        };
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
     }
 
@@ -82,7 +90,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
     {
-        auto lambda = detail::lambda_isin<std::is_lvalue_reference<F>::value>::make(std::forward<F>(test_elements));
+        auto lambda = detail::lambda_isin<std::is_lvalue_reference<F>::value>::make(std::forward<F>(test_elements
+        ));
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
     }
 
@@ -100,8 +109,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class I, class = typename std::enable_if_t<is_iterator<I>::value>>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
-        auto lambda = [&test_elements_begin, &test_elements_end](const auto& t) {
-            return std::find(test_elements_begin, test_elements_end, t) != test_elements_end; };
+        auto lambda = [&test_elements_begin, &test_elements_end](const auto& t)
+        {
+            return std::find(test_elements_begin, test_elements_end, t) != test_elements_end;
+        };
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(lambda), std::forward<E>(element));
     }
 
@@ -155,7 +166,11 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
-        return isin(std::forward<E>(element), std::forward<I>(test_elements_begin), std::forward<I>(test_elements_end));
+        return isin(
+            std::forward<E>(element),
+            std::forward<I>(test_elements_begin),
+            std::forward<I>(test_elements_end)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
index 6589ca65f..a881c984c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XSHAPE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_XSHAPE_HPP
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R, class T>
     constexpr R shape(T t);
 
-    template<class R = std::size_t, class T, std::size_t N>
-    xt::static_shape<R, N> shape(const T(&aList)[N]);
+    template <class R = std::size_t, class T, std::size_t N>
+    xt::static_shape<R, N> shape(const T (&aList)[N]);
 
     template <class S>
     struct static_dimension;
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class S>
     inline bool has_shape(const E& e, std::initializer_list<S> shape) noexcept
     {
-        return e.shape().size() == shape.size() && std::equal(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cend(), shape.begin());
+        return e.shape().size() == shape.size()
+               && std::equal(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cend(), shape.begin());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -143,7 +144,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class S, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<S>::value>>
     inline bool has_shape(const E& e, const S& shape)
     {
-        return e.shape().size() == shape.size() && std::equal(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cend(), shape.begin());
+        return e.shape().size() == shape.size()
+               && std::equal(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cend(), shape.begin());
     }
 
     /*************************
@@ -208,12 +210,16 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R, class T>
     constexpr R shape(T t)
     {
-        return detail::initializer_shape<R, decltype(t)>(t, std::make_index_sequence<initializer_dimension<decltype(t)>::value>());
+        return detail::initializer_shape<R, decltype(t)>(
+            t,
+            std::make_index_sequence<initializer_dimension<decltype(t)>::value>()
+        );
     }
 
     /** @brief Generate an xt::static_shape of the given size. */
-    template<class R, class T, std::size_t N>
-    xt::static_shape<R, N> shape(const T(&list)[N]) {
+    template <class R, class T, std::size_t N>
+    xt::static_shape<R, N> shape(const T (&list)[N])
+    {
         xt::static_shape<R, N> shape;
         std::copy(std::begin(list), std::end(list), std::begin(shape));
         return shape;
@@ -257,7 +263,8 @@ namespace xt
     struct select_layout
     {
         constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t static_dimension = xt::static_dimension<S>::value;
-        constexpr static bool is_any = static_dimension != -1 && static_dimension <= 1 && L != layout_type::dynamic;
+        constexpr static bool is_any = static_dimension != -1 && static_dimension <= 1
+                                       && L != layout_type::dynamic;
         constexpr static layout_type value = is_any ? layout_type::any : L;
     };
 
@@ -284,7 +291,8 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T, class... Ts>
-        struct max_array_size<T, Ts...> : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, imax(std::tuple_size<T>::value, max_array_size<Ts...>::value)>
+        struct max_array_size<T, Ts...>
+            : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, imax(std::tuple_size<T>::value, max_array_size<Ts...>::value)>
         {
         };
 
@@ -308,16 +316,16 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t JX, std::size_t... I, std::size_t... J>
         struct broadcast_fixed_shape_cmp_impl<JX, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>
         {
-            //We line the shapes up from the last index
-            //IX may underflow, thus being a very large number
+            // We line the shapes up from the last index
+            // IX may underflow, thus being a very large number
             static constexpr std::size_t IX = JX - (sizeof...(J) - sizeof...(I));
 
-            //Out of bounds access gives value 0
+            // Out of bounds access gives value 0
             static constexpr std::size_t I_v = at<IX, I...>::value;
             static constexpr std::size_t J_v = at<JX, J...>::value;
 
             // we're statically checking if the broadcast shapes are either one on either of them or equal
-            static_assert(!I_v ||  I_v == 1 || J_v == 1 || J_v == I_v, "broadcast shapes do not match.");
+            static_assert(!I_v || I_v == 1 || J_v == 1 || J_v == I_v, "broadcast shapes do not match.");
 
             static constexpr std::size_t ordinate = (I_v > J_v) ? I_v : J_v;
             static constexpr bool value = (I_v == J_v);
@@ -326,10 +334,12 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t... JX, std::size_t... I, std::size_t... J>
         struct broadcast_fixed_shape_impl<std::index_sequence<JX...>, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>
         {
-            static_assert(sizeof... (J) >= sizeof... (I), "broadcast shapes do not match.");
+            static_assert(sizeof...(J) >= sizeof...(I), "broadcast shapes do not match.");
 
-            using type = xt::fixed_shape<broadcast_fixed_shape_cmp_impl<JX, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>::ordinate...>;
-            static constexpr bool value = xtl::conjunction<broadcast_fixed_shape_cmp_impl<JX, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>...>::value;
+            using type = xt::fixed_shape<
+                broadcast_fixed_shape_cmp_impl<JX, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>::ordinate...>;
+            static constexpr bool value = xtl::conjunction<
+                broadcast_fixed_shape_cmp_impl<JX, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>...>::value;
         };
 
         /* broadcast_fixed_shape<fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>
@@ -340,7 +350,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <std::size_t... I, std::size_t... J>
         struct broadcast_fixed_shape<fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>
-            : broadcast_fixed_shape_impl<std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(J)>, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>> {};
+            : broadcast_fixed_shape_impl<std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(J)>, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>
+        {
+        };
 
         // Simple is_array and only_array meta-functions
         template <class S>
@@ -361,8 +373,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <std::size_t... N>
-        struct is_fixed<fixed_shape<N...>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_fixed<fixed_shape<N...>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
@@ -381,10 +392,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... S>
         using only_array = xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_array<S>, is_fixed<S>>...>;
 
-        // test that at least one argument is a fixed shape. If yes, then either argument has to be fixed or scalar
+        // test that at least one argument is a fixed shape. If yes, then either argument has to be fixed or
+        // scalar
         template <class... S>
-        using only_fixed = std::integral_constant<bool, xtl::disjunction<is_fixed<S>...>::value &&
-                                                        xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_fixed<S>, is_scalar_shape<S>>...>::value>;
+        using only_fixed = std::integral_constant<
+            bool,
+            xtl::disjunction<is_fixed<S>...>::value
+                && xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_fixed<S>, is_scalar_shape<S>>...>::value>;
 
         template <class... S>
         using all_fixed = xtl::conjunction<is_fixed<S>...>;
@@ -396,7 +410,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... S>
         struct promote_array
         {
-            using type = std::array<typename std::common_type<typename S::value_type...>::type, max_array_size<S...>::value>;
+            using type = std::
+                array<typename std::common_type<typename S::value_type...>::type, max_array_size<S...>::value>;
         };
 
         template <>
@@ -421,7 +436,9 @@ namespace xt
         using filter_scalar_t = typename filter_scalar<S>::type;
 
         template <class... S>
-        struct promote_fixed : promote_fixed<filter_scalar_t<S>...> {};
+        struct promote_fixed : promote_fixed<filter_scalar_t<S>...>
+        {
+        };
 
         template <std::size_t... I>
         struct promote_fixed<fixed_shape<I...>>
@@ -435,7 +452,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
         private:
 
-            using intermediate = std::conditional_t< (sizeof... (I) > sizeof... (J)),
+            using intermediate = std::conditional_t<
+                (sizeof...(I) > sizeof...(J)),
                 broadcast_fixed_shape<fixed_shape<J...>, fixed_shape<I...>>,
                 broadcast_fixed_shape<fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>>;
             using result = promote_fixed<typename intermediate::type, S...>;
@@ -450,7 +468,9 @@ namespace xt
         struct select_promote_index;
 
         template <class... S>
-        struct select_promote_index<true, true, S...> : promote_fixed<S...> {};
+        struct select_promote_index<true, true, S...> : promote_fixed<S...>
+        {
+        };
 
         template <>
         struct select_promote_index<true, true>
@@ -460,7 +480,9 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class... S>
-        struct select_promote_index<false, true, S...> : promote_array<S...> {};
+        struct select_promote_index<false, true, S...> : promote_array<S...>
+        {
+        };
 
         template <class... S>
         struct select_promote_index<false, false, S...>
@@ -469,7 +491,9 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class... S>
-        struct promote_index : select_promote_index<only_fixed<S...>::value, only_array<S...>::value, S...> {};
+        struct promote_index : select_promote_index<only_fixed<S...>::value, only_array<S...>::value, S...>
+        {
+        };
 
         template <class T>
         struct index_from_shape_impl
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
index 2e3aef65b..b5743f671 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_SLICE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_SLICE_HPP
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <map>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
-#include <map>
 
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
 #include "xutils.hpp"
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR
-    #if(defined(_MSC_VER) || __GNUC__ < 8)
-        #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR inline
-        #define XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR static const
-    #else
-        #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR constexpr
-        #define XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR constexpr
-    #endif
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) || __GNUC__ < 8)
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR inline
+#define XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR static const
+#else
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#define XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#endif
 #endif
 
 namespace xt
@@ -80,9 +80,20 @@ namespace xt
         return NAME();                              \
     }
 
-    struct xall_tag { DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(xall_tag) };
-    struct xnewaxis_tag { DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(xnewaxis_tag) };
-    struct xellipsis_tag { DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(xellipsis_tag) };
+    struct xall_tag
+    {
+        DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(xall_tag)
+    };
+
+    struct xnewaxis_tag
+    {
+        DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(xnewaxis_tag)
+    };
+
+    struct xellipsis_tag
+    {
+        DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(xellipsis_tag)
+    };
 
 #undef DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION
 
@@ -368,7 +379,8 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class T>
-        using disable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
+        using disable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<
+            !xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
             xkeep_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>>;
 
         template <class T, class R>
@@ -400,7 +412,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using slice_type = xkeep_slice<R>;
         using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
-        container_type tmp = { static_cast<R>(i) };
+        container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(i)};
         return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
     }
 
@@ -409,7 +421,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using slice_type = xkeep_slice<R>;
         using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
-        container_type tmp = { static_cast<R>(i0), static_cast<R>(i1), static_cast<R>(args)... };
+        container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(i0), static_cast<R>(i1), static_cast<R>(args)...};
         return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
     }
 
@@ -492,8 +504,9 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class T>
-        using disable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
-                                     xdrop_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>>;
+        using disable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<
+            !xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
+            xdrop_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>>;
 
         template <class T, class R>
         using enable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xdrop_slice<R>>;
@@ -523,7 +536,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using slice_type = xdrop_slice<R>;
         using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
-        container_type tmp = { static_cast<R>(i) };
+        container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(i)};
         return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
     }
 
@@ -532,7 +545,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using slice_type = xdrop_slice<R>;
         using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
-        container_type tmp = { static_cast<R>(i0), static_cast<R>(i1), static_cast<R>(args)... };
+        container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(i0), static_cast<R>(i1), static_cast<R>(args)...};
         return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
     }
 
@@ -544,35 +557,34 @@ namespace xt
     struct xrange_adaptor
     {
         xrange_adaptor(A start_val, B stop_val, C step)
-            : m_start(start_val), m_stop(stop_val), m_step(step)
+            : m_start(start_val)
+            , m_stop(stop_val)
+            , m_step(step)
         {
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             return get_stepped_range(m_start, m_stop, m_step, size);
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             return get_stepped_range(m_step > 0 ? 0 : static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) - 1, m_stop, m_step, size);
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             auto sz = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size);
@@ -580,20 +592,18 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(normalize(m_start, size), normalize(m_stop, size));
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             std::ptrdiff_t start = m_step >= 0 ? 0 : static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) - 1;
@@ -602,38 +612,46 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(normalize(m_start, size), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size));
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(0, normalize(m_stop, size));
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value &&
-                                !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-                                xall<std::ptrdiff_t>>
+        inline std::enable_if_t<
+            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
+            xall<std::ptrdiff_t>>
         get(std::size_t size) const
         {
             return xall<std::ptrdiff_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size));
         }
 
-        A start() const { return m_start; }
-        B stop()  const { return m_stop;  }
-        C step()  const { return m_step;  }
+        A start() const
+        {
+            return m_start;
+        }
+
+        B stop() const
+        {
+            return m_stop;
+        }
+
+        C step() const
+        {
+            return m_step;
+        }
 
     private:
 
@@ -644,7 +662,8 @@ namespace xt
             return (std::max)(std::ptrdiff_t(0), (std::min)(size, val));
         }
 
-        static auto get_stepped_range(std::ptrdiff_t start, std::ptrdiff_t stop, std::ptrdiff_t step, std::size_t ssize)
+        static auto
+        get_stepped_range(std::ptrdiff_t start, std::ptrdiff_t stop, std::ptrdiff_t step, std::size_t ssize)
         {
             std::ptrdiff_t size = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(ssize);
             start = (start >= 0) ? start : start + size;
@@ -653,12 +672,12 @@ namespace xt
             if (step > 0)
             {
                 start = (std::max)(std::ptrdiff_t(0), (std::min)(size, start));
-                stop  = (std::max)(std::ptrdiff_t(0), (std::min)(size, stop));
+                stop = (std::max)(std::ptrdiff_t(0), (std::min)(size, stop));
             }
             else
             {
                 start = (std::max)(std::ptrdiff_t(-1), (std::min)(size - 1, start));
-                stop  = (std::max)(std::ptrdiff_t(-1), (std::min)(size - 1, stop));
+                stop = (std::max)(std::ptrdiff_t(-1), (std::min)(size - 1, stop));
             }
 
             return xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>(start, stop, step);
@@ -676,12 +695,14 @@ namespace xt
     namespace placeholders
     {
         // xtensor universal placeholder
-        struct xtuph {};
+        struct xtuph
+        {
+        };
 
         template <class... Args>
         struct rangemaker
         {
-            std::ptrdiff_t rng[3]; // = { 0, 0, 0 };
+            std::ptrdiff_t rng[3];  // = { 0, 0, 0 };
         };
 
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR xtuph get_tuph_or_val(std::ptrdiff_t /*val*/, std::true_type)
@@ -699,14 +720,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR operator xrange_adaptor<A, B, C>()
             {
-                return xrange_adaptor<A, B, C>({
-                    get_tuph_or_val(rng[0], std::is_same<A, xtuph>()),
-                    get_tuph_or_val(rng[1], std::is_same<B, xtuph>()),
-                    get_tuph_or_val(rng[2], std::is_same<C, xtuph>())
-                });
+                return xrange_adaptor<A, B, C>(
+                    {get_tuph_or_val(rng[0], std::is_same<A, xtuph>()),
+                     get_tuph_or_val(rng[1], std::is_same<B, xtuph>()),
+                     get_tuph_or_val(rng[2], std::is_same<C, xtuph>())}
+                );
             }
 
-            std::ptrdiff_t rng[3];// = { 0, 0, 0 };
+            std::ptrdiff_t rng[3];  // = { 0, 0, 0 };
         };
 
         template <class A, class B>
@@ -714,11 +735,11 @@ namespace xt
         {
             XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR operator xrange_adaptor<A, B, xt::placeholders::xtuph>()
             {
-                return xrange_adaptor<A, B, xt::placeholders::xtuph>({
-                    get_tuph_or_val(rng[0], std::is_same<A, xtuph>()),
-                    get_tuph_or_val(rng[1], std::is_same<B, xtuph>()),
-                    xtuph()
-                });
+                return xrange_adaptor<A, B, xt::placeholders::xtuph>(
+                    {get_tuph_or_val(rng[0], std::is_same<A, xtuph>()),
+                     get_tuph_or_val(rng[1], std::is_same<B, xtuph>()),
+                     xtuph()}
+                );
             }
 
             std::ptrdiff_t rng[3];  // = { 0, 0, 0 };
@@ -727,7 +748,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... OA>
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR auto operator|(const rangemaker<OA...>& rng, const std::ptrdiff_t& t)
         {
-            auto nrng = rangemaker<OA..., std::ptrdiff_t>({ rng.rng[0], rng.rng[1], rng.rng[2] });
+            auto nrng = rangemaker<OA..., std::ptrdiff_t>({rng.rng[0], rng.rng[1], rng.rng[2]});
             nrng.rng[sizeof...(OA)] = t;
             return nrng;
         }
@@ -735,13 +756,12 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... OA>
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR auto operator|(const rangemaker<OA...>& rng, const xt::placeholders::xtuph& /*t*/)
         {
-            auto nrng = rangemaker<OA..., xt::placeholders::xtuph>({ rng.rng[0], rng.rng[1], rng.rng[2] });
+            auto nrng = rangemaker<OA..., xt::placeholders::xtuph>({rng.rng[0], rng.rng[1], rng.rng[2]});
             return nrng;
         }
 
-
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xtuph _{};
-        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR rangemaker<> _r = rangemaker<>({ 0, 0, 0 });
+        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR rangemaker<> _r = rangemaker<>({0, 0, 0});
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xall_tag _a{};
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xnewaxis_tag _n{};
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xellipsis_tag _e{};
@@ -798,7 +818,10 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto range(A start_val, B stop_val)
     {
         return xrange_adaptor<detail::cast_if_integer_t<A>, detail::cast_if_integer_t<B>, placeholders::xtuph>(
-            detail::cast_if_integer<A>{}(start_val), detail::cast_if_integer<B>{}(stop_val), placeholders::xtuph());
+            detail::cast_if_integer<A>{}(start_val),
+            detail::cast_if_integer<B>{}(stop_val),
+            placeholders::xtuph()
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -816,7 +839,10 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto range(A start_val, B stop_val, C step)
     {
         return xrange_adaptor<detail::cast_if_integer_t<A>, detail::cast_if_integer_t<B>, detail::cast_if_integer_t<C>>(
-            detail::cast_if_integer<A>{}(start_val), detail::cast_if_integer<B>{}(stop_val), detail::cast_if_integer<C>{}(step));
+            detail::cast_if_integer<A>{}(start_val),
+            detail::cast_if_integer<B>{}(stop_val),
+            detail::cast_if_integer<C>{}(step)
+        );
     }
 
     /******************************************************
@@ -907,7 +933,8 @@ namespace xt
             inline decltype(auto) get_slice(E& e, SL&& slice, std::size_t index, std::true_type) const
             {
                 using int_type = std::decay_t<SL>;
-                return slice < int_type(0) ? slice + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(e.shape(index)) : std::ptrdiff_t(slice);
+                return slice < int_type(0) ? slice + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(e.shape(index))
+                                           : std::ptrdiff_t(slice);
             }
         };
 
@@ -928,14 +955,12 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct slice_implementation_getter<xkeep_slice<T>>
-            : keep_drop_getter
+        struct slice_implementation_getter<xkeep_slice<T>> : keep_drop_getter
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct slice_implementation_getter<xdrop_slice<T>>
-            : keep_drop_getter
+        struct slice_implementation_getter<xdrop_slice<T>> : keep_drop_getter
         {
         };
 
@@ -1033,7 +1058,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     inline xrange<T>::xrange(size_type start_val, size_type stop_val) noexcept
-        : m_start(start_val), m_size(stop_val > start_val ? stop_val - start_val: 0)
+        : m_start(start_val)
+        , m_size(stop_val > start_val ? stop_val - start_val : 0)
     {
     }
 
@@ -1108,7 +1134,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     inline xstepped_range<T>::xstepped_range(size_type start_val, size_type stop_val, size_type step) noexcept
-        : m_start(start_val), m_size(size_type(0)), m_step(step)
+        : m_start(start_val)
+        , m_size(size_type(0))
+        , m_step(step)
     {
         size_type n = stop_val - start_val;
         m_size = n / step + (((n < 0) ^ (step > 0)) && (n % step));
@@ -1340,8 +1368,15 @@ namespace xt
     inline xkeep_slice<T>::xkeep_slice(std::initializer_list<S> t)
         : m_raw_indices(t.size())
     {
-        std::transform(t.begin(), t.end(), m_raw_indices.begin(),
-            [](auto t) { return static_cast<size_type>(t); });
+        std::transform(
+            t.begin(),
+            t.end(),
+            m_raw_indices.begin(),
+            [](auto t)
+            {
+                return static_cast<size_type>(t);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T>
@@ -1353,10 +1388,24 @@ namespace xt
         us_type sz = static_cast<us_type>(size());
         ret.m_raw_indices.resize(sz);
         ret.m_indices.resize(sz);
-        std::transform(m_raw_indices.cbegin(), m_raw_indices.cend(), ret.m_raw_indices.begin(),
-                       [](const T& val) { return static_cast<S>(val); });
-        std::transform(m_indices.cbegin(), m_indices.cend(), ret.m_indices.begin(),
-                       [](const T& val) { return static_cast<S>(val); });
+        std::transform(
+            m_raw_indices.cbegin(),
+            m_raw_indices.cend(),
+            ret.m_raw_indices.begin(),
+            [](const T& val)
+            {
+                return static_cast<S>(val);
+            }
+        );
+        std::transform(
+            m_indices.cbegin(),
+            m_indices.cend(),
+            ret.m_indices.begin(),
+            [](const T& val)
+            {
+                return static_cast<S>(val);
+            }
+        );
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -1374,16 +1423,15 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t sz = m_indices.size();
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
         {
-            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<size_type>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i] : m_raw_indices[i];
+            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<size_type>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i]
+                                                : m_raw_indices[i];
         }
     }
 
     template <class T>
     inline auto xkeep_slice<T>::operator()(size_type i) const noexcept -> size_type
     {
-        return m_indices.size() == size_type(1) ?
-               m_indices.front() :
-               m_indices[static_cast<std::size_t>(i)];
+        return m_indices.size() == size_type(1) ? m_indices.front() : m_indices[static_cast<std::size_t>(i)];
     }
 
     template <class T>
@@ -1419,8 +1467,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         else
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                          "Index i (" + std::to_string(i) + ") not in indices of islice.");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Index i (" + std::to_string(i) + ") not in indices of islice.");
         }
     }
 
@@ -1464,8 +1511,15 @@ namespace xt
     inline xdrop_slice<T>::xdrop_slice(std::initializer_list<S> t)
         : m_raw_indices(t.size())
     {
-        std::transform(t.begin(), t.end(), m_raw_indices.begin(),
-            [](auto t) { return static_cast<size_type>(t); });
+        std::transform(
+            t.begin(),
+            t.end(),
+            m_raw_indices.begin(),
+            [](auto t)
+            {
+                return static_cast<size_type>(t);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class T>
@@ -1475,12 +1529,33 @@ namespace xt
         xdrop_slice<S> ret;
         ret.m_raw_indices.resize(m_raw_indices.size());
         ret.m_indices.resize(m_indices.size());
-        std::transform(m_raw_indices.cbegin(), m_raw_indices.cend(), ret.m_raw_indices.begin(),
-                       [](const T& val) { return static_cast<S>(val); });
-        std::transform(m_indices.cbegin(), m_indices.cend(), ret.m_indices.begin(),
-                       [](const T& val) { return static_cast<S>(val); });
-        std::transform(m_inc.cbegin(), m_inc.cend(), std::inserter(ret.m_inc, ret.m_inc.begin()),
-            [](const auto& val) { return std::make_pair(static_cast<S>(val.first), static_cast<S>(val.second)); });
+        std::transform(
+            m_raw_indices.cbegin(),
+            m_raw_indices.cend(),
+            ret.m_raw_indices.begin(),
+            [](const T& val)
+            {
+                return static_cast<S>(val);
+            }
+        );
+        std::transform(
+            m_indices.cbegin(),
+            m_indices.cend(),
+            ret.m_indices.begin(),
+            [](const T& val)
+            {
+                return static_cast<S>(val);
+            }
+        );
+        std::transform(
+            m_inc.cbegin(),
+            m_inc.cend(),
+            std::inserter(ret.m_inc, ret.m_inc.begin()),
+            [](const auto& val)
+            {
+                return std::make_pair(static_cast<S>(val.first), static_cast<S>(val.second));
+            }
+        );
         ret.m_size = static_cast<S>(m_size);
         return ret;
     }
@@ -1501,7 +1576,8 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t sz = m_indices.size();
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
         {
-            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<size_type>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i] : m_raw_indices[i];
+            m_indices[i] = m_raw_indices[i] < 0 ? static_cast<size_type>(shape) + m_raw_indices[i]
+                                                : m_raw_indices[i];
         }
         size_type cum = size_type(0);
         size_type prev_cum = cum;
@@ -1544,7 +1620,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (i + n >= static_cast<std::size_t>(m_size))
         {
-            return (*this)(static_cast<size_type>(m_size-1)) - (*this)(static_cast<size_type>(i)) + 1;
+            return (*this)(static_cast<size_type>(m_size - 1)) - (*this)(static_cast<size_type>(i)) + 1;
         }
         else
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 59dcd4eee..389a3c1fd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_SORT_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_SORT_HPP
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 
 #include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xeval.hpp"
-#include "xslice.hpp"  // for xnone
 #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xslice.hpp"  // for xnone
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 
@@ -45,17 +45,26 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (ev.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
             {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(ev.shape().begin(), ev.shape().end() - 1,
-                                          std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-                secondary_stride = adjust_secondary_stride(ev.strides()[ev.dimension() - 2],
-                                                           *(ev.shape().end() - 1));
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    ev.shape().begin(),
+                    ev.shape().end() - 1,
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
+                secondary_stride = adjust_secondary_stride(
+                    ev.strides()[ev.dimension() - 2],
+                    *(ev.shape().end() - 1)
+                );
             }
             else
             {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(ev.shape().begin() + 1, ev.shape().end(),
-                                          std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
-                secondary_stride = adjust_secondary_stride(ev.strides()[1],
-                                                           *(ev.shape().begin()));
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    ev.shape().begin() + 1,
+                    ev.shape().end(),
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
+                secondary_stride = adjust_secondary_stride(ev.strides()[1], *(ev.shape().begin()));
             }
 
             std::ptrdiff_t offset = 0;
@@ -146,8 +155,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class VT>
-        struct flatten_sort_result_type
-            : flatten_sort_result_type_impl<common_tensor_type_t<VT>>
+        struct flatten_sort_result_type : flatten_sort_result_type_impl<common_tensor_type_t<VT>>
         {
         };
 
@@ -215,7 +223,15 @@ namespace xt
         std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
 
         eval_type res;
-        detail::run_lambda_over_axis(de, res, ax, [](auto begin, auto end) { std::sort(begin, end); });
+        detail::run_lambda_over_axis(
+            de,
+            res,
+            ax,
+            [](auto begin, auto end)
+            {
+                std::sort(begin, end);
+            }
+        );
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -266,15 +282,15 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         struct argsort_result_type
         {
-            using type = typename rebind_value_type<typename T::temporary_type::size_type,
-                                                    typename T::temporary_type>::type;
+            using type = typename rebind_value_type<typename T::temporary_type::size_type, typename T::temporary_type>::type;
         };
 
         template <class T>
         struct linear_argsort_result_type
         {
-            using type = typename flatten_rebind_value_type<typename T::temporary_type::size_type,
-                                                            typename T::temporary_type>::type;
+            using type = typename flatten_rebind_value_type<
+                typename T::temporary_type::size_type,
+                typename T::temporary_type>::type;
         };
 
         template <class Ed, class Ei>
@@ -285,15 +301,23 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (data.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
             {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin(), data.shape().end() - 1,
-                                          std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    data.shape().begin(),
+                    data.shape().end() - 1,
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
                 data_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data.shape(data.dimension() - 1));
                 inds_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(inds.shape(inds.dimension() - 1));
             }
             else
             {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin() + 1, data.shape().end(),
-                                          std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    data.shape().begin() + 1,
+                    data.shape().end(),
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
                 data_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data.shape(0));
                 inds_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(inds.shape(0));
             }
@@ -301,9 +325,11 @@ namespace xt
             auto ptr = data.data();
             auto indices_ptr = inds.data();
 
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters; ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters;
+                 ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
             {
-                auto comp = [&ptr](std::size_t x, std::size_t y) {
+                auto comp = [&ptr](std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
+                {
                     return *(ptr + x) < *(ptr + y);
                 };
                 std::iota(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + inds_secondary_stride, 0);
@@ -323,7 +349,8 @@ namespace xt
             using result_type = R;
             result_type result;
             result.resize({de.size()});
-            auto comp = [&ad](std::size_t x, std::size_t y) {
+            auto comp = [&ad](std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
+            {
                 return ad[x] < ad[y];
             };
             std::iota(result.begin(), result.end(), 0);
@@ -405,30 +432,34 @@ namespace xt
      * xt::xarray<float> a = {1, 10, -10, 123};
      * std::cout << xt::partition(a, 0) << std::endl; // {-10, 1, 123, 10} the correct entry at index 0
      * std::cout << xt::partition(a, 3) << std::endl; // {1, 10, -10, 123} the correct entry at index 3
-     * std::cout << xt::partition(a, {0, 3}) << std::endl; // {-10, 1, 10, 123} the correct entries at index 0 and 3
-     * \endcode
+     * std::cout << xt::partition(a, {0, 3}) << std::endl; // {-10, 1, 10, 123} the correct entries at index 0
+     * and 3 \endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param kth_container a container of ``indices`` that should contain the correctly sorted value
-     * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before sorting
+     * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before
+     * sorting
      *
      * @return partially sorted xcontainer
      */
-    template <class E, class C, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>,
-              class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+    template <
+        class E,
+        class C,
+        class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>,
+        class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
     inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph /*ax*/)
     {
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
 
-        R ev = R::from_shape({ de.size() });
+        R ev = R::from_shape({de.size()});
         C kth_copy = kth_container;
         if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
         {
             std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
         }
 
-        std::copy(de.linear_cbegin(), de.linear_cend(), ev.linear_begin()); // flatten
+        std::copy(de.linear_cbegin(), de.linear_cend(), ev.linear_begin());  // flatten
         std::size_t k_last = kth_copy.back();
         std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + k_last, ev.linear_end());
 
@@ -442,9 +473,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>>
-    inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I(&kth_container)[N], placeholders::xtuph tag)
+    inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I (&kth_container)[N], placeholders::xtuph tag)
     {
-        return partition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), tag);
+        return partition(
+            e,
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container),
+            tag
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>>
@@ -490,7 +525,8 @@ namespace xt
             res = de;
         }
 
-        auto lambda = [&kth](auto begin, auto end) {
+        auto lambda = [&kth](auto begin, auto end)
+        {
             std::nth_element(begin, begin + kth, end);
         };
         detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, lambda);
@@ -510,9 +546,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class T, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const T(&kth_container)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const T (&kth_container)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
-        return partition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), axis);
+        return partition(
+            e,
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container),
+            axis
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E>
@@ -537,19 +577,22 @@ namespace xt
      * xt::xarray<float> a = {1, 10, -10, 123};
      * std::cout << xt::argpartition(a, 0) << std::endl; // {2, 0, 3, 1} the correct entry at index 0
      * std::cout << xt::argpartition(a, 3) << std::endl; // {0, 1, 2, 3} the correct entry at index 3
-     * std::cout << xt::argpartition(a, {0, 3}) << std::endl; // {2, 0, 1, 3} the correct entries at index 0 and 3
-     * \endcode
+     * std::cout << xt::argpartition(a, {0, 3}) << std::endl; // {2, 0, 1, 3} the correct entries at index 0
+     * and 3 \endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param kth_container a container of ``indices`` that should contain the correctly sorted value
-     * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before sorting
+     * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before
+     * sorting
      *
      * @return xcontainer with indices of partial sort of input
      */
-    template <class E, class C,
-              class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type>::type,
-              class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+    template <
+        class E,
+        class C,
+        class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type>::type,
+        class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
     inline R argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
@@ -557,7 +600,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
 
-        result_type ev = result_type::from_shape({ de.size() });
+        result_type ev = result_type::from_shape({de.size()});
 
         C kth_copy = kth_container;
         if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
@@ -565,7 +608,8 @@ namespace xt
             std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
         }
 
-        auto arg_lambda = [&de](std::size_t a, std::size_t b) {
+        auto arg_lambda = [&de](std::size_t a, std::size_t b)
+        {
             return de[a] < de[b];
         };
 
@@ -583,9 +627,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I(&kth_container)[N], placeholders::xtuph tag)
+    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I (&kth_container)[N], placeholders::xtuph tag)
     {
-        return argpartition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), tag);
+        return argpartition(
+            e,
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container),
+            tag
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E>
@@ -597,35 +645,46 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class Ed, class Ei>
-        inline void argpartition_over_leading_axis(const Ed& data, Ei& inds, std::size_t kth, std::ptrdiff_t last)
+        inline void
+        argpartition_over_leading_axis(const Ed& data, Ei& inds, std::size_t kth, std::ptrdiff_t last)
         {
             std::size_t n_iters = 1;
             std::ptrdiff_t data_secondary_stride, inds_secondary_stride;
 
             if (data.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
             {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin(), data.shape().end() - 1,
-                                          std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    data.shape().begin(),
+                    data.shape().end() - 1,
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
                 data_secondary_stride = data.strides()[data.dimension() - 2];
                 inds_secondary_stride = inds.strides()[inds.dimension() - 2];
             }
             else
             {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(data.shape().begin() + 1, data.shape().end(),
-                                          std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    data.shape().begin() + 1,
+                    data.shape().end(),
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
                 data_secondary_stride = data.strides()[1];
                 inds_secondary_stride = inds.strides()[1];
             }
 
             auto ptr = data.data();
             auto indices_ptr = inds.data();
-            auto comp = [&ptr](std::size_t x, std::size_t y) {
+            auto comp = [&ptr](std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
+            {
                 return *(ptr + x) < *(ptr + y);
             };
 
-            if (last == -1) // initialize
+            if (last == -1)  // initialize
             {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters; ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters;
+                     ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
                 {
                     std::iota(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + inds_secondary_stride, 0);
                     std::nth_element(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + kth, indices_ptr + inds_secondary_stride, comp);
@@ -633,7 +692,8 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else
             {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters; ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters;
+                     ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
                 {
                     std::nth_element(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + kth, indices_ptr + last, comp);
                 }
@@ -697,9 +757,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I(&kth_container)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const I (&kth_container)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
-        return argpartition(e, xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container), axis);
+        return argpartition(
+            e,
+            xtl::forward_sequence<std::array<std::size_t, N>, decltype(kth_container)>(kth_container),
+            axis
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E>
@@ -715,7 +779,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto sz = e.size();
         if (sz % 2 == 0)
         {
-            std::size_t szh = sz / 2; // integer floor div
+            std::size_t szh = sz / 2;  // integer floor div
             std::array<std::size_t, 2> kth = {szh - 1, szh};
             auto values = xt::partition(xt::flatten(e), kth);
             return (values[kth[0]] + values[kth[1]]) / value_type(2);
@@ -750,7 +814,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         if (sz % 2 == 0)
         {
-            std::size_t szh = sz / 2; // integer floor div
+            std::size_t szh = sz / 2;  // integer floor div
             std::array<std::size_t, 2> kth = {szh - 1, szh};
             auto values = xt::partition(std::forward<E>(e), kth, static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(ax));
             sv[ax] = xt::range(szh - 1, szh + 1);
@@ -781,8 +845,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <layout_type L, class E, class F>
-        inline typename argfunc_result_type<E>::type
-        arg_func_impl(const E& e, std::size_t axis, F&& cmp)
+        inline typename argfunc_result_type<E>::type arg_func_impl(const E& e, std::size_t axis, F&& cmp)
         {
             using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
             using value_type = typename E::value_type;
@@ -802,12 +865,17 @@ namespace xt
 
             // Excluding copy, copy all of shape except for axis
             std::copy(e.shape().cbegin(), e.shape().cbegin() + std::ptrdiff_t(axis), alt_shape.begin());
-            std::copy(e.shape().cbegin() + std::ptrdiff_t(axis) + 1, e.shape().cend(), alt_shape.begin() + std::ptrdiff_t(axis));
+            std::copy(
+                e.shape().cbegin() + std::ptrdiff_t(axis) + 1,
+                e.shape().cend(),
+                alt_shape.begin() + std::ptrdiff_t(axis)
+            );
 
             result_type result = result_type::from_shape(std::move(alt_shape));
             auto result_iter = result.template begin<L>();
 
-            auto arg_func_lambda = [&result_iter, &cmp](auto begin, auto end) {
+            auto arg_func_lambda = [&result_iter, &cmp](auto begin, auto end)
+            {
                 std::size_t idx = 0;
                 value_type val = *begin;
                 ++begin;
@@ -826,7 +894,10 @@ namespace xt
             if (axis != detail::leading_axis(e))
             {
                 dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
-                std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(e.dimension(), axis, e.layout());
+                std::tie(
+                    permutation,
+                    reverse_permutation
+                ) = detail::get_permutations(e.dimension(), axis, e.layout());
 
                 // note: creating copy
                 eval_type input = transpose(e, permutation);
@@ -941,11 +1012,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto tmp = xtensor<value_type, 1>::from_shape({unique1.size()});
 
-        auto end = std::set_difference(
-            unique1.begin(), unique1.end(),
-            unique2.begin(), unique2.end(),
-            tmp.begin()
-        );
+        auto end = std::set_difference(unique1.begin(), unique1.end(), unique2.begin(), unique2.end(), tmp.begin());
 
         std::size_t sz = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(tmp.begin(), end));
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index f43e75049..43c0a0f76 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_STORAGE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_STORAGE_HPP
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class It>
-        using require_input_iter = typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::iterator_category,
-                                                                               std::input_iterator_tag>::value>::type;
+        using require_input_iter = typename std::enable_if<
+            std::is_convertible<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::iterator_category, std::input_iterator_tag>::value>::type;
     }
 
     template <class C>
@@ -186,8 +186,11 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class A>
-        inline void safe_destroy_deallocate(A& alloc, typename std::allocator_traits<A>::pointer ptr,
-                                            typename std::allocator_traits<A>::size_type size)
+        inline void safe_destroy_deallocate(
+            A& alloc,
+            typename std::allocator_traits<A>::pointer ptr,
+            typename std::allocator_traits<A>::size_type size
+        )
         {
             using traits = std::allocator_traits<A>;
             using pointer = typename traits::pointer;
@@ -240,13 +243,17 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(const allocator_type& alloc) noexcept
-        : m_allocator(alloc), p_begin(nullptr), p_end(nullptr)
+        : m_allocator(alloc)
+        , p_begin(nullptr)
+        , p_end(nullptr)
     {
     }
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(size_type count, const allocator_type& alloc)
-        : m_allocator(alloc), p_begin(nullptr), p_end(nullptr)
+        : m_allocator(alloc)
+        , p_begin(nullptr)
+        , p_end(nullptr)
     {
         if (count != 0)
         {
@@ -257,7 +264,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(size_type count, const_reference value, const allocator_type& alloc)
-        : m_allocator(alloc), p_begin(nullptr), p_end(nullptr)
+        : m_allocator(alloc)
+        , p_begin(nullptr)
+        , p_end(nullptr)
     {
         if (count != 0)
         {
@@ -270,14 +279,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class A>
     template <class InputIt, class>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(InputIt first, InputIt last, const allocator_type& alloc)
-        : m_allocator(alloc), p_begin(nullptr), p_end(nullptr)
+        : m_allocator(alloc)
+        , p_begin(nullptr)
+        , p_end(nullptr)
     {
         init_data(first, last);
     }
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(std::initializer_list<T> init, const allocator_type& alloc)
-        : m_allocator(alloc), p_begin(nullptr), p_end(nullptr)
+        : m_allocator(alloc)
+        , p_begin(nullptr)
+        , p_end(nullptr)
     {
         init_data(init.begin(), init.end());
     }
@@ -292,15 +305,20 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(const uvector& rhs)
-        : m_allocator(std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator())),
-          p_begin(nullptr), p_end(nullptr)
+        : m_allocator(
+            std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator())
+        )
+        , p_begin(nullptr)
+        , p_end(nullptr)
     {
         init_data(rhs.p_begin, rhs.p_end);
     }
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(const uvector& rhs, const allocator_type& alloc)
-        : m_allocator(alloc), p_begin(nullptr), p_end(nullptr)
+        : m_allocator(alloc)
+        , p_begin(nullptr)
+        , p_end(nullptr)
     {
         init_data(rhs.p_begin, rhs.p_end);
     }
@@ -311,7 +329,9 @@ namespace xt
         // No copy and swap idiom here due to performance issues
         if (this != &rhs)
         {
-            m_allocator = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator());
+            m_allocator = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(
+                rhs.get_allocator()
+            );
             resize_impl(rhs.size());
             if (xtrivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
             {
@@ -327,7 +347,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(uvector&& rhs) noexcept
-        : m_allocator(std::move(rhs.m_allocator)), p_begin(rhs.p_begin), p_end(rhs.p_end)
+        : m_allocator(std::move(rhs.m_allocator))
+        , p_begin(rhs.p_begin)
+        , p_end(rhs.p_end)
     {
         rhs.p_begin = nullptr;
         rhs.p_end = nullptr;
@@ -335,7 +357,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T, class A>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(uvector&& rhs, const allocator_type& alloc) noexcept
-        : m_allocator(alloc), p_begin(rhs.p_begin), p_end(rhs.p_end)
+        : m_allocator(alloc)
+        , p_begin(rhs.p_begin)
+        , p_end(rhs.p_end)
     {
         rhs.p_begin = nullptr;
         rhs.p_end = nullptr;
@@ -418,7 +442,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class A>
     inline auto uvector<T, A>::at(size_type i) -> reference
     {
-        if(i >= size())
+        if (i >= size())
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in uvector access");
         return this->operator[](i);
     }
@@ -426,7 +450,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class A>
     inline auto uvector<T, A>::at(size_type i) const -> const_reference
     {
-        if(i >= size())
+        if (i >= size())
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in uvector access");
         return this->operator[](i);
     }
@@ -563,8 +587,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class A>
     inline bool operator<(const uvector<T, A>& lhs, const uvector<T, A>& rhs)
     {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
-                                            rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
+        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
     }
 
     template <class T, class A>
@@ -630,12 +653,13 @@ namespace xt
         using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
         using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
-    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
         constexpr static std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value;
-    #else
-        constexpr static std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value != 0 ?
-                                                    detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value : alignof(T);
-    #endif
+#else
+        constexpr static std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value != 0
+                                                     ? detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value
+                                                     : alignof(T);
+#endif
 
         svector() noexcept;
         ~svector();
@@ -824,8 +848,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
-    inline svector<T, N, A, Init>& svector<T, N, A, Init>::operator=(svector&& rhs) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<
-                                                                                             value_type>::value)
+    inline svector<T, N, A, Init>& svector<T, N, A, Init>::operator=(svector&& rhs
+    ) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_type>::value)
     {
         assign(rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
         return *this;
@@ -834,7 +858,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline svector<T, N, A, Init>& svector<T, N, A, Init>::operator=(const std::vector<T>& rhs)
     {
-        m_allocator = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator());
+        m_allocator = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(
+            rhs.get_allocator()
+        );
         assign(rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
         return *this;
     }
@@ -849,20 +875,25 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t N2, bool I2, class>
     inline svector<T, N, A, Init>& svector<T, N, A, Init>::operator=(const svector<T, N2, A, I2>& rhs)
     {
-        m_allocator = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator());
+        m_allocator = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(
+            rhs.get_allocator()
+        );
         assign(rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
         return *this;
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline svector<T, N, A, Init>::svector(const svector& rhs)
-        : m_allocator(std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator()))
+        : m_allocator(
+            std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(rhs.get_allocator())
+        )
     {
         assign(rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
-    inline svector<T, N, A, Init>::svector(svector&& rhs) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_type>::value)
+    inline svector<T, N, A, Init>::svector(svector&& rhs
+    ) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_type>::value)
     {
         this->swap(rhs);
     }
@@ -913,7 +944,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline auto svector<T, N, A, Init>::at(size_type idx) -> reference
     {
-        if(idx >= size())
+        if (idx >= size())
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in svector access");
         return this->operator[](idx);
     }
@@ -921,7 +952,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline auto svector<T, N, A, Init>::at(size_type idx) const -> const_reference
     {
-        if(idx >= size())
+        if (idx >= size())
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in svector access");
         return this->operator[](idx);
     }
@@ -968,7 +999,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline void svector<T, N, A, Init>::reserve(size_type n)
     {
-        if(n > N && n > capacity())
+        if (n > N && n > capacity())
         {
             grow(n);
         }
@@ -1345,8 +1376,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline bool operator<(const svector<T, N, A, Init>& lhs, const svector<T, N, A, Init>& rhs)
     {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
-                                            rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
+        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
@@ -1382,7 +1412,8 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     /**
-     * This array class is modeled after ``std::array`` but adds optional alignment through a template parameter.
+     * This array class is modeled after ``std::array`` but adds optional alignment through a template
+     * parameter.
      *
      * To be moved to xtl, along with the rest of xstorage.hpp
      */
@@ -1390,21 +1421,20 @@ namespace xt
     class alignas(Align) aligned_array : public std::array<T, N>
     {
     public:
+
         // Note: this is for alignment detection. The allocator serves no other purpose than
         //       that of a trait here.
-        using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<Align != 0,
-                                                  xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, Align>,
-                                                  std::allocator<T>>;
+        using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<Align != 0, xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, Align>, std::allocator<T>>;
     };
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
-    #define XTENSOR_CONST
+#define XTENSOR_CONST
 #else
-    #define XTENSOR_CONST const
+#define XTENSOR_CONST const
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5 && !defined(__clang__)
-    #define GCC4_FALLBACK
+#define GCC4_FALLBACK
 
     namespace const_array_detail
     {
@@ -1427,7 +1457,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         struct array_traits<T, 0>
         {
-            struct empty {};
+            struct empty
+            {
+            };
 
             using storage_type = empty;
 
@@ -1466,11 +1498,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         constexpr const_reference operator[](std::size_t idx) const
         {
-        #ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
+#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
             return const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, idx);
-        #else
+#else
             return m_data[idx];
-        #endif
+#endif
         }
 
         constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept
@@ -1516,30 +1548,30 @@ namespace xt
 
         constexpr const_pointer data() const noexcept
         {
-        #ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
+#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
             return const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ptr(m_data);
-        #else
+#else
             return m_data;
-        #endif
+#endif
         }
 
         constexpr const_reference front() const noexcept
         {
-        #ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
+#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
             return const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, 0);
-        #else
+#else
             return m_data[0];
-        #endif
+#endif
         }
 
         constexpr const_reference back() const noexcept
         {
-        #ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
-            return N ? const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, N - 1) :
-                       const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, 0);
-        #else
+#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
+            return N ? const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, N - 1)
+                     : const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, 0);
+#else
             return m_data[size() - 1];
-        #endif
+#endif
         }
 
         constexpr bool empty() const noexcept
@@ -1552,16 +1584,15 @@ namespace xt
             return N;
         }
 
-    #ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
+#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
         XTENSOR_CONST typename const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::storage_type m_data;
-    #else
+#else
         XTENSOR_CONST T m_data[N > 0 ? N : 1];
-    #endif
+#endif
     };
 
 #undef GCC4_FALLBACK
 
-
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
     inline bool operator==(const const_array<T, N>& lhs, const const_array<T, N>& rhs)
     {
@@ -1577,8 +1608,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
     inline bool operator<(const const_array<T, N>& lhs, const const_array<T, N>& rhs)
     {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
-                                            rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
+        return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
@@ -1626,10 +1656,10 @@ namespace xt
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
         using cast_type = std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(X)>;
-        #define XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR inline
+#define XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR inline
 #else
         using cast_type = const_array<std::size_t, sizeof...(X)>;
-        #define XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#define XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR constexpr
 #endif
         using value_type = std::size_t;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
@@ -1694,7 +1724,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
-         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC cast_type m_array = cast_type({X...});
+        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC cast_type m_array = cast_type({X...});
     };
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
@@ -1803,7 +1833,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t End>
-    auto  sequence_view<E, Start, End>::end() const -> const_iterator
+    auto sequence_view<E, Start, End>::end() const -> const_iterator
     {
         if (End != -1)
         {
@@ -1816,19 +1846,19 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t End>
-    auto  sequence_view<E, Start, End>::begin() const -> const_iterator
+    auto sequence_view<E, Start, End>::begin() const -> const_iterator
     {
         return m_sequence.begin() + Start;
     }
 
     template <class E, std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t End>
-    auto  sequence_view<E, Start, End>::cend() const -> const_iterator
+    auto sequence_view<E, Start, End>::cend() const -> const_iterator
     {
         return end();
     }
 
     template <class E, std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t End>
-    auto  sequence_view<E, Start, End>::cbegin() const -> const_iterator
+    auto sequence_view<E, Start, End>::cbegin() const -> const_iterator
     {
         return begin();
     }
@@ -1882,7 +1912,6 @@ namespace xt
         return m_sequence;
     }
 
-
     template <class T, std::ptrdiff_t TB, std::ptrdiff_t TE>
     inline bool operator==(const sequence_view<T, TB, TE>& lhs, const sequence_view<T, TB, TE>& rhs)
     {
@@ -1905,27 +1934,25 @@ namespace xt
 // clang warnings here
 
 #if defined(__clang__)
-    # pragma clang diagnostic push
-    # pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmismatched-tags"
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmismatched-tags"
 #endif
 
 namespace std
 {
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
-    class tuple_size<xt::const_array<T, N>> :
-        public integral_constant<std::size_t, N>
+    class tuple_size<xt::const_array<T, N>> : public integral_constant<std::size_t, N>
     {
     };
 
     template <std::size_t... N>
-    class tuple_size<xt::fixed_shape<N...>> :
-        public integral_constant<std::size_t, sizeof...(N)>
+    class tuple_size<xt::fixed_shape<N...>> : public integral_constant<std::size_t, sizeof...(N)>
     {
     };
 
     template <class T, std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t End>
-    class tuple_size<xt::sequence_view<T, Start, End>> :
-        public integral_constant<std::size_t, std::size_t(End - Start)>
+    class tuple_size<xt::sequence_view<T, Start, End>>
+        : public integral_constant<std::size_t, std::size_t(End - Start)>
     {
     };
 
@@ -1935,7 +1962,7 @@ namespace std
 }
 
 #if defined(__clang__)
-    # pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
 #undef XTENSOR_CONST
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index b31cdb31a..b30d81861 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_STRIDED_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_STRIDED_VIEW_HPP
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-        struct xstrided_view_base
-            : xstrided_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, S, L, FST>
+        struct xstrided_view_base : xstrided_view_base_impl<xexpression_tag_t<CT>, CT, S, L, FST>
         {
         };
 
@@ -57,9 +56,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L1, layout_type L2, class T>
     struct select_iterable_base
     {
-        using type = std::conditional_t<L1 == L2 && L1 != layout_type::dynamic,
-                                        xcontiguous_iterable<T>,
-                                        xiterable<T>>;
+        using type = std::conditional_t<L1 == L2 && L1 != layout_type::dynamic, xcontiguous_iterable<T>, xiterable<T>>;
     };
 
     template <layout_type L1, layout_type L2, class T>
@@ -81,7 +78,8 @@ namespace xt
         using undecay_shape = S;
         using storage_getter = FST;
         using inner_storage_type = typename storage_getter::type;
-        using temporary_type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<S>::template type<typename xexpression_type::value_type, xexpression_type::static_layout>;
+        using temporary_type = typename detail::xtype_for_shape<
+            S>::template type<typename xexpression_type::value_type, xexpression_type::static_layout>;
         using storage_type = std::remove_reference_t<inner_storage_type>;
         static constexpr layout_type layout = L;
     };
@@ -105,8 +103,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST, class RHS>
-    struct can_assign<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>, RHS>
-        : can_assign<CT, RHS>
+    struct can_assign<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>, RHS> : can_assign<CT, RHS>
     {
     };
 
@@ -129,10 +126,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @sa strided_view, transpose
      */
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L = layout_type::dynamic, class FST = detail::flat_storage_getter<CT, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>>
-    class xstrided_view : public xview_semantic<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>>,
-                          public select_iterable_base_t<L, std::decay_t<CT>::static_layout, xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>>,
-                          private xstrided_view_base<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>>,
-                          public extension::xstrided_view_base_t<CT, S, L, FST>
+    class xstrided_view
+        : public xview_semantic<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>>,
+          public select_iterable_base_t<L, std::decay_t<CT>::static_layout, xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>>,
+          private xstrided_view_base<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>>,
+          public extension::xstrided_view_base_t<CT, S, L, FST>
     {
     public:
 
@@ -169,8 +167,8 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
 
-        using base_type::static_layout;
         using base_type::contiguous_layout;
+        using base_type::static_layout;
 
         using temporary_type = typename xcontainer_inner_types<self_type>::temporary_type;
         using base_index_type = xindex_type_t<shape_type>;
@@ -193,23 +191,23 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         disable_xexpression<E, self_type>& operator=(const E& e);
 
-        using base_type::size;
+        using base_type::backstrides;
         using base_type::dimension;
+        using base_type::is_contiguous;
+        using base_type::layout;
         using base_type::shape;
+        using base_type::size;
         using base_type::strides;
-        using base_type::backstrides;
-        using base_type::layout;
-        using base_type::is_contiguous;
 
         using base_type::operator();
         using base_type::at;
         using base_type::unchecked;
         using base_type::operator[];
-        using base_type::element;
-        using base_type::storage;
         using base_type::data;
         using base_type::data_offset;
+        using base_type::element;
         using base_type::expression;
+        using base_type::storage;
 
         using base_type::broadcast_shape;
         using base_type::has_linear_assign;
@@ -223,32 +221,24 @@ namespace xt
         const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const;
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
-        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
-        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
-        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
-        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, class STEP = const_stepper>
-        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class requested_type>
         using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;
@@ -258,9 +248,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class align, class simd, class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, void> store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
-        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
-                  class T = xexpression_type>
+        template <
+            class align,
+            class requested_type = value_type,
+            std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
+            class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>> load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
         reference data_element(size_type i);
@@ -269,9 +261,8 @@ namespace xt
         reference flat(size_type i);
         const_reference flat(size_type i) const;
 
-        using container_iterator = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                      typename storage_type::const_iterator,
-                                                      typename storage_type::iterator>;
+        using container_iterator = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename storage_type::const_iterator, typename storage_type::iterator>;
         using const_container_iterator = typename storage_type::const_iterator;
 
         template <class E>
@@ -332,8 +323,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         xall_tag,
         xellipsis_tag,
-        xnewaxis_tag
-    >;
+        xnewaxis_tag>;
 
     /**
      * @typedef xstrided_slice_vector
@@ -366,10 +356,17 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class CTA, class SA>
-    inline xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::xstrided_view(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, strides_type&& strides, std::size_t offset, layout_type layout) noexcept
+    inline xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::xstrided_view(
+        CTA&& e,
+        SA&& shape,
+        strides_type&& strides,
+        std::size_t offset,
+        layout_type layout
+    ) noexcept
         : base_type(std::forward<CTA>(e), std::forward<SA>(shape), std::move(strides), offset, layout)
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
@@ -392,6 +389,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
@@ -411,7 +409,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class V, class T>
-        inline void run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
+        inline void
+        run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
         {
             std::copy(t.cbegin(), t.cend(), v.begin());
         }
@@ -420,7 +419,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     inline void xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::assign_temporary_impl(temporary_type&& tmp)
     {
-        constexpr bool fast_assign = xassign_traits<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
+        constexpr bool
+            fast_assign = xassign_traits<xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
         xstrided_view_detail::run_assign_temporary_impl(*this, tmp, std::integral_constant<bool, fast_assign>{});
     }
 
@@ -446,6 +446,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::fill(this->begin(), this->end(), value);
         }
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
@@ -502,8 +503,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class ST, class STEP>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape)
-        -> disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) -> disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
@@ -520,8 +520,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class ST, class STEP>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape)
-        -> enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) -> enable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - dimension();
         return stepper(this, offset);
@@ -581,7 +580,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     template <class It>
-    inline It xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend_impl(It begin, layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
+    inline It
+    xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend_impl(It begin, layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
     {
         return strided_data_end(*this, begin + std::ptrdiff_t(this->data_offset()), l, offset);
     }
@@ -599,13 +599,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) noexcept -> container_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) noexcept
+        -> container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(this->storage().begin(), l, offset);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept -> const_container_iterator
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
+        -> const_container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(this->storage().cbegin(), l, offset);
     }
@@ -634,7 +636,13 @@ namespace xt
     {
         inner_shape_type sh(this->shape());
         inner_strides_type str(this->strides());
-        return rebind_t<E>(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(sh), std::move(str), base_type::data_offset(), this->layout());
+        return rebind_t<E>(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::move(sh),
+            std::move(str),
+            base_type::data_offset(),
+            this->layout()
+        );
     }
 
     /*****************************************
@@ -670,14 +678,24 @@ namespace xt
         {
         protected:
 
-            inline void resize(std::size_t) {}
-            inline void set_fake_slice(std::size_t) {}
+            inline void resize(std::size_t)
+            {
+            }
+
+            inline void set_fake_slice(std::size_t)
+            {
+            }
 
             template <class ST, class S>
-            bool fill_args(const xstrided_slice_vector& /*slices*/, std::size_t /*sl_idx*/,
-                           std::size_t /*i*/, std::size_t /*old_shape*/,
-                           const ST& /*old_stride*/,
-                           S& /*shape*/, get_strides_t<S>& /*strides*/)
+            bool fill_args(
+                const xstrided_slice_vector& /*slices*/,
+                std::size_t /*sl_idx*/,
+                std::size_t /*i*/,
+                std::size_t /*old_shape*/,
+                const ST& /*old_stride*/,
+                S& /*shape*/,
+                get_strides_t<S>& /*strides*/
+            )
             {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -713,15 +731,30 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto strided_view(E&& e, const xstrided_slice_vector& slices)
     {
         detail::strided_view_args<detail::no_adj_strides_policy> args;
-        args.fill_args(e.shape(), detail::get_strides<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e), detail::get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e), e.layout(), slices);
+        args.fill_args(
+            e.shape(),
+            detail::get_strides<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e),
+            detail::get_offset<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(e),
+            e.layout(),
+            slices
+        );
         using view_type = xstrided_view<xclosure_t<E>, decltype(args.new_shape)>;
-        return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(args.new_shape), std::move(args.new_strides), args.new_offset, args.new_layout);
+        return view_type(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::move(args.new_shape),
+            std::move(args.new_strides),
+            args.new_offset,
+            args.new_layout
+        );
     }
 
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class S>
     inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, S&& shape)
     {
-        static_assert(L == layout_type::row_major || L == layout_type::column_major, "traversal has to be row or column major");
+        static_assert(
+            L == layout_type::row_major || L == layout_type::column_major,
+            "traversal has to be row or column major"
+        );
 
         using shape_type = std::decay_t<S>;
         get_strides_t<shape_type> strides;
@@ -729,7 +762,11 @@ namespace xt
         xt::resize_container(strides, shape.size());
         compute_strides(shape, L, strides);
         constexpr auto computed_layout = std::decay_t<E>::static_layout == L ? L : layout_type::dynamic;
-        using view_type = xstrided_view<xclosure_t<E>, shape_type, computed_layout, detail::flat_adaptor_getter<xclosure_t<E>, L>>;
+        using view_type = xstrided_view<
+            xclosure_t<E>,
+            shape_type,
+            computed_layout,
+            detail::flat_adaptor_getter<xclosure_t<E>, L>>;
         return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(shape), std::move(strides), 0, e.layout());
     }
 
@@ -753,14 +790,14 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class I, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const I(&shape)[N], layout_type order)
+    inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const I (&shape)[N], layout_type order)
     {
         using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         return reshape_view<L>(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape), order);
     }
 
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class I, std::size_t N>
-    inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const I(&shape)[N])
+    inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const I (&shape)[N])
     {
         using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
         return reshape_view<L>(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index 8481823e1..7dd8f82de 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_STRIDED_VIEW_BASE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_STRIDED_VIEW_BASE_HPP
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 #include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xslice.hpp"
 #include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ namespace xt
             using size_type = typename xexpression_type::size_type;
             using value_type = typename xexpression_type::value_type;
             using const_reference = typename xexpression_type::const_reference;
-            using reference = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value,
-                                                 typename xexpression_type::const_reference,
-                                                 typename xexpression_type::reference>;
+            using reference = std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value,
+                typename xexpression_type::const_reference,
+                typename xexpression_type::reference>;
 
             using iterator = decltype(std::declval<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>().template begin<L>());
             using const_iterator = decltype(std::declval<std::decay_t<CT>>().template cbegin<L>());
@@ -105,9 +106,8 @@ namespace xt
         using value_type = typename xexpression_type::value_type;
         using reference = typename inner_types::reference;
         using const_reference = typename inner_types::const_reference;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
+        using pointer = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_pointer, typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
         using const_pointer = typename xexpression_type::const_pointer;
         using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = typename xexpression_type::bool_load_type;
 
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = inner_types::layout;
-        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = static_layout != layout_type::dynamic && xexpression_type::contiguous_layout;
+        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = static_layout != layout_type::dynamic
+                                                  && xexpression_type::contiguous_layout;
 
         template <class CTA, class SA>
         xstrided_view_base(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, strides_type&& strides, size_type offset, layout_type layout) noexcept;
@@ -171,11 +172,9 @@ namespace xt
         const storage_type& storage() const noexcept;
 
         template <class E = xexpression_type, class ST = storage_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, pointer>
-        data() noexcept;
+        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, pointer> data() noexcept;
         template <class E = xexpression_type, class ST = storage_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, const_pointer>
-        data() const noexcept;
+        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, const_pointer> data() const noexcept;
         size_type data_offset() const noexcept;
 
         xexpression_type& expression() noexcept;
@@ -274,9 +273,10 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class CT, layout_type L>
-        using flat_storage_getter = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<CT>>::value,
-                                                       inner_storage_getter<CT>,
-                                                       flat_adaptor_getter<CT, L>>;
+        using flat_storage_getter = std::conditional_t<
+            has_data_interface<std::decay_t<CT>>::value,
+            inner_storage_getter<CT>,
+            flat_adaptor_getter<CT, L>>;
 
         template <layout_type L, class E>
         inline auto get_offset(E& e)
@@ -310,14 +310,21 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class CTA, class SA>
-    inline xstrided_view_base<D>::xstrided_view_base(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, strides_type&& strides, size_type offset, layout_type layout) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)),
-          //m_storage(detail::get_flat_storage<undecay_expression>(m_e)),
-          m_storage(storage_getter::get_flat_storage(m_e)),
-          m_shape(std::forward<SA>(shape)),
-          m_strides(std::move(strides)),
-          m_offset(offset),
-          m_layout(layout)
+    inline xstrided_view_base<D>::xstrided_view_base(
+        CTA&& e,
+        SA&& shape,
+        strides_type&& strides,
+        size_type offset,
+        layout_type layout
+    ) noexcept
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
+        ,
+        // m_storage(detail::get_flat_storage<undecay_expression>(m_e)),
+        m_storage(storage_getter::get_flat_storage(m_e))
+        , m_shape(std::forward<SA>(shape))
+        , m_strides(std::move(strides))
+        , m_offset(offset)
+        , m_layout(layout)
     {
         m_backstrides = xtl::make_sequence<backstrides_type>(m_shape.size(), 0);
         adapt_strides(m_shape, m_strides, m_backstrides);
@@ -334,7 +341,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class E, layout_type L>
         auto copy_move_storage(T& expr, const detail::flat_expression_adaptor<E, L>& storage)
         {
-            detail::flat_expression_adaptor<E, L> new_storage = storage; // copy storage
+            detail::flat_expression_adaptor<E, L> new_storage = storage;  // copy storage
             new_storage.update_pointer(std::addressof(expr));
             return new_storage;
         }
@@ -342,29 +349,30 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D>
     inline xstrided_view_base<D>::xstrided_view_base(xstrided_view_base&& rhs)
-        : base_type(std::move(rhs)),
-          m_e(std::forward<undecay_expression>(rhs.m_e)),
-          m_storage(detail::copy_move_storage(m_e, rhs.m_storage)),
-          m_shape(std::move(rhs.m_shape)),
-          m_strides(std::move(rhs.m_strides)),
-          m_backstrides(std::move(rhs.m_backstrides)),
-          m_offset(std::move(rhs.m_offset)),
-          m_layout(std::move(rhs.m_layout))
+        : base_type(std::move(rhs))
+        , m_e(std::forward<undecay_expression>(rhs.m_e))
+        , m_storage(detail::copy_move_storage(m_e, rhs.m_storage))
+        , m_shape(std::move(rhs.m_shape))
+        , m_strides(std::move(rhs.m_strides))
+        , m_backstrides(std::move(rhs.m_backstrides))
+        , m_offset(std::move(rhs.m_offset))
+        , m_layout(std::move(rhs.m_layout))
     {
     }
 
     template <class D>
     inline xstrided_view_base<D>::xstrided_view_base(const xstrided_view_base& rhs)
-        : base_type(rhs),
-          m_e(rhs.m_e),
-          m_storage(detail::copy_move_storage(m_e, rhs.m_storage)),
-          m_shape(rhs.m_shape),
-          m_strides(rhs.m_strides),
-          m_backstrides(rhs.m_backstrides),
-          m_offset(rhs.m_offset),
-          m_layout(rhs.m_layout)
+        : base_type(rhs)
+        , m_e(rhs.m_e)
+        , m_storage(detail::copy_move_storage(m_e, rhs.m_storage))
+        , m_shape(rhs.m_shape)
+        , m_strides(rhs.m_strides)
+        , m_backstrides(rhs.m_backstrides)
+        , m_offset(rhs.m_offset)
+        , m_layout(rhs.m_layout)
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -571,8 +579,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class E, class ST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() noexcept ->
-        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, pointer>
+    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() noexcept
+        -> std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -583,8 +591,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class E, class ST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() const noexcept ->
-        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, const_pointer>
+    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() const noexcept
+        -> std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, const_pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -615,6 +623,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return m_e;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -643,23 +652,26 @@ namespace xt
     template <class O>
     inline bool xstrided_view_base<D>::has_linear_assign(const O& str) const noexcept
     {
-        return has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && str.size() == strides().size() &&
-            std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), strides().begin());
+        return has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && str.size() == strides().size()
+               && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), strides().begin());
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::compute_index(Args... args) const -> offset_type
     {
-        return static_cast<offset_type>(m_offset) + xt::data_offset<offset_type>(strides(), static_cast<offset_type>(args)...);
+        return static_cast<offset_type>(m_offset)
+               + xt::data_offset<offset_type>(strides(), static_cast<offset_type>(args)...);
     }
 
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::compute_unchecked_index(Args... args) const -> offset_type
     {
-        return static_cast<offset_type>(m_offset) + xt::unchecked_data_offset<offset_type>(strides(), static_cast<offset_type>(args)...);
+        return static_cast<offset_type>(m_offset)
+               + xt::unchecked_data_offset<offset_type>(strides(), static_cast<offset_type>(args)...);
     }
 
     template <class D>
@@ -694,7 +706,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class CT, layout_type L>
         template <class FST>
         inline flat_expression_adaptor<CT, L>::flat_expression_adaptor(CT* e, FST&& strides)
-            : m_e(e), m_strides(xtl::forward_sequence<inner_strides_type, FST>(strides))
+            : m_e(e)
+            , m_strides(xtl::forward_sequence<inner_strides_type, FST>(strides))
         {
             resize_container(get_index(), m_e->dimension());
             m_size = m_e->size();
@@ -712,7 +725,6 @@ namespace xt
             return m_size;
         }
 
-
         template <class CT, layout_type L>
         inline auto flat_expression_adaptor<CT, L>::operator[](size_type idx) -> reference
         {
@@ -787,7 +799,8 @@ namespace xt
             using array_type = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, 3>;
 
             explicit slice_getter_impl(const S& shape)
-                : m_shape(shape), idx(0)
+                : m_shape(shape)
+                , idx(0)
             {
             }
 
@@ -807,13 +820,13 @@ namespace xt
             template <class T>
             array_type operator()(const xrange<T>& range) const
             {
-                return array_type({ range(T(0)), range.size(), T(1) });
+                return array_type({range(T(0)), range.size(), T(1)});
             }
 
             template <class T>
             array_type operator()(const xstepped_range<T>& range) const
             {
-                return array_type({ range(T(0)), range.size(), range.step_size(T(0)) });
+                return array_type({range(T(0)), range.size(), range.step_size(T(0))});
             }
         };
 
@@ -823,7 +836,8 @@ namespace xt
             using base_type = adj_strides_policy;
 
             template <class S, class ST, class V>
-            void fill_args(const S& shape, ST&& old_strides, std::size_t base_offset, layout_type layout, const V& slices)
+            void
+            fill_args(const S& shape, ST&& old_strides, std::size_t base_offset, layout_type layout, const V& slices)
             {
                 // Compute dimension
                 std::size_t dimension = shape.size(), n_newaxis = 0, n_add_all = 0;
@@ -915,10 +929,7 @@ namespace xt
                         base_type::set_fake_slice(idx);
                         ++idx;
                     }
-                    else if (base_type::fill_args(slices, i, idx,
-                                                  old_shape[i_ax],
-                                                  old_strides[i_ax],
-                                                  new_shape, new_strides))
+                    else if (base_type::fill_args(slices, i, idx, old_shape[i_ax], old_strides[i_ax], new_shape, new_strides))
                     {
                         ++idx;
                     }
@@ -942,7 +953,8 @@ namespace xt
                     base_type::set_fake_slice(idx);
                 }
 
-                new_layout = do_strides_match(new_shape, new_strides, layout, true) ? layout : layout_type::dynamic;
+                new_layout = do_strides_match(new_shape, new_strides, layout, true) ? layout
+                                                                                    : layout_type::dynamic;
             }
 
             using shape_type = dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 954039131..27c3ada1e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_STRIDES_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_STRIDES_HPP
@@ -52,28 +52,29 @@ namespace xt
     std::size_t compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l, strides_type& strides);
 
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::dynamic, class shape_type, class strides_type, class backstrides_type>
-    std::size_t compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l,
-                                strides_type& strides, backstrides_type& backstrides);
+    std::size_t
+    compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l, strides_type& strides, backstrides_type& backstrides);
 
     template <class shape_type, class strides_type>
     void adapt_strides(const shape_type& shape, strides_type& strides) noexcept;
 
     template <class shape_type, class strides_type, class backstrides_type>
-    void adapt_strides(const shape_type& shape, strides_type& strides,
-                       backstrides_type& backstrides) noexcept;
+    void adapt_strides(const shape_type& shape, strides_type& strides, backstrides_type& backstrides) noexcept;
 
     /*****************
      * unravel_index *
      *****************/
 
     template <class S>
-    S unravel_from_strides(typename S::value_type index, const S& strides, layout_type l=layout_type::row_major);
+    S unravel_from_strides(typename S::value_type index, const S& strides, layout_type l = layout_type::row_major);
 
     template <class S>
-    get_strides_t<S> unravel_index(typename S::value_type index, const S& shape, layout_type l=layout_type::row_major);
+    get_strides_t<S>
+    unravel_index(typename S::value_type index, const S& shape, layout_type l = layout_type::row_major);
 
     template <class S, class T>
-    std::vector<get_strides_t<S>> unravel_indices(const T& indices, const S& shape, layout_type l=layout_type::row_major);
+    std::vector<get_strides_t<S>>
+    unravel_indices(const T& indices, const S& shape, layout_type l = layout_type::row_major);
 
     /***********************
      * broadcast functions *
@@ -142,7 +143,6 @@ namespace xt
         return begin;
     }
 
-
     /***********
      * strides *
      ***********/
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
             if (layout == layout_type::column_major)
             {
                 return std::accumulate(
-                   shape.cbegin(),
+                    shape.cbegin(),
                     shape.cbegin() + axis,
                     static_cast<return_type>(1),
                     std::multiplies<return_type>()
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ namespace xt
      */
     enum class stride_type
     {
-        internal = 0, ///< As used internally (with `stride(axis) == 0` if `shape(axis) == 1`)
-        normal = 1, ///< Normal stride corresponding to storage.
-        bytes = 2, ///< Normal stride in bytes.
+        internal = 0,  ///< As used internally (with `stride(axis) == 0` if `shape(axis) == 1`)
+        normal = 1,    ///< Normal stride corresponding to storage.
+        bytes = 2,     ///< Normal stride in bytes.
     };
 
     /**
@@ -219,7 +219,14 @@ namespace xt
         if (type == stride_type::bytes)
         {
             return_type f = static_cast<return_type>(sizeof(typename E::value_type));
-            std::for_each(ret.begin(), ret.end(), [f](auto& c){ c *= f; });
+            std::for_each(
+                ret.begin(),
+                ret.end(),
+                [f](auto& c)
+                {
+                    c *= f;
+                }
+            );
         }
 
         return ret;
@@ -270,22 +277,31 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class shape_type>
-        inline std::size_t compute_size_impl(const shape_type& shape, std::true_type /* is signed */) {
+        inline std::size_t compute_size_impl(const shape_type& shape, std::true_type /* is signed */)
+        {
             using size_type = std::decay_t<typename shape_type::value_type>;
-            return static_cast<std::size_t>(std::abs(std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), size_type(1), std::multiplies<size_type>())));
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(std::abs(
+                std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), size_type(1), std::multiplies<size_type>())
+            ));
         }
 
         template <class shape_type>
-        inline std::size_t compute_size_impl(const shape_type& shape, std::false_type /* is not signed */) {
+        inline std::size_t compute_size_impl(const shape_type& shape, std::false_type /* is not signed */)
+        {
             using size_type = std::decay_t<typename shape_type::value_type>;
-            return static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), size_type(1), std::multiplies<size_type>()));
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(
+                std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), size_type(1), std::multiplies<size_type>())
+            );
         }
     }
 
     template <class shape_type>
     inline std::size_t compute_size(const shape_type& shape) noexcept
     {
-        return detail::compute_size_impl(shape, xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<shape_type>::value_type>>());
+        return detail::compute_size_impl(
+            shape,
+            xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<typename std::decay_t<shape_type>::value_type>>()
+        );
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -409,29 +425,35 @@ namespace xt
             // Too few arguments: right to left scalar product
             auto view = strides.cend() - nargs;
             return static_cast<offset_type>(detail::raw_data_offset<0>(view, arg, args...));
-
         }
     }
 
     template <class offset_type, layout_type L, class S, class... Args>
     inline offset_type unchecked_data_offset(const S& strides, Args... args) noexcept
     {
-        return static_cast<offset_type>(detail::layout_data_offset<L, static_dimension<S>::value>::template run<0>(strides.cbegin(), args...));
+        return static_cast<offset_type>(
+            detail::layout_data_offset<L, static_dimension<S>::value>::template run<0>(strides.cbegin(), args...)
+        );
     }
 
     template <class offset_type, class S, class It>
     inline offset_type element_offset(const S& strides, It first, It last) noexcept
     {
         using difference_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type;
-        auto size = static_cast<difference_type>((std::min)(static_cast<typename S::size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), strides.size()));
+        auto size = static_cast<difference_type>((std::min
+        )(static_cast<typename S::size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), strides.size()));
         return std::inner_product(last - size, last, strides.cend() - size, offset_type(0));
     }
 
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class shape_type, class strides_type, class bs_ptr>
-        inline void adapt_strides(const shape_type& shape, strides_type& strides,
-                                  bs_ptr backstrides, typename strides_type::size_type i) noexcept
+        inline void adapt_strides(
+            const shape_type& shape,
+            strides_type& strides,
+            bs_ptr backstrides,
+            typename strides_type::size_type i
+        ) noexcept
         {
             if (shape[i] == 1)
             {
@@ -441,8 +463,12 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class shape_type, class strides_type>
-        inline void adapt_strides(const shape_type& shape, strides_type& strides,
-                                  std::nullptr_t, typename strides_type::size_type i) noexcept
+        inline void adapt_strides(
+            const shape_type& shape,
+            strides_type& strides,
+            std::nullptr_t,
+            typename strides_type::size_type i
+        ) noexcept
         {
             if (shape[i] == 1)
             {
@@ -451,18 +477,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <layout_type L, class shape_type, class strides_type, class bs_ptr>
-        inline std::size_t compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l,
-                                           strides_type& strides, bs_ptr bs)
+        inline std::size_t
+        compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l, strides_type& strides, bs_ptr bs)
         {
             using strides_value_type = typename std::decay_t<strides_type>::value_type;
             strides_value_type data_size = 1;
 
-        #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (1931 <= _MSC_VER)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (1931 <= _MSC_VER)
             // Workaround MSVC compiler optimization bug, xtensor#2568
-            if (0 == shape.size()) {
+            if (0 == shape.size())
+            {
                 return static_cast<std::size_t>(data_size);
             }
-        #endif
+#endif
 
             if (L == layout_type::row_major || l == layout_type::row_major)
             {
@@ -493,23 +520,23 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class shape_type, class strides_type, class backstrides_type>
-    inline std::size_t compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l,
-                                       strides_type& strides,
-                                       backstrides_type& backstrides)
+    inline std::size_t
+    compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l, strides_type& strides, backstrides_type& backstrides)
     {
         return detail::compute_strides<L>(shape, l, strides, &backstrides);
     }
 
     template <class T1, class T2>
-    inline bool stride_match_condition(const T1& stride, const T2& shape, const T1& data_size, bool zero_strides)
+    inline bool
+    stride_match_condition(const T1& stride, const T2& shape, const T1& data_size, bool zero_strides)
     {
         return (shape == T2(1) && stride == T1(0) && zero_strides) || (stride == data_size);
     }
 
     // zero_strides should be true when strides are set to 0 if the corresponding dimensions are 1
     template <class shape_type, class strides_type>
-    inline bool do_strides_match(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides,
-                                 layout_type l, bool zero_strides)
+    inline bool
+    do_strides_match(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides, layout_type l, bool zero_strides)
     {
         using value_type = typename strides_type::value_type;
         value_type data_size = 1;
@@ -553,8 +580,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class shape_type, class strides_type, class backstrides_type>
-    inline void adapt_strides(const shape_type& shape, strides_type& strides,
-                              backstrides_type& backstrides) noexcept
+    inline void
+    adapt_strides(const shape_type& shape, strides_type& strides, backstrides_type& backstrides) noexcept
     {
         for (typename shape_type::size_type i = 0; i < shape.size(); ++i)
         {
@@ -630,7 +657,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<get_strides_t<S>> out(idx.size());
         auto out_iter = out.begin();
         auto idx_iter = idx.begin();
-        for ( ; out_iter != out.end(); ++out_iter, ++idx_iter )
+        for (; out_iter != out.end(); ++out_iter, ++idx_iter)
         {
             *out_iter = unravel_from_strides(static_cast<strides_value_type>(*idx_iter), strides, l);
         }
@@ -707,7 +734,8 @@ namespace xt
         bool res = dst_shape.size() >= src_shape.size();
         for (; src_iter != src_shape.crend() && res; ++src_iter, ++dst_iter)
         {
-            res = (static_cast<std::size_t>(*src_iter) == static_cast<std::size_t>(*dst_iter)) || (*src_iter == 1);
+            res = (static_cast<std::size_t>(*src_iter) == static_cast<std::size_t>(*dst_iter))
+                  || (*src_iter == 1);
         }
         return res;
     }
@@ -786,7 +814,8 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else
             {
-                return arg >= T(0) && arg < static_cast<T>(shape[dim]) && check_in_bounds_impl<S, dim + 1>(shape, args...);
+                return arg >= T(0) && arg < static_cast<T>(shape[dim])
+                       && check_in_bounds_impl<S, dim + 1>(shape, args...);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -819,7 +848,7 @@ namespace xt
             else
             {
                 T n = static_cast<T>(shape[dim]);
-                arg = (n + (arg%n)) % n;
+                arg = (n + (arg % n)) % n;
                 normalize_periodic_impl<S, dim + 1>(shape, args...);
             }
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 305377f76..70ade1458 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_TENSOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_TENSOR_HPP
@@ -414,7 +414,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container()
-        : base_type(), m_storage(N == 0 ? 1 : 0, value_type())
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(N == 0 ? 1 : 0, value_type())
     {
     }
 
@@ -451,7 +452,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_container
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
-    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container(const shape_type& shape, const_reference value, layout_type l)
+    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container(
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const_reference value,
+        layout_type l
+    )
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, l);
@@ -478,7 +483,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param value the value of the elements
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
-    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container(const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides, const_reference value)
+    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container(
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const strides_type& strides,
+        const_reference value
+    )
         : base_type()
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, strides);
@@ -493,25 +502,33 @@ namespace xt
      * @param strides the strides of the xtensor_container
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
-    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container(storage_type&& storage, inner_shape_type&& shape, inner_strides_type&& strides)
-        : base_type(std::move(shape), std::move(strides)), m_storage(std::move(storage))
+    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container(
+        storage_type&& storage,
+        inner_shape_type&& shape,
+        inner_strides_type&& strides
+    )
+        : base_type(std::move(shape), std::move(strides))
+        , m_storage(std::move(storage))
     {
     }
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     template <class SC>
     inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_container(xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>&& rhs)
-        : base_type(xtl::forward_sequence<inner_shape_type, decltype(rhs.shape())>(rhs.shape()),
-                    xtl::forward_sequence<inner_strides_type, decltype(rhs.strides())>(rhs.strides()),
-                    xtl::forward_sequence<inner_backstrides_type, decltype(rhs.backstrides())>(rhs.backstrides()),
-                    std::move(rhs.layout())),
-          m_storage(std::move(rhs.storage()))
+        : base_type(
+            xtl::forward_sequence<inner_shape_type, decltype(rhs.shape())>(rhs.shape()),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<inner_strides_type, decltype(rhs.strides())>(rhs.strides()),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<inner_backstrides_type, decltype(rhs.backstrides())>(rhs.backstrides()),
+            std::move(rhs.layout())
+        )
+        , m_storage(std::move(rhs.storage()))
     {
     }
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     template <class SC>
-    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>& xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::operator=(xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>&& rhs)
+    inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>&
+    xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::operator=(xarray_container<EC, L, SC, Tag>&& rhs)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(N == rhs.dimension(), "Cannot change dimension of xtensor.");
         std::copy(rhs.shape().begin(), rhs.shape().end(), this->shape_impl().begin());
@@ -522,7 +539,6 @@ namespace xt
         return *this;
     }
 
-
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     template <class S>
     inline xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag> xtensor_container<EC, N, L, Tag>::from_shape(S&& s)
@@ -531,6 +547,7 @@ namespace xt
         shape_type shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, S>(s);
         return self_type(shape);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     /**
@@ -564,6 +581,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
@@ -592,7 +610,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     inline xtensor_adaptor<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_adaptor(storage_type&& storage)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::move(storage))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::move(storage))
     {
     }
 
@@ -602,7 +621,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     inline xtensor_adaptor<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_adaptor(const storage_type& storage)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(storage)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(storage)
     {
     }
 
@@ -616,7 +636,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     template <class D>
     inline xtensor_adaptor<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_adaptor(D&& storage, const shape_type& shape, layout_type l)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, l);
     }
@@ -630,11 +651,17 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     template <class D>
-    inline xtensor_adaptor<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_adaptor(D&& storage, const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
+    inline xtensor_adaptor<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_adaptor(
+        D&& storage,
+        const shape_type& shape,
+        const strides_type& strides
+    )
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, strides);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
@@ -676,6 +703,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
@@ -711,7 +739,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     inline xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_view(storage_type&& storage)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::move(storage))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::move(storage))
     {
     }
 
@@ -721,7 +750,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     inline xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_view(const storage_type& storage)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(storage)
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(storage)
     {
     }
 
@@ -735,7 +765,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     template <class D>
     inline xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_view(D&& storage, const shape_type& shape, layout_type l)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, l);
     }
@@ -750,10 +781,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
     template <class D>
     inline xtensor_view<EC, N, L, Tag>::xtensor_view(D&& storage, const shape_type& shape, const strides_type& strides)
-        : base_type(), m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
+        : base_type()
+        , m_storage(std::forward<D>(storage))
     {
         base_type::resize(shape, strides);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
@@ -785,6 +818,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
@@ -821,7 +855,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @return ``xt::xtensor<typename index_type::value_type, 2>`` (e.g. ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 2>``)
      */
     template <class T>
-    inline auto from_indices(const std::vector<T> &idx)
+    inline auto from_indices(const std::vector<T>& idx)
     {
         using return_type = xtensor<typename T::value_type, 2>;
         using size_type = typename return_type::size_type;
@@ -853,7 +887,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @return ``xt::xtensor<typename index_type::value_type, 1>`` (e.g. ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 1>``)
      */
     template <class T>
-    inline auto flatten_indices(const std::vector<T> &idx)
+    inline auto flatten_indices(const std::vector<T>& idx)
     {
         auto n = idx.size();
         if (n != 0)
@@ -864,7 +898,14 @@ namespace xt
         using return_type = xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1>;
         return_type out = return_type::from_shape({n});
         auto iter = out.begin();
-        for_each(idx.begin(), idx.end(), [&iter](const auto& t) { iter = std::copy(t.cbegin(), t.cend(), iter); });
+        for_each(
+            idx.begin(),
+            idx.end(),
+            [&iter](const auto& t)
+            {
+                iter = std::copy(t.cbegin(), t.cend(), iter);
+            }
+        );
 
         return out;
     }
@@ -920,7 +961,8 @@ namespace xt
      * @return ``xt::xtensor<typename index_type::value_type, 1>`` (e.g. ``xt::xtensor<size_t, 1>``)
      */
     template <class Tag = ravel_tensor_tag, class C, class S>
-    ravel_return_type_t<C, Tag> ravel_indices(const C& idx, const S& shape, layout_type l = layout_type::row_major)
+    ravel_return_type_t<C, Tag>
+    ravel_indices(const C& idx, const S& shape, layout_type l = layout_type::row_major)
     {
         using return_type = typename detail::ravel_return_type<C, Tag>::type;
         using value_type = typename detail::ravel_return_type<C, Tag>::value_type;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 1195c6da6..0c9cd8957 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
 // Exception support.
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
 #include <iostream>
-#define XTENSOR_THROW(_, msg)            \
-    {                                    \
-      std::cerr << msg << std::endl;     \
-      std::abort();                      \
+#define XTENSOR_THROW(_, msg)          \
+    {                                  \
+        std::cerr << msg << std::endl; \
+        std::abort();                  \
     }
 #else
 #define XTENSOR_THROW(exception, msg) throw exception(msg)
@@ -35,17 +35,17 @@
 
 // Workaround for some missing constexpr functionality in MSVC 2015 and MSVC 2017 x86
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
-    #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED const
-    // The following must not be defined to const, otherwise
-    // it prevents generation of copy operators of classes
-    // containing XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC members
-    #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC
-    #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN inline
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED const
+// The following must not be defined to const, otherwise
+// it prevents generation of copy operators of classes
+// containing XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC members
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN inline
 #else
-    #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED constexpr
-    #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN constexpr
-    #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC constexpr static
-    #define XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED constexpr
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN constexpr
+#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC constexpr static
+#define XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
 #endif
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER
@@ -58,42 +58,40 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-    #include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
-    #define XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT xsimd::default_arch::alignment()
+#include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
+#define XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT xsimd::default_arch::alignment()
 #endif
 
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR
 #ifdef XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING
-    #ifndef XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY
-        #define XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY xt::alloc_tracking::policy::print
-    #endif
-    #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-        #include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
-        #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
-            xt::tracking_allocator<T, xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>, XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY>
-    #else
-        #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
-            xt::tracking_allocator<T, std::allocator<T>, XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY>
-    #endif
+#ifndef XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY
+#define XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY xt::alloc_tracking::policy::print
+#endif
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
+#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
+    xt::tracking_allocator<T, xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>, XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY>
 #else
-    #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
+    xt::tracking_allocator<T, std::allocator<T>, XTENSOR_ALLOC_TRACKING_POLICY>
+#endif
+#else
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
 
-        #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
-            xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>
-    #else
-        #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) \
-            std::allocator<T>
-    #endif
+#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>
+#else
+#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) std::allocator<T>
+#endif
 #endif
 #endif
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT
-    #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
-        #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT
-    #else
-        #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT 0
-    #endif
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT
+#else
+#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT 0
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
index c2bfc452d..c87707aa6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_FORWARD_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_FORWARD_HPP
@@ -47,12 +47,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     class svector;
 
-    template <class EC,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              class SC = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(typename EC::value_type,
-                                                 typename EC::allocator_type,
-                                                 std::allocator<typename EC::size_type>),
-              class Tag = xtensor_expression_tag>
+    template <
+        class EC,
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class SC = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(typename EC::value_type, typename EC::allocator_type, std::allocator<typename EC::size_type>),
+        class Tag = xtensor_expression_tag>
     class xarray_container;
 
     /**
@@ -75,18 +74,18 @@ namespace xt
      * @tparam A The allocator of the container holding the elements.
      * @tparam SA The allocator of the containers holding the shape and the strides.
      */
-    template <class T,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
-              class SA = std::allocator<typename std::vector<T, A>::size_type>>
+    template <
+        class T,
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
+        class SA = std::allocator<typename std::vector<T, A>::size_type>>
     using xarray = xarray_container<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER(T, A), L, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(T, A, SA)>;
 
-    template <class EC,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              class SC = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(typename EC::value_type,
-                                                 std::allocator<typename EC::size_type>,
-                                                 std::allocator<typename EC::size_type>),
-              class Tag = xtensor_expression_tag>
+    template <
+        class EC,
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class SC = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(typename EC::value_type, std::allocator<typename EC::size_type>, std::allocator<typename EC::size_type>),
+        class Tag = xtensor_expression_tag>
     class xarray_adaptor;
 
     /**
@@ -99,12 +98,17 @@ namespace xt
      * @tparam BA The allocator of the container holding the missing flags.
      * @tparam SA The allocator of the containers holding the shape and the strides.
      */
-    template <class T,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
-              class BC = xtl::xdynamic_bitset<std::size_t>,
-              class SA = std::allocator<typename std::vector<T, A>::size_type>>
-    using xarray_optional = xarray_container<xtl::xoptional_vector<T, A, BC>, L, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(T, A, SA), xoptional_expression_tag>;
+    template <
+        class T,
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
+        class BC = xtl::xdynamic_bitset<std::size_t>,
+        class SA = std::allocator<typename std::vector<T, A>::size_type>>
+    using xarray_optional = xarray_container<
+        xtl::xoptional_vector<T, A, BC>,
+        L,
+        XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(T, A, SA),
+        xoptional_expression_tag>;
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class Tag = xtensor_expression_tag>
     class xtensor_container;
@@ -129,10 +133,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the tensor (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT).
      * @tparam A The allocator of the containers holding the elements.
      */
-    template <class T,
-              std::size_t N,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T)>
+    template <class T, std::size_t N, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T)>
     using xtensor = xtensor_container<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER(T, A), N, L>;
 
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, class Tag = xtensor_expression_tag>
@@ -177,10 +178,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the tensor (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT).
      * @tparam Sharable Whether the tensor can be used in a shared expression.
      */
-    template <class T,
-              class FSH,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              bool Sharable = true>
+    template <class T, class FSH, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT, bool Sharable = true>
     using xtensor_fixed = xfixed_container<T, FSH, L, Sharable>;
 
     /**
@@ -193,11 +191,12 @@ namespace xt
      * @tparam A The allocator of the containers holding the elements.
      * @tparam BA The allocator of the container holding the missing flags.
      */
-    template <class T,
-              std::size_t N,
-              layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
-              class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
-              class BC = xtl::xdynamic_bitset<std::size_t>>
+    template <
+        class T,
+        std::size_t N,
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class A = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T),
+        class BC = xtl::xdynamic_bitset<std::size_t>>
     using xtensor_optional = xtensor_container<xtl::xoptional_vector<T, A, BC>, N, L, xoptional_expression_tag>;
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
index 4ddf146aa..4027114c8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_SIMD_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_SIMD_HPP
 
 #include <vector>
+
 #include <xtl/xdynamic_bitset.hpp>
 
 #include "xutils.hpp"
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
 
 #include <xsimd/xsimd.hpp>
-//#include <xsimd/memory/xsimd_load_store.hpp>
+// #include <xsimd/memory/xsimd_load_store.hpp>
 
 #if defined(_MSV_VER) && (_MSV_VER < 1910)
 template <class T, class A>
@@ -66,11 +67,11 @@ namespace xt_simd
     template <class T1, class T2>
     using simd_return_type = xsimd::simd_return_type<T1, T2>;
 
-    using xsimd::load_as;
-    using xsimd::store_as;
     using xsimd::broadcast_as;
-    using xsimd::select;
     using xsimd::get_alignment_offset;
+    using xsimd::load_as;
+    using xsimd::select;
+    using xsimd::store_as;
 
     template <class V>
     using is_batch_bool = xsimd::is_batch_bool<V>;
@@ -244,7 +245,10 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class E, class T>
-        struct has_load_simd<E, T, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().template load_simd<aligned_mode, T>(typename E::size_type(0)))>>
+        struct has_load_simd<
+            E,
+            T,
+            void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().template load_simd<aligned_mode, T>(typename E::size_type(0)))>>
             : std::true_type
         {
         };
@@ -266,19 +270,19 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class T>
-    struct has_simd_type
-        : std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_same<T, xt_simd::simd_type<T>>::value>
+    struct has_simd_type : std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_same<T, xt_simd::simd_type<T>>::value>
     {
     };
 
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class F, class B, class = void>
-        struct has_simd_apply_impl : std::false_type {};
+        struct has_simd_apply_impl : std::false_type
+        {
+        };
 
         template <class F, class B>
-        struct has_simd_apply_impl<F, B, void_t<decltype(&F::template simd_apply<B>)>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct has_simd_apply_impl<F, B, void_t<decltype(&F::template simd_apply<B>)>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 2b9f439ee..3a7223410 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_UTILS_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_UTILS_HPP
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <xtl/xfunctional.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 #if (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
-    #define NOEXCEPT(T)
+#define NOEXCEPT(T)
 #else
-    #define NOEXCEPT(T) noexcept(T)
+#define NOEXCEPT(T) noexcept(T)
 #endif
 
 namespace xt
@@ -156,9 +156,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <std::size_t I, class F, class... T>
-        inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(T), void>::type
-        for_each_impl(F&& f, std::tuple<T...>& t)
-            noexcept(noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))))
+            inline typename std::enable_if < I<sizeof...(T), void>::type
+            for_each_impl(F&& f, std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))))
         {
             f(std::get<I>(t));
             for_each_impl<I + 1, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
@@ -166,8 +165,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class... T>
-    inline void for_each(F&& f, std::tuple<T...>& t)
-        noexcept(noexcept(detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t)))
+    inline void for_each(F&& f, std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(
+        noexcept(detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t))
+    )
     {
         detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
     }
@@ -181,9 +181,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <std::size_t I, class F, class... T>
-        inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(T), void>::type
-        for_each_impl(F&& f, const std::tuple<T...>& t)
-            noexcept(noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))))
+            inline typename std::enable_if < I<sizeof...(T), void>::type
+            for_each_impl(F&& f, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))))
         {
             f(std::get<I>(t));
             for_each_impl<I + 1, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
@@ -191,8 +190,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class... T>
-    inline void for_each(F&& f, const std::tuple<T...>& t)
-        noexcept(noexcept(detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t)))
+    inline void for_each(F&& f, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(
+        noexcept(detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t))
+    )
     {
         detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
     }
@@ -213,9 +213,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <std::size_t I, class F, class R, class... T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<I < sizeof...(T), R>
-        accumulate_impl(F&& f, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& t)
-            noexcept(noexcept(f(init, std::get<I>(t))))
+            inline std::enable_if_t < I<sizeof...(T), R>
+            accumulate_impl(F&& f, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(noexcept(f(init, std::get<I>(t))))
         {
             R res = f(init, std::get<I>(t));
             return accumulate_impl<I + 1, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), res, t);
@@ -223,8 +222,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class R, class... T>
-    inline R accumulate(F&& f, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& t)
-        noexcept(noexcept(detail::accumulate_impl<0, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), init, t)))
+    inline R accumulate(F&& f, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(
+        noexcept(detail::accumulate_impl<0, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), init, t))
+    )
     {
         return detail::accumulate_impl<0, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), init, t);
     }
@@ -288,7 +288,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class R, class F, class... S>
-    inline R apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s) NOEXCEPT(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))))
+    inline R apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s)
+        NOEXCEPT(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))))
     {
         return detail::apply<R>(index, std::forward<F>(func), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(), s);
     }
@@ -360,13 +361,14 @@ namespace xt
     // scalar normalize axis
     inline std::size_t normalize_axis(std::size_t dim, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
-        return axis < 0 ? static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(dim) + axis) : static_cast<std::size_t>(axis);
+        return axis < 0 ? static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(dim) + axis)
+                        : static_cast<std::size_t>(axis);
     }
 
     template <class E, class C>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value &&
-                     xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value,
-                     rebind_container_t<std::size_t, std::decay_t<C>>>
+    inline std::enable_if_t<
+        !xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value && xtl::is_signed<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value,
+        rebind_container_t<std::size_t, std::decay_t<C>>>
     normalize_axis(E& expr, C&& axes)
     {
         rebind_container_t<std::size_t, std::decay_t<C>> res;
@@ -377,17 +379,33 @@ namespace xt
             res[i] = normalize_axis(expr.dimension(), axes[i]);
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(res.begin(), res.end(), [&expr](auto ax_el) { return ax_el < expr.dimension(); }));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(
+            res.begin(),
+            res.end(),
+            [&expr](auto ax_el)
+            {
+                return ax_el < expr.dimension();
+            }
+        ));
 
         return res;
     }
 
     template <class C, class E>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value && std::is_unsigned<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value, C&&>
+    inline std::enable_if_t<
+        !xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<C>>::value && std::is_unsigned<typename std::decay_t<C>::value_type>::value,
+        C&&>
     normalize_axis(E& expr, C&& axes)
     {
         static_cast<void>(expr);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(axes.begin(), axes.end(), [&expr](auto ax_el) { return ax_el < expr.dimension(); }));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(
+            axes.begin(),
+            axes.end(),
+            [&expr](auto ax_el)
+            {
+                return ax_el < expr.dimension();
+            }
+        ));
         return std::forward<C>(axes);
     }
 
@@ -398,34 +416,63 @@ namespace xt
         R res;
         xt::resize_container(res, xtl::sequence_size(axes));
         auto dim = expr.dimension();
-        std::transform(std::begin(axes), std::end(axes), std::begin(res), [&dim](auto ax_el) {
-            return normalize_axis(dim, ax_el);
-        });
+        std::transform(
+            std::begin(axes),
+            std::end(axes),
+            std::begin(res),
+            [&dim](auto ax_el)
+            {
+                return normalize_axis(dim, ax_el);
+            }
+        );
 
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(res.begin(), res.end(), [&expr](auto ax_el) { return ax_el < expr.dimension(); }));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(
+            res.begin(),
+            res.end(),
+            [&expr](auto ax_el)
+            {
+                return ax_el < expr.dimension();
+            }
+        ));
 
         return res;
     }
 
     template <class R, class E, class C>
-    inline auto forward_normalize(E& expr, C&& axes)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && !std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value, R>
+    inline auto forward_normalize(E& expr, C&& axes) -> std::enable_if_t<
+        !xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && !std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value,
+        R>
     {
         static_cast<void>(expr);
 
         R res;
         xt::resize_container(res, xtl::sequence_size(axes));
         std::copy(std::begin(axes), std::end(axes), std::begin(res));
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(res.begin(), res.end(), [&expr](auto ax_el) { return ax_el < expr.dimension(); }));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(
+            res.begin(),
+            res.end(),
+            [&expr](auto ax_el)
+            {
+                return ax_el < expr.dimension();
+            }
+        ));
         return res;
     }
 
     template <class R, class E, class C>
-    inline auto forward_normalize(E& expr, C&& axes)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value, R&&>
+    inline auto forward_normalize(E& expr, C&& axes) -> std::enable_if_t<
+        !xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value && std::is_same<R, std::decay_t<C>>::value,
+        R&&>
     {
         static_cast<void>(expr);
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(std::begin(axes), std::end(axes), [&expr](auto ax_el) { return ax_el < expr.dimension(); }));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(
+            std::begin(axes),
+            std::end(axes),
+            [&expr](auto ax_el)
+            {
+                return ax_el < expr.dimension();
+            }
+        ));
         return std::move(axes);
     }
 
@@ -454,22 +501,22 @@ namespace xt
 
     // When subclassing from std::tuple not all compilers are able to correctly instantiate get
     // See here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/37188019/2528668
-    template <std::size_t I, template <typename... Args> class T, typename ...Args>
+    template <std::size_t I, template <typename... Args> class T, typename... Args>
     decltype(auto) get(T<Args...>&& v)
     {
-      return std::get<I>(static_cast<std::tuple<Args...>&&>(v));
+        return std::get<I>(static_cast<std::tuple<Args...>&&>(v));
     }
 
-    template <std::size_t I, template <typename... Args> class T, typename ...Args>
+    template <std::size_t I, template <typename... Args> class T, typename... Args>
     decltype(auto) get(T<Args...>& v)
     {
-      return std::get<I>(static_cast<std::tuple<Args...>&>(v));
+        return std::get<I>(static_cast<std::tuple<Args...>&>(v));
     }
 
-    template <std::size_t I, template <typename... Args> class T, typename ...Args>
-    decltype(auto) get(const T<Args...> & v)
+    template <std::size_t I, template <typename... Args> class T, typename... Args>
+    decltype(auto) get(const T<Args...>& v)
     {
-      return std::get<I>(static_cast<const std::tuple<Args...> &>(v));
+        return std::get<I>(static_cast<const std::tuple<Args...>&>(v));
     }
 
     /***************************
@@ -478,8 +525,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <class T, class U, bool = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value,
-                  bool = std::is_volatile<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value>
+        template <
+            class T,
+            class U,
+            bool = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value,
+            bool = std::is_volatile<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value>
         struct apply_cv_impl
         {
             using type = U;
@@ -537,10 +587,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class U>
     using apply_cv_t = typename apply_cv<T, U>::type;
 
-
     /**************************
-    * to_array implementation *
-    ***************************/
+     * to_array implementation *
+     ***************************/
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -574,21 +623,25 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return N;
     }
+
     /***********************************
      * has_storage_type implementation *
      ***********************************/
 
     template <class T, class = void>
     struct has_storage_type : std::false_type
-    {};
+    {
+    };
 
-    template<class T>
+    template <class T>
     struct xcontainer_inner_types;
 
     template <class T>
     struct has_storage_type<T, void_t<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>>
-        : xtl::negation<std::is_same<typename std::remove_cv<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>::type, invalid_type>>
-    {};
+        : xtl::negation<
+              std::is_same<typename std::remove_cv<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>::type, invalid_type>>
+    {
+    };
 
     /*************************************
      * has_data_interface implementation *
@@ -600,8 +653,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct has_data_interface<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().data())>>
-        : std::true_type
+    struct has_data_interface<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().data())>> : std::true_type
     {
     };
 
@@ -611,8 +663,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct has_strides<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().strides())>>
-        : std::true_type
+    struct has_strides<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().strides())>> : std::true_type
     {
     };
 
@@ -622,8 +673,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct has_iterator_interface<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().begin())>>
-        : std::true_type
+    struct has_iterator_interface<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().begin())>> : std::true_type
     {
     };
 
@@ -637,13 +687,10 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct is_iterator<E, void_t<decltype(
-        *std::declval<const E>(),
-        std::declval<const E>() == std::declval<const E>(),
-        std::declval<const E>() != std::declval<const E>(),
-        ++ (*std::declval<E*>()),
-        (*std::declval<E*>()) ++,
-        std::true_type())>>
+    struct is_iterator<
+        E,
+        void_t<
+            decltype(*std::declval<const E>(), std::declval<const E>() == std::declval<const E>(), std::declval<const E>() != std::declval<const E>(), ++(*std::declval<E*>()), (*std::declval<E*>())++, std::true_type())>>
         : std::true_type
     {
     };
@@ -742,8 +789,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, class A, alloc_tracking::policy P>
-    struct tracking_allocator
-        : private A
+    struct tracking_allocator : private A
     {
         using base_type = A;
         using value_type = typename A::value_type;
@@ -766,16 +812,17 @@ namespace xt
                 }
                 else if (P == alloc_tracking::assert)
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error,
-                                  "xtensor allocation of " + std::to_string(n) +
-                                  " elements detected");
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(
+                        std::runtime_error,
+                        "xtensor allocation of " + std::to_string(n) + " elements detected"
+                    );
                 }
             }
             return base_type::allocate(n);
         }
 
-        using base_type::deallocate;
         using base_type::construct;
+        using base_type::deallocate;
         using base_type::destroy;
 
         template <class U>
@@ -789,13 +836,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class AT, alloc_tracking::policy PT, class U, class AU, alloc_tracking::policy PU>
     inline bool operator==(const tracking_allocator<T, AT, PT>&, const tracking_allocator<U, AU, PU>&)
     {
-      return std::is_same<AT, AU>::value;
+        return std::is_same<AT, AU>::value;
     }
 
     template <class T, class AT, alloc_tracking::policy PT, class U, class AU, alloc_tracking::policy PU>
     inline bool operator!=(const tracking_allocator<T, AT, PT>& a, const tracking_allocator<U, AU, PU>& b)
     {
-      return !(a == b);
+        return !(a == b);
     }
 
     /*****************
@@ -869,8 +916,7 @@ namespace xt
         // Since we cannot create a buffer adaptor holding data, we map it to an std::vector.
         using type = std::vector<
             typename xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>::value_type,
-            typename xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>::allocator_type
-         >;
+            typename xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>::allocator_type>;
     };
 
 
@@ -885,9 +931,10 @@ namespace xt
     struct inner_reference
     {
         using storage_type = std::decay_t<ST>;
-        using type = std::conditional_t<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<ST>>::value,
-                                        typename storage_type::const_reference,
-                                        typename storage_type::reference>;
+        using type = std::conditional_t<
+            std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<ST>>::value,
+            typename storage_type::const_reference,
+            typename storage_type::reference>;
     };
 
     template <class ST>
@@ -904,7 +951,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct get_rank<E, decltype((void)E::rank, void())>
+    struct get_rank<E, decltype((void) E::rank, void())>
     {
         constexpr static std::size_t value = E::rank;
     };
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp b/include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
index 9a572644e..c7bfa5e52 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_VECTORIZE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_VECTORIZE_HPP
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ namespace xt
 // for the definition of another overload.
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
     template <class F>
-    auto vectorize(F&& f) -> decltype(vectorize(std::forward<F>(f), std::declval<detail::get_function_type<F>*>()));
+    auto vectorize(F&& f)
+        -> decltype(vectorize(std::forward<F>(f), std::declval<detail::get_function_type<F>*>()));
 #endif
 
     /******************************
@@ -93,7 +94,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F>
-    inline auto vectorize(F&& f) -> decltype(vectorize(std::forward<F>(f), std::declval<detail::get_function_type<F>*>()))
+    inline auto vectorize(F&& f)
+        -> decltype(vectorize(std::forward<F>(f), std::declval<detail::get_function_type<F>*>()))
     {
         return vectorize(std::forward<F>(f), static_cast<detail::get_function_type<F>*>(nullptr));
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index d1f619267..43eea6dc4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_VIEW_HPP
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xview_utils.hpp"
 
-
 namespace xt
 {
 
@@ -76,26 +75,22 @@ namespace xt
     {
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xrange
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_xrange : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xrange<xrange<T>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_xrange<xrange<T>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class S>
-        struct is_xall_slice
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_xall_slice : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xall_slice<xall<T>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_xall_slice<xall<T>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
@@ -134,32 +129,33 @@ namespace xt
         template <class CT, class... S>
         struct is_xscalar_impl<xview<CT, S...>>
         {
-            static constexpr bool value = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(integral_count<S...>()) == static_dimension<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type>::value ? true : false;
+            static constexpr bool value = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(integral_count<S...>()
+                                          ) == static_dimension<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type>::value
+                                              ? true
+                                              : false;
         };
 
         template <class S>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>>
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>> : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>>
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>> : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         // If we have no discontiguous slices, we can calculate strides for this view.
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_strided_view
-            : std::integral_constant<bool, xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>,
-                                                            is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
+            : std::integral_constant<
+                  bool,
+                  xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>, is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
         {
         };
 
@@ -183,13 +179,14 @@ namespace xt
             static constexpr bool have_all_seen = all_seen || is_all_slice;
             static constexpr bool have_range_seen = is_range_slice;
 
-            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid && (have_all_seen ? is_all_slice : (!range_seen && (is_int_slice || is_range_slice)));
+            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid
+                                             && (have_all_seen
+                                                     ? is_all_slice
+                                                     : (!range_seen && (is_int_slice || is_range_slice)));
 
-            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major,
-                                                                  is_valid,
-                                                                  have_all_seen,
-                                                                  range_seen || is_range_slice,
-                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::value;
+            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl < layout_type::row_major, is_valid,
+                                  have_all_seen, range_seen || is_range_slice,
+                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t < V >> ::value;
         };
 
         template <bool valid, bool all_seen, bool range_seen>
@@ -211,12 +208,13 @@ namespace xt
 
             static constexpr bool have_int_seen = int_seen || is_int_slice;
 
-            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid && (have_int_seen ? is_int_slice : (!range_seen && (is_all_slice || is_range_slice)));
-            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::column_major,
-                                                                  is_valid,
-                                                                  have_int_seen,
-                                                                  is_range_slice || range_seen,
-                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::value;
+            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid
+                                             && (have_int_seen
+                                                     ? is_int_slice
+                                                     : (!range_seen && (is_all_slice || is_range_slice)));
+            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl < layout_type::column_major, is_valid,
+                                  have_int_seen, is_range_slice || range_seen,
+                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t < V >> ::value;
         };
 
         template <bool valid, bool int_seen, bool range_seen>
@@ -228,11 +226,14 @@ namespace xt
         // TODO relax has_data_interface constraint here!
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_contiguous_view
-            : std::integral_constant<bool,
-                has_data_interface<E>::value &&
-                !(E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)) &&
-                is_contiguous_view_impl<E::static_layout, true, false, false, xtl::mpl::vector<S...>>::value
-              >
+            : std::integral_constant<
+                  bool,
+                  has_data_interface<E>::value
+                      && !(
+                          E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major
+                          && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)
+                      )
+                      && is_contiguous_view_impl<E::static_layout, true, false, false, xtl::mpl::vector<S...>>::value>
         {
         };
 
@@ -270,21 +271,20 @@ namespace xt
         struct get_contigous_shape_type
         {
             // if we have no `range` in the slices we can re-use the shape with an offset
-            using type = std::conditional_t<xtl::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
-                                            typename xview_shape_type<typename E::shape_type, S...>::type,
-                                            // In the false branch we know that we have only integers at the front OR end, and NO range
-                                            typename unwrap_offset_container<E::static_layout, typename E::inner_shape_type, integral_count<S...>()>::type>;
+            using type = std::conditional_t<
+                xtl::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
+                typename xview_shape_type<typename E::shape_type, S...>::type,
+                // In the false branch we know that we have only integers at the front OR end, and NO range
+                typename unwrap_offset_container<E::static_layout, typename E::inner_shape_type, integral_count<S...>()>::type>;
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_sequence_view
-            : std::integral_constant<bool, false>
+        struct is_sequence_view : std::integral_constant<bool, false>
         {
         };
 
         template <class T, std::ptrdiff_t S, std::ptrdiff_t E>
-        struct is_sequence_view<sequence_view<T, S, E>>
-            : std::integral_constant<bool, true>
+        struct is_sequence_view<sequence_view<T, S, E>> : std::integral_constant<bool, true>
         {
         };
     }
@@ -298,15 +298,16 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename xexpression_type::size_type;
         using temporary_type = view_temporary_type_t<xexpression_type, S...>;
 
-        static constexpr layout_type layout =
-            detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value ?
-                xexpression_type::static_layout : layout_type::dynamic;
+        static constexpr layout_type layout = detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value
+                                                  ? xexpression_type::static_layout
+                                                  : layout_type::dynamic;
 
         static constexpr bool is_const = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value;
 
-        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
-                                                         detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                         make_invalid_type<>>;
+        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
+            make_invalid_type<>>;
         using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const extract_storage_type, extract_storage_type>;
     };
 
@@ -318,17 +319,20 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr bool is_strided_view = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value;
         static constexpr bool is_contiguous_view = detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value;
 
-        using inner_shape_type = std::conditional_t<is_contiguous_view,
-                                                    typename detail::get_contigous_shape_type<xexpression_type, S...>::type,
-                                                    typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type>;
+        using inner_shape_type = std::conditional_t<
+            is_contiguous_view,
+            typename detail::get_contigous_shape_type<xexpression_type, S...>::type,
+            typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type>;
 
-        using stepper = std::conditional_t<is_strided_view,
-                                           xstepper<xview<CT, S...>>,
-                                           xview_stepper<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value, CT, S...>>;
+        using stepper = std::conditional_t<
+            is_strided_view,
+            xstepper<xview<CT, S...>>,
+            xview_stepper<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value, CT, S...>>;
 
-        using const_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_strided_view,
-                                                 xstepper<const xview<CT, S...>>,
-                                                 xview_stepper<true, std::remove_cv_t<CT>, S...>>;
+        using const_stepper = std::conditional_t<
+            is_strided_view,
+            xstepper<const xview<CT, S...>>,
+            xview_stepper<true, std::remove_cv_t<CT>, S...>>;
     };
 
     /**
@@ -348,9 +352,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     class xview : public xview_semantic<xview<CT, S...>>,
                   public std::conditional_t<
-                    detail::is_contiguous_view<std::decay_t<CT>, S...>::value,
-                    xcontiguous_iterable<xview<CT, S...>>,
-                    xiterable<xview<CT, S...>>>,
+                      detail::is_contiguous_view<std::decay_t<CT>, S...>::value,
+                      xcontiguous_iterable<xview<CT, S...>>,
+                      xiterable<xview<CT, S...>>>,
                   public xaccessible<xview<CT, S...>>,
                   public extension::xview_base_t<CT, S...>
     {
@@ -372,9 +376,8 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = typename xexpression_type::bool_load_type;
         using reference = typename inner_types::reference;
         using const_reference = typename inner_types::const_reference;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
+        using pointer = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_pointer, typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
         using const_pointer = typename xexpression_type::const_pointer;
         using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
@@ -389,28 +392,35 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_shape_type = typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type;
         using shape_type = typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                   detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                   get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                       detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                       get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
 
-        static constexpr bool has_trivial_strides = is_contiguous_view && !xtl::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
-        using inner_strides_type = std::conditional_t<has_trivial_strides,
-                                                      typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<xexpression_type::static_layout,
-                                                                                               xexpression_inner_strides_type,
-                                                                                               integral_count<S...>()>::type,
-                                                      get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
-
-        using inner_backstrides_type = std::conditional_t<has_trivial_strides,
-                                                          typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<xexpression_type::static_layout,
-                                                                                                   xexpression_inner_backstrides_type,
-                                                                                                   integral_count<S...>()>::type,
-                                                          get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
+        static constexpr bool has_trivial_strides = is_contiguous_view
+                                                    && !xtl::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
+        using inner_strides_type = std::conditional_t<
+            has_trivial_strides,
+            typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<
+                xexpression_type::static_layout,
+                xexpression_inner_strides_type,
+                integral_count<S...>()>::type,
+            get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
+
+        using inner_backstrides_type = std::conditional_t<
+            has_trivial_strides,
+            typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<
+                xexpression_type::static_layout,
+                xexpression_inner_backstrides_type,
+                integral_count<S...>()>::type,
+            get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
 
         using strides_type = get_strides_t<shape_type>;
         using backstrides_type = strides_type;
@@ -421,14 +431,14 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
 
-        using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
-                                                    std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                        typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
-                                                        typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
-                                                    typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
-        using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
-                                                          typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
-                                                          typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
+        using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
+            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+            std::conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator, typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
+            typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
+        using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
+            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+            typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
+            typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<linear_iterator>;
         using const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_linear_iterator>;
@@ -484,48 +494,36 @@ namespace xt
         bool has_linear_assign(const ST& strides) const;
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
-        storage();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&> storage();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
-        storage() const;
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&> storage() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
-        linear_begin();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_begin();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
-        linear_end();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_end();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
@@ -576,12 +574,10 @@ namespace xt
         backstrides() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
-        data() const;
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer> data() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
-        data();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer> data();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
@@ -614,11 +610,13 @@ namespace xt
         size_type underlying_size(size_type dim) const;
 
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<self_type&> operator&() &;
-        xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&> operator&() const &;
+        xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&> operator&() const&;
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<self_type> operator&() &&;
 
-        template <class E, class T = xexpression_type,
-                  class = std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_contiguous_view, int>>
+        template <
+            class E,
+            class T = xexpression_type,
+            class = std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_contiguous_view, int>>
         void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const;
 
         template <class E>
@@ -640,9 +638,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <class align, class simd, class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, void> store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
 
-        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
-                  class T = xexpression_type>
+        template <
+            class align,
+            class requested_type = value_type,
+            std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
+            class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>> load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
@@ -783,9 +783,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        using view_type = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                             const xview<CT, S...>,
-                                             xview<CT, S...>>;
+        using view_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const xview<CT, S...>, xview<CT, S...>>;
         using substepper_type = get_stepper<view_type>;
 
         using value_type = typename substepper_type::value_type;
@@ -797,8 +795,13 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = typename substepper_type::shape_type;
 
         xview_stepper() = default;
-        xview_stepper(view_type* view, substepper_type it,
-                      size_type offset, bool end = false, layout_type l = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL);
+        xview_stepper(
+            view_type* view,
+            substepper_type it,
+            size_type offset,
+            bool end = false,
+            layout_type l = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL
+        );
 
         reference operator*() const;
 
@@ -881,7 +884,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::forward<CTA>(e),
             std::forward<FSL>(first_slice),
             std::forward<SL>(slices)...
-          )
+        )
     {
     }
 
@@ -889,25 +892,26 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class CTA, class FSL, class... SL>
     xview<CT, S...>::xview(std::true_type, CTA&& e, FSL&& first_slice, SL&&... slices) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)),
-          m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...),
-          m_shape(compute_shape(detail::is_sequence_view<inner_shape_type>{})),
-          m_strides(m_e.strides()),
-          m_backstrides(m_e.backstrides()),
-          m_data_offset(data_offset_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>())),
-          m_strides_computed(true)
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
+        , m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...)
+        , m_shape(compute_shape(detail::is_sequence_view<inner_shape_type>{}))
+        , m_strides(m_e.strides())
+        , m_backstrides(m_e.backstrides())
+        , m_data_offset(data_offset_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>()))
+        , m_strides_computed(true)
     {
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class CTA, class FSL, class... SL>
     xview<CT, S...>::xview(std::false_type, CTA&& e, FSL&& first_slice, SL&&... slices) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)),
-          m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...),
-          m_shape(compute_shape(std::false_type{})),
-          m_strides_computed(false)
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
+        , m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...)
+        , m_shape(compute_shape(std::false_type{}))
+        , m_strides_computed(false)
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -930,6 +934,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -968,22 +973,30 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline layout_type xview<CT, S...>::layout() const noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
+            [&](auto self)
             {
-                return static_layout;
-            }
-            else
+                if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
+                {
+                    return static_layout;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    bool strides_match = do_strides_match(
+                        self(this)->shape(),
+                        self(this)->strides(),
+                        self(this)->m_e.layout(),
+                        true
+                    );
+                    return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
+                }
+            },
+            /* else */
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
             {
-                bool strides_match = do_strides_match(self(this)->shape(), self(this)->strides(), self(this)->m_e.layout(), true);
-                return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
+                return layout_type::dynamic;
             }
-        },
-        /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
-        {
-            return layout_type::dynamic;
-        });
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1007,13 +1020,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xview<CT, S...>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
-        });
+        xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1059,7 +1076,6 @@ namespace xt
         return unchecked_impl(make_index_sequence(args...), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
 
-
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class It>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
@@ -1147,16 +1163,15 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
@@ -1262,8 +1277,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1275,8 +1290,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1291,16 +1306,16 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data()
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -1309,9 +1324,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t... I>
     inline std::size_t xview<CT, S...>::data_offset_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
     {
-        auto temp = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(S)>({
-            (static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(xt::value(std::get<I>(m_slices), 0)))...
-        });
+        auto temp = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(S)>(
+            {(static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(xt::value(std::get<I>(m_slices), 0)))...}
+        );
 
         std::ptrdiff_t result = 0;
         std::size_t i = 0;
@@ -1331,8 +1346,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1341,6 +1356,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         return m_data_offset;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1356,7 +1372,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::operator&() const & -> xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::operator&() const& -> xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&>
     {
         return xtl::closure_pointer(*this);
     }
@@ -1393,15 +1409,20 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline bool xview<CT, S...>::has_linear_assign(const ST& str) const
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return str.size() == self(this)->strides().size() &&
-                std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), self(this)->strides().begin());
-
-        }, /*else*/ [](auto /*self*/){
-            return false;
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return str.size() == self(this)->strides().size()
+                       && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), self(this)->strides().begin());
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [](auto /*self*/)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1437,7 +1458,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept -> const_container_iterator
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
+        -> const_container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(data() + data_offset(), l, offset);
     }
@@ -1475,7 +1497,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const
+        -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
     {
         return m_e.template load_simd<xt_simd::unaligned_mode, requested_type>(data_offset() + i);
     }
@@ -1514,9 +1537,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::make_index_sequence(Args...) const noexcept
     {
-        return std::make_index_sequence<(sizeof...(Args)+integral_count<S...>() > newaxis_count<S...>() ?
-                                         sizeof...(Args)+integral_count<S...>() - newaxis_count<S...>() :
-                                         0)>();
+        return std::make_index_sequence<
+            (sizeof...(Args) + integral_count<S...>() > newaxis_count<S...>()
+                 ? sizeof...(Args) + integral_count<S...>() - newaxis_count<S...>()
+                 : 0)>();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1524,11 +1548,12 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::compute_strides_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
     {
         std::size_t original_dim = m_e.dimension();
-        return std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>({
-            (static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(xt::step_size(std::get<integral_skip<S...>(I)>(m_slices), 1)) *
-                ((integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))) < original_dim ?
-                m_e.strides()[integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))] : 1))...
-        });
+        return std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>(
+            {(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(xt::step_size(std::get<integral_skip<S...>(I)>(m_slices), 1))
+              * ((integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))) < original_dim
+                     ? m_e.strides()[integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))]
+                     : 1))...}
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1604,7 +1629,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type... I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const
+        -> const_reference
     {
         return m_e.unchecked(index<I>(args...)...);
     }
@@ -1625,15 +1651,19 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const -> std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
     {
-        return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>
-            (std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices), args...);
+        return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(
+            std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices),
+            args...
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const -> std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
     {
         return argument<I - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>()>(args...);
     }
@@ -1650,7 +1680,8 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::sliced_access(const xslice<T>& slice, Arg arg, Args... args) const -> size_type
     {
         using ST = typename T::size_type;
-        return static_cast<size_type>(slice.derived_cast()(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...)));
+        return static_cast<size_type>(slice.derived_cast(
+        )(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...)));
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1667,14 +1698,17 @@ namespace xt
         auto index = xtl::make_sequence<base_index_type>(m_e.dimension(), 0);
         using diff_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type;
         using ivalue_type = typename base_index_type::value_type;
-        auto func1 = [&first](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto func1 = [&first](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return get_slice_value(s, first);
         };
-        auto func2 = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto func2 = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return xt::value(s, 0);
         };
 
-        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>((std::min)(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension()));
+        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>((std::min
+        )(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension()));
         auto first_copy = last - s;
         for (size_type i = 0; i != m_e.dimension(); ++i)
         {
@@ -1686,13 +1720,12 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (first < last)
             {
-                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(k, func1, m_slices) : static_cast<ivalue_type>(*first);
+                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(k, func1, m_slices)
+                                            : static_cast<ivalue_type>(*first);
             }
             else
             {
-                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(k, func2, m_slices) : ivalue_type(0);
+                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(k, func2, m_slices) : ivalue_type(0);
             }
         }
         return index;
@@ -1709,12 +1742,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::size_t dim = m_e.dimension() - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>();
         auto shape = xtl::make_sequence<inner_shape_type>(dim, 0);
-        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return get_size(s); };
+        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
+            return get_size(s);
+        };
         for (size_type i = 0; i != dim; ++i)
         {
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(i);
-            shape[i] = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                apply<size_type>(index, func, m_slices) : m_e.shape()[index - newaxis_count_before<S...>(index)];
+            shape[i] = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, m_slices)
+                                            : m_e.shape()[index - newaxis_count_before<S...>(index)];
         }
         return shape;
     }
@@ -1728,7 +1764,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class V, class T>
-        inline void run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
+        inline void
+        run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
         {
             std::copy(t.cbegin(), t.cend(), v.begin());
         }
@@ -1737,8 +1774,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview<CT, S...>::assign_temporary_impl(temporary_type&& tmp)
     {
-        constexpr bool fast_assign = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value && \
-                                     xassign_traits<xview<CT, S...>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
+        constexpr bool fast_assign = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value
+                                     && xassign_traits<xview<CT, S...>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
         xview_detail::run_assign_temporary_impl(*this, tmp, std::integral_constant<bool, fast_assign>{});
     }
 
@@ -1771,8 +1808,13 @@ namespace xt
         {
             // Checks that no ellipsis slice is used
             using view_type = xview<xtl::closure_type_t<E>, get_slice_type<std::decay_t<E>, S>...>;
-            return view_type(std::forward<E>(e),
-                get_slice_implementation(e, std::forward<S>(slices), get_underlying_shape_index<std::decay_t<E>, S...>(I))...
+            return view_type(
+                std::forward<E>(e),
+                get_slice_implementation(
+                    e,
+                    std::forward<S>(slices),
+                    get_underlying_shape_index<std::decay_t<E>, S...>(I)
+                )...
             );
         }
     }
@@ -1789,7 +1831,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class... S>
     inline auto view(E&& e, S&&... slices)
     {
-        return detail::make_view_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(), std::forward<S>(slices)...);
+        return detail::make_view_impl(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(),
+            std::forward<S>(slices)...
+        );
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -1797,7 +1843,8 @@ namespace xt
         class row_impl
         {
         public:
-            template<class E>
+
+            template <class E>
             static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
@@ -1806,16 +1853,20 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
         private:
-            template<class S>
+
+            template <class S>
             static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(
+                        std::invalid_argument,
+                        "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions"
+                    );
                 }
             }
 
-            template<class T, std::size_t N>
+            template <class T, std::size_t N>
             static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
@@ -1825,7 +1876,8 @@ namespace xt
         class column_impl
         {
         public:
-            template<class E>
+
+            template <class E>
             static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
@@ -1834,16 +1886,20 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
         private:
-            template<class S>
+
+            template <class S>
             static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(
+                        std::invalid_argument,
+                        "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions"
+                    );
                 }
             }
 
-            template<class T, std::size_t N>
+            template <class T, std::size_t N>
             static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
@@ -1895,7 +1951,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, m_e.stepper_end(m_e.shape(), l), offset, true, l);
@@ -1903,7 +1960,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
@@ -1912,7 +1970,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
@@ -1929,7 +1988,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -1937,7 +1997,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
@@ -1945,7 +2006,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const-> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -1956,14 +2018,24 @@ namespace xt
      ********************************/
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
-    inline xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::xview_stepper(view_type* view, substepper_type it,
-                                                            size_type offset, bool end, layout_type l)
-        : p_view(view), m_it(it), m_offset(offset)
+    inline xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::xview_stepper(
+        view_type* view,
+        substepper_type it,
+        size_type offset,
+        bool end,
+        layout_type l
+    )
+        : p_view(view)
+        , m_it(it)
+        , m_offset(offset)
     {
         if (!end)
         {
             std::fill(m_index_keeper.begin(), m_index_keeper.end(), 0);
-            auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return xt::value(s, 0); };
+            auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
+                return xt::value(s, 0);
+            };
             for (size_type i = 0; i < sizeof...(S); ++i)
             {
                 if (!is_newaxis_slice(i))
@@ -1989,14 +2061,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step(index, offset);
+        };
         common_step_forward(dim, func);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) {
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
             m_it.step_back(index, offset);
         };
         common_step_backward(dim, func);
@@ -2005,14 +2081,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step(index, offset);
+        };
         common_step_forward(dim, n, func);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step_back(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) {
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
             m_it.step_back(index, offset);
         };
         common_step_backward(dim, n, func);
@@ -2021,14 +2101,20 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::reset(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step_back(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step_back(index, offset);
+        };
         common_reset(dim, func, false);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::reset_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step(index, offset);
+        };
         common_reset(dim, func, true);
     }
 
@@ -2056,10 +2142,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::to_end_impl(layout_type l)
     {
-        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1);
         };
-        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return get_size(s);
         };
 
@@ -2109,14 +2197,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim]++, 1);
             };
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : 1;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : 1;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2129,7 +2218,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 auto st_size = step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], n);
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim] += n;
                 return size_type(st_size);
@@ -2138,8 +2228,8 @@ namespace xt
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : n;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : n;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2152,15 +2242,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim]--;
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], 1);
             };
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : 1;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : 1;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2173,7 +2264,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim] -= n;
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], n);
             };
@@ -2181,8 +2273,8 @@ namespace xt
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : n;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : n;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2193,19 +2285,27 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F>
     void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::common_reset(size_type dim, F f, bool backwards)
     {
-        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return get_size(s); };
-        auto end_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1) - xt::value(s, 0); };
+        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
+            return get_size(s);
+        };
+        auto end_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1) - xt::value(s, 0);
+        };
 
         size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
         if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
         {
             if (dim < m_index_keeper.size())
             {
-                size_type size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, size_func, p_view->slices()) : p_view->shape()[dim];
+                size_type size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, size_func, p_view->slices())
+                                                      : p_view->shape()[dim];
                 m_index_keeper[dim] = backwards ? size - 1 : 0;
             }
 
-            size_type reset_n = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, end_func, p_view->slices()) : p_view->shape()[dim] - 1;
+            size_type reset_n = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, end_func, p_view->slices())
+                                                     : p_view->shape()[dim] - 1;
             index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
             f(index, reset_n);
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
index 6691c16cc..5040a8a01 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_VIEW_UTILS_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_VIEW_UTILS_HPP
@@ -81,19 +81,19 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class... SL>
     struct view_temporary_type
     {
-        using type = typename detail::view_temporary_type_impl<std::decay_t<typename E::value_type>,
-                                                               typename E::shape_type,
-                                                               E::static_layout,
-                                                               SL...>::type;
+        using type = typename detail::view_temporary_type_impl<
+            std::decay_t<typename E::value_type>,
+            typename E::shape_type,
+            E::static_layout,
+            SL...>::type;
     };
 
     template <class E, class... SL>
     using view_temporary_type_t = typename view_temporary_type<E, SL...>::type;
 
-
     /************************
-    * count integral types *
-    ************************/
+     * count integral types *
+     ************************/
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -103,7 +103,10 @@ namespace xt
         {
             static constexpr std::size_t count(std::size_t i) noexcept
             {
-                return i ? (integral_count_impl<S...>::count(i - 1) + (xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 : 0)) : 0;
+                return i
+                           ? (integral_count_impl<S...>::count(i - 1)
+                              + (xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 : 0))
+                           : 0;
             }
         };
 
@@ -130,8 +133,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /***********************
-    * count newaxis types *
-    ***********************/
+     * count newaxis types *
+     ***********************/
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -150,7 +153,10 @@ namespace xt
         {
             static constexpr std::size_t count(std::size_t i) noexcept
             {
-                return i ? (newaxis_count_impl<S...>::count(i - 1) + (is_newaxis<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 : 0)) : 0;
+                return i
+                           ? (newaxis_count_impl<S...>::count(i - 1)
+                              + (is_newaxis<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 : 0))
+                           : 0;
             }
         };
 
@@ -177,8 +183,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**********************************
-    * index of ith non-integral type *
-    **********************************/
+     * index of ith non-integral type *
+     **********************************/
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -195,16 +201,17 @@ namespace xt
 
             static constexpr std::size_t count_impl(std::size_t i) noexcept
             {
-                return 1 + (
-                    xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ?
-                    integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(i) :
-                    integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(i - 1)
-                    );
+                return 1
+                       + (xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value
+                              ? integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(i)
+                              : integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(i - 1));
             }
 
             static constexpr std::size_t count_impl() noexcept
             {
-                return xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 + integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(0) : 0;
+                return xtl::is_integral<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value
+                           ? 1 + integral_skip_impl<S...>::count(0)
+                           : 0;
             }
         };
 
@@ -225,8 +232,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /*********************************
-    * index of ith non-newaxis type *
-    *********************************/
+     * index of ith non-newaxis type *
+     *********************************/
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -243,16 +250,16 @@ namespace xt
 
             static constexpr std::size_t count_impl(std::size_t i) noexcept
             {
-                return 1 + (
-                    is_newaxis<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ?
-                    newaxis_skip_impl<S...>::count(i) :
-                    newaxis_skip_impl<S...>::count(i - 1)
-                    );
+                return 1
+                       + (is_newaxis<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value
+                              ? newaxis_skip_impl<S...>::count(i)
+                              : newaxis_skip_impl<S...>::count(i - 1));
             }
 
             static constexpr std::size_t count_impl() noexcept
             {
-                return is_newaxis<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 + newaxis_skip_impl<S...>::count(0) : 0;
+                return is_newaxis<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value ? 1 + newaxis_skip_impl<S...>::count(0)
+                                                                     : 0;
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/test/main.cpp b/test/main.cpp
index a2d9121e7..723e3f56b 100644
--- a/test/main.cpp
+++ b/test/main.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
-    #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
 #endif
 #include "doctest/doctest.h"
diff --git a/test/test_common.hpp b/test/test_common.hpp
index f215a9eac..851a5732c 100644
--- a/test/test_common.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef TEST_COMMON_HPP
 #define TEST_COMMON_HPP
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "xtensor/xlayout.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp" // tuple_idx_of
+#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"  // tuple_idx_of
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
@@ -24,29 +24,31 @@
 // with the gtest test where we can
 namespace testing
 {
-    template<class ... ARGS>
-    using Types = std::tuple<ARGS ...>;
+    template <class... ARGS>
+    using Types = std::tuple<ARGS...>;
 
-    struct Test{};
+    struct Test
+    {
+    };
 }
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    template<class C>
-    std::string stringify(const C & container)
+    template <class C>
+    std::string stringify(const C& container)
     {
         std::size_t i = 0;
         std::stringstream ss;
         ss << "[";
-        for(auto && c : container)
+        for (auto&& c : container)
         {
-            if(i + 1 == container.size())
+            if (i + 1 == container.size())
             {
-                ss<<c;
+                ss << c;
             }
             else
             {
-                ss<<c<<",";
+                ss << c << ",";
             }
             ++i;
         }
@@ -100,12 +102,35 @@ namespace xt
         layout_type m_layout;
         assigner_type m_assigner;
 
-        inline size_type size() const { return m_data.size(); }
-        inline const shape_type& shape() const { return m_shape; }
-        inline const strides_type& strides() const { return m_strides; }
-        inline const strides_type& backstrides() const { return m_backstrides; }
-        inline layout_type layout() const { return m_layout; }
-        inline const vector_type& storage() const { return m_data; }
+        inline size_type size() const
+        {
+            return m_data.size();
+        }
+
+        inline const shape_type& shape() const
+        {
+            return m_shape;
+        }
+
+        inline const strides_type& strides() const
+        {
+            return m_strides;
+        }
+
+        inline const strides_type& backstrides() const
+        {
+            return m_backstrides;
+        }
+
+        inline layout_type layout() const
+        {
+            return m_layout;
+        }
+
+        inline const vector_type& storage() const
+        {
+            return m_data;
+        }
     };
 
     template <class C = dynamic_shape<std::size_t>>
@@ -115,9 +140,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             this->m_strides = {8, 4, 1};
             this->m_backstrides = {16, 4, 3};
-            this->m_data = {-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
-                            10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
-                            20, 21, 22, 23};
+            this->m_data = {
+                -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
             this->m_layout = layout_type::row_major;
         }
     };
@@ -129,10 +153,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             this->m_strides = {1, 3, 6};
             this->m_backstrides = {2, 3, 18};
-            this->m_data = {-1, 8, 16, 4, 12, 20,
-                             1, 9, 17, 5, 13, 21,
-                             2, 10, 18, 6, 14, 22,
-                             3, 11, 19, 7, 15, 23};
+            this->m_data = {
+                -1, 8, 16, 4, 12, 20, 1, 9, 17, 5, 13, 21, 2, 10, 18, 6, 14, 22, 3, 11, 19, 7, 15, 23};
             this->m_layout = layout_type::column_major;
         }
     };
@@ -144,9 +166,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             this->m_strides = {8, 1, 2};
             this->m_backstrides = {16, 1, 6};
-            this->m_data = {-1, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7,
-                            8, 12, 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15,
-                            16, 20, 17, 21, 18, 22, 19, 23};
+            this->m_data = {
+                -1, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 8, 12, 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15, 16, 20, 17, 21, 18, 22, 19, 23};
             this->m_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
         }
     };
@@ -186,12 +207,35 @@ namespace xt
         layout_type m_layout;
         assigner_type m_assigner;
 
-        inline size_type size() const { return m_data.size(); }
-        inline const shape_type& shape() const { return m_shape; }
-        inline const strides_type& strides() const { return m_strides; }
-        inline const strides_type& backstrides() const { return m_backstrides; }
-        inline layout_type layout() const { return m_layout; }
-        inline const vector_type& storage() const { return m_data; }
+        inline size_type size() const
+        {
+            return m_data.size();
+        }
+
+        inline const shape_type& shape() const
+        {
+            return m_shape;
+        }
+
+        inline const strides_type& strides() const
+        {
+            return m_strides;
+        }
+
+        inline const strides_type& backstrides() const
+        {
+            return m_backstrides;
+        }
+
+        inline layout_type layout() const
+        {
+            return m_layout;
+        }
+
+        inline const vector_type& storage() const
+        {
+            return m_data;
+        }
     };
 
     template <class V, class R>
@@ -199,7 +243,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(vec.shape().cbegin(), vec.shape().cend(), result.shape().cbegin()));
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(vec.strides().cbegin(), vec.strides().cend(), result.strides().cbegin()));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(vec.backstrides().cbegin(), vec.backstrides().cend(), result.backstrides().cbegin()));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(vec.backstrides().cbegin(), vec.backstrides().cend(), result.backstrides().cbegin())
+        );
         EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), result.size());
         if (compare_layout)
         {
@@ -274,10 +320,10 @@ namespace xt
             compare_shape(vec, rm);
 
             vec.resize(shape);
-            vec.reshape({ 3, -1, 4 }, layout_type::row_major);
+            vec.reshape({3, -1, 4}, layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(vec, rm);
 
-            auto & vec_ref = vec.reshape({ 3, -1, 4 }, layout_type::row_major);
+            auto& vec_ref = vec.reshape({3, -1, 4}, layout_type::row_major);
             compare_shape(vec_ref, rm);
 
             shape = rm.m_shape;
@@ -326,14 +372,10 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(vt.shape(), shape_new);
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(vt.storage().cbegin(), vt.storage().cend(), rm.m_data.cbegin()));
 
-            strides_type new_strides = {rm.m_strides[2],
-                                        rm.m_strides[1],
-                                        rm.m_strides[0]};
+            strides_type new_strides = {rm.m_strides[2], rm.m_strides[1], rm.m_strides[0]};
             EXPECT_EQ(vt.strides(), new_strides);
 
-            strides_type new_backstrides = {rm.m_backstrides[2],
-                                            rm.m_backstrides[1],
-                                            rm.m_backstrides[0]};
+            strides_type new_backstrides = {rm.m_backstrides[2], rm.m_backstrides[1], rm.m_backstrides[0]};
             EXPECT_EQ(vt.backstrides(), new_backstrides);
 
             EXPECT_EQ(vec_copy(0, 0, 0), vt(0, 0, 0));
@@ -358,14 +400,10 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(vt.shape().cbegin(), vt.shape().cend(), shape_new.begin()));
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(vt.storage().cbegin(), vt.storage().cend(), rm.m_data.cbegin()));
 
-            strides_type new_strides = {rm.m_strides[1],
-                                        rm.m_strides[0],
-                                        rm.m_strides[2]};
+            strides_type new_strides = {rm.m_strides[1], rm.m_strides[0], rm.m_strides[2]};
             EXPECT_EQ(vt.strides(), new_strides);
 
-            strides_type new_backstrides = {rm.m_backstrides[1],
-                                            rm.m_backstrides[0],
-                                            rm.m_backstrides[2]};
+            strides_type new_backstrides = {rm.m_backstrides[1], rm.m_backstrides[0], rm.m_backstrides[2]};
             EXPECT_EQ(vt.backstrides(), new_backstrides);
 
             EXPECT_EQ(vec_copy(0, 0, 0), vt(0, 0, 0));
@@ -419,13 +457,14 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
     }
+
     template <class V>
     void test_bound_check(V& vec)
     {
 #if XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
         XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(vec(10, 10, 10));
 #else
-        (void)vec;
+        (void) vec;
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -769,7 +808,11 @@ namespace xt
             INFO("column_major storage iterator");
             column_major_result<C> cm;
             veccm.resize(cm.m_shape, layout_type::column_major);
-            std::copy(cm.storage().cbegin(), cm.storage().cend(), veccm.template begin<layout_type::column_major>());
+            std::copy(
+                cm.storage().cbegin(),
+                cm.storage().cend(),
+                veccm.template begin<layout_type::column_major>()
+            );
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(cm.storage().cbegin(), cm.storage().cend(), veccm.storage().cbegin()));
             EXPECT_EQ(veccm.template end<layout_type::column_major>(), veccm.storage().end());
         }
@@ -779,7 +822,7 @@ namespace xt
     void test_fill(V& vec)
     {
         using value_type = typename V::value_type;
-        vec.resize({ 3, 4 });
+        vec.resize({3, 4});
         value_type v(4);
         vec.fill(v);
         for (auto it = vec.cbegin(); it != vec.cend(); ++it)
@@ -926,7 +969,8 @@ namespace xt
         using rm_layout_iterator = typename C::template layout_iterator<layout_type::row_major>;
         using rm_const_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_layout_iterator<layout_type::row_major>;
         using rm_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::row_major>;
-        using rm_const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::row_major>;
+        using rm_const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<
+            layout_type::row_major>;
 
         using exp_rm_layout_iterator = xiterator<stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::row_major>;
         using exp_rm_const_layout_iterator = xiterator<const_stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::row_major>;
@@ -936,12 +980,14 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<rm_layout_iterator, exp_rm_layout_iterator>::value));
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<rm_const_layout_iterator, exp_rm_const_layout_iterator>::value));
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<rm_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_rm_reverse_layout_iterator>::value));
-        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<rm_const_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_rm_const_reverse_layout_iterator>::value));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<rm_const_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_rm_const_reverse_layout_iterator>::value
+        ));
 
         using cm_layout_iterator = typename C::template layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
         using cm_const_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
         using cm_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
-        using cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<layout_type::column_major>;
+        using cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename C::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<
+            layout_type::column_major>;
 
         using exp_cm_layout_iterator = xiterator<stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::column_major>;
         using exp_cm_const_layout_iterator = xiterator<const_stepper, shape_type*, layout_type::column_major>;
@@ -951,7 +997,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<cm_layout_iterator, exp_cm_layout_iterator>::value));
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<cm_const_layout_iterator, exp_cm_const_layout_iterator>::value));
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<cm_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_cm_reverse_layout_iterator>::value));
-        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator>::value));
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator, exp_cm_const_reverse_layout_iterator>::value
+        ));
 
         using linear_iterator = typename C::linear_iterator;
         using const_linear_iterator = typename C::const_linear_iterator;
diff --git a/test/test_common_macros.hpp b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
index 0238a85d5..388b8ee9b 100644
--- a/test/test_common_macros.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 #define TEST_COMMON_MACROS_HPP
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
- #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
 #endif
 
-#include "doctest/doctest.h"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+
+#include "doctest/doctest.h"
 #include "test_utils.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
 
-#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y)  #warning "XT_EXPECT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
-#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y)  #warning "XT_ASSERT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
+#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y) #warning "XT_EXPECT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
+#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y) #warning "XT_ASSERT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
 #define XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x) #warning "XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
 #define XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x) #warning "XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
 #define XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) x;
@@ -30,37 +31,35 @@
 
 
 #define EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x)
-#define EXPECT_THROW(x, y) XT_EXPECT_THROW(x,y)
-
-#define TEST(A,B) TEST_CASE(#A"."#B )
-#define EXPECT_EQ(A,B) CHECK_EQ(A,B)
-#define EXPECT_NE(A,B) CHECK_NE(A,B)
-#define EXPECT_LE(A,B) CHECK_LE(A,B)
-#define EXPECT_GE(A,B) CHECK_GE(A,B)
-#define EXPECT_LT(A,B) CHECK_LT(A,B)
-#define EXPECT_GT(A,B) CHECK_GT(A,B)
+#define EXPECT_THROW(x, y) XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y)
+
+#define TEST(A, B) TEST_CASE(#A "." #B)
+#define EXPECT_EQ(A, B) CHECK_EQ(A, B)
+#define EXPECT_NE(A, B) CHECK_NE(A, B)
+#define EXPECT_LE(A, B) CHECK_LE(A, B)
+#define EXPECT_GE(A, B) CHECK_GE(A, B)
+#define EXPECT_LT(A, B) CHECK_LT(A, B)
+#define EXPECT_GT(A, B) CHECK_GT(A, B)
 #define EXPECT_TRUE(A) CHECK_EQ(A, true)
 #define EXPECT_FALSE(A) CHECK_FALSE(A)
 
-#define ASSERT_EQ(A,B) REQUIRE_EQ(A,B)
-#define ASSERT_NE(A,B) REQUIRE_NE(A,B)
-#define ASSERT_LE(A,B) REQUIRE_LE(A,B)
-#define ASSERT_GE(A,B) REQUIRE_GE(A,B)
-#define ASSERT_LT(A,B) REQUIRE_LT(A,B)
-#define ASSERT_GT(A,B) REQUIRE_GT(A,B)
+#define ASSERT_EQ(A, B) REQUIRE_EQ(A, B)
+#define ASSERT_NE(A, B) REQUIRE_NE(A, B)
+#define ASSERT_LE(A, B) REQUIRE_LE(A, B)
+#define ASSERT_GE(A, B) REQUIRE_GE(A, B)
+#define ASSERT_LT(A, B) REQUIRE_LT(A, B)
+#define ASSERT_GT(A, B) REQUIRE_GT(A, B)
 #define ASSERT_TRUE(A) REQUIRE_EQ(A, true)
 #define ASSERT_FALSE(A) REQUIRE_FALSE(A)
 
-#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(x,y)   CHECK(xt::scalar_near(x,y));
-#define EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(x,y) CHECK(xt::tensor_near(x,y));
+#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(x, y) CHECK(xt::scalar_near(x, y));
+#define EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(x, y) CHECK(xt::tensor_near(x, y));
 
-#define TEST_F(FIXTURE_CLASS, NAME)\
-    TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FIXTURE_CLASS, #NAME)
+#define TEST_F(FIXTURE_CLASS, NAME) TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FIXTURE_CLASS, #NAME)
 
-#define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_DEFINE(ID)\
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(#ID, TypeParam, ID)
+#define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_DEFINE(ID) TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(#ID, TypeParam, ID)
 
-#define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_TEST_APPLY(ID, TEST_FUNC)\
+#define HETEROGEN_PARAMETRIZED_TEST_APPLY(ID, TEST_FUNC) \
     TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(ID, augment_t<std::decay_t<decltype(TEST_FUNC())>>)
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
index 3d333050d..5490d026a 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_broadcast_view.cppy by preprocess.py!
 // Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
@@ -30,42 +31,41 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, negative_slices_twod)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<double> py_a = {{ 0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6.},
-                               { 7., 8., 9.,10.,11.,12.,13.},
-                               {14.,15.,16.,17.,18.,19.,20.},
-                               {21.,22.,23.,24.,25.,26.,27.},
-                               {28.,29.,30.,31.,32.,33.,34.}};
+        xarray<double> py_a = {
+            {0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6.},
+            {7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13.},
+            {14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20.},
+            {21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27.},
+            {28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34.}};
         // py_av0 = a[:-2, ::-1]
-        xarray<double> py_av0 = {{ 6., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., 0.},
-                                 {13.,12.,11.,10., 9., 8., 7.},
-                                 {20.,19.,18.,17.,16.,15.,14.}};
-        auto av0 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r|_|-2, _r|_|_|-1});
+        xarray<double> py_av0 = {
+            {6., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., 0.},
+            {13., 12., 11., 10., 9., 8., 7.},
+            {20., 19., 18., 17., 16., 15., 14.}};
+        auto av0 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | _ | -2, _r | _ | _ | -1});
         EXPECT_EQ(av0, py_av0);
         // py_av1 = a[::-1, ::-1]
-        xarray<double> py_av1 = {{34.,33.,32.,31.,30.,29.,28.},
-                                 {27.,26.,25.,24.,23.,22.,21.},
-                                 {20.,19.,18.,17.,16.,15.,14.},
-                                 {13.,12.,11.,10., 9., 8., 7.},
-                                 { 6., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., 0.}};
-        auto av1 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r|_|_|-1, _r|_|_|-1});
+        xarray<double> py_av1 = {
+            {34., 33., 32., 31., 30., 29., 28.},
+            {27., 26., 25., 24., 23., 22., 21.},
+            {20., 19., 18., 17., 16., 15., 14.},
+            {13., 12., 11., 10., 9., 8., 7.},
+            {6., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., 0.}};
+        auto av1 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | _ | _ | -1, _r | _ | _ | -1});
         EXPECT_EQ(av1, py_av1);
         // py_av2 = a[1:-3, -3:2:-1]
-        xarray<double> py_av2 = {{11.,10.}};
-        auto av2 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r|1|-3, _r|-3|2|-1});
+        xarray<double> py_av2 = {{11., 10.}};
+        auto av2 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | 1 | -3, _r | -3 | 2 | -1});
         EXPECT_EQ(av2, py_av2);
         // py_av3 = a[-1:-4:-1, -3:1:-2]
-        xarray<double> py_av3 = {{32.,30.},
-                                 {25.,23.},
-                                 {18.,16.}};
-        auto av3 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r|-1|-4|-1, _r|-3|1|-2});
+        xarray<double> py_av3 = {{32., 30.}, {25., 23.}, {18., 16.}};
+        auto av3 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | -1 | -4 | -1, _r | -3 | 1 | -2});
         EXPECT_EQ(av3, py_av3);
-        auto av4 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r|-3|-5, _r|-3|10});
+        auto av4 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | -3 | -5, _r | -3 | 10});
         EXPECT_EQ(av4.size(), size_t(0));
         // py_av5 = a[-5:-2, -3:10]
-        xarray<double> py_av5 = {{ 4., 5., 6.},
-                                 {11.,12.,13.},
-                                 {18.,19.,20.}};
-        auto av5 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r|-5|-2, _r|-3|10});
+        xarray<double> py_av5 = {{4., 5., 6.}, {11., 12., 13.}, {18., 19., 20.}};
+        auto av5 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | -5 | -2, _r | -3 | 10});
         EXPECT_EQ(av5, py_av5);
     }
 
@@ -79,26 +79,29 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, negative_slices_math)
     {
         // py_a0
-        xarray<long> py_a0 = {{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
-                              { 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13},
-                              {14,15,16,17,18,19,20},
-                              {21,22,23,24,25,26,27},
-                              {28,29,30,31,32,33,34}};
-        strided_view(py_a0, {_r|0|-2}) += strided_view(py_a0, {{_r|_|3|-1}});
+        xarray<long> py_a0 = {
+            {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
+            {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
+            {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20},
+            {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
+            {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}};
+        strided_view(py_a0, {_r | 0 | -2}) += strided_view(py_a0, {{_r | _ | 3 | -1}});
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = {{28,30,32,34,36,38,40},
-                             {35,37,39,41,43,45,47},
-                             {42,44,46,48,50,52,54},
-                             {21,22,23,24,25,26,27},
-                             {28,29,30,31,32,33,34}};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {
+            {28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40},
+            {35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47},
+            {42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54},
+            {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
+            {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}};
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0, py_a);
-        strided_view(py_a0, {_r|_|_|-2}) += strided_view(py_a0, {_r|_|_|2});
+        strided_view(py_a0, {_r | _ | _ | -2}) += strided_view(py_a0, {_r | _ | _ | 2});
         // py_at
-        xarray<long> py_at = {{ 56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74},
-                              { 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47},
-                              { 84, 88, 92, 96,100,104,108},
-                              { 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
-                              { 56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74}};
+        xarray<long> py_at = {
+            {56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74},
+            {35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47},
+            {84, 88, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108},
+            {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
+            {56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74}};
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0, py_at);
     }
 
@@ -117,331 +120,658 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, broadcasting)
     {
         // py_a1
-        xarray<long> py_a1 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
+        xarray<long> py_a1 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
 
-                              {{ 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13}},
+            {{7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}},
 
-                              {{14,15,16,17,18,19,20}},
+            {{14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                              {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27}},
+            {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}},
 
-                              {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}};
         // py_a2
-        xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{{28,30,32,34,36,38,40}},
+        xarray<long> py_a2 = {
+            {{{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}},
 
-                               {{35,37,39,41,43,45,47}},
+             {{35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47}},
 
-                               {{42,44,46,48,50,52,54}},
+             {{42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54}},
 
-                               {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27}},
+             {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}},
 
-                               {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34}}}};
+             {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}}};
         // py_b1
-        xarray<long> py_b1 = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6};
+        xarray<long> py_b1 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
         // py_b2
-        xarray<long> py_b2 = {{{{0,1,2,3,4,5,6}}}};
+        xarray<long> py_b2 = {{{{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}}};
         // py_b3
-        xarray<double> py_b3 = {{{{0.3745401188473625,0.9507143064099162,0.7319939418114051,
-                                   0.5986584841970366,0.1560186404424365,0.1559945203362026,
-                                   0.0580836121681995},
-                                  {0.8661761457749352,0.6011150117432088,0.7080725777960455,
-                                   0.0205844942958024,0.9699098521619943,0.8324426408004217,
-                                   0.2123391106782762},
-                                  {0.1818249672071006,0.1834045098534338,0.3042422429595377,
-                                   0.5247564316322378,0.4319450186421158,0.2912291401980419,
-                                   0.6118528947223795},
-                                  {0.1394938606520418,0.2921446485352182,0.3663618432936917,
-                                   0.4560699842170359,0.7851759613930136,0.1996737821583597,
-                                   0.5142344384136116}},
-
-                                 {{0.5924145688620425,0.0464504127199977,0.6075448519014384,
-                                   0.1705241236872915,0.0650515929852795,0.9488855372533332,
-                                   0.9656320330745594},
-                                  {0.8083973481164611,0.3046137691733707,0.0976721140063839,
-                                   0.6842330265121569,0.4401524937396013,0.1220382348447788,
-                                   0.4951769101112702},
-                                  {0.0343885211152184,0.9093204020787821,0.2587799816000169,
-                                   0.662522284353982 ,0.311711076089411 ,0.5200680211778108,
-                                   0.5467102793432796},
-                                  {0.184854455525527 ,0.9695846277645586,0.7751328233611146,
-                                   0.9394989415641891,0.8948273504276488,0.5978999788110851,
-                                   0.9218742350231168}},
-
-                                 {{0.0884925020519195,0.1959828624191452,0.0452272889105381,
-                                   0.3253303307632643,0.388677289689482 ,0.2713490317738959,
-                                   0.8287375091519293},
-                                  {0.3567533266935893,0.2809345096873808,0.5426960831582485,
-                                   0.1409242249747626,0.8021969807540397,0.0745506436797708,
-                                   0.9868869366005173},
-                                  {0.7722447692966574,0.1987156815341724,0.0055221171236024,
-                                   0.8154614284548342,0.7068573438476171,0.7290071680409873,
-                                   0.7712703466859457},
-                                  {0.0740446517340904,0.3584657285442726,0.1158690595251297,
-                                   0.8631034258755935,0.6232981268275579,0.3308980248526492,
-                                   0.0635583502860236}},
-
-                                 {{0.3109823217156622,0.325183322026747 ,0.7296061783380641,
-                                   0.6375574713552131,0.8872127425763265,0.4722149251619493,
-                                   0.1195942459383017},
-                                  {0.713244787222995 ,0.7607850486168974,0.5612771975694962,
-                                   0.770967179954561 ,0.4937955963643907,0.5227328293819941,
-                                   0.4275410183585496},
-                                  {0.0254191267440952,0.1078914269933045,0.0314291856867343,
-                                   0.6364104112637804,0.3143559810763267,0.5085706911647028,
-                                   0.907566473926093 },
-                                  {0.2492922291488749,0.4103829230356297,0.7555511385430487,
-                                   0.2287981654916225,0.076979909828793 ,0.289751452913768 ,
-                                   0.1612212872540044}},
-
-                                 {{0.9296976523425731,0.808120379564417 ,0.6334037565104235,
-                                   0.8714605901877177,0.8036720768991145,0.1865700588860358,
-                                   0.8925589984899778},
-                                  {0.5393422419156507,0.8074401551640625,0.8960912999234932,
-                                   0.3180034749718639,0.1100519245276768,0.2279351625419417,
-                                   0.4271077886262563},
-                                  {0.8180147659224931,0.8607305832563434,0.0069521305311907,
-                                   0.5107473025775657,0.417411003148779 ,0.2221078104707302,
-                                   0.1198653673336828},
-                                  {0.337615171403628 ,0.9429097039125192,0.3232029320207552,
-                                   0.5187906217433661,0.7030189588951778,0.363629602379294 ,
-                                   0.9717820827209607}}},
-
-
-                                {{{0.9624472949421112,0.2517822958253642,0.4972485058923855,
-                                   0.3008783098167697,0.2848404943774676,0.0368869473545328,
-                                   0.6095643339798968},
-                                  {0.5026790232288615,0.0514787512499894,0.2786464642366114,
-                                   0.9082658859666537,0.2395618906669724,0.1448948720912231,
-                                   0.489452760277563 },
-                                  {0.9856504541106007,0.2420552715115004,0.6721355474058786,
-                                   0.7616196153287176,0.2376375439923997,0.7282163486118596,
-                                   0.3677831327192532},
-                                  {0.6323058305935795,0.6335297107608947,0.5357746840747585,
-                                   0.0902897700544083,0.835302495589238 ,0.3207800649717358,
-                                   0.1865185103998542}},
-
-                                 {{0.0407751415547639,0.5908929431882418,0.6775643618422824,
-                                   0.0165878289278562,0.512093058299281 ,0.226495775197938 ,
-                                   0.6451727904094499},
-                                  {0.1743664290049914,0.690937738102466 ,0.3867353463005374,
-                                   0.9367299887367345,0.1375209441459933,0.3410663510502585,
-                                   0.1134735212405891},
-                                  {0.9246936182785628,0.877339353380981 ,0.2579416277151556,
-                                   0.659984046034179 ,0.8172222002012158,0.5552008115994623,
-                                   0.5296505783560065},
-                                  {0.2418522909004517,0.0931027678058992,0.8972157579533268,
-                                   0.9004180571633305,0.6331014572732679,0.3390297910487007,
-                                   0.3492095746126609}},
-
-                                 {{0.7259556788702394,0.8971102599525771,0.8870864242651173,
-                                   0.7798755458576239,0.6420316461542878,0.0841399649950488,
-                                   0.1616287140946138},
-                                  {0.8985541885270792,0.6064290596595899,0.0091970516166296,
-                                   0.1014715428660321,0.6635017691080558,0.0050615838462187,
-                                   0.1608080514174987},
-                                  {0.5487337893665861,0.6918951976926933,0.6519612595026005,
-                                   0.2242693094605598,0.7121792213475359,0.2372490874968001,
-                                   0.3253996981592677},
-                                  {0.7464914051180241,0.6496328990472147,0.8492234104941779,
-                                   0.6576128923003434,0.5683086033354716,0.0936747678280925,
-                                   0.3677158030594335}},
-
-                                 {{0.2652023676817254,0.2439896433790836,0.9730105547524456,
-                                   0.3930977246667604,0.8920465551771133,0.6311386259972629,
-                                   0.7948113035416484},
-                                  {0.5026370931051921,0.5769038846263591,0.4925176938188639,
-                                   0.1952429877980445,0.7224521152615053,0.2807723624408558,
-                                   0.0243159664314538},
-                                  {0.6454722959071678,0.1771106794070489,0.9404585843529143,
-                                   0.9539285770025874,0.9148643902204485,0.3701587002554444,
-                                   0.0154566165288674},
-                                  {0.9283185625877254,0.4281841483173143,0.9666548190436696,
-                                   0.9636199770892528,0.8530094554673601,0.2944488920695857,
-                                   0.3850977286019253}},
-
-                                 {{0.8511366715168569,0.3169220051562777,0.1694927466860925,
-                                   0.5568012624583502,0.936154774160781 ,0.696029796674973 ,
-                                   0.570061170089365 },
-                                  {0.0971764937707685,0.6150072266991697,0.9900538501042633,
-                                   0.140084015236524 ,0.5183296523637367,0.8773730719279554,
-                                   0.7407686177542044},
-                                  {0.697015740995268 ,0.7024840839871093,0.3594911512197552,
-                                   0.2935918442644934,0.8093611554785136,0.8101133946791808,
-                                   0.8670723185801037},
-                                  {0.9132405525564713,0.5113423988609378,0.5015162946871996,
-                                   0.7982951789667752,0.6499639307777652,0.7019668772577033,
-                                   0.795792669436101 }}}};
+        xarray<double> py_b3 = {
+            {{{0.3745401188473625,
+               0.9507143064099162,
+               0.7319939418114051,
+               0.5986584841970366,
+               0.1560186404424365,
+               0.1559945203362026,
+               0.0580836121681995},
+              {0.8661761457749352,
+               0.6011150117432088,
+               0.7080725777960455,
+               0.0205844942958024,
+               0.9699098521619943,
+               0.8324426408004217,
+               0.2123391106782762},
+              {0.1818249672071006,
+               0.1834045098534338,
+               0.3042422429595377,
+               0.5247564316322378,
+               0.4319450186421158,
+               0.2912291401980419,
+               0.6118528947223795},
+              {0.1394938606520418,
+               0.2921446485352182,
+               0.3663618432936917,
+               0.4560699842170359,
+               0.7851759613930136,
+               0.1996737821583597,
+               0.5142344384136116}},
+
+             {{0.5924145688620425,
+               0.0464504127199977,
+               0.6075448519014384,
+               0.1705241236872915,
+               0.0650515929852795,
+               0.9488855372533332,
+               0.9656320330745594},
+              {0.8083973481164611,
+               0.3046137691733707,
+               0.0976721140063839,
+               0.6842330265121569,
+               0.4401524937396013,
+               0.1220382348447788,
+               0.4951769101112702},
+              {0.0343885211152184,
+               0.9093204020787821,
+               0.2587799816000169,
+               0.662522284353982,
+               0.311711076089411,
+               0.5200680211778108,
+               0.5467102793432796},
+              {0.184854455525527,
+               0.9695846277645586,
+               0.7751328233611146,
+               0.9394989415641891,
+               0.8948273504276488,
+               0.5978999788110851,
+               0.9218742350231168}},
+
+             {{0.0884925020519195,
+               0.1959828624191452,
+               0.0452272889105381,
+               0.3253303307632643,
+               0.388677289689482,
+               0.2713490317738959,
+               0.8287375091519293},
+              {0.3567533266935893,
+               0.2809345096873808,
+               0.5426960831582485,
+               0.1409242249747626,
+               0.8021969807540397,
+               0.0745506436797708,
+               0.9868869366005173},
+              {0.7722447692966574,
+               0.1987156815341724,
+               0.0055221171236024,
+               0.8154614284548342,
+               0.7068573438476171,
+               0.7290071680409873,
+               0.7712703466859457},
+              {0.0740446517340904,
+               0.3584657285442726,
+               0.1158690595251297,
+               0.8631034258755935,
+               0.6232981268275579,
+               0.3308980248526492,
+               0.0635583502860236}},
+
+             {{0.3109823217156622,
+               0.325183322026747,
+               0.7296061783380641,
+               0.6375574713552131,
+               0.8872127425763265,
+               0.4722149251619493,
+               0.1195942459383017},
+              {0.713244787222995,
+               0.7607850486168974,
+               0.5612771975694962,
+               0.770967179954561,
+               0.4937955963643907,
+               0.5227328293819941,
+               0.4275410183585496},
+              {0.0254191267440952,
+               0.1078914269933045,
+               0.0314291856867343,
+               0.6364104112637804,
+               0.3143559810763267,
+               0.5085706911647028,
+               0.907566473926093},
+              {0.2492922291488749,
+               0.4103829230356297,
+               0.7555511385430487,
+               0.2287981654916225,
+               0.076979909828793,
+               0.289751452913768,
+               0.1612212872540044}},
+
+             {{0.9296976523425731,
+               0.808120379564417,
+               0.6334037565104235,
+               0.8714605901877177,
+               0.8036720768991145,
+               0.1865700588860358,
+               0.8925589984899778},
+              {0.5393422419156507,
+               0.8074401551640625,
+               0.8960912999234932,
+               0.3180034749718639,
+               0.1100519245276768,
+               0.2279351625419417,
+               0.4271077886262563},
+              {0.8180147659224931,
+               0.8607305832563434,
+               0.0069521305311907,
+               0.5107473025775657,
+               0.417411003148779,
+               0.2221078104707302,
+               0.1198653673336828},
+              {0.337615171403628,
+               0.9429097039125192,
+               0.3232029320207552,
+               0.5187906217433661,
+               0.7030189588951778,
+               0.363629602379294,
+               0.9717820827209607}}},
+
+
+            {{{0.9624472949421112,
+               0.2517822958253642,
+               0.4972485058923855,
+               0.3008783098167697,
+               0.2848404943774676,
+               0.0368869473545328,
+               0.6095643339798968},
+              {0.5026790232288615,
+               0.0514787512499894,
+               0.2786464642366114,
+               0.9082658859666537,
+               0.2395618906669724,
+               0.1448948720912231,
+               0.489452760277563},
+              {0.9856504541106007,
+               0.2420552715115004,
+               0.6721355474058786,
+               0.7616196153287176,
+               0.2376375439923997,
+               0.7282163486118596,
+               0.3677831327192532},
+              {0.6323058305935795,
+               0.6335297107608947,
+               0.5357746840747585,
+               0.0902897700544083,
+               0.835302495589238,
+               0.3207800649717358,
+               0.1865185103998542}},
+
+             {{0.0407751415547639,
+               0.5908929431882418,
+               0.6775643618422824,
+               0.0165878289278562,
+               0.512093058299281,
+               0.226495775197938,
+               0.6451727904094499},
+              {0.1743664290049914,
+               0.690937738102466,
+               0.3867353463005374,
+               0.9367299887367345,
+               0.1375209441459933,
+               0.3410663510502585,
+               0.1134735212405891},
+              {0.9246936182785628,
+               0.877339353380981,
+               0.2579416277151556,
+               0.659984046034179,
+               0.8172222002012158,
+               0.5552008115994623,
+               0.5296505783560065},
+              {0.2418522909004517,
+               0.0931027678058992,
+               0.8972157579533268,
+               0.9004180571633305,
+               0.6331014572732679,
+               0.3390297910487007,
+               0.3492095746126609}},
+
+             {{0.7259556788702394,
+               0.8971102599525771,
+               0.8870864242651173,
+               0.7798755458576239,
+               0.6420316461542878,
+               0.0841399649950488,
+               0.1616287140946138},
+              {0.8985541885270792,
+               0.6064290596595899,
+               0.0091970516166296,
+               0.1014715428660321,
+               0.6635017691080558,
+               0.0050615838462187,
+               0.1608080514174987},
+              {0.5487337893665861,
+               0.6918951976926933,
+               0.6519612595026005,
+               0.2242693094605598,
+               0.7121792213475359,
+               0.2372490874968001,
+               0.3253996981592677},
+              {0.7464914051180241,
+               0.6496328990472147,
+               0.8492234104941779,
+               0.6576128923003434,
+               0.5683086033354716,
+               0.0936747678280925,
+               0.3677158030594335}},
+
+             {{0.2652023676817254,
+               0.2439896433790836,
+               0.9730105547524456,
+               0.3930977246667604,
+               0.8920465551771133,
+               0.6311386259972629,
+               0.7948113035416484},
+              {0.5026370931051921,
+               0.5769038846263591,
+               0.4925176938188639,
+               0.1952429877980445,
+               0.7224521152615053,
+               0.2807723624408558,
+               0.0243159664314538},
+              {0.6454722959071678,
+               0.1771106794070489,
+               0.9404585843529143,
+               0.9539285770025874,
+               0.9148643902204485,
+               0.3701587002554444,
+               0.0154566165288674},
+              {0.9283185625877254,
+               0.4281841483173143,
+               0.9666548190436696,
+               0.9636199770892528,
+               0.8530094554673601,
+               0.2944488920695857,
+               0.3850977286019253}},
+
+             {{0.8511366715168569,
+               0.3169220051562777,
+               0.1694927466860925,
+               0.5568012624583502,
+               0.936154774160781,
+               0.696029796674973,
+               0.570061170089365},
+              {0.0971764937707685,
+               0.6150072266991697,
+               0.9900538501042633,
+               0.140084015236524,
+               0.5183296523637367,
+               0.8773730719279554,
+               0.7407686177542044},
+              {0.697015740995268,
+               0.7024840839871093,
+               0.3594911512197552,
+               0.2935918442644934,
+               0.8093611554785136,
+               0.8101133946791808,
+               0.8670723185801037},
+              {0.9132405525564713,
+               0.5113423988609378,
+               0.5015162946871996,
+               0.7982951789667752,
+               0.6499639307777652,
+               0.7019668772577033,
+               0.795792669436101}}}};
         xt::xarray<long> a1_a2 = py_a1 + py_a2;
         // py_a1_a2
-        xarray<long> py_a1_a2 = {{{{28,31,34,37,40,43,46}},
+        xarray<long> py_a1_a2 = {
+            {{{28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46}},
 
-                                  {{42,45,48,51,54,57,60}},
+             {{42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60}},
 
-                                  {{56,59,62,65,68,71,74}},
+             {{56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74}},
 
-                                  {{42,44,46,48,50,52,54}},
+             {{42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54}},
 
-                                  {{56,58,60,62,64,66,68}}}};
+             {{56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68}}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a1_a2, py_a1_a2);
 
         xt::xarray<long> b1_a1 = py_b1 + py_a1;
         // py_b1_a1
-        xarray<long> py_b1_a1 = {{{ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12}},
+        xarray<long> py_b1_a1 = {
+            {{0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}},
 
-                                 {{ 7, 9,11,13,15,17,19}},
+            {{7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}},
 
-                                 {{14,16,18,20,22,24,26}},
+            {{14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26}},
 
-                                 {{21,23,25,27,29,31,33}},
+            {{21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33}},
 
-                                 {{28,30,32,34,36,38,40}}};
+            {{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(b1_a1, py_b1_a1);
 
         xt::xarray<long> a1_b2 = py_a1 + py_b2;
         // py_a1_b2
-        xarray<long> py_a1_b2 = {{{{ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12}},
+        xarray<long> py_a1_b2 = {
+            {{{0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}},
 
-                                  {{ 7, 9,11,13,15,17,19}},
+             {{7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}},
 
-                                  {{14,16,18,20,22,24,26}},
+             {{14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26}},
 
-                                  {{21,23,25,27,29,31,33}},
+             {{21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33}},
 
-                                  {{28,30,32,34,36,38,40}}}};
+             {{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a1_b2, py_a1_b2);
 
         xt::xarray<double> a2_b3 = xt::cast<double>(py_a2) + py_b3;
         // py_a2_b3
-        xarray<double> py_a2_b3 = {{{{28.374540118847364,30.950714306409917,32.7319939418114  ,
-                                      34.59865848419704 ,36.15601864044244 ,38.1559945203362  ,
-                                      40.0580836121682  },
-                                     {28.866176145774936,30.601115011743207,32.708072577796045,
-                                      34.020584494295804,36.969909852162   ,38.83244264080042 ,
-                                      40.21233911067828 },
-                                     {28.1818249672071  ,30.183404509853435,32.30424224295954 ,
-                                      34.52475643163224 ,36.43194501864212 ,38.29122914019804 ,
-                                      40.61185289472238 },
-                                     {28.139493860652042,30.292144648535217,32.36636184329369 ,
-                                      34.45606998421704 ,36.785175961393016,38.19967378215836 ,
-                                      40.51423443841361 }},
-
-                                    {{35.59241456886204 ,37.04645041272    ,39.60754485190144 ,
-                                      41.170524123687294,43.06505159298528 ,45.94888553725333 ,
-                                      47.965632033074556},
-                                     {35.80839734811646 ,37.30461376917337 ,39.097672114006386,
-                                      41.68423302651216 ,43.4401524937396  ,45.12203823484478 ,
-                                      47.49517691011127 },
-                                     {35.03438852111522 ,37.909320402078784,39.258779981600014,
-                                      41.66252228435398 ,43.31171107608941 ,45.52006802117781 ,
-                                      47.54671027934328 },
-                                     {35.184854455525524,37.96958462776456 ,39.77513282336111 ,
-                                      41.93949894156419 ,43.89482735042765 ,45.597899978811085,
-                                      47.92187423502312 }},
-
-                                    {{42.08849250205192 ,44.19598286241914 ,46.04522728891054 ,
-                                      48.325330330763265,50.38867728968948 ,52.271349031773894,
-                                      54.82873750915193 },
-                                     {42.35675332669359 ,44.280934509687384,46.54269608315825 ,
-                                      48.14092422497476 ,50.80219698075404 ,52.07455064367977 ,
-                                      54.98688693660052 },
-                                     {42.772244769296655,44.198715681534175,46.005522117123604,
-                                      48.81546142845483 ,50.70685734384762 ,52.72900716804099 ,
-                                      54.771270346685945},
-                                     {42.07404465173409 ,44.358465728544274,46.11586905952513 ,
-                                      48.86310342587559 ,50.62329812682756 ,52.33089802485265 ,
-                                      54.06355835028602 }},
-
-                                    {{21.310982321715663,22.325183322026746,23.729606178338063,
-                                      24.637557471355212,25.887212742576327,26.47221492516195 ,
-                                      27.119594245938302},
-                                     {21.713244787222994,22.760785048616896,23.561277197569495,
-                                      24.77096717995456 ,25.49379559636439 ,26.522732829381994,
-                                      27.42754101835855 },
-                                     {21.025419126744094,22.107891426993305,23.031429185686733,
-                                      24.636410411263782,25.314355981076325,26.508570691164703,
-                                      27.907566473926092},
-                                     {21.249292229148875,22.41038292303563 ,23.755551138543048,
-                                      24.22879816549162 ,25.076979909828793,26.28975145291377 ,
-                                      27.161221287254005}},
-
-                                    {{28.929697652342572,29.808120379564418,30.633403756510422,
-                                      31.871460590187716,32.80367207689911 ,33.18657005888603 ,
-                                      34.892558998489974},
-                                     {28.53934224191565 ,29.807440155164063,30.896091299923494,
-                                      31.318003474971864,32.110051924527674,33.22793516254194 ,
-                                      34.42710778862626 },
-                                     {28.81801476592249 ,29.860730583256345,30.00695213053119 ,
-                                      31.510747302577567,32.41741100314878 ,33.22210781047073 ,
-                                      34.11986536733368 },
-                                     {28.337615171403627,29.94290970391252 ,30.323202932020756,
-                                      31.518790621743367,32.70301895889518 ,33.36362960237929 ,
-                                      34.971782082720964}}},
-
-
-                                   {{{28.962447294942113,30.251782295825365,32.49724850589239 ,
-                                      34.30087830981677 ,36.28484049437747 ,38.03688694735453 ,
-                                      40.6095643339799  },
-                                     {28.50267902322886 ,30.051478751249988,32.27864646423661 ,
-                                      34.90826588596666 ,36.23956189066697 ,38.14489487209122 ,
-                                      40.489452760277565},
-                                     {28.9856504541106  ,30.2420552715115  ,32.67213554740588 ,
-                                      34.76161961532872 ,36.2376375439924  ,38.72821634861186 ,
-                                      40.367783132719254},
-                                     {28.63230583059358 ,30.633529710760893,32.53577468407476 ,
-                                      34.09028977005441 ,36.83530249558924 ,38.320780064971736,
-                                      40.18651851039986 }},
-
-                                    {{35.04077514155476 ,37.590892943188244,39.67756436184228 ,
-                                      41.016587828927854,43.51209305829928 ,45.22649577519794 ,
-                                      47.64517279040945 },
-                                     {35.17436642900499 ,37.69093773810246 ,39.38673534630054 ,
-                                      41.93672998873674 ,43.13752094414599 ,45.34106635105026 ,
-                                      47.113473521240586},
-                                     {35.92469361827856 ,37.87733935338098 ,39.257941627715155,
-                                      41.65998404603418 ,43.817222200201215,45.55520081159946 ,
-                                      47.529650578356005},
-                                     {35.241852290900454,37.0931027678059  ,39.897215757953326,
-                                      41.90041805716333 ,43.63310145727327 ,45.3390297910487  ,
-                                      47.34920957461266 }},
-
-                                    {{42.72595567887024 ,44.897110259952576,46.88708642426512 ,
-                                      48.77987554585762 ,50.64203164615429 ,52.084139964995046,
-                                      54.16162871409461 },
-                                     {42.89855418852708 ,44.60642905965959 ,46.00919705161663 ,
-                                      48.10147154286603 ,50.66350176910806 ,52.00506158384622 ,
-                                      54.1608080514175  },
-                                     {42.54873378936659 ,44.691895197692695,46.6519612595026  ,
-                                      48.22426930946056 ,50.71217922134753 ,52.2372490874968  ,
-                                      54.325399698159266},
-                                     {42.74649140511802 ,44.64963289904721 ,46.849223410494176,
-                                      48.65761289230034 ,50.568308603335474,52.09367476782809 ,
-                                      54.36771580305943 }},
-
-                                    {{21.265202367681724,22.243989643379084,23.973010554752445,
-                                      24.39309772466676 ,25.892046555177114,26.631138625997263,
-                                      27.79481130354165 },
-                                     {21.502637093105193,22.576903884626358,23.492517693818865,
-                                      24.195242987798043,25.722452115261504,26.280772362440857,
-                                      27.024315966431455},
-                                     {21.64547229590717 ,22.17711067940705 ,23.940458584352914,
-                                      24.953928577002586,25.914864390220448,26.370158700255445,
-                                      27.015456616528866},
-                                     {21.928318562587727,22.428184148317314,23.96665481904367 ,
-                                      24.96361997708925 ,25.85300945546736 ,26.294448892069585,
-                                      27.385097728601924}},
-
-                                    {{28.85113667151686 ,29.31692200515628 ,30.169492746686092,
-                                      31.55680126245835 ,32.936154774160784,33.69602979667497 ,
-                                      34.57006117008937 },
-                                     {28.097176493770768,29.61500722669917 ,30.990053850104264,
-                                      31.140084015236525,32.51832965236374 ,33.877373071927956,
-                                      34.740768617754206},
-                                     {28.69701574099527 ,29.70248408398711 ,30.359491151219757,
-                                      31.293591844264494,32.80936115547851 ,33.81011339467918 ,
-                                      34.86707231858011 },
-                                     {28.91324055255647 ,29.511342398860936,30.5015162946872  ,
-                                      31.798295178966775,32.649963930777766,33.7019668772577  ,
-                                      34.7957926694361  }}}};
+        xarray<double> py_a2_b3 = {
+            {{{28.374540118847364,
+               30.950714306409917,
+               32.7319939418114,
+               34.59865848419704,
+               36.15601864044244,
+               38.1559945203362,
+               40.0580836121682},
+              {28.866176145774936,
+               30.601115011743207,
+               32.708072577796045,
+               34.020584494295804,
+               36.969909852162,
+               38.83244264080042,
+               40.21233911067828},
+              {28.1818249672071,
+               30.183404509853435,
+               32.30424224295954,
+               34.52475643163224,
+               36.43194501864212,
+               38.29122914019804,
+               40.61185289472238},
+              {28.139493860652042,
+               30.292144648535217,
+               32.36636184329369,
+               34.45606998421704,
+               36.785175961393016,
+               38.19967378215836,
+               40.51423443841361}},
+
+             {{35.59241456886204,
+               37.04645041272,
+               39.60754485190144,
+               41.170524123687294,
+               43.06505159298528,
+               45.94888553725333,
+               47.965632033074556},
+              {35.80839734811646,
+               37.30461376917337,
+               39.097672114006386,
+               41.68423302651216,
+               43.4401524937396,
+               45.12203823484478,
+               47.49517691011127},
+              {35.03438852111522,
+               37.909320402078784,
+               39.258779981600014,
+               41.66252228435398,
+               43.31171107608941,
+               45.52006802117781,
+               47.54671027934328},
+              {35.184854455525524,
+               37.96958462776456,
+               39.77513282336111,
+               41.93949894156419,
+               43.89482735042765,
+               45.597899978811085,
+               47.92187423502312}},
+
+             {{42.08849250205192,
+               44.19598286241914,
+               46.04522728891054,
+               48.325330330763265,
+               50.38867728968948,
+               52.271349031773894,
+               54.82873750915193},
+              {42.35675332669359,
+               44.280934509687384,
+               46.54269608315825,
+               48.14092422497476,
+               50.80219698075404,
+               52.07455064367977,
+               54.98688693660052},
+              {42.772244769296655,
+               44.198715681534175,
+               46.005522117123604,
+               48.81546142845483,
+               50.70685734384762,
+               52.72900716804099,
+               54.771270346685945},
+              {42.07404465173409,
+               44.358465728544274,
+               46.11586905952513,
+               48.86310342587559,
+               50.62329812682756,
+               52.33089802485265,
+               54.06355835028602}},
+
+             {{21.310982321715663,
+               22.325183322026746,
+               23.729606178338063,
+               24.637557471355212,
+               25.887212742576327,
+               26.47221492516195,
+               27.119594245938302},
+              {21.713244787222994,
+               22.760785048616896,
+               23.561277197569495,
+               24.77096717995456,
+               25.49379559636439,
+               26.522732829381994,
+               27.42754101835855},
+              {21.025419126744094,
+               22.107891426993305,
+               23.031429185686733,
+               24.636410411263782,
+               25.314355981076325,
+               26.508570691164703,
+               27.907566473926092},
+              {21.249292229148875,
+               22.41038292303563,
+               23.755551138543048,
+               24.22879816549162,
+               25.076979909828793,
+               26.28975145291377,
+               27.161221287254005}},
+
+             {{28.929697652342572,
+               29.808120379564418,
+               30.633403756510422,
+               31.871460590187716,
+               32.80367207689911,
+               33.18657005888603,
+               34.892558998489974},
+              {28.53934224191565,
+               29.807440155164063,
+               30.896091299923494,
+               31.318003474971864,
+               32.110051924527674,
+               33.22793516254194,
+               34.42710778862626},
+              {28.81801476592249,
+               29.860730583256345,
+               30.00695213053119,
+               31.510747302577567,
+               32.41741100314878,
+               33.22210781047073,
+               34.11986536733368},
+              {28.337615171403627,
+               29.94290970391252,
+               30.323202932020756,
+               31.518790621743367,
+               32.70301895889518,
+               33.36362960237929,
+               34.971782082720964}}},
+
+
+            {{{28.962447294942113,
+               30.251782295825365,
+               32.49724850589239,
+               34.30087830981677,
+               36.28484049437747,
+               38.03688694735453,
+               40.6095643339799},
+              {28.50267902322886,
+               30.051478751249988,
+               32.27864646423661,
+               34.90826588596666,
+               36.23956189066697,
+               38.14489487209122,
+               40.489452760277565},
+              {28.9856504541106,
+               30.2420552715115,
+               32.67213554740588,
+               34.76161961532872,
+               36.2376375439924,
+               38.72821634861186,
+               40.367783132719254},
+              {28.63230583059358,
+               30.633529710760893,
+               32.53577468407476,
+               34.09028977005441,
+               36.83530249558924,
+               38.320780064971736,
+               40.18651851039986}},
+
+             {{35.04077514155476,
+               37.590892943188244,
+               39.67756436184228,
+               41.016587828927854,
+               43.51209305829928,
+               45.22649577519794,
+               47.64517279040945},
+              {35.17436642900499,
+               37.69093773810246,
+               39.38673534630054,
+               41.93672998873674,
+               43.13752094414599,
+               45.34106635105026,
+               47.113473521240586},
+              {35.92469361827856,
+               37.87733935338098,
+               39.257941627715155,
+               41.65998404603418,
+               43.817222200201215,
+               45.55520081159946,
+               47.529650578356005},
+              {35.241852290900454,
+               37.0931027678059,
+               39.897215757953326,
+               41.90041805716333,
+               43.63310145727327,
+               45.3390297910487,
+               47.34920957461266}},
+
+             {{42.72595567887024,
+               44.897110259952576,
+               46.88708642426512,
+               48.77987554585762,
+               50.64203164615429,
+               52.084139964995046,
+               54.16162871409461},
+              {42.89855418852708,
+               44.60642905965959,
+               46.00919705161663,
+               48.10147154286603,
+               50.66350176910806,
+               52.00506158384622,
+               54.1608080514175},
+              {42.54873378936659,
+               44.691895197692695,
+               46.6519612595026,
+               48.22426930946056,
+               50.71217922134753,
+               52.2372490874968,
+               54.325399698159266},
+              {42.74649140511802,
+               44.64963289904721,
+               46.849223410494176,
+               48.65761289230034,
+               50.568308603335474,
+               52.09367476782809,
+               54.36771580305943}},
+
+             {{21.265202367681724,
+               22.243989643379084,
+               23.973010554752445,
+               24.39309772466676,
+               25.892046555177114,
+               26.631138625997263,
+               27.79481130354165},
+              {21.502637093105193,
+               22.576903884626358,
+               23.492517693818865,
+               24.195242987798043,
+               25.722452115261504,
+               26.280772362440857,
+               27.024315966431455},
+              {21.64547229590717,
+               22.17711067940705,
+               23.940458584352914,
+               24.953928577002586,
+               25.914864390220448,
+               26.370158700255445,
+               27.015456616528866},
+              {21.928318562587727,
+               22.428184148317314,
+               23.96665481904367,
+               24.96361997708925,
+               25.85300945546736,
+               26.294448892069585,
+               27.385097728601924}},
+
+             {{28.85113667151686,
+               29.31692200515628,
+               30.169492746686092,
+               31.55680126245835,
+               32.936154774160784,
+               33.69602979667497,
+               34.57006117008937},
+              {28.097176493770768,
+               29.61500722669917,
+               30.990053850104264,
+               31.140084015236525,
+               32.51832965236374,
+               33.877373071927956,
+               34.740768617754206},
+              {28.69701574099527,
+               29.70248408398711,
+               30.359491151219757,
+               31.293591844264494,
+               32.80936115547851,
+               33.81011339467918,
+               34.86707231858011},
+              {28.91324055255647,
+               29.511342398860936,
+               30.5015162946872,
+               31.798295178966775,
+               32.649963930777766,
+               33.7019668772577,
+               34.7957926694361}}}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(a2_b3, py_a2_b3));
     }
 
@@ -468,210 +798,135 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, broadcast_into_view)
     {
         // py_a0
-        xarray<long> py_a0 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
-                               {  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
-                               { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
+        xarray<long> py_a0 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                              {{ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
-                               { 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34},
-                               { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
+            {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}, {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
 
-                              {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
-                               { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
-                               { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
+            {{42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48}, {49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55}, {56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
 
-                              {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
-                               { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
-                               { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
+            {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-                              {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
-                               { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
-                               { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
         xt::xarray<long> a = py_a0;
 
         // py_b1
-        xarray<long> py_b1 = {{ 0, 1, 2},
-                              { 3, 4, 5},
-                              { 6, 7, 8},
-                              { 9,10,11},
-                              {12,13,14}};
+        xarray<long> py_b1 = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}, {12, 13, 14}};
         // py_a2
-        xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{  0,  1,  0,  3,  4,  5,  6},
-                               {  7,  8,  1, 10, 11, 12, 13},
-                               { 14, 15,  2, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
+        xarray<long> py_a2 = {
+            {{0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {14, 15, 2, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                              {{ 21, 22,  3, 24, 25, 26, 27},
-                               { 28, 29,  4, 31, 32, 33, 34},
-                               { 35, 36,  5, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
+            {{21, 22, 3, 24, 25, 26, 27}, {28, 29, 4, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {35, 36, 5, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
 
-                              {{ 42, 43,  6, 45, 46, 47, 48},
-                               { 49, 50,  7, 52, 53, 54, 55},
-                               { 56, 57,  8, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
+            {{42, 43, 6, 45, 46, 47, 48}, {49, 50, 7, 52, 53, 54, 55}, {56, 57, 8, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
 
-                              {{ 63, 64,  9, 66, 67, 68, 69},
-                               { 70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76},
-                               { 77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
+            {{63, 64, 9, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-                              {{ 84, 85, 12, 87, 88, 89, 90},
-                               { 91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97},
-                               { 98, 99, 14,101,102,103,104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 12, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 14, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
         view(a, all(), all(), 2) = py_b1;
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a2);
 
         // py_ar2
-        xarray<long> py_ar2 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
+        xarray<long> py_ar2 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
 
-                               {{ 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13}},
+            {{7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}},
 
-                               {{14,15,16,17,18,19,20}},
+            {{14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                               {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27}},
+            {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}},
 
-                               {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}};
         xt::xarray<long> ar2 = py_ar2;
         view(a, all(), 0, newaxis(), all()) = ar2;
 
         // py_a3
-        xarray<long> py_a3 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
-                               {  7,  8,  1, 10, 11, 12, 13},
-                               { 14, 15,  2, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
+        xarray<long> py_a3 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {14, 15, 2, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                              {{  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
-                               { 28, 29,  4, 31, 32, 33, 34},
-                               { 35, 36,  5, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
+            {{7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {28, 29, 4, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {35, 36, 5, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
 
-                              {{ 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20},
-                               { 49, 50,  7, 52, 53, 54, 55},
-                               { 56, 57,  8, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
+            {{14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}, {49, 50, 7, 52, 53, 54, 55}, {56, 57, 8, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
 
-                              {{ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
-                               { 70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76},
-                               { 77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
+            {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}, {70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-                              {{ 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34},
-                               { 91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97},
-                               { 98, 99, 14,101,102,103,104}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 14, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a3);
 
         view(a, all(), 2, all()) = xt::arange(7);
         // py_a4
-        xarray<long> py_a4 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
-                               { 7, 8, 1,10,11,12,13},
-                               { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
+        xarray<long> py_a4 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
 
-                              {{ 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13},
-                               {28,29, 4,31,32,33,34},
-                               { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
+            {{7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {28, 29, 4, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
 
-                              {{14,15,16,17,18,19,20},
-                               {49,50, 7,52,53,54,55},
-                               { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
+            {{14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}, {49, 50, 7, 52, 53, 54, 55}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
 
-                              {{21,22,23,24,25,26,27},
-                               {70,71,10,73,74,75,76},
-                               { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
+            {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}, {70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
 
-                              {{28,29,30,31,32,33,34},
-                               {91,92,13,94,95,96,97},
-                               { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a4);
 
         a = py_a0;
         view(a, 1, all(), all()) = -1;
 
         // py_ax1
-        xarray<long> py_ax1 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
-                                {  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
-                                { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
+        xarray<long> py_ax1 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                               {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}},
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}},
 
-                               {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
-                                { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
-                                { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
+            {{42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48}, {49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55}, {56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
 
-                               {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
-                                { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
-                                { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
+            {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-                               {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
-                                { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
-                                { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax1);
 
         a = py_a0;
         view(a, range(0, 2), range(0, 2), all()) = -1;
 
         // py_ax2
-        xarray<long> py_ax2 = {{{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
+        xarray<long> py_ax2 = {
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                               {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
 
-                               {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
-                                { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
-                                { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
+            {{42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48}, {49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55}, {56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
 
-                               {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
-                                { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
-                                { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
+            {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-                               {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
-                                { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
-                                { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax2);
 
         a = py_a0;
         view(a, all(), range(0, 2), all()) = -1;
         // py_ax4
-        xarray<long> py_ax4 = {{{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
+        xarray<long> py_ax4 = {
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                               {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
 
-                               {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
 
-                               {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-                               {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax4);
 
         a = py_a0;
         view(a, 1, range(0, 2, 2), all()) = -1;
         // py_ax3
-        xarray<long> py_ax3 = {{{  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6},
-                                {  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
-                                { 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
+        xarray<long> py_ax3 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}, {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}},
 
-                               {{ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
-                                { 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34},
-                                { 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41}},
 
-                               {{ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48},
-                                { 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55},
-                                { 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
+            {{42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48}, {49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55}, {56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62}},
 
-                               {{ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69},
-                                { 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76},
-                                { 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
+            {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-                               {{ 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90},
-                                { 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97},
-                                { 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax3);
     }
 
@@ -694,77 +949,57 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, broadcast_funcs_view)
     {
         // py_a0
-        xarray<long> py_a0 = {{{ 0, 1, 2, 3},
-                               { 4, 5, 6, 7},
-                               { 8, 9,10,11}},
+        xarray<long> py_a0 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
 
-                              {{12,13,14,15},
-                               {16,17,18,19},
-                               {20,21,22,23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
         // py_a1
-        xarray<long> py_a1 = {{ 0, 1, 2, 3},
-                              { 4, 5, 6, 7},
-                              { 8, 9,10,11}};
+        xarray<long> py_a1 = {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}};
         // py_a2
-        xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{0,1,2,3}},
+        xarray<long> py_a2 = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}},
 
-                              {{4,5,6,7}}};
+            {{4, 5, 6, 7}}};
         // py_a3
-        xarray<long> py_a3 = {{{0,1,2,3}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a3 = {{{0, 1, 2, 3}}};
         xt::xarray<long> py_a4 = {0, 1, 2};
         py_a4.reshape({3, 1});
 
         xt::xarray<long> a = py_a0;
         xt::view(a, range(0, 2), all(), all()) = py_a0 * 2 + py_a4;
         // py_a0_cp1
-        xarray<long> py_a0_cp1 = {{{ 0, 2, 4, 6},
-                                   { 9,11,13,15},
-                                   {18,20,22,24}},
+        xarray<long> py_a0_cp1 = {
+            {{0, 2, 4, 6}, {9, 11, 13, 15}, {18, 20, 22, 24}},
 
-                                  {{24,26,28,30},
-                                   {33,35,37,39},
-                                   {42,44,46,48}}};
+            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0_cp1, a);
 
         // py_a0_cp2
-        xarray<long> py_a0_cp2 = {{{   0,  14,  56, 126},
-                                   { 261, 396, 559, 750},
-                                   {1044,1300,1584,1896}},
+        xarray<long> py_a0_cp2 = {
+            {{0, 14, 56, 126}, {261, 396, 559, 750}, {1044, 1300, 1584, 1896}},
 
-                                  {{  24,  26,  28,  30},
-                                   {  33,  35,  37,  39},
-                                   {  42,  44,  46,  48}}};
+            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}};
         xt::view(a, 0, all(), all()) *= py_a1 * 7 + py_a4;
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0_cp2, a);
 
         // py_x0
-        xarray<long> py_x0 = {{{ 0, 1},
-                               { 2, 3},
-                               { 4, 5}},
+        xarray<long> py_x0 = {
+            {{0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5}},
 
-                              {{ 6, 7},
-                               { 8, 9},
-                               {10,11}},
+            {{6, 7}, {8, 9}, {10, 11}},
 
-                              {{12,13},
-                               {14,15},
-                               {16,17}}};
+            {{12, 13}, {14, 15}, {16, 17}}};
         // py_a0_cp3
-        xarray<long> py_a0_cp3 = {{{   6,  14,   7, 126},
-                                   {   8, 396,   9, 750},
-                                   {  10,1300,  11,1896}},
+        xarray<long> py_a0_cp3 = {
+            {{6, 14, 7, 126}, {8, 396, 9, 750}, {10, 1300, 11, 1896}},
 
-                                  {{  24,  26,  28,  30},
-                                   {  33,  35,  37,  39},
-                                   {  42,  44,  46,  48}}};
+            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}};
         xt::view(a, 0, all(), range(_, _, 2)) = xt::view(py_x0, 1, all(), all());
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a0_cp3);
 
         xt::view(a, 0, all(), all()) = xt::view((py_a0 * py_a0 + 3), 0, all(), all());
         // py_x1 = (a0 * a0 + 3)[0, :, :]
-        xarray<long> py_x1 = {{  3,  4,  7, 12},
-                              { 19, 28, 39, 52},
-                              { 67, 84,103,124}};
+        xarray<long> py_x1 = {{3, 4, 7, 12}, {19, 28, 39, 52}, {67, 84, 103, 124}};
         EXPECT_EQ(py_x1, view(a, 0, all(), all()));
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
index ed6562b33..e23ccf78b 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xhistogram.cppy by preprocess.py!
 // Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -33,62 +34,64 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended_histogram, histogram_auto)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = {19,48,37,30, 7, 7, 2,44,30,36, 1,49,42,10, 9, 9,15,26,22,14,31, 7,14,18,
-                             23,40,10,26,30, 2,30, 8, 3,48,49,41,15, 4,34,22, 6,25, 1,46,13,33,15,26,
-                             27, 9,49,39,47,45,30,47, 4, 9, 2,16,19,13,42,18,14,27, 7,40, 3,50,39,10,
-                              0,41,36,37,39, 3,18, 5,44,31,16, 3,15,16,37,32,45,24, 6,36,38,28,39,25,
-                             26,21, 1, 5, 1,32,16,25,46,12,20,38,11, 3,14, 8,47,41,32,44,40, 9,45,27,
-                             41,45,16, 5,11,21,41,43, 0,26,21,11, 6,17,48,16,26,35,18,49,49,12,25,15,
-                             14, 1,31,25, 2,14,46,12, 7,24,50,12,34,38,12,37,18,32,32,27, 4,42,16, 9,
-                              2,30,34, 0,26,11,32, 8,35,19,47, 7,17, 5,47,44,13,33,41,28,27,12, 4,45,
-                             45,32,17,17,37,45,45,39,32, 4, 8,45,30, 0, 5,33, 0, 8,27,35,33,11,36,12,
-                             16,38,33,43,33,28, 4,18,13,12,49,20,45,32,40,25,29,25, 9,36,14, 1,32, 9,
-                             47,48,46,18, 0,47,21,49,49,43,15,19,43,16, 8,28,47,35,29, 4,31,50, 7,26,
-                             44,37,35,35,18,14,41,41,44,46,26,25,40,33,35,40,45,17,19, 4,29, 1,23,27,
-                             14,30, 1, 1,41,18, 6,26,39,11,31, 4, 2,27,27,32,37,49,26,16,40,13,22, 4,
-                              1,49,42,35,20, 8, 7,12,28,36,33,14,48,37,28,31,21,12,18,38, 0, 5, 2, 2,
-                             43,35,24, 4,25,24, 8,22,20,31,32, 2,19,31,25,43,33, 8, 3,32, 1,29,47,29,
-                             19,32,23,27,48,19,49,46, 9, 3, 5, 0, 4,34, 3,16,43, 1,41,14, 6,35,32,44,
-                             37,40,14, 9,38,41,50,21,18,39,17,47,43,21,38,38, 5,46,25,42,16,45,19, 0,
-                             46, 4,16,48,48,29,32,22,14,16,34,38,40,40, 4,25, 2,28,22,45,17, 5, 7,38,
-                             31, 5, 4,35, 3,41,36, 4, 4,50,19,18,41,48,50,38,19, 4,39,28,21,46, 5,25,
-                              0,23, 2, 6, 5,33,38,29,49,19,14,44,11,49, 0,49, 2,45,26,50, 3,28,49,26,
-                             32,35,23,32,29,45, 2,14,48,45,23,31,14, 9,23,18,29, 3,49,50,35,27,15,41,
-                             34, 8,46,41,48,37,31,21,47,44, 2, 1,19,41,50, 7,30,19,49,42,42,23,21,13,
-                              2,44,41,50,50,28,39,48,43,12,22, 6,48,30,11,34,31,18, 5,34,26,39,26,43,
-                             28,28,44,20, 6, 1,38,31,35,10, 6, 0,17,30,20,22,46,17,26,39,20,31,43,48,
-                              7,47,25,13,23,49,25,16,32,12, 3, 6, 6, 7, 7,32, 9,17,45,24,34, 8, 9, 2,
-                              8,14, 9, 4, 6,23,10,18,25,35, 2,40,32, 4,44,46, 3,14,41,38, 9,10,18,24,
-                             31,18,23,38, 1,12,36,45,26,27, 5,22,27,12,13,19, 1,16,10,16, 6,45,30,34,
-                             40,25, 4,27,29,38,22, 6,14,18,32,29,18,50,30,12, 5, 7,12, 8, 9,14, 8,45,
-                              4,26,20,50, 5,20,49,44,41,13, 8,34,47,28,29,14,39, 9,16,21,25,12, 5,31,
-                             14,29, 7,24,27, 2,17, 6, 3,50,16,41,12,34,38,30,24,21,17,47,42,49, 6,37,
-                             47, 9, 3,37,29,42, 7,40,10, 8, 8,41,33,26,18,44,20,41,22,19,23,15,38,25,
-                             11,45,19,27,46,31, 5,47,32,17, 7,40,31,27,45,40, 7,15,12,37, 1,29,38,44,
-                             17,41, 5,43, 6,20,40, 7,11,36,36,32,35,27,12,17, 9,46,29,20,23,48, 7,29,
-                             25,31, 0,44,47,28,35,47,36, 7,29,30,21,37,47,47,22, 5,50,42, 6,46,44,26,
-                             30,20, 2,17,40, 0,17,20,27,46,17,17,37,23,11,23, 7, 8,25,21,46,18,29,32,
-                              0,33, 9,49, 7,21, 4,50,25,30, 3,38,10,45,10, 9, 1,24,28, 3,39,23,26,22,
-                             20,28, 7, 9,43,48,19,13,32,20, 1, 7,36,33, 1,11,11,34, 1, 5,40, 9,33,12,
-                              5,12,36,43,42,20,34,10,14,45, 0, 4,10, 1, 9,29,21,45,41,17,13,19,30,13,
-                             31,20,28,22,15,48,38, 7,44,24,45,40,21, 1,13,27,32,13, 7,42,50,26, 8,13,
-                              0,46, 6,29,13,28,33,42,10, 0, 6,45,44,30,30,33, 8,46,21,19,26, 2, 8,37,
-                              4,30,12,19,14,18,36,15,28,24,33,47,37,10, 1,13,30, 2,25,30,17,39, 5, 3,
-                             37,25,35,22,12,41,40,35,13,30,18, 4,46, 6,48,22};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {
+            19, 48, 37, 30, 7,  7,  2,  44, 30, 36, 1,  49, 42, 10, 9,  9,  15, 26, 22, 14, 31, 7,  14, 18,
+            23, 40, 10, 26, 30, 2,  30, 8,  3,  48, 49, 41, 15, 4,  34, 22, 6,  25, 1,  46, 13, 33, 15, 26,
+            27, 9,  49, 39, 47, 45, 30, 47, 4,  9,  2,  16, 19, 13, 42, 18, 14, 27, 7,  40, 3,  50, 39, 10,
+            0,  41, 36, 37, 39, 3,  18, 5,  44, 31, 16, 3,  15, 16, 37, 32, 45, 24, 6,  36, 38, 28, 39, 25,
+            26, 21, 1,  5,  1,  32, 16, 25, 46, 12, 20, 38, 11, 3,  14, 8,  47, 41, 32, 44, 40, 9,  45, 27,
+            41, 45, 16, 5,  11, 21, 41, 43, 0,  26, 21, 11, 6,  17, 48, 16, 26, 35, 18, 49, 49, 12, 25, 15,
+            14, 1,  31, 25, 2,  14, 46, 12, 7,  24, 50, 12, 34, 38, 12, 37, 18, 32, 32, 27, 4,  42, 16, 9,
+            2,  30, 34, 0,  26, 11, 32, 8,  35, 19, 47, 7,  17, 5,  47, 44, 13, 33, 41, 28, 27, 12, 4,  45,
+            45, 32, 17, 17, 37, 45, 45, 39, 32, 4,  8,  45, 30, 0,  5,  33, 0,  8,  27, 35, 33, 11, 36, 12,
+            16, 38, 33, 43, 33, 28, 4,  18, 13, 12, 49, 20, 45, 32, 40, 25, 29, 25, 9,  36, 14, 1,  32, 9,
+            47, 48, 46, 18, 0,  47, 21, 49, 49, 43, 15, 19, 43, 16, 8,  28, 47, 35, 29, 4,  31, 50, 7,  26,
+            44, 37, 35, 35, 18, 14, 41, 41, 44, 46, 26, 25, 40, 33, 35, 40, 45, 17, 19, 4,  29, 1,  23, 27,
+            14, 30, 1,  1,  41, 18, 6,  26, 39, 11, 31, 4,  2,  27, 27, 32, 37, 49, 26, 16, 40, 13, 22, 4,
+            1,  49, 42, 35, 20, 8,  7,  12, 28, 36, 33, 14, 48, 37, 28, 31, 21, 12, 18, 38, 0,  5,  2,  2,
+            43, 35, 24, 4,  25, 24, 8,  22, 20, 31, 32, 2,  19, 31, 25, 43, 33, 8,  3,  32, 1,  29, 47, 29,
+            19, 32, 23, 27, 48, 19, 49, 46, 9,  3,  5,  0,  4,  34, 3,  16, 43, 1,  41, 14, 6,  35, 32, 44,
+            37, 40, 14, 9,  38, 41, 50, 21, 18, 39, 17, 47, 43, 21, 38, 38, 5,  46, 25, 42, 16, 45, 19, 0,
+            46, 4,  16, 48, 48, 29, 32, 22, 14, 16, 34, 38, 40, 40, 4,  25, 2,  28, 22, 45, 17, 5,  7,  38,
+            31, 5,  4,  35, 3,  41, 36, 4,  4,  50, 19, 18, 41, 48, 50, 38, 19, 4,  39, 28, 21, 46, 5,  25,
+            0,  23, 2,  6,  5,  33, 38, 29, 49, 19, 14, 44, 11, 49, 0,  49, 2,  45, 26, 50, 3,  28, 49, 26,
+            32, 35, 23, 32, 29, 45, 2,  14, 48, 45, 23, 31, 14, 9,  23, 18, 29, 3,  49, 50, 35, 27, 15, 41,
+            34, 8,  46, 41, 48, 37, 31, 21, 47, 44, 2,  1,  19, 41, 50, 7,  30, 19, 49, 42, 42, 23, 21, 13,
+            2,  44, 41, 50, 50, 28, 39, 48, 43, 12, 22, 6,  48, 30, 11, 34, 31, 18, 5,  34, 26, 39, 26, 43,
+            28, 28, 44, 20, 6,  1,  38, 31, 35, 10, 6,  0,  17, 30, 20, 22, 46, 17, 26, 39, 20, 31, 43, 48,
+            7,  47, 25, 13, 23, 49, 25, 16, 32, 12, 3,  6,  6,  7,  7,  32, 9,  17, 45, 24, 34, 8,  9,  2,
+            8,  14, 9,  4,  6,  23, 10, 18, 25, 35, 2,  40, 32, 4,  44, 46, 3,  14, 41, 38, 9,  10, 18, 24,
+            31, 18, 23, 38, 1,  12, 36, 45, 26, 27, 5,  22, 27, 12, 13, 19, 1,  16, 10, 16, 6,  45, 30, 34,
+            40, 25, 4,  27, 29, 38, 22, 6,  14, 18, 32, 29, 18, 50, 30, 12, 5,  7,  12, 8,  9,  14, 8,  45,
+            4,  26, 20, 50, 5,  20, 49, 44, 41, 13, 8,  34, 47, 28, 29, 14, 39, 9,  16, 21, 25, 12, 5,  31,
+            14, 29, 7,  24, 27, 2,  17, 6,  3,  50, 16, 41, 12, 34, 38, 30, 24, 21, 17, 47, 42, 49, 6,  37,
+            47, 9,  3,  37, 29, 42, 7,  40, 10, 8,  8,  41, 33, 26, 18, 44, 20, 41, 22, 19, 23, 15, 38, 25,
+            11, 45, 19, 27, 46, 31, 5,  47, 32, 17, 7,  40, 31, 27, 45, 40, 7,  15, 12, 37, 1,  29, 38, 44,
+            17, 41, 5,  43, 6,  20, 40, 7,  11, 36, 36, 32, 35, 27, 12, 17, 9,  46, 29, 20, 23, 48, 7,  29,
+            25, 31, 0,  44, 47, 28, 35, 47, 36, 7,  29, 30, 21, 37, 47, 47, 22, 5,  50, 42, 6,  46, 44, 26,
+            30, 20, 2,  17, 40, 0,  17, 20, 27, 46, 17, 17, 37, 23, 11, 23, 7,  8,  25, 21, 46, 18, 29, 32,
+            0,  33, 9,  49, 7,  21, 4,  50, 25, 30, 3,  38, 10, 45, 10, 9,  1,  24, 28, 3,  39, 23, 26, 22,
+            20, 28, 7,  9,  43, 48, 19, 13, 32, 20, 1,  7,  36, 33, 1,  11, 11, 34, 1,  5,  40, 9,  33, 12,
+            5,  12, 36, 43, 42, 20, 34, 10, 14, 45, 0,  4,  10, 1,  9,  29, 21, 45, 41, 17, 13, 19, 30, 13,
+            31, 20, 28, 22, 15, 48, 38, 7,  44, 24, 45, 40, 21, 1,  13, 27, 32, 13, 7,  42, 50, 26, 8,  13,
+            0,  46, 6,  29, 13, 28, 33, 42, 10, 0,  6,  45, 44, 30, 30, 33, 8,  46, 21, 19, 26, 2,  8,  37,
+            4,  30, 12, 19, 14, 18, 36, 15, 28, 24, 33, 47, 37, 10, 1,  13, 30, 2,  25, 30, 17, 39, 5,  3,
+            37, 25, 35, 22, 12, 41, 40, 35, 13, 30, 18, 4,  46, 6,  48, 22};
         // py_bin_edges
-        xarray<double> py_bin_edges = { 0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9.,10.,11.,12.,13.,14.,15.,16.,17.,
-                                       18.,19.,20.,21.,22.,23.,24.,25.,26.,27.,28.,29.,30.,31.,32.,33.,34.,35.,
-                                       36.,37.,38.,39.,40.,41.,42.,43.,44.,45.,46.,47.,48.,49.,50.};
+        xarray<double> py_bin_edges = {0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9.,  10., 11., 12.,
+                                       13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25.,
+                                       26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38.,
+                                       39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50.};
         // py_count
-        xarray<long> py_count = {18,24,21,18,26,23,21,27,21,24,14,13,24,18,24,11,19,21,23,21,18,18,16,16,
-                                 11,24,23,20,19,21,24,20,27,17,14,19,14,18,21,14,20,25,13,14,19,27,20,21,
-                                 18,38};
+        xarray<long> py_count = {18, 24, 21, 18, 26, 23, 21, 27, 21, 24, 14, 13, 24, 18, 24, 11, 19,
+                                 21, 23, 21, 18, 18, 16, 16, 11, 24, 23, 20, 19, 21, 24, 20, 27, 17,
+                                 14, 19, 14, 18, 21, 14, 20, 25, 13, 14, 19, 27, 20, 21, 18, 38};
         // py_prob
-        xarray<double> py_prob = {0.018,0.024,0.021,0.018,0.026,0.023,0.021,0.027,0.021,0.024,0.014,0.013,
-                                  0.024,0.018,0.024,0.011,0.019,0.021,0.023,0.021,0.018,0.018,0.016,0.016,
-                                  0.011,0.024,0.023,0.02 ,0.019,0.021,0.024,0.02 ,0.027,0.017,0.014,0.019,
-                                  0.014,0.018,0.021,0.014,0.02 ,0.025,0.013,0.014,0.019,0.027,0.02 ,0.021,
-                                  0.018,0.038};
+        xarray<double> py_prob = {0.018, 0.024, 0.021, 0.018, 0.026, 0.023, 0.021, 0.027, 0.021, 0.024,
+                                  0.014, 0.013, 0.024, 0.018, 0.024, 0.011, 0.019, 0.021, 0.023, 0.021,
+                                  0.018, 0.018, 0.016, 0.016, 0.011, 0.024, 0.023, 0.02,  0.019, 0.021,
+                                  0.024, 0.02,  0.027, 0.017, 0.014, 0.019, 0.014, 0.018, 0.021, 0.014,
+                                  0.02,  0.025, 0.013, 0.014, 0.019, 0.027, 0.02,  0.021, 0.018, 0.038};
 
         auto bin_edges = xt::histogram_bin_edges(py_a, std::size_t(50));
 
@@ -113,54 +116,56 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended_histogram, histogram_with_range)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = { 9,27,44,37,41,33,35,43,12,24,11,50,48, 2,35,47, 9,28,46, 1,35,15,47,49,
-                             48,24,43,43,16,42, 1,30,11, 6, 3,35,17,36, 3,16,27,40,16,31,45,31,11, 1,
-                             44, 1,44,26,47,40,50,17,39,20,24,32,44,50,39,21,21,37,12, 5,18,14,15,11,
-                              2, 0,50,21,19,34,11,48,40, 4,21,44,48,23,31, 8,50,11,48,33,30,26,11, 9,
-                             11, 9,39,17, 2,49,45,47,50, 8,20,38,35, 7,41,11,11,27,30,29, 4,44,13, 6,
-                             45,48,43,41,33,28, 4,20,19,13,36,25, 4,11,34, 3,43,25,24,30,42,17,34,28,
-                             13,44,40,33,43,44,36,42,35,34,31,38, 8,44,44, 1,42, 6,17,37, 8,41,42,25,
-                              0,14,31,50,32,13,32,27,39, 5,38,27,49,17,32,47, 5,47,35, 3,15,36, 3,29,
-                             17,31, 2,44,49,49,38, 6,38, 1, 1,16,24,39,34,22,13,50,21,23, 8,40,35,11,
-                              4,34,33,13,48, 7,22,48,21,32,20,13,50,20,45,11,10, 1,33,18,44,24,49, 9,
-                             44,39,39,43,38,31, 6, 1,46,31,40,24, 5, 6,34,21,10,25, 3,29,13,40,15,23,
-                              0, 3,20,24,30,14,35,43,39, 2,24, 5,12,50, 7,25,31,35,28, 0,16,26, 4,17,
-                              1, 4,20, 6,28,35,40,10, 8, 5,32,36, 1,47, 2,27,36,44,36,40,17,41, 4,45,
-                             27,41,23,32,26,37, 4, 3,12, 8,44,11,49,17, 9,40,33,25,28,36,11,50,49,33,
-                             10,34, 3, 1,13,23,44,37,37,21,17,18,50, 2,44,29,22,36,24,44,45,21,14,30,
-                             46,10,31,32,37, 6,36,46, 9,12,49, 9,43,25,12,44,22,26,18,30, 8,19,49,13,
-                             33,16,39, 6,49,23,12, 3, 8,26,17,42,21,12,31,36, 8, 8, 1,37,33,24,43,41,
-                             29,44,10, 5,13, 2,27,47, 2, 6,23,47,16,25, 2, 7,50,49, 0,48,32,44,23,26,
-                             24,34, 7, 1,15,35,10,34,49, 4,34,22,44, 9,35,42,48,34,25,31,44,29, 1,47,
-                             35,34,10,33,20,33, 5,33,50, 2,49,20,44,39,28,37,44,20,16,34,41,38,40,22,
-                             41, 6,27, 0,16,18,20,35,19,22,12,19,11, 3,30,34,31,23,19,44,26,24, 1,17,
-                             19,20,29,27,31,39,41,36,48, 0, 9, 0,33,45,12,47, 3,47,17, 5,24,13,14,15,
-                             40,27,15,31,36,13,21, 6, 9,34, 9,26,36, 5,28,13,49,24,41,28, 2,32,48,30,
-                             41,45,11,10,31,20,42,45,18,12,39,14,41,21,34, 4,31,23,29, 8,37,44,11, 4,
-                              1,32,30,27,11,19,30,25,50, 6,35,20,21,36,35,50, 6, 5,36,29,13, 4, 4,45,
-                              9,16,11,18, 3,26, 3,40,11,27,44,33,27,16,16,34,50,33,28,37,23, 3,28,48,
-                              8,35,10,27, 4,22,38,17,33,40,47,11,20, 7,50,47,27,42,26,31, 4,38, 6,42,
-                             39,36, 1,15,13,18, 4,47,28,15,20,22,30,26,46,25,50,43,10,47, 5,41,19,44,
-                             44,41,40,15, 4,20, 8,35,17,49,32,41, 6,43,47,24,30,39, 8,25,20, 7,18, 3,
-                              1, 6,49,28,49,22,15,25,22, 5,32,11,31,33, 7, 3,39,23, 2,50, 2,35,50,12,
-                              7, 6,15, 5,35, 3,25,50,41,31,15,31,26,21, 6,45,22, 9,18,21,42,37,39, 0,
-                             21,24, 0,13,38, 6,27,10, 0,12,49,40,48,24, 5,27,23,43, 5,24, 7,16,37,24,
-                             19,20,23,40,45,48,40,16,35,22,12,42, 1,45,23,32,33,45,32,31, 3,26, 7,37,
-                             26,34, 2, 4,36, 3, 3, 0,48,37,18,15,17,39,33, 9, 8, 5,33,38,13, 1, 4,49,
-                             15,39,31,19,10, 6,31,39,32,27, 2,49,40,14,49,30,29,38,41,33, 6,17,47,11,
-                             18,22,22,31,48,12, 6,10,45,32,14,41,43,43,46,12,38,23,42,37,39,33, 9,27,
-                             50,47, 2, 8, 6,37,41,10,25,42,37,27,30,25,15,28,35,44,32,38, 8,23, 0,12,
-                             37,50, 5,20,40,10,28,37,31, 9,18,39,28, 0,38, 1,38,10,48,18,16, 7,15,44,
-                             50,18,22,36,45,30,19,21,35, 0,31,18,40, 4,29,24,32, 3,29,28,28,30,34,41,
-                             13,42,25, 3, 2,17,40,36,40,26,22, 7,16,22, 4,11,30,37,50,47,32,21,32,40,
-                              6,20,42,19,29,29, 9,18,17, 1, 1,42,13,26,15,47,13,21,44,42, 9,40,23,24,
-                              6, 4,37,25,22,37,39, 8,31, 6,38,33,48, 3, 2,14};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {
+            9,  27, 44, 37, 41, 33, 35, 43, 12, 24, 11, 50, 48, 2,  35, 47, 9,  28, 46, 1,  35, 15, 47, 49,
+            48, 24, 43, 43, 16, 42, 1,  30, 11, 6,  3,  35, 17, 36, 3,  16, 27, 40, 16, 31, 45, 31, 11, 1,
+            44, 1,  44, 26, 47, 40, 50, 17, 39, 20, 24, 32, 44, 50, 39, 21, 21, 37, 12, 5,  18, 14, 15, 11,
+            2,  0,  50, 21, 19, 34, 11, 48, 40, 4,  21, 44, 48, 23, 31, 8,  50, 11, 48, 33, 30, 26, 11, 9,
+            11, 9,  39, 17, 2,  49, 45, 47, 50, 8,  20, 38, 35, 7,  41, 11, 11, 27, 30, 29, 4,  44, 13, 6,
+            45, 48, 43, 41, 33, 28, 4,  20, 19, 13, 36, 25, 4,  11, 34, 3,  43, 25, 24, 30, 42, 17, 34, 28,
+            13, 44, 40, 33, 43, 44, 36, 42, 35, 34, 31, 38, 8,  44, 44, 1,  42, 6,  17, 37, 8,  41, 42, 25,
+            0,  14, 31, 50, 32, 13, 32, 27, 39, 5,  38, 27, 49, 17, 32, 47, 5,  47, 35, 3,  15, 36, 3,  29,
+            17, 31, 2,  44, 49, 49, 38, 6,  38, 1,  1,  16, 24, 39, 34, 22, 13, 50, 21, 23, 8,  40, 35, 11,
+            4,  34, 33, 13, 48, 7,  22, 48, 21, 32, 20, 13, 50, 20, 45, 11, 10, 1,  33, 18, 44, 24, 49, 9,
+            44, 39, 39, 43, 38, 31, 6,  1,  46, 31, 40, 24, 5,  6,  34, 21, 10, 25, 3,  29, 13, 40, 15, 23,
+            0,  3,  20, 24, 30, 14, 35, 43, 39, 2,  24, 5,  12, 50, 7,  25, 31, 35, 28, 0,  16, 26, 4,  17,
+            1,  4,  20, 6,  28, 35, 40, 10, 8,  5,  32, 36, 1,  47, 2,  27, 36, 44, 36, 40, 17, 41, 4,  45,
+            27, 41, 23, 32, 26, 37, 4,  3,  12, 8,  44, 11, 49, 17, 9,  40, 33, 25, 28, 36, 11, 50, 49, 33,
+            10, 34, 3,  1,  13, 23, 44, 37, 37, 21, 17, 18, 50, 2,  44, 29, 22, 36, 24, 44, 45, 21, 14, 30,
+            46, 10, 31, 32, 37, 6,  36, 46, 9,  12, 49, 9,  43, 25, 12, 44, 22, 26, 18, 30, 8,  19, 49, 13,
+            33, 16, 39, 6,  49, 23, 12, 3,  8,  26, 17, 42, 21, 12, 31, 36, 8,  8,  1,  37, 33, 24, 43, 41,
+            29, 44, 10, 5,  13, 2,  27, 47, 2,  6,  23, 47, 16, 25, 2,  7,  50, 49, 0,  48, 32, 44, 23, 26,
+            24, 34, 7,  1,  15, 35, 10, 34, 49, 4,  34, 22, 44, 9,  35, 42, 48, 34, 25, 31, 44, 29, 1,  47,
+            35, 34, 10, 33, 20, 33, 5,  33, 50, 2,  49, 20, 44, 39, 28, 37, 44, 20, 16, 34, 41, 38, 40, 22,
+            41, 6,  27, 0,  16, 18, 20, 35, 19, 22, 12, 19, 11, 3,  30, 34, 31, 23, 19, 44, 26, 24, 1,  17,
+            19, 20, 29, 27, 31, 39, 41, 36, 48, 0,  9,  0,  33, 45, 12, 47, 3,  47, 17, 5,  24, 13, 14, 15,
+            40, 27, 15, 31, 36, 13, 21, 6,  9,  34, 9,  26, 36, 5,  28, 13, 49, 24, 41, 28, 2,  32, 48, 30,
+            41, 45, 11, 10, 31, 20, 42, 45, 18, 12, 39, 14, 41, 21, 34, 4,  31, 23, 29, 8,  37, 44, 11, 4,
+            1,  32, 30, 27, 11, 19, 30, 25, 50, 6,  35, 20, 21, 36, 35, 50, 6,  5,  36, 29, 13, 4,  4,  45,
+            9,  16, 11, 18, 3,  26, 3,  40, 11, 27, 44, 33, 27, 16, 16, 34, 50, 33, 28, 37, 23, 3,  28, 48,
+            8,  35, 10, 27, 4,  22, 38, 17, 33, 40, 47, 11, 20, 7,  50, 47, 27, 42, 26, 31, 4,  38, 6,  42,
+            39, 36, 1,  15, 13, 18, 4,  47, 28, 15, 20, 22, 30, 26, 46, 25, 50, 43, 10, 47, 5,  41, 19, 44,
+            44, 41, 40, 15, 4,  20, 8,  35, 17, 49, 32, 41, 6,  43, 47, 24, 30, 39, 8,  25, 20, 7,  18, 3,
+            1,  6,  49, 28, 49, 22, 15, 25, 22, 5,  32, 11, 31, 33, 7,  3,  39, 23, 2,  50, 2,  35, 50, 12,
+            7,  6,  15, 5,  35, 3,  25, 50, 41, 31, 15, 31, 26, 21, 6,  45, 22, 9,  18, 21, 42, 37, 39, 0,
+            21, 24, 0,  13, 38, 6,  27, 10, 0,  12, 49, 40, 48, 24, 5,  27, 23, 43, 5,  24, 7,  16, 37, 24,
+            19, 20, 23, 40, 45, 48, 40, 16, 35, 22, 12, 42, 1,  45, 23, 32, 33, 45, 32, 31, 3,  26, 7,  37,
+            26, 34, 2,  4,  36, 3,  3,  0,  48, 37, 18, 15, 17, 39, 33, 9,  8,  5,  33, 38, 13, 1,  4,  49,
+            15, 39, 31, 19, 10, 6,  31, 39, 32, 27, 2,  49, 40, 14, 49, 30, 29, 38, 41, 33, 6,  17, 47, 11,
+            18, 22, 22, 31, 48, 12, 6,  10, 45, 32, 14, 41, 43, 43, 46, 12, 38, 23, 42, 37, 39, 33, 9,  27,
+            50, 47, 2,  8,  6,  37, 41, 10, 25, 42, 37, 27, 30, 25, 15, 28, 35, 44, 32, 38, 8,  23, 0,  12,
+            37, 50, 5,  20, 40, 10, 28, 37, 31, 9,  18, 39, 28, 0,  38, 1,  38, 10, 48, 18, 16, 7,  15, 44,
+            50, 18, 22, 36, 45, 30, 19, 21, 35, 0,  31, 18, 40, 4,  29, 24, 32, 3,  29, 28, 28, 30, 34, 41,
+            13, 42, 25, 3,  2,  17, 40, 36, 40, 26, 22, 7,  16, 22, 4,  11, 30, 37, 50, 47, 32, 21, 32, 40,
+            6,  20, 42, 19, 29, 29, 9,  18, 17, 1,  1,  42, 13, 26, 15, 47, 13, 21, 44, 42, 9,  40, 23, 24,
+            6,  4,  37, 25, 22, 37, 39, 8,  31, 6,  38, 33, 48, 3,  2,  14};
         // py_bin_edges
-        xarray<double> py_bin_edges = {10.,11.,12.,13.,14.,15.,16.,17.,18.,19.,20.,21.,22.,23.,24.,25.,26.,27.,
-                                       28.,29.,30.,31.,32.,33.,34.,35.,36.,37.,38.,39.,40.};
+        xarray<double> py_bin_edges = {10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20.,
+                                       21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31.,
+                                       32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40.};
         // py_count
-        xarray<long> py_count = {17,25,17,21, 9,18,16,20,17,13,21,19,19,18,22,18,17,21,18,14,18,28,21,24,
-                                 20,24,20,23,17,47};
+        xarray<long> py_count = {17, 25, 17, 21, 9,  18, 16, 20, 17, 13, 21, 19, 19, 18, 22,
+                                 18, 17, 21, 18, 14, 18, 28, 21, 24, 20, 24, 20, 23, 17, 47};
 
         auto bin_edges = xt::histogram_bin_edges(py_a, 10, 40, std::size_t(30));
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
index 0598d763e..70c7a4419 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_interp.cppy by preprocess.py!
 // Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -30,57 +31,86 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended_xmath, interp)
     {
         // py_xp
-        xarray<double> py_xp = {-0.4794155057041976,-0.4419163878318005,-0.3440054796637974,
-                                -0.3439813595575635,-0.3181750327928994,-0.3165954901465662,
-                                -0.2876608893217238,-0.2087708598019581,-0.1957577570404623,
-                                -0.1254598811526375,-0.0680549813578842, 0.0247564316322378,
-                                 0.0986584841970366, 0.1011150117432088, 0.2080725777960455,
-                                 0.2319939418114051, 0.3324426408004217, 0.3661761457749352,
-                                 0.4507143064099162, 0.4699098521619943};
+        xarray<double> py_xp = {
+            -0.4794155057041976, -0.4419163878318005, -0.3440054796637974, -0.3439813595575635,
+            -0.3181750327928994, -0.3165954901465662, -0.2876608893217238, -0.2087708598019581,
+            -0.1957577570404623, -0.1254598811526375, -0.0680549813578842, 0.0247564316322378,
+            0.0986584841970366,  0.1011150117432088,  0.2080725777960455,  0.2319939418114051,
+            0.3324426408004217,  0.3661761457749352,  0.4507143064099162,  0.4699098521619943};
         // py_fp
-        xarray<double> py_fp = { 0.1118528947223795,-0.3605061393479582,-0.2078553514647818,
-                                -0.1336381567063083,-0.0439300157829641, 0.2851759613930136,
-                                -0.3003262178416403, 0.0142344384136116, 0.0924145688620425,
-                                -0.4535495872800023, 0.1075448519014384,-0.3294758763127085,
-                                -0.4349484070147205, 0.4488855372533332, 0.4656320330745594,
-                                 0.3083973481164611,-0.1953862308266293,-0.4023278859936161,
-                                 0.1842330265121569,-0.0598475062603987};
+        xarray<double> py_fp = {
+            0.1118528947223795,  -0.3605061393479582, -0.2078553514647818, -0.1336381567063083,
+            -0.0439300157829641, 0.2851759613930136,  -0.3003262178416403, 0.0142344384136116,
+            0.0924145688620425,  -0.4535495872800023, 0.1075448519014384,  -0.3294758763127085,
+            -0.4349484070147205, 0.4488855372533332,  0.4656320330745594,  0.3083973481164611,
+            -0.1953862308266293, -0.4023278859936161, 0.1842330265121569,  -0.0598475062603987};
         // py_x
-        xarray<double> py_x = {-1.                ,-0.9591836734693877,-0.9183673469387755,
-                               -0.8775510204081632,-0.8367346938775511,-0.7959183673469388,
-                               -0.7551020408163265,-0.7142857142857143,-0.6734693877551021,
-                               -0.6326530612244898,-0.5918367346938775,-0.5510204081632654,
-                               -0.5102040816326531,-0.4693877551020409,-0.4285714285714286,
-                               -0.3877551020408164,-0.3469387755102041,-0.3061224489795918,
-                               -0.2653061224489797,-0.2244897959183674,-0.1836734693877552,
-                               -0.1428571428571429,-0.1020408163265307,-0.0612244897959184,
-                               -0.0204081632653061, 0.0204081632653061, 0.0612244897959182,
-                                0.1020408163265305, 0.1428571428571428, 0.1836734693877551,
-                                0.2244897959183672, 0.2653061224489794, 0.3061224489795917,
-                                0.346938775510204 , 0.3877551020408163, 0.4285714285714284,
-                                0.4693877551020407, 0.510204081632653 , 0.5510204081632653,
-                                0.5918367346938773, 0.6326530612244896, 0.6734693877551019,
-                                0.7142857142857142, 0.7551020408163265, 0.7959183673469385,
-                                0.8367346938775508, 0.8775510204081631, 0.9183673469387754,
-                                0.9591836734693877, 1.                };
+        xarray<double> py_x = {
+            -1.,
+            -0.9591836734693877,
+            -0.9183673469387755,
+            -0.8775510204081632,
+            -0.8367346938775511,
+            -0.7959183673469388,
+            -0.7551020408163265,
+            -0.7142857142857143,
+            -0.6734693877551021,
+            -0.6326530612244898,
+            -0.5918367346938775,
+            -0.5510204081632654,
+            -0.5102040816326531,
+            -0.4693877551020409,
+            -0.4285714285714286,
+            -0.3877551020408164,
+            -0.3469387755102041,
+            -0.3061224489795918,
+            -0.2653061224489797,
+            -0.2244897959183674,
+            -0.1836734693877552,
+            -0.1428571428571429,
+            -0.1020408163265307,
+            -0.0612244897959184,
+            -0.0204081632653061,
+            0.0204081632653061,
+            0.0612244897959182,
+            0.1020408163265305,
+            0.1428571428571428,
+            0.1836734693877551,
+            0.2244897959183672,
+            0.2653061224489794,
+            0.3061224489795917,
+            0.346938775510204,
+            0.3877551020408163,
+            0.4285714285714284,
+            0.4693877551020407,
+            0.510204081632653,
+            0.5510204081632653,
+            0.5918367346938773,
+            0.6326530612244896,
+            0.6734693877551019,
+            0.7142857142857142,
+            0.7551020408163265,
+            0.7959183673469385,
+            0.8367346938775508,
+            0.8775510204081631,
+            0.9183673469387754,
+            0.9591836734693877,
+            1.};
         // py_f
-        xarray<double> py_f = { 0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795,
-                                0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795,
-                                0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795,
-                                0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795, 0.1118528947223795,
-                                0.1118528947223795,-0.0144620389902249,-0.3397003008210678,
-                               -0.276064445327787 ,-0.2124285898345059, 0.0732501614278388,
-                               -0.2111903640369242,-0.0484421620454266,-0.0014373125435324,
-                               -0.3184348176553962,-0.2246439173504261, 0.0753821436708398,
-                               -0.1168095294085587,-0.3090012024879573,-0.3815228526932218,
-                                0.4490304917727565, 0.4554211611466747, 0.4618118305205929,
-                                0.3577219608188899, 0.1413257010677429,-0.063381729350545 ,
-                               -0.2843142598776403,-0.2526041141115967, 0.0305965322604367,
-                               -0.0532087927693443,-0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987,
-                               -0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987,
-                               -0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987,
-                               -0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987,
-                               -0.0598475062603987,-0.0598475062603987};
+        xarray<double> py_f = {
+            0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,
+            0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,
+            0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,
+            0.1118528947223795,  -0.0144620389902249, -0.3397003008210678, -0.276064445327787,
+            -0.2124285898345059, 0.0732501614278388,  -0.2111903640369242, -0.0484421620454266,
+            -0.0014373125435324, -0.3184348176553962, -0.2246439173504261, 0.0753821436708398,
+            -0.1168095294085587, -0.3090012024879573, -0.3815228526932218, 0.4490304917727565,
+            0.4554211611466747,  0.4618118305205929,  0.3577219608188899,  0.1413257010677429,
+            -0.063381729350545,  -0.2843142598776403, -0.2526041141115967, 0.0305965322604367,
+            -0.0532087927693443, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987,
+            -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987,
+            -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987,
+            -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987};
 
         auto f = xt::interp(py_x, py_xp, py_fp);
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
index b158006bf..4e21472ae 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
@@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cppy by preprocess.py!
 // Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
-// Temporary disabling for TBB and OPENMP due to a potential
-// race condition that must be identified
+    // Temporary disabling for TBB and OPENMP due to a potential
+    // race condition that must be identified
 
     /*py
     a  = np.random.random(4*5*6*7).reshape(4,5,6,7)
@@ -32,792 +33,1779 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended_xmath, average)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<double> py_a = {{{{0.3745401188473625,0.9507143064099162,0.7319939418114051,
-                                  0.5986584841970366,0.1560186404424365,0.1559945203362026,
-                                  0.0580836121681995},
-                                 {0.8661761457749352,0.6011150117432088,0.7080725777960455,
-                                  0.0205844942958024,0.9699098521619943,0.8324426408004217,
-                                  0.2123391106782762},
-                                 {0.1818249672071006,0.1834045098534338,0.3042422429595377,
-                                  0.5247564316322378,0.4319450186421158,0.2912291401980419,
-                                  0.6118528947223795},
-                                 {0.1394938606520418,0.2921446485352182,0.3663618432936917,
-                                  0.4560699842170359,0.7851759613930136,0.1996737821583597,
-                                  0.5142344384136116},
-                                 {0.5924145688620425,0.0464504127199977,0.6075448519014384,
-                                  0.1705241236872915,0.0650515929852795,0.9488855372533332,
-                                  0.9656320330745594},
-                                 {0.8083973481164611,0.3046137691733707,0.0976721140063839,
-                                  0.6842330265121569,0.4401524937396013,0.1220382348447788,
-                                  0.4951769101112702}},
-
-                                {{0.0343885211152184,0.9093204020787821,0.2587799816000169,
-                                  0.662522284353982 ,0.311711076089411 ,0.5200680211778108,
-                                  0.5467102793432796},
-                                 {0.184854455525527 ,0.9695846277645586,0.7751328233611146,
-                                  0.9394989415641891,0.8948273504276488,0.5978999788110851,
-                                  0.9218742350231168},
-                                 {0.0884925020519195,0.1959828624191452,0.0452272889105381,
-                                  0.3253303307632643,0.388677289689482 ,0.2713490317738959,
-                                  0.8287375091519293},
-                                 {0.3567533266935893,0.2809345096873808,0.5426960831582485,
-                                  0.1409242249747626,0.8021969807540397,0.0745506436797708,
-                                  0.9868869366005173},
-                                 {0.7722447692966574,0.1987156815341724,0.0055221171236024,
-                                  0.8154614284548342,0.7068573438476171,0.7290071680409873,
-                                  0.7712703466859457},
-                                 {0.0740446517340904,0.3584657285442726,0.1158690595251297,
-                                  0.8631034258755935,0.6232981268275579,0.3308980248526492,
-                                  0.0635583502860236}},
-
-                                {{0.3109823217156622,0.325183322026747 ,0.7296061783380641,
-                                  0.6375574713552131,0.8872127425763265,0.4722149251619493,
-                                  0.1195942459383017},
-                                 {0.713244787222995 ,0.7607850486168974,0.5612771975694962,
-                                  0.770967179954561 ,0.4937955963643907,0.5227328293819941,
-                                  0.4275410183585496},
-                                 {0.0254191267440952,0.1078914269933045,0.0314291856867343,
-                                  0.6364104112637804,0.3143559810763267,0.5085706911647028,
-                                  0.907566473926093 },
-                                 {0.2492922291488749,0.4103829230356297,0.7555511385430487,
-                                  0.2287981654916225,0.076979909828793 ,0.289751452913768 ,
-                                  0.1612212872540044},
-                                 {0.9296976523425731,0.808120379564417 ,0.6334037565104235,
-                                  0.8714605901877177,0.8036720768991145,0.1865700588860358,
-                                  0.8925589984899778},
-                                 {0.5393422419156507,0.8074401551640625,0.8960912999234932,
-                                  0.3180034749718639,0.1100519245276768,0.2279351625419417,
-                                  0.4271077886262563}},
-
-                                {{0.8180147659224931,0.8607305832563434,0.0069521305311907,
-                                  0.5107473025775657,0.417411003148779 ,0.2221078104707302,
-                                  0.1198653673336828},
-                                 {0.337615171403628 ,0.9429097039125192,0.3232029320207552,
-                                  0.5187906217433661,0.7030189588951778,0.363629602379294 ,
-                                  0.9717820827209607},
-                                 {0.9624472949421112,0.2517822958253642,0.4972485058923855,
-                                  0.3008783098167697,0.2848404943774676,0.0368869473545328,
-                                  0.6095643339798968},
-                                 {0.5026790232288615,0.0514787512499894,0.2786464642366114,
-                                  0.9082658859666537,0.2395618906669724,0.1448948720912231,
-                                  0.489452760277563 },
-                                 {0.9856504541106007,0.2420552715115004,0.6721355474058786,
-                                  0.7616196153287176,0.2376375439923997,0.7282163486118596,
-                                  0.3677831327192532},
-                                 {0.6323058305935795,0.6335297107608947,0.5357746840747585,
-                                  0.0902897700544083,0.835302495589238 ,0.3207800649717358,
-                                  0.1865185103998542}},
-
-                                {{0.0407751415547639,0.5908929431882418,0.6775643618422824,
-                                  0.0165878289278562,0.512093058299281 ,0.226495775197938 ,
-                                  0.6451727904094499},
-                                 {0.1743664290049914,0.690937738102466 ,0.3867353463005374,
-                                  0.9367299887367345,0.1375209441459933,0.3410663510502585,
-                                  0.1134735212405891},
-                                 {0.9246936182785628,0.877339353380981 ,0.2579416277151556,
-                                  0.659984046034179 ,0.8172222002012158,0.5552008115994623,
-                                  0.5296505783560065},
-                                 {0.2418522909004517,0.0931027678058992,0.8972157579533268,
-                                  0.9004180571633305,0.6331014572732679,0.3390297910487007,
-                                  0.3492095746126609},
-                                 {0.7259556788702394,0.8971102599525771,0.8870864242651173,
-                                  0.7798755458576239,0.6420316461542878,0.0841399649950488,
-                                  0.1616287140946138},
-                                 {0.8985541885270792,0.6064290596595899,0.0091970516166296,
-                                  0.1014715428660321,0.6635017691080558,0.0050615838462187,
-                                  0.1608080514174987}}},
-
-
-                               {{{0.5487337893665861,0.6918951976926933,0.6519612595026005,
-                                  0.2242693094605598,0.7121792213475359,0.2372490874968001,
-                                  0.3253996981592677},
-                                 {0.7464914051180241,0.6496328990472147,0.8492234104941779,
-                                  0.6576128923003434,0.5683086033354716,0.0936747678280925,
-                                  0.3677158030594335},
-                                 {0.2652023676817254,0.2439896433790836,0.9730105547524456,
-                                  0.3930977246667604,0.8920465551771133,0.6311386259972629,
-                                  0.7948113035416484},
-                                 {0.5026370931051921,0.5769038846263591,0.4925176938188639,
-                                  0.1952429877980445,0.7224521152615053,0.2807723624408558,
-                                  0.0243159664314538},
-                                 {0.6454722959071678,0.1771106794070489,0.9404585843529143,
-                                  0.9539285770025874,0.9148643902204485,0.3701587002554444,
-                                  0.0154566165288674},
-                                 {0.9283185625877254,0.4281841483173143,0.9666548190436696,
-                                  0.9636199770892528,0.8530094554673601,0.2944488920695857,
-                                  0.3850977286019253}},
-
-                                {{0.8511366715168569,0.3169220051562777,0.1694927466860925,
-                                  0.5568012624583502,0.936154774160781 ,0.696029796674973 ,
-                                  0.570061170089365 },
-                                 {0.0971764937707685,0.6150072266991697,0.9900538501042633,
-                                  0.140084015236524 ,0.5183296523637367,0.8773730719279554,
-                                  0.7407686177542044},
-                                 {0.697015740995268 ,0.7024840839871093,0.3594911512197552,
-                                  0.2935918442644934,0.8093611554785136,0.8101133946791808,
-                                  0.8670723185801037},
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+               0.1865670240513058,
+               0.2850951686938471,
+               0.1733735952947548,
+               0.8967654246264252}},
+
+             {{0.0802337456616422,
+               0.5245113895702547,
+               0.4103968269896615,
+               0.9823786169086064,
+               0.1120389021680523,
+               0.3978555990457416,
+               0.9694704332753689},
+              {0.8655071258939803,
+               0.8170720709492799,
+               0.2579028270449398,
+               0.1708875873900658,
+               0.668643219924431,
+               0.9293759891275858,
+               0.5567628930139298},
+              {0.5716126894698998,
+               0.2799790936602842,
+               0.7694929331919369,
+               0.1870437485575234,
+               0.3236792364042437,
+               0.4254364386164168,
+               0.507610378684455},
+              {0.2424097324150802,
+               0.1148368247392035,
+               0.6106200424416326,
+               0.2886305532402558,
+               0.5812382214226123,
+               0.1543627152742023,
+               0.4811401018548175},
+              {0.5325894325515859,
+               0.0518235368224269,
+               0.3366042781939206,
+               0.1344146769389742,
+               0.0633749704727677,
+               0.9899602323899452,
+               0.322353844974723},
+              {0.8098744458546349,
+               0.2546406547637639,
+               0.6815027222239293,
+               0.7602278598896866,
+               0.5956387406078443,
+               0.4715761885501584,
+               0.4118409141472685}},
+
+             {{0.3488682665429953,
+               0.9295291442478258,
+               0.8306194077877291,
+               0.9650269106665126,
+               0.1242972234855447,
+               0.7308674752036443,
+               0.9383404568210378},
+              {0.1812330661656602,
+               0.0664962673667775,
+               0.741120649290059,
+               0.5744731131799119,
+               0.8418287767582721,
+               0.1397723766262895,
+               0.7952673118598902},
+              {0.2016273200477445,
+               0.1636559428657045,
+               0.1642657979309929,
+               0.8145747202313821,
+               0.6651972206962001,
+               0.5230654247691193,
+               0.3588304841235025},
+              {0.8772005408131083,
+               0.3924451074226354,
+               0.8165994394715771,
+               0.4391349085702184,
+               0.3769444294249076,
+               0.4626797856696064,
+               0.3013778741641421},
+              {0.7476093801762511,
+               0.5027203900924792,
+               0.2322126951468173,
+               0.8995745732745685,
+               0.3838912213732114,
+               0.5435528611139886,
+               0.9064721109645469},
+              {0.6242379959139921,
+               0.1168980407083641,
+               0.9398321236134751,
+               0.6277080530714179,
+               0.3349056146570861,
+               0.1392720726633873,
+               0.794025189270296}},
+
+             {{0.6200727559285135,
+               0.5334610919763215,
+               0.8938925830509576,
+               0.7885972112245307,
+               0.1516748797327512,
+               0.3117220677955482,
+               0.2484891398144657},
+              {0.743946292572677,
+               0.0335324347357794,
+               0.5698896848713165,
+               0.7624586857406905,
+               0.8767656367617495,
+               0.3420817487159075,
+               0.8212573046720129},
+              {0.1106317369552072,
+               0.8464522917345182,
+               0.1274886623319824,
+               0.3972872905603673,
+               0.7972953657795536,
+               0.1499174273487738,
+               0.2292513952326415},
+              {0.7222525683930663,
+               0.7200365365460744,
+               0.6411476328852973,
+               0.6939484444671,
+               0.5427244433475962,
+               0.2517990589069528,
+               0.3456959935039194},
+              {0.1815977168014257,
+               0.9084505613336283,
+               0.5833917947661205,
+               0.4008514167636399,
+               0.4620058036441327,
+               0.9472833396118153,
+               0.1533514031160802},
+              {0.5862298320167972,
+               0.505888678884466,
+               0.6114542354346478,
+               0.0181101838208405,
+               0.8721239089441515,
+               0.9321182824836124,
+               0.5651331835892089}},
+
+             {{0.6966508238768923,
+               0.9224993811772957,
+               0.7072386343133986,
+               0.1525390429142613,
+               0.5762883601668132,
+               0.6067150463828559,
+               0.424130671302386},
+              {0.7364442356247228,
+               0.9343670147690148,
+               0.9255685129067763,
+               0.4508393714041321,
+               0.1132380458407553,
+               0.9848411989623346,
+               0.8388980864459341},
+              {0.1246626812032668,
+               0.9208418826173723,
+               0.8698963620621283,
+               0.5188380571260721,
+               0.5912754357449292,
+               0.3990027038701303,
+               0.0547616388220313},
+              {0.3351972416459009,
+               0.8028534485980114,
+               0.0046320230046029,
+               0.3334991716911442,
+               0.3981686935909433,
+               0.5373956029379229,
+               0.9198556164127605},
+              {0.3463459943659613,
+               0.3469532018962277,
+               0.7375012481097484,
+               0.4522179408898072,
+               0.224604822939982,
+               0.4524395161326934,
+               0.1408570203797999},
+              {0.1763869865062233,
+               0.4983677727394797,
+               0.4189254495045479,
+               0.9148459010681,
+               0.3623938991166331,
+               0.5805883502780435,
+               0.6322642879195304}}}};
         // py_w
-        xarray<double> py_w = {{{{0.0130944565883336,0.6635373720167106,0.1780359668697514,
-                                  0.9610703174694551,0.148662727753113 ,0.4146241237270237,
-                                  0.0853496680786439},
-                                 {0.9968742518459474,0.5021950103312426,0.5953850173200438,
-                                  0.0670764773884275,0.7499604703991778,0.2099055930955858,
-                                  0.8980542894407137},
-                                 {0.2051396404820072,0.1906877206636666,0.0365496678480949,
-                                  0.4720669451099992,0.5648411332626164,0.0657086394283524,
-                                  0.7755276166950106},
-                                 {0.4532888347480276,0.52439026932758  ,0.4407627469382281,
-                                  0.400763060875326 ,0.5596403313082179,0.1552402459307125,
-                                  0.1819281304952711},
-                                 {0.8617856210135173,0.9461154621336327,0.3733093162797529,
-                                  0.2707446731435538,0.6439995432390158,0.4087341710980964,
-                                  0.0253863556603449},
-                                 {0.1561525973661904,0.7159722288473975,0.6589239419101514,
-                                  0.0270959925034835,0.2219721619329494,0.2310747965880714,
-                                  0.6718927435987284}},
-
-                                {{0.0197105377543642,0.1041085819845738,0.7999160853731894,
-                                  0.1785446620543336,0.6527461078518747,0.2381827810467265,
-                                  0.0994413927593452},
-                                 {0.2431721909994541,0.7222669318556592,0.8556964681062857,
-                                  0.8302198645669916,0.3971835296184548,0.6680851365706462,
-                                  0.204984295415821 },
-                                 {0.2931477302610133,0.8963358185211198,0.013001923510736 ,
-                                  0.0855085308544681,0.2078862551460273,0.0265322038738197,
-                                  0.1814354350897973},
-                                 {0.5830415609696922,0.4214245505924979,0.8926717110769748,
-                                  0.8174435617384409,0.341817351697876 ,0.2594234334312925,
-                                  0.3796924081672669},
-                                 {0.5902949425148077,0.2680636408228763,0.624148907849134 ,
-                                  0.4094116521912404,0.5520471808519802,0.4361265291353167,
-                                  0.2944657595419177},
-                                 {0.9484533069621567,0.7636057941597608,0.1401131757664525,
-                                  0.8684679758979128,0.4874311982495136,0.8945522268940914,
-                                  0.7998552559473152}},
-
-                                {{0.4252135044692334,0.0224693083201174,0.2686773593849461,
-                                  0.5416342146608669,0.6334782198261473,0.2578876854332023,
-                                  0.1393560740728241},
-                                 {0.8349302367992991,0.9844021807035521,0.5256901823026858,
-                                  0.1716792858483035,0.272307326519369 ,0.0183906765474667,
-                                  0.914298806560499 },
-                                 {0.1177510828901411,0.5765164755142536,0.274055220687206 ,
-                                  0.5541780025157934,0.6514203883518642,0.8297418037072016,
-                                  0.2064212717606032},
-                                 {0.0109958286584805,0.1368856300688073,0.9000186418481051,
-                                  0.8738900775625152,0.5974131021703083,0.6005168604336534,
-                                  0.6650366745462555},
-                                 {0.1753712786234496,0.9144119459249598,0.4187705248920731,
-                                  0.3831385282494975,0.5189177052828375,0.046965966775055 ,
-                                  0.1662833687560794},
-                                 {0.7380336164263704,0.0827986679251265,0.6031521094663882,
-                                  0.245349109681321 ,0.3892956140419765,0.2886937367706999,
-                                  0.3556727164649491}},
-
-                                {{0.7190459051842455,0.297121715623175 ,0.5664046402968972,
-                                  0.4760504021990997,0.6636711653626481,0.936829739324758 ,
-                                  0.7325720972102503},
-                                 {0.2149403785907568,0.0311831350612847,0.2622640442998251,
-                                  0.5950779307002548,0.0514258134842503,0.4963662472012363,
-                                  0.5968428489168892},
-                                 {0.3342438908169608,0.7709122037458219,0.1065982531337718,
-                                  0.0751377817358088,0.7281887562036033,0.4954913162061985,
-                                  0.688402396427736 },
-                                 {0.4348273386037462,0.2464020332391068,0.8191023176741997,
-                                  0.7994158789689793,0.6946964708544268,0.2721451372299627,
-                                  0.5902306668690871},
-                                 {0.3609738969400268,0.0915820733266342,0.9173135754622428,
-                                  0.1368186309189614,0.9502373538208024,0.4460057729579557,
-                                  0.1851329288386196},
-                                 {0.5419009473783581,0.8729458358764083,0.7322248864095612,
-                                  0.8065611478614497,0.6587833667107174,0.6922765645178525,
-                                  0.8491956515653193}},
-
-                                {{0.2496680088591859,0.4894249636431405,0.2212094418196022,
-                                  0.987668007996647 ,0.9440593396866133,0.0394268113685059,
-                                  0.7055751725156885},
-                                 {0.9252483174156658,0.1805753451273335,0.5679452305526295,
-                                  0.9154882975880418,0.0339459785857988,0.6974202672468399,
-                                  0.2973490073725508},
-                                 {0.9243961953765304,0.9710582451653678,0.9442664891134339,
-                                  0.4742142166574638,0.8620426509893134,0.8445493985350704,
-                                  0.3191004732432556},
-                                 {0.8289154741506773,0.0370076347154926,0.596269878482053 ,
-                                  0.230008837287703 ,0.1205668857772788,0.0769532016292092,
-                                  0.6962887758781398},
-                                 {0.3398749637680661,0.7247667715287615,0.0653563407989424,
-                                  0.3152903378306103,0.5394912923753372,0.7907231648389635,
-                                  0.3187525029320699},
-                                 {0.6258913764370091,0.8859777482361871,0.6158631881823046,
-                                  0.2329594747536338,0.024400781556538 ,0.8700988739009299,
-                                  0.0212694108503871}}},
-
-
-                               {{{0.8747016726841994,0.528937134027212 ,0.9390676985128962,
-                                  0.7987832357736654,0.9979341105333375,0.3507118154517102,
-                                  0.7671882889311269},
-                                 {0.4019309136092422,0.4798756203039088,0.6275054632183701,
-                                  0.8736771141863388,0.9840834691992951,0.7682734138645182,
-                                  0.4177667821673338},
-                                 {0.4213570022770702,0.7375823015888915,0.2387771457683023,
-                                  0.1104741131313947,0.3546221576407765,0.2872389916540817,
-                                  0.2963081204559901},
-                                 {0.2336077510499099,0.0420931896363619,0.0178739347334138,
-                                  0.9877223897360315,0.4277731337358623,0.3843266471596817,
-                                  0.6796472826930698},
-                                 {0.2182538878650642,0.9499611839502253,0.786345014415552 ,
-                                  0.0894110023122595,0.4175807757849284,0.8791183075621647,
-                                  0.9447320222914103},
-                                 {0.4674015112498697,0.6134113892107077,0.1670339460920752,
-                                  0.9911686261369765,0.2316717013834434,0.9427317741351257,
-                                  0.6496466489923685}},
-
-                                {{0.6077367948788591,0.5126885110165086,0.2306698117177587,
-                                  0.1765280320055083,0.2204862090701754,0.1864382621442545,
-                                  0.7795844735667533},
-                                 {0.3501252591667301,0.0578426765633964,0.9691026301408113,
-                                  0.8837858849634257,0.927752283195213 ,0.9949078226464353,
-                                  0.1738952492194873},
-                                 {0.3962420189026588,0.7582384757040913,0.6960206180537922,
-                                  0.1538959063398551,0.8158331249906178,0.2244405718366607,
-                                  0.2238176148226231},
-                                 {0.5369744228934136,0.5929399348417032,0.5800862078378112,
-                                  0.0914868373977549,0.8774608626303804,0.2656000425887061,
-                                  0.1295149212828042},
-                                 {0.8887480798689772,0.9556514982297534,0.8621276172654506,
-                                  0.8095160747248781,0.6552419806390217,0.5508573706091393,
-                                  0.0869867599114101},
-                                 {0.4084532130706987,0.372688517012314 ,0.2597537837603262,
-                                  0.7234201136885849,0.4958757350787708,0.0810462159076479,
-                                  0.2201832019498113}},
-
-                                {{0.6832587636595959,0.0761308594903002,0.8512069140487687,
-                                  0.4951465270139743,0.480586577326648 ,0.5924077846595176,
-                                  0.8246809659251492},
-                                 {0.3478092079021931,0.6780161525590636,0.5657319639957911,
-                                  0.2670282701694213,0.878629986355158 ,0.7974260216069281,
-                                  0.6584518346584255},
-                                 {0.8505817290942419,0.8672942009598024,0.7083629767150348,
-                                  0.837013328363672 ,0.6974714616692836,0.6801407717603004,
-                                  0.6186113782151843},
-                                 {0.7527166395576412,0.1586051052930737,0.8808707591989284,
-                                  0.871843527745232 ,0.0292472830345591,0.8258167505647627,
-                                  0.1288698674734452},
-                                 {0.3351188542591419,0.7435082562916078,0.1607598960483082,
-                                  0.8179670241190622,0.8321341779577419,0.5074677337608362,
-                                  0.0063858717168336},
-                                 {0.2870381331749128,0.6169269183757422,0.9811861780274235,
-                                  0.6318135270166684,0.2598035810641598,0.6340057030996114,
-                                  0.5399853797158555}},
-
-                                {{0.7798453951511436,0.1069806388269584,0.761027902502028 ,
-                                  0.5412665786761103,0.9629920038589946,0.3418721660386861,
-                                  0.6326218931339481},
-                                 {0.9320281055100175,0.1025097279906793,0.9372284872364511,
-                                  0.6878857223008134,0.0678370591051719,0.3009635669468163,
-                                  0.7081720886452816},
-                                 {0.0673506014687717,0.5821704601762733,0.3458830569529567,
-                                  0.6209155177674771,0.0457420338125129,0.8715368061523763,
-                                  0.9734889691773969},
-                                 {0.9688778552856915,0.7496518317429247,0.130086240130632 ,
-                                  0.7582631959290226,0.0245869164588015,0.0221235515289973,
-                                  0.3236102191495412},
-                                 {0.4886431904046658,0.7704074178077932,0.6832953766065052,
-                                  0.4459027063767483,0.2736266662816659,0.9971245001577111,
-                                  0.4261813022359729},
-                                 {0.4513870243296755,0.1636238211916692,0.7948095487499294,
-                                  0.6936822257814886,0.2207696127887604,0.0823810456158427,
-                                  0.6804993020747131}},
-
-                                {{0.6545112142811352,0.2732595269982093,0.9508635622504104,
-                                  0.1510578917809002,0.4323348010426019,0.9436159201675989,
-                                  0.4197273169261223},
-                                 {0.6385259476640855,0.3975943979627943,0.27421520234867  ,
-                                  0.9839776479598282,0.409334006315043 ,0.8940992036791344,
-                                  0.2299546058910862},
-                                 {0.2131047040250833,0.0311340828845114,0.651666825375885 ,
-                                  0.3685263437237611,0.864358249839637 ,0.4732099066915572,
-                                  0.9681934279147217},
-                                 {0.1855255157031211,0.8686231679556108,0.7765968527917417,
-                                  0.770921844644052 ,0.8447832281168877,0.7610239909429989,
-                                  0.6262203216314154},
-                                 {0.1312448776823876,0.0325261794912519,0.9208478478156868,
-                                  0.616650314520738 ,0.7965372909761763,0.4815223515125501,
-                                  0.1173081889623945},
-                                 {0.1251857922025504,0.6855652872289714,0.4303058948994627,
-                                  0.2005247267003367,0.4915945467414369,0.0642089370751341,
-                                  0.5819714019143988}}},
-
-
-                               {{{0.2689934044350977,0.7975591006371882,0.3103619589235738,
-                                  0.4552201490818012,0.0116205399081006,0.0724468877945589,
-                                  0.3924935564066848},
-                                 {0.4799388347171235,0.6000205481193037,0.2916625787093032,
-                                  0.6949818861265425,0.8601223971892046,0.7798509888933498,
-                                  0.0396188253483571},
-                                 {0.4805069472578289,0.1049301784181749,0.2420450158625275,
-                                  0.9866625932671464,0.1424955429015132,0.4988881534513561,
-                                  0.6181557343181191},
-                                 {0.702464970544104 ,0.5596486834869141,0.0097708474191837,
-                                  0.3264613082439919,0.5177116433847114,0.0878664991448334,
-                                  0.3506269312091808},
-                                 {0.0332031087913666,0.0785784971550207,0.3969232762015961,
-                                  0.1327157540430604,0.5675408482615582,0.6894649691372657,
-                                  0.8005866991090829},
-                                 {0.2001502442448101,0.1674825822590698,0.1045678403344003,
-                                  0.6364302495436367,0.7064757264869012,0.031586144825642 ,
-                                  0.9362122462436898}},
-
-                                {{0.0519712836514724,0.5412963353010705,0.7090605194509164,
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+               0.3046791390980408,
+               0.0809192830512522,
+               0.4029801787651615,
+               0.1735245149865087,
+               0.6949510889024617}}}};
         // py_av
-        xarray<double> py_av = {{0.5106795969797712,0.6397044109091891,0.5112635235731234,
-                                 0.4586765467957137,0.4869877873873078,0.4943932998356453,
-                                 0.4385520508602098},
-                                {0.5978927985524186,0.559905994727937 ,0.619729942105118 ,
-                                 0.4653893064895739,0.5937783013353551,0.5048245639269587,
-                                 0.5831376677923145},
-                                {0.4165551320778472,0.4546935552796757,0.3973719402163453,
-                                 0.4544365450264588,0.5634293281574402,0.4992966676969995,
-                                 0.4805121186481612},
-                                {0.5571737102656098,0.4734357748888989,0.5334877219467363,
-                                 0.4183775498265881,0.4971210216796947,0.475560939392655 ,
-                                 0.5715317612540888},
-                                {0.6780835926478442,0.4848427790974752,0.5816075391773083,
-                                 0.5583959492918773,0.4287789529418257,0.4549499764850471,
-                                 0.2909222329544836},
-                                {0.455560911393571 ,0.4523219422883247,0.5616099216331595,
-                                 0.3817307280172807,0.4162942894756477,0.2873504573593249,
-                                 0.423361164166236 }};
-
-        auto av = xt::average(py_a, py_w, {0,1});
+        xarray<double> py_av = {
+            {0.5106795969797712,
+             0.6397044109091891,
+             0.5112635235731234,
+             0.4586765467957137,
+             0.4869877873873078,
+             0.4943932998356453,
+             0.4385520508602098},
+            {0.5978927985524186,
+             0.559905994727937,
+             0.619729942105118,
+             0.4653893064895739,
+             0.5937783013353551,
+             0.5048245639269587,
+             0.5831376677923145},
+            {0.4165551320778472,
+             0.4546935552796757,
+             0.3973719402163453,
+             0.4544365450264588,
+             0.5634293281574402,
+             0.4992966676969995,
+             0.4805121186481612},
+            {0.5571737102656098,
+             0.4734357748888989,
+             0.5334877219467363,
+             0.4183775498265881,
+             0.4971210216796947,
+             0.475560939392655,
+             0.5715317612540888},
+            {0.6780835926478442,
+             0.4848427790974752,
+             0.5816075391773083,
+             0.5583959492918773,
+             0.4287789529418257,
+             0.4549499764850471,
+             0.2909222329544836},
+            {0.455560911393571,
+             0.4523219422883247,
+             0.5616099216331595,
+             0.3817307280172807,
+             0.4162942894756477,
+             0.2873504573593249,
+             0.423361164166236}};
+
+        auto av = xt::average(py_a, py_w, {0, 1});
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(av, py_av));
     }
 
@@ -833,388 +1821,869 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended_xmath, var_std)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<double> py_a = {{{{0.3460997265377855,0.9756102008599149,0.640972077345332 ,
-                                  0.822480563634361 ,0.1325246727418484,0.8620144822726226,
-                                  0.9227571905133943},
-                                 {0.4870619188189359,0.6062529377509774,0.7648098009029954,
-                                  0.1748386272604125,0.5025660764634424,0.3986630277723131,
-                                  0.1463739921622491},
-                                 {0.3675344222915314,0.0681723093854936,0.025811906949487 ,
-                                  0.1351662891548228,0.9631151115891738,0.549529535895017 ,
-                                  0.96582216115322  },
-                                 {0.432497878330132 ,0.3118161330852596,0.5061418628402441,
-                                  0.4395116886329101,0.1056646842617439,0.6408263146902062,
-                                  0.2160381825095996},
-                                 {0.6195879548978296,0.6502010923981534,0.1520248531286481,
-                                  0.0613496271106682,0.7807615860684398,0.4598004237693202,
-                                  0.0581637955054758},
-                                 {0.9948663171697671,0.0577805609963666,0.6950352288585532,
-                                  0.9836789252634136,0.2391801042159256,0.1422493686871962,
-                                  0.1213849394224289}},
-
-                                {{0.3032751475675955,0.1010458110106467,0.6921613416941319,
-                                  0.0622917981300627,0.5094221281497897,0.9966968538529768,
-                                  0.8139702695060188},
-                                 {0.6152194382310109,0.3062536207866117,0.6238958362916385,
-                                  0.5270414639116516,0.4260833838903715,0.1307103767401995,
-                                  0.8866042152404667},
-                                 {0.4497846488213225,0.1946225118207651,0.3677593508772896,
-                                  0.414129752528927 ,0.8275378955668743,0.733614380561402 ,
-                                  0.7693048936413398},
-                                 {0.0110312644286472,0.4161539981797615,0.4813441516353236,
-                                  0.0191922768230567,0.2598132087450342,0.760289823122135 ,
-                                  0.1371097057289991},
-                                 {0.5353101314525917,0.2152018720172375,0.0121207746438933,
-                                  0.2412014575995415,0.9758737549100538,0.8015371118829896,
-                                  0.9595766443210334},
-                                 {0.4878540439263624,0.1097361986775035,0.547959488973693 ,
-                                  0.4543773345599609,0.844357082739616 ,0.0980825807842446,
-                                  0.4882411370217782}},
-
-                                {{0.1500486646939843,0.32467592689006  ,0.7373570773877997,
-                                  0.4760181293687665,0.3758882851457693,0.3944762785700353,
-                                  0.4594467684059866},
-                                 {0.7850165438370569,0.8920846889402344,0.9553346865039283,
-                                  0.7869033862552951,0.3154068957480127,0.6881347060865421,
-                                  0.4376031240553919},
-                                 {0.2546706220460512,0.8408715794259226,0.038426348962325 ,
-                                  0.9017619921354235,0.4614774646247342,0.6372014768082804,
-                                  0.6593539222057827},
-                                 {0.8951177407065364,0.6366696821672073,0.6139335847600618,
-                                  0.06665204056069  ,0.5184080219452041,0.1501690008170417,
-                                  0.7374337687214856},
-                                 {0.5122219208126745,0.6802277792083533,0.0416729006023843,
-                                  0.0847920160458032,0.7163233880626823,0.0720843359986734,
-                                  0.0712567277652586},
-                                 {0.0121084752348875,0.9565013982994801,0.737508359459007 ,
-                                  0.3532514085020642,0.2965355812876552,0.3497032297458496,
-                                  0.7746535311811819}},
-
-                                {{0.6613706110704144,0.1851955678674679,0.1741093353340843,
-                                  0.0983956497133973,0.6603027197013381,0.7643726622217359,
-                                  0.265046428325004 },
-                                 {0.0209449610309128,0.0821716674764273,0.9678600348450305,
-                                  0.2954447774774203,0.7692231478381336,0.6246635688542638,
-                                  0.3819396396528959},
-                                 {0.2056872621955551,0.1213864181594064,0.6150129680388666,
-                                  0.774633780637788 ,0.6439042535411307,0.5303021332491583,
-                                  0.0419512234316363},
-                                 {0.9684887775943838,0.7987141916545746,0.2928220367009647,
-                                  0.9799703293588506,0.6018815896363221,0.5824226582072465,
-                                  0.7480731794295321},
-                                 {0.8117697880901376,0.6564786073315027,0.1280957463662   ,
-                                  0.3382675059944984,0.9280836403260497,0.2246156118438519,
-                                  0.3721670238375133},
-                                 {0.432076882944196 ,0.4394049896944522,0.6129395824945255,
-                                  0.9430758377447076,0.240692711832505 ,0.1215013763009181,
-                                  0.1974704898599373}},
-
-                                {{0.8869249002092695,0.645810812655206 ,0.2859067892391601,
-                                  0.8159469389686173,0.861369996363436 ,0.846514338690278 ,
-                                  0.9189265336395545},
-                                 {0.2522410201733616,0.7550419287462783,0.46053949727414  ,
-                                  0.8419985528900615,0.7284906771616132,0.7764474464997246,
-                                  0.6561618376810715},
-                                 {0.1774287694697069,0.5450269188969383,0.9846697395245082,
-                                  0.9373880664971189,0.0431737357970117,0.1648148157294371,
-                                  0.1317287734545619},
-                                 {0.7259799099852955,0.8177853298569451,0.2135113663106719,
-                                  0.505852692951829 ,0.8407030280112   ,0.7328015447662506,
-                                  0.5422372054918483},
-                                 {0.5903476904587729,0.50836054691628  ,0.2975484513188206,
-                                  0.5650219928590161,0.6888853020500907,0.8733229158608077,
-                                  0.6362913539792481},
-                                 {0.761121537043158 ,0.160071634954573 ,0.4615574744197899,
-                                  0.0093316198270933,0.246678864521623 ,0.7264617151130048,
-                                  0.9918099513493635}}},
-
-
-                               {{{0.0991780995872159,0.4014943158612883,0.8000709686991595,
-                                  0.2040356346288988,0.5550849493022862,0.7330712960296748,
-                                  0.615985450260179 },
-                                 {0.1880247346154161,0.3553845686857394,0.7837917844853972,
-                                  0.5542265141320166,0.0052296135429127,0.7609907600280938,
-                                  0.0353113549402391},
-                                 {0.7457337827312321,0.2024805601652374,0.9580734801193802,
-                                  0.3679407513020845,0.3269316163380791,0.1488880503324447,
-                                  0.3056042154902149},
-                                 {0.8766507618282006,0.9963343376272473,0.3683095305068483,
-                                  0.4486106309545426,0.722070938202737 ,0.8861957804650745,
-                                  0.5930443341867842},
-                                 {0.3915256981778293,0.4126218408486237,0.6956181464968069,
-                                  0.0032182636042787,0.6195893374598407,0.3554930104413574,
-                                  0.7941973312770843},
-                                 {0.0929906398231322,0.5882022669483905,0.4809728898861237,
-                                  0.6423255259052274,0.0648535944829683,0.5799837874281313,
-                                  0.5614845879595237}},
-
-                                {{0.5606600944161709,0.6034876665964548,0.6764679372263622,
-                                  0.8049889996807698,0.2698207201282143,0.8250494101800621,
-                                  0.4982556822634536},
-                                 {0.0770582791343312,0.0585509292439792,0.3342383186960608,
-                                  0.7848969771114676,0.7076809347409158,0.7886149646724064,
-                                  0.5172690564416094},
-                                 {0.4401989979554906,0.1474525267062839,0.3281927536093115,
-                                  0.4340193661738753,0.0886004296796172,0.2206119527112113,
-                                  0.5982252940637388},
-                                 {0.7356631142391898,0.9983475113929496,0.9331133313435577,
-                                  0.6425651995351915,0.421248053294072 ,0.6361773647082327,
-                                  0.785651618080232 },
-                                 {0.1183361909233873,0.4099048896962882,0.8398022856356172,
-                                  0.383832951933044 ,0.5718722712271865,0.5877693608621982,
-                                  0.1844762531336394},
-                                 {0.3622354416522884,0.3345112887419321,0.0261967085320648,
-                                  0.0241917638913552,0.8316970436757735,0.2730708099728124,
-                                  0.5180787662388154}},
-
-                                {{0.2987255735887731,0.9406792451153405,0.2592967588657737,
-                                  0.4296568127389351,0.8727302504846018,0.8419335667918086,
-                                  0.1861014178462773},
-                                 {0.8026433097957104,0.4581868867378927,0.4829688720853552,
-                                  0.1334799724159438,0.0806015137571247,0.7279393069737652,
-                                  0.4964611523552998},
-                                 {0.4368507026151796,0.7295082286523967,0.7655128989911097,
-                                  0.1589081676693536,0.6102251494776413,0.1353540822776855,
-                                  0.7513750860290457},
-                                 {0.6569551562671395,0.956614621083458 ,0.0689580163564212,
-                                  0.0570547211512543,0.2821870746932001,0.261705683735906 ,
-                                  0.2469787990719998},
-                                 {0.9062545805210367,0.2495461998495061,0.271949726128631 ,
-                                  0.7593982624179637,0.44973984245054  ,0.7767105569551812,
-                                  0.0653661575643852},
-                                 {0.4875711936733843,0.0336136001832826,0.0626532034553545,
-                                  0.906437453344411 ,0.1392453711175952,0.5324206822752171,
-                                  0.4110956026007065}},
-
-                                {{0.3473433262588427,0.8998333456872725,0.0218233967754895,
-                                  0.6637896861755891,0.9633944342135504,0.5601681834618419,
-                                  0.9368224620330918},
-                                 {0.0522578792860238,0.4187933190741614,0.2601577909620512,
-                                  0.7308209649807298,0.9812970904972467,0.2565300624442478,
-                                  0.6541746014740745},
-                                 {0.1980976327597401,0.5653302545716099,0.4639324866883362,
-                                  0.9720053296315371,0.6085272726964666,0.3495063720868188,
-                                  0.1140957848879334},
-                                 {0.1512468287349346,0.2253169299512351,0.250966661340298 ,
-                                  0.8506160578411378,0.5612227882825249,0.5233909113743664,
-                                  0.1147688718692175},
-                                 {0.860139693349435 ,0.7228143032084837,0.0676683619000016,
-                                  0.7078350972297687,0.5435382173426461,0.0817253457467783,
-                                  0.4583006415286565},
-                                 {0.484696287130047 ,0.1657745401632758,0.9456981470002823,
-                                  0.8499753714806619,0.6690223373291083,0.4622955610006072,
-                                  0.4117655415845085}},
-
-                                {{0.6509734671509542,0.5454318694069055,0.0622731058818856,
-                                  0.5125026487703317,0.8064036172328395,0.4592398775969581,
-                                  0.0519565775542684},
-                                 {0.7862781993840331,0.2013637821359744,0.2586208348880388,
-                                  0.1647063534322959,0.3302150648714975,0.756751505688635 ,
-                                  0.5193858595039373},
-                                 {0.2048812741507126,0.8778300781520408,0.8795818549515292,
-                                  0.8705784250460069,0.2387962113815393,0.4512393441809881,
-                                  0.9849896561408751},
-                                 {0.7720124763099904,0.0271674212255598,0.0652045912604921,
-                                  0.4639313768123328,0.9092202058615602,0.5387017979527142,
-                                  0.4978125080342902},
-                                 {0.1054736999566306,0.656780104724294 ,0.8221031606002255,
-                                  0.3804200075075623,0.7756118509253275,0.9644766539008116,
-                                  0.2037664591276891},
-                                 {0.5233296311947413,0.2871379580845755,0.7928544190338394,
-                                  0.5775933658811575,0.6345824175503038,0.7979141596158941,
-                                  0.3959704726624549}}},
-
-
-                               {{{0.9150900684070432,0.53302886724614  ,0.157954822835348 ,
-                                  0.6958991181688025,0.7932613504382544,0.3167616770675267,
-                                  0.857179256998753 },
-                                 {0.9061432547657664,0.2769044873778089,0.9835214727152221,
-                                  0.1407115280487584,0.20201566840249  ,0.1842248392380261,
-                                  0.8939897100078704},
-                                 {0.6542925523249619,0.1521042832222729,0.440323418368349 ,
-                                  0.615298025069802 ,0.0834640849893833,0.8824163684073387,
-                                  0.8036035354415352},
-                                 {0.5052067735766382,0.9671266152591704,0.4177609792750997,
-                                  0.9841103190364978,0.6679199988036271,0.6346712732539415,
-                                  0.165954895295785 },
-                                 {0.881927758304644 ,0.4274896879206151,0.1622334057824794,
-                                  0.012607519975759 ,0.5597556836383826,0.5273996221226763,
-                                  0.7193536223691586},
-                                 {0.8902580530178021,0.0794065846430295,0.7314964903403623,
-                                  0.1874119440975822,0.858177053157164 ,0.8190635138616561,
-                                  0.5407937549855444}},
-
-                                {{0.7102427986233115,0.3143501131837484,0.4711678989328146,
-                                  0.8216368977104717,0.4592651971732139,0.3577982653254418,
-                                  0.4942124472502999},
-                                 {0.8282492524372184,0.3352080473708727,0.1737615931357438,
-                                  0.7120140203307808,0.8259782127080818,0.1006374785235333,
-                                  0.2398741127559447},
-                                 {0.1419719897609939,0.3479414115821666,0.4503509789054126,
-                                  0.7488263369633065,0.6511475848816741,0.6209285674784312,
-                                  0.3523749466096544},
-                                 {0.8414475530847599,0.4712871673981646,0.9791049380151545,
-                                  0.6341421382957368,0.1262647415645027,0.676177562075434 ,
-                                  0.325104015431699 },
-                                 {0.6863271966860974,0.0696411481624057,0.1748814371759594,
-                                  0.8557372589057863,0.2271795570235149,0.83704112524294  ,
-                                  0.2792760884544104},
-                                 {0.6428819100587077,0.694150573509831 ,0.5126547531450529,
-                                  0.3053106766967313,0.2126443763710961,0.0331893545624262,
-                                  0.3039464012407238}},
-
-                                {{0.653162790531283 ,0.9383048184484827,0.871204482263052 ,
-                                  0.7660647765353026,0.7884473432532987,0.6649849034759953,
-                                  0.260286857566003 },
-                                 {0.9071950307058299,0.670732311905834 ,0.56044063098044  ,
-                                  0.1109894692134811,0.4470555438064254,0.4603582712019263,
-                                  0.86456360952267  },
-                                 {0.5466482201877885,0.3804005489704096,0.9768003285106593,
-                                  0.1107205933263157,0.4225484283119446,0.0420246751714053,
-                                  0.7399041207669304},
-                                 {0.9180765521991506,0.2800373295504894,0.8583416767991209,
-                                  0.2922182304618978,0.9107701616439152,0.7539619035967839,
-                                  0.8049067768414386},
-                                 {0.0180065556004545,0.962810357074026 ,0.7266709920703233,
-                                  0.3047510953861333,0.8293946648588469,0.28152119841493  ,
-                                  0.872753839566128 },
-                                 {0.112580390411937 ,0.7036859774607958,0.5406984766449103,
-                                  0.0965344701954408,0.241893828258839 ,0.0124040362773148,
-                                  0.4687679654645058}},
-
-                                {{0.3012652607600004,0.5983574842977588,0.2972378077086172,
-                                  0.2999191115069847,0.7431931987316034,0.0481428359783534,
-                                  0.9028949951919872},
-                                 {0.8522638743911815,0.6678046832264065,0.5932215701073843,
-                                  0.8923024981396522,0.1853301795287144,0.0789691621908286,
-                                  0.2395101699095381},
-                                 {0.7945782787001903,0.0346702667264833,0.5828068350834896,
-                                  0.9954375161913099,0.8556960938375394,0.5214456890435895,
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+               0.5601681834618419,
+               0.9368224620330918},
+              {0.0522578792860238,
+               0.4187933190741614,
+               0.2601577909620512,
+               0.7308209649807298,
+               0.9812970904972467,
+               0.2565300624442478,
+               0.6541746014740745},
+              {0.1980976327597401,
+               0.5653302545716099,
+               0.4639324866883362,
+               0.9720053296315371,
+               0.6085272726964666,
+               0.3495063720868188,
+               0.1140957848879334},
+              {0.1512468287349346,
+               0.2253169299512351,
+               0.250966661340298,
+               0.8506160578411378,
+               0.5612227882825249,
+               0.5233909113743664,
+               0.1147688718692175},
+              {0.860139693349435,
+               0.7228143032084837,
+               0.0676683619000016,
+               0.7078350972297687,
+               0.5435382173426461,
+               0.0817253457467783,
+               0.4583006415286565},
+              {0.484696287130047,
+               0.1657745401632758,
+               0.9456981470002823,
+               0.8499753714806619,
+               0.6690223373291083,
+               0.4622955610006072,
+               0.4117655415845085}},
+
+             {{0.6509734671509542,
+               0.5454318694069055,
+               0.0622731058818856,
+               0.5125026487703317,
+               0.8064036172328395,
+               0.4592398775969581,
+               0.0519565775542684},
+              {0.7862781993840331,
+               0.2013637821359744,
+               0.2586208348880388,
+               0.1647063534322959,
+               0.3302150648714975,
+               0.756751505688635,
+               0.5193858595039373},
+              {0.2048812741507126,
+               0.8778300781520408,
+               0.8795818549515292,
+               0.8705784250460069,
+               0.2387962113815393,
+               0.4512393441809881,
+               0.9849896561408751},
+              {0.7720124763099904,
+               0.0271674212255598,
+               0.0652045912604921,
+               0.4639313768123328,
+               0.9092202058615602,
+               0.5387017979527142,
+               0.4978125080342902},
+              {0.1054736999566306,
+               0.656780104724294,
+               0.8221031606002255,
+               0.3804200075075623,
+               0.7756118509253275,
+               0.9644766539008116,
+               0.2037664591276891},
+              {0.5233296311947413,
+               0.2871379580845755,
+               0.7928544190338394,
+               0.5775933658811575,
+               0.6345824175503038,
+               0.7979141596158941,
+               0.3959704726624549}}},
+
+
+            {{{0.9150900684070432,
+               0.53302886724614,
+               0.157954822835348,
+               0.6958991181688025,
+               0.7932613504382544,
+               0.3167616770675267,
+               0.857179256998753},
+              {0.9061432547657664,
+               0.2769044873778089,
+               0.9835214727152221,
+               0.1407115280487584,
+               0.20201566840249,
+               0.1842248392380261,
+               0.8939897100078704},
+              {0.6542925523249619,
+               0.1521042832222729,
+               0.440323418368349,
+               0.615298025069802,
+               0.0834640849893833,
+               0.8824163684073387,
+               0.8036035354415352},
+              {0.5052067735766382,
+               0.9671266152591704,
+               0.4177609792750997,
+               0.9841103190364978,
+               0.6679199988036271,
+               0.6346712732539415,
+               0.165954895295785},
+              {0.881927758304644,
+               0.4274896879206151,
+               0.1622334057824794,
+               0.012607519975759,
+               0.5597556836383826,
+               0.5273996221226763,
+               0.7193536223691586},
+              {0.8902580530178021,
+               0.0794065846430295,
+               0.7314964903403623,
+               0.1874119440975822,
+               0.858177053157164,
+               0.8190635138616561,
+               0.5407937549855444}},
+
+             {{0.7102427986233115,
+               0.3143501131837484,
+               0.4711678989328146,
+               0.8216368977104717,
+               0.4592651971732139,
+               0.3577982653254418,
+               0.4942124472502999},
+              {0.8282492524372184,
+               0.3352080473708727,
+               0.1737615931357438,
+               0.7120140203307808,
+               0.8259782127080818,
+               0.1006374785235333,
+               0.2398741127559447},
+              {0.1419719897609939,
+               0.3479414115821666,
+               0.4503509789054126,
+               0.7488263369633065,
+               0.6511475848816741,
+               0.6209285674784312,
+               0.3523749466096544},
+              {0.8414475530847599,
+               0.4712871673981646,
+               0.9791049380151545,
+               0.6341421382957368,
+               0.1262647415645027,
+               0.676177562075434,
+               0.325104015431699},
+              {0.6863271966860974,
+               0.0696411481624057,
+               0.1748814371759594,
+               0.8557372589057863,
+               0.2271795570235149,
+               0.83704112524294,
+               0.2792760884544104},
+              {0.6428819100587077,
+               0.694150573509831,
+               0.5126547531450529,
+               0.3053106766967313,
+               0.2126443763710961,
+               0.0331893545624262,
+               0.3039464012407238}},
+
+             {{0.653162790531283,
+               0.9383048184484827,
+               0.871204482263052,
+               0.7660647765353026,
+               0.7884473432532987,
+               0.6649849034759953,
+               0.260286857566003},
+              {0.9071950307058299,
+               0.670732311905834,
+               0.56044063098044,
+               0.1109894692134811,
+               0.4470555438064254,
+               0.4603582712019263,
+               0.86456360952267},
+              {0.5466482201877885,
+               0.3804005489704096,
+               0.9768003285106593,
+               0.1107205933263157,
+               0.4225484283119446,
+               0.0420246751714053,
+               0.7399041207669304},
+              {0.9180765521991506,
+               0.2800373295504894,
+               0.8583416767991209,
+               0.2922182304618978,
+               0.9107701616439152,
+               0.7539619035967839,
+               0.8049067768414386},
+              {0.0180065556004545,
+               0.962810357074026,
+               0.7266709920703233,
+               0.3047510953861333,
+               0.8293946648588469,
+               0.28152119841493,
+               0.872753839566128},
+              {0.112580390411937,
+               0.7036859774607958,
+               0.5406984766449103,
+               0.0965344701954408,
+               0.241893828258839,
+               0.0124040362773148,
+               0.4687679654645058}},
+
+             {{0.3012652607600004,
+               0.5983574842977588,
+               0.2972378077086172,
+               0.2999191115069847,
+               0.7431931987316034,
+               0.0481428359783534,
+               0.9028949951919872},
+              {0.8522638743911815,
+               0.6678046832264065,
+               0.5932215701073843,
+               0.8923024981396522,
+               0.1853301795287144,
+               0.0789691621908286,
+               0.2395101699095381},
+              {0.7945782787001903,
+               0.0346702667264833,
+               0.5828068350834896,
+               0.9954375161913099,
+               0.8556960938375394,
+               0.5214456890435895,
+               0.0636409092866423},
+              {0.8313735143857098,
+               0.5989785081772105,
+               0.1149329970595668,
+               0.0938572848233562,
+               0.9096268194365924,
+               0.6692002629380784,
+               0.8292867993167555},
+              {0.8789789002822673,
+               0.5717723520483222,
+               0.5174463517550413,
+               0.4304274103209902,
+               0.3169465877911193,
+               0.4345959608587118,
+               0.7738796557301564},
+              {0.6019234310151316,
+               0.8925232899548461,
+               0.4433800143791877,
+               0.607089578718754,
+               0.6313075530919887,
+               0.5916971623063255,
+               0.7026337730855163}},
+
+             {{0.2374334683748063,
+               0.5123637775457907,
+               0.1042248028083477,
+               0.3845113276448126,
+               0.4876670686212644,
+               0.6522242595454725,
+               0.9505310525862035},
+              {0.6006510665483559,
+               0.7435939161765598,
+               0.5062660594952028,
+               0.6341040313763313,
+               0.0709322161337734,
+               0.254391580841847,
+               0.3618530932051387},
+              {0.4724933550065136,
+               0.0456487455023837,
+               0.1400240975533177,
+               0.2768143077913058,
+               0.9715326909010507,
+               0.3313470071030508,
+               0.4820410581120825},
+              {0.1960977127383929,
+               0.6107800710757683,
+               0.2806832155159743,
+               0.2069925784384268,
+               0.5165726284459791,
+               0.0055057991604208,
+               0.0076640326492253},
+              {0.2190688091018578,
+               0.0367213625008211,
+               0.1080257541306914,
+               0.3388606493387516,
+               0.8025856795798129,
+               0.5720486433693008,
+               0.5126677259564164},
+              {0.2934888232081216,
+               0.9317537194328164,
+               0.3970150412371917,
+               0.0870927667957715,
+               0.6170665161178013,
+               0.1138383934766014,
+               0.3452231428016921}}},
+
+
+            {{{0.5074119387178089,
+               0.8742225246851758,
+               0.4935465803401187,
+               0.7022587660316643,
+               0.9928168389990704,
+               0.1314891198979816,
+               0.2747315255195195},
+              {0.3945760755976464,
+               0.4218281785388314,
+               0.4110210752655458,
+               0.9076110025565549,
+               0.7140326444668564,
+               0.6079052140907037,
+               0.3093727178627821},
+              {0.8237903842212947,
+               0.9550605114849889,
+               0.8211982825502265,
+               0.0015651051914729,
+               0.636401370183407,
+               0.0511353814421007,
+               0.2576072203337219},
+              {0.0595247003477717,
+               0.6037954529493877,
+               0.6865899134926068,
+               0.1144876380659051,
+               0.3838388830449795,
+               0.456236508955542,
+               0.3690530217609166},
+              {0.121025000485193,
+               0.4189477901874754,
+               0.7511780478084181,
+               0.0710076645332555,
+               0.0801800140819035,
+               0.3547712918359842,
+               0.941725711618925},
+              {0.668572646722914,
+               0.6786699566725648,
+               0.361919990837865,
+               0.5936607912085384,
+               0.0101311840277434,
+               0.6360960464095422,
+               0.9132869475762367}},
+
+             {{0.6125734683448192,
+               0.873698593466345,
+               0.7239730554660938,
+               0.1205584164036902,
+               0.9024533072858417,
+               0.0664438443557749,
+               0.5339674725477638},
+              {0.1421371237934577,
+               0.0117066107309041,
+               0.422034260127639,
+               0.2950407076541562,
+               0.486000493797603,
+               0.5771998867345508,
+               0.0437390723089474},
+              {0.1230032951237456,
+               0.5586423964504253,
+               0.3431673531726582,
+               0.729173487549448,
+               0.6522916485919397,
+               0.8456043629899068,
+               0.6924928266692253},
+              {0.4299310773901481,
+               0.6729666223944324,
+               0.2753811742554185,
+               0.3063134987782127,
+               0.7889851599207933,
+               0.4464195164015822,
+               0.7983803405183525},
+              {0.8224223736682784,
+               0.8575623376612838,
+               0.9166352358412073,
+               0.4309852205132962,
+               0.3188668183211388,
+               0.5821987465941139,
+               0.3711724234376276},
+              {0.601074166800233,
+               0.7055858626438246,
+               0.6884050184921369,
+               0.3745528870201214,
+               0.1668602016987528,
+               0.4305293384622075,
+               0.1425941440819087}},
+
+             {{0.8900970351838083,
+               0.3458774607378574,
+               0.1544597472233238,
+               0.0254477599057509,
+               0.6458223862864843,
+               0.6369023174547432,
+               0.3406041665812917},
+              {0.071711888847651,
+               0.409628894895232,
+               0.3112174950633936,
+               0.6771206397350094,
+               0.6057792494526903,
+               0.36459372819754,
+               0.2178925542549901},
+              {0.9880359661555919,
+               0.4540016211961149,
+               0.688274235780237,
+               0.1405529675783608,
+               0.4855896996593978,
+               0.0275367198694655,
+               0.50545511791045},
+              {0.9640174071177023,
+               0.3842067129858002,
+               0.0389960125749116,
+               0.0309557909193435,
+               0.3879867599468695,
+               0.160024936463194,
+               0.0233520963281859},
+              {0.7562136139501768,
+               0.4585230088818907,
+               0.2892447719726545,
+               0.9000831830164807,
+               0.1161389602005256,
+               0.9559188289553192,
+               0.3139667173773528},
+              {0.8884036723086812,
+               0.6029428764794615,
+               0.8267073597414875,
+               0.9840131632104643,
+               0.2884054378187457,
+               0.961135485407593,
+               0.3894818949024204}},
+
+             {{0.3855119047369223,
+               0.3403871042545057,
+               0.5414076073475852,
+               0.1541450431784871,
+               0.5537114853580112,
+               0.541704812410004,
+               0.76190181260487},
+              {0.8336499619375856,
+               0.440441350312424,
+               0.3023332493514937,
+               0.2593348973170945,
+               0.1946238367048719,
+               0.0576475821990249,
+               0.3424479788347133},
+              {0.2702476921307833,
+               0.9664173858664074,
+               0.5577088262500439,
+               0.3472770390305076,
+               0.580467600993696,
+               0.1391967013456955,
+               0.4440437492022029},
+              {0.6262343214210638,
+               0.4888978317924514,
+               0.4017788006543243,
+               0.9938483888996982,
+               0.880314762148927,
+               0.6234059581594401,
+               0.5693773611822828},
+              {0.620660479824584,
+               0.2013121078224333,
+               0.3951377432643186,
+               0.0394595328908993,
+               0.4755460374868267,
+               0.5430245839576632,
+               0.2277497361032096},
+              {0.9640288471655137,
+               0.909454610937242,
+               0.7221432354559059,
+               0.5333866287653626,
+               0.869969159647685,
+               0.1306523438234629,
+               0.790509794274885}},
+
+             {{0.1248208139668483,
+               0.7942106625494054,
+               0.275767568251357,
+               0.8770905810181889,
+               0.9440420938253978,
+               0.1487959694051156,
+               0.4626756050653935},
+              {0.9809873781626851,
+               0.4834074359731466,
+               0.8635475225145451,
+               0.5887315221313199,
+               0.3753299079196019,
+               0.2857835555258702,
+               0.2032230910860873},
+              {0.7617981913776972,
+               0.3865405068230279,
+               0.5112754622007512,
+               0.4923254800011819,
+               0.5772790292331312,
+               0.8655771456245522,
+               0.9807393435834294},
+              {0.4075842085738169,
+               0.8275189221063031,
+               0.7645277946547177,
+               0.5735289514555733,
+               0.9560471436119331,
+               0.2004745155284028,
+               0.1092642103096214},
+              {0.8539619669554221,
+               0.4391498166337483,
+               0.8469688542070605,
+               0.8930902051954149,
+               0.0624575936190714,
+               0.8834647629860607,
+               0.4483190553694222},
+              {0.5104324890042322,
+               0.6265925110932102,
+               0.9263826067300868,
+               0.019116094429764,
+               0.4768434683178171,
+               0.6877220424305607,
+               0.7227069576982285}}}};
 
         // py_vr_all
         double py_vr_all = 0.08257307738009954;
@@ -1223,53 +2692,116 @@ namespace xt
         // py_st_all
         double py_st_all = 0.2873553155591515;
         // py_vr
-        xarray<double> py_vr = {{0.0852068309126688,0.0847144350000448,0.0665795115515863,
-                                 0.1044879757008207,0.0994283910451301,0.0627262352216086,
-                                 0.0985537283997266},
-                                {0.0638931201038309,0.0764149454368496,0.0713175183081865,
-                                 0.066508578076682 ,0.0720721452105284,0.0824901481262121,
-                                 0.0641277495703859},
-                                {0.1077493245420096,0.0699334071648802,0.1007397644226236,
-                                 0.1116186015428858,0.0541115754698437,0.0901322000940208,
-                                 0.0664647998988194},
-                                {0.087982633168223 ,0.0778706200930632,0.0610545739371242,
-                                 0.1024460567243694,0.0536455858542131,0.0504355367736437,
-                                 0.0773686386350671},
-                                {0.072189495809687 ,0.0720540674148998,0.0922003312160627,
-                                 0.0762240153024691,0.0845913536241975,0.0819087439628765,
-                                 0.0894375580083343}};
+        xarray<double> py_vr = {
+            {0.0852068309126688,
+             0.0847144350000448,
+             0.0665795115515863,
+             0.1044879757008207,
+             0.0994283910451301,
+             0.0627262352216086,
+             0.0985537283997266},
+            {0.0638931201038309,
+             0.0764149454368496,
+             0.0713175183081865,
+             0.066508578076682,
+             0.0720721452105284,
+             0.0824901481262121,
+             0.0641277495703859},
+            {0.1077493245420096,
+             0.0699334071648802,
+             0.1007397644226236,
+             0.1116186015428858,
+             0.0541115754698437,
+             0.0901322000940208,
+             0.0664647998988194},
+            {0.087982633168223,
+             0.0778706200930632,
+             0.0610545739371242,
+             0.1024460567243694,
+             0.0536455858542131,
+             0.0504355367736437,
+             0.0773686386350671},
+            {0.072189495809687,
+             0.0720540674148998,
+             0.0922003312160627,
+             0.0762240153024691,
+             0.0845913536241975,
+             0.0819087439628765,
+             0.0894375580083343}};
         // py_vr_ddof
-        xarray<double> py_vr_ddof = {{0.0889114757349588,0.0883976713043945,0.0694742729233944,
-                                      0.1090309311660738,0.1037513645688315,0.0654534628399395,
-                                      0.1028386731127582},
-                                     {0.0666710818474757,0.0797373343688865,0.0744182799737598,
-                                      0.0694002553843638,0.0752057167414209,0.0860766763056127,
-                                      0.0669159125951853},
-                                     {0.1124340777829665,0.0729739900850924,0.1051197541801289,
-                                      0.1164715842186635,0.0564642526641848,0.0940509914024565,
-                                      0.0693545738074637},
-                                     {0.0918079650451022,0.0812562992275442,0.0637091206300426,
-                                      0.1069002331036898,0.0559780026304832,0.0526283861985847,
-                                      0.0807324924887657},
-                                     {0.0753281695405429,0.0751868529546781,0.096209041268935 ,
-                                      0.0795381029243156,0.08826923856438  ,0.0854699937003928,
-                                      0.0933261474869576}};
+        xarray<double> py_vr_ddof = {
+            {0.0889114757349588,
+             0.0883976713043945,
+             0.0694742729233944,
+             0.1090309311660738,
+             0.1037513645688315,
+             0.0654534628399395,
+             0.1028386731127582},
+            {0.0666710818474757,
+             0.0797373343688865,
+             0.0744182799737598,
+             0.0694002553843638,
+             0.0752057167414209,
+             0.0860766763056127,
+             0.0669159125951853},
+            {0.1124340777829665,
+             0.0729739900850924,
+             0.1051197541801289,
+             0.1164715842186635,
+             0.0564642526641848,
+             0.0940509914024565,
+             0.0693545738074637},
+            {0.0918079650451022,
+             0.0812562992275442,
+             0.0637091206300426,
+             0.1069002331036898,
+             0.0559780026304832,
+             0.0526283861985847,
+             0.0807324924887657},
+            {0.0753281695405429,
+             0.0751868529546781,
+             0.096209041268935,
+             0.0795381029243156,
+             0.08826923856438,
+             0.0854699937003928,
+             0.0933261474869576}};
         // py_st
-        xarray<double> py_st = {{0.2919020913125989,0.2910574427841431,0.2580300593953858,
-                                 0.3232459987390728,0.3153226776575547,0.2504520617236133,
-                                 0.3139326813183467},
-                                {0.2527708846046769,0.2764325332460881,0.267053399731564 ,
-                                 0.2578925708055235,0.2684625583028821,0.287210981903917 ,
-                                 0.2532345742002578},
-                                {0.3282519223736695,0.2644492525322773,0.3173952810339555,
-                                 0.3340937017408228,0.2326189490773349,0.3002202526379938,
-                                 0.2578076800617456},
-                                {0.2966186662504957,0.2790530775552622,0.2470922377111919,
-                                 0.3200719555418272,0.231615167582378 ,0.2245785759453552,
-                                 0.2781521861051376},
-                                {0.2686810298656885,0.2684288870723489,0.303645074414295 ,
-                                 0.2760869705409314,0.2908459276390122,0.2861970369568428,
-                                 0.2990611275447452}};
+        xarray<double> py_st = {
+            {0.2919020913125989,
+             0.2910574427841431,
+             0.2580300593953858,
+             0.3232459987390728,
+             0.3153226776575547,
+             0.2504520617236133,
+             0.3139326813183467},
+            {0.2527708846046769,
+             0.2764325332460881,
+             0.267053399731564,
+             0.2578925708055235,
+             0.2684625583028821,
+             0.287210981903917,
+             0.2532345742002578},
+            {0.3282519223736695,
+             0.2644492525322773,
+             0.3173952810339555,
+             0.3340937017408228,
+             0.2326189490773349,
+             0.3002202526379938,
+             0.2578076800617456},
+            {0.2966186662504957,
+             0.2790530775552622,
+             0.2470922377111919,
+             0.3200719555418272,
+             0.231615167582378,
+             0.2245785759453552,
+             0.2781521861051376},
+            {0.2686810298656885,
+             0.2684288870723489,
+             0.303645074414295,
+             0.2760869705409314,
+             0.2908459276390122,
+             0.2861970369568428,
+             0.2990611275447452}};
 
         auto st_all = xt::stddev(py_a);
         auto vr_all = xt::variance(py_a);
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index f08bbcddd..fd75604a4 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 // This file is generated from test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy by preprocess.py!
 // Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-
 #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xsort.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -67,30 +67,30 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, partition)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = {102,435,860,270,106, 71,700, 20,614,121,466,214,330,458, 87,372, 99,871,
-                             663,130};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {
+            102, 435, 860, 270, 106, 71, 700, 20, 614, 121, 466, 214, 330, 458, 87, 372, 99, 871, 663, 130};
 
         // py_p5 = np.partition(a, 5)
-        xarray<long> py_p5 = { 20, 71, 87, 99,102,106,121,700,614,435,466,214,330,458,270,372,860,871,
-                              663,130};
+        xarray<long> py_p5 = {
+            20, 71, 87, 99, 102, 106, 121, 700, 614, 435, 466, 214, 330, 458, 270, 372, 860, 871, 663, 130};
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, 0)
-        xarray<long> py_p0 = { 20,435,860,270,106, 71,700,102,614,121,466,214,330,458, 87,372, 99,871,
-                              663,130};
+        xarray<long> py_p0 = {
+            20, 435, 860, 270, 106, 71, 700, 102, 614, 121, 466, 214, 330, 458, 87, 372, 99, 871, 663, 130};
         // py_p13 = np.partition(a, 13)
-        xarray<long> py_p13 = { 20,102, 99, 87,106, 71,121,270,130,435,372,214,330,458,614,466,860,871,
-                               663,700};
+        xarray<long> py_p13 = {
+            20, 102, 99, 87, 106, 71, 121, 270, 130, 435, 372, 214, 330, 458, 614, 466, 860, 871, 663, 700};
         // py_p19 = np.partition(a, 19)
-        xarray<long> py_p19 = { 20,102, 99, 87,106, 71,121,270,130,435,372,214,330,458,663,614,466,700,
-                               860,871};
+        xarray<long> py_p19 = {
+            20, 102, 99, 87, 106, 71, 121, 270, 130, 435, 372, 214, 330, 458, 663, 614, 466, 700, 860, 871};
 
         // py_a5 = np.argpartition(a, 5)
-        xarray<long> py_a5 = { 7, 5,14,16, 0, 4, 9, 6, 8, 1,10,11,12,13, 3,15, 2,17,18,19};
+        xarray<long> py_a5 = {7, 5, 14, 16, 0, 4, 9, 6, 8, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 3, 15, 2, 17, 18, 19};
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, 0)
-        xarray<long> py_a0 = { 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 8, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19};
+        xarray<long> py_a0 = {7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19};
         // py_a13 = np.argpartition(a, 13)
-        xarray<long> py_a13 = { 7, 0,16,14, 4, 5, 9, 3,19, 1,15,11,12,13, 8,10, 2,17,18, 6};
+        xarray<long> py_a13 = {7, 0, 16, 14, 4, 5, 9, 3, 19, 1, 15, 11, 12, 13, 8, 10, 2, 17, 18, 6};
         // py_a19 = np.argpartition(a, 19)
-        xarray<long> py_a19 = { 7, 0,16,14, 4, 5, 9, 3,19, 1,15,11,12,13,18, 8,10, 6, 2,17};
+        xarray<long> py_a19 = {7, 0, 16, 14, 4, 5, 9, 3, 19, 1, 15, 11, 12, 13, 18, 8, 10, 6, 2, 17};
 
         auto part_a0 = xt::partition(py_a, 0);
 
@@ -116,12 +116,12 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, multi_partition)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = { 1,11, 5, 1, 0,11,11,16, 9,15,14,14,18,11,19, 2, 4,18, 6, 8};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {1, 11, 5, 1, 0, 11, 11, 16, 9, 15, 14, 14, 18, 11, 19, 2, 4, 18, 6, 8};
 
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, (4, 5, 6))
-        xarray<long> py_p0 = { 1, 1, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,11,14,14,18,11,19,16,11,18,11,15};
+        xarray<long> py_p0 = {1, 1, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 14, 18, 11, 19, 16, 11, 18, 11, 15};
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, (2, 7, 12))
-        xarray<long> py_p1 = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,11,11,11,11,15,19,16,14,18,18,14};
+        xarray<long> py_p1 = {0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 11, 11, 11, 15, 19, 16, 14, 18, 18, 14};
 
         auto part_p0 = xt::partition(py_a, {4, 5, 6});
         auto part_p1 = xt::partition(py_a, {2, 7, 12});
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(part_p1(12), py_p1(12));
 
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, (4, 5, 6))
-        xarray<long> py_a0 = { 0, 3, 4,15,16, 2,18,19, 8, 1,10,11,12,13,14, 7, 6,17, 5, 9};
+        xarray<long> py_a0 = {0, 3, 4, 15, 16, 2, 18, 19, 8, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 7, 6, 17, 5, 9};
         // py_a1 = np.argpartition(a, (2, 7, 12))
-        xarray<long> py_a1 = { 4, 3, 0,15,16, 2,18,19, 8,13, 1, 6, 5, 9,14, 7,10,17,12,11};
+        xarray<long> py_a1 = {4, 3, 0, 15, 16, 2, 18, 19, 8, 13, 1, 6, 5, 9, 14, 7, 10, 17, 12, 11};
 
         auto part_a0 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {4, 5, 6});
         auto part_a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {2, 7, 12});
@@ -157,96 +157,60 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, axis_median)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<double> py_a = {{{0.0650515929852795,0.9488855372533332,0.9656320330745594,
-                                 0.8083973481164611,0.3046137691733707},
-                                {0.0976721140063839,0.6842330265121569,0.4401524937396013,
-                                 0.1220382348447788,0.4951769101112702},
-                                {0.0343885211152184,0.9093204020787821,0.2587799816000169,
-                                 0.662522284353982 ,0.311711076089411 },
-                                {0.5200680211778108,0.5467102793432796,0.184854455525527 ,
-                                 0.9695846277645586,0.7751328233611146},
-                                {0.9394989415641891,0.8948273504276488,0.5978999788110851,
-                                 0.9218742350231168,0.0884925020519195}},
-
-                               {{0.1959828624191452,0.0452272889105381,0.3253303307632643,
-                                 0.388677289689482 ,0.2713490317738959},
-                                {0.8287375091519293,0.3567533266935893,0.2809345096873808,
-                                 0.5426960831582485,0.1409242249747626},
-                                {0.8021969807540397,0.0745506436797708,0.9868869366005173,
-                                 0.7722447692966574,0.1987156815341724},
-                                {0.0055221171236024,0.8154614284548342,0.7068573438476171,
-                                 0.7290071680409873,0.7712703466859457},
-                                {0.0740446517340904,0.3584657285442726,0.1158690595251297,
-                                 0.8631034258755935,0.6232981268275579}},
-
-                               {{0.3308980248526492,0.0635583502860236,0.3109823217156622,
-                                 0.325183322026747 ,0.7296061783380641},
-                                {0.6375574713552131,0.8872127425763265,0.4722149251619493,
-                                 0.1195942459383017,0.713244787222995 },
-                                {0.7607850486168974,0.5612771975694962,0.770967179954561 ,
-                                 0.4937955963643907,0.5227328293819941},
-                                {0.4275410183585496,0.0254191267440952,0.1078914269933045,
-                                 0.0314291856867343,0.6364104112637804},
-                                {0.3143559810763267,0.5085706911647028,0.907566473926093 ,
-                                 0.2492922291488749,0.4103829230356297}},
-
-                               {{0.7555511385430487,0.2287981654916225,0.076979909828793 ,
-                                 0.289751452913768 ,0.1612212872540044},
-                                {0.9296976523425731,0.808120379564417 ,0.6334037565104235,
-                                 0.8714605901877177,0.8036720768991145},
-                                {0.1865700588860358,0.8925589984899778,0.5393422419156507,
-                                 0.8074401551640625,0.8960912999234932},
-                                {0.3180034749718639,0.1100519245276768,0.2279351625419417,
-                                 0.4271077886262563,0.8180147659224931},
-                                {0.8607305832563434,0.0069521305311907,0.5107473025775657,
-                                 0.417411003148779 ,0.2221078104707302}},
-
-                               {{0.1198653673336828,0.337615171403628 ,0.9429097039125192,
-                                 0.3232029320207552,0.5187906217433661},
-                                {0.7030189588951778,0.363629602379294 ,0.9717820827209607,
-                                 0.9624472949421112,0.2517822958253642},
-                                {0.4972485058923855,0.3008783098167697,0.2848404943774676,
-                                 0.0368869473545328,0.6095643339798968},
-                                {0.5026790232288615,0.0514787512499894,0.2786464642366114,
-                                 0.9082658859666537,0.2395618906669724},
-                                {0.1448948720912231,0.489452760277563 ,0.9856504541106007,
-                                 0.2420552715115004,0.6721355474058786}}};
+        xarray<double> py_a = {
+            {{0.0650515929852795, 0.9488855372533332, 0.9656320330745594, 0.8083973481164611, 0.3046137691733707},
+             {0.0976721140063839, 0.6842330265121569, 0.4401524937396013, 0.1220382348447788, 0.4951769101112702},
+             {0.0343885211152184, 0.9093204020787821, 0.2587799816000169, 0.662522284353982, 0.311711076089411},
+             {0.5200680211778108, 0.5467102793432796, 0.184854455525527, 0.9695846277645586, 0.7751328233611146},
+             {0.9394989415641891, 0.8948273504276488, 0.5978999788110851, 0.9218742350231168, 0.0884925020519195}},
+
+            {{0.1959828624191452, 0.0452272889105381, 0.3253303307632643, 0.388677289689482, 0.2713490317738959},
+             {0.8287375091519293, 0.3567533266935893, 0.2809345096873808, 0.5426960831582485, 0.1409242249747626},
+             {0.8021969807540397, 0.0745506436797708, 0.9868869366005173, 0.7722447692966574, 0.1987156815341724},
+             {0.0055221171236024, 0.8154614284548342, 0.7068573438476171, 0.7290071680409873, 0.7712703466859457},
+             {0.0740446517340904, 0.3584657285442726, 0.1158690595251297, 0.8631034258755935, 0.6232981268275579}},
+
+            {{0.3308980248526492, 0.0635583502860236, 0.3109823217156622, 0.325183322026747, 0.7296061783380641},
+             {0.6375574713552131, 0.8872127425763265, 0.4722149251619493, 0.1195942459383017, 0.713244787222995},
+             {0.7607850486168974, 0.5612771975694962, 0.770967179954561, 0.4937955963643907, 0.5227328293819941},
+             {0.4275410183585496, 0.0254191267440952, 0.1078914269933045, 0.0314291856867343, 0.6364104112637804},
+             {0.3143559810763267, 0.5085706911647028, 0.907566473926093, 0.2492922291488749, 0.4103829230356297}},
+
+            {{0.7555511385430487, 0.2287981654916225, 0.076979909828793, 0.289751452913768, 0.1612212872540044},
+             {0.9296976523425731, 0.808120379564417, 0.6334037565104235, 0.8714605901877177, 0.8036720768991145},
+             {0.1865700588860358, 0.8925589984899778, 0.5393422419156507, 0.8074401551640625, 0.8960912999234932},
+             {0.3180034749718639, 0.1100519245276768, 0.2279351625419417, 0.4271077886262563, 0.8180147659224931},
+             {0.8607305832563434, 0.0069521305311907, 0.5107473025775657, 0.417411003148779, 0.2221078104707302}},
+
+            {{0.1198653673336828, 0.337615171403628, 0.9429097039125192, 0.3232029320207552, 0.5187906217433661},
+             {0.7030189588951778, 0.363629602379294, 0.9717820827209607, 0.9624472949421112, 0.2517822958253642},
+             {0.4972485058923855, 0.3008783098167697, 0.2848404943774676, 0.0368869473545328, 0.6095643339798968},
+             {0.5026790232288615, 0.0514787512499894, 0.2786464642366114, 0.9082658859666537, 0.2395618906669724},
+             {0.1448948720912231, 0.489452760277563, 0.9856504541106007, 0.2420552715115004, 0.6721355474058786}}};
         // py_m = np.median(a)
         double py_m = 0.489452760277563;
 
         // py_m0 = np.median(a, 0)
-        xarray<double> py_m0 = {{0.1959828624191452,0.2287981654916225,0.3253303307632643,
-                                 0.325183322026747 ,0.3046137691733707},
-                                {0.7030189588951778,0.6842330265121569,0.4722149251619493,
-                                 0.5426960831582485,0.4951769101112702},
-                                {0.4972485058923855,0.5612771975694962,0.5393422419156507,
-                                 0.662522284353982 ,0.5227328293819941},
-                                {0.4275410183585496,0.1100519245276768,0.2279351625419417,
-                                 0.7290071680409873,0.7712703466859457},
-                                {0.3143559810763267,0.489452760277563 ,0.5978999788110851,
-                                 0.417411003148779 ,0.4103829230356297}};
+        xarray<double> py_m0 = {
+            {0.1959828624191452, 0.2287981654916225, 0.3253303307632643, 0.325183322026747, 0.3046137691733707},
+            {0.7030189588951778, 0.6842330265121569, 0.4722149251619493, 0.5426960831582485, 0.4951769101112702},
+            {0.4972485058923855, 0.5612771975694962, 0.5393422419156507, 0.662522284353982, 0.5227328293819941},
+            {0.4275410183585496, 0.1100519245276768, 0.2279351625419417, 0.7290071680409873, 0.7712703466859457},
+            {0.3143559810763267, 0.489452760277563, 0.5978999788110851, 0.417411003148779, 0.4103829230356297}};
         // py_m1 = np.median(a, 1)
-        xarray<double> py_m1 = {{0.0976721140063839,0.8948273504276488,0.4401524937396013,
-                                 0.8083973481164611,0.311711076089411 },
-                                {0.1959828624191452,0.3567533266935893,0.3253303307632643,
-                                 0.7290071680409873,0.2713490317738959},
-                                {0.4275410183585496,0.5085706911647028,0.4722149251619493,
-                                 0.2492922291488749,0.6364104112637804},
-                                {0.7555511385430487,0.2287981654916225,0.5107473025775657,
-                                 0.4271077886262563,0.8036720768991145},
-                                {0.4972485058923855,0.337615171403628 ,0.9429097039125192,
-                                 0.3232029320207552,0.5187906217433661}};
+        xarray<double> py_m1 = {
+            {0.0976721140063839, 0.8948273504276488, 0.4401524937396013, 0.8083973481164611, 0.311711076089411},
+            {0.1959828624191452, 0.3567533266935893, 0.3253303307632643, 0.7290071680409873, 0.2713490317738959},
+            {0.4275410183585496, 0.5085706911647028, 0.4722149251619493, 0.2492922291488749, 0.6364104112637804},
+            {0.7555511385430487, 0.2287981654916225, 0.5107473025775657, 0.4271077886262563, 0.8036720768991145},
+            {0.4972485058923855, 0.337615171403628, 0.9429097039125192, 0.3232029320207552, 0.5187906217433661}};
         // py_m2 = np.median(a, 2)
-        xarray<double> py_m2 = {{0.8083973481164611,0.4401524937396013,0.311711076089411 ,
-                                 0.5467102793432796,0.8948273504276488},
-                                {0.2713490317738959,0.3567533266935893,0.7722447692966574,
-                                 0.7290071680409873,0.3584657285442726},
-                                {0.325183322026747 ,0.6375574713552131,0.5612771975694962,
-                                 0.1078914269933045,0.4103829230356297},
-                                {0.2287981654916225,0.808120379564417 ,0.8074401551640625,
-                                 0.3180034749718639,0.417411003148779 },
-                                {0.337615171403628 ,0.7030189588951778,0.3008783098167697,
-                                 0.2786464642366114,0.489452760277563 }};
+        xarray<double> py_m2 = {
+            {0.8083973481164611, 0.4401524937396013, 0.311711076089411, 0.5467102793432796, 0.8948273504276488},
+            {0.2713490317738959, 0.3567533266935893, 0.7722447692966574, 0.7290071680409873, 0.3584657285442726},
+            {0.325183322026747, 0.6375574713552131, 0.5612771975694962, 0.1078914269933045, 0.4103829230356297},
+            {0.2287981654916225, 0.808120379564417, 0.8074401551640625, 0.3180034749718639, 0.417411003148779},
+            {0.337615171403628, 0.7030189588951778, 0.3008783098167697, 0.2786464642366114, 0.489452760277563}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(py_m, xt::median(py_a));
         EXPECT_EQ(py_m0, xt::median(py_a, 0));
@@ -260,126 +224,126 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, axis_partition)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = {{{ 46, 73,109, 61, 71},
-                              { 33, 82,  9, 86, 90},
-                              { 29, 14,114, 83, 50},
-                              {  4, 65, 44, 27, 12},
-                              { 63,  5, 57, 25, 84}},
-
-                             {{ 21, 94, 26, 75, 43},
-                              { 77,121,124, 99,106},
-                              {123, 20, 13, 42,  3},
-                              { 64,102, 40, 80, 62},
-                              { 78, 60, 45, 17, 28}},
-
-                             {{ 52, 54, 24,107, 34},
-                              { 67, 91,120,101,  7},
-                              { 48, 87, 93, 98,105},
-                              { 53,119,110,104, 76},
-                              {116,  8, 31, 36,118}},
-
-                             {{ 11, 47, 88,  1, 59},
-                              {112,  6, 41, 30, 22},
-                              { 49, 56,113,  0, 81},
-                              { 38, 39, 32, 51, 70},
-                              { 95,103,100, 66, 89}},
-
-                             {{ 18, 35,108, 19,  2},
-                              { 92, 79,117, 58, 72},
-                              { 96, 15,111, 10, 85},
-                              { 69, 97,115, 68, 23},
-                              { 37, 16,122, 55, 74}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {
+            {{46, 73, 109, 61, 71},
+             {33, 82, 9, 86, 90},
+             {29, 14, 114, 83, 50},
+             {4, 65, 44, 27, 12},
+             {63, 5, 57, 25, 84}},
+
+            {{21, 94, 26, 75, 43},
+             {77, 121, 124, 99, 106},
+             {123, 20, 13, 42, 3},
+             {64, 102, 40, 80, 62},
+             {78, 60, 45, 17, 28}},
+
+            {{52, 54, 24, 107, 34},
+             {67, 91, 120, 101, 7},
+             {48, 87, 93, 98, 105},
+             {53, 119, 110, 104, 76},
+             {116, 8, 31, 36, 118}},
+
+            {{11, 47, 88, 1, 59},
+             {112, 6, 41, 30, 22},
+             {49, 56, 113, 0, 81},
+             {38, 39, 32, 51, 70},
+             {95, 103, 100, 66, 89}},
+
+            {{18, 35, 108, 19, 2},
+             {92, 79, 117, 58, 72},
+             {96, 15, 111, 10, 85},
+             {69, 97, 115, 68, 23},
+             {37, 16, 122, 55, 74}}};
 
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, 2, 0)
-        xarray<long> py_p0 = {{{ 11, 35, 24,  1,  2},
-                               { 33,  6,  9, 30,  7},
-                               { 29, 14, 13,  0,  3},
-                               {  4, 39, 32, 27, 12},
-                               { 37,  5, 31, 17, 28}},
-
-                              {{ 18, 47, 26, 19, 34},
-                               { 67, 79, 41, 58, 22},
-                               { 48, 15, 93, 10, 50},
-                               { 38, 65, 40, 51, 23},
-                               { 63,  8, 45, 25, 74}},
-
-                              {{ 21, 54, 88, 61, 43},
-                               { 77, 82,117, 86, 72},
-                               { 49, 20,111, 42, 81},
-                               { 53, 97, 44, 68, 62},
-                               { 78, 16, 57, 36, 84}},
-
-                              {{ 46, 94,109,107, 59},
-                               {112, 91,124,101,106},
-                               {123, 56,113, 83,105},
-                               { 64,102,110, 80, 70},
-                               { 95,103,100, 66, 89}},
-
-                              {{ 52, 73,108, 75, 71},
-                               { 92,121,120, 99, 90},
-                               { 96, 87,114, 98, 85},
-                               { 69,119,115,104, 76},
-                               {116, 60,122, 55,118}}};
+        xarray<long> py_p0 = {
+            {{11, 35, 24, 1, 2}, {33, 6, 9, 30, 7}, {29, 14, 13, 0, 3}, {4, 39, 32, 27, 12}, {37, 5, 31, 17, 28}},
+
+            {{18, 47, 26, 19, 34},
+             {67, 79, 41, 58, 22},
+             {48, 15, 93, 10, 50},
+             {38, 65, 40, 51, 23},
+             {63, 8, 45, 25, 74}},
+
+            {{21, 54, 88, 61, 43},
+             {77, 82, 117, 86, 72},
+             {49, 20, 111, 42, 81},
+             {53, 97, 44, 68, 62},
+             {78, 16, 57, 36, 84}},
+
+            {{46, 94, 109, 107, 59},
+             {112, 91, 124, 101, 106},
+             {123, 56, 113, 83, 105},
+             {64, 102, 110, 80, 70},
+             {95, 103, 100, 66, 89}},
+
+            {{52, 73, 108, 75, 71},
+             {92, 121, 120, 99, 90},
+             {96, 87, 114, 98, 85},
+             {69, 119, 115, 104, 76},
+             {116, 60, 122, 55, 118}}};
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, 4, 1)
-        xarray<long> py_p1 = {{{  4,  5, 44, 27, 12},
-                               { 29, 14, 57, 25, 50},
-                               { 33, 65,  9, 61, 71},
-                               { 46, 73,109, 83, 84},
-                               { 63, 82,114, 86, 90}},
-
-                              {{ 64, 20, 13, 17,  3},
-                               { 21, 60, 26, 42, 28},
-                               { 77, 94, 40, 75, 43},
-                               { 78,102, 45, 80, 62},
-                               {123,121,124, 99,106}},
-
-                              {{ 48,  8, 24, 36, 76},
-                               { 52, 54, 31, 98, 34},
-                               { 53, 87, 93,101,  7},
-                               { 67, 91,110,104,105},
-                               {116,119,120,107,118}},
-
-                              {{ 38, 39, 32,  0, 70},
-                               { 11, 47, 88,  1, 59},
-                               { 49,  6, 41, 30, 22},
-                               { 95, 56,100, 51, 81},
-                               {112,103,113, 66, 89}},
-
-                              {{ 18, 15,108, 10, 23},
-                               { 37, 16,111, 19,  2},
-                               { 69, 35,115, 55, 72},
-                               { 92, 79,117, 58, 74},
-                               { 96, 97,122, 68, 85}}};
+        xarray<long> py_p1 = {
+            {{4, 5, 44, 27, 12},
+             {29, 14, 57, 25, 50},
+             {33, 65, 9, 61, 71},
+             {46, 73, 109, 83, 84},
+             {63, 82, 114, 86, 90}},
+
+            {{64, 20, 13, 17, 3},
+             {21, 60, 26, 42, 28},
+             {77, 94, 40, 75, 43},
+             {78, 102, 45, 80, 62},
+             {123, 121, 124, 99, 106}},
+
+            {{48, 8, 24, 36, 76},
+             {52, 54, 31, 98, 34},
+             {53, 87, 93, 101, 7},
+             {67, 91, 110, 104, 105},
+             {116, 119, 120, 107, 118}},
+
+            {{38, 39, 32, 0, 70},
+             {11, 47, 88, 1, 59},
+             {49, 6, 41, 30, 22},
+             {95, 56, 100, 51, 81},
+             {112, 103, 113, 66, 89}},
+
+            {{18, 15, 108, 10, 23},
+             {37, 16, 111, 19, 2},
+             {69, 35, 115, 55, 72},
+             {92, 79, 117, 58, 74},
+             {96, 97, 122, 68, 85}}};
         // py_p2 = np.partition(a, 3, 2)
-        xarray<long> py_p2 = {{{ 61, 46, 71, 73,109},
-                               {  9, 33, 82, 86, 90},
-                               { 14, 29, 50, 83,114},
-                               {  4, 12, 27, 44, 65},
-                               { 25, 57,  5, 63, 84}},
-
-                              {{ 21, 26, 43, 75, 94},
-                               { 99, 77,106,121,124},
-                               {  3, 13, 20, 42,123},
-                               { 40, 62, 64, 80,102},
-                               { 17, 28, 45, 60, 78}},
-
-                              {{ 24, 34, 52, 54,107},
-                               {  7, 67, 91,101,120},
-                               { 87, 48, 93, 98,105},
-                               { 53, 76,104,110,119},
-                               { 36, 31,  8,116,118}},
-
-                              {{  1, 11, 47, 59, 88},
-                               { 30, 22,  6, 41,112},
-                               {  0, 49, 56, 81,113},
-                               { 32, 38, 39, 51, 70},
-                               { 66, 89, 95,100,103}},
-
-                              {{  2, 18, 19, 35,108},
-                               { 58, 72, 79, 92,117},
-                               { 10, 85, 15, 96,111},
-                               { 68, 23, 69, 97,115},
-                               { 55, 37, 16, 74,122}}};
+        xarray<long> py_p2 = {
+            {{61, 46, 71, 73, 109},
+             {9, 33, 82, 86, 90},
+             {14, 29, 50, 83, 114},
+             {4, 12, 27, 44, 65},
+             {25, 57, 5, 63, 84}},
+
+            {{21, 26, 43, 75, 94},
+             {99, 77, 106, 121, 124},
+             {3, 13, 20, 42, 123},
+             {40, 62, 64, 80, 102},
+             {17, 28, 45, 60, 78}},
+
+            {{24, 34, 52, 54, 107},
+             {7, 67, 91, 101, 120},
+             {87, 48, 93, 98, 105},
+             {53, 76, 104, 110, 119},
+             {36, 31, 8, 116, 118}},
+
+            {{1, 11, 47, 59, 88},
+             {30, 22, 6, 41, 112},
+             {0, 49, 56, 81, 113},
+             {32, 38, 39, 51, 70},
+             {66, 89, 95, 100, 103}},
+
+            {{2, 18, 19, 35, 108},
+             {58, 72, 79, 92, 117},
+             {10, 85, 15, 96, 111},
+             {68, 23, 69, 97, 115},
+             {55, 37, 16, 74, 122}}};
 
         auto p0 = xt::partition(py_a, 2, 0);
         auto p1 = xt::partition(py_a, 4, 1);
@@ -390,95 +354,38 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_p2, all(), all(), 3), xt::view(p2, all(), all(), 3));
 
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, 2, 0)
-        xarray<long> py_a0 = {{{3,4,2,3,4},
-                               {0,3,0,3,2},
-                               {0,0,1,3,1},
-                               {0,3,3,0,0},
-                               {4,0,2,1,1}},
-
-                              {{4,3,1,4,2},
-                               {2,4,3,4,3},
-                               {2,4,2,4,0},
-                               {3,0,1,3,4},
-                               {0,2,1,0,4}},
-
-                              {{1,2,3,0,1},
-                               {1,0,4,0,4},
-                               {3,1,4,1,3},
-                               {2,4,0,4,1},
-                               {1,4,0,2,0}},
-
-                              {{0,1,0,2,3},
-                               {3,2,1,2,1},
-                               {1,3,3,0,2},
-                               {1,1,2,1,3},
-                               {3,3,3,3,3}},
-
-                              {{2,0,4,1,0},
-                               {4,1,2,1,0},
-                               {4,2,0,2,4},
-                               {4,2,4,2,2},
-                               {2,1,4,4,2}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a0 = {
+            {{3, 4, 2, 3, 4}, {0, 3, 0, 3, 2}, {0, 0, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 3, 3, 0, 0}, {4, 0, 2, 1, 1}},
+
+            {{4, 3, 1, 4, 2}, {2, 4, 3, 4, 3}, {2, 4, 2, 4, 0}, {3, 0, 1, 3, 4}, {0, 2, 1, 0, 4}},
+
+            {{1, 2, 3, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 4, 0, 4}, {3, 1, 4, 1, 3}, {2, 4, 0, 4, 1}, {1, 4, 0, 2, 0}},
+
+            {{0, 1, 0, 2, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 2, 1}, {1, 3, 3, 0, 2}, {1, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 3, 3}},
+
+            {{2, 0, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 1, 2, 1, 0}, {4, 2, 0, 2, 4}, {4, 2, 4, 2, 2}, {2, 1, 4, 4, 2}}};
         // py_a1 = np.argpartition(a, 4, 1)
-        xarray<long> py_a1 = {{{3,4,3,3,3},
-                               {2,2,4,4,2},
-                               {1,3,1,0,0},
-                               {0,0,0,2,4},
-                               {4,1,2,1,1}},
-
-                              {{3,2,2,4,2},
-                               {0,4,0,2,4},
-                               {1,0,3,0,0},
-                               {4,3,4,3,3},
-                               {2,1,1,1,1}},
-
-                              {{2,4,0,4,3},
-                               {0,0,4,2,0},
-                               {3,2,2,1,1},
-                               {1,1,3,3,2},
-                               {4,3,1,0,4}},
-
-                              {{3,3,3,2,3},
-                               {0,0,0,0,0},
-                               {2,1,1,1,1},
-                               {4,2,4,3,2},
-                               {1,4,2,4,4}},
-
-                              {{0,2,0,2,3},
-                               {4,4,2,0,0},
-                               {3,0,3,4,1},
-                               {1,1,1,1,4},
-                               {2,3,4,3,2}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a1 = {
+            {{3, 4, 3, 3, 3}, {2, 2, 4, 4, 2}, {1, 3, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 2, 4}, {4, 1, 2, 1, 1}},
+
+            {{3, 2, 2, 4, 2}, {0, 4, 0, 2, 4}, {1, 0, 3, 0, 0}, {4, 3, 4, 3, 3}, {2, 1, 1, 1, 1}},
+
+            {{2, 4, 0, 4, 3}, {0, 0, 4, 2, 0}, {3, 2, 2, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 3, 2}, {4, 3, 1, 0, 4}},
+
+            {{3, 3, 3, 2, 3}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {2, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {4, 2, 4, 3, 2}, {1, 4, 2, 4, 4}},
+
+            {{0, 2, 0, 2, 3}, {4, 4, 2, 0, 0}, {3, 0, 3, 4, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 4}, {2, 3, 4, 3, 2}}};
         // py_a2 = np.argpartition(a, 3, 2)
-        xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{3,0,4,1,2},
-                               {2,0,1,3,4},
-                               {1,0,4,3,2},
-                               {0,4,3,2,1},
-                               {3,2,1,0,4}},
-
-                              {{0,2,4,3,1},
-                               {3,0,4,1,2},
-                               {4,2,1,3,0},
-                               {2,4,0,3,1},
-                               {3,4,2,1,0}},
-
-                              {{2,4,0,1,3},
-                               {4,0,1,3,2},
-                               {1,0,2,3,4},
-                               {0,4,3,2,1},
-                               {3,2,1,0,4}},
-
-                              {{3,0,1,4,2},
-                               {3,4,1,2,0},
-                               {3,0,1,4,2},
-                               {2,0,1,3,4},
-                               {3,4,0,2,1}},
-
-                              {{4,0,3,1,2},
-                               {3,4,1,0,2},
-                               {3,4,1,0,2},
-                               {3,4,0,1,2},
-                               {3,0,1,4,2}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a2 = {
+            {{3, 0, 4, 1, 2}, {2, 0, 1, 3, 4}, {1, 0, 4, 3, 2}, {0, 4, 3, 2, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}},
+
+            {{0, 2, 4, 3, 1}, {3, 0, 4, 1, 2}, {4, 2, 1, 3, 0}, {2, 4, 0, 3, 1}, {3, 4, 2, 1, 0}},
+
+            {{2, 4, 0, 1, 3}, {4, 0, 1, 3, 2}, {1, 0, 2, 3, 4}, {0, 4, 3, 2, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}},
+
+            {{3, 0, 1, 4, 2}, {3, 4, 1, 2, 0}, {3, 0, 1, 4, 2}, {2, 0, 1, 3, 4}, {3, 4, 0, 2, 1}},
+
+            {{4, 0, 3, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 1, 0, 2}, {3, 4, 1, 0, 2}, {3, 4, 0, 1, 2}, {3, 0, 1, 4, 2}}};
 
         auto a0 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 2, 0);
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 4, 1);
@@ -495,126 +402,126 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, multi_k_axis_partition)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = {{{ 55, 76, 33,103, 60},
-                              {  2, 10,  9,100, 67},
-                              { 75, 71, 40, 80,108},
-                              { 78, 37, 89, 54, 74},
-                              {  0, 90, 11,106, 73}},
-
-                             {{ 20, 28, 72, 30, 63},
-                              { 81, 27, 97, 88, 18},
-                              { 39, 77, 68, 34, 29},
-                              { 70,114,  3, 83,  4},
-                              {101, 43, 69, 87,119}},
-
-                             {{ 93,123,122, 82, 51},
-                              { 48, 58, 61, 99, 79},
-                              { 50, 21,109,117, 95},
-                              { 91, 14, 13, 15,  7},
-                              { 64, 19, 44, 35, 56}},
-
-                             {{  6,111, 12,110,102},
-                              { 49, 25, 41, 38, 47},
-                              { 42,  8,105, 16,  1},
-                              { 26, 65, 22, 85, 46},
-                              {107,118,115,120, 57}},
-
-                             {{ 53,113, 24, 17, 66},
-                              { 32, 86, 31, 84, 62},
-                              { 96, 59,121, 94, 52},
-                              {124,112, 92, 23, 36},
-                              {104, 98,  5,116, 45}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {
+            {{55, 76, 33, 103, 60},
+             {2, 10, 9, 100, 67},
+             {75, 71, 40, 80, 108},
+             {78, 37, 89, 54, 74},
+             {0, 90, 11, 106, 73}},
+
+            {{20, 28, 72, 30, 63},
+             {81, 27, 97, 88, 18},
+             {39, 77, 68, 34, 29},
+             {70, 114, 3, 83, 4},
+             {101, 43, 69, 87, 119}},
+
+            {{93, 123, 122, 82, 51},
+             {48, 58, 61, 99, 79},
+             {50, 21, 109, 117, 95},
+             {91, 14, 13, 15, 7},
+             {64, 19, 44, 35, 56}},
+
+            {{6, 111, 12, 110, 102},
+             {49, 25, 41, 38, 47},
+             {42, 8, 105, 16, 1},
+             {26, 65, 22, 85, 46},
+             {107, 118, 115, 120, 57}},
+
+            {{53, 113, 24, 17, 66},
+             {32, 86, 31, 84, 62},
+             {96, 59, 121, 94, 52},
+             {124, 112, 92, 23, 36},
+             {104, 98, 5, 116, 45}}};
 
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, (1, 2), 0)
-        xarray<long> py_p0 = {{{  6, 28, 12, 17, 51},
-                               {  2, 10,  9, 38, 18},
-                               { 39,  8, 40, 16,  1},
-                               { 26, 14,  3, 15,  4},
-                               {  0, 19,  5, 35, 45}},
-
-                              {{ 20, 76, 24, 30, 60},
-                               { 32, 25, 31, 84, 47},
-                               { 42, 21, 68, 34, 29},
-                               { 70, 37, 13, 23,  7},
-                               { 64, 43, 11, 87, 56}},
-
-                              {{ 53,111, 33, 82, 63},
-                               { 48, 27, 41, 88, 62},
-                               { 50, 59,105, 80, 52},
-                               { 78, 65, 22, 54, 36},
-                               {101, 90, 44,106, 57}},
-
-                              {{ 55,123,122,110,102},
-                               { 49, 58, 61,100, 67},
-                               { 75, 71,109,117,108},
-                               { 91,114, 89, 85, 46},
-                               {107,118,115,120,119}},
-
-                              {{ 93,113, 72,103, 66},
-                               { 81, 86, 97, 99, 79},
-                               { 96, 77,121, 94, 95},
-                               {124,112, 92, 83, 74},
-                               {104, 98, 69,116, 73}}};
+        xarray<long> py_p0 = {
+            {{6, 28, 12, 17, 51}, {2, 10, 9, 38, 18}, {39, 8, 40, 16, 1}, {26, 14, 3, 15, 4}, {0, 19, 5, 35, 45}},
+
+            {{20, 76, 24, 30, 60},
+             {32, 25, 31, 84, 47},
+             {42, 21, 68, 34, 29},
+             {70, 37, 13, 23, 7},
+             {64, 43, 11, 87, 56}},
+
+            {{53, 111, 33, 82, 63},
+             {48, 27, 41, 88, 62},
+             {50, 59, 105, 80, 52},
+             {78, 65, 22, 54, 36},
+             {101, 90, 44, 106, 57}},
+
+            {{55, 123, 122, 110, 102},
+             {49, 58, 61, 100, 67},
+             {75, 71, 109, 117, 108},
+             {91, 114, 89, 85, 46},
+             {107, 118, 115, 120, 119}},
+
+            {{93, 113, 72, 103, 66},
+             {81, 86, 97, 99, 79},
+             {96, 77, 121, 94, 95},
+             {124, 112, 92, 83, 74},
+             {104, 98, 69, 116, 73}}};
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, (1, 4), 1)
-        xarray<long> py_p1 = {{{  0, 10,  9, 54, 60},
-                               {  2, 37, 11, 80, 67},
-                               { 55, 71, 33,100, 73},
-                               { 75, 76, 40,103, 74},
-                               { 78, 90, 89,106,108}},
-
-                              {{ 20, 27,  3, 30,  4},
-                               { 39, 28, 68, 34, 18},
-                               { 70, 43, 69, 83, 29},
-                               { 81, 77, 72, 87, 63},
-                               {101,114, 97, 88,119}},
-
-                              {{ 48, 14, 13, 15,  7},
-                               { 50, 19, 44, 35, 51},
-                               { 64, 21, 61, 82, 56},
-                               { 91, 58,109, 99, 79},
-                               { 93,123,122,117, 95}},
-
-                              {{  6,  8, 12, 16,  1},
-                               { 26, 25, 22, 38, 46},
-                               { 42, 65, 41, 85, 47},
-                               { 49,111,105,110, 57},
-                               {107,118,115,120,102}},
-
-                              {{ 32, 59,  5, 17, 36},
-                               { 53, 86, 24, 23, 45},
-                               { 96, 98, 31, 84, 52},
-                               {104,112, 92, 94, 62},
-                               {124,113,121,116, 66}}};
+        xarray<long> py_p1 = {
+            {{0, 10, 9, 54, 60},
+             {2, 37, 11, 80, 67},
+             {55, 71, 33, 100, 73},
+             {75, 76, 40, 103, 74},
+             {78, 90, 89, 106, 108}},
+
+            {{20, 27, 3, 30, 4},
+             {39, 28, 68, 34, 18},
+             {70, 43, 69, 83, 29},
+             {81, 77, 72, 87, 63},
+             {101, 114, 97, 88, 119}},
+
+            {{48, 14, 13, 15, 7},
+             {50, 19, 44, 35, 51},
+             {64, 21, 61, 82, 56},
+             {91, 58, 109, 99, 79},
+             {93, 123, 122, 117, 95}},
+
+            {{6, 8, 12, 16, 1},
+             {26, 25, 22, 38, 46},
+             {42, 65, 41, 85, 47},
+             {49, 111, 105, 110, 57},
+             {107, 118, 115, 120, 102}},
+
+            {{32, 59, 5, 17, 36},
+             {53, 86, 24, 23, 45},
+             {96, 98, 31, 84, 52},
+             {104, 112, 92, 94, 62},
+             {124, 113, 121, 116, 66}}};
         // py_p2 = np.partition(a, (1, 3), 2)
-        xarray<long> py_p2 = {{{ 33, 55, 60, 76,103},
-                               {  2,  9, 10, 67,100},
-                               { 40, 71, 75, 80,108},
-                               { 37, 54, 74, 78, 89},
-                               {  0, 11, 73, 90,106}},
-
-                              {{ 20, 28, 30, 63, 72},
-                               { 18, 27, 81, 88, 97},
-                               { 29, 34, 39, 68, 77},
-                               {  3,  4, 70, 83,114},
-                               { 43, 69, 87,101,119}},
-
-                              {{ 51, 82, 93,122,123},
-                               { 48, 58, 61, 79, 99},
-                               { 21, 50, 95,109,117},
-                               {  7, 13, 14, 15, 91},
-                               { 19, 35, 44, 56, 64}},
-
-                              {{  6, 12,102,110,111},
-                               { 25, 38, 41, 47, 49},
-                               {  1,  8, 16, 42,105},
-                               { 22, 26, 46, 65, 85},
-                               { 57,107,115,118,120}},
-
-                              {{ 17, 24, 53, 66,113},
-                               { 31, 32, 62, 84, 86},
-                               { 52, 59, 94, 96,121},
-                               { 23, 36, 92,112,124},
-                               {  5, 45, 98,104,116}}};
+        xarray<long> py_p2 = {
+            {{33, 55, 60, 76, 103},
+             {2, 9, 10, 67, 100},
+             {40, 71, 75, 80, 108},
+             {37, 54, 74, 78, 89},
+             {0, 11, 73, 90, 106}},
+
+            {{20, 28, 30, 63, 72},
+             {18, 27, 81, 88, 97},
+             {29, 34, 39, 68, 77},
+             {3, 4, 70, 83, 114},
+             {43, 69, 87, 101, 119}},
+
+            {{51, 82, 93, 122, 123},
+             {48, 58, 61, 79, 99},
+             {21, 50, 95, 109, 117},
+             {7, 13, 14, 15, 91},
+             {19, 35, 44, 56, 64}},
+
+            {{6, 12, 102, 110, 111},
+             {25, 38, 41, 47, 49},
+             {1, 8, 16, 42, 105},
+             {22, 26, 46, 65, 85},
+             {57, 107, 115, 118, 120}},
+
+            {{17, 24, 53, 66, 113},
+             {31, 32, 62, 84, 86},
+             {52, 59, 94, 96, 121},
+             {23, 36, 92, 112, 124},
+             {5, 45, 98, 104, 116}}};
 
         auto p0 = xt::partition(py_a, {1, 2}, 0);
         auto p1 = xt::partition(py_a, {1, 4}, 1);
@@ -629,95 +536,38 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::view(py_p2, all(), all(), 1), xt::view(p2, all(), all(), 1));
 
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 2), 0)
-        xarray<long> py_a0 = {{{3,1,3,4,2},
-                               {0,0,0,3,1},
-                               {1,3,0,3,3},
-                               {3,2,1,2,1},
-                               {0,2,4,2,4}},
-
-                              {{1,0,4,1,0},
-                               {4,3,4,4,3},
-                               {3,2,1,1,1},
-                               {1,0,2,4,2},
-                               {2,1,0,1,2}},
-
-                              {{4,3,0,2,1},
-                               {2,1,3,1,4},
-                               {2,4,3,0,4},
-                               {0,3,3,0,4},
-                               {1,0,2,0,3}},
-
-                              {{0,2,2,3,3},
-                               {3,2,2,0,0},
-                               {0,0,2,2,0},
-                               {2,1,0,3,3},
-                               {3,3,3,3,1}},
-
-                              {{2,4,1,0,4},
-                               {1,4,1,2,2},
-                               {4,1,4,4,2},
-                               {4,4,4,1,0},
-                               {4,4,1,4,0}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a0 = {
+            {{3, 1, 3, 4, 2}, {0, 0, 0, 3, 1}, {1, 3, 0, 3, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 4, 2, 4}},
+
+            {{1, 0, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 3, 4, 4, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 4, 2}, {2, 1, 0, 1, 2}},
+
+            {{4, 3, 0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 3, 1, 4}, {2, 4, 3, 0, 4}, {0, 3, 3, 0, 4}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3}},
+
+            {{0, 2, 2, 3, 3}, {3, 2, 2, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 2, 2, 0}, {2, 1, 0, 3, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 3, 1}},
+
+            {{2, 4, 1, 0, 4}, {1, 4, 1, 2, 2}, {4, 1, 4, 4, 2}, {4, 4, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 4, 1, 4, 0}}};
         // py_a1 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 4), 1)
-        xarray<long> py_a1 = {{{4,1,1,3,0},
-                               {1,3,4,2,1},
-                               {0,2,0,1,4},
-                               {2,0,2,0,3},
-                               {3,4,3,4,2}},
-
-                              {{0,1,3,0,3},
-                               {2,0,2,2,1},
-                               {3,4,4,3,2},
-                               {1,2,0,4,0},
-                               {4,3,1,1,4}},
-
-                              {{1,3,3,3,3},
-                               {2,4,4,4,0},
-                               {4,2,1,0,4},
-                               {3,1,2,1,1},
-                               {0,0,0,2,2}},
-
-                              {{0,2,0,2,2},
-                               {3,1,3,1,3},
-                               {2,3,1,3,1},
-                               {1,0,2,0,4},
-                               {4,4,4,4,0}},
-
-                              {{1,2,4,0,3},
-                               {0,1,0,3,4},
-                               {2,4,1,1,2},
-                               {4,3,3,2,1},
-                               {3,0,2,4,0}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a1 = {
+            {{4, 1, 1, 3, 0}, {1, 3, 4, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 4}, {2, 0, 2, 0, 3}, {3, 4, 3, 4, 2}},
+
+            {{0, 1, 3, 0, 3}, {2, 0, 2, 2, 1}, {3, 4, 4, 3, 2}, {1, 2, 0, 4, 0}, {4, 3, 1, 1, 4}},
+
+            {{1, 3, 3, 3, 3}, {2, 4, 4, 4, 0}, {4, 2, 1, 0, 4}, {3, 1, 2, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 2, 2}},
+
+            {{0, 2, 0, 2, 2}, {3, 1, 3, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1, 3, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 4}, {4, 4, 4, 4, 0}},
+
+            {{1, 2, 4, 0, 3}, {0, 1, 0, 3, 4}, {2, 4, 1, 1, 2}, {4, 3, 3, 2, 1}, {3, 0, 2, 4, 0}}};
         // py_a2 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 3), 2)
-        xarray<long> py_a2 = {{{2,0,4,1,3},
-                               {0,2,1,4,3},
-                               {2,1,0,3,4},
-                               {1,3,4,0,2},
-                               {0,2,4,1,3}},
-
-                              {{0,1,3,4,2},
-                               {4,1,0,3,2},
-                               {4,3,0,2,1},
-                               {2,4,0,3,1},
-                               {1,2,3,0,4}},
-
-                              {{4,3,0,2,1},
-                               {0,1,2,4,3},
-                               {1,0,4,2,3},
-                               {4,2,1,3,0},
-                               {1,3,2,4,0}},
-
-                              {{0,2,4,3,1},
-                               {1,3,2,4,0},
-                               {4,1,3,0,2},
-                               {2,0,4,1,3},
-                               {4,0,2,1,3}},
-
-                              {{3,2,0,4,1},
-                               {2,0,4,3,1},
-                               {4,1,3,0,2},
-                               {3,4,2,1,0},
-                               {2,4,1,0,3}}};
+        xarray<long> py_a2 = {
+            {{2, 0, 4, 1, 3}, {0, 2, 1, 4, 3}, {2, 1, 0, 3, 4}, {1, 3, 4, 0, 2}, {0, 2, 4, 1, 3}},
+
+            {{0, 1, 3, 4, 2}, {4, 1, 0, 3, 2}, {4, 3, 0, 2, 1}, {2, 4, 0, 3, 1}, {1, 2, 3, 0, 4}},
+
+            {{4, 3, 0, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 2, 4, 3}, {1, 0, 4, 2, 3}, {4, 2, 1, 3, 0}, {1, 3, 2, 4, 0}},
+
+            {{0, 2, 4, 3, 1}, {1, 3, 2, 4, 0}, {4, 1, 3, 0, 2}, {2, 0, 4, 1, 3}, {4, 0, 2, 1, 3}},
+
+            {{3, 2, 0, 4, 1}, {2, 0, 4, 3, 1}, {4, 1, 3, 0, 2}, {3, 4, 2, 1, 0}, {2, 4, 1, 0, 3}}};
 
         auto a0 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 2}, 0);
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 4}, 1);
diff --git a/test/test_sfinae.cpp b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
index 3376e2ee2..53ccc47a9 100644
--- a/test/test_sfinae.cpp
+++ b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 // #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
@@ -46,7 +47,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(2ul * a) == 0ul);
         EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(2ul * b) == 0ul);
         EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(2ul * c) == 0ul);
-
     }
 
     template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, SIZE_MAX>::value, int> = 0>
diff --git a/test/test_utils.hpp b/test/test_utils.hpp
index 3ad5b5aaf..599db8356 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.hpp
+++ b/test/test_utils.hpp
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 return (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)();
             }
-            if ((lhs == static_cast<T>(0)) ||
-                (rhs > static_cast<T>(1) &&
-                    lhs < rhs * (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)()))
+            if ((lhs == static_cast<T>(0))
+                || (rhs > static_cast<T>(1) && lhs < rhs * (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)()))
             {
                 return static_cast<T>(0);
             }
@@ -85,7 +84,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     bool tensor_near(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-        bool res = e1.dimension() == e2.dimension() && std::equal(e1.shape().begin(), e1.shape().end(), e2.shape().begin());
+        bool res = e1.dimension() == e2.dimension()
+                   && std::equal(e1.shape().begin(), e1.shape().end(), e2.shape().begin());
         auto iter1 = e1.begin();
         auto iter2 = e2.begin();
         auto iter_end = e1.end();
diff --git a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
index ca19e0363..5b7515527 100644
--- a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
@@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xaccumulator, one_d)
     {
-        xt::xarray<short> a = { short(1), short(2), short(3), short(4)};
-        xt::xarray<int> expected = { 1, 3, 6, 10};
+        xt::xarray<short> a = {short(1), short(2), short(3), short(4)};
+        xt::xarray<int> expected = {1, 3, 6, 10};
         auto no_axis = cumsum(a);
         auto with_axis = cumsum(a, 0);
         bool promotion_works = std::is_same<decltype(no_axis)::value_type, int>::value;
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xaccumulator, dim_one)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr = {{ 5., 6., 7. }};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr = {{5., 6., 7.}};
         xt::xarray<double> res = xt::cumsum(arr, 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(res, arr);
 
@@ -45,32 +46,28 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xaccumulator, four_d)
     {
-        xarray<double> arg_0 = {{{{ 0., 1., 2.},
-                                  { 3., 4., 5.}},
+        xarray<double> arg_0 = {
+            {{{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}},
 
-                                 {{ 6., 7., 8.},
-                                  { 9.,10.,11.}},
+             {{6., 7., 8.}, {9., 10., 11.}},
 
-                                 {{12.,13.,14.},
-                                  {15.,16.,17.}}},
+             {{12., 13., 14.}, {15., 16., 17.}}},
 
 
-                                {{{18.,19.,20.},
-                                  {21.,22.,23.}},
+            {{{18., 19., 20.}, {21., 22., 23.}},
 
-                                 {{24.,25.,26.},
-                                  {27.,28.,29.}},
+             {{24., 25., 26.}, {27., 28., 29.}},
 
-                                 {{30.,31.,32.},
-                                  {33.,34.,35.}}}};
+             {{30., 31., 32.}, {33., 34., 35.}}}};
         auto res = cumsum(arg_0);
-        xarray<double> expected = {  0.,  1.,  3.,  6., 10., 15., 21., 28., 36., 45., 55., 66., 78., 91.,
-                                   105.,120.,136.,153.,171.,190.,210.,231.,253.,276.,300.,325.,351.,378.,
-                                   406.,435.,465.,496.,528.,561.,595.,630.};
-
-        xarray<double> expected_col = {   0.,   18.,   24.,   48.,   60.,   90.,   93.,  114.,  123.,  150.,  165.,  198.,
-                                        199.,  218.,  225.,  250.,  263.,  294.,  298.,  320.,  330.,  358.,  374.,  408.,
-                                        410.,  430.,  438.,  464.,  478.,  510.,  515.,  538.,  549.,  578.,  595.,  630.};
+        xarray<double> expected = {0.,   1.,   3.,   6.,   10.,  15.,  21.,  28.,  36.,  45.,  55.,  66.,
+                                   78.,  91.,  105., 120., 136., 153., 171., 190., 210., 231., 253., 276.,
+                                   300., 325., 351., 378., 406., 435., 465., 496., 528., 561., 595., 630.};
+
+        xarray<double> expected_col = {0.,   18.,  24.,  48.,  60.,  90.,  93.,  114., 123.,
+                                       150., 165., 198., 199., 218., 225., 250., 263., 294.,
+                                       298., 320., 330., 358., 374., 408., 410., 430., 438.,
+                                       464., 478., 510., 515., 538., 549., 578., 595., 630.};
         if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL == layout_type::row_major)
         {
             EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected, res));
@@ -81,90 +78,70 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         auto res_0 = cumsum(arg_0, 0);
-        xarray<double> expected_0 = {{{{ 0., 1., 2.},
-                                       { 3., 4., 5.}},
+        xarray<double> expected_0 = {
+            {{{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}},
 
-                                      {{ 6., 7., 8.},
-                                       { 9.,10.,11.}},
+             {{6., 7., 8.}, {9., 10., 11.}},
 
-                                      {{12.,13.,14.},
-                                       {15.,16.,17.}}},
+             {{12., 13., 14.}, {15., 16., 17.}}},
 
 
-                                     {{{18.,20.,22.},
-                                       {24.,26.,28.}},
+            {{{18., 20., 22.}, {24., 26., 28.}},
 
-                                      {{30.,32.,34.},
-                                       {36.,38.,40.}},
+             {{30., 32., 34.}, {36., 38., 40.}},
 
-                                      {{42.,44.,46.},
-                                       {48.,50.,52.}}}};
+             {{42., 44., 46.}, {48., 50., 52.}}}};
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(expected_0, res_0)));
 
         auto res_1 = cumsum(arg_0, 1);
-        xarray<double> expected_1 = {{{{ 0., 1., 2.},
-                                       { 3., 4., 5.}},
+        xarray<double> expected_1 = {
+            {{{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}},
 
-                                      {{ 6., 8.,10.},
-                                       {12.,14.,16.}},
+             {{6., 8., 10.}, {12., 14., 16.}},
 
-                                      {{18.,21.,24.},
-                                       {27.,30.,33.}}},
+             {{18., 21., 24.}, {27., 30., 33.}}},
 
 
-                                     {{{18.,19.,20.},
-                                       {21.,22.,23.}},
+            {{{18., 19., 20.}, {21., 22., 23.}},
 
-                                      {{42.,44.,46.},
-                                       {48.,50.,52.}},
+             {{42., 44., 46.}, {48., 50., 52.}},
 
-                                      {{72.,75.,78.},
-                                       {81.,84.,87.}}}};
+             {{72., 75., 78.}, {81., 84., 87.}}}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res_1, expected_1)));
 
         auto res_2 = cumsum(arg_0, 2);
-        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{{{ 0., 1., 2.},
-                                      { 3., 5., 7.}},
+        xarray<double> expected_2 = {
+            {{{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 5., 7.}},
 
-                                     {{ 6., 7., 8.},
-                                      {15.,17.,19.}},
+             {{6., 7., 8.}, {15., 17., 19.}},
 
-                                     {{12.,13.,14.},
-                                      {27.,29.,31.}}},
+             {{12., 13., 14.}, {27., 29., 31.}}},
 
 
-                                    {{{18.,19.,20.},
-                                      {39.,41.,43.}},
+            {{{18., 19., 20.}, {39., 41., 43.}},
 
-                                     {{24.,25.,26.},
-                                      {51.,53.,55.}},
+             {{24., 25., 26.}, {51., 53., 55.}},
 
-                                     {{30.,31.,32.},
-                                      {63.,65.,67.}}}};
+             {{30., 31., 32.}, {63., 65., 67.}}}};
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res_2, expected_2)));
 
         auto res_3 = cumsum(arg_0, 3);
         auto res_m1 = cumsum(arg_0, -1);
-        xarray<double> expected_3 = {{{{  0.,  1.,  3.},
-                                       {  3.,  7., 12.}},
+        xarray<double> expected_3 = {
+            {{{0., 1., 3.}, {3., 7., 12.}},
 
-                                      {{  6., 13., 21.},
-                                       {  9., 19., 30.}},
+             {{6., 13., 21.}, {9., 19., 30.}},
 
-                                      {{ 12., 25., 39.},
-                                       { 15., 31., 48.}}},
+             {{12., 25., 39.}, {15., 31., 48.}}},
 
 
-                                     {{{ 18., 37., 57.},
-                                       { 21., 43., 66.}},
+            {{{18., 37., 57.}, {21., 43., 66.}},
 
-                                      {{ 24., 49., 75.},
-                                       { 27., 55., 84.}},
+             {{24., 49., 75.}, {27., 55., 84.}},
 
-                                      {{ 30., 61., 93.},
-                                       { 33., 67.,102.}}}};
+             {{30., 61., 93.}, {33., 67., 102.}}}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected_3, res_3));
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected_3, res_m1));
     }
@@ -181,27 +158,18 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xaccumulator, cumprod)
     {
-        xarray<long> arg_0 = {{ 0, 1, 2},
-                              { 3, 4, 5},
-                              { 6, 7, 8},
-                              { 9,10,11}};
+        xarray<long> arg_0 = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}};
         auto res = cumprod(arg_0);
 
-        xarray<long> expected = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+        xarray<long> expected = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected, res));
 
         auto res_0 = cumprod(arg_0, 0);
-        xarray<long> expected_0 = {{  0,   1,   2},
-                                   {  0,   4,  10},
-                                   {  0,  28,  80},
-                                   {  0, 280, 880}};
+        xarray<long> expected_0 = {{0, 1, 2}, {0, 4, 10}, {0, 28, 80}, {0, 280, 880}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected_0, res_0));
 
         auto res_1 = cumprod(arg_0, 1);
-        xarray<long> expected_1 = {{  0,  0,   0},
-                                   {  3, 12,  60},
-                                   {  6, 42, 336},
-                                   {  9, 90, 990}};
+        xarray<long> expected_1 = {{0, 0, 0}, {3, 12, 60}, {6, 42, 336}, {9, 90, 990}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected_1, res_1));
     }
 
@@ -212,15 +180,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         bool truth = std::is_same<decltype(res), xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2, 4, 3>>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
-        xtensor_fixed<long, xshape<4, 3>> arg_0({{ 0, 1, 2},
-                                                 { 3, 4, 5},
-                                                 { 6, 7, 8},
-                                                 { 9,10,11}});
+        xtensor_fixed<long, xshape<4, 3>> arg_0({{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}});
         auto res_0 = cumprod(arg_0, 0);
-        xarray<long> expected_0 = {{  0,   1,   2},
-                                   {  0,   4,  10},
-                                   {  0,  28,  80},
-                                   {  0, 280, 880}};
+        xarray<long> expected_0 = {{0, 1, 2}, {0, 4, 10}, {0, 28, 80}, {0, 280, 880}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(expected_0 == res_0);
         truth = std::is_same<typename decltype(res_0)::shape_type, xshape<4, 3>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
@@ -228,14 +190,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xaccumulator, empty_array)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({ 3, 4, 0 });
+        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({3, 4, 0});
 
         auto result0 = xt::cumsum(a);
-        auto expected0 = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({ 0 });
+        auto expected0 = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({0});
         EXPECT_EQ(result0, expected0);
 
         auto result1 = xt::cumsum(a, 2);
-        auto expected = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({ 3, 4, 0 });
+        auto expected = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({3, 4, 0});
         EXPECT_EQ(result1, expected);
 
         auto result2 = xt::cumsum(a, 1);
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index bbfdc9be2..9354e492d 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using vec_type = std::vector<int>;
@@ -71,7 +72,8 @@ namespace xt
         auto a1 = adapt(data, size, no_ownership(), s);
         size_t st = static_cast<size_t>(a1.strides()[0]);
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        {
             a1.reset_buffer(&data[i * size], size);
             a1(1, 0) = static_cast<int>(i);
             EXPECT_EQ(i, data[i * size + st]);
@@ -82,7 +84,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         size_t size = 4;
         int* data = std::allocator<int>{}.allocate(size);
-        int* data2 =  std::allocator<int>{}.allocate(size);;
+        int* data2 = std::allocator<int>{}.allocate(size);
+        ;
         using shape_type = std::vector<vec_type::size_type>;
         shape_type s({2, 2});
 
@@ -98,13 +101,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, c_stack_array)
     {
-        double data[4] = { 1., 2., 3., 4. };
+        double data[4] = {1., 2., 3., 4.};
         using shape_type = std::vector<vec_type::size_type>;
         shape_type s({2, 2});
         auto a = adapt(data, s);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a.size(), 4u);
-        if(XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == xt::layout_type::row_major)
+        if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == xt::layout_type::row_major)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1), 2.);
             EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0), 3.);
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ namespace xt
         int data2 = 1;
         int data3;
         using shape_type = std::vector<vec_type::size_type>;
-        shape_type s({ 1 });
+        shape_type s({1});
 
         auto a1 = adapt(&data1, size, no_ownership(), s);
         auto a2 = adapt(&data2, size, no_ownership(), s);
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ namespace xt
         data2[0] = 1;
         int* data3 = nullptr;
         using shape_type = std::vector<vec_type::size_type>;
-        shape_type s({ 1 });
+        shape_type s({1});
 
         auto a1 = adapt(data1, size, acquire_ownership(), s);
         auto a2 = adapt(data2, size, acquire_ownership(), s);
@@ -161,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
         int* data = new int[size];
 
         using shape_type = std::vector<vec_type::size_type>;
-        shape_type s = { size };
+        shape_type s = {size};
 
         auto a0 = adapt<layout_type::dynamic>(data, size, no_ownership(), s, layout_type::row_major);
         a0(3) = 3;
@@ -237,7 +240,8 @@ namespace xt
         auto a1 = adapt(data, size, no_ownership(), shape);
         size_t st = static_cast<size_t>(a1.strides()[0]);
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        {
             a1.reset_buffer(&data[i * size], size);
             a1(1, 0) = static_cast<int>(i);
             EXPECT_EQ(i, data[i * size + st]);
@@ -311,13 +315,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, c_stack_array)
     {
-        double data[4] = { 1., 2., 3., 4. };
+        double data[4] = {1., 2., 3., 4.};
         using shape_type = std::array<vec_type::size_type, 2>;
         shape_type s = {2, 2};
         auto a = adapt(data, s);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a.size(), 4u);
-        if(XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == xt::layout_type::row_major)
+        if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == xt::layout_type::row_major)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1), 2.);
             EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0), 3.);
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ namespace xt
         int data2 = 1;
         int data3;
         using shape_type = std::array<vec_type::size_type, 1>;
-        shape_type s = { 1 };
+        shape_type s = {1};
 
         auto a1 = adapt(&data1, size, no_ownership(), s);
         auto a2 = adapt(&data2, size, no_ownership(), s);
@@ -362,7 +366,7 @@ namespace xt
         int* p_data3 = &data3;
 
         using shape_type = std::array<vec_type::size_type, 1>;
-        shape_type s = { 1 };
+        shape_type s = {1};
 
         auto a1 = adapt(p_data1, size, no_ownership(), s);
         auto a2 = adapt(p_data2, size, no_ownership(), s);
@@ -382,7 +386,7 @@ namespace xt
         data2[0] = 1;
         int* data3 = nullptr;
         using shape_type = std::array<vec_type::size_type, 1>;
-        shape_type s = { 1 };
+        shape_type s = {1};
 
         auto a1 = adapt(data1, size, acquire_ownership(), s);
         auto a2 = adapt(data2, size, acquire_ownership(), s);
@@ -397,7 +401,7 @@ namespace xt
         int* data = new int[size];
 
         using shape_type = std::array<vec_type::size_type, 1>;
-        shape_type s = { size };
+        shape_type s = {size};
 
         auto a0 = adapt<layout_type::dynamic>(data, size, no_ownership(), s, layout_type::column_major);
         a0(3) = 3;
@@ -408,7 +412,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, short_syntax)
     {
-        std::vector<int> a({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+        std::vector<int> a({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8});
         auto xa = adapt(&a[1], std::vector<std::size_t>({3}));
         xa(1) = 123;
 
@@ -418,7 +422,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, nice_syntax)
     {
-        std::vector<int> a({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+        std::vector<int> a({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8});
 
         auto xa = adapt(&a[0], {2, 4});
         bool truthy = std::is_same<decltype(xa)::shape_type, std::array<std::size_t, 2>>::value;
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor_fixed_adaptor, adapt)
     {
-        std::vector<int> a({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+        std::vector<int> a({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8});
         auto xa = adapt(&a[0], xshape<2, 4>());
         xa(0, 0) = 100;
         xa(1, 3) = 1000;
@@ -440,7 +444,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a[7], 1000);
         bool truthy = std::is_same<decltype(xa)::shape_type, xshape<2, 4>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
-        const std::vector<int> b({5,5,19,5});
+        const std::vector<int> b({5, 5, 19, 5});
         auto xb = adapt(&b[0], xshape<2, 2>());
         if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == layout_type::row_major)
         {
@@ -454,15 +458,20 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace xadapt_test
     {
-        struct Buffer {
+        struct Buffer
+        {
             std::vector<double> buf;
-            Buffer(std::vector<double>& ibuf) : buf(ibuf) {}
+
+            Buffer(std::vector<double>& ibuf)
+                : buf(ibuf)
+            {
+            }
         };
     }
 
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, smart_ptr)
     {
-        auto data = std::vector<double>{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
+        auto data = std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
         auto shared_buf = std::make_shared<xadapt_test::Buffer>(data);
         auto unique_buf = std::make_unique<xadapt_test::Buffer>(data);
         std::vector<size_t> shape = {4, 2};
@@ -498,7 +507,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, smart_ptr)
     {
-        auto data = std::vector<double>{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
+        auto data = std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
         auto shared_buf = std::make_shared<xadapt_test::Buffer>(data);
         auto unique_buf = std::make_unique<xadapt_test::Buffer>(data);
 
diff --git a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
index d087d5c09..245d690b4 100644
--- a/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadaptor_semantic.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
@@ -40,17 +40,18 @@ namespace xt
     class adaptor_semantic
     {
     public:
+
         using container_type = C;
         using adaptor_type = get_test_adaptor_t<C>;
     };
 
-    #define ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
+#define ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
     TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("xsimd_info", TypeParam, ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES)
     {
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
         std::cout << "Built with XSIMD" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " arch "<<xsimd::default_arch::name() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << " arch " << xsimd::default_arch::name() << std::endl;
 #else
         std::cout << "Built without XSIMD" << std::endl;
 #endif
@@ -374,6 +375,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(tester.res_ru, b);
         }
     }
-    #undef ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES
+
+#undef ADAPTOR_SEMANTIC_TYPES
 }
+
 TEST_SUITE_END();
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index 962f68f19..f5ede32c1 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 
+#include <type_traits>
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
-#include <type_traits>
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(8, c());
 
         EXPECT_EQ(8, c(1, 2));
-        xindex idx = { 1, 2 };
+        xindex idx = {1, 2};
         EXPECT_EQ(8, c.element(idx.cbegin(), idx.cend()));
     }
 
@@ -276,10 +278,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray, cross_layout_assign)
     {
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                                                 {5, 6, 7, 8}};
-        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                                                    {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
 
         xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> ra = a;
         EXPECT_EQ(b, ra);
@@ -296,12 +296,18 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray, move_from_xtensor)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 3> a = {{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}}, {{10, 10, 10}, {1,5,10}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3> a = {{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}, {{10, 10, 10}, {1, 5, 10}}};
         xtensor<double, 3> a1 = a;
         xarray<double> b(std::move(a1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), b.strides().begin()) && a.strides().size() == b.strides().size());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), b.backstrides().begin()) && a.backstrides().size() == b.backstrides().size());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), b.strides().begin())
+            && a.strides().size() == b.strides().size()
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), b.backstrides().begin())
+            && a.backstrides().size() == b.backstrides().size()
+        );
         EXPECT_EQ(a.layout(), b.layout());
 
         xtensor<double, 3> a2 = a;
@@ -309,19 +315,25 @@ namespace xt
         c = std::move(a2);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), c.strides().begin()) && a.strides().size() == c.strides().size());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), c.backstrides().begin()) && a.backstrides().size() == c.backstrides().size());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), c.strides().begin())
+            && a.strides().size() == c.strides().size()
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), c.backstrides().begin())
+            && a.backstrides().size() == c.backstrides().size()
+        );
         EXPECT_EQ(a.layout(), c.layout());
     }
 
     TEST(xarray, operator_brace)
     {
 #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
-        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
         EXPECT_THROW(a(2, 0), std::runtime_error);
         EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
 
-        xt::xarray<size_t> b = {{0,1,2}};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> b = {{0, 1, 2}};
         EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
         EXPECT_THROW(a(1, 3), std::runtime_error);
 #endif
@@ -329,31 +341,31 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xarray, periodic)
     {
-        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-        xt::xarray<size_t> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
-        a.periodic(-1,3) = 30;
-        a.periodic(-1,4) = 40;
-        a.periodic(-1,5) = 50;
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
+        a.periodic(-1, 3) = 30;
+        a.periodic(-1, 4) = 40;
+        a.periodic(-1, 5) = 50;
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
     TEST(xarray, front)
     {
-        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a.front(), 1);
     }
 
     TEST(xarray, back)
     {
-        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a.back(), 6);
     }
 
-TEST(xarray, flat)
+    TEST(xarray, flat)
     {
         {
-            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
             a.flat(3) = 30;
             a.flat(4) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
@@ -363,8 +375,8 @@ TEST(xarray, flat)
 #endif
         }
         {
-            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::column_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+            xt::xarray<size_t, xt::layout_type::column_major> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
             a.flat(1) = 30;
             a.flat(3) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
@@ -377,9 +389,9 @@ TEST(xarray, flat)
 
     TEST(xarray, in_bounds)
     {
-        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(0,0) == true);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(2,0) == false);
+        xt::xarray<size_t> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(0, 0) == true);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(2, 0) == false);
     }
 
     TEST(xarray, iterator_types)
@@ -388,7 +400,8 @@ TEST(xarray, flat)
         test_iterator_types<array_type, int*, const int*>();
     }
 
-    auto test_reshape_compile() {
+    auto test_reshape_compile()
+    {
         xt::xarray<double> a = xt::zeros<double>({5, 5});
         return a.reshape({1, 25});
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
index afdae118c..d2e936d5e 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
index 76c19eafd..475d0e5cf 100644
--- a/test/test_xassign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -1,107 +1,127 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "test_common.hpp"
-
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 // a dummy shape *not derived* from std::vector but compatible
-template<class T>
+template <class T>
 class my_vector
 {
 private:
+
     using vector_type = std::vector<T>;
+
 public:
+
     using value_type = T;
     using size_type = typename vector_type::size_type;
-    template<class U>
+
+    template <class U>
     my_vector(std::initializer_list<U> vals)
-    : m_data(vals.begin(), vals.end())
+        : m_data(vals.begin(), vals.end())
     {
     }
-    my_vector(const std::size_t size = 0, const T & val = T())
-    : m_data(size, val)
+
+    my_vector(const std::size_t size = 0, const T& val = T())
+        : m_data(size, val)
     {
     }
+
     auto resize(const std::size_t size)
     {
         return m_data.resize(size);
     }
-    auto size()const
+
+    auto size() const
     {
         return m_data.size();
     }
-    auto cend()const
+
+    auto cend() const
     {
         return m_data.cend();
     }
-    auto cbegin()const
+
+    auto cbegin() const
     {
         return m_data.cbegin();
     }
+
     auto end()
     {
         return m_data.end();
     }
-    auto end()const
+
+    auto end() const
     {
         return m_data.end();
     }
+
     auto begin()
     {
         return m_data.begin();
     }
-    auto begin()const
+
+    auto begin() const
     {
         return m_data.begin();
     }
-    auto empty()const
+
+    auto empty() const
     {
         return m_data.empty();
     }
-    auto & back()
+
+    auto& back()
     {
         return m_data.back();
     }
-    const auto & back()const
+
+    const auto& back() const
     {
         return m_data.back();
     }
-    auto & front()
+
+    auto& front()
     {
         return m_data.front();
     }
-    const auto & front()const
+
+    const auto& front() const
     {
         return m_data.front();
     }
-    auto & operator[](const std::size_t i)
+
+    auto& operator[](const std::size_t i)
     {
         return m_data[i];
     }
-    const auto & operator[](const std::size_t i)const
+
+    const auto& operator[](const std::size_t i) const
     {
         return m_data[i];
     }
+
 private:
+
     std::vector<T> m_data;
 };
 
-
 namespace xt
 {
 
@@ -115,14 +135,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         {
             // xarray like with custom shape
-            using my_xarray = xt::xarray_container<
-                std::vector<int>,
-                xt::layout_type::row_major,
-                my_vector<std::size_t>
-            >;
-
-            auto a = my_xarray::from_shape({1,3});
-            auto b = xt::xtensor<int,2>::from_shape({2,3});
+            using my_xarray = xt::xarray_container<std::vector<int>, xt::layout_type::row_major, my_vector<std::size_t>>;
+
+            auto a = my_xarray::from_shape({1, 3});
+            auto b = xt::xtensor<int, 2>::from_shape({2, 3});
             xt::noalias(a) += b;
             EXPECT_EQ(a.dimension(), 2);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(0), 2);
@@ -130,19 +146,14 @@ namespace xt
         }
         {
             // xarray like with custom shape
-            using my_xarray = xt::xarray_container<
-                std::vector<int>,
-                xt::layout_type::row_major,
-                my_vector<std::size_t>
-            >;
+            using my_xarray = xt::xarray_container<std::vector<int>, xt::layout_type::row_major, my_vector<std::size_t>>;
 
             auto a = my_xarray::from_shape({3});
-            auto b = xt::xtensor<int,2>::from_shape({2,3});
+            auto b = xt::xtensor<int, 2>::from_shape({2, 3});
             xt::noalias(a) += b;
             EXPECT_EQ(a.dimension(), 2);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(0), 2);
             EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(1), 3);
         }
-
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
index 61fb17819..1cc764d7d 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
@@ -1,28 +1,26 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using std::size_t;
 
     xarray<int> get_test_array()
     {
-        xarray<int> res = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                            {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                            {9, 10, 11, 12}},
-                           {{13, 14, 15, 16},
-                            {17, 18, 19, 20},
-                            {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
+        xarray<int> res = {
+            {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}},
+            {{13, 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -68,13 +66,17 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> a = get_test_array();
         auto iter_begin = axis_begin(a);
         auto iter_end = axis_end(a);
-        ++iter_begin; ++iter_begin;
+        ++iter_begin;
+        ++iter_begin;
         EXPECT_EQ(iter_begin, iter_end);
 
         xarray<int> b = get_test_array();
         auto iter_begin_row = axis_begin(b, 2u);
         auto iter_end_row = axis_end(b, 2u);
-        ++iter_begin_row; ++iter_begin_row; ++iter_begin_row; ++iter_begin_row;
+        ++iter_begin_row;
+        ++iter_begin_row;
+        ++iter_begin_row;
+        ++iter_begin_row;
         EXPECT_EQ(iter_begin_row, iter_end_row);
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
index c2c5ac72a..242822c50 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -18,12 +18,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     xarray<int> get_slice_test_array()
     {
-        xarray<int> res = { {{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                            {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                            {9, 10, 11, 12}},
-                           {{13, 14, 15, 16},
-                            {17, 18, 19, 20},
-                            {21, 22, 23, 24}} };
+        xarray<int> res = {
+            {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}},
+            {{13, 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -37,7 +34,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 0), (*iter_begin)(1));
     }
 
-
     TEST(xaxis_slice_iterator, end)
     {
         xarray<int> a = get_slice_test_array();
@@ -90,7 +86,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1, 3), (*iter)(3));
     }
 
-
     TEST(xaxis_slice_iterator, axis_0)
     {
         xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = get_slice_test_array();
@@ -251,7 +246,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2, 3), (*iter)(2));
     }
 
-
     TEST(xaxis_slice_iterator, axis_2)
     {
         xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = get_slice_test_array();
diff --git a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
index c676c2f48..09a0bf200 100644
--- a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
-#include "test_common.hpp"
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
 
-#include <tuple>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <vector>
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 
-#define  XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(FNAME)\
-struct FNAME ## _tester\
-{   \
-    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
-    static auto op(ARGS &&... args)\
-    {\
-        return xt::blockwise:: FNAME <T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
-    }\
-    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
-    static auto should_op(ARGS &&... args)\
-    {\
-        return xt:: FNAME <T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
-    }\
-};\
-TYPE_TO_STRING(FNAME ## _tester);\
-TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>);\
-TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>)
+#define XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(FNAME)                                           \
+    struct FNAME##_tester                                                       \
+    {                                                                           \
+        template <class T = void, class... ARGS>                                \
+        static auto op(ARGS&&... args)                                          \
+        {                                                                       \
+            return xt::blockwise::FNAME<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);        \
+        }                                                                       \
+        template <class T = void, class... ARGS>                                \
+        static auto should_op(ARGS&&... args)                                   \
+        {                                                                       \
+            return xt::FNAME<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);                   \
+        }                                                                       \
+    };                                                                          \
+    TYPE_TO_STRING(FNAME##_tester);                                             \
+    TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>); \
+    TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>)
 
 XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(sum);
 XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(prod);
@@ -38,23 +38,23 @@ XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER(stddev);
 
 #undef XTENSOR_REDUCER_TESTER
 
-#define  XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(FNAME)\
-struct FNAME ## _tester\
-{   \
-    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
-    static auto op(ARGS &&... args)\
-    {\
-        return xt::blockwise:: FNAME (std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
-    }\
-    template<class T=void, class ... ARGS>\
-    static auto should_op(ARGS &&... args)\
-    {\
-        return xt:: FNAME (std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);\
-    }\
-};\
-TYPE_TO_STRING(FNAME##_tester);\
-TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>);\
-TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester,          std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>)
+#define XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(FNAME)                                      \
+    struct FNAME##_tester                                                       \
+    {                                                                           \
+        template <class T = void, class... ARGS>                                \
+        static auto op(ARGS&&... args)                                          \
+        {                                                                       \
+            return xt::blockwise::FNAME(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);           \
+        }                                                                       \
+        template <class T = void, class... ARGS>                                \
+        static auto should_op(ARGS&&... args)                                   \
+        {                                                                       \
+            return xt::FNAME(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);                      \
+        }                                                                       \
+    };                                                                          \
+    TYPE_TO_STRING(FNAME##_tester);                                             \
+    TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>); \
+    TYPE_TO_STRING(std::tuple<FNAME##_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>)
 
 XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_l0);
 XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_l1);
@@ -68,247 +68,240 @@ XTENSOR_NORM_REDUCER_TESTER(norm_lp);
 namespace xt
 {
 
-using test_values_test_types = std::tuple<
-    std::tuple<sum_tester,          std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<sum_tester,          std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<prod_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<prod_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<amin_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<amin_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<amax_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<amax_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<mean_tester,         std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<mean_tester,         std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<variance_tester,     std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<variance_tester,     std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<stddev_tester,       std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<stddev_tester,       std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_l0_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_l0_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_l1_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_l1_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_l2_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_l2_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_sq_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_sq_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_linf_tester,    std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_linf_tester,    std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>
->;
-
-using test_p_norm_values_test_types = std::tuple<
-    std::tuple<norm_lp_to_p_tester,      std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_lp_to_p_tester,      std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_lp_tester,           std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
-    std::tuple<norm_lp_tester,           std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>
->;
-
-
-
-TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
-{
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_values", TesterTuple, test_values_id)
+    using test_values_test_types = std::tuple<
+        std::tuple<sum_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<sum_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<prod_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<prod_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<amin_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<amin_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<amax_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<amax_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<mean_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<mean_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<variance_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<variance_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<stddev_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<stddev_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_l0_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_l0_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_l1_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_l1_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_l2_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_l2_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_sq_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_sq_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_linf_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_linf_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>>;
+
+    using test_p_norm_values_test_types = std::tuple<
+        std::tuple<norm_lp_to_p_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_lp_to_p_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_lp_tester, std::tuple<xt::keep_dims_type>>,
+        std::tuple<norm_lp_tester, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate_type>>>;
+
+    TEST_SUITE("xblockwise_reducer")
     {
-        using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
-        using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_values", TesterTuple, test_values_id)
+        {
+            using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
+            using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
 
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
-        xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21, 10, 5});
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5, 4, 2});
+            xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
 
-        // just iota is a bit boring since it will
-        // lead to an uniform variance
-        std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
-        for(std::size_t i=0; i<input_exp.size(); ++i)
-        {
-            if(i % 2)
+            // just iota is a bit boring since it will
+            // lead to an uniform variance
+            std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < input_exp.size(); ++i)
             {
-                input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+                if (i % 2)
+                {
+                    input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+                }
             }
-        }
 
-        std::vector<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>> axes_vec = {
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({1}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})
-        };
+            std::vector<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>> axes_vec = {
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({1}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})};
 
-        for(const auto & axes : axes_vec)
-        {
-            SUBCASE((std::string("axes = ") + stringify(axes)).c_str())
+            for (const auto& axes : axes_vec)
             {
-                auto reducer = tester_type::op(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes, options_type{});
-                auto should_reducer = tester_type::should_op(input_exp, axes, options_type{});
-
-                using should_result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(should_reducer)>::value_type;
-                using result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(reducer)>::value_type;
-
-                SUBCASE("result_value_type")
+                SUBCASE((std::string("axes = ") + stringify(axes)).c_str())
                 {
-                    CHECK_UNARY(std::is_same<result_value_type, should_result_value_type>::value);
-                }
+                    auto reducer = tester_type::op(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes, options_type{});
+                    auto should_reducer = tester_type::should_op(input_exp, axes, options_type{});
 
-                SUBCASE("shape")
-                {
-                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.dimension(), should_reducer.dimension());
-                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.shape(), should_reducer.shape());
-                }
+                    using should_result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(should_reducer)>::value_type;
+                    using result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(reducer)>::value_type;
 
-                SUBCASE("assign")
-                {
-                    auto result = xarray<result_value_type>::from_shape(reducer.shape());
-                    reducer.assign_to(result);
+                    SUBCASE("result_value_type")
+                    {
+                        CHECK_UNARY(std::is_same<result_value_type, should_result_value_type>::value);
+                    }
 
-                    auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
-                    if(std::is_same<tester_type, variance_tester>::value || std::is_same<tester_type, stddev_tester>::value)
+                    SUBCASE("shape")
                     {
-                        CHECK_UNARY(xt::allclose(result, should_result));
+                        CHECK_EQ(reducer.dimension(), should_reducer.dimension());
+                        CHECK_EQ(reducer.shape(), should_reducer.shape());
                     }
-                    else
+
+                    SUBCASE("assign")
                     {
-                        CHECK_EQ(result, should_result);
+                        auto result = xarray<result_value_type>::from_shape(reducer.shape());
+                        reducer.assign_to(result);
+
+                        auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
+                        if (std::is_same<tester_type, variance_tester>::value
+                            || std::is_same<tester_type, stddev_tester>::value)
+                        {
+                            CHECK_UNARY(xt::allclose(result, should_result));
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            CHECK_EQ(result, should_result);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(test_values_id, test_values_test_types);
 
-    }
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(test_values_id, test_values_test_types);
 
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_p_norm_values", TesterTuple, test_p_norm_values_id)
+        {
+            using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
+            using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("test_p_norm_values", TesterTuple, test_p_norm_values_id)
-    {
-        using tester_type = std::tuple_element_t<0, TesterTuple>;
-        using options_type = std::tuple_element_t<1, TesterTuple>;
-
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
-        xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21, 10, 5});
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5, 4, 2});
+            xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
 
-        // just iota is a bit boring since it will
-        // lead to an uniform variance
-        std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
-        for(std::size_t i=0; i<input_exp.size(); ++i)
-        {
-            if(i % 2)
+            // just iota is a bit boring since it will
+            // lead to an uniform variance
+            std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < input_exp.size(); ++i)
             {
-                input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+                if (i % 2)
+                {
+                    input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+                }
             }
-        }
 
-        std::vector<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>> axes_vec = {
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({1}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})
-        };
+            std::vector<dynamic_shape<std::size_t>> axes_vec = {
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({1}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})};
 
-        for(const auto & axes : axes_vec)
-        {
-            SUBCASE((std::string("axes = ") + stringify(axes)).c_str())
+            for (const auto& axes : axes_vec)
             {
-                auto reducer = tester_type::op(input_exp, chunk_shape, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
-                auto should_reducer = tester_type::should_op(input_exp, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
-                auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
+                SUBCASE((std::string("axes = ") + stringify(axes)).c_str())
+                {
+                    auto reducer = tester_type::op(input_exp, chunk_shape, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
+                    auto should_reducer = tester_type::should_op(input_exp, 2.0, axes, options_type{});
+                    auto should_result = xt::eval(should_reducer);
 
-                using should_result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(should_reducer)>::value_type;
-                using result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(reducer)>::value_type;
+                    using should_result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(should_reducer)>::value_type;
+                    using result_value_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(reducer)>::value_type;
 
-                SUBCASE("result_value_type")
-                {
-                    CHECK_UNARY(std::is_same<result_value_type, should_result_value_type>::value);
-                }
+                    SUBCASE("result_value_type")
+                    {
+                        CHECK_UNARY(std::is_same<result_value_type, should_result_value_type>::value);
+                    }
 
 
-                SUBCASE("shape")
-                {
-                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.dimension(), should_reducer.dimension());
-                    CHECK_EQ(reducer.shape(), should_reducer.shape());
-                }
+                    SUBCASE("shape")
+                    {
+                        CHECK_EQ(reducer.dimension(), should_reducer.dimension());
+                        CHECK_EQ(reducer.shape(), should_reducer.shape());
+                    }
 
-                SUBCASE("assign")
-                {
-                    auto result = xarray<result_value_type>::from_shape(reducer.shape());
-                    reducer.assign_to(result);
-                    CHECK_UNARY(xt::allclose(result, should_result));
+                    SUBCASE("assign")
+                    {
+                        auto result = xarray<result_value_type>::from_shape(reducer.shape());
+                        reducer.assign_to(result);
+                        CHECK_UNARY(xt::allclose(result, should_result));
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
+        TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(test_p_norm_values_id, test_p_norm_values_test_types);
 
-    }
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(test_p_norm_values_id, test_p_norm_values_test_types);
-
-    TEST_CASE("test_api")
-    {
-        SUBCASE("sum")
+        TEST_CASE("test_api")
         {
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
-            xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
-
-            SUBCASE("integral_axis")
-            {
-                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
-            }
-            SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
-            {
-                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
-            }
-            SUBCASE("array")
-            {
-                const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
-                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
-            }
-            SUBCASE("no options")
-            {
-                xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape);
-            }
-            SUBCASE("templated")
+            SUBCASE("sum")
             {
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21, 10, 5});
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5, 4, 2});
+                xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+
                 SUBCASE("integral_axis")
                 {
-                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
+                    xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
                 }
                 SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
                 {
-                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
+                    xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
                 }
                 SUBCASE("array")
                 {
                     const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
-                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
+                    xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
                 }
                 SUBCASE("no options")
                 {
-                    xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape);
+                    xt::blockwise::sum(input_exp, chunk_shape);
+                }
+                SUBCASE("templated")
+                {
+                    SUBCASE("integral_axis")
+                    {
+                        xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
+                    }
+                    SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
+                    {
+                        xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
+                    }
+                    SUBCASE("array")
+                    {
+                        const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
+                        xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
+                    }
+                    SUBCASE("no options")
+                    {
+                        xt::blockwise::sum<double>(input_exp, chunk_shape);
+                    }
                 }
             }
-        }
-        SUBCASE("l2_norm")
-        {
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21,10,5});
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5,4,2});
-            xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
-
-            SUBCASE("integral_axis")
-            {
-                xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
-            }
-            SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
-            {
-                xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
-            }
-            SUBCASE("array")
+            SUBCASE("l2_norm")
             {
-                const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
-                xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> shape({21, 10, 5});
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5, 4, 2});
+                xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
+
+                SUBCASE("integral_axis")
+                {
+                    xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, 1);
+                }
+                SUBCASE("initalizer_list_axis")
+                {
+                    xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, {1});
+                }
+                SUBCASE("array")
+                {
+                    const int axes[2] = {0, 1};
+                    xt::blockwise::norm_l2(input_exp, chunk_shape, axes);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
-}
 
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
index 011a58063..ad7f0c2d3 100644
--- a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 
-#include "test_common.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xbroadcast, broadcast)
     {
-        xarray<double> m1
-          {{1, 2, 3},
-           {4, 5, 6}};
+        xarray<double> m1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
 
         auto m1_broadcast = broadcast(m1, {1, 2, 3});
         ASSERT_EQ(1.0, m1_broadcast(0, 0, 0));
@@ -52,9 +51,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xbroadcast, element)
     {
-        xarray<double> m1
-          {{1, 2, 3},
-           {4, 5, 6}};
+        xarray<double> m1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
 
         auto m1_broadcast = broadcast(m1, {4, 2, 3});
 
@@ -68,15 +65,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xbroadcast, indexed_access)
     {
-        xarray<double> m1
-          {{ 1, 2, 3 },
-           { 4, 5, 6 }};
+        xarray<double> m1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
 
-        auto m1_broadcast = broadcast(m1, { 4, 2, 3 });
-        std::array<std::size_t, 3> index1 = { 0, 1, 1 };
+        auto m1_broadcast = broadcast(m1, {4, 2, 3});
+        std::array<std::size_t, 3> index1 = {0, 1, 1};
         ASSERT_EQ(5.0, m1_broadcast[index1]);
         ASSERT_EQ(5.0, (m1_broadcast[{0, 1, 1}]));
-        std::array<std::size_t, 4> index3 = { 4, 0, 1, 1 };
+        std::array<std::size_t, 4> index3 = {4, 0, 1, 1};
         ASSERT_EQ(5.0, m1_broadcast[index3]);
         ASSERT_EQ(5.0, (m1_broadcast[{4, 0, 1, 1}]));
     }
@@ -172,9 +167,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xbroadcast, same_shape)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::column_major> arr
-            {{ 0.0,  1.0,  2.0},
-             {10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
+        xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::column_major> arr{{0.0, 1.0, 2.0}, {10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
 
         auto t = xt::broadcast(arr, {2, 3});
 
@@ -183,9 +176,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(rm_arr, cm_arr));
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(0, 0),  0.0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(0, 1),  1.0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(0, 2),  2.0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(0, 0), 0.0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(0, 1), 1.0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(0, 2), 2.0);
         EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(1, 0), 10.0);
         EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(1, 1), 11.0);
         EXPECT_EQ(cm_arr(1, 2), 12.0);
diff --git a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
index 80f52bc74..f58e54620 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using buffer_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<double*>;
@@ -72,31 +72,30 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(adapt1[0], data2_ref);
     }
 
-    class size_check_allocator: public std::allocator<size_t>
+    class size_check_allocator : public std::allocator<size_t>
     {
-     public:
-      size_t* allocate(size_t n, const void *hint=0)
-      {
-        size_t* res = std::allocator<size_t>::allocate(n, hint);
-        // store the size into the result so we can
-        // check if the size is correct when we deallocate.
-        res[0] = n;
-        return res;
-      }
-
-      void deallocate(size_t* p, size_t n)
-      {
-        EXPECT_EQ(p[0], n);
-        return std::allocator<size_t>::deallocate(p, n);
-      }
+    public:
+
+        size_t* allocate(size_t n, const void* hint = 0)
+        {
+            size_t* res = std::allocator<size_t>::allocate(n, hint);
+            // store the size into the result so we can
+            // check if the size is correct when we deallocate.
+            res[0] = n;
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        void deallocate(size_t* p, size_t n)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(p[0], n);
+            return std::allocator<size_t>::deallocate(p, n);
+        }
     };
 
     TEST(xbuffer_adaptor, owner_move_assign_check_size)
     {
         size_check_allocator custom_allocator;
-        using owner_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<size_t*&,
-                                              acquire_ownership,
-                                              size_check_allocator>;
+        using owner_adaptor = xbuffer_adaptor<size_t*&, acquire_ownership, size_check_allocator>;
         size_t size1 = 100;
         size_t* data1 = custom_allocator.allocate(size1);
         owner_adaptor adapt1(data1, size1);
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 30a02225d..c4edd3ade 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #define VS_SKIP_CONCATENATE_FIXED 1
 #endif
 
-#include "test_common.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include <sstream>
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xbuilder, like)
     {
         bool type_equal = false;
-        auto arr = xarray<int>::from_shape({3,2,5});
+        auto arr = xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 5});
         auto xfx = xtensor_fixed<int, xt::xshape<3, 3, 3>>();
 
         auto onas = ones_like(arr);
@@ -371,9 +372,9 @@ namespace xt
         auto t = concatenate(xtuple(arange(2), arange(2, 5), arange(5, 8)));
         ASSERT_TRUE(arange(8) == t);
 
-        xt::xarray<double> fa = xt::ones<double>({ 3, 4, 5, 0 });
-        xt::xarray<double> sa = xt::ones<double>({ 3, 4, 5 });
-        xt::xarray<double> ta = xt::ones<double>({ 3, 4, 5, 3 });
+        xt::xarray<double> fa = xt::ones<double>({3, 4, 5, 0});
+        xt::xarray<double> sa = xt::ones<double>({3, 4, 5});
+        xt::xarray<double> ta = xt::ones<double>({3, 4, 5, 3});
 
         XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::concatenate(xt::xtuple(fa, sa)));
         XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::concatenate(xt::xtuple(fa, ta)));
@@ -427,7 +428,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xbuilder, access)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = { { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } },{ { 6, 7, 8 },{ 9, 10, 11 } } };
+        xarray<double> a = {{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}}, {{6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}}};
         auto c = concatenate(xtuple(a, a, a), 2);
         EXPECT_EQ(c(2, 3, 1, 1, 2), c(1, 1, 2));
     }
@@ -486,7 +487,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto c1 = hstack(xtuple(a1, b1));
         EXPECT_EQ(c1, e1);
 
-        xarray<int> a2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5 ,6}};
+        xarray<int> a2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         xarray<int> b2 = {{7, 8}, {9, 10}};
         xarray<int> e2 = {{1, 2, 3, 7, 8}, {4, 5, 6, 9, 10}};
         auto c2 = hstack(xtuple(a2, b2));
@@ -504,14 +505,14 @@ namespace xt
         a1.reshape({3, 1});
         xarray<int> b1 = b0;
         b1.reshape({3, 1});
-        xarray<int> e1 = { 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4 };
+        xarray<int> e1 = {1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4};
         e1.reshape({6, 1});
         auto c1 = vstack(xtuple(a1, b1));
         EXPECT_EQ(c1, e1);
 
-        xarray<int> a2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5 ,6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+        xarray<int> a2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
         xarray<int> b2 = {{10, 11, 12}};
-        xarray<int> e2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5 ,6}, {7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
+        xarray<int> e2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
         auto c2 = vstack(xtuple(a2, b2));
         EXPECT_EQ(c2, e2);
     }
@@ -539,17 +540,11 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> e = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
         xarray<double> t = xt::triu(e);
 
-        xarray<double> expected = {{1, 2, 3},
-                                   {0, 5, 6},
-                                   {0, 0, 9}};
+        xarray<double> expected = {{1, 2, 3}, {0, 5, 6}, {0, 0, 9}};
 
-        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{1, 2, 3},
-                                     {4, 5, 6},
-                                     {0, 8, 9}};
+        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {0, 8, 9}};
 
-        xarray<double> expected_3 = {{0, 2, 3},
-                                     {0, 0, 6},
-                                     {0, 0, 0}};
+        xarray<double> expected_3 = {{0, 2, 3}, {0, 0, 6}, {0, 0, 0}};
 
         ASSERT_EQ(size_t(2), t.dimension());
         shape_t expected_shape = {3, 3};
@@ -569,17 +564,11 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> e = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
         xarray<double> t = xt::tril(e);
 
-        xarray<double> expected = {{1, 0, 0},
-                                   {4, 5, 0},
-                                   {7, 8, 9}};
+        xarray<double> expected = {{1, 0, 0}, {4, 5, 0}, {7, 8, 9}};
 
-        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{1, 2, 0},
-                                     {4, 5, 6},
-                                     {7, 8, 9}};
+        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{1, 2, 0}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
 
-        xarray<double> expected_3 = {{0, 0, 0},
-                                     {4, 0, 0},
-                                     {7, 8, 0}};
+        xarray<double> expected_3 = {{0, 0, 0}, {4, 0, 0}, {7, 8, 0}};
 
         ASSERT_EQ(size_t(2), t.dimension());
         shape_t expected_shape = {3, 3};
@@ -617,19 +606,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xbuilder, diagonal_advanced)
     {
-        xarray<double> e = {{{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}},
-                             {{6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}}},
-                            {{{12, 13, 14}, {15, 16, 17}},
-                             {{18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23}}}};
+        xarray<double> e = {
+            {{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}}, {{6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}}},
+            {{{12, 13, 14}, {15, 16, 17}}, {{18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23}}}};
 
         xarray<double> d1 = xt::diagonal(e);
 
-        xarray<double> expected = {{{0, 18},
-                                    {1, 19},
-                                    {2, 20}},
-                                   {{3, 21},
-                                    {4, 22},
-                                    {5, 23}}};
+        xarray<double> expected = {{{0, 18}, {1, 19}, {2, 20}}, {{3, 21}, {4, 22}, {5, 23}}};
         ASSERT_EQ(expected, d1);
 
         std::vector<double> d2 = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11};
@@ -660,21 +643,21 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xbuilder, arange_broadcast)
     {
         auto a = arange<int>(1);
-        xarray<int> b = { 1, 2, 3 };
+        xarray<int> b = {1, 2, 3};
         xarray<int> res = a + b;
         EXPECT_EQ(res, b);
     }
 
     TEST(xbuilder, empty)
     {
-
         bool b = false;
 
         auto e1 = empty<double>({3, 4, 1});
         b = std::is_same<decltype(e1), xtensor<double, 3>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = std::is_same<decltype(empty<int, layout_type::column_major>({3,3,3})),
-                         xtensor<int, 3, layout_type::column_major>>::value;
+        b = std::is_same<
+            decltype(empty<int, layout_type::column_major>({3, 3, 3})),
+            xtensor<int, 3, layout_type::column_major>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(b);
 
         auto es = empty<double>(std::array<std::size_t, 3>{3, 4, 1});
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 8b0c7a4af..fafedacde 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using in_memory_chunked_array = xchunked_array<xarray<xarray<double>>>;
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(a[idx], val);
 
         val = 3.;
-        for (auto& it: a)
+        for (auto& it : a)
             it = val;
-        for (auto it: a)
+        for (auto it : a)
             ASSERT_EQ(it, val);
     }
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         val = 3.;
         a1 = broadcast(val, a1.shape());
-        for (const auto& v: a1)
+        for (const auto& v : a1)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, val);
         }
@@ -60,27 +60,24 @@ namespace xt
         auto a2 = chunked_array<double>(shape2, chunk_shape1);
 
         a2 = broadcast(val, a2.shape());
-        for (const auto& v: a2)
+        for (const auto& v : a2)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, val);
         }
 
         a2 += a2;
-        for (const auto& v: a2)
+        for (const auto& v : a2)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val);
         }
 
         a2 += 2.;
-        for (const auto& v: a2)
+        for (const auto& v : a2)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2. * val + 2.);
         }
 
-        xarray<double> a3
-          {{1., 2., 3.},
-           {4., 5., 6.},
-           {7., 8., 9.}};
+        xarray<double> a3{{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}, {7., 8., 9.}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a3), false);
 
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a4), true);
 
         double i = 1.;
-        for (const auto& v: a4)
+        for (const auto& v : a4)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, i);
             i += 1.;
@@ -98,14 +95,14 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto a5 = in_memory_chunked_array(a4);
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a5), true);
-        for (const auto& v: a5.chunk_shape())
+        for (const auto& v : a5.chunk_shape())
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 2);
         }
 
         auto a6 = chunked_array(a3);
         EXPECT_EQ(is_chunked(a6), true);
-        for (const auto& v: a6.chunk_shape())
+        for (const auto& v : a6.chunk_shape())
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(v, 3);
         }
@@ -154,8 +151,8 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 for (size_t k = 0; k < 5; ++k)
                 {
-                    EXPECT_EQ(*((*it).begin()), a(2*i, 2*j, 2*k));
-                    EXPECT_EQ(*((*cit).cbegin()), a(2*i, 2*j, 2*k));
+                    EXPECT_EQ(*((*it).begin()), a(2 * i, 2 * j, 2 * k));
+                    EXPECT_EQ(*((*cit).cbegin()), a(2 * i, 2 * j, 2 * k));
                     ++it;
                     ++cit;
                 }
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
index 99b260a3a..212664868 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xchunked_view, iterate)
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {3, 4};
         std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {1, 2};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.begin());
         xarray<double> b(shape);
 
diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index 2ad02575c..848847705 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <complex>
+
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
@@ -17,18 +16,17 @@
 #include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
-
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace std::complex_literals;
 
     TEST(xcomplex, expression)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> e =
-            {{1.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
-             {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0       }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> e = {{1.0, 1.0 + 1.0i}, {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0}};
 
         // Test real expression
         auto r = real(e);
@@ -54,15 +52,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, lvalue)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> e =
-            {{1.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
-             {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0       }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> e = {{1.0, 1.0 + 1.0i}, {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0}};
 
         // Test assigning an expression to the complex view
         real(e) = zeros<double>({2, 2});
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> expect1 =
-            {{0.0       , 0.0 + 1.0i},
-             {0.0 - 1.0i, 0.0       }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> expect1 = {{0.0, 0.0 + 1.0i}, {0.0 - 1.0i, 0.0}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(e, expect1)));
 
         imag(e) = zeros<double>({2, 2});
@@ -71,15 +65,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, scalar_assignmnent)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> e =
-            {{1.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
-             {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0       }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> e = {{1.0, 1.0 + 1.0i}, {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0}};
 
         // Test assigning an expression to the complex view
         real(e) = 0.0;
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> expect1 =
-            {{0.0       , 0.0 + 1.0i},
-             {0.0 - 1.0i, 0.0       }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> expect1 = {{0.0, 0.0 + 1.0i}, {0.0 - 1.0i, 0.0}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(e, expect1)));
     }
 
@@ -103,9 +93,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, pointer)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> e =
-            {{1.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
-             {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0       }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> e = {{1.0, 1.0 + 1.0i}, {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0}};
         auto r = real(e);
         auto it = r.begin();
         EXPECT_EQ(*(it.operator->()), 1.0);
@@ -113,28 +101,32 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, arg)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
-                                                  {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-                                                  {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
+            {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
+            {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
         xarray<double> res = xt::arg(cmplarg_0);
-
     }
+
     TEST(xcomplex, abs_angle_conj)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
-                                                  {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-                                                  {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
+            {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
+            {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
         auto cmplres = xt::abs(cmplarg_0);
-        xarray<double> cmplexpected = {{0.81745298, 0.75933774, 0.44016704},
-                                       {0.54959488, 1.01524554, 0.69331814},
-                                       {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}};
+        xarray<double> cmplexpected = {
+            {0.81745298, 0.75933774, 0.44016704},
+            {0.54959488, 1.01524554, 0.69331814},
+            {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}};
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(cmplexpected, cmplres));
 
         auto cmplres_angle = xt::angle(cmplarg_0);
-        xarray<double> cmplexpected_angle = {{1.05805307, 0.59857922, 0.74302273},
-                                             {1.10923689, 0.81712241, 0.54213553},
-                                             {0.58362348, 0.97881125, 1.35044673}};
+        xarray<double> cmplexpected_angle = {
+            {1.05805307, 0.59857922, 0.74302273},
+            {1.10923689, 0.81712241, 0.54213553},
+            {0.58362348, 0.97881125, 1.35044673}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(cmplexpected_angle, cmplres_angle));
 
         using assign_t_angle = xassign_traits<xarray<double>, decltype(cmplres_angle)>;
@@ -144,9 +136,10 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
 
         auto cmplres_conj = xt::conj(cmplarg_0);
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplexpected_conj = {{0.40101756 - 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 - 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 - 0.2977805i},
-                                                          {0.24475928 - 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 - 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 - 0.35772892i},
-                                                          {0.63179202 - 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 - 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 - 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplexpected_conj = {
+            {0.40101756 - 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 - 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 - 0.2977805i},
+            {0.24475928 - 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 - 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 - 0.35772892i},
+            {0.63179202 - 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 - 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 - 0.37380143i}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(cmplexpected_conj, cmplres_conj));
 
         using assign_t_conj = xassign_traits<xarray<std::complex<double>>, decltype(cmplres_conj)>;
@@ -160,9 +153,10 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
 
         auto cmplres_norm = xt::norm(cmplarg_0);
-        xarray<double> fieldnorm = {{0.66822937, 0.5765938, 0.19374703},
-                                    {0.30205453, 1.0307235, 0.48069004},
-                                    {0.57322529, 0.62248637, 0.14673763}};
+        xarray<double> fieldnorm = {
+            {0.66822937, 0.5765938, 0.19374703},
+            {0.30205453, 1.0307235, 0.48069004},
+            {0.57322529, 0.62248637, 0.14673763}};
 
         using assign_t_norm = xassign_traits<xarray<double>, decltype(cmplres_norm)>;
 
@@ -175,9 +169,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, arg)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
-                                                  {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-                                                  {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
+            {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
+            {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
         auto cmplres = xt::arg(cmplarg_0);
 
         auto evc = xt::eval(cmplres);
@@ -195,14 +190,14 @@ namespace xt
 #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
         EXPECT_TRUE(assign_t_arg::simd_linear_assign());
 #endif
-
     }
 
     TEST(xcomplex, conj_real)
     {
-        xarray<double> A = {{0.81745298, 0.75933774, 0.44016704},
-                            {0.54959488, 1.01524554, 0.69331814},
-                            {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}};
+        xarray<double> A = {
+            {0.81745298, 0.75933774, 0.44016704},
+            {0.54959488, 1.01524554, 0.69331814},
+            {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}};
         xarray<double> B = xt::real(xt::conj(A));
         EXPECT_EQ(A, B);
     }
@@ -231,13 +226,15 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, isclose)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> arg = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
-                                            {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-                                            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> arg = {
+            {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
+            {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
 
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> compare = {{0.401 + 0.712i, 0.627 + 0.427i, 0.324 + 0.297i},
-                                                {0.244 + 0.492i, 0.694 + 0.740i, 0.593 + 0.357i},
-                                                {0.631 + 0.417i, 0.440 + 0.654i, 0.083 + 0.373i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> compare = {
+            {0.401 + 0.712i, 0.627 + 0.427i, 0.324 + 0.297i},
+            {0.244 + 0.492i, 0.694 + 0.740i, 0.593 + 0.357i},
+            {0.631 + 0.417i, 0.440 + 0.654i, 0.083 + 0.373i}};
 
         auto veryclose = isclose(arg, compare, 1e-5);
         auto looselyclose = isclose(arg, compare, 1e-1);
@@ -256,17 +253,14 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(isclose(c_t(inf, -inf), c_t(0, inf))() == false);
         EXPECT_TRUE(isclose(c_t(5, 5), c_t(5, -5))() == false);
-
     }
 
     TEST(xcomplex, real_expression)
     {
         using cpx = std::complex<double>;
-        xtensor<cpx, 2> a = {{ cpx(1, 1), cpx(-1, 1), cpx(-2, -2) },
-                             { cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, 1), cpx(2, 2) }};
+        xtensor<cpx, 2> a = {{cpx(1, 1), cpx(-1, 1), cpx(-2, -2)}, {cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, 1), cpx(2, 2)}};
 
-        xtensor<double, 2> exp = {{2, -2, -4},
-                                  {-2, 0, 4}};
+        xtensor<double, 2> exp = {{2, -2, -4}, {-2, 0, 4}};
         xtensor<double, 2> res = real(a + a);
         EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
     }
@@ -274,24 +268,29 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xcomplex, conj)
     {
         using cpx = std::complex<double>;
-        xtensor<cpx, 2> a = {{ cpx(1, 1), cpx(-1, 1), cpx(-2, -2) },
-                             { cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, 1), cpx(2, 2) }};
+        xtensor<cpx, 2> a = {{cpx(1, 1), cpx(-1, 1), cpx(-2, -2)}, {cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, 1), cpx(2, 2)}};
         xtensor<cpx, 2> res = conj(a);
-        xtensor<cpx, 2> exp = {{ cpx(1, -1), cpx(-1, -1), cpx(-2, 2) },
-                             { cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, -1), cpx(2, -2) }};
+        xtensor<cpx, 2> exp = {{cpx(1, -1), cpx(-1, -1), cpx(-2, 2)}, {cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, -1), cpx(2, -2)}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
     }
 
     TEST(xcomplex, exp)
     {
-        xt::xarray<float> ph = {274.7323f, 276.3974f, 274.7323f, 276.3974f, 274.7323f, 276.3974f, 274.7323f, 276.3974f};
+        xt::xarray<float> ph =
+            {274.7323f, 276.3974f, 274.7323f, 276.3974f, 274.7323f, 276.3974f, 274.7323f, 276.3974f};
         xt::xarray<std::complex<float>> input = ph * std::complex<float>(0, 1.f);
         xt::xarray<std::complex<float>> res = xt::exp(input);
-        auto expected = xt::xarray<std::complex<float>>::from_shape({ size_t(8) });
-        std::transform(input.cbegin(), input.cend(), expected.begin(), [](const std::complex<float>& arg) {
-            return std::exp(arg);
-        });
+        auto expected = xt::xarray<std::complex<float>>::from_shape({size_t(8)});
+        std::transform(
+            input.cbegin(),
+            input.cend(),
+            expected.begin(),
+            [](const std::complex<float>& arg)
+            {
+                return std::exp(arg);
+            }
+        );
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
     }
 
@@ -312,7 +311,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, build_from_double)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> r = { 1., 2., 3. };
+        xt::xarray<double> r = {1., 2., 3.};
         xt::xarray<std::complex<double>> rc(r);
         EXPECT_EQ(rc(0).real(), r(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(rc(1).real(), r(1));
@@ -322,23 +321,21 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xcomplex, xcomplex)
     {
         using complex_type = xtl::xcomplex<double>;
-        xt::xarray<complex_type> a = xt::ones<complex_type>(std::vector<size_t>(3,7));
+        xt::xarray<complex_type> a = xt::ones<complex_type>(std::vector<size_t>(3, 7));
 
-        auto simd_loaded = a.template load_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode, complex_type, xt_simd::simd_traits<complex_type>::size>(0);
-        (void)simd_loaded;
+        auto simd_loaded = a.template load_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode, complex_type, xt_simd::simd_traits<complex_type>::size>(
+            0
+        );
+        (void) simd_loaded;
     }
 
     TEST(xcomplex, view)
     {
-
         using cpx = std::complex<double>;
-        xt::xtensor<cpx, 2> a = {
-            { cpx(1, 1), cpx(-1, 1), cpx(-2, -2) },
-            { cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, 1), cpx(2, 2) }
-        };
+        xt::xtensor<cpx, 2> a = {{cpx(1, 1), cpx(-1, 1), cpx(-2, -2)}, {cpx(-1, 0), cpx(0, 1), cpx(2, 2)}};
 
         xtensor<cpx, 1> c = conj(view(a, 0, xt::all()));
-        xtensor<cpx ,1> exp_conj = {cpx(1, -1), cpx(-1, -1), cpx(-2, 2)};
+        xtensor<cpx, 1> exp_conj = {cpx(1, -1), cpx(-1, -1), cpx(-2, 2)};
         EXPECT_EQ(c, exp_conj);
 
         xtensor<double, 1> r = real(view(a, 0, xt::all()));
diff --git a/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
index 9027b4cc5..05dc26e30 100644
--- a/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcontainer_semantic.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    #define CONTAINER_SEMANTIC_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
+#define CONTAINER_SEMANTIC_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_and_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_and_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_and<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_or_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_or_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_or<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_xor_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_xor_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_xor<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_plus_equal_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_minus_equal_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_times_equal_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_divide_by_equal_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_and_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_and_equal_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_and<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_or_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_or_equal_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_or<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_xor_equal_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("a_bitwise_xor_equal_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_xor<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_plus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_plus_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::plus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_minus_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_minus_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::minus<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_multiplies_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_multiplies_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::multiplies<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_divides_by_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_divides_by_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::divides<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_and_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_and_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_and<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_or_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_or_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_or<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_xor_b",TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
+    TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_a_bitwise_xor_b", TypeParam, xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic)
     {
         operation_tester<std::bit_xor<>, TypeParam> tester;
 
@@ -688,6 +688,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    #undef CONTAINER_SEMANTIC_TYPES
+#undef CONTAINER_SEMANTIC_TYPES
 }
+
 TEST_SUITE_END();
diff --git a/test/test_xcsv.cpp b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
index c3da0b27d..cffb7b596 100644
--- a/test/test_xcsv.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
@@ -1,65 +1,57 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-
-#include <sstream>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
 
 #include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xcsv, load_double)
     {
-        std::string source =
-            "1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0\n"
-            "10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0";
+        std::string source = "1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0\n"
+                             "10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0";
 
         std::stringstream source_stream(source);
 
         xtensor<double, 2> res = load_csv<double>(source_stream);
 
-        xtensor<double, 2> exp
-            {{ 1.0,  2.0,  3.0,  4.0},
-             {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
+        xtensor<double, 2> exp{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}, {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
     }
 
     TEST(xcsv, load_double_with_options)
     {
-        std::string source =
-            "A B C D\n"
-            "#0.0 1.0 1.1 1.2\n"
-            "1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0\n"
-            "10.0 12.0 15.0 18.0\n"
-            "9.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.";
+        std::string source = "A B C D\n"
+                             "#0.0 1.0 1.1 1.2\n"
+                             "1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0\n"
+                             "10.0 12.0 15.0 18.0\n"
+                             "9.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.";
 
         std::stringstream source_stream(source);
 
         auto res = load_csv<double>(source_stream, ' ', 1, 2, "#");
 
-        xtensor<double, 2> exp
-            {{ 1.0,  2.0,  3.0,  4.0},
-             {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
+        xtensor<double, 2> exp{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}, {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
     }
 
     TEST(xcsv, dump_double)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 2> data
-            {{ 1.0,  2.0,  3.0,  4.0},
-             {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
+        xtensor<double, 2> data{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}, {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
 
         std::stringstream res;
 
diff --git a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
index 2e05d234b..dcae42262 100644
--- a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ == 7) && (__cplusplus == 201703L)
 #warning "test_xdatesupport.cpp has been deactivated because it leads to internal compiler error"
 #else
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-
 #include <chrono>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
-    using days            = std::chrono::duration<long long, std::ratio<3600 * 24>>;
+    using days = std::chrono::duration<long long, std::ratio<3600 * 24>>;
     using days_time_point = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, days>;
     using tp = std::chrono::system_clock::time_point;
 
@@ -39,12 +39,11 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xdate, xarray_of_dates)
     {
         xt::xarray<days_time_point> dates(
-            {
-                days_time_point{days{300}},
-                days_time_point{days{400}},
-                days_time_point{days{600}},
-                days_time_point{days{10000}}
-            });
+            {days_time_point{days{300}},
+             days_time_point{days{400}},
+             days_time_point{days{600}},
+             days_time_point{days{10000}}}
+        );
 
         xt::xarray<days> durations({days{300}, days{400}, days{600}, days{10000}});
 
@@ -60,18 +59,21 @@ namespace xt
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
     TEST(xdate, date_arange)
     {
-        xarray<tp> tarr = xt::arange<tp>(std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
-                                         std::chrono::system_clock::now() + std::chrono::hours(15),
-                                         std::chrono::hours(1));
+        xarray<tp> tarr = xt::arange<tp>(
+            std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
+            std::chrono::system_clock::now() + std::chrono::hours(15),
+            std::chrono::hours(1)
+        );
         EXPECT_TRUE(tarr.storage().back() > tarr.storage().front());
     }
 #endif
 
     TEST(xdate, xfunction)
     {
-        xarray<tp> tarr = { std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
-                            std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
-                            std::chrono::system_clock::now() };
+        xarray<tp> tarr = {
+            std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
+            std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
+            std::chrono::system_clock::now()};
 
         auto hours = std::chrono::hours(15);
 
@@ -89,4 +91,4 @@ namespace xt
     }
 }
 
-#endif // defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ == 7) && (__cplusplus == 201703L)
+#endif  // defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ == 7) && (__cplusplus == 201703L)
diff --git a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
index 21df8c871..f6362c1ab 100644
--- a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -26,14 +26,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xdynamic_view, keep)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { {{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                           {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                           {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                          {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                           {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                           {20, 21, 22, 23}} };
-
-        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ 1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4) }));
+        xarray<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+
+        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.dimension(), size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.shape()[0], size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.shape()[1], size_t(3));
@@ -44,7 +41,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view0(1, 1), a(1, 2, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0(1, 2), a(1, 2, 3));
 
-        auto view1 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ all(), 1, keep(0, 2, 3) }));
+        auto view1 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({all(), 1, keep(0, 2, 3)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1.dimension(), size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1.shape()[0], size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1.shape()[1], size_t(3));
@@ -55,10 +52,10 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view1(1, 1), a(1, 1, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1(1, 2), a(1, 1, 3));
 
-        auto view2 = dynamic_view(a, { all(), 1, keep(0, 2, 3) });
+        auto view2 = dynamic_view(a, {all(), 1, keep(0, 2, 3)});
         EXPECT_EQ(view1, view2);
 
-        auto view3 = dynamic_view(a, { all(), 1, newaxis(), keep(0, 2, 3) });
+        auto view3 = dynamic_view(a, {all(), 1, newaxis(), keep(0, 2, 3)});
         EXPECT_EQ(view3.dimension(), size_t(3));
         EXPECT_EQ(view3.shape()[0], size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view3.shape()[1], size_t(1));
@@ -70,23 +67,20 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view3(1, 0, 1), a(1, 1, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view3(1, 0, 2), a(1, 1, 3));
 
-        auto view4 = dynamic_view(a, { 1, keep(0, 2), xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(1, 4) });
+        auto view4 = dynamic_view(a, {1, keep(0, 2), xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(1, 4)});
         EXPECT_EQ(view0, view4);
 
-        auto view5 = dynamic_view(a, { 1, keep(0, 2), xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>(1, 4, 1) });
+        auto view5 = dynamic_view(a, {1, keep(0, 2), xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>(1, 4, 1)});
         EXPECT_EQ(view0, view5);
     }
 
     TEST(xdynamic_view, keep_iterator)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { {{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                           {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                           {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                          {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                           {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                           {20, 21, 22, 23}} };
-
-        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ 1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4) }));
+        xarray<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+
+        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4)}));
         auto iter = view0.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
         auto iter_end = view0.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
 
@@ -107,14 +101,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xdynamic_view, drop)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { {{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                           {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                           {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                          {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                           {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                           {20, 21, 22, 23}} };
-
-        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ 1, drop(1), range(1, 4) }));
+        xarray<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+
+        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, drop(1), range(1, 4)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.dimension(), size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.shape()[0], size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.shape()[1], size_t(3));
@@ -125,7 +116,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view0(1, 1), a(1, 2, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0(1, 2), a(1, 2, 3));
 
-        auto view1 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ all(), 1, drop(1, 2) }));
+        auto view1 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({all(), 1, drop(1, 2)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1.dimension(), size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1.shape()[0], size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1.shape()[1], size_t(2));
@@ -134,7 +125,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view1(1, 0), a(1, 1, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1(1, 1), a(1, 1, 3));
 
-        auto view3 = dynamic_view(a, { all(), 1, newaxis(), drop(1, 2) });
+        auto view3 = dynamic_view(a, {all(), 1, newaxis(), drop(1, 2)});
         EXPECT_EQ(view3.dimension(), size_t(3));
         EXPECT_EQ(view3.shape()[0], size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(view3.shape()[1], size_t(1));
@@ -147,14 +138,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xdynamic_view, drop_iterator)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { {{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                           {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                           {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                          {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                           {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                           {20, 21, 22, 23}} };
-
-        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ 1, drop(1), range(1, 4) }));
+        xarray<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+
+        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, drop(1), range(1, 4)}));
         auto iter = view0.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
         auto iter_end = view0.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
 
@@ -175,17 +163,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xdynamic_view, semantic)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { {{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                           {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                           {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                          {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                           {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                           {20, 21, 22, 23}} };
-
-        xarray<int> b1 = { {13, 14, 15}, {21, 22, 23} };
-        xarray<int> b2 = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5} };
+        xarray<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+
+        xarray<int> b1 = {{13, 14, 15}, {21, 22, 23}};
+        xarray<int> b2 = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
         xarray<int> exp = b1 + b2;
-        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, { 1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4) });
+        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, {1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4)});
         view0 += b2;
         EXPECT_EQ(view0, exp);
     }
@@ -214,7 +199,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(as.size(), 11);
         EXPECT_EQ(as(0), 0);
 
-        auto as2  = au.convert<std::ptrdiff_t>();
+        auto as2 = au.convert<std::ptrdiff_t>();
         EXPECT_EQ(as2, as);
 
         xnewaxis<std::size_t> nau;
@@ -225,7 +210,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto nas2 = nau.convert<std::ptrdiff_t>();
         EXPECT_EQ(nas2, nas);
 
-        xkeep_slice<std::ptrdiff_t> ks({ 2, 3, -1 });
+        xkeep_slice<std::ptrdiff_t> ks({2, 3, -1});
         ks.normalize(6);
         xkeep_slice<std::size_t> ku(ks);
         EXPECT_EQ(ku.size(), std::size_t(3));
@@ -239,7 +224,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto ks2 = ku.convert<std::size_t>();
         EXPECT_EQ(ks2, ks);
 
-        xdrop_slice<std::ptrdiff_t> ds({ 2, 3, -1 });
+        xdrop_slice<std::ptrdiff_t> ds({2, 3, -1});
         ds.normalize(6);
         xdrop_slice<std::size_t> du(ds);
         EXPECT_EQ(du.size(), std::size_t(3));
@@ -258,7 +243,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xarray<float> array(xt::random::rand<float>({5, 4}));
         auto v = xt::view(array, xt::keep(2), xt::all());
-        auto res  = xt::xarray<float>(xt::dynamic_view(v, {xt::keep(0)}));
+        auto res = xt::xarray<float>(xt::dynamic_view(v, {xt::keep(0)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(res(1), array(2, 1));
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xeval.cpp b/test/test_xeval.cpp
index 8f3f17b21..116b33ce5 100644
--- a/test/test_xeval.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xeval.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common.hpp"
-
-#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xeval.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xeval.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -59,48 +59,44 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(type_eq_2);
     }
 
+#define EXPECT_LAYOUT(EXPRESSION, LAYOUT) EXPECT_TRUE((decltype(EXPRESSION)::static_layout == LAYOUT))
 
-#define EXPECT_LAYOUT(EXPRESSION, LAYOUT)                         \
-  EXPECT_TRUE((decltype(EXPRESSION)::static_layout == LAYOUT))
-
-#define HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(EXPRESSION)                            \
-  has_data_interface<std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>>::value
-
-#define EXPECT_XARRAY(EXPRESSION)                                    \
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!detail::is_array<                                     \
-                        typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)   \
-                                >::shape_type>::value)
+#define HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(EXPRESSION) has_data_interface<std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>>::value
 
-#define EXPECT_XTENSOR(EXPRESSION)                                   \
-  EXPECT_TRUE(detail::is_array<                                      \
-                        typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)   \
-                                >::shape_type>::value == true)
+#define EXPECT_XARRAY(EXPRESSION) \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!detail::is_array<typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::shape_type>::value)
 
+#define EXPECT_XTENSOR(EXPRESSION) \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(detail::is_array<typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::shape_type>::value == true)
 
     TEST(utils, has_same_layout)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major> ten1 {1., 2., 3.2};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major> ten1{1., 2., 3.2};
         EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::row_major>(ten1));
         EXPECT_FALSE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::column_major>(ten1));
         EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::any>(ten1));
 
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::column_major> ten2 {1., 2., 3.2};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::column_major> ten2{1., 2., 3.2};
         EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::column_major>(ten2));
         EXPECT_FALSE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::row_major>(ten2));
         EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_same_layout<layout_type::any>(ten2));
 
         EXPECT_FALSE((detail::has_same_layout(ten1, ten2)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_same_layout(ten1, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2}))));
-        EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_same_layout(ten2, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::column_major>({1., 2., 3.2}))));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            (detail::has_same_layout(ten1, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})))
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            (detail::has_same_layout(ten2, xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::column_major>({1., 2., 3.2})))
+        );
     }
 
     TEST(utils, has_fixed_dims)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> ten {1., 2., 3.2};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> ten{1., 2., 3.2};
         EXPECT_TRUE((detail::has_fixed_dims<xt::xtensor<double, 1>>()));
         EXPECT_TRUE(detail::has_fixed_dims(ten));
 
-        xt::xarray<double> arr {1., 2., 3.2};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr{1., 2., 3.2};
         EXPECT_FALSE((detail::has_fixed_dims<xt::xarray<double>>()));
         EXPECT_FALSE(detail::has_fixed_dims(arr));
     }
@@ -124,14 +120,14 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     namespace testing
-    { // avoid collision with fixture class
+    {  // avoid collision with fixture class
 
-        class as_strided: public ::testing::Test
+        class as_strided : public ::testing::Test
         {
-            protected:
+        protected:
 
-                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major> ten {1., 2., 3.2};
-                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> arr {1., 2., 3.2};
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major> ten{1., 2., 3.2};
+            xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> arr{1., 2., 3.2};
         };
 
         TEST_F(as_strided, array_reference)
@@ -159,8 +155,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
 
             auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
-                                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
-                                );
+                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+            );
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
@@ -176,8 +172,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
 
             auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
-                                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
-                                );
+                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+            );
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
@@ -193,8 +189,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
 
             auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
-                                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
-                                );
+                xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+            );
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
@@ -210,8 +206,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3.2);
 
             auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
-                                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
-                                );
+                xt::xtensor<double, 1, layout_type::row_major>({1., 2., 3.2})
+            );
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
@@ -230,9 +226,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_XARRAY(res_lvalue);
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
 
-            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
-                                xt::cast<int>(arr)
-                                );
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(xt::cast<int>(arr));
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
@@ -251,9 +245,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_lvalue);
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
 
-            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(
-                                xt::cast<int>(ten)
-                                );
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::row_major>(xt::cast<int>(ten));
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
@@ -272,9 +264,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_XARRAY(res_lvalue);
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
 
-            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
-                                xt::cast<int>(arr)
-                                );
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(xt::cast<int>(arr));
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XARRAY(res_rvalue);
@@ -293,9 +283,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_lvalue);
             EXPECT_EQ(res_lvalue(2), 3);
 
-            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(
-                                xt::cast<int>(ten)
-                                );
+            auto res_rvalue = xt::as_strided<layout_type::column_major>(xt::cast<int>(ten));
             EXPECT_LAYOUT(res_rvalue, layout_type::column_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(res_rvalue));
             EXPECT_XTENSOR(res_rvalue);
diff --git a/test/test_xexception.cpp b/test/test_xexception.cpp
index 88b67cea4..1da7ce207 100644
--- a/test/test_xexception.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexception.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
 #define XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xexception.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
index c5684e653..20d333025 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
@@ -1,32 +1,33 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include <sstream>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     auto fun()
     {
-        auto sa = make_xshared(xarray<double>({{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}}));
+        auto sa = make_xshared(xarray<double>({{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}}));
         return sa + sa * sa - sa;
     }
 
     TEST(xexpression, shared_basic)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
-        xarray<double> ca = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<double> ca = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
 
         auto sa = make_xshared(std::move(a));
 
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xexpression, shared_iterator)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
-        xarray<double> ca = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<double> ca = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
 
         auto sa = make_xshared(std::move(a));
 
@@ -82,8 +83,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xexpression, shared_xfunctions)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
-        xarray<double> ca = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<double> ca = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
         xarray<double> acopy(a);
 
         auto sa = make_xshared(std::move(a));
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xexpression, shared_expr_return)
     {
         auto expr = fun();
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
         EXPECT_EQ(expr, a * a);
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp b/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
index b1cdf9c9a..2b3b41dfc 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
@@ -1,28 +1,26 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp"
-
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xexpression_holder, ctor)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
-        xarray<double> b = {{3,2,1}, {5,6,7}};
-        xarray<double> c = {{56,5,2}, {4,2,6}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<double> b = {{3, 2, 1}, {5, 6, 7}};
+        xarray<double> c = {{56, 5, 2}, {4, 2, 6}};
 
         xexpression_holder holder_a = xexpression_holder(a);
         xexpression_holder holder_b(b);
@@ -31,9 +29,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xexpression_holder, assign)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
-        xarray<double> b = {{3,2,1}, {5,6,7}};
-        xarray<double> c = {{56,5,2}, {4,2,6}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<double> b = {{3, 2, 1}, {5, 6, 7}};
+        xarray<double> c = {{56, 5, 2}, {4, 2, 6}};
 
         xexpression_holder holder_a = xexpression_holder(a);
         xexpression_holder holder_b(b);
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xexpression_holder, to_json)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
         xexpression_holder holder_a = xexpression_holder(a);
 
         nlohmann::json json_out;
@@ -58,8 +56,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xexpression_holder, from_json)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
-        xarray<double> b = {{5,6,7,8}, {1,2,3,4}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xarray<double> b = {{5, 6, 7, 8}, {1, 2, 3, 4}};
 
         xexpression_holder holder_a = xexpression_holder(a);
 
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
index 5763faafe..2a931d3cf 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xexpression_traits, common_tensor_deduction)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> a1 {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> a2 {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+        xt::xarray<double> a1{0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> a2{0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
         xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3>> a3({0.0, 0.0, 0.0});
 
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<xt::common_tensor_type_t<decltype(a1), decltype(a1)>, decltype(a1)>::value));
@@ -35,9 +36,9 @@ namespace xt
         auto sum3 = a2 + a3;
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<xt::common_tensor_type_t<decltype(a2), decltype(sum3)>, decltype(a2)>::value));
 
-        xt::xarray<double> b1 {{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}};
-        xt::xtensor<double, 2> b2 {{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}};
-        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3,3>> b3({{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}});
+        xt::xarray<double> b1{{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> b2{{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}};
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 3>> b3({{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}});
 
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<xt::common_tensor_type_t<decltype(b1), decltype(b1)>, decltype(b1)>::value));
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<xt::common_tensor_type_t<decltype(b2), decltype(b2)>, decltype(b2)>::value));
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index 0a65cbd5a..50a8543e2 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
 #define VS_SKIP_XFIXED 1
@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@
 // an easy way to prevent compilation
 #ifndef VS_SKIP_XFIXED
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 // On VS2015, when compiling in x86 mode, alignas(T) leads to C2718
 // when used for a function parameter, even indirectly. This means that
@@ -96,7 +97,9 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtensor_fixed, strides)
     {
         xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 7, 2, 5, 3>, layout_type::row_major> arm;
-        xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::row_major> brm = xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::row_major>::from_shape({3, 7, 2, 5, 3});
+        xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::row_major> brm = xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::row_major>::from_shape(
+            {3, 7, 2, 5, 3}
+        );
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(arm.strides().begin(), arm.strides().end(), brm.strides().begin()));
         EXPECT_EQ(arm.strides().size(), brm.strides().size());
@@ -105,7 +108,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(arm.size(), std::size_t(3 * 7 * 2 * 5 * 3));
 
         xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 7, 2, 5, 3>, layout_type::column_major> acm;
-        xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::column_major> bcm = xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::column_major>::from_shape({3, 7, 2, 5, 3});
+        xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::column_major>
+            bcm = xtensor<double, 5, layout_type::column_major>::from_shape({3, 7, 2, 5, 3});
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(acm.strides().begin(), acm.strides().end(), bcm.strides().begin()));
         EXPECT_EQ(acm.strides().size(), bcm.strides().size());
@@ -131,7 +135,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(tt1[1], sc2[1]);
         EXPECT_EQ(tt1[2], sc2[2]);
 
-        auto sc3c = get_strides<layout_type::column_major, const_array<ptrdiff_t, 6>>(xshape<3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3>());
+        auto sc3c = get_strides<layout_type::column_major, const_array<ptrdiff_t, 6>>(xshape<3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3>()
+        );
         auto sc3r = get_strides<layout_type::row_major, const_array<ptrdiff_t, 6>>(xshape<3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3>());
         std::vector<std::size_t> ts2({3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3}), tt2(6);
 
@@ -142,7 +147,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3>> saxa;
         xtensor<double, 6> saxt(std::array<std::size_t, 6>{3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3});
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(saxa.backstrides().begin(), saxa.backstrides().end(), saxt.backstrides().begin()));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(saxa.backstrides().begin(), saxa.backstrides().end(), saxt.backstrides().begin())
+        );
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor_fixed, adapt)
@@ -193,38 +199,38 @@ namespace xt
 
     auto check_shape_a()
     {
-        xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>> a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}, {9,10,11,12}, {9,10,11,12}};
+        xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
         return a;
     }
 
     auto check_shape_b()
     {
-        xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>> a({{1,2}, {5,6,7,8}, {9,10,11,12}});
+        xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>> a({{1, 2}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}});
         return a;
     }
 
     auto check_shape_c()
     {
-        xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>> a = {{1,2,3}, {5,6,7}, {9,10,11}};
+        xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {5, 6, 7}, {9, 10, 11}};
         return a;
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor_fixed, initializer_list_constructor)
     {
         using T = xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>>;
-        T a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}, {9,10,11,12}};
+        T a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
 
-    #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
+#ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
         XT_EXPECT_THROW(T{{1}}, std::runtime_error);
         XT_EXPECT_THROW(check_shape_a(), std::runtime_error);
         XT_EXPECT_THROW(check_shape_b(), std::runtime_error);
         XT_EXPECT_THROW(check_shape_c(), std::runtime_error);
-    #endif
+#endif
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor_fixed, transpose)
     {
-        xtensorf3x4 a = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}, {9,10,11,12}};
+        xtensorf3x4 a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
         xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<4, 3>> ta = xt::transpose(a);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), ta(1, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 1), ta(1, 2));
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ namespace xt
         truth = std::is_same<decltype(e2), xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
 
-        xtensor_fixed<char, xshape<   2, 1, 10, 5>> xa;
+        xtensor_fixed<char, xshape<2, 1, 10, 5>> xa;
         xtensor_fixed<char, xshape<3, 2, 4, 10, 1>> xb;
 
         auto fx1 = xa * xb;
@@ -266,7 +272,7 @@ namespace xt
         truth = std::is_same<typename decltype(fx2)::shape_type, xshape<3, 2, 4, 10, 5>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
 
-        xtensor_fixed<char, xshape<   2, 1, 10, 5>> xc;
+        xtensor_fixed<char, xshape<2, 1, 10, 5>> xc;
         auto fx3 = xa * xc;
         truth = std::is_same<typename decltype(fx3)::shape_type, xshape<2, 1, 10, 5>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
@@ -274,10 +280,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor_fixed, adaptor_function_assignment)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double, 4> a_Eps  = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2, 2, 2});
+        xt::xtensor<double, 4> a_Eps = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2, 2, 2});
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> a_Epsd = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2, 2, 2});
         std::size_t e = 0, k = 1;
-        auto Eps  = xt::adapt(&a_Eps (e, k, 0, 0), xt::xshape<2, 2>());
+        auto Eps = xt::adapt(&a_Eps(e, k, 0, 0), xt::xshape<2, 2>());
         auto Epsd = xt::adapt(&a_Epsd(e, k, 0, 0), xt::xshape<2, 2>());
 
         xt::noalias(Eps) = Epsd * 123;
@@ -304,4 +310,4 @@ namespace xt
 
 #endif
 
-#endif // VS_SKIP_XFIXED
+#endif  // VS_SKIP_XFIXED
diff --git a/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
index ba4a431b0..cbe027d6f 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
@@ -16,112 +14,121 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
-    struct field_expression_tag
-    {
-    };
-
-    template<class D>
-    class field_expression : public xt::xexpression<D> {
-    public:
-        using expression_tag = field_expression_tag;
-    };
-
-    template<class F, class... CT>
-    class field_function : public field_expression<field_function<F, CT...>> {
-    public:
-        using self_type = field_function<F, CT...>;
-        using functor_type = std::remove_reference_t<F>;
-
-        using expression_tag = field_expression_tag;
-
-        template<class Func, class... CTA,
-                class U = std::enable_if<!std::is_base_of<Func, self_type>::value>>
-        field_function(Func &&f, CTA &&... e) noexcept
-            : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)...), m_f(std::forward<Func>(f))
-        {}
-
-        template<class... T>
-        auto operator()(const std::size_t begin, const std::size_t end) const
-        {
-            return evaluate(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), begin, end);
-        }
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
-        template<std::size_t... I, class... T>
-        auto evaluate(std::index_sequence<I...>, T &&... t) const
-        {
-            return m_f(
-                std::get<I>(m_e).operator()(std::forward<T>(t)...)...);
-        }
+struct field_expression_tag
+{
+};
+
+template <class D>
+class field_expression : public xt::xexpression<D>
+{
+public:
+
+    using expression_tag = field_expression_tag;
+};
 
-    private:
-        std::tuple<CT...> m_e;
-        functor_type m_f;
-    };
+template <class F, class... CT>
+class field_function : public field_expression<field_function<F, CT...>>
+{
+public:
 
-    namespace xt
+    using self_type = field_function<F, CT...>;
+    using functor_type = std::remove_reference_t<F>;
+
+    using expression_tag = field_expression_tag;
+
+    template <class Func, class... CTA, class U = std::enable_if<!std::is_base_of<Func, self_type>::value>>
+    field_function(Func&& f, CTA&&... e) noexcept
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)...)
+        , m_f(std::forward<Func>(f))
     {
-        namespace detail
-        {
-            template<class F, class... E>
-            struct select_xfunction_expression<field_expression_tag, F, E...>
-            {
-                using type = field_function<F, E...>;
-            };
-        }
     }
 
-    // using xt::operator+;
-    // using xt::operator-;
-    // using xt::operator*;
-    // using xt::operator/;
-    // using xt::operator%;
+    template <class... T>
+    auto operator()(const std::size_t begin, const std::size_t end) const
+    {
+        return evaluate(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), begin, end);
+    }
 
-    struct Field : public field_expression<Field>
+    template <std::size_t... I, class... T>
+    auto evaluate(std::index_sequence<I...>, T&&... t) const
     {
-        Field() : m_data(std::array<std::size_t, 1>{10})
-        {}
+        return m_f(std::get<I>(m_e).operator()(std::forward<T>(t)...)...);
+    }
 
-        auto operator()(const std::size_t begin, const std::size_t end) const
-        {
-            return xt::view(m_data, xt::range(begin, end));
-        }
+private:
 
-        auto operator()(const std::size_t begin, const std::size_t end)
-        {
-            return xt::view(m_data, xt::range(begin, end));
-        }
+    std::tuple<CT...> m_e;
+    functor_type m_f;
+};
 
-        template<class E>
-        Field &operator=(const field_expression<E> &e)
+namespace xt
+{
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class F, class... E>
+        struct select_xfunction_expression<field_expression_tag, F, E...>
         {
-            (*this)(0, 5) = e.derived_cast()(0, 5);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> m_data;
-    };
-
-    TEST(xfunc_on_xexpression, field_expression)
+            using type = field_function<F, E...>;
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+// using xt::operator+;
+// using xt::operator-;
+// using xt::operator*;
+// using xt::operator/;
+// using xt::operator%;
+
+struct Field : public field_expression<Field>
+{
+    Field()
+        : m_data(std::array<std::size_t, 1>{10})
     {
-        Field x, y;
-        xt::xtensor<double , 1> res{{20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
-        x.m_data.fill(10);
-        y.m_data.fill(0);
+    }
 
-        y = x + x;
+    auto operator()(const std::size_t begin, const std::size_t end) const
+    {
+        return xt::view(m_data, xt::range(begin, end));
+    }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(y.m_data, res);
+    auto operator()(const std::size_t begin, const std::size_t end)
+    {
+        return xt::view(m_data, xt::range(begin, end));
     }
 
-    TEST(xfunc_on_xexpression, copy_constructor)
+    template <class E>
+    Field& operator=(const field_expression<E>& e)
     {
-        // Compilation test only
-        // checks that there is no ambiguity among xfunction constructors
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> x{{1, 2}}, y{{3, 4}};
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> res{{4, 6}};
+        (*this)(0, 5) = e.derived_cast()(0, 5);
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-        auto expr = x + y;
-        decltype(expr) expr2{expr};
+    xt::xtensor<double, 1> m_data;
+};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::eval(expr2), res);
-    }
+TEST(xfunc_on_xexpression, field_expression)
+{
+    Field x, y;
+    xt::xtensor<double, 1> res{{20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
+    x.m_data.fill(10);
+    y.m_data.fill(0);
+
+    y = x + x;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(y.m_data, res);
+}
+
+TEST(xfunc_on_xexpression, copy_constructor)
+{
+    // Compilation test only
+    // checks that there is no ambiguity among xfunction constructors
+    xt::xtensor<double, 1> x{{1, 2}}, y{{3, 4}};
+    xt::xtensor<double, 1> res{{4, 6}};
+
+    auto expr = x + y;
+    decltype(expr) expr2{expr};
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(xt::eval(expr2), res);
+}
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index d74b489be..a09a37641 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -57,16 +58,16 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    template<typename E>
+    template <typename E>
     auto normalize(E&& expr)
     {
-        return E{ expr } / xt::view(xt::sum(E{ expr }, { 1 }), xt::all(), xt::newaxis());
+        return E{expr} / xt::view(xt::sum(E{expr}, {1}), xt::all(), xt::newaxis());
     }
 
     TEST(xfunction, copy_constructor)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> freqs({ 10, 5 }, 1);
-        xt::xarray<double> other_freqs({ 10, 5 }, 2);
+        xt::xarray<double> freqs({10, 5}, 1);
+        xt::xarray<double> other_freqs({10, 5}, 2);
         // Compilation test
         xarray<double> probs = normalize(freqs + other_freqs);
     }
@@ -103,8 +104,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xfunction, broadcast_shape_exception)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr1{ { 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 } };
-        xt::xarray<double> arr2{ 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 99.0 };
+        xt::xarray<double> arr1{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr2{5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 99.0};
         XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::xarray<double> res = arr1 * arr2);
     }
 
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ namespace xt
         xfunction_features f;
         auto func = f.m_a + f.m_c;
         const auto& sh = func.shape();
-        for(std::size_t i = 0; i < sh.size(); ++i)
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sh.size(); ++i)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(sh[i], func.shape(i));
         }
@@ -433,13 +434,17 @@ namespace xt
         auto res5 = func;
 
         auto resit1 = res1.template begin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
-        for (auto it = func.template begin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(); it != func.template end<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(); ++it)
+        for (auto it = func.template begin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
+             it != func.template end<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
+             ++it)
         {
             *(resit1++) = *it;
         }
 
         auto resit3 = res3.template rbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
-        for (auto it = func.template rbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(); it != func.template rend<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(); ++it)
+        for (auto it = func.template rbegin<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
+             it != func.template rend<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>();
+             ++it)
         {
             *(resit3++) = *it;
         }
@@ -493,9 +498,9 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xfunction, xfunction_in_xfunction)
     {
         using Point3 = xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3>>;
-        Point3 a1({1.,2.,3.});
-        Point3 a2({3.,1.,3.});
-        Point3 a3({54.,5.,5.});
+        Point3 a1({1., 2., 3.});
+        Point3 a2({3., 1., 3.});
+        Point3 a3({54., 5., 5.});
         xtensor<Point3, 1> a({a1, a2, a3});
         xtensor<Point3, 1> c = a + a;
         Point3 r1({2., 4., 6.}), r2({6., 2., 6.}), r3({108., 10., 10.});
diff --git a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
index 2f83a6ad7..bc7637ae8 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
@@ -15,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using namespace std::complex_literals;
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     struct nooblean_proxy
     {
-        nooblean_proxy(T& ref) : m_ref(ref)
+        nooblean_proxy(T& ref)
+            : m_ref(ref)
         {
         }
 
@@ -131,8 +132,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using container_type = xarray<std::complex<double>>;
 
-        container_type e = {{3.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
-                            {1.0 - 1.0i, 2.0       }};
+        container_type e = {{3.0, 1.0 + 1.0i}, {1.0 - 1.0i, 2.0}};
 
         // Assigning to a xfunctor_adaptor, which has a container semantics, resizes
         // the underlying container.
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(xtl::real(e(1)), 5.0);
     }
 
-#if defined(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD) && XSIMD_X86_INSTR_SET >= XSIMD_X86_AVX_VERSION && XSIMD_X86_INSTR_SET < XSIMD_X86_AVX512_VERSION
+#if defined(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD) && XSIMD_X86_INSTR_SET >= XSIMD_X86_AVX_VERSION \
+    && XSIMD_X86_INSTR_SET < XSIMD_X86_AVX512_VERSION
     TEST(xfunctor_adaptor, simd)
     {
         // This test fails when the default layour is column_major
@@ -154,16 +155,14 @@ namespace xt
             return;
         }
 
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> e = {{3.0       , 1.0 + 1.0i},
-                                          {1.0 - 1.0i, 2.0       }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> e = {{3.0, 1.0 + 1.0i}, {1.0 - 1.0i, 2.0}};
         auto iview = xt::imag(e);
         auto loaded_batch = iview.template load_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode, double, 4>(0);
         EXPECT_TRUE(xsimd::all(xsimd::batch<double, 4>(0, 1, -1, 0) == loaded_batch));
         auto newbatch = loaded_batch + 5;
 
         iview.template store_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode>(0, newbatch);
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> exp1 = {{3.0 + 5.0i, 1.0 + 6.0i},
-                                             {1.0 + 4.0i, 2.0 + 5.0i }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> exp1 = {{3.0 + 5.0i, 1.0 + 6.0i}, {1.0 + 4.0i, 2.0 + 5.0i}};
         EXPECT_EQ(exp1, e);
 
         auto rview = xt::real(e);
@@ -171,8 +170,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(xsimd::all(xsimd::batch<double, 4>(3, 1, 1, 2) == loaded_batch2));
         newbatch = loaded_batch2 + 5;
         rview.template store_simd<xt_simd::aligned_mode>(0, newbatch);
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> exp2 = {{8.0 + 5.0i, 6.0 + 6.0i},
-                                             {6.0 + 4.0i, 7.0 + 5.0i }};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> exp2 = {{8.0 + 5.0i, 6.0 + 6.0i}, {6.0 + 4.0i, 7.0 + 5.0i}};
         EXPECT_EQ(exp2, e);
 
         auto f = xt::sin(xt::imag(e));
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index 8e8183b29..d5dbbdad5 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
@@ -27,13 +27,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(data, std::size_t(2));
 
-            EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2) );
+            EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2));
             EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 2.);
             EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
         }
 
         {
-            xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(data,
+            xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(
+                data,
                 xt::histogram_bin_edges(data, std::size_t(2), xt::histogram_algorithm::uniform)
             );
 
@@ -52,8 +53,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         {
             // test specifying return type as well
-            auto count = xt::histogram<float>(
-                    data, size_t(2), xt::xtensor<double, 1>({1., 2., 1., 1.}), 0.5, 1.5);
+            auto count = xt::histogram<float>(data, size_t(2), xt::xtensor<double, 1>({1., 2., 1., 1.}), 0.5, 1.5);
 
             EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2));
             EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 0.f);
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace xt
             xt::xarray<double> arr = {1., 1., 2., 2.};
             xt::xtensor<double, 1> count = xt::histogram(arr, std::size_t(2));
 
-            EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2) );
+            EXPECT_EQ(count.size(), std::size_t(2));
             EXPECT_EQ(count(0), 2.);
             EXPECT_EQ(count(1), 2.);
         }
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::digitize(data, bin_edges, true), res_right);
     }
 
-
     TEST(xhistogram, bin_items_1)
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> a = xt::bin_items(11, xt::xtensor<double, 1>{0.9, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1});
diff --git a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
index d01b9764f..a8a0cfbd4 100644
--- a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xindex_view, access)
     {
-        xarray<double> e = {{ 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 1, 0 }, { 0, 0, 1 }};
+        xarray<double> e = {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}};
         auto v = filter(e, e > 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(v(), v(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(v(1, 2, 1), v(1));
@@ -94,8 +95,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xindex_view, fill)
     {
-        xarray<double> e = { { 1, 0, 0 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 0, 1 } };
-        xarray<double> res = { {1, 2, 2}, {2, 1, 2}, {2, 2, 1} };
+        xarray<double> e = {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}};
+        xarray<double> res = {{1, 2, 2}, {2, 1, 2}, {2, 2, 1}};
         auto v = filter(e, e < 1);
         v.fill(2);
         EXPECT_EQ(e, res);
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xindex_view, unchecked)
     {
-        xarray<double> e = { { 1, 0, 0 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 0, 1 } };
+        xarray<double> e = {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}};
         auto v = filter(e, e > 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(v.unchecked(1), v(1));
     }
@@ -156,10 +157,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xindex_view, filter)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{ 1, 5, 3 },{ 4, 5, 6 }};
-        const xarray<double> b = {{ 1, 5, 3 },{ 4, 5, 6 }};
+        xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
+        const xarray<double> b = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         filter(a, a > 3) += filter(b, b > 3);
-        xarray<double> expected = {{ 1, 10, 3}, {8, 10, 12}};
+        xarray<double> expected = {{1, 10, 3}, {8, 10, 12}};
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, a);
     }
 
@@ -169,17 +170,17 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<bool> cond = {{{true, true}, {false, false}}, {{true, true}, {false, false}}};
 
         xarray<int> resc = xt::filter<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a, cond);
-        xarray<int> expc = {1, 5 ,3, 7};
+        xarray<int> expc = {1, 5, 3, 7};
         EXPECT_EQ(resc, expc);
 
         xarray<int> resr = xt::filter(a, cond);
-        xarray<int> expr = {1, 3 ,5, 7};
+        xarray<int> expr = {1, 3, 5, 7};
         EXPECT_EQ(resr, expr);
     }
 
     TEST(xindex_view, const_adapt_filter)
     {
-        const std::vector<double> av({1,2,3,4,5,6});
+        const std::vector<double> av({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6});
         auto a = xt::adapt(av, std::array<std::size_t, 2>({3, 2}));
         xt::xarray<double> b = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         xt::filter(b, b > 3) += xt::filter(a, a < 4);
diff --git a/test/test_xinfo.cpp b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
index c7483b76e..964365001 100644
--- a/test/test_xinfo.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
@@ -15,11 +13,13 @@
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xinfo.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xinfo, compiles)
     {
-        xarray<double> test = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        xarray<double> test = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         std::stringstream ss;
 
         ss << info(test) << std::endl;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xinfo, typename)
     {
-        xarray<double> test = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        xarray<double> test = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         auto t_s = type_to_string<typename decltype(test)::value_type>();
         std::string expected = "double";
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, t_s);
diff --git a/test/test_xio.cpp b/test/test_xio.cpp
index 42b096c0e..02b457398 100644
--- a/test/test_xio.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xio.cpp
@@ -1,28 +1,27 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-
-#include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "files/xio_expected_results.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -52,9 +51,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xio, xarray_two_d)
     {
-        xarray<double> e{{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                         {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                         {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+        xarray<double> e{{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
         std::stringstream out;
         out << e;
         EXPECT_EQ(twod_double, out.str());
@@ -62,9 +59,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xio, view)
     {
-        xarray<double> e{{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                         {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                         {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+        xarray<double> e{{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
 
         auto v_1 = view(e, 1, xt::all());
         auto v_2 = view(e, xt::all(), 1);
@@ -92,10 +87,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xio, xdynamic_view)
     {
-        xarray<int> e{{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                      {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                      {9, 10, 11, 12}};
-        auto v = xt::dynamic_view(e, { 1, keep(0, 2, 3)});
+        xarray<int> e{{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+        auto v = xt::dynamic_view(e, {1, keep(0, 2, 3)});
         std::stringstream out;
         out << v;
         EXPECT_EQ("{5, 7, 8}", out.str());
@@ -108,7 +101,7 @@ namespace xt
         rn(1, 1) = -1;
         rn(1, 2) = +1;
         rn(1, 1) = -1;
-        rn(2, 2) = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();  //  inf
+        rn(2, 2) = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();   //  inf
         rn(2, 3) = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();  // -inf
         rn(4, 4) = std::nan("xnan");
         std::stringstream out;
@@ -215,11 +208,7 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> rn = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 100}, -10, 10);
 
         std::stringstream out;
-        out << po::line_width(150)
-            << po::edge_items(10)
-            << po::precision(10)
-            << po::threshold(100)
-            << rn;
+        out << po::line_width(150) << po::edge_items(10) << po::precision(10) << po::threshold(100) << rn;
 
         EXPECT_EQ(print_options_result, out.str());
 
@@ -231,18 +220,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xio, three_d)
     {
-        xarray<double> e{{{1, 2},
-                          {3, 4},
-                          {5, 6},
-                          {7, 8}},
-                         {{9, 10},
-                          {11, 12},
-                          {7, 9},
-                          {11, 14}},
-                         {{5, 26},
-                          {7, 8},
-                          {10, 8},
-                          {4, 3}}};
+        xarray<double> e{
+            {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}, {7, 8}},
+            {{9, 10}, {11, 12}, {7, 9}, {11, 14}},
+            {{5, 26}, {7, 8}, {10, 8}, {4, 3}}};
         std::stringstream out;
         out << e;
         EXPECT_EQ(threed_double, out.str());
@@ -258,7 +239,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xio, long_strings)
     {
-        xt::xarray<std::string> e = {{"some", "random very long and very very", "boring"}, {"strings", "in", "xtensor xarray"}};
+        xt::xarray<std::string> e = {
+            {"some", "random very long and very very", "boring"},
+            {"strings", "in", "xtensor xarray"}};
         std::stringstream out;
         out << e;
         EXPECT_EQ(long_strings, out.str());
@@ -301,11 +284,16 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<int> e = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {100, 200, 1000, 10000000}};
 
         std::stringstream out;
-        pretty_print(e, [](const int& val) {
-            std::stringstream buf;
-            buf << "0x" << std::hex << val;
-            return buf.str();
-        }, out);
+        pretty_print(
+            e,
+            [](const int& val)
+            {
+                std::stringstream buf;
+                buf << "0x" << std::hex << val;
+                return buf.str();
+            },
+            out
+        );
 
         EXPECT_EQ(custom_formatter_result, out.str());
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xiterator.cpp b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
index 94383110b..6a131428d 100644
--- a/test/test_xiterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -35,10 +34,16 @@ namespace xt
         xarray_adaptor<typename R::vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(data, result.shape(), result.strides());
 
         auto offset = shape.size() - a.dimension();
-        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cbegin() + offset, size_type(1), std::multiplies<size_type>());
-        size_type nb_inc = (L == layout_type::row_major ?
-            shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1 :
-            broadcasting_stride * (result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1));
+        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(
+            shape.cbegin(),
+            shape.cbegin() + offset,
+            size_type(1),
+            std::multiplies<size_type>()
+        );
+        size_type nb_inc =
+            (L == layout_type::row_major
+                 ? shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1
+                 : broadcasting_stride * (result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1));
 
         int expected = a(1, 0, 1);
 
@@ -50,8 +55,8 @@ namespace xt
             iter2++;
         }
 
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter==expected, "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter2==expected, "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter == expected, "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter2 == expected, "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -63,10 +68,16 @@ namespace xt
         xarray_adaptor<typename R::vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(data, result.shape(), result.strides());
 
         auto offset = shape.size() - a.dimension();
-        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cbegin() + offset, difference_type(1), std::multiplies<difference_type>());
-        auto nb_inc = L == layout_type::row_major ?
-            difference_type(shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1) :
-            broadcasting_stride * difference_type(result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1);
+        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(
+            shape.cbegin(),
+            shape.cbegin() + offset,
+            difference_type(1),
+            std::multiplies<difference_type>()
+        );
+        auto nb_inc = L == layout_type::row_major
+                          ? difference_type(shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1)
+                          : broadcasting_stride
+                                * difference_type(result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1);
 
         int expected = a(1, 0, 1);
 
@@ -77,11 +88,9 @@ namespace xt
         auto iter3 = iter2 + nb_inc;
 
 
-
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter==expected,  "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter3==expected,  "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter2[nb_inc]==expected,  "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
-
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter == expected, "preincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter3 == expected, "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter2[nb_inc] == expected, "postincrement operator doesn't give expected result");
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -100,7 +109,7 @@ namespace xt
             ++iter;
         }
 
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter==last, "iterator doesn't reach the end");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter == last, "iterator doesn't reach the end");
         EXPECT_FALSE(iter < last);
     }
 
@@ -113,10 +122,16 @@ namespace xt
         xarray_adaptor<typename R::vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(data, result.shape(), result.strides());
 
         auto offset = shape.size() - a.dimension();
-        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cbegin() + offset, size_type(1), std::multiplies<size_type>());
-        size_type nb_inc = (L == layout_type::row_major ?
-            shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1 :
-            broadcasting_stride * (result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1));
+        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(
+            shape.cbegin(),
+            shape.cbegin() + offset,
+            size_type(1),
+            std::multiplies<size_type>()
+        );
+        size_type nb_inc =
+            (L == layout_type::row_major
+                 ? shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1
+                 : broadcasting_stride * (result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1));
 
         int expected = a(1, 1, 2);
 
@@ -140,11 +155,17 @@ namespace xt
         xarray_adaptor<typename R::vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(data, result.shape(), result.strides());
 
         auto offset = shape.size() - a.dimension();
-        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cbegin() + offset, difference_type(1), std::multiplies<difference_type>());
-
-        auto nb_inc = L == layout_type::row_major ?
-            difference_type(shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1) :
-            broadcasting_stride * difference_type(result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1);
+        auto broadcasting_stride = std::accumulate(
+            shape.cbegin(),
+            shape.cbegin() + offset,
+            difference_type(1),
+            std::multiplies<difference_type>()
+        );
+
+        auto nb_inc = L == layout_type::row_major
+                          ? difference_type(shape.back() * shape[shape.size() - 2] + 1)
+                          : broadcasting_stride
+                                * difference_type(result.shape().front() * result.shape()[1] + 1);
 
         int expected = a(1, 1, 2);
 
@@ -154,8 +175,8 @@ namespace xt
         iter += nb_inc;
         auto iter3 = iter2 + nb_inc;
 
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter == expected , "predecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter3 == expected , "postdecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter == expected, "predecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter3 == expected, "postdecrement operator doesn't give expected result");
     }
 
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
@@ -170,22 +191,19 @@ namespace xt
         auto iter = a.template rbegin<L>(shape);
         auto last = a.template rend<L>(shape);
 
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter==data.back(), "dereferencing rbegin does not result in last element");
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(*last==data.front(), "dereferencing rend does not result in first element");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*iter == data.back(), "dereferencing rbegin does not result in last element");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(*last == data.front(), "dereferencing rend does not result in first element");
 
         for (size_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
         {
             ++iter;
         }
 
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter==last, "reverse iterator doesn't reach the end");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(iter == last, "reverse iterator doesn't reach the end");
     }
 
-    #define XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES\
-        row_major_result<>,\
-        column_major_result<>,\
-        central_major_result<>,\
-        unit_shape_result<>
+#define XITERATOR_TEST_TYPES \
+    row_major_result<>, column_major_result<>, central_major_result<>, unit_shape_result<>
 
     TEST_SUITE("xiterator_test")
     {
@@ -380,8 +398,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-
-
     template <layout_type L, class R, class S>
     void test_minus(const R& result, const S& shape)
     {
@@ -392,12 +408,14 @@ namespace xt
         xarray_adaptor<typename R::vector_type, layout_type::dynamic> a(data, result.shape(), result.strides());
 
         size_type size = shape.size();
-        difference_type nb_inc = difference_type(L == layout_type::row_major ?
-            shape.back() * shape[size - 2] + shape.back() + 2 :
-            shape[size - 3] * shape[size - 2] * 2 + shape[size - 3] + 1);
-        difference_type nb_inc2 = difference_type(L == layout_type::row_major ?
-            shape.back() * shape[size - 2] * 2  + 3 :
-            shape[size - 3] * shape[size - 2] * 3 + 2);
+        difference_type nb_inc = difference_type(
+            L == layout_type::row_major ? shape.back() * shape[size - 2] + shape.back() + 2
+                                        : shape[size - 3] * shape[size - 2] * 2 + shape[size - 3] + 1
+        );
+        difference_type nb_inc2 = difference_type(
+            L == layout_type::row_major ? shape.back() * shape[size - 2] * 2 + 3
+                                        : shape[size - 3] * shape[size - 2] * 3 + 2
+        );
 
         ptrdiff_t expected = ptrdiff_t(nb_inc2 - nb_inc);
 
@@ -452,17 +470,18 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xiterator, broadcast)
     {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(broadcastable(std::vector<size_t>({1, 2, 1}), std::vector<size_t>({ 3, 2, 1 })));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(broadcastable(std::vector<size_t>({1, 1}), std::vector<size_t>({ 3, 2, 1 })));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(broadcastable(std::vector<size_t>({1, 2, 1}), std::vector<size_t>({3, 2, 1})));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(broadcastable(std::vector<size_t>({1, 1}), std::vector<size_t>({3, 2, 1})));
         EXPECT_TRUE(broadcastable(std::vector<size_t>({1, 1}), std::vector<size_t>({2, 2, 1})));
-        EXPECT_FALSE(broadcastable(std::vector<size_t>({2, 2, 1}), std::vector<size_t>({ 3, 2, 1 })));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(broadcastable(std::vector<size_t>({2, 2, 1}), std::vector<size_t>({3, 2, 1})));
     }
 
     TEST(xiterator, pointer)
     {
-        xarray<double> m {{3, 4}, {6, 5}};
-        constexpr layout_type l = xarray<double>::static_layout == layout_type::column_major ?
-            layout_type::row_major : layout_type::column_major;
+        xarray<double> m{{3, 4}, {6, 5}};
+        constexpr layout_type l = xarray<double>::static_layout == layout_type::column_major
+                                      ? layout_type::row_major
+                                      : layout_type::column_major;
         auto it = m.begin<l>();
         EXPECT_EQ(*(it.operator->()), 3);
     }
@@ -513,14 +532,22 @@ namespace xt
         SUBCASE("row_major iterator")
         {
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
-            std::copy(a.cbegin<layout_type::row_major>(), a.cend<layout_type::row_major>(), dst.begin<layout_type::row_major>());
+            std::copy(
+                a.cbegin<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                a.cend<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                dst.begin<layout_type::row_major>()
+            );
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
         }
 
         SUBCASE("column_major iterator")
         {
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
-            std::copy(a.cbegin<layout_type::column_major>(), a.cend<layout_type::column_major>(), dst.begin<layout_type::column_major>());
+            std::copy(
+                a.cbegin<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                a.cend<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                dst.begin<layout_type::column_major>()
+            );
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
         }
     }
@@ -534,23 +561,29 @@ namespace xt
         SUBCASE("row_major iterator")
         {
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
-            std::copy(a.crbegin<layout_type::row_major>(), a.crend<layout_type::row_major>(), dst.rbegin<layout_type::row_major>());
+            std::copy(
+                a.crbegin<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                a.crend<layout_type::row_major>(),
+                dst.rbegin<layout_type::row_major>()
+            );
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
         }
 
         SUBCASE("column_major iterator")
         {
             xarray<vector_type::value_type> dst(a.shape(), 1);
-            std::copy(a.crbegin<layout_type::column_major>(), a.crend<layout_type::column_major>(), dst.rbegin<layout_type::column_major>());
+            std::copy(
+                a.crbegin<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                a.crend<layout_type::column_major>(),
+                dst.rbegin<layout_type::column_major>()
+            );
             EXPECT_EQ(a, dst);
         }
     }
 
     TEST(xiterator, reverse_corner_cases)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 3> a = {{{13, 16},
-                                 {13, 16},
-                                 {13, 16}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3> a = {{{13, 16}, {13, 16}, {13, 16}}};
 
         constexpr auto cm = layout_type::column_major;
         constexpr auto rm = layout_type::row_major;
@@ -597,14 +630,9 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
-        xtensor<double, 3> b = {{{1},
-                                 {1}},
-                                {{2},
-                                 {2}},
-                                {{3},
-                                 {3}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3> b = {{{1}, {1}}, {{2}, {2}}, {{3}, {3}}};
 
-       {
+        {
             std::vector<double> exp_iter = {3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1};
             auto e_iter = exp_iter.begin();
             for (auto it = b.template rbegin<cm>(); it != b.template rend<cm>(); ++it)
@@ -613,9 +641,9 @@ namespace xt
                 ++e_iter;
             }
             EXPECT_TRUE(e_iter == exp_iter.end());
-       }
+        }
 
-       {
+        {
             std::vector<double> exp_iter = {3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1};
             auto e_iter = exp_iter.begin();
             for (auto it = b.template rbegin<rm>(); it != b.template rend<rm>(); ++it)
@@ -624,9 +652,9 @@ namespace xt
                 ++e_iter;
             }
             EXPECT_TRUE(e_iter == exp_iter.end());
-       }
+        }
 
-       {
+        {
             std::vector<double> exp_iter = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3};
             auto e_iter = exp_iter.begin();
             for (auto it = b.template begin<rm>(); it != b.template end<rm>(); ++it)
@@ -635,9 +663,9 @@ namespace xt
                 ++e_iter;
             }
             EXPECT_TRUE(e_iter == exp_iter.end());
-       }
+        }
 
-       {
+        {
             std::vector<double> exp_iter = {1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3};
             auto e_iter = exp_iter.begin();
             for (auto it = b.template begin<cm>(); it != b.template end<cm>(); ++it)
@@ -646,6 +674,6 @@ namespace xt
                 ++e_iter;
             }
             EXPECT_TRUE(e_iter == exp_iter.end());
-       }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xjson.cpp b/test/test_xjson.cpp
index 06e53ec3f..7f293316f 100644
--- a/test/test_xjson.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xjson.cpp
@@ -1,30 +1,26 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <string>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xjson.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xjson, xarray_to_json)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> t =
-          {{{1, 2},
-            {3, 4}},
-           {{1, 2},
-            {3, 4}}};
+        xt::xarray<double> t = {{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}, {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}};
 
         nlohmann::json jl = t;
         std::string s = jl.dump();
@@ -35,31 +31,19 @@ namespace xt
     {
         nlohmann::json j = "[[[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0]],[[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0]]]"_json;
         auto arr = j.get<xt::xarray<double>>();
-        auto ref = xt::xarray<double>(
-          {{{1, 2},
-            {3, 4}},
-           {{1, 2},
-            {3, 4}}});
+        auto ref = xt::xarray<double>({{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}, {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}});
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(arr, ref)));
     }
 
     TEST(xjson, xview_from_json)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr =
-          {{{1, 2},
-            {3, 4}},
-           {{1, 2},
-            {3, 4}}};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr = {{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}, {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}};
 
         auto v = xt::view(arr, 0);
         auto j = "[[10.0,10.0],[10.0,10.0]]"_json;
         from_json(j, v);
 
-        auto ref = xt::xarray<double>(
-          {{{10, 10},
-            {10, 10}},
-           {{1, 2},
-            {3, 4}}});
+        auto ref = xt::xarray<double>({{{10, 10}, {10, 10}}, {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}});
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(arr, ref)));
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xlayout.cpp b/test/test_xlayout.cpp
index e33d3c078..cb0a9d6d7 100644
--- a/test/test_xlayout.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xlayout.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index 5c65eda85..6cd6eab91 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto cbt = transpose(b);
         EXPECT_EQ(cbt.layout(), layout_type::row_major);
 
-        auto cbw1 = transpose(b, {0, 1 ,2});
+        auto cbw1 = transpose(b, {0, 1, 2});
         auto cbw2 = transpose(b, {2, 1, 0});
         auto cbw3 = transpose(b, {2, 0, 1});
         EXPECT_EQ(cbw1.layout(), layout_type::column_major);
@@ -58,8 +57,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, transpose_function)
     {
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } };
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> b = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } };
+        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
         auto fun = a + b;
         auto tr = transpose(fun);
         EXPECT_EQ(fun(0, 0), tr(0, 0));
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(fun(1, 1), tr(1, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(fun(1, 2), tr(2, 1));
 
-        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> a2 = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } };
-        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b2 = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } };
+        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> a2 = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b2 = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
         auto fun2 = a2 + b2;
         auto tr2 = transpose(fun2);
         EXPECT_EQ(fun2(0, 0), tr2(0, 0));
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, ravel)
     {
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } };
+        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
         auto flat = ravel<layout_type::row_major>(a);
         EXPECT_EQ(flat(0), a(0, 0));
@@ -113,19 +112,19 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<double, 3> a = linspace<double>(1., 100., 100).reshape({2, 5, 10});
         auto v = view(a, range(0, 2), range(0, 3), range(0, 3));
         xtensor<double, 1> fl = flatten<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(v);
-        xtensor<double, 1> expected_rm = {  1.,  2., 3., 11., 12., 13., 21., 22., 23.,
-                                           51., 52., 53, 61., 62., 63., 71., 72., 73. };
-        xtensor<double, 1> expected_cm = { 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,
-                                          11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16.,
-                                          21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26.};
-        xtensor<double, 1> expected = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL==layout_type::row_major ? expected_rm : expected_cm;
+        xtensor<double, 1> expected_rm =
+            {1., 2., 3., 11., 12., 13., 21., 22., 23., 51., 52., 53, 61., 62., 63., 71., 72., 73.};
+        xtensor<double, 1> expected_cm =
+            {1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26.};
+        xtensor<double, 1> expected = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL == layout_type::row_major ? expected_rm
+                                                                                          : expected_cm;
         EXPECT_EQ(fl, expected);
         auto v2 = strided_view(a, {range(0, 2), range(0, 3), range(0, 3)});
         xtensor<double, 1> fl2 = flatten<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL>(v2);
         EXPECT_EQ(fl2, expected);
 
-        xt::xarray<float> af = xt::arange<float>(100., 127.).reshape({3,3,3});
-        auto view = xt::flatten(xt::view(af, xt::range(1,3), xt::range(1,3), xt::range(1,3)));
+        xt::xarray<float> af = xt::arange<float>(100., 127.).reshape({3, 3, 3});
+        auto view = xt::flatten(xt::view(af, xt::range(1, 3), xt::range(1, 3), xt::range(1, 3)));
         auto iter = view.begin();
         EXPECT_EQ(*iter++, 113);
         EXPECT_EQ(*iter++, 114);
@@ -154,13 +153,13 @@ namespace xt
             xtensor<double, 1> fl = e;
             using assign_traits = xassign_traits<decltype(fl), decltype(e)>;
 
-        #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
             EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
             EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign(fl, e));
-        #else
+#else
             EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
             EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign(fl, e));
-        #endif
+#endif
         }
 
         {
@@ -174,22 +173,22 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, flatten_assign)
     {
-      xt::xarray<int> patch = xt::zeros<int>({2, 8});
-      xt::xarray<int> seq_r = xt::zeros<int>({16});
-      seq_r[0] = 1;
-      seq_r[1] = 2;
-      seq_r[2] = 3;
-      seq_r[3] = 4;
-      xt::flatten(xt::view(patch, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 2))) = xt::view(seq_r, xt::range(0, 4));
-      EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, 0), 1);
-      EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, 1), 2);
-      EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, 0), 3);
-      EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, 1), 4);
-      for (size_t i = 2; i < 8; ++i)
-      {
-          EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, i), 0);
-          EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, i), 0);
-      }
+        xt::xarray<int> patch = xt::zeros<int>({2, 8});
+        xt::xarray<int> seq_r = xt::zeros<int>({16});
+        seq_r[0] = 1;
+        seq_r[1] = 2;
+        seq_r[2] = 3;
+        seq_r[3] = 4;
+        xt::flatten(xt::view(patch, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 2))) = xt::view(seq_r, xt::range(0, 4));
+        EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, 0), 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, 1), 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, 0), 3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, 1), 4);
+        for (size_t i = 2; i < 8; ++i)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(patch(0, i), 0);
+            EXPECT_EQ(patch(1, i), 0);
+        }
     }
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, flatnonzero)
@@ -201,7 +200,6 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<int> b = arange(-2, 3);
         std::vector<std::size_t> expected_b = {0, 1, 3, 4};
         EXPECT_EQ(expected_b, flatnonzero<layout_type::row_major>(b));
-
     }
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, split)
@@ -366,10 +364,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> f = {{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}}, {{6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}}};
 
         xarray<double> ft = xt::flip(f, 0);
-        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{{6, 7, 8},
-        {9, 10, 11}},
-        {{0, 1, 2},
-        {3, 4, 5}}};
+        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{{6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}}, {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}}};
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_2, ft);
     }
 
@@ -388,11 +383,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> f = {{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}}, {{6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}}};
 
         xarray<double> ft = xt::flip(f, 1);
-        xarray<double> expected_2 = {
-            {{3, 4, 5},
-            {0, 1, 2}},
-            {{9, 10, 11},
-            {6, 7, 8}}};
+        xarray<double> expected_2 = {{{3, 4, 5}, {0, 1, 2}}, {{9, 10, 11}, {6, 7, 8}}};
 
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_2, ft);
     }
@@ -463,21 +454,21 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(expected3, xt::roll(e1, 11));
 
         xarray<double> expected4 = {{7, 8, 9}, {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
-        ASSERT_EQ(expected4, xt::roll(e1, 1, /*axis*/0));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected4, xt::roll(e1, 1, /*axis*/ 0));
 
         xarray<double> expected5 = {{3, 1, 2}, {6, 4, 5}, {9, 7, 8}};
-        ASSERT_EQ(expected5, xt::roll(e1, 1, /*axis*/1));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected5, xt::roll(e1, 1, /*axis*/ 1));
 
         xarray<double> e2 = {{{1, 2, 3}}, {{4, 5, 6}}, {{7, 8, 9}}};
 
         xarray<double> expected6 = {{{4, 5, 6}}, {{7, 8, 9}}, {{1, 2, 3}}};
-        ASSERT_EQ(expected6, xt::roll(e2, 2, /*axis*/0));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected6, xt::roll(e2, 2, /*axis*/ 0));
 
         xarray<double> expected7 = {{{1, 2, 3}}, {{4, 5, 6}}, {{7, 8, 9}}};
-        ASSERT_EQ(expected7, xt::roll(e2, -2, /*axis*/1));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected7, xt::roll(e2, -2, /*axis*/ 1));
 
         xarray<double> expected8 = {{{3, 1, 2}}, {{6, 4, 5}}, {{9, 7, 8}}};
-        ASSERT_EQ(expected8, xt::roll(e2, -2, /*axis*/2));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected8, xt::roll(e2, -2, /*axis*/ 2));
     }
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, repeat_all_elements_of_axis_0_of_int_array_2_times)
@@ -491,14 +482,17 @@ namespace xt
         const auto result = xt::view(repeated_array, xt::all());
 
         xarray<int>::shape_type expected_shape{6, 3};
-        const auto expected = xt::view(xarray<int>{
-            {1, 2, 3},
-            {1, 2, 3},
-            {4, 5, 6},
-            {4, 5, 6},
-            {7, 8, 9},
-            {7, 8, 9},
-        }, xt::all());
+        const auto expected = xt::view(
+            xarray<int>{
+                {1, 2, 3},
+                {1, 2, 3},
+                {4, 5, 6},
+                {4, 5, 6},
+                {7, 8, 9},
+                {7, 8, 9},
+            },
+            xt::all()
+        );
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_shape, repeated_array.shape());
         ASSERT_EQ(expected, result);
     }
@@ -515,11 +509,14 @@ namespace xt
         const auto result = xt::view(repeated_array, xt::all());
 
         xarray<double>::shape_type expected_shape{3, 6};
-        const auto expected = xt::view(xarray<double>{
-            {1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0},
-            {4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.0},
-            {7.0, 7.0, 8.0, 8.0, 9.0, 9.0},
-        }, xt::all());
+        const auto expected = xt::view(
+            xarray<double>{
+                {1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0},
+                {4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.0},
+                {7.0, 7.0, 8.0, 8.0, 9.0, 9.0},
+            },
+            xt::all()
+        );
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_shape, repeated_array.shape());
         ASSERT_EQ(expected, result);
     }
@@ -536,14 +533,17 @@ namespace xt
         const auto result = xt::view(repeated_array, xt::all());
 
         xarray<size_t>::shape_type expected_shape{6, 3};
-        const auto expected = xt::view(xarray<size_t>{
-            {1, 2, 3},
-            {4, 5, 6},
-            {4, 5, 6},
-            {7, 8, 9},
-            {7, 8, 9},
-            {7, 8, 9},
-        }, xt::all());
+        const auto expected = xt::view(
+            xarray<size_t>{
+                {1, 2, 3},
+                {4, 5, 6},
+                {4, 5, 6},
+                {7, 8, 9},
+                {7, 8, 9},
+                {7, 8, 9},
+            },
+            xt::all()
+        );
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_shape, repeated_array.shape());
         ASSERT_EQ(expected, result);
     }
@@ -569,6 +569,5 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, zzzzzz)
     {
-
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
index c22215f7d..f9a9a7828 100644
--- a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ namespace xt
     //         { 7. ,  8.,  9. }}
     inline data_type make_test_data()
     {
-        data_type d = {{ 1., 2., 3.},
-                       { 4., 5., 6.},
-                       { 7., 8., 9.}};
+        data_type d = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}, {7., 8., 9.}};
         d(0, 2).has_value() = false;
         d(1, 0).has_value() = false;
         return d;
@@ -35,9 +33,7 @@ namespace xt
     //                { 7. ,  8.,  9. }}
     inline auto make_masked_data(data_type& data)
     {
-        xarray<bool> mask = {{ true,  true,  true},
-                             {false, false, false},
-                             { true,  true,  true}};
+        xarray<bool> mask = {{true, true, true}, {false, false, false}, {true, true, true}};
 
         return masked_view(data, std::move(mask));
     }
@@ -190,19 +186,15 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmasked_view, non_optional_data)
     {
-        xarray<double> data = {{ 1.,-2., 3.},
-                               { 4., 5.,-6.},
-                               { 7., 8.,-9.}};
-        xarray<bool> mask = {{ true,  true,  true},
-                             { true, false, false},
-                             { true, false,  true}};
+        xarray<double> data = {{1., -2., 3.}, {4., 5., -6.}, {7., 8., -9.}};
+        xarray<bool> mask = {{true, true, true}, {true, false, false}, {true, false, true}};
 
         auto masked_data = masked_view(data, mask);
 
         auto masked_value = xtl::masked<double>();
 
         EXPECT_EQ(masked_data(0, 0), 1.);
-        EXPECT_EQ(masked_data.at(0, 1),-2.);
+        EXPECT_EQ(masked_data.at(0, 1), -2.);
         EXPECT_EQ(masked_data.at(0, 2), 3.);
         EXPECT_EQ(masked_data.unchecked(1, 0), 4.);
         EXPECT_EQ(masked_data.unchecked(1, 1), masked_value);
@@ -210,42 +202,30 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(masked_data[index1], masked_value);
 
         masked_data = 3.65;
-        xarray<double> expected1 = {{3.65, 3.65, 3.65},
-                                   {3.65, 5.  ,-6.  },
-                                   {3.65, 8.  , 3.65}};
+        xarray<double> expected1 = {{3.65, 3.65, 3.65}, {3.65, 5., -6.}, {3.65, 8., 3.65}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, expected1);
 
         masked_data += 3.;
-        xarray<double> expected2 = {{6.65, 6.65, 6.65},
-                                    {6.65, 5.  ,-6.  },
-                                    {6.65, 8.  , 6.65}};
+        xarray<double> expected2 = {{6.65, 6.65, 6.65}, {6.65, 5., -6.}, {6.65, 8., 6.65}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, expected2);
     }
 
     TEST(xmasked_view, assign)
     {
-        xarray<double> data = {{ 1.,-2., 3.},
-                               { 4., 5.,-6.},
-                               { 7., 8.,-9.}};
-        xarray<double> data2 = {{ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3},
-                                { 0.4, 0.5, 0.6},
-                                { 0.7, 0.8, 0.9}};
-        xarray<bool> mask = {{ true,  true,  true},
-                             { true, false, false},
-                             { true, false,  true}};
+        xarray<double> data = {{1., -2., 3.}, {4., 5., -6.}, {7., 8., -9.}};
+        xarray<double> data2 = {{0.1, 0.2, 0.3}, {0.4, 0.5, 0.6}, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9}};
+        xarray<bool> mask = {{true, true, true}, {true, false, false}, {true, false, true}};
 
         auto masked_data = masked_view(data, mask);
 
         masked_data = data2;
-        xarray<double> expected1 = {{ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3},
-                                    { 0.4, 5. ,-6. },
-                                    { 0.7, 8. , 0.9}};
+        xarray<double> expected1 = {{0.1, 0.2, 0.3}, {0.4, 5., -6.}, {0.7, 8., 0.9}};
         EXPECT_EQ(data, expected1);
     }
 
     TEST(xmasked_view, view)
     {
-        xt::xarray<size_t> data = {{0,1}, {2,3}, {4,5}};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> data = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5}};
         xt::xarray<size_t> data_new = xt::zeros<size_t>(data.shape());
         xt::xarray<bool> col_mask = {false, true};
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 30c189b55..568c2c354 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using std::size_t;
@@ -173,8 +174,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
         xarray<double> b = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
-        opt_type opt_a = {1, missing, 3, 4,       5, missing};
-        opt_type opt_b = {6,       5, 4, 3, missing,       1};
+        opt_type opt_a = {1, missing, 3, 4, 5, missing};
+        opt_type opt_b = {6, 5, 4, 3, missing, 1};
 
         xarray<double> res = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(res, minimum(a, b));
@@ -193,8 +194,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
         xarray<double> b = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
-        opt_type opt_a = {1, missing, 3, 4,       5, missing};
-        opt_type opt_b = {6,       5, 4, 3, missing,       1};
+        opt_type opt_a = {1, missing, 3, 4, 5, missing};
+        opt_type opt_b = {6, 5, 4, 3, missing, 1};
 
         xarray<double> res = {6, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6};
         EXPECT_EQ(res, maximum(a, b));
@@ -273,51 +274,40 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmath, isnan)
     {
-        xarray<double> arr
-           {{1.0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()},
+        xarray<double> arr{
+            {1.0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()},
             {std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(), 0.0}};
-        xarray<bool> expected
-           {{false, true}, {true, false}};
+        xarray<bool> expected{{false, true}, {true, false}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(expected, xt::isnan(arr))));
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, deg2rad)
     {
-        xarray<double> arr
-            {-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
-        xarray<double> expected
-            {-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398,  0.,
-              0.785398,  1.570796,  2.356194,  3.141593};
+        xarray<double> arr{-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
+        xarray<double>
+            expected{-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398, 0., 0.785398, 1.570796, 2.356194, 3.141593};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(expected, xt::deg2rad(arr))));
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, radians)
     {
-        xarray<double> arr
-            {-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
-        xarray<double> expected
-            {-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398,  0.,
-             0.785398,  1.570796,  2.356194,  3.141593};
+        xarray<double> arr{-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
+        xarray<double>
+            expected{-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398, 0., 0.785398, 1.570796, 2.356194, 3.141593};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(expected, xt::radians(arr))));
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, rad2deg)
     {
-        xarray<double> arr
-            {-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398,  0.,
-             0.785398,  1.570796,  2.356194,  3.141593};
-        xarray<double> expected
-            {-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
+        xarray<double> arr{-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398, 0., 0.785398, 1.570796, 2.356194, 3.141593};
+        xarray<double> expected{-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(expected, xt::rad2deg(arr))));
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, degrees)
     {
-        xarray<double> arr
-            {-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398,  0.,
-             0.785398,  1.570796,  2.356194,  3.141593};
-        xarray<double> expected
-            {-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
+        xarray<double> arr{-3.141593, -2.356194, -1.570796, -0.785398, 0., 0.785398, 1.570796, 2.356194, 3.141593};
+        xarray<double> expected{-180, -135, -90, -45, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(expected, xt::degrees(arr))));
     }
 
@@ -328,7 +318,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, assign_traits)
     {
         using array_type = xarray<double>;
-        array_type a = { {1.2, 2.3}, {3.4, 4.5} };
+        array_type a = {{1.2, 2.3}, {3.4, 4.5}};
 
         SUBCASE("unary function")
         {
@@ -494,7 +484,6 @@ namespace xt
         using assign_traits = xassign_traits<xarray<double>, decltype(f)>;
         EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
 #endif
-
     }
 
     TEST(xmath, cube)
@@ -588,7 +577,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(atan2(sa, b)(0, 0), std::atan2(sa, b(0, 0)));
     }
 
-
     /************************
      * Hyperbolic functions *
      ************************/
@@ -635,7 +623,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(atanh(a)(0, 0), std::atanh(a(0, 0)));
     }
 
-
     /*****************************
      * Error and gamma functions *
      *****************************/
@@ -801,7 +788,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, diff)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> a = {1, 2, 4, 7, 0};
-        xt::xarray<int> expected1 = {1,  2,  3, -7};
+        xt::xarray<int> expected1 = {1, 2, 3, -7};
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::diff(a), expected1);
         xt::xarray<int> expected2 = {1, 1, -10};
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::diff(a, 2), expected2);
@@ -818,8 +805,8 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<bool> expected7({2, 1}, false);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::diff(c, 2), expected7);
 
-        std::vector<int> d = { 1, 2, 4, 7, 0 };
-        xt::xarray<int> orig = { 1, 2, 4, 7, 0 };
+        std::vector<int> d = {1, 2, 4, 7, 0};
+        xt::xarray<int> orig = {1, 2, 4, 7, 0};
         auto ad = xt::adapt(d);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::diff(ad), expected1);
         EXPECT_EQ(ad, orig);
@@ -832,8 +819,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmath, trapz)
     {
-        xt::xarray<int> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                             {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xarray<int> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
         xt::xarray<double> expected1 = {1.5, 2.5, 3.5};
         EXPECT_EQ(trapz(a, 1.0, 0), expected1);
 
@@ -860,9 +846,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmath, mean)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double,2> v = {{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> m0 = {1.5, 1.5, 1.5};
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> m1 = {1.0, 2.0};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> v = {{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> m0 = {1.5, 1.5, 1.5};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> m1 = {1.0, 2.0};
         double m = 9.0 / 6.0;
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::mean(v, 0), m0)));
@@ -875,10 +861,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmath, average)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double,2> v = {{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
-        xt::xtensor<double,2> w = {{2.0, 2.0, 2.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> m0 = {1.5, 1.5, 1.5};
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> m1 = {1.0, 2.0};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> v = {{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> w = {{2.0, 2.0, 2.0}, {2.0, 2.0, 2.0}};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> m0 = {1.5, 1.5, 1.5};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> m1 = {1.0, 2.0};
         double m = 9.0 / 6.0;
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::all(xt::equal(xt::average(v, w, 0), m0)));
@@ -895,13 +881,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmath, interp)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> xp = {0.0, 1.0, 3.0};
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> fp = {0.0, 1.0, 3.0};
-        xt::xtensor<double,1> x  = {0.0, .5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> xp = {0.0, 1.0, 3.0};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> fp = {0.0, 1.0, 3.0};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> x = {0.0, .5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0};
 
-        auto f = xt::interp(x,xp,fp);
+        auto f = xt::interp(x, xp, fp);
 
-        for ( std::size_t i = 0 ; i < x.size() ; ++i )
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(f[i], x[i]);
         }
@@ -916,12 +902,11 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, xt::cov(x, y));
     }
 
-
     TEST(xmath, convolve_full)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> x = { 1.0, 3.0, 1.0 };
-        xt::xarray<double> y = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
-        xt::xarray<double> expected = { 1, 4, 5, 4, 1 };
+        xt::xarray<double> x = {1.0, 3.0, 1.0};
+        xt::xarray<double> y = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
+        xt::xarray<double> expected = {1, 4, 5, 4, 1};
 
         auto result = xt::convolve(x, y, xt::convolve_mode::full());
 
@@ -930,9 +915,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmath, convolve_valid)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> x = { 3.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
-        xt::xarray<double> y = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
-        xt::xarray<double> expected = { 5 };
+        xt::xarray<double> x = {3.0, 1.0, 1.0};
+        xt::xarray<double> y = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
+        xt::xarray<double> expected = {5};
 
         auto result = xt::convolve(x, y, xt::convolve_mode::valid());
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index f93f2b2f5..42e9165b6 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <complex>
 
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
 #pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable: 4244)
-#pragma warning(disable: 4267)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4267)
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
@@ -56,64 +56,61 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
     }
 
-template <class T1, class T2>
-using promote_t = xtl::promote_type_t<T1, T2>;
+    template <class T1, class T2>
+    using promote_t = xtl::promote_type_t<T1, T2>;
 
-template <class T, class E>
-void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
-{
-    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(e)>::value_type;
-    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, promote_t<T, result_type>>::value));
-}
+    template <class T, class E>
+    void check_promoted_types(E&& e)
+    {
+        using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(e)>::value_type;
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, promote_t<T, result_type>>::value));
+    }
+
+#define ARRAY_TYPE(VALUE_TYPE) std::array<VALUE_TYPE, 2>
+
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)                               \
+    check_promoted_types<unsigned char>(FUNC<unsigned char>(INPUT));           \
+    check_promoted_types<signed char>(FUNC<signed char>(INPUT));               \
+    check_promoted_types<char>(FUNC<char>(INPUT));                             \
+    check_promoted_types<unsigned short>(FUNC<unsigned short>(INPUT));         \
+    check_promoted_types<signed short>(FUNC<signed short>(INPUT));             \
+    check_promoted_types<short>(FUNC<short>(INPUT));                           \
+    check_promoted_types<unsigned int>(FUNC<unsigned int>(INPUT));             \
+    check_promoted_types<signed int>(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT));                 \
+    check_promoted_types<int>(FUNC<int>(INPUT));                               \
+    check_promoted_types<unsigned long long>(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT)); \
+    check_promoted_types<long long>(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT));            \
+    check_promoted_types<long long>(FUNC<long long>(INPUT));                   \
+    check_promoted_types<float>(FUNC<float>(INPUT));                           \
+    check_promoted_types<double>(FUNC<double>(INPUT));
+
+#define CHECK_STDDEV_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)                                             \
+    {                                                                                               \
+        using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(INPUT)>::value_type;                     \
+        using promo_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_integral<result_type>::value, double, float>; \
+                                                                                                    \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned char>(INPUT));                               \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed char>(INPUT));                                 \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<char>(INPUT));                                        \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned short>(INPUT));                              \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed short>(INPUT));                                \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<short>(INPUT));                                       \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned int>(INPUT));                                \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT));                                  \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<int>(INPUT));                                         \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT));                          \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT));                            \
+        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<long long>(INPUT));                                   \
+        check_promoted_types<float>(FUNC<float>(INPUT));                                            \
+        check_promoted_types<double>(FUNC<double>(INPUT));                                          \
+    }
 
-#define ARRAY_TYPE(VALUE_TYPE)  \
-    std::array<VALUE_TYPE, 2>
-
-#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)                                   \
-        check_promoted_types<unsigned char>(FUNC<unsigned char>(INPUT));           \
-        check_promoted_types<signed char>(FUNC<signed char>(INPUT));               \
-        check_promoted_types<char>(FUNC<char>(INPUT));                             \
-        check_promoted_types<unsigned short>(FUNC<unsigned short>(INPUT));         \
-        check_promoted_types<signed short>(FUNC<signed short>(INPUT));             \
-        check_promoted_types<short>(FUNC<short>(INPUT));                           \
-        check_promoted_types<unsigned int>(FUNC<unsigned int>(INPUT));             \
-        check_promoted_types<signed int>(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT));                 \
-        check_promoted_types<int>(FUNC<int>(INPUT));                               \
-        check_promoted_types<unsigned long long>(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT)); \
-        check_promoted_types<long long>(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT));            \
-        check_promoted_types<long long>(FUNC<long long>(INPUT));                   \
-        check_promoted_types<float>(FUNC<float>(INPUT));                           \
-        check_promoted_types<double>(FUNC<double>(INPUT));
-
-#define CHECK_STDDEV_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(FUNC, INPUT)                            \
-        {                                                                          \
-        using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(INPUT)>::value_type;    \
-        using promo_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_integral<result_type>::value,\
-                                              double,                              \
-                                              float>;                              \
-                                                                                   \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned char>(INPUT));              \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed char>(INPUT));                \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<char>(INPUT));                       \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned short>(INPUT));             \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed short>(INPUT));               \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<short>(INPUT));                      \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned int>(INPUT));               \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed int>(INPUT));                 \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<int>(INPUT));                        \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<unsigned long long>(INPUT));         \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<signed long long>(INPUT));           \
-        check_promoted_types<promo_type>(FUNC<long long>(INPUT));                  \
-        check_promoted_types<float>(FUNC<float>(INPUT));                           \
-        check_promoted_types<double>(FUNC<double>(INPUT));                         \
-        }
-
-#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT)        \
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(sum, INPUT)           \
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, INPUT)          \
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(prod, INPUT)          \
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(variance, INPUT)      \
-        CHECK_STDDEV_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(stddev, INPUT)
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT) \
+    CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(sum, INPUT)        \
+    CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(mean, INPUT)       \
+    CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(prod, INPUT)       \
+    CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(variance, INPUT)   \
+    CHECK_STDDEV_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE(stddev, INPUT)
 
     TEST(xmath, uchar_result_type)
     {
diff --git a/test/test_xmime.cpp b/test/test_xmime.cpp
index 3be9bcec6..c547e1b68 100644
--- a/test/test_xmime.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmime.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <iostream>
 
@@ -16,17 +14,19 @@
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmime.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xmime, xarray_two_d)
     {
-        xarray<double> e{{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                         {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                         {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+        xarray<double> e{{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
 
         nlohmann::json ser = mime_bundle_repr_impl(e);
 
-        nlohmann::json ref = {{"text/html", "<table style='border-style:solid;border-width:1px;'><tbody><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 0)'><pre>  1.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 1)'><pre>  2.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 2)'><pre>  3.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 3)'><pre>  4.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 0)'><pre>  5.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 1)'><pre>  6.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 2)'><pre>  7.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 3)'><pre>  8.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 0)'><pre>  9.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 1)'><pre> 10.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 2)'><pre> 11.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 3)'><pre> 12.</pre></td></tr></tbody></table>"}};
+        nlohmann::json ref = {
+            {"text/html",
+             "<table style='border-style:solid;border-width:1px;'><tbody><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 0)'><pre>  1.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 1)'><pre>  2.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 2)'><pre>  3.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 3)'><pre>  4.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 0)'><pre>  5.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 1)'><pre>  6.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 2)'><pre>  7.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 3)'><pre>  8.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 0)'><pre>  9.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 1)'><pre> 10.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 2)'><pre> 11.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 3)'><pre> 12.</pre></td></tr></tbody></table>"}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(ser, ref);
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
index cc27d0b41..ca267e606 100644
--- a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
@@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
-#include "test_common.hpp"
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
 
-namespace xt
-{
+#include "test_common.hpp"
 
-TEST_SUITE("xmultiindex_iterator")
+namespace xt
 {
 
-    TEST_CASE("sum")
+    TEST_SUITE("xmultiindex_iterator")
     {
-        using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        using iter_type = xmultiindex_iterator<shape_type>;
-
-        shape_type roi_begin{2,3,4};
-        shape_type roi_end{3,5,6};
-        shape_type current{2,3,4};
-        iter_type iter(roi_begin, roi_end, current, 0);
-
-
-        iter_type end(roi_begin, roi_end, roi_end, 4);
-
-        shape_type should(3);
-        for(should[0]=roi_begin[0]; should[0]<roi_end[0]; ++should[0])
-        for(should[1]=roi_begin[1]; should[1]<roi_end[1]; ++should[1])
-        for(should[2]=roi_begin[2]; should[2]<roi_end[2]; ++should[2])
+        TEST_CASE("sum")
         {
-            EXPECT_EQ(*iter, should);
-            ++iter;
+            using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
+            using iter_type = xmultiindex_iterator<shape_type>;
+
+            shape_type roi_begin{2, 3, 4};
+            shape_type roi_end{3, 5, 6};
+            shape_type current{2, 3, 4};
+            iter_type iter(roi_begin, roi_end, current, 0);
+
+
+            iter_type end(roi_begin, roi_end, roi_end, 4);
+
+            shape_type should(3);
+            for (should[0] = roi_begin[0]; should[0] < roi_end[0]; ++should[0])
+                for (should[1] = roi_begin[1]; should[1] < roi_end[1]; ++should[1])
+                    for (should[2] = roi_begin[2]; should[2] < roi_end[2]; ++should[2])
+                    {
+                        EXPECT_EQ(*iter, should);
+                        ++iter;
+                    }
+            EXPECT_TRUE(iter == end);
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(iter==end);
     }
-}
 
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index 003ab06d5..71ab5342e 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
+#include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #include "xtl/xtype_traits.hpp"
 
@@ -31,28 +32,25 @@ namespace xt
     static const double d_min = std::numeric_limits<double>::min();
     static const double d_max = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
 
-#define NAN_SENSITIVE_EQ(E1, E2, PLACE_HOLDER)                                                          \
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::isnan(E1), xt::equal(E2, PLACE_HOLDER));                                          \
-        EXPECT_EQ(xt::filter(E1, !xt::isnan(E1)), xt::filter(E2, xt::not_equal(E2, PLACE_HOLDER)));
+#define NAN_SENSITIVE_EQ(E1, E2, PLACE_HOLDER)             \
+    EXPECT_EQ(xt::isnan(E1), xt::equal(E2, PLACE_HOLDER)); \
+    EXPECT_EQ(xt::filter(E1, !xt::isnan(E1)), xt::filter(E2, xt::not_equal(E2, PLACE_HOLDER)));
 
     namespace nantest
     {
-        xarray<double> aN = {{ nanv, nanv, 123, 3 }, { 1, 2, nanv, 3 }, { 1, 1, nanv, 3 }};
-        xarray<double> aR = {{ 0, 0, 123 , 3 }, { 1, 2, 0 , 3}, { 1, 1, 0, 3 }};
-        xarray<double> aP = {{ 1, 1, 123 , 3}, { 1, 2, 1, 3 }, { 1, 1, 1, 3 }};
-        xarray<double> aI = {{ d_max, d_max, 123 , 3}, { 1, 2, d_max, 3 }, { 1, 1, d_max, 3 }};
-        xarray<double> aA = {{ d_min, d_min, 123 , 3}, { 1, 2, d_min, 3 }, { 1, 1, d_min, 3 }};
+        xarray<double> aN = {{nanv, nanv, 123, 3}, {1, 2, nanv, 3}, {1, 1, nanv, 3}};
+        xarray<double> aR = {{0, 0, 123, 3}, {1, 2, 0, 3}, {1, 1, 0, 3}};
+        xarray<double> aP = {{1, 1, 123, 3}, {1, 2, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 1, 3}};
+        xarray<double> aI = {{d_max, d_max, 123, 3}, {1, 2, d_max, 3}, {1, 1, d_max, 3}};
+        xarray<double> aA = {{d_min, d_min, 123, 3}, {1, 2, d_min, 3}, {1, 1, d_min, 3}};
 
         xarray<double> xN = {{{nanv, nanv}, {1, 2}}, {{3, nanv}, {nanv, 5}}};
-        xarray<double> xR = {{{0, 0}, {1,2}}, {{3, 0}, {0, 5}}};
-        xarray<double> xP = {{{1, 1}, {1,2}}, {{3, 1}, {1, 5}}};
+        xarray<double> xR = {{{0, 0}, {1, 2}}, {{3, 0}, {0, 5}}};
+        xarray<double> xP = {{{1, 1}, {1, 2}}, {{3, 1}, {1, 5}}};
         xarray<double> xI = {{{d_max, d_max}, {1, 2}}, {{3, d_max}, {d_max, 5}}};
         xarray<double> xA = {{{d_min, d_min}, {1, 2}}, {{3, d_min}, {d_min, 5}}};
 
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> cN = {
-            {1.0 + 1.0i, 1.0 + 1.0i, nanv      },
-            {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0       , 3.0 + 2.0i}
-        };
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cN = {{1.0 + 1.0i, 1.0 + 1.0i, nanv}, {1.0 - 1.0i, 1.0, 3.0 + 2.0i}};
 
     }
 
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         double neg_inf = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
         double inf = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
-        xarray<double> a = {{ nanv, nanv, 123}, {0.5123, neg_inf, inf}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{nanv, nanv, 123}, {0.5123, neg_inf, inf}};
 
         auto expr = nan_to_num(a);
         EXPECT_EQ(expr(0, 0), 0);
@@ -89,7 +87,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(expr(1, 1) < 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(expr(1, 2), std::numeric_limits<double>::max());
 
-        xarray<double> exp = {{ 0, 0, 123 }, {0.5123, std::numeric_limits<double>::lowest(), std::numeric_limits<double>::max() }};
+        xarray<double> exp = {
+            {0, 0, 123},
+            {0.5123, std::numeric_limits<double>::lowest(), std::numeric_limits<double>::max()}};
         xarray<double> assigned = exp;
         EXPECT_EQ(assigned, exp);
     }
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(ase, 17.125);
 
         xarray<double> eaN0 = {1.0, 1.5, 123, 3};
-        xarray<double> eaN1 = {63.0, 2.0, 5.0/3.0};
+        xarray<double> eaN1 = {63.0, 2.0, 5.0 / 3.0};
 
         EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {0}), eaN0);
         EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::aN, {1}), eaN1);
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(cs, std::complex<double>(1.4, 0.6));
         EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(cse, std::complex<double>(1.4, 0.6));
 
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> ecN0 = {1.0 + 0.0i, 1.0+0.5i, 3.0+2.0i};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> ecN0 = {1.0 + 0.0i, 1.0 + 0.5i, 3.0 + 2.0i};
         xarray<std::complex<double>> ecN1 = {1.0 + 1.0i, (5.0 + 1.0i) / 3.0};
 
         EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {0}), ecN0);
@@ -217,7 +217,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TENSOR_EQ(nanmean(nantest::cN, {1}, evaluation_strategy::immediate), ecN1);
     }
 
-
     TEST(xnanfunctions, nanvar)
     {
         auto as = nanvar(nantest::aN)();
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(ase, 1602.109375);
 
         xarray<double> eaN0 = {0.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.0};
-        xarray<double> eaN1 = {3600.0, 2.0/3.0, 8.0/9.0};
+        xarray<double> eaN1 = {3600.0, 2.0 / 3.0, 8.0 / 9.0};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(nanvar(nantest::aN, {0}), eaN0);
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(nanvar(nantest::aN, {1}), eaN1));
@@ -250,7 +249,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
     }
 
-    TEST(xnanfunctions, result_type) {
+    TEST(xnanfunctions, result_type)
+    {
         shape_type shape = {4, 3, 2};
         xarray<short> ashort(shape);
         xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
@@ -261,21 +261,21 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<float> afloat(shape);
         xarray<double> adouble(shape);
 
-#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE, MINMAX_TYPE)  \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE);      \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);          \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);           \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);           \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE);      \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE);
-
-#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, TEMPLATE_TYPE, RESULT_TYPE, STD_TYPE, MINMAX_TYPE)  \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                           \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                          \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                           \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), STD_TYPE)                              \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE)                           \
-        CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE)
+#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, RESULT_TYPE, MINMAX_TYPE) \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE);         \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);             \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);              \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd(INPUT, {1, 2}), double);              \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE);         \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE);
+
+#define CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(INPUT, TEMPLATE_TYPE, RESULT_TYPE, STD_TYPE, MINMAX_TYPE) \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nansum<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                              \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmean<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                             \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanvar<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), RESULT_TYPE)                              \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanstd<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), STD_TYPE)                                 \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmin<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE)                              \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(nanmax<TEMPLATE_TYPE>(INPUT, {1, 2}), MINMAX_TYPE)
 
         /*********
          * short *
@@ -329,7 +329,13 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned int, unsigned long long, double, unsigned long long);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long, unsigned long long, double, unsigned long long);
-        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(aulong, unsigned long long, unsigned long long, double, unsigned long long);
+        CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(
+            aulong,
+            unsigned long long,
+            unsigned long long,
+            double,
+            unsigned long long
+        );
 
         /*********
          * float *
@@ -349,6 +355,5 @@ namespace xt
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, float, double, double, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, double, double, double, double);
         CHECK_TEMPLATED_RESULT_TYPE_FOR_ALL(adouble, long double, long double, long double, long double);
-
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xnoalias.cpp b/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
index 2eb5725f0..7dd5bd810 100644
--- a/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    #define XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
+#define XNOALIAS_TEST_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
     TEST_SUITE("xnoalias")
     {
@@ -294,9 +295,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         TEST_CASE("scalar_ops")
         {
-            xarray<int> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-            xarray<int> b = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-            xarray<int> c = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
+            xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+            xarray<int> b = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+            xarray<int> c = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
 
             xscalar<int> one(1), five(5), twelve(12), seven(7), bhalf(0b00001111), bxor(0b01001111);
 
@@ -356,8 +357,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         TEST_CASE("rvalue")
         {
-            xarray<int> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-            xarray<int> b = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
+            xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+            xarray<int> b = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
 
             xt::noalias(xt::view(a, 1)) += 10;
             xt::view(b, 1) += 10;
diff --git a/test/test_xnorm.cpp b/test/test_xnorm.cpp
index 7d5b9e74e..420d16d21 100644
--- a/test/test_xnorm.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnorm.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <limits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
-#include <limits>
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -168,8 +169,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xnorm, matrix)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{ -1.0, 2.0},
-                            { -3.0, 4.0}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{-1.0, 2.0}, {-3.0, 4.0}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(norm_l0(a)(), 4u);
         EXPECT_EQ(norm_l1(a)(), 10.0);
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 18d5dacad..5c87cc8dd 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <fstream>
 
-#include "xtensor/xnpy.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnpy.hpp"
 
-#include <fstream>
-#include <cstdint>
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -21,42 +21,38 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::string lts = lt == layout_type::row_major ? "" : "_fortran";
         std::string endianness;
-        switch(xtl::endianness())
+        switch (xtl::endianness())
         {
-        case xtl::endian::big_endian:
-            endianness = ".be";
-            break;
-        case xtl::endian::little_endian:
-            endianness = ".le";
-            break;
-        case xtl::endian::mixed:
-            endianness = ".unsupported";
-            break;
+            case xtl::endian::big_endian:
+                endianness = ".be";
+                break;
+            case xtl::endian::little_endian:
+                endianness = ".le";
+                break;
+            case xtl::endian::mixed:
+                endianness = ".unsupported";
+                break;
         }
         return npy_prefix + lts + endianness + ".npy";
     }
 
     TEST(xnpy, load)
     {
-        xarray<double> darr = {{{ 0.29731723,  0.04380157,  0.94748308},
-                                { 0.85020643,  0.52958618,  0.0598172 },
-                                { 0.77253259,  0.47564231,  0.70274005}},
-                               {{ 0.85998447,  0.61160158,  0.44432939},
-                                { 0.25506765,  0.97420976,  0.15455842},
-                                { 0.05873659,  0.66191764,  0.01448838}},
-                               {{ 0.175919  ,  0.13850365,  0.94059426},
-                                { 0.79941809,  0.5124432 ,  0.51364796},
-                                { 0.25721979,  0.41608858,  0.06255319}}};
-
-        xarray<bool> barr = {{{ 0, 0, 1},
-                              { 1, 1, 0},
-                              { 1, 0, 1}},
-                             {{ 1, 1, 0},
-                              { 0, 1, 0},
-                              { 0, 1, 0}},
-                             {{ 0, 0, 1},
-                              { 1, 1, 1},
-                              { 0, 0, 0}}};
+        xarray<double> darr = {
+            {{0.29731723, 0.04380157, 0.94748308},
+             {0.85020643, 0.52958618, 0.0598172},
+             {0.77253259, 0.47564231, 0.70274005}},
+            {{0.85998447, 0.61160158, 0.44432939},
+             {0.25506765, 0.97420976, 0.15455842},
+             {0.05873659, 0.66191764, 0.01448838}},
+            {{0.175919, 0.13850365, 0.94059426},
+             {0.79941809, 0.5124432, 0.51364796},
+             {0.25721979, 0.41608858, 0.06255319}}};
+
+        xarray<bool> barr = {
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1}},
+            {{1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}},
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}};
 
         xarray<int> iarr1d = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
 
@@ -65,7 +61,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::ifstream dstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double"));
         auto darr_loaded_stream = load_npy<double>(dstream);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded_stream)),"Loading double numpy array from stream failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded_stream)), "Loading double numpy array from stream failed");
         dstream.close();
 
         auto barr_loaded = load_npy<bool>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
@@ -73,10 +69,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::ifstream bstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
         auto barr_loaded_stream = load_npy<bool>(bstream);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded_stream)),"Loading boolean numpy array from stream failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded_stream)), "Loading boolean numpy array from stream failed");
         bstream.close();
 
-        auto dfarr_loaded = load_npy<double, layout_type::column_major>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double_fortran"));
+        auto dfarr_loaded = load_npy<double, layout_type::column_major>(
+            get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double_fortran")
+        );
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(isclose(darr, dfarr_loaded)));
 
         auto iarr1d_loaded = load_npy<int>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/int"));
@@ -109,17 +107,20 @@ namespace xt
     bool compare_binary_files(std::string fn1, std::string fn2)
     {
         std::ifstream stream1(fn1, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
-        std::vector<uint8_t> fn1_contents((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(stream1)),
-                                          std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+        std::vector<uint8_t> fn1_contents(
+            (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(stream1)),
+            std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
+        );
 
         std::ifstream stream2(fn2, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
-        std::vector<uint8_t> fn2_contents((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(stream2)),
-                                          std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
-        return std::equal(fn1_contents.begin(), fn1_contents.end(), fn2_contents.begin()) &&
-            fn1_contents.size() == fn2_contents.size();
+        std::vector<uint8_t> fn2_contents(
+            (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(stream2)),
+            std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
+        );
+        return std::equal(fn1_contents.begin(), fn1_contents.end(), fn2_contents.begin())
+               && fn1_contents.size() == fn2_contents.size();
     }
 
-
     std::string get_dump_filename(int n)
     {
         std::string filename = "files/xnpy_files/test_dump_" + std::to_string(n) + ".npy";
@@ -134,15 +135,10 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xnpy, dump)
     {
         std::string filename = get_dump_filename(0);
-        xarray<bool> barr = {{{0, 0, 1},
-                              {1, 1, 0},
-                              {1, 0, 1}},
-                             {{1, 1, 0},
-                              {0, 1, 0},
-                              {0, 1, 0}},
-                             {{0, 0, 1},
-                              {1, 1, 1},
-                              {0, 0, 0}}};
+        xarray<bool> barr = {
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1}},
+            {{1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}},
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}};
 
         xtensor<uint64_t, 1> ularr = {12ul, 14ul, 16ul, 18ul, 1234321ul};
         dump_npy(filename, barr);
@@ -153,7 +149,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::string barr_str = dump_npy(barr);
         std::string barr_disk = read_file(compare_name);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(barr_str==barr_disk,"Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(barr_str == barr_disk, "Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
 
         std::remove(filename.c_str());
 
@@ -168,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::string ularr_str = dump_npy(ularr);
         std::string ularr_disk = read_file(compare_name);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(ularr_str==ularr_disk,"Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(ularr_str == ularr_disk, "Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
 
         std::remove(filename.c_str());
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xoperation.cpp b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
index cb2e5b517..8410d9545 100644
--- a/test/test_xoperation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 
-#include "test_common.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-
 #include <cstddef>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        my_double(double d = 0.) : m_value(d) {}
+        my_double(double d = 0.)
+            : m_value(d)
+        {
+        }
 
         double& operator+=(double rhs)
         {
@@ -82,11 +85,11 @@ namespace xt
     class operation : public ::testing::Test
     {
     public:
+
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
 
-
     template <class T>
     struct int_rebind;
 
@@ -110,14 +113,16 @@ namespace xt
         double a = 0;
         size_t b = 0;
 
-        explicit operator double() const { return a; }
+        explicit operator double() const
+        {
+            return a;
+        }
     };
 
-
     using xarray_type = xarray<double>;
-    using xtensor_2_type =  xtensor<double, 2>;
+    using xtensor_2_type = xtensor<double, 2>;
 
-    #define XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES xarray_type, xtensor_2_type
+#define XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES xarray_type, xtensor_2_type
 
     TEST_SUITE("operation")
     {
@@ -510,37 +515,37 @@ namespace xt
 
         TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("where", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            TypeParam a = { { 1, 2, 3 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 4, 1 } };
+            TypeParam a = {{1, 2, 3}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 4, 1}};
             double b = 1.0;
             TypeParam res = where(a > b, b, a);
-            TypeParam expected = { { 1, 1, 1 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ 0, 1, 1 } };
+            TypeParam expected = {{1, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1}};
             EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
 
-    #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
             // This will fail to compile if simd is broken for conditional_ternary
             auto func = where(a > b, b, a);
             auto s = func.template load_simd<xsimd::aligned_mode>(0);
-            (void)s;
+            (void) s;
 
             using assign_traits = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(func)>;
 
             EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
-    #endif
+#endif
         }
 
         TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("where_optional", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
         {
             using opt_type = xoptional_assembly<TypeParam, xtensor<bool, 2>>;
             auto missing = xtl::missing<double>();
-            opt_type a = { { 1, missing, 3 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ missing, 4, 1 } };
+            opt_type a = {{1, missing, 3}, {0, 1, 0}, {missing, 4, 1}};
             double b = 1.0;
 
             opt_type res = where(a > b, b, a);
-            opt_type expected = { { 1, missing, 1 },{ 0, 1, 0 },{ missing, 1, 1 } };
+            opt_type expected = {{1, missing, 1}, {0, 1, 0}, {missing, 1, 1}};
             EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
 
             opt_type res1 = where(true, a + 3, a);
-            opt_type expected1 = { { 4, missing, 6 },{ 3, 4, 3 },{ missing, 7, 4 } };
+            opt_type expected1 = {{4, missing, 6}, {3, 4, 3}, {missing, 7, 4}};
             EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res1);
         }
 
@@ -550,7 +555,7 @@ namespace xt
             int_container_2d a = {{0, 1, 0}, {3, 0, 5}};
             double res1 = 1.2;
             TypeParam b = where(equal(a, 0.0), res1, 0.0);
-            TypeParam expected = { {1.2, 0., 1.2}, {0., 1.2, 0.} };
+            TypeParam expected = {{1.2, 0., 1.2}, {0., 1.2, 0.}};
             EXPECT_EQ(b, expected);
         }
 
@@ -568,7 +573,11 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(expected, argwhere(a));
 
             int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
-            std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_b = {{0, 1}, {0, 2}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}};
+            std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_b = {
+                {0, 1},
+                {0, 2},
+                {1, 0},
+                {1, 1}};
             EXPECT_EQ(expected_b, argwhere(b));
 
             auto c = equal(b, 0);
@@ -600,7 +609,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using vtype_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, vtype>;
             using shape_type = typename vtype_container_t::shape_type;
-            shape_type shape = { 3, 2 };
+            shape_type shape = {3, 2};
             vtype_container_t a(shape);
             auto ref = static_cast<double>(a(0, 0));
             auto actual = (cast<double>(a))(0, 0);
@@ -620,22 +629,22 @@ namespace xt
 
         TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("assign_traits", TypeParam, XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES)
         {
-            TypeParam a = { { 0., 1., 2. },{ 3., 4., 5. } };
-            TypeParam b = { { 0., 1., 2. },{ 3., 4., 5. } };
+            TypeParam a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
+            TypeParam b = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
 
             SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<double>")
             {
                 auto fd = a + b;
                 using assign_traits_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fd)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_double::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 // SFINAE on load_simd is broken on mingw when xsimd is disabled. This using
                 // triggers the same error as the one caught by mingw.
                 using return_type = decltype(fd.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_double::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
 
             SUBCASE("double * xarray<double>")
@@ -643,30 +652,30 @@ namespace xt
                 xscalar<double> sd = 2.;
                 auto fsd = sd * a;
                 using assign_traits_scalar_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fsd)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 auto batch = fsd.template load_simd<double>(0);
-                (void)batch;
+                (void) batch;
                 EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_scalar_double::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 using return_type = decltype(fsd.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_scalar_double::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
 
             SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<int>")
             {
                 using int_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, int>;
-                int_container_t c = { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
+                int_container_t c = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
                 auto fm = a + c;
                 using assign_traits_mixed = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fm)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 using return_type = decltype(fm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
 
             SUBCASE("int * xarray<double>")
@@ -674,43 +683,43 @@ namespace xt
                 xscalar<int> si = 2;
                 auto fsm = si * a;
                 using assign_traits_scalar_mixed = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fsm)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_scalar_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 using return_type = decltype(fsm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_scalar_mixed::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
 
             SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<char>")
             {
                 using char_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, char>;
-                char_container_t d = { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
+                char_container_t d = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
                 auto fdc = a + d;
                 using assign_traits_char_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fdc)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_char_double::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 using return_type = decltype(fdc.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_char_double::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
 
             SUBCASE("xarray<double> + xarray<my_double>")
             {
                 using md_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, my_double>;
-                md_container_t d =  { { 0, 1, 2 },{ 3, 4, 5 } };
+                md_container_t d = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
                 auto fdm = a + d;
                 using assign_traits_md_double = xassign_traits<TypeParam, decltype(fdm)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_md_double::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 using return_type = decltype(fdm.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_md_double::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, double>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
 
             SUBCASE("xarray<double> > xarray<double>")
@@ -718,13 +727,13 @@ namespace xt
                 auto fgt = a > b;
                 using bool_container_t = xop_test::rebind_container_t<TypeParam, bool>;
                 using assign_traits_gt = xassign_traits<bool_container_t, decltype(fgt)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_gt::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 using return_type = decltype(fgt.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_gt::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, bool>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
 
             SUBCASE("xarray<bool> || xarray<bool>")
@@ -734,41 +743,39 @@ namespace xt
                 bool_container_t b1 = {{true, true, false}, {false, true, true}};
                 auto fb = b0 || b1;
                 using assign_traits_bool_bool = xassign_traits<bool_container_t, decltype(fb)>;
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits_bool_bool::simd_linear_assign());
-    #else
+#else
                 using return_type = decltype(fb.template load_simd<aligned_mode>(std::size_t(0)));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits_bool_bool::simd_linear_assign());
                 EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<return_type, bool>::value));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
         }
 
 
-
-
         TEST(operation, mixed_assign)
         {
-            xt::xarray<double> asrc = { 1., 2. };
-            xt::xarray<std::size_t> bsrc = { std::size_t(3), std::size_t(4) };
+            xt::xarray<double> asrc = {1., 2.};
+            xt::xarray<std::size_t> bsrc = {std::size_t(3), std::size_t(4)};
 
             xt::xarray<double> a(asrc);
-            xt::xarray<double> aexp = { 3., 4. };
+            xt::xarray<double> aexp = {3., 4.};
             a = bsrc;
 
             xt::xarray<std::size_t> b(bsrc);
-            xt::xarray<std::size_t> bexp = { std::size_t(1), std::size_t(2) };
+            xt::xarray<std::size_t> bexp = {std::size_t(1), std::size_t(2)};
             b = asrc;
             EXPECT_EQ(b, bexp);
         }
 
         TEST(operation, mixed_bool_assign)
         {
-            xt::xarray<double> a = { 1., 6. };
-            xt::xarray<double> b = { 2., 3. };
+            xt::xarray<double> a = {1., 6.};
+            xt::xarray<double> b = {2., 3.};
             using uchar = unsigned char;
             xt::xarray<uchar> res = a > b;
-            xt::xarray<uchar> exp = { uchar(0), uchar(1) };
+            xt::xarray<uchar> exp = {uchar(0), uchar(1)};
             EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
         }
 
@@ -792,11 +799,11 @@ namespace xt
 
             SUBCASE("row_major + row_major")
             {
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frr));
-    #else
+#else
                 EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, frr));
-    #endif
+#endif
                 EXPECT_FALSE(frr_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, frr));
             }
 
@@ -809,19 +816,18 @@ namespace xt
             SUBCASE("row_major + column_major")
             {
                 EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(a, fcc));
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
                 EXPECT_TRUE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, fcc));
-    #else
+#else
                 EXPECT_FALSE(fcc_traits::simd_linear_assign(b, fcc));
-    #endif
+#endif
             }
-
         }
 
         TEST_CASE("left_shift")
         {
-            xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
-            xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
+            xarray<int> arr({5, 1, 1000});
+            xarray<int> arr2({2, 1, 3});
             xarray<int> res1 = left_shift(arr, 4);
             xarray<int> res2 = left_shift(arr, arr2);
             EXPECT_EQ(left_shift(arr, 4)(1), 16);
@@ -839,8 +845,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         TEST_CASE("right_shift")
         {
-            xarray<int> arr({5,1, 1000});
-            xarray<int> arr2({2,1, 3});
+            xarray<int> arr({5, 1, 1000});
+            xarray<int> arr2({2, 1, 3});
             xarray<int> res1 = right_shift(arr, 4);
             xarray<int> res2 = right_shift(arr, arr2);
             EXPECT_EQ(right_shift(arr, 4)(1), 0);
@@ -856,6 +862,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
         }
     }
-    #undef XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES
+
+#undef XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES
 
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional.cpp b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
index bd25d61f2..4401903b9 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -17,13 +15,13 @@
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xoptional, tensor)
     {
-        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m
-            {{ 1.0 ,       2.0         },
-             { 3.0 , xtl::missing<double>() }};
+        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m{{1.0, 2.0}, {3.0, xtl::missing<double>()}};
 
         ASSERT_EQ(m(0, 0).value(), 1.0);
         ASSERT_EQ(m(1, 0).value(), 3.0);
@@ -57,13 +55,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, operation)
     {
-        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m1
-            {{ 0.0 ,       2.0         },
-             { 3.0 , xtl::missing<double>() }};
+        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m1{{0.0, 2.0}, {3.0, xtl::missing<double>()}};
 
-        xtensor<double, 2> m2
-            {{ 1.0 , 2.0 },
-             { 3.0 , 1.0 }};
+        xtensor<double, 2> m2{{1.0, 2.0}, {3.0, 1.0}};
 
         auto res_add = m1 + m2;
         ASSERT_EQ(res_add(0, 0).value(), 1.0);
@@ -97,9 +91,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, bool_operation)
     {
-        xtensor_optional<bool, 2> m1
-            {{ false ,       true },
-             { false , xtl::missing<bool>() }};
+        xtensor_optional<bool, 2> m1{{false, true}, {false, xtl::missing<bool>()}};
 
         xtensor_optional<bool, 2> res = m1 && m1;
         EXPECT_FALSE(res(0, 0).value());
@@ -111,9 +103,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xoptional, xio)
     {
         std::ostringstream oss;
-        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m
-            {{ 0.0 ,       2.0         },
-             { 3.0 , xtl::missing<double>() }};
+        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m{{0.0, 2.0}, {3.0, xtl::missing<double>()}};
 
         oss << m;
         std::string expect = "{{  0,   2},\n {  3, N/A}}";
@@ -122,9 +112,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, ufunc)
     {
-        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m
-            {{ 0.0 ,       2.0         },
-             { 3.0 , xtl::missing<double>() }};
+        xtensor_optional<double, 2> m{{0.0, 2.0}, {3.0, xtl::missing<double>()}};
 
         auto flag_view = xt::has_value(m);
 
@@ -146,9 +134,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, ufunc_nonoptional)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 2> m
-            {{ 0.0 , 2.0 },
-             { 3.0 , 1.0 }};
+        xtensor<double, 2> m{{0.0, 2.0}, {3.0, 1.0}};
 
         auto flag_view = has_value(m);
 
@@ -161,16 +147,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, dynamic_view)
     {
-        xarray_optional<int> a = {{{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                                   {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                                   {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                                  {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                                   {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                                   {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+        xarray_optional<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
 
-        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ 1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4) }));
+        auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4)}));
         auto v_view = view0.value();
         auto hv_view = view0.has_value();
 
@@ -196,43 +179,39 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, function_on_view)
     {
-        xarray_optional<int> a = {{{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                                   {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                                   {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                                  {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                                   {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                                   {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+        xarray_optional<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
 
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
 
-        auto va = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({ 1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4) }));
+        auto va = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4)}));
 
-        xarray_optional<int> b = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                  {3, 4, 5}};
+        xarray_optional<int> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
         auto f = va + b;
         auto vf = f.value();
         auto hvf = f.has_value();
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(vf(0,0), 13);
-        EXPECT_EQ(vf(0,1), 15);
-        EXPECT_EQ(vf(0,2), 17);
-        EXPECT_EQ(vf(1,0), 24);
-        EXPECT_EQ(vf(1,1), 26);
-        EXPECT_EQ(vf(1,2), 28);
+        EXPECT_EQ(vf(0, 0), 13);
+        EXPECT_EQ(vf(0, 1), 15);
+        EXPECT_EQ(vf(0, 2), 17);
+        EXPECT_EQ(vf(1, 0), 24);
+        EXPECT_EQ(vf(1, 1), 26);
+        EXPECT_EQ(vf(1, 2), 28);
 
-        EXPECT_FALSE(hvf(0,0));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(0,1));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(0,2));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(1,0));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(1,1));
-        EXPECT_FALSE(hvf(1,2));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(hvf(0, 0));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(0, 1));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(0, 2));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(1, 0));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(hvf(1, 1));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(hvf(1, 2));
 
         xarray_optional<int> res = f;
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < f.shape()[0]; ++i)
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < f.shape()[0]; ++i)
         {
-            for(size_t j = 0; j < f.shape()[1]; ++j)
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < f.shape()[1]; ++j)
             {
                 EXPECT_EQ(f(i, j), res(i, j));
             }
@@ -241,8 +220,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, broadcast)
     {
-        xarray_optional<int> a = {{1, 2, 3},
-                                  {4, 5, 6}};
+        xarray_optional<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         a(0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2).has_value() = false;
 
@@ -250,11 +228,11 @@ namespace xt
         auto vbr = br.value();
         auto hvbr = br.has_value();
 
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < br.shape()[0]; ++i)
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < br.shape()[0]; ++i)
         {
-            for(size_t j = 0; j < br.shape()[1]; ++j)
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < br.shape()[1]; ++j)
             {
-                for(size_t k = 0; k < br.shape()[2]; ++k)
+                for (size_t k = 0; k < br.shape()[2]; ++k)
                 {
                     EXPECT_EQ(vbr(i, j, k), a(0, j, k).value());
                     EXPECT_EQ(hvbr(i, j, k), a(0, j, k).has_value());
@@ -268,16 +246,32 @@ namespace xt
     public:
 
         point() = default;
+
         point(int x, int y)
-            : m_x(x), m_y(y)
+            : m_x(x)
+            , m_y(y)
         {
         }
 
-        int& x() noexcept { return m_x; }
-        int& y() noexcept { return m_y; }
+        int& x() noexcept
+        {
+            return m_x;
+        }
 
-        const int& x() const noexcept { return m_x; }
-        const int& y() const noexcept { return m_y; }
+        int& y() noexcept
+        {
+            return m_y;
+        }
+
+        const int& x() const noexcept
+        {
+            return m_x;
+        }
+
+        const int& y() const noexcept
+        {
+            return m_y;
+        }
 
     private:
 
@@ -293,20 +287,27 @@ namespace xt
         using pointer = int*;
         using const_pointer = const int*;
 
-        reference operator()(point& p) const noexcept { return p.x(); }
-        const_reference operator()(const point& p) const noexcept { return p.x(); }
+        reference operator()(point& p) const noexcept
+        {
+            return p.x();
+        }
+
+        const_reference operator()(const point& p) const noexcept
+        {
+            return p.x();
+        }
 
         // Compilation trick: a functor view on xarray_optional<point> expects the functor
         // to provide operator() accepting reference and const_reference from xarray_optional<point>
         // Since we never use these overloads, no need to declare the right one, nor to provide
         // any implementation.
-        template <class T> T&& operator()(T&&) const noexcept;
+        template <class T>
+        T&& operator()(T&&) const noexcept;
     };
 
     TEST(xoptional, functor_view)
     {
-        xarray_optional<point> a = {{point(0, 0), point(0, 1)},
-                                    {point(1, 0), point(1, 1)}};
+        xarray_optional<point> a = {{point(0, 0), point(0, 1)}, {point(1, 0), point(1, 1)}};
         a(0, 0).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 0).has_value() = false;
 
@@ -333,12 +334,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, index_view)
     {
-        xarray_optional<int> a = {{1, 2, 3},
-                                  {4, 5, 6}};
+        xarray_optional<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         a(0, 0).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2).has_value() = false;
 
-        auto iv = index_view(a, {{0ul,0ul}, {0ul,2ul}, {1ul,1ul}, {1ul,2ul}});
+        auto iv = index_view(a, {{0ul, 0ul}, {0ul, 2ul}, {1ul, 1ul}, {1ul, 2ul}});
         auto viv = iv.value();
         auto hviv = iv.has_value();
 
@@ -355,8 +355,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, reducer)
     {
-        xarray_optional<int> a = {{1, 2, 3},
-                                  {4, 5, 6}};
+        xarray_optional<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         a(1, 2).has_value() = false;
 
         auto red = sum(a, {1});
@@ -372,12 +371,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, strided_view)
     {
-        xarray_optional<int> a = {{{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                                   {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                                   {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                                  {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                                   {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                                   {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+        xarray_optional<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
 
@@ -390,24 +386,21 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(hv_view.shape()[0], std::size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(hv_view.shape()[1], std::size_t(3));
 
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < v_view.shape()[0]; ++i)
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < v_view.shape()[0]; ++i)
         {
-            for(size_t j = 0; j < v_view.shape()[1]; ++j)
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < v_view.shape()[1]; ++j)
             {
-                EXPECT_EQ(v_view(i, j), a(1, i, j+1).value());
-                EXPECT_EQ(hv_view(i, j), a(1, i, j+1).has_value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(v_view(i, j), a(1, i, j + 1).value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(hv_view(i, j), a(1, i, j + 1).has_value());
             }
         }
     }
 
     TEST(xoptional, view)
     {
-        xarray_optional<int> a = {{{0, 1, 2, 3},
-                                   {4, 5, 6, 7},
-                                   {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-                                  {{12, 13, 14, 15},
-                                   {16, 17, 18, 19},
-                                   {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+        xarray_optional<int> a = {
+            {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
 
@@ -420,12 +413,12 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(hv_view.shape()[0], std::size_t(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(hv_view.shape()[1], std::size_t(3));
 
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < v_view.shape()[0]; ++i)
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < v_view.shape()[0]; ++i)
         {
-            for(size_t j = 0; j < v_view.shape()[1]; ++j)
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < v_view.shape()[1]; ++j)
             {
-                EXPECT_EQ(v_view(i, j), a(1, i, j+1).value());
-                EXPECT_EQ(hv_view(i, j), a(1, i, j+1).has_value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(v_view(i, j), a(1, i, j + 1).value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(hv_view(i, j), a(1, i, j + 1).has_value());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -444,7 +437,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         bool operator()(T t) const
         {
-            return t%2 == 0;
+            return t % 2 == 0;
         }
     };
 
@@ -466,8 +459,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         xtl::xoptional<int, bool> operator()(T t) const
         {
-            return xtl::xoptional<int, bool>(m_value_functor(t),
-                                             m_flag_functor(t));
+            return xtl::xoptional<int, bool>(m_value_functor(t), m_flag_functor(t));
         }
 
         value_functor_type m_value_functor;
@@ -476,13 +468,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional, cast)
     {
-        xarray_optional<double> a = {{1.2, 2.3, 3.4},
-                                     {4.5, 5.6, 6.7}};
+        xarray_optional<double> a = {{1.2, 2.3, 3.4}, {4.5, 5.6, 6.7}};
         a(1, 2).has_value() = false;
         auto b = cast<xtl::xoptional<int>>(a);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b(0,2).has_value());
-        EXPECT_EQ(b(0,2), 3);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(b(1,2).has_value());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(b(0, 2).has_value());
+        EXPECT_EQ(b(0, 2), 3);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(b(1, 2).has_value());
     }
 
     TEST(xoptional, generator)
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
index dc626f0be..7bb413426 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     using array_type = xarray<int>;
     using flag_array_type = xarray<bool>;
     using opt_ass_type = xoptional_assembly<array_type, flag_array_type>;
-    using cm_opt_ass_type = xoptional_assembly<xarray<int, layout_type::column_major>, xarray<bool, layout_type::column_major>>;
+    using cm_opt_ass_type = xoptional_assembly<
+        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major>,
+        xarray<bool, layout_type::column_major>>;
     using dyn_opt_ass_type = xoptional_assembly<xarray<int, layout_type::dynamic>, xarray<bool, layout_type::dynamic>>;
 
     TEST(xoptional_assembly, shaped_constructor)
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a2(1, 0), opt(3, true));
         EXPECT_EQ(a2(1, 1), opt(4, true));
 
-        array_type value2 = { {1, 2}, {3, 4} };
+        array_type value2 = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
         opt_ass_type a3(std::move(value2));
         EXPECT_EQ(a3(0, 0), opt(1, true));
         EXPECT_EQ(a3(0, 1), opt(2, true));
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xoptional_assembly, unchecked)
     {
         using opt = xtl::xoptional<int>;
-        opt_ass_type a = { { opt(1), opt(2, false) },{ opt(3, false), opt(4) } };
+        opt_ass_type a = {{opt(1), opt(2, false)}, {opt(3, false), opt(4)}};
         EXPECT_EQ(a.unchecked(0, 0), opt(1, true));
         EXPECT_EQ(a.unchecked(0, 1), opt(2, false));
         EXPECT_EQ(a.unchecked(1, 0), opt(3, false));
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         {
             shape_type s2 = {3, 1, 4, 2};
-        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
+            SUBCASE("different dimensions")
             vec.resize(s2);
             shape_type s3 = {5, 3, 1, 4, 2};
             shape_type s3r = s3;
@@ -328,7 +329,10 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[1], rma(0, 1));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[2], rma(1, 0));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[3], rma(1, 1));
-            EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), std::size_t(std::distance(rma.begin<layout_type::row_major>(), rma.end<layout_type::row_major>())));
+            EXPECT_EQ(
+                vec.size(),
+                std::size_t(std::distance(rma.begin<layout_type::row_major>(), rma.end<layout_type::row_major>()))
+            );
         }
 
         SUBCASE("column_major storage iterator")
@@ -339,7 +343,12 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[1], cma(1, 0));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[2], cma(0, 1));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[3], cma(1, 1));
-            EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), std::size_t(std::distance(cma.begin<layout_type::column_major>(), cma.end<layout_type::column_major>())));
+            EXPECT_EQ(
+                vec.size(),
+                std::size_t(
+                    std::distance(cma.begin<layout_type::column_major>(), cma.end<layout_type::column_major>())
+                )
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -493,12 +502,16 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xoptional_assembly, mixed_semantic)
     {
-        using d_opt_ass_type = xoptional_assembly<xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>, xarray<bool, layout_type::row_major>>;
+        using d_opt_ass_type = xoptional_assembly<
+            xarray<double, layout_type::row_major>,
+            xarray<bool, layout_type::row_major>>;
         using opt = xtl::xoptional<double>;
-        d_opt_ass_type a = {{opt(1.), opt(2., false), opt(3., false), opt(4.)},
-                            {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8., false)}};
-        xarray_optional<double> b = {{opt(1.), opt(2.), opt(3., false), opt(4., false)},
-                                     {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8.)}};
+        d_opt_ass_type a = {
+            {opt(1.), opt(2., false), opt(3., false), opt(4.)},
+            {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8., false)}};
+        xarray_optional<double> b = {
+            {opt(1.), opt(2.), opt(3., false), opt(4., false)},
+            {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8.)}};
 
         d_opt_ass_type res = a + b;
         EXPECT_EQ(res(0, 0), opt(2.));
@@ -514,13 +527,15 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xoptional_assembly, mixed_expression)
     {
         using opt = xtl::xoptional<int>;
-        dyn_opt_ass_type a = { { opt(1), opt(2, false), opt(3, false), opt(4) },
-                               { opt(5, false), opt(6), opt(7), opt(8, false) } };
-        xarray<int> b = { { 1, 2, 3, 4}, { 5, 6, 7, 8} };
+        dyn_opt_ass_type a = {
+            {opt(1), opt(2, false), opt(3, false), opt(4)},
+            {opt(5, false), opt(6), opt(7), opt(8, false)}};
+        xarray<int> b = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
 
         dyn_opt_ass_type c = a + b;
-        dyn_opt_ass_type res = { { opt(2), opt(4, false), opt(6, false), opt(8) },
-                                 { opt(10, false), opt(12), opt(14), opt(16, false) } };
+        dyn_opt_ass_type res = {
+            {opt(2), opt(4, false), opt(6, false), opt(8)},
+            {opt(10, false), opt(12), opt(14), opt(16, false)}};
         EXPECT_EQ(res, c);
 
         dyn_opt_ass_type d = 2 * a;
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
index aaf8f4f3b..4ece93ce8 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -139,8 +138,7 @@ namespace xt
         array_type v = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         flag_array_type hv = {{true, false, true}, {false, true, false}};
         adaptor_type a(v, hv);
-        std::vector<std::size_t> v00({0, 0}), v01({0, 1}), v02({0, 2}),
-            v10({1, 0}), v11({1, 1}), v12({1, 2});
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v00({0, 0}), v01({0, 1}), v02({0, 2}), v10({1, 0}), v11({1, 1}), v12({1, 2});
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a.element(v00.begin(), v00.end()), opt(1, true));
         EXPECT_EQ(a.element(v01.begin(), v01.end()), opt(2, false));
@@ -156,8 +154,7 @@ namespace xt
         array_type v = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         flag_array_type hv = {{true, false, true}, {false, true, false}};
         adaptor_type a(v, hv);
-        xindex i00({0, 0}), i01({0, 1}), i02({0, 2}),
-            i10({1, 0}), i11({1, 1}), i12({1, 2});
+        xindex i00({0, 0}), i01({0, 1}), i02({0, 2}), i10({1, 0}), i11({1, 1}), i12({1, 2});
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a[i00], opt(1, true));
         EXPECT_EQ((a[{0, 0}]), opt(1, true));
@@ -206,7 +203,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         {
             shape_type s2 = {3, 1, 4, 2};
-        SUBCASE("different dimensions")
+            SUBCASE("different dimensions")
             a.resize(s2);
             shape_type s3 = {5, 3, 1, 4, 2};
             shape_type s3r = s3;
@@ -232,7 +229,10 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[1], rma(0, 1));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[2], rma(1, 0));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[3], rma(1, 1));
-            EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), std::size_t(std::distance(rma.begin<layout_type::row_major>(), rma.end<layout_type::row_major>())));
+            EXPECT_EQ(
+                vec.size(),
+                std::size_t(std::distance(rma.begin<layout_type::row_major>(), rma.end<layout_type::row_major>()))
+            );
         }
 
         SUBCASE("column_major storage iterator")
@@ -246,7 +246,12 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[1], cma(1, 0));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[2], cma(0, 1));
             EXPECT_EQ(vec[3], cma(1, 1));
-            EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), std::size_t(std::distance(cma.begin<layout_type::column_major>(), cma.end<layout_type::column_major>())));
+            EXPECT_EQ(
+                vec.size(),
+                std::size_t(
+                    std::distance(cma.begin<layout_type::column_major>(), cma.end<layout_type::column_major>())
+                )
+            );
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
index 22b2067a8..ac703df42 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xpad.cpp b/test/test_xpad.cpp
index e6c470588..a730a0177 100644
--- a/test/test_xpad.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xpad.cpp
@@ -1,46 +1,44 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xpad.hpp"
 
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xpad, constant_a)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-                                    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-                                    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0},
-                                    {0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0},
-                                    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-                                    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+            {0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0},
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2,2}, {3,3}}, xt::pad_mode::constant);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::constant);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, constant_b)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, 0, xt::pad_mode::constant);
 
@@ -49,56 +47,48 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xpad, constant_c)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 0, 0},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 0, 0},
-                                    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 0, 0}, {3, 4, 5, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0,1}, {0,2}}, xt::pad_mode::constant);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0, 1}, {0, 2}}, xt::pad_mode::constant);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, constant_d)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-                                    {0, 0, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {0, 0, 3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 1, 2}, {0, 0, 3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1,0}, {2,0}}, xt::pad_mode::constant);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}}, xt::pad_mode::constant);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, wrap_a)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
+            {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
+            {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
+            {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2,2}, {3,3}}, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, wrap_b)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, 0, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
 
@@ -107,56 +97,48 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xpad, wrap_c)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 0, 1},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 3, 4},
-                                    {0, 1, 2, 0, 1}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 0, 1}, {3, 4, 5, 3, 4}, {0, 1, 2, 0, 1}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0,1}, {0,2}}, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0, 1}, {0, 2}}, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, wrap_d)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{4, 5, 3, 4, 5},
-                                    {1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {4, 5, 3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{4, 5, 3, 4, 5}, {1, 2, 0, 1, 2}, {4, 5, 3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1,0}, {2,0}}, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}}, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, symmetric_a)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
-                                    {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0},
-                                    {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0},
-                                    {5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
-                                    {5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
-                                    {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
+            {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0},
+            {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0},
+            {5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
+            {5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
+            {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2,2}, {3,3}}, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, symmetric_b)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, 0, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
 
@@ -165,54 +147,46 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xpad, symmetric_c)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 2, 1},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 5, 4},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 5, 4}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 2, 1}, {3, 4, 5, 5, 4}, {3, 4, 5, 5, 4}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0,1}, {0,2}}, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0, 1}, {0, 2}}, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, symmetric_d)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{1, 0, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {1, 0, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {4, 3, 3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{1, 0, 0, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 2}, {4, 3, 3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1,0}, {2,0}}, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}}, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, reflect_a)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3},
-                                    {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0},
-                                    {5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3},
-                                    {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3},
+            {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0},
+            {5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3},
+            {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1,1}, {2,2}}, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1, 1}, {2, 2}}, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, reflect_b)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, 0, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
 
@@ -221,28 +195,22 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xpad, reflect_c)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 1, 0},
-                                    {3, 4, 5, 4, 3},
-                                    {0, 1, 2, 1, 0}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 1, 0}, {3, 4, 5, 4, 3}, {0, 1, 2, 1, 0}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0,1}, {0,2}}, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0, 1}, {0, 2}}, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
     TEST(xpad, reflect_d)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2},
-                                    {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{5, 4, 3, 4, 5},
-                                    {2, 1, 0, 1, 2},
-                                    {5, 4, 3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{5, 4, 3, 4, 5}, {2, 1, 0, 1, 2}, {5, 4, 3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1,0}, {2,0}}, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}}, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
@@ -262,15 +230,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = xt::arange<size_t>(3 * 2).reshape({3, 2});
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5}, {0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5}, {0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::tile(a, 3u);
 
@@ -281,15 +241,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = xt::arange<size_t>(3 * 2).reshape({3, 2});
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::tile(a, {3u, 4u});
 
@@ -300,15 +261,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = xt::arange<size_t>(3 * 2).reshape({3, 2});
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::tile(a, std::array<size_t, 2>{{3u, 4u}});
 
@@ -319,15 +281,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xarray<size_t> a = xt::arange<size_t>(3 * 2).reshape({3, 2});
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
-                                    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
-                                    {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-                                    {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
+            {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+            {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::tile(a, std::vector<size_t>{{3u, 4u}});
 
@@ -337,18 +300,10 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xpad, tile_f)
     {
         xt::xarray<double> m = xt::tile(xt::expand_dims(xt::eye<double>(4), 0), 3u);
-        xt::xarray<double> expected = {{{1., 0., 0., 0.},
-                                        {0., 1., 0., 0.},
-                                        {0., 0., 1., 0.},
-                                        {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
-                                       {{1., 0., 0., 0.},
-                                        {0., 1., 0., 0.},
-                                        {0., 0., 1., 0.},
-                                        {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
-                                       {{1., 0., 0., 0.},
-                                        {0., 1., 0., 0.},
-                                        {0., 0., 1., 0.},
-                                        {0., 0., 0., 1.}}};
+        xt::xarray<double> expected = {
+            {{1., 0., 0., 0.}, {0., 1., 0., 0.}, {0., 0., 1., 0.}, {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
+            {{1., 0., 0., 0.}, {0., 1., 0., 0.}, {0., 0., 1., 0.}, {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
+            {{1., 0., 0., 0.}, {0., 1., 0., 0.}, {0., 0., 1., 0.}, {0., 0., 0., 1.}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(m, expected);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index e513d23cb..e2d0cd67c 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
@@ -20,8 +19,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #endif
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xset_operation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -168,14 +167,17 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<int> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         xarray<double> w = {1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0};
 
-        for(bool replace : {true, false}) {
+        for (bool replace : {true, false})
+        {
             xt::random::seed(42);
             auto ac1 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, replace);
             auto ac2 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, replace);
             xt::random::seed(42);
             auto ac3 = xt::random::choice(a, 6, w, replace);
-            static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(a)::value_type, decltype(ac1)::value_type>::value,
-                          "Elements must be same type");
+            static_assert(
+                std::is_same<decltype(a)::value_type, decltype(ac1)::value_type>::value,
+                "Elements must be same type"
+            );
             ASSERT_EQ(ac1, ac3);
             ASSERT_NE(ac1, ac2);
             ASSERT_TRUE(all(isin(ac1, a)));
@@ -232,7 +234,6 @@ namespace xt
         xt::random::shuffle(a);
         EXPECT_FALSE(std::is_sorted(a.begin(), a.end()));
 #endif
-
     }
 
     TEST(xrandom, permutation)
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index f01b81ec7..2e9d05e18 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
@@ -19,39 +18,39 @@
 #else
 #include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #endif
-#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
 
-#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(EXPRESSION, EXPECTED_TYPE)                             \
-{                                                                                \
-    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::value_type; \
-    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
-}
+#define CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(EXPRESSION, EXPECTED_TYPE)                                 \
+    {                                                                                \
+        using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::value_type; \
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
+    }
 
-#define CHECK_TAG_TYPE(EXPRESSION, EXPECTED_TYPE)                                    \
-{                                                                                    \
-    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::expression_tag; \
-    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));                  \
-}
+#define CHECK_TAG_TYPE(EXPRESSION, EXPECTED_TYPE)                                        \
+    {                                                                                    \
+        using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::expression_tag; \
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));                  \
+    }
 
-#define CHECK_TYPE(VALUE, EXPECTED_TYPE)                                         \
-{                                                                                \
-    using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(VALUE)>;                  \
-    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value));              \
-}
+#define CHECK_TYPE(VALUE, EXPECTED_TYPE)                                \
+    {                                                                   \
+        using result_type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(VALUE)>;     \
+        EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<result_type, EXPECTED_TYPE>::value)); \
+    }
 
     struct xreducer_features
     {
@@ -64,14 +63,16 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray_type m_a;
 
-        xreducer<func, const xarray_type&, axes_type, xt::reducer_options<double, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy_type>>> m_red;
+        xreducer<func, const xarray_type&, axes_type, xt::reducer_options<double, std::tuple<xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy_type>>>
+            m_red;
 
         xreducer_features();
     };
 
     xreducer_features::xreducer_features()
-        : m_axes({1, 3}), m_a(ones<double>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5})),
-          m_red(func(), m_a, m_axes, xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy)
+        : m_axes({1, 3})
+        , m_a(ones<double>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5}))
+        , m_red(func(), m_a, m_axes, xt::evaluation_strategy::lazy)
     {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
         {
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-   struct xreducer_opt_features
+    struct xreducer_opt_features
     {
         using axes_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
         using shape_type = typename xarray_optional<double>::shape_type;
@@ -99,11 +100,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         optional_assembly_type m_optional_assembly, m_simple_optional_assembly;
 
-        xreducer_opt_features():
-            m_axes({1, 3}),
-            m_array_of_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5})),
-            m_array_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5})),
-            m_optional_assembly(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5}))
+        xreducer_opt_features()
+            : m_axes({1, 3})
+            , m_array_of_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5}))
+            , m_array_optional(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5}))
+            , m_optional_assembly(ones<xtl::xoptional<double>>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5}))
         {
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
             {
@@ -124,8 +125,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
     };
 
-#define TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(INPUT, EXPECTED)   \
-    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);   \
+#define TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(INPUT, EXPECTED) \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes); \
     CHECK_TAG_TYPE(res, EXPECTED);
 
     TEST(xreducer, expression_tag)
@@ -151,15 +152,16 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG(feats.m_optional_assembly, xoptional_expression_tag);
     }
+
 #undef TEST_EXPRESSION_TAG
 
-#define TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(INPUT, V_TYPE, OPTIONAL)                                      \
-    using result_type = std::conditional_t<OPTIONAL, xtl::xoptional<double>, double>;      \
-                                                                                           \
-    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                                               \
-    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res, result_type);                                                   \
-    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res)(1, 1, 1), V_TYPE);                                           \
-    EXPECT_EQ(!OPTIONAL, xt::has_value(res)(0, 0, 0));                                     \
+#define TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(INPUT, V_TYPE, OPTIONAL)                                 \
+    using result_type = std::conditional_t<OPTIONAL, xtl::xoptional<double>, double>; \
+                                                                                      \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                                          \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res, result_type);                                              \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res)(1, 1, 1), V_TYPE);                                      \
+    EXPECT_EQ(!OPTIONAL, xt::has_value(res)(0, 0, 0));                                \
     EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res)(1, 1, 1));
 
     TEST(xreducer, value_has_value)
@@ -167,17 +169,19 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_features feats;
         TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_a, double, false);
     }
-/*
-    TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, value_has_value)
-    {
-        xreducer_opt_features feats;
-        TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_of_optional, xtl::xoptional<double>, true);  // TODO: fail, the mask is not reflecting the missing values
-    }
-*/
+
+    /*
+        TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, value_has_value)
+        {
+            xreducer_opt_features feats;
+            TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_of_optional, xtl::xoptional<double>, true);  // TODO: fail, the
+       mask is not reflecting the missing values
+        }
+    */
     TEST(xreducer_array_optional, value_has_value)
     {
-       xreducer_opt_features feats;
-       TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_optional, double, true);
+        xreducer_opt_features feats;
+        TEST_VALUE_HAS_VALUE(feats.m_array_optional, double, true);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer_optional_assembly, value_has_value)
@@ -190,7 +194,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, functor_type)
     {
-        auto sum = [](auto const& left, auto const& right) { return left + right; };
+        auto sum = [](auto const& left, auto const& right)
+        {
+            return left + right;
+        };
         auto sum_functor = xt::make_xreducer_functor(sum);
         xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         xt::xarray<int> a_sums = xt::reduce(std::move(sum_functor), a, {1});
@@ -201,7 +208,6 @@ namespace xt
 
         xt::xarray<int> a_sums3 = xt::reduce(sum, a, {1});
         EXPECT_EQ(a_sums3, expect);
-
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer, errors)
@@ -302,28 +308,28 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(INPUT)                               \
-    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                     \
-                                                                 \
-    xreducer_opt_features::xarray_of_optional_type res1 = res;   \
-    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res1, xtl::xoptional<double>);             \
-    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res1)(1, 1, 1), xtl::xoptional<double>);\
-    EXPECT_EQ(res1(1, 1, 1), 24.);                               \
-    /* EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res1)(0, 0, 0)); */            \
-    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res1)(1, 1, 1));                   \
-                                                                 \
-    xreducer_opt_features::xarray_optional_type res2 = res;      \
-    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res2, xtl::xoptional<double>);             \
-    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res2)(1, 1, 1), double);                \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 24.);                               \
-    EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res2)(0, 0, 0));                  \
-    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res2)(1, 1, 1));                   \
-                                                                 \
-    xreducer_opt_features::optional_assembly_type res3 = res;    \
-    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res3, xtl::xoptional<double>);             \
-    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res3)(1, 1, 1), double);                \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res3(1, 1, 1), 24.);                               \
-    EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res3)(0, 0, 0));                  \
+#define TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(INPUT)                                \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);                      \
+                                                                  \
+    xreducer_opt_features::xarray_of_optional_type res1 = res;    \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res1, xtl::xoptional<double>);              \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res1)(1, 1, 1), xtl::xoptional<double>); \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(1, 1, 1), 24.);                                \
+    /* EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res1)(0, 0, 0)); */             \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res1)(1, 1, 1));                    \
+                                                                  \
+    xreducer_opt_features::xarray_optional_type res2 = res;       \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res2, xtl::xoptional<double>);              \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res2)(1, 1, 1), double);                 \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 24.);                                \
+    EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res2)(0, 0, 0));                   \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res2)(1, 1, 1));                    \
+                                                                  \
+    xreducer_opt_features::optional_assembly_type res3 = res;     \
+    CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(res3, xtl::xoptional<double>);              \
+    CHECK_TYPE(xt::value(res3)(1, 1, 1), double);                 \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res3(1, 1, 1), 24.);                                \
+    EXPECT_FALSE(xt::has_value(res3)(0, 0, 0));                   \
     EXPECT_TRUE(xt::has_value(res3)(1, 1, 1));
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, assign)
@@ -343,6 +349,7 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT(feats.m_optional_assembly)
     }
+
 #undef TEST_OPT_ASSIGNMENT
 
     TEST(xreducer, sum)
@@ -354,10 +361,10 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, res);
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_SUM(INPUT)                            \
-    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);           \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res.dimension(), std::size_t(3));        \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res(0, 0, 0), xtl::missing<double>());   \
+#define TEST_OPT_SUM(INPUT)                          \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT, feats.m_axes);         \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res.dimension(), std::size_t(3));      \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res(0, 0, 0), xtl::missing<double>()); \
     EXPECT_EQ(res(1, 1, 1), 24.);
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, sum)
@@ -377,6 +384,7 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_SUM(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
+
 #undef TEST_OPT_SUM
 
     TEST(xreducer, sum_tensor)
@@ -428,6 +436,7 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
+
 #undef TEST_OPT_SINGLE_AXIS
 
     TEST(xreducer, sum2)
@@ -471,8 +480,8 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(res(), expected);
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(INPUT)               \
-    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT);                \
+#define TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(INPUT) \
+    auto res = xt::sum(INPUT);  \
     EXPECT_EQ(res(), xtl::missing<double>());
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, sum_all)
@@ -492,6 +501,7 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
+
 #undef TEST_OPT_SUM_ALL
 
     TEST(xreducer, prod)
@@ -501,12 +511,12 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(1ULL << 34, prod<long long>(c)());
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_PROD(INPUT)                     \
-    auto res1 = xt::prod(INPUT);                 \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());   \
-                                                 \
-    auto res2 = xt::prod(INPUT, feats.m_axes);   \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());   \
+#define TEST_OPT_PROD(INPUT)                   \
+    auto res1 = xt::prod(INPUT);               \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>()); \
+                                               \
+    auto res2 = xt::prod(INPUT, feats.m_axes); \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>()); \
     EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 4096.);
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, prod)
@@ -526,12 +536,12 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_PROD(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
+
 #undef TEST_OPT_PROD
 
     TEST(xreducer, mean)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 2> input
-            {{-1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}};
+        xtensor<double, 2> input{{-1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}};
         auto mean_all = mean(input);
         auto mean0 = mean(input, {0});
         auto mean1 = mean(input, {1});
@@ -551,16 +561,19 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(mean(c)(), 1.5);
 #endif
 
-        const auto rvalue_xarray = [] () { return xtensor<double, 1>({1, 2}); };
+        const auto rvalue_xarray = []()
+        {
+            return xtensor<double, 1>({1, 2});
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(mean(rvalue_xarray(), {0})(), 1.5);
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_MEAN(INPUT)                      \
-    auto res1 = xt::mean(INPUT);                  \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());    \
-                                                  \
-    auto res2 = xt::mean(INPUT, feats.m_axes);    \
-    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>());    \
+#define TEST_OPT_MEAN(INPUT)                   \
+    auto res1 = xt::mean(INPUT);               \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>()); \
+                                               \
+    auto res2 = xt::mean(INPUT, feats.m_axes); \
+    EXPECT_EQ(res2(), xtl::missing<double>()); \
     EXPECT_EQ(res2(1, 1, 1), 2.);
 
     TEST(xreducer_array_of_optional, mean)
@@ -580,19 +593,20 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_MEAN(feats.m_optional_assembly);
     }
+
 #undef TEST_OPT_MEAN
 
     TEST(xreducer, average)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<float, 2> a = {{ 3, 4, 2, 1}, { 1, 1, 3, 2}};
-        xt::xarray<double> all_weights = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, { 5, 6, 7, 8}};
+        xt::xtensor<float, 2> a = {{3, 4, 2, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 2}};
+        xt::xarray<double> all_weights = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
         auto avg_all = xt::average(a, all_weights);
         auto avg_all_2 = xt::average(a, all_weights, {0ul, 1ul});
 
         auto avg0 = xt::average(a, xt::xarray<double>{3, 9}, {0});
-        auto avg1 = xt::average(a, xt::xarray<double>{1,2,3,4}, {1});
-        auto avg_m1 = xt::average(a, xt::xarray<double>{1,2,3,4}, {-1});
-        auto avg_d1 = xt::average(a, xt::xarray<double>{1,2,3,4}, {-1}, evaluation_strategy::immediate);
+        auto avg1 = xt::average(a, xt::xarray<double>{1, 2, 3, 4}, {1});
+        auto avg_m1 = xt::average(a, xt::xarray<double>{1, 2, 3, 4}, {-1});
+        auto avg_d1 = xt::average(a, xt::xarray<double>{1, 2, 3, 4}, {-1}, evaluation_strategy::immediate);
 
         xtensor<double, 0> expect_all = 1.9166666666666667;
         xtensor<double, 1> expect0 = {1.5, 1.75, 2.75, 1.75};
@@ -607,8 +621,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
 #define TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(INPUT)                                            \
-    xt::xarray<double> all_weights = {{3, 3, 3},                           \
-                                      {1, 1, 1}};                          \
+    xt::xarray<double> all_weights = {{3, 3, 3}, {1, 1, 1}};               \
     auto res1 = xt::average(INPUT, all_weights);                           \
     EXPECT_EQ(res1(), xtl::missing<double>());                             \
                                                                            \
@@ -634,6 +647,7 @@ namespace xt
         xreducer_opt_features feats;
         TEST_OPT_AVERAGE(feats.m_simple_optional_assembly);
     }
+
 #undef TEST_OPT_AVERAGE
 
     TEST(xreducer, count_nonzero)
@@ -649,15 +663,13 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res1, expect1)));
     }
 
-#define TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(INPUT)             \
-    auto res0 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {0});     \
-    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect0 =     \
-            {2, 2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};   \
-    EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res0, expect0)));        \
-                                                   \
-    auto res1 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {1});     \
-    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect1 =     \
-            {2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};      \
+#define TEST_OPT_COUNT_NONZEROS(INPUT)                                              \
+    auto res0 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {0});                                      \
+    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect0 = {2, 2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()}; \
+    EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res0, expect0)));                                         \
+                                                                                    \
+    auto res1 = xt::count_nonzero(INPUT, {1});                                      \
+    xtensor_optional<std::size_t, 1> expect1 = {2, xtl::missing<std::size_t>()};    \
     EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res1, expect1)));
 
 /*  TODO: fix policy, missing values should lead to a missing value result
@@ -685,8 +697,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using A = std::array<double, 2>;
 
-        xtensor<double, 2> input
-            {{-1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}};
+        xtensor<double, 2> input{{-1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(minmax(input)(), (A{-1.0, 1.0}));
     }
 
@@ -761,11 +772,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, chaining_reducers)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> a = {{ 1., 2. },
-                                { 3., 4. }};
+        xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
 
-        auto b = a - xt::sum(a, { 0 });
-        auto c = xt::sum(b, { 0 });
+        auto b = a - xt::sum(a, {0});
+        auto c = xt::sum(b, {0});
         EXPECT_EQ(c(0), -4.);
         EXPECT_EQ(c(1), -6.);
     }
@@ -873,11 +883,14 @@ namespace xt
         truth = std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(b_fx_3)>, xtensor_fixed<int, xshape<>>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
 
-        truth = std::is_same<xshape<1, 3>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5, 3>, xshape<1>>::type>();
+        truth = std::is_same<xshape<1, 3>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5, 3>, xshape<1>>::type>(
+        );
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
-        truth = std::is_same<xshape<5>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5, 3>, xshape<0, 2>>::type>();
+        truth = std::is_same<xshape<5>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5, 3>, xshape<0, 2>>::type>(
+        );
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
-        truth = std::is_same<xshape<>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5, 3>, xshape<0, 1, 2>>::type>();
+        truth = std::is_same<xshape<>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5, 3>, xshape<0, 1, 2>>::type>(
+        );
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
         truth = std::is_same<xshape<1, 5>, typename fixed_xreducer_shape_type<xshape<1, 5>, xshape<2>>::type>();
         EXPECT_TRUE(truth);
@@ -914,7 +927,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xreducer, normalize_axes)
     {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> x{};
-        std::vector<std::size_t> sva {0, 1, 2, 3};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> sva{0, 1, 2, 3};
         std::vector<std::ptrdiff_t> svb = {-4, 1, -2, -1};
         std::initializer_list<std::ptrdiff_t> initlist = {-4, 1, -2, -1};
         std::array<std::size_t, 4> saa = {0, 1, 2, 3};
@@ -1006,20 +1019,20 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, ones_first)
     {
-        auto a = xt::ones<int>(std::vector<int>({ 1,1,2,4 }));
-        std::vector<int> arraxis = { 1 };
+        auto a = xt::ones<int>(std::vector<int>({1, 1, 2, 4}));
+        std::vector<int> arraxis = {1};
         auto result = xt::sum(a, arraxis, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
         EXPECT_EQ(a, result);
 
-        std::vector<int> arraxis2 = { 1, 2 };
+        std::vector<int> arraxis2 = {1, 2};
         auto res2 = xt::sum(a, arraxis2, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
-        xt::xarray<int> expected = { {{{2, 2, 2, 2}}} };
+        xt::xarray<int> expected = {{{{2, 2, 2, 2}}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, res2);
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer, empty_axes)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };
+        xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         std::vector<std::size_t> axes = {};
         auto res0 = xt::sum(a, axes);
         auto res1 = xt::sum(a, axes, xt::keep_dims | xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
@@ -1030,14 +1043,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, zero_shape)
     {
-        xt::xarray<int> x = xt::zeros<int>({ 0, 1 });
+        xt::xarray<int> x = xt::zeros<int>({0, 1});
 
-        auto res0 = xt::sum(x, { 0 }, xt::keep_dims);
+        auto res0 = xt::sum(x, {0}, xt::keep_dims);
         EXPECT_EQ(res0.shape()[0], size_t(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(res0.shape()[1], size_t(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(res0(0, 0), 0);
 
-        auto res1 = xt::sum(x, { 1 }, xt::keep_dims);
+        auto res1 = xt::sum(x, {1}, xt::keep_dims);
         EXPECT_EQ(res1.shape()[0], size_t(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(res1.shape()[1], size_t(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(res1.size(), size_t(0));
@@ -1050,15 +1063,15 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, empty_array)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({ 1, 2, 0, 1 });
+        xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({1, 2, 0, 1});
         double result0 = xt::mean(a)();
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::isnan(result0));
 
-        auto result1 = xt::mean(a, { 1 });
+        auto result1 = xt::mean(a, {1});
         auto expected1 = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 0, 1});
         EXPECT_EQ(result1, expected1);
 
-        auto result2 = xt::mean(a, { 2 });
+        auto result2 = xt::mean(a, {2});
         auto expected2 = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 1});
         EXPECT_EQ(result2.shape(), expected2.shape());
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::isnan(result2(0, 0, 0)));
@@ -1067,11 +1080,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, double_axis)
     {
-        xt::xarray<int> a = xt::ones<int>({ 3, 2});
-        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::sum(a, {0, 1})); // correct
-        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {0, 0})); // duplicate indices
-        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {1, 0})); // unordered indices
-        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {1, 1})); // duplicate indices
+        xt::xarray<int> a = xt::ones<int>({3, 2});
+        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::sum(a, {0, 1}));   // correct
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {0, 0}));  // duplicate indices
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {1, 0}));  // unordered indices
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(xt::sum(a, {1, 1}));  // duplicate indices
     }
 
     TEST(xreducer, sum_xtensor_of_fixed)
diff --git a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
index 439eca52f..0bf168bc7 100644
--- a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrepeat.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xscalar.cpp b/test/test_xscalar.cpp
index 4f4704e0c..71b73b45a 100644
--- a/test/test_xscalar.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xscalar.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xscalar.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xscalar.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(iter, iter_end);
     }
 
-
     TEST(xscalar, stepper)
     {
         xarray<double> ref = zeros<double>({4, 6});
diff --git a/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
index 2cf2d5099..e37e768cf 100644
--- a/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    #define SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
+#define SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
     TEST_SUITE("scalar_semantic")
     {
@@ -297,5 +298,5 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    #undef SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES
+#undef SCALAR_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xsemantic.hpp b/test/test_xsemantic.hpp
index 82198ebb3..ac8395328 100644
--- a/test/test_xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/test/test_xsemantic.hpp
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef TEST_XSEMANTIC_HPP
 #define TEST_XSEMANTIC_HPP
 
 #include <functional>
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
diff --git a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
index 49383ab5b..f78732887 100644
--- a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xset_operation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xset_operation, isin)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int,2> a = {{1, 2, 1}, {0, 3, 1}};
-        xt::xtensor<int,1> b = {1, 2};
-        xt::xtensor<bool,2> res = {{true, true, true}, {false, false, true}};
+        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a = {{1, 2, 1}, {0, 3, 1}};
+        xt::xtensor<int, 1> b = {1, 2};
+        xt::xtensor<bool, 2> res = {{true, true, true}, {false, false, true}};
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::isin(a, b), res);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::isin(a, b.begin(), b.end()), res);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::isin(a, {1, 2}), res);
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xset_operation, in1d)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int,1> a = {1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 5, 1};
-        xt::xtensor<int,1> b = {1, 2};
-        xt::xtensor<bool,1> res = {true, true, true, false, false, false, true};
+        xt::xtensor<int, 1> a = {1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 5, 1};
+        xt::xtensor<int, 1> b = {1, 2};
+        xt::xtensor<bool, 1> res = {true, true, true, false, false, false, true};
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, b), res);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, b.begin(), b.end()), res);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::in1d(a, {1, 2}), res);
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xset_operation, searchsorted)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> a = {1, 2, 7, 8, 20};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> v = {9, 2, 2, 3, 22, 0};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> res_right = {4, 1, 1, 2, 5, 0};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,1> res_left = {4, 2, 2, 2, 5, 0};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> a = {1, 2, 7, 8, 20};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> v = {9, 2, 2, 3, 22, 0};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> res_right = {4, 1, 1, 2, 5, 0};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> res_left = {4, 2, 2, 2, 5, 0};
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::searchsorted(a, v), res_right);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::searchsorted(a, v, true), res_right);
         EXPECT_EQ(xt::searchsorted(a, v, false), res_left);
diff --git a/test/test_xshape.cpp b/test/test_xshape.cpp
index d06797e8e..3b27d4709 100644
--- a/test/test_xshape.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xshape.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
         auto s0 = shape<std::vector<size_t>>(3);
         auto s1 = shape<std::vector<size_t>>(std::initializer_list<size_t>{1, 2});
-        auto s2 = shape<std::vector<size_t>>(std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<size_t>>{{1, 2, 4}, {1, 3, 5}});
+        auto s2 = shape<std::vector<size_t>>(
+            std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<size_t>>{{1, 2, 4}, {1, 3, 5}}
+        );
 
         std::vector<size_t> e0 = {};
         std::vector<size_t> e1 = {2};
@@ -47,13 +49,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         bool expect_v = std::is_same<
             dynamic_shape<size_t>,
-            promote_shape_t<dynamic_shape<size_t>, std::array<size_t, 3>, std::array<size_t, 2>>
-        >::value;
+            promote_shape_t<dynamic_shape<size_t>, std::array<size_t, 3>, std::array<size_t, 2>>>::value;
 
         bool expect_a = std::is_same<
             std::array<size_t, 3>,
-            promote_shape_t<std::array<size_t, 2>, std::array<size_t, 3>, std::array<size_t, 2>>
-        >::value;
+            promote_shape_t<std::array<size_t, 2>, std::array<size_t, 3>, std::array<size_t, 2>>>::value;
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(expect_v);
         ASSERT_TRUE(expect_a);
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd.cpp b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
index 01cbb1cc0..1ecfdb13d 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
 #define VS_SKIP_XFIXED 1
 #endif
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 // On VS2015, when compiling in x86 mode, alignas(T) leads to C2718
 // when used for a function parameter, even indirectly. This means that
 // we cannot pass parameters whose class is declared with alignas specifier
@@ -40,11 +41,13 @@ class alignas(XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN) Foo
 {
 public:
 
-    using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN != 0,
-                                              xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN>,
-                                              std::allocator<T>>;
+    using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<
+        XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN != 0,
+        xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN>,
+        std::allocator<T>>;
 
-    Foo(T fac) : m_fac(fac)
+    Foo(T fac)
+        : m_fac(fac)
     {
         m_bar.fill(fac);
     }
@@ -72,4 +75,4 @@ namespace xt
 }
 
 #endif
-#endif // VS_SKIP_XFIXED
+#endif  // VS_SKIP_XFIXED
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
index b5b2b04eb..45e797cc8 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <complex>
+
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xcomplex, arg)
     {
-        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {{0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
-                                                  {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-                                                  {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+        xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
+            {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
+            {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
         xarray<std::complex<double>> res = xt::conj(cmplarg_0);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index 2146888c3..aafc7ae07 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xinfo.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xslice.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xsort.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -26,10 +27,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> a1 = {2, 3, 1};
         xarray<double, xt::layout_type::column_major> a2_c = {{2, 3, 1}, {4, 6, 5}};
         xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a2_r = {{2, 3, 1}, {4, 6, 5}};
-        xarray<float> a3 = {{{1,3,2},
-                             {4,2,1}},
-                            {{5,1,3},
-                             {4,2,6}}};
+        xarray<float> a3 = {{{1, 3, 2}, {4, 2, 1}}, {{5, 1, 3}, {4, 2, 6}}};
 
         xarray<std::size_t> ex = {2, 0, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(ex, argsort(a1, 0));
@@ -45,9 +43,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(ex2_1, argsort(a2_c, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(ex2_1, argsort(a2_r, 1));
 
-        xarray<std::size_t> ex3_0 = {{{0,1,0},{0,0,0}},{{1,0,1},{1,1,1}}};
-        xarray<std::size_t> ex3_1 = {{{0,1,1},{1,0,0}},{{1,0,0},{0,1,1}}};
-        xarray<std::size_t> ex3_2 = {{{0,2,1},{2,1,0}},{{1,2,0},{1,0,2}}};
+        xarray<std::size_t> ex3_0 = {{{0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0}}, {{1, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}}};
+        xarray<std::size_t> ex3_1 = {{{0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 0}}, {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 1}}};
+        xarray<std::size_t> ex3_2 = {{{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}}, {{1, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 2}}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(ex3_2, argsort(a3));
         EXPECT_EQ(ex3_0, argsort(a3, 0));
@@ -149,9 +147,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_3, sort(a, 1));
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-        xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
-        xarr.reshape({4,4});
-        auto view = xt::reshape_view(xt::transpose(xarr, {1,0}), {2,8});
+        xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0, 16));
+        xarr.reshape({4, 4});
+        auto view = xt::reshape_view(xt::transpose(xarr, {1, 0}), {2, 8});
         EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::sort(view, 0));
 #endif
     }
@@ -170,7 +168,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xsort, argmin)
     {
         xarray<double> a = {{5, 3, 1}, {4, 4, 4}};
-        xarray<double> b = {1,3,4,-100};
+        xarray<double> b = {1, 3, 4, -100};
         xarray<double, layout_type(int(XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT) & 0x03)> ar = {{5, 3, 1}, {4, 4, 4}};
 
         xarray<std::size_t> ex = 2ul;
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::size_t> ex_3 = {2, 0};
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_3, argmin(a, 1));
 
-        xtensor<double, 2> xa = {{5,3,1}, {4,4,4}};
+        xtensor<double, 2> xa = {{5, 3, 1}, {4, 4, 4}};
         EXPECT_EQ(ex, argmin(xa));
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_2, argmin(xa, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_3, argmin(xa, 1));
@@ -204,12 +202,11 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::size_t> ex_3 = {0, 0};
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_3, argmax(a, 1));
 
-        xtensor<int, 2> b = {{ 1,2 }};
+        xtensor<int, 2> b = {{1, 2}};
         auto res = xt::eval(xt::argmax(b, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(res(), 1u);
 
-        xtensor<int, 3> c = {{{1, 2, 3, 4}},
-                             {{4, 3, 2, 1}}};
+        xtensor<int, 3> c = {{{1, 2, 3, 4}}, {{4, 3, 2, 1}}};
         xtensor<std::size_t, 2> ex_4 = {{3}, {0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_4, argmax(c, 2));
 
@@ -221,7 +218,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         // xtensor#2568
         xarray<double> d = {0, 1, 0};
-        xtensor<size_t, 0> d_ex_1 = { 1 };
+        xtensor<size_t, 0> d_ex_1 = {1};
         EXPECT_EQ(d_ex_1, argmax(d));
         EXPECT_EQ(1, argmax(d)(0));
     }
@@ -288,23 +285,23 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xsort, unique)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {1,2,3, 5,3,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2, 45};
+        xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3, 5, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 45};
         xarray<double> ax = {1, 2, 3, 5, 45};
         EXPECT_EQ(unique(a), ax);
 
-        xarray<double> b = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-        xarray<double> bx = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
+        xarray<double> b = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+        xarray<double> bx = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
         EXPECT_EQ(unique(b), bx);
 
-        xarray<double> bb = {{1,2,3}, {7,8,9}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}};
-        xarray<double> bbx = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
+        xarray<double> bb = {{1, 2, 3}, {7, 8, 9}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
+        xarray<double> bbx = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
         EXPECT_EQ(unique(bb), bbx);
 
         auto c = view(b, range(0, 3), range(0, 3));
         auto d = unique(c);
         EXPECT_EQ(d, bx);
 
-        auto e = xt::unique(xt::where(xt::greater(b,2), 1, 0));
+        auto e = xt::unique(xt::where(xt::greater(b, 2), 1, 0));
         xarray<double> ex = {0, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(e, ex);
     }
@@ -312,16 +309,16 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xsort, setdiff1d)
     {
         {
-            xarray<size_t> ar1 = {1,2,3,4,4,4,5};
-            xarray<size_t> ar2 = {4,5};
-            xarray<size_t> out = {1,2,3};
+            xarray<size_t> ar1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5};
+            xarray<size_t> ar2 = {4, 5};
+            xarray<size_t> out = {1, 2, 3};
             EXPECT_EQ(setdiff1d(ar1, ar2), out);
         }
 
         {
-            xarray<size_t> ar1 = {{5,6,7},{4,4,4},{1,2,3}};
-            xarray<size_t> ar2 = {4,1};
-            xarray<size_t> out = {2,3,5,6,7};
+            xarray<size_t> ar1 = {{5, 6, 7}, {4, 4, 4}, {1, 2, 3}};
+            xarray<size_t> ar2 = {4, 1};
+            xarray<size_t> out = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7};
             EXPECT_EQ(setdiff1d(ar1, ar2), out);
         }
     }
@@ -348,9 +345,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(check_partition(r1, 2));
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-        xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0,16));
-        xarr.reshape({4,4});
-        auto view = xt::transpose(xarr, {1,0});
+        xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0, 16));
+        xarr.reshape({4, 4});
+        auto view = xt::transpose(xarr, {1, 0});
         EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::partition(view, 1, 0));
 #endif
     }
@@ -378,7 +375,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::size_t s = a.size();
         int* arr = a.data();
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> sh = { s };
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> sh = {s};
         auto b = xt::adapt(arr, s, xt::no_ownership(), sh);
         auto r2 = xt::argpartition(b, 2);
         EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(b, r2, 2));
@@ -386,11 +383,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xsort, median)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<float, 2> a = {{ 3, 4, 2, 1},
-                                   { 1, 1, 3, 2},
-                                   { 9, 9, 9, 9},
-                                   {12,12,12,12},
-                                   { 5, 5, 5, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<float, 2> a = {{3, 4, 2, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 2}, {9, 9, 9, 9}, {12, 12, 12, 12}, {5, 5, 5, 5}};
         auto mall = median(a);
         auto ma0 = median(a, 0);
         auto ma1 = median(a, 1);
diff --git a/test/test_xstorage.cpp b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
index 91ab15abe..431c50025 100644
--- a/test/test_xstorage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
 #include <numeric>
 
+#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using vector_type = uvector<double, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(double)>;
@@ -91,10 +92,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(svector, behavior)
     {
-        svector_type s = {1,2,3,4};
+        svector_type s = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         svector_type s2 = s;
         std::vector<std::size_t> v(s.begin(), s.end());
-        std::vector<std::size_t> v2 = {1,2,3,4};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v2 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s.begin(), s.end(), v.begin()));
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s2.begin(), s2.end(), v2.begin()));
@@ -128,10 +129,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(svector, insert)
     {
-        svector_type s = {1,2,3,4};
+        svector_type s = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         svector_type s2 = s;
         std::vector<std::size_t> v(s.begin(), s.end());
-        std::vector<std::size_t> v2 = {1,2,3,4};
+        std::vector<std::size_t> v2 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
 
         s.insert(s.begin(), std::size_t(55));
         s.insert(s.begin() + 2, std::size_t(123));
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(svector, insert_range)
     {
-        svector_type s0 = {1,2,3,4};
+        svector_type s0 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         svector_type s1 = s0;
         svector_type s2 = s0;
         std::vector<std::size_t> v0(s0.begin(), s0.end());
@@ -156,10 +157,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         s0.insert(s0.begin(), ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
         v0.insert(v0.begin(), ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
-        s1.insert(s1.begin()+2, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
-        v1.insert(v1.begin()+2, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
-        s2.insert(s2.begin()+4, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
-        v2.insert(v2.begin()+4, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        s1.insert(s1.begin() + 2, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        v1.insert(v1.begin() + 2, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        s2.insert(s2.begin() + 4, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
+        v2.insert(v2.begin() + 4, ins.cbegin(), ins.cend());
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s0.begin(), s0.end(), v0.begin()));
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s1.begin(), s1.end(), v1.begin()));
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(svector, insert_initializer_list)
     {
-        svector_type s0 = {1,2,3,4};
+        svector_type s0 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         svector_type s1 = s0;
         svector_type s2 = s0;
         std::vector<std::size_t> v0(s0.begin(), s0.end());
@@ -177,10 +178,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         s0.insert(s0.begin(), {1u, 4u});
         v0.insert(v0.begin(), {1u, 4u});
-        s1.insert(s1.begin()+2, {1u, 4u});
-        v1.insert(v1.begin()+2, {1u, 4u});
-        s2.insert(s2.begin()+4, {1u, 4u});
-        v2.insert(v2.begin()+4, {1u, 4u});
+        s1.insert(s1.begin() + 2, {1u, 4u});
+        v1.insert(v1.begin() + 2, {1u, 4u});
+        s2.insert(s2.begin() + 4, {1u, 4u});
+        v2.insert(v2.begin() + 4, {1u, 4u});
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s0.begin(), s0.end(), v0.begin()));
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(s1.begin(), s1.end(), v1.begin()));
@@ -208,11 +209,11 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(10), d.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), d[2]);
 
-        svector_type f = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        svector_type f = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(4), f.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), f[2]);
 
-        svector<std::size_t, 8> ov = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
+        svector<std::size_t, 8> ov = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
         svector_type g(ov);
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(8), g.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), g[2]);
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(svector, assign)
     {
-        svector_type a = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        svector_type a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
 
         svector_type src1(10, 2);
         a = src1;
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(5), a.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), a[2]);
 
-        a = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(4), a.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), a[2]);
 
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(size2, a.size());
         }
 
-        svector_type b = { 1, 3, 4 };
+        svector_type b = {1, 3, 4};
         b.resize(6);
         EXPECT_EQ(b[0], 1u);
         EXPECT_EQ(b[1], 3u);
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ namespace xt
         using std::swap;
 
         {
-            svector_type a = { 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 };
+            svector_type a = {1, 3, 4, 6, 7};
             svector_type b = {};
             svector_type abu = a;
             svector_type bbu = b;
@@ -279,8 +280,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            svector_type a = { 1, 3 ,4 };
-            svector_type b = { 2, 1, 5, 3, 9, 12 };
+            svector_type a = {1, 3, 4};
+            svector_type b = {2, 1, 5, 3, 9, 12};
             svector_type abu = a;
             svector_type bbu = b;
 
@@ -291,8 +292,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         {
-            svector_type a = { 10, 13, 14 };
-            svector_type b = { 12, 15, 17 };
+            svector_type a = {10, 13, 14};
+            svector_type b = {12, 15, 17};
             svector_type abu = a;
             svector_type bbu = b;
 
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index 142443f98..d327ba703 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
@@ -19,6 +17,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using std::size_t;
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, simple)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.begin());
 
-        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ 1, range(1, 4) }));
+        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({1, range(1, 4)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view1(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view1(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view1.dimension());
@@ -50,48 +50,48 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view1(1, 0), view1(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1.unchecked(0), view1(0));
 
-        auto view0 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ 0, range(0, 3) }));
+        auto view0 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({0, range(0, 3)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0), view0(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1), view0(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view0.dimension());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), view0.shape()[0]);
 
-        auto view2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(0, 2), 2 }));
+        auto view2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(0, 2), 2}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), view2(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view2(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view2.dimension());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), view2.shape()[0]);
 
-        auto view4 = strided_view(a, { 1 });
+        auto view4 = strided_view(a, {1});
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view4.dimension());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(4), view4.shape()[0]);
 
-        auto view5 = strided_view(view4, { 1 });
+        auto view5 = strided_view(view4, {1});
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), view5.dimension());
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), view5.shape().size());
 
-        auto view6 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ 1, all() }));
+        auto view6 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({1, all()}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0), view6(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view6(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view6(2));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 3), view6(3));
 
-        auto view7 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ all(), 2 }));
+        auto view7 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({all(), 2}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), view7(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view7(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 2), view7(2));
 
-        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(a, { all(), all(), 1 }), std::runtime_error);
-        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(a, { all(), all(), all() }), std::runtime_error);
-        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(strided_view(a, { all(), newaxis(), all() }));
-        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(strided_view(a, { 3, newaxis(), 1 }));
-        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(strided_view(a, { 3, 1, newaxis() }));
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(a, {all(), all(), 1}), std::runtime_error);
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(a, {all(), all(), all()}), std::runtime_error);
+        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(strided_view(a, {all(), newaxis(), all()}));
+        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(strided_view(a, {3, newaxis(), 1}));
+        XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(strided_view(a, {3, 1, newaxis()}));
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, assign)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr = { 5., 6. };
-        xt::strided_view(arr, { 0 }) = xt::strided_view(arr, { 1 });
+        xt::xarray<double> arr = {5., 6.};
+        xt::strided_view(arr, {0}) = xt::strided_view(arr, {1});
 
         auto v1 = xt::strided_view(arr, {0});
         const bool res1 = xt::can_assign<decltype(v1), const xt::xarray<double>&>::value;
@@ -105,49 +105,38 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, three_dimensional)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4, 2 };
-        std::vector<double> data = {
-            1, 2,
-            3, 4,
-            5, 6,
-            7, 8,
-
-            9, 10,
-            11, 12,
-            21, 22,
-            23, 24,
-
-            25, 26,
-            27, 28,
-            29, 210,
-            211, 212
-        };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4, 2};
+        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,   7,   8,
+
+                                    9,  10, 11, 12, 21, 22,  23,  24,
+
+                                    25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 210, 211, 212};
 
         xarray<double> a(shape);
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.begin());
 
-        auto view1 = strided_view(a, { 1 });
+        auto view1 = strided_view(a, {1});
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), view1.dimension());
-        view_shape_type expected_shape = { 4, 2 };
+        view_shape_type expected_shape = {4, 2};
         EXPECT_EQ(expected_shape, view1.shape());
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 0), view1(0, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 1), view1(0, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 0), view1(1, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 1), view1(1, 1));
 
-        std::array<std::size_t, 2> idx = { 1, 1 };
+        std::array<std::size_t, 2> idx = {1, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 1), view1.element(idx.cbegin(), idx.cend()));
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, iterator)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 2, 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data{ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
-            13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 };
+        std::vector<double> data{
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
-        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4) }));
+        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4)}));
         auto iter = view1.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
         auto iter_end = view1.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
 
@@ -166,7 +155,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(iter, iter_end);
         EXPECT_FALSE(iter < iter_end);
 
-        auto view2 = strided_view(view1, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(0, 2), range(1, 3) }));
+        auto view2 = strided_view(view1, xstrided_slice_vector({range(0, 2), range(1, 3)}));
         auto iter2 = view2.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
         auto iter_end2 = view2.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
 
@@ -184,28 +173,26 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, fill)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 2, 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape), res(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data{ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
-            13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 };
+        std::vector<double> data{
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
-        std::vector<double> data_res = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12,
-            13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24 };
+        std::vector<double> data_res = {
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data_res.cbegin(), data_res.cend(), res.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
-        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4) }));
+        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4)}));
         view1.fill(4);
         EXPECT_EQ(a, res);
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, xstrided_view_on_xfunction)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = {{ 1,  2,  3,  4 },
-                         { 5,  6,  7,  8 },
-                         { 9, 10, 11, 12 } };
-        xarray<int> b = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+        xarray<int> b = {1, 2, 3, 4};
 
         auto sum = a + b;
-        auto func = strided_view(sum, xstrided_slice_vector({ 1, range(1, 4) }));
+        auto func = strided_view(sum, xstrided_slice_vector({1, range(1, 4)}));
 
         auto iter = func.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
         auto iter_end = func.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
@@ -221,17 +208,17 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, view_on_generator)
     {
-        auto vgen = strided_view(eye(4), xstrided_slice_vector({ 1, range(1, 4) }));
+        auto vgen = strided_view(eye(4), xstrided_slice_vector({1, range(1, 4)}));
         auto iter = vgen.cbegin();
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, xstrided_view_on_xtensor)
     {
-        xtensor<int, 2> a({ 3, 4 });
-        std::vector<int> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        xtensor<int, 2> a({3, 4});
+        std::vector<int> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
-        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ 1, range(1, 4) }));
+        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({1, range(1, 4)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view1(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view1(1));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view1.dimension());
@@ -245,7 +232,7 @@ namespace xt
         ++iter;
         EXPECT_EQ(8, *iter);
 
-        xarray<int> b({ 3 }, 2);
+        xarray<int> b({3}, 2);
         xtensor<int, 1> res = view1 + b;
         EXPECT_EQ(8, res(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(9, res(1));
@@ -254,13 +241,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, const_view)
     {
-        const xtensor<double, 3> arr{ { 1, 2, 3 }, 2.5 };
-        xtensor<double, 2> arr2{ { 2, 3 }, 0.0 };
-        xtensor<double, 2> ref{ { 2, 3 }, 2.5 };
-        arr2 = strided_view(arr, { 0 });
+        const xtensor<double, 3> arr{{1, 2, 3}, 2.5};
+        xtensor<double, 2> arr2{{2, 3}, 0.0};
+        xtensor<double, 2> ref{{2, 3}, 2.5};
+        arr2 = strided_view(arr, {0});
         EXPECT_EQ(ref, arr2);
         // check that the following compiles
-        auto v = strided_view(arr, { 0 });
+        auto v = strided_view(arr, {0});
         double acc = v(0);
         EXPECT_EQ(acc, 2.5);
         auto iter = v.begin();
@@ -268,12 +255,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, newaxis)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.begin());
 
-        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ all(), newaxis(), all() }));
+        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({all(), newaxis(), all()}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view1(1, 0, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view1(1, 0, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), view1.dimension());
@@ -283,7 +270,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view1(0, 1), view1(0, 0, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(view1(2, 1, 0, 1), view1(1, 0, 1));
 
-        auto view2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ all(), all(), newaxis() }));
+        auto view2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({all(), all(), newaxis()}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view2(1, 1, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view2(1, 2, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), view2.dimension());
@@ -291,41 +278,41 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(4), view2.shape()[1]);
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view2.shape()[2]);
 
-        auto view3 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ 1, newaxis(), all() }));
+        auto view3 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({1, newaxis(), all()}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view3(0, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view3(0, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), view3.dimension());
 
-        auto view4 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ 1, all(), newaxis() }));
+        auto view4 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({1, all(), newaxis()}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view4(1, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view4(2, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), view4.dimension());
 
-        auto view5 = strided_view(view1, { 1 });
+        auto view5 = strided_view(view1, {1});
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view5(0, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view5(0, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), view5.dimension());
 
-        auto view6 = strided_view(view2, { 1 });
+        auto view6 = strided_view(view2, {1});
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view6(1, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view6(2, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), view6.dimension());
 
-        std::array<std::size_t, 3> idx1 = { 1, 0, 2 };
+        std::array<std::size_t, 3> idx1 = {1, 0, 2};
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view1.element(idx1.begin(), idx1.end()));
 
-        std::array<std::size_t, 3> idx2 = { 1, 2, 0 };
+        std::array<std::size_t, 3> idx2 = {1, 2, 0};
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view2.element(idx2.begin(), idx2.end()));
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, newaxis_iterating)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
-        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ all(), all(), newaxis() }));
+        auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({all(), all(), newaxis()}));
         auto iter1 = view1.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
         auto iter1_end = view1.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
 
@@ -355,7 +342,7 @@ namespace xt
         ++iter1;
         EXPECT_EQ(iter1_end, iter1);
 
-        auto view2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ all(), newaxis(), all() }));
+        auto view2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({all(), newaxis(), all()}));
         auto iter2 = view2.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
         auto iter2_end = view2.template end<layout_type::row_major>();
 
@@ -388,9 +375,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, newaxis_function)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         xarray<double> b(view_shape_type(1, 4));
@@ -398,10 +385,10 @@ namespace xt
         data_end += 4;
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data_end, b.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
-        auto v = strided_view(b, xstrided_slice_vector({ newaxis(), all() }));
+        auto v = strided_view(b, xstrided_slice_vector({newaxis(), all()}));
         xarray<double> res = a + v;
 
-        std::vector<double> data2{ 2, 4, 6, 8, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10, 12, 14, 16 };
+        std::vector<double> data2{2, 4, 6, 8, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10, 12, 14, 16};
         xarray<double> expected(shape);
         std::copy(data2.cbegin(), data2.cend(), expected.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
@@ -412,56 +399,56 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using namespace xt::placeholders;
         using t = xarray<int>;
-        t a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        t a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
 
         auto n = xnone();
 
-        auto v1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(3, _) }));
-        t v1e = { 4, 5 };
+        auto v1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(3, _)}));
+        t v1e = {4, 5};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v1e == v1);
 
-        auto v2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(_, 2) }));
-        t v2e = { 1, 2 };
+        auto v2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(_, 2)}));
+        t v2e = {1, 2};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v2e == v2);
 
-        auto v3 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(n, n) }));
-        t v3e = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        auto v3 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(n, n)}));
+        t v3e = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v3e == v3);
 
-        auto v4 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(n, 2, -1) }));
-        t v4e = { 5, 4 };
+        auto v4 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(n, 2, -1)}));
+        t v4e = {5, 4};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v4e == v4);
 
-        auto v5 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(2, n, -1) }));
-        t v5e = { 3, 2, 1 };
+        auto v5 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(2, n, -1)}));
+        t v5e = {3, 2, 1};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v5e == v5);
 
-        auto v6 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(n, n, n) }));
-        t v6e = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        auto v6 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(n, n, n)}));
+        t v6e = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v6e == v6);
 
-        auto v7 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(1, n, 2) }));
-        t v7e = { 2, 4 };
+        auto v7 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(1, n, 2)}));
+        t v7e = {2, 4};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v7e == v7);
 
-        auto v8 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(2, n, 2) }));
-        t v8e = { 3, 5 };
+        auto v8 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(2, n, 2)}));
+        t v8e = {3, 5};
         EXPECT_TRUE(v8e == v8);
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, extended_assign)
     {
         using t = xarray<int>;
-        t a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+        t a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
 
-        auto v = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(0, 2) }));
+        auto v = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(0, 2)}));
         v = 1000;
         EXPECT_EQ(v(0), 1000);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0), 1000);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1), 1000);
 
-        auto v2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({ range(3, 5) }));
-        t b = { -100, -100 };
+        auto v2 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(3, 5)}));
+        t b = {-100, -100};
         v2 = b;
         EXPECT_EQ(v2(1), -100);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(4), -100);
@@ -470,35 +457,41 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xstrided_view, ellipsis)
     {
         using t = xarray<int>;
-        auto a = t::from_shape({ 5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 4 });
+        auto a = t::from_shape({5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 4});
         std::iota(a.begin(), a.end(), 0);
 
-        auto v1 = strided_view(a, { 1, 1, xt::ellipsis() });
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> v1_s{ 1, 1, 1, 4 };
+        auto v1 = strided_view(a, {1, 1, xt::ellipsis()});
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> v1_s{1, 1, 1, 4};
         EXPECT_EQ(v1.shape(), v1_s);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(strided_view(a, { 2, 2, xt::ellipsis() }), strided_view(a, { 2, 2, xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all() }));
-        EXPECT_EQ(strided_view(a, { 2, xt::ellipsis(), 0, 2 }), strided_view(a, { 2, xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all(), 0, 2 }));
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            strided_view(a, {2, 2, xt::ellipsis()}),
+            strided_view(a, {2, 2, xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all()})
+        );
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            strided_view(a, {2, xt::ellipsis(), 0, 2}),
+            strided_view(a, {2, xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all(), 0, 2})
+        );
 
-        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(a, { xt::ellipsis(), 0, xt::ellipsis() }), std::runtime_error);
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(a, {xt::ellipsis(), 0, xt::ellipsis()}), std::runtime_error);
 
-        t b = xt::ones<int>({ 5, 5, 5 });
-        auto v2 = strided_view(b, { xt::ellipsis(), 1, 1, 1 });
+        t b = xt::ones<int>({5, 5, 5});
+        auto v2 = strided_view(b, {xt::ellipsis(), 1, 1, 1});
         EXPECT_EQ(v2(), 1);
         EXPECT_EQ(v2.shape().size(), size_t(0));
 
-        auto v3 = strided_view(b, { xt::ellipsis(), 1, xt::all(), 1 });
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> v3_s{ 5 };
+        auto v3 = strided_view(b, {xt::ellipsis(), 1, xt::all(), 1});
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> v3_s{5};
         EXPECT_EQ(v3.shape(), v3_s);
 
 
-        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(b, { xt::ellipsis(), 1, 1, 1, 1 }), std::runtime_error);
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(strided_view(b, {xt::ellipsis(), 1, 1, 1, 1}), std::runtime_error);
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, incompatible_shape)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = xarray<int>::from_shape({ 4, 3, 2 });
-        xarray<int> b = xarray<int>::from_shape({ 2, 3, 4 });
+        xarray<int> a = xarray<int>::from_shape({4, 3, 2});
+        xarray<int> b = xarray<int>::from_shape({2, 3, 4});
         xstrided_slice_vector sv;
         sv.push_back(all());
         auto v = strided_view(a, sv);
@@ -513,9 +506,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, strided_view_on_view)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = xt::ones<int>({ 3, 4, 5 });
+        xarray<int> a = xt::ones<int>({3, 4, 5});
         auto v1 = view(a, 1, all(), all());
-        auto vv1 = strided_view(v1, { 1, all() });
+        auto vv1 = strided_view(v1, {1, all()});
         vv1 = vv1 * 5;
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0, 0), 1);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 0), 5);
@@ -526,9 +519,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, strided_view_on_strided_view)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = xt::ones<int>({ 3, 4, 5 });
-        auto v1 = strided_view(a, { 1, all(), all() });
-        auto vv1 = strided_view(v1, { 1, all() });
+        xarray<int> a = xt::ones<int>({3, 4, 5});
+        auto v1 = strided_view(a, {1, all(), all()});
+        auto vv1 = strided_view(v1, {1, all()});
         vv1 = vv1 * 5;
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0, 0), 1);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 0), 5);
@@ -536,9 +529,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2, 4), 1);
         EXPECT_EQ(v1(1, 4), 5);
 
-        a = xt::ones<int>({ 3, 4, 5 });
-        auto v2 = strided_view(a, { all(), 1, all() });
-        auto vv2 = strided_view(v2, { all(), 2 });
+        a = xt::ones<int>({3, 4, 5});
+        auto v2 = strided_view(a, {all(), 1, all()});
+        auto vv2 = strided_view(v2, {all(), 2});
         vv2 = vv2 * 5;
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0, 0), 1);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 2), 5);
@@ -551,74 +544,76 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xstrided_view, range_integer_casting)
     {
         // just check compilation
-        auto arr = xarray<int>::from_shape({ 3, 4, 5 });
-        auto a = strided_view(arr, { range(0, std::ptrdiff_t(2)), 323 });
-        auto b = strided_view(arr, { range(std::size_t(0), 2), 323 });
+        auto arr = xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 4, 5});
+        auto a = strided_view(arr, {range(0, std::ptrdiff_t(2)), 323});
+        auto b = strided_view(arr, {range(std::size_t(0), 2), 323});
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, strides)
     {
         // Strides: 72/24/6/1
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = xarray<int, layout_type::row_major>::from_shape({ 5, 3, 4, 6 });
+        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = xarray<int, layout_type::row_major>::from_shape({5, 3, 4, 6});
 
-        auto s1 = strided_view(a, { 1, 1, xt::all(), xt::all() }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s1e = { 6, 1 };
+        auto s1 = strided_view(a, {1, 1, xt::all(), xt::all()}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s1e = {6, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(s1, s1e);
 
-        auto s2 = strided_view(a, { 1, xt::all(), xt::all(), 1 }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s2e = { 24, 6 };
+        auto s2 = strided_view(a, {1, xt::all(), xt::all(), 1}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s2e = {24, 6};
         EXPECT_EQ(s2, s2e);
 
-        auto s3 = strided_view(a, { 1, xt::all(), 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::newaxis(), xt::all() }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s3e = { 24, 0, 0, 1 };
+        auto s3 = strided_view(a, {1, xt::all(), 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::newaxis(), xt::all()}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s3e = {24, 0, 0, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(s3, s3e);
 
-        auto s4 = strided_view(a, { xt::range(0, 1, 2), 1, 0, xt::all(), xt::newaxis() }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s4e = { 0, 1, 0 };
+        auto s4 = strided_view(a, {xt::range(0, 1, 2), 1, 0, xt::all(), xt::newaxis()}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s4e = {0, 1, 0};
         EXPECT_EQ(s4, s4e);
 
-        auto s4x = strided_view(a, { xt::range(0, 5, 2), 1, 0, xt::all(), xt::newaxis() }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s4xe = { 72 * 2, 1, 0 };
+        auto s4x = strided_view(a, {xt::range(0, 5, 2), 1, 0, xt::all(), xt::newaxis()}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s4xe = {72 * 2, 1, 0};
         EXPECT_EQ(s4x, s4xe);
 
-        auto s5 = strided_view(a, { xt::all(), 1 }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s5e = { 72, 6, 1 };
+        auto s5 = strided_view(a, {xt::all(), 1}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s5e = {72, 6, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(s5, s5e);
 
-        auto s6 = strided_view(a, { xt::all(), 1, 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::all() }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s6e = { 72, 0, 1 };
+        auto s6 = strided_view(a, {xt::all(), 1, 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::all()}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s6e = {72, 0, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(s6, s6e);
 
-        auto s7 = strided_view(a, { xt::all(), 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::all() }).strides();
-        std::vector<std::size_t> s7e = { 72, 0, 6, 1 };
+        auto s7 = strided_view(a, {xt::all(), 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::all()}).strides();
+        std::vector<std::size_t> s7e = {72, 0, 6, 1};
         EXPECT_EQ(s7, s7e);
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, layout)
     {
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = xarray<int, layout_type::row_major>::from_shape({ 5, 3, 4, 6 });
+        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = xarray<int, layout_type::row_major>::from_shape({5, 3, 4, 6});
 
-        auto s1 = strided_view(a, { xt::all(), 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::all() }).layout();
+        auto s1 = strided_view(a, {xt::all(), 1, xt::newaxis(), xt::all()}).layout();
         EXPECT_EQ(s1, layout_type::dynamic);
 
-        auto s1x = strided_view(a, { 1, xt::all(), xt::newaxis(), xt::all() }).layout();
+        auto s1x = strided_view(a, {1, xt::all(), xt::newaxis(), xt::all()}).layout();
         EXPECT_EQ(s1x, layout_type::row_major);
 
-        auto s2 = strided_view(a, { 1, 2, range(0, 3), xt::all() }).layout();
+        auto s2 = strided_view(a, {1, 2, range(0, 3), xt::all()}).layout();
         EXPECT_EQ(s2, layout_type::row_major);
 
-        auto s3 = strided_view(a, { 1 }).layout();
+        auto s3 = strided_view(a, {1}).layout();
         EXPECT_EQ(s3, layout_type::row_major);
 
-        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b = xarray<int, layout_type::column_major>::from_shape({ 5, 3, 4, 6 });
+        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> b = xarray<int, layout_type::column_major>::from_shape(
+            {5, 3, 4, 6}
+        );
 
-        auto s4 = strided_view(b, { 1 }).layout();
+        auto s4 = strided_view(b, {1}).layout();
         EXPECT_EQ(s4, layout_type::dynamic);
 
-        auto s5 = strided_view(b, { xt::all(), 1, 1, 1 }).layout();
+        auto s5 = strided_view(b, {xt::all(), 1, 1, 1}).layout();
         EXPECT_EQ(s5, layout_type::column_major);
 
-        auto s6 = strided_view(b, { xt::all(), 1, 1, xt::range(0, 6) }).layout();
+        auto s6 = strided_view(b, {xt::all(), 1, 1, xt::range(0, 6)}).layout();
         EXPECT_EQ(s6, layout_type::dynamic);
     }
 
@@ -640,8 +635,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
-            13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data = {
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto view1 = strided_view(a, {range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4)});
@@ -702,10 +697,13 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(av, a);
 
         bool truthy;
-        truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(xv)::temporary_type, xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 3>, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>();
+        truthy = std::is_same<
+            typename decltype(xv)::temporary_type,
+            xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 3>, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>();
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
 
-        truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::temporary_type, xtensor<double, 2, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>();
+        truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::temporary_type, xtensor<double, 2, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>(
+        );
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
         truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::shape_type, typename decltype(e)::shape_type>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
@@ -721,9 +719,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xstrided_view, reshape_view_assign)
     {
         xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> xa = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
-        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> exp = {{1, 2},
-                                                      {3, 4},
-                                                      {5, 6}};
+        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> exp = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}};
         auto v = reshape_view(xa, {3, 2});
         xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> res = v;
         EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
@@ -742,9 +738,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, on_xbroadcast)
     {
-        xarray<double, layout_type::column_major> a =
-          {{  0.0,  1.0,  2.0},
-           { 10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
+        xarray<double, layout_type::column_major> a = {{0.0, 1.0, 2.0}, {10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
 
         auto b = broadcast(a, {2, 3});
         auto v = strided_view(b, {0});
@@ -755,16 +749,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, on_broadcasted_scalar)
     {
-        xarray<double> expected = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 };
+        xarray<double> expected = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
         xarray<double> a = xt::squeeze(xt::ones<double>({8, 1}));
         EXPECT_EQ(a, expected);
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, on_transpose)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr
-          {{ 0.0,  1.0,  2.0},
-           {10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr{{0.0, 1.0, 2.0}, {10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
 
         auto t = xt::transpose(arr + arr);
         auto v = xt::strided_view(t, {0});
@@ -774,24 +766,23 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, reshape_strided)
     {
-        xtensor<int, 2> a = {{  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8 },
-                             { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 }};
+        xtensor<int, 2> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18}};
 
         auto v1 = view(a, all(), range(0, 4));
-        auto rv1 = reshape_view(v1, {2, 2 ,2});
+        auto rv1 = reshape_view(v1, {2, 2, 2});
         xtensor<int, 3> expected = {{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}, {{11, 12}, {13, 14}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, rv1);
 
         auto rv2 = reshape_view(a, {2, 2, 4});
         auto v2 = strided_view(rv2, {0, 0, all()});
-        xtensor<int, 1> expected2 = {1, 2, 3 ,4};
+        xtensor<int, 1> expected2 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         EXPECT_EQ(expected2, v2);
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, zerod_view_iterator)
     {
-        xt::xarray<int> a{ { { 1, 2 },{ 3, 4 },{ 5, 6 } },{ { 7, 8 },{ 9, 10 },{ 11, 12 } } };
-        xt::xstrided_slice_vector sl = { 1, 0, 1 };
+        xt::xarray<int> a{{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}, {{7, 8}, {9, 10}, {11, 12}}};
+        xt::xstrided_slice_vector sl = {1, 0, 1};
 
         auto vi = xt::strided_view(a, sl);
         auto it0 = vi.cbegin<layout_type::row_major>();
@@ -869,9 +860,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, reshape_view_1d)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
+        xarray<int> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
 
-        auto var = reshape_view<layout_type::row_major>(a, { 3, 2 });
+        auto var = reshape_view<layout_type::row_major>(a, {3, 2});
         xarray<int> rvar = var;
         test::check_reshaped_1d(rvar, var);
         EXPECT_EQ(rvar(0, 0), 1);
@@ -881,7 +872,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(rvar(2, 0), 5);
         EXPECT_EQ(rvar(2, 1), 6);
 
-        auto vac = reshape_view<layout_type::column_major>(a, { 3, 2 });
+        auto vac = reshape_view<layout_type::column_major>(a, {3, 2});
         xarray<int> rvac = vac;
         test::check_reshaped_1d(rvac, vac);
         EXPECT_EQ(rvac(0, 0), 1);
@@ -894,23 +885,23 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, reshape_view_2d)
     {
-        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> ra = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };
+        xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> ra = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
 
-        auto vrar = reshape_view<layout_type::row_major>(ra, { 3, 2 });
+        auto vrar = reshape_view<layout_type::row_major>(ra, {3, 2});
         xarray<int> rvrar = vrar;
         test::check_reshaped_2d_rm(rvrar, vrar);
 
-        auto vrac = reshape_view<layout_type::column_major>(ra, { 3, 2 });
+        auto vrac = reshape_view<layout_type::column_major>(ra, {3, 2});
         xarray<int> rvrac = vrac;
         test::check_reshaped_2d_cm(rvrac, vrac);
 
-        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> ca = { { 1, 2, 3 },{ 4, 5, 6 } };
+        xarray<int, layout_type::column_major> ca = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
 
-        auto vcar = reshape_view<layout_type::row_major>(ca, { 3, 2 });
+        auto vcar = reshape_view<layout_type::row_major>(ca, {3, 2});
         xarray<int> rvcar = vcar;
         test::check_reshaped_2d_rm(rvcar, vcar);
 
-        auto vcac = reshape_view<layout_type::column_major>(ca, { 3, 2 });
+        auto vcac = reshape_view<layout_type::column_major>(ca, {3, 2});
         xarray<int> rvcac = vcac;
         test::check_reshaped_2d_cm(rvcac, vcac);
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xstrides.cpp b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
index faa61182d..b9dcf8643 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrides.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xstrides, broadcast_shape)
     {
         using shape_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        shape_type s1 = { 2, 4, 3 };
-        shape_type s2 = { 2, 1, 3 };
-        shape_type s3 = { 2, 0, 3 };
+        shape_type s1 = {2, 4, 3};
+        shape_type s2 = {2, 1, 3};
+        shape_type s3 = {2, 0, 3};
         shape_type s4 = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(3);
 
         shape_type s5 = s2;
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             row_major_result<> rm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
-            index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
+            index_type index = {2, 1, 1};
             auto offset = element_offset<std::ptrdiff_t>(rm.strides(), index.cbegin(), index.cend());
             index_type unrav_index = unravel_from_strides(offset, rm.strides(), layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             column_major_result<> cm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
-            index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
+            index_type index = {2, 1, 1};
             auto offset = element_offset<std::ptrdiff_t>(cm.strides(), index.cbegin(), index.cend());
             index_type unrav_index = unravel_from_strides(offset, cm.strides(), layout_type::column_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             unit_shape_result<> um;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
-            index_type index = { 2, 0, 1 };
+            index_type index = {2, 0, 1};
             auto offset = element_offset<std::ptrdiff_t>(um.strides(), index.cbegin(), index.cend());
             index_type unrav_index = unravel_from_strides(offset, um.strides(), layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             row_major_result<> rm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
-            index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
+            index_type index = {2, 1, 1};
             auto offset = element_offset<std::size_t>(rm.strides(), index.cbegin(), index.cend());
             index_type unrav_index = unravel_index(offset, rm.shape(), layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             column_major_result<> cm;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
-            index_type index = { 2, 1, 1 };
+            index_type index = {2, 1, 1};
             auto offset = element_offset<std::size_t>(cm.strides(), index.cbegin(), index.cend());
             index_type unrav_index = unravel_index(offset, cm.shape(), layout_type::column_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             unit_shape_result<> um;
             using index_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t>;
-            index_type index = { 2, 0, 1 };
+            index_type index = {2, 0, 1};
             auto offset = element_offset<std::size_t>(um.strides(), index.cbegin(), index.cend());
             index_type unrav_index = unravel_index(offset, um.shape(), layout_type::row_major);
             EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(unrav_index.cbegin(), unrav_index.cend(), index.cbegin()));
@@ -205,39 +206,39 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xstrides, do_match_strides)
     {
         using vector_type = std::vector<std::size_t>;
-        vector_type shape_0 = { 2, 1, 4 };
+        vector_type shape_0 = {2, 1, 4};
 
-        vector_type strides_0 = { 4, 0, 1 };
+        vector_type strides_0 = {4, 0, 1};
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_0, strides_0, xt::layout_type::row_major, true));
 
-        vector_type strides_1 = { 4, 4, 1 };
+        vector_type strides_1 = {4, 4, 1};
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_0, strides_1, xt::layout_type::row_major, false));
 
-        vector_type strides_2 = { 1, 0, 2 };
+        vector_type strides_2 = {1, 0, 2};
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_0, strides_2, xt::layout_type::column_major, true));
 
-        vector_type strides_3 = { 1, 2, 2 };
+        vector_type strides_3 = {1, 2, 2};
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_0, strides_3, xt::layout_type::column_major, false));
 
-        vector_type shape_1 = { 2, 1, 2, 4 };
-        vector_type strides_4 = { 8, 8, 4, 1 };
+        vector_type shape_1 = {2, 1, 2, 4};
+        vector_type strides_4 = {8, 8, 4, 1};
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_1, strides_4, xt::layout_type::row_major, false));
 
-        vector_type strides_5 = { 8, 1, 8, 1 };
+        vector_type strides_5 = {8, 1, 8, 1};
         EXPECT_FALSE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_1, strides_5, xt::layout_type::row_major, false));
 
-        vector_type shape_2 = { 2, 2, 1, 4 };
-        vector_type strides_6 = { 1, 2, 4, 4 };
+        vector_type shape_2 = {2, 2, 1, 4};
+        vector_type strides_6 = {1, 2, 4, 4};
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_2, strides_6, xt::layout_type::column_major, false));
 
-        vector_type strides_7 = { 1, 2, 1, 4 };
+        vector_type strides_7 = {1, 2, 1, 4};
         EXPECT_FALSE(xt::do_strides_match(shape_2, strides_7, xt::layout_type::column_major, false));
     }
 
     TEST(xstrides, ravel_index)
     {
-        xt::uvector<std::size_t> index = { 1, 1, 1 };
-        xt::uvector<std::size_t> shape = { 10, 20, 30 };
+        xt::uvector<std::size_t> index = {1, 1, 1};
+        xt::uvector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 20, 30};
         auto idx = xt::ravel_index(index, shape, xt::layout_type::row_major);
         EXPECT_EQ(idx, 631);
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index e40c1626c..a1ae63cb3 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "test_common.hpp"
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -30,13 +31,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor, initializer_constructor)
     {
-        xtensor_dynamic t
-          {{{0, 1, 2},
-            {3, 4, 5},
-            {6, 7, 8}},
-           {{9, 10, 11},
-            {12, 13, 14},
-            {15, 16, 17}}};
+        xtensor_dynamic t{{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}}, {{9, 10, 11}, {12, 13, 14}, {15, 16, 17}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(t.dimension(), size_t(3));
         EXPECT_EQ(t(0, 0, 1), 1);
         EXPECT_EQ(t.shape()[0], size_t(2));
@@ -169,10 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor, missing)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a
-           {{0, 1, 2},
-            {3, 4, 5},
-            {6, 7, 8}};
+        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a(0), 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1), 1);
@@ -224,7 +216,7 @@ namespace xt
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
         xtensor_dynamic b;
-        std::vector<size_t> s = { 2u, 2u };
+        std::vector<size_t> s = {2u, 2u};
         xtensor_dynamic::strides_type strides = {2u, 1u};
         EXPECT_THROW(b.resize(s), std::runtime_error);
         EXPECT_THROW(b.resize(s, layout_type::dynamic), std::runtime_error);
@@ -327,18 +319,24 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(2, res(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(2, res(1));
 
-        xtensor<int, 1> b = { 1, 2 };
+        xtensor<int, 1> b = {1, 2};
         xt::xarray<double> ca = a * b;
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, move_from_xarray)
     {
-        xarray<double> a = {{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}}, {{10, 10, 10}, {1,5,10}}};
+        xarray<double> a = {{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}, {{10, 10, 10}, {1, 5, 10}}};
         xarray<double> a1 = a;
         xtensor<double, 3> b(std::move(a1));
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), b.strides().begin()) && a.strides().size() == b.strides().size());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), b.backstrides().begin()) && a.backstrides().size() == b.backstrides().size());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), b.strides().begin())
+            && a.strides().size() == b.strides().size()
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), b.backstrides().begin())
+            && a.backstrides().size() == b.backstrides().size()
+        );
         EXPECT_EQ(a.layout(), b.layout());
 
         xarray<double> a2 = a;
@@ -346,51 +344,61 @@ namespace xt
         c = std::move(a2);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(a, c);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), c.strides().begin()) && a.strides().size() == c.strides().size());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), c.backstrides().begin()) && a.backstrides().size() == c.backstrides().size());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.strides().begin(), a.strides().end(), c.strides().begin())
+            && a.strides().size() == c.strides().size()
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            std::equal(a.backstrides().begin(), a.backstrides().end(), c.backstrides().begin())
+            && a.backstrides().size() == c.backstrides().size()
+        );
         EXPECT_EQ(a.layout(), c.layout());
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, from_indices)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a = {{1,0,0},{1,1,0},{1,1,1}};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> jdx = {{0,0},{1,0},{1,1},{2,0},{2,1},{2,2}};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> idx = xt::from_indices(xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a,1)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(idx==jdx);
+        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a = {{1, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 1}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> jdx = {{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}, {2, 0}, {2, 1}, {2, 2}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> idx = xt::from_indices(xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a, 1)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(idx == jdx);
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, flatten_indices)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int, 1> a = {1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> jdx = {0,3,4,6,7,8};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> idx = xt::flatten_indices(xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a,1)));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(idx==jdx);
+        xt::xtensor<int, 1> a = {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> jdx = {0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> idx = xt::flatten_indices(xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a, 1)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(idx == jdx);
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, ravel_indices)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a = {{1,0,0},{1,1,0},{1,1,1}};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> jdx = {0,3,4,6,7,8};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> idx = xt::ravel_indices(xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a,1)), a.shape());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(idx==jdx);
+        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a = {{1, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 1}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> jdx = {0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> idx = xt::ravel_indices(xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a, 1)), a.shape());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(idx == jdx);
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, ravel_indices_column_major)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{1,0,0},{1,1,0},{1,1,1}};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> jdx = {0,1,4,2,5,8};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> idx = xt::ravel_indices(xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a,1)), a.shape(), xt::layout_type::column_major);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(idx==jdx);
+        xt::xtensor<int, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{1, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 1}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> jdx = {0, 1, 4, 2, 5, 8};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 1> idx = xt::ravel_indices(
+            xt::argwhere(xt::equal(a, 1)),
+            a.shape(),
+            xt::layout_type::column_major
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(idx == jdx);
     }
 
     TEST(xarray, operator_brace)
     {
 #ifdef XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
         EXPECT_THROW(a(2, 0), std::runtime_error);
         EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0,1,2}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}};
         EXPECT_THROW(a(0, 3), std::runtime_error);
         EXPECT_THROW(a(1, 3), std::runtime_error);
 #endif
@@ -398,19 +406,19 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor, periodic)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
-        a.periodic(-1,3) = 30;
-        a.periodic(-1,4) = 40;
-        a.periodic(-1,5) = 50;
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
+        a.periodic(-1, 3) = 30;
+        a.periodic(-1, 4) = 40;
+        a.periodic(-1, 5) = 50;
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, flat)
     {
         {
-            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
             a.flat(3) = 30;
             a.flat(4) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
@@ -420,8 +428,8 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
         }
         {
-            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+            xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::column_major> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
             a.flat(1) = 30;
             a.flat(3) = 40;
             a.flat(5) = 50;
@@ -434,9 +442,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor, in_bounds)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(0,0) == true);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(2,0) == false);
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(0, 0) == true);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(a.in_bounds(2, 0) == false);
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor, iterator_types)
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
index 1c03b45c4..7cc404552 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
index 36a0135b1..f2481a6e4 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+
 #include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -54,17 +55,11 @@ namespace xt
         using int32_tensor = xtensor<int32_t, 2>;
         using double_tensor = xtensor<double, 2>;
 
-        int8_tensor i8t = {{int8_t(0), int8_t(1) },
-                           { int8_t(2) , int8_t(3) },
-                           { int8_t(4) , int8_t(5) }};
+        int8_tensor i8t = {{int8_t(0), int8_t(1)}, {int8_t(2), int8_t(3)}, {int8_t(4), int8_t(5)}};
 
-        int32_tensor i32t = {{ int32_t(0), int32_t(1) },
-                             { int8_t(2) , int8_t(3) },
-                             { int8_t(4) , int8_t(5) }};
+        int32_tensor i32t = {{int32_t(0), int32_t(1)}, {int8_t(2), int8_t(3)}, {int8_t(4), int8_t(5)}};
 
-        double_tensor dt = {{0., 1.},
-                            {2., 3.},
-                            {4., 5.}};
+        double_tensor dt = {{0., 1.}, {2., 3.}, {4., 5.}};
 
         int32_tensor i32res = i8t;
         EXPECT_EQ(i32res, i32t);
@@ -75,7 +70,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xtensor_semantic, broadcasting_single_element)
     {
-        xtensor<int, 2> t = xt::zeros<int>({ 1, 1 });
+        xtensor<int, 2> t = xt::zeros<int>({1, 1});
         EXPECT_EQ(t.backstrides().size(), 2u);
         EXPECT_EQ(t.backstrides()[0], 0u);
         EXPECT_EQ(t.backstrides()[1], 0u);
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index cc6cce949..a72929e8d 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
+#include <complex>
 #include <initializer_list>
-#include <type_traits>
 #include <tuple>
-#include <complex>
+#include <type_traits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     using std::size_t;
@@ -70,12 +70,18 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(utils, accumulate)
     {
-        auto func = [](int i, int j) { return i + j; };
+        auto func = [](int i, int j)
+        {
+            return i + j;
+        };
         const std::tuple<int, int, int> t(3, 4, 1);
         EXPECT_EQ(8, accumulate(func, 0, t));
         EXPECT_FALSE(noexcept(accumulate(func, 0, t)));
 
-        auto func_ne = [](int i, int j) noexcept { return i + j; };
+        auto func_ne = [](int i, int j) noexcept
+        {
+            return i + j;
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(8, accumulate(func_ne, 0, t));
         EXPECT_TRUE(noexcept(accumulate(func_ne, 0, t)));
     }
@@ -83,16 +89,26 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... T>
     auto foo(const std::tuple<T...>& t)
     {
-        auto func = [](int i) { return i; };
+        auto func = [](int i)
+        {
+            return i;
+        };
         return apply<int>(1, func, t);
     }
 
-    int fun(int i) noexcept{ return 2 * i; }
+    int fun(int i) noexcept
+    {
+        return 2 * i;
+    }
+
     TEST(utils, apply)
     {
         ASSERT_TRUE(foo(std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3)) == 2);
         EXPECT_FALSE(noexcept(foo(std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3))));
-        auto func_ne = [](int i) noexcept { return i; };
+        auto func_ne = [](int i) noexcept
+        {
+            return i;
+        };
         auto t = std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3);
 #if (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
         EXPECT_FALSE(noexcept(apply<int>(1, func_ne, t)));
@@ -143,7 +159,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         b = has_storage_type<decltype(view(x, all()))>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_storage_type<decltype(view(2*x, all()))>::value;
+        b = has_storage_type<decltype(view(2 * x, all()))>::value;
         EXPECT_FALSE(b);
     }
 
@@ -208,10 +224,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(utils, allocation_tracking)
     {
-        using arr_t = xarray<double, layout_type::row_major,
-                             tracking_allocator<double, std::allocator<double>, alloc_tracking::policy::assert>>;
+        using arr_t = xarray<
+            double,
+            layout_type::row_major,
+            tracking_allocator<double, std::allocator<double>, alloc_tracking::policy::assert>>;
 
-        arr_t a = {{1,2,3}, {5,6,7}};
+        arr_t a = {{1, 2, 3}, {5, 6, 7}};
 
         alloc_tracking::enable();
         XT_EXPECT_THROW(arr_t b = a + 123, std::runtime_error);
diff --git a/test/test_xvectorize.cpp b/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
index e31281bb0..47d5d3efc 100644
--- a/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xvectorize.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     double f1(double d1, double d2)
@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xvectorize, lambda)
     {
-        auto lambda = [](double d1, double d2) { return d1 + d2; };
+        auto lambda = [](double d1, double d2)
+        {
+            return d1 + d2;
+        };
         auto vec_lambda = vectorize(lambda);
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<double> a(shape, 1.5);
@@ -63,7 +66,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xvectorize, noargument)
     {
-        auto vecfunc = vectorize([] { return double(1.); });
+        auto vecfunc = vectorize(
+            []
+            {
+                return double(1.);
+            }
+        );
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
         xarray<double> a(shape, 1.5);
         a = vecfunc();
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index 503dee38c..dbce1bebc 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
 // Workaround to avoid warnings regarding initialization
@@ -25,12 +24,12 @@
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -55,7 +54,8 @@ namespace xt
             view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
             xarray<double> a(shape);
             auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(1, 4));
-            bool check = std::is_same<xarray<double>, typename xcontainer_inner_types<decltype(view1)>::temporary_type>::value;
+            bool check = std::
+                is_same<xarray<double>, typename xcontainer_inner_types<decltype(view1)>::temporary_type>::value;
             EXPECT_TRUE(check);
         }
 
@@ -63,11 +63,15 @@ namespace xt
             xtensor<double, 2>::shape_type shape = {3, 4};
             xtensor<double, 2> a(shape);
             auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(1, 4));
-            bool check1 = std::is_same<xtensor<double, 1>, typename xcontainer_inner_types<decltype(view1)>::temporary_type>::value;
+            bool check1 = std::is_same<
+                xtensor<double, 1>,
+                typename xcontainer_inner_types<decltype(view1)>::temporary_type>::value;
             EXPECT_TRUE(check1);
 
             auto view2 = view(a, all(), newaxis(), range(1, 4));
-            bool check2 = std::is_same<xtensor<double, 3>, typename xcontainer_inner_types<decltype(view2)>::temporary_type>::value;
+            bool check2 = std::is_same<
+                xtensor<double, 3>,
+                typename xcontainer_inner_types<decltype(view2)>::temporary_type>::value;
             EXPECT_TRUE(check2);
         }
     }
@@ -153,9 +157,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, stored_range)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto r0 = range(1, 3);
@@ -173,9 +177,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, copy_semantic)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         SUBCASE("copy constructor")
@@ -208,9 +212,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, move_semantic)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         SUBCASE("copy constructor")
@@ -244,22 +248,11 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, three_dimensional)
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {3, 4, 2};
-        std::vector<double> data = {
-            1, 2,
-            3, 4,
-            5, 6,
-            7, 8,
-
-            9, 10,
-            11, 12,
-            21, 22,
-            23, 24,
-
-            25, 26,
-            27, 28,
-            29, 210,
-            211, 212
-        };
+        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,   7,   8,
+
+                                    9,  10, 11, 12, 21, 22,  23,  24,
+
+                                    25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 210, 211, 212};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
@@ -310,13 +303,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, temporary_view)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr1
-         {{1.0, 2.0, 3.0},
-          {2.0, 5.0, 7.0},
-          {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr1{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};
 
-        xt::xarray<double> arr2
-         {5.0, 6.0, 7.0};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr2{5.0, 6.0, 7.0};
 
         xt::xarray<double> res = xt::view(arr1, 1) + arr2;
         EXPECT_EQ(7., res(0));
@@ -326,10 +315,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, access)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr
-        {{ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 },
-         { 2.0, 5.0, 7.0 },
-         { 2.0, 5.0, 7.0 }};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(arr, 1, xt::range(1, 3));
         EXPECT_EQ(v1(), arr(0, 1));
@@ -337,22 +323,19 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(v1(1, 1), arr(1, 2));
 
         auto v2 = xt::view(arr, all(), newaxis(), all());
-        //EXPECT_EQ(v2(1), arr(0, 1));
+        // EXPECT_EQ(v2(1), arr(0, 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(v2(1, 0, 2), arr(1, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(v2(2, 1, 0, 2), arr(1, 2));
 
         auto v3 = xt::view(arr, xt::range(0, 2), xt::range(1, 3));
-        //EXPECT_EQ(v3(1), arr(0, 2));
+        // EXPECT_EQ(v3(1), arr(0, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(v3(1, 1), arr(1, 2));
         EXPECT_EQ(v3(2, 3, 1, 1), arr(1, 2));
     }
 
     TEST(xview, unchecked)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr
-        { { 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 },
-        { 2.0, 5.0, 7.0 },
-        { 2.0, 5.0, 7.0 } };
+        xt::xarray<double> arr{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(arr, 1, xt::range(1, 3));
         EXPECT_EQ(v1.unchecked(1), arr(1, 2));
@@ -368,8 +351,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
-                                    13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data = {
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto view1 = view(a, range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4));
@@ -407,13 +390,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, fill)
     {
-        view_shape_type shape = { 2, 3, 4 };
+        view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape), res(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
-            13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 };
+        std::vector<double> data = {
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
-        std::vector<double> data_res = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12,
-            13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24 };
+        std::vector<double> data_res = {
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data_res.cbegin(), data_res.cend(), res.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
         auto view1 = view(a, range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4));
         view1.fill(4);
@@ -424,8 +407,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
-            13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data = {
+            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto view1 = view(a, range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4));
@@ -567,7 +550,9 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(count1, size_t(3));
         size_t count2 = newaxis_count<xnewaxis<size_t>, xrange<size_t>, xnewaxis<size_t>>();
         EXPECT_EQ(count2, size_t(2));
-        size_t count3 = newaxis_count_before<xnewaxis<size_t>, xnewaxis<size_t>, xnewaxis<size_t>, xrange<size_t>>(3);
+        size_t count3 = newaxis_count_before<xnewaxis<size_t>, xnewaxis<size_t>, xnewaxis<size_t>, xrange<size_t>>(
+            3
+        );
         EXPECT_EQ(count3, size_t(3));
         size_t count4 = newaxis_count_before<xnewaxis<size_t>, xrange<size_t>, xnewaxis<size_t>>(2);
         EXPECT_EQ(count4, size_t(1));
@@ -625,7 +610,7 @@ namespace xt
         std::array<std::size_t, 2> idx3 = {1, 2};
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view3.element(idx3.begin(), idx3.end()));
 
-        xt::xarray<float> x5 = xt::ones<float>({1,4,16,16});
+        xt::xarray<float> x5 = xt::ones<float>({1, 4, 16, 16});
         auto view7 = xt::view(x5, xt::all(), xt::newaxis(), xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all());
         std::array<std::size_t, 5> idx4 = {0, 0, 2, 14, 12};
         EXPECT_EQ(view7.element(idx4.begin(), idx4.end()), 1.f);
@@ -813,16 +798,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, strides_type)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<float, 2> a{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
-            { 5, 6 }
-        };
+        xt::xtensor<float, 2> a{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}};
         auto row = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all());
         if (a.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
         {
             bool cond1 = std::is_same<decltype(row)::strides_type, std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, 1>>::value;
-            bool cond2 = std::is_same<decltype(row.strides()), const xt::sequence_view<std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, 2>, 1, 2>&>::value;
+            bool cond2 = std::is_same<
+                decltype(row.strides()),
+                const xt::sequence_view<std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, 2>, 1, 2>&>::value;
             EXPECT_TRUE(cond1);
             EXPECT_TRUE(cond2);
         }
@@ -905,7 +888,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, to_scalar)
     {
-        std::array<std::size_t, 3> sh{2,2,2};
+        std::array<std::size_t, 3> sh{2, 2, 2};
         xtensor<double, 3> a(sh, 123);
         xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2, 2, 2>> af = a;
         xarray<double> b = a;
@@ -933,7 +916,7 @@ namespace xt
         ax = is_xscalar<decltype(afv1)>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(ax);
 
-        const xtensor<double, 2> ac = {{1,2}, {3,4}};
+        const xtensor<double, 2> ac = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
         double a1 = view(ac, 0, 0);
         const double& a2 = view(ac, 0, 0);
 
@@ -956,7 +939,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto citer_expv1 = exp.template begin<layout_type::column_major>();
         for (auto iter = v.template begin<layout_type::column_major>();
-            iter != v.template end<layout_type::column_major>(); ++iter)
+             iter != v.template end<layout_type::column_major>();
+             ++iter)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(*iter, *citer_expv1);
             ++citer_expv1;
@@ -990,22 +974,11 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<double> expected;
         if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL == layout_type::row_major)
         {
-           expected = {
-               0, 1, 2, 3,
-               20, 21, 22, 23,
-               40, 41, 42, 43,
-               60, 61, 62, 63,
-               80, 81, 82, 83
-           };
+            expected = {0, 1, 2, 3, 20, 21, 22, 23, 40, 41, 42, 43, 60, 61, 62, 63, 80, 81, 82, 83};
         }
         else
         {
-           expected = {
-               0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
-               25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
-               50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
-               75, 76, 77, 78, 79
-           };
+            expected = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79};
         }
         auto v = xt::view(x, all(), 0);
 
@@ -1022,12 +995,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, keep_slice)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {{{ 1, 2, 3, 4},
-                                                         { 5, 6, 7, 8}},
-                                                        {{ 9,10,11,12},
-                                                         {13,14,15,16}},
-                                                        {{17,18,19,20},
-                                                         {21,22,23,24}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
+            {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
+            {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, keep(1), keep(0, 1), keep(0, 3));
         xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
@@ -1046,8 +1017,7 @@ namespace xt
         test_view_iter(v3, exp_v3);
 
         auto v4 = xt::view(a, keep(0, 2), keep(0));
-        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v4 = {{{  1.,   2.,   3.,   4.}},
-                                     {{ 17.,  18.,  19.,  20.}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v4 = {{{1., 2., 3., 4.}}, {{17., 18., 19., 20.}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(v4, exp_v4);
 
         v4(0, 0) = 123;
@@ -1066,12 +1036,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, keep_negative)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {{{ 1, 2, 3, 4},
-                                                         { 5, 6, 7, 8}},
-                                                        {{ 9,10,11,12},
-                                                         {13,14,15,16}},
-                                                        {{17,18,19,20},
-                                                         {21,22,23,24}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
+            {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
+            {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, keep(-2), keep(-0, -1), keep(0, -1));
         xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
@@ -1089,15 +1057,13 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, drop_slice)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {{{ 1, 2, 3, 4},
-                                                         { 5, 6, 7, 8}},
-                                                        {{ 9,10,11,12},
-                                                         {13,14,15,16}},
-                                                        {{17,18,19,20},
-                                                         {21,22,23,24}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
+            {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
+            {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, drop(0, 2), keep(0, 1), drop(1, 2));
-        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = { { { 9, 12 },{ 13, 16 } } };
+        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(v1, exp_v1);
         test_view_iter(v1, exp_v1);
 
@@ -1106,8 +1072,7 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(v2, exp_v1);
 
         auto v4 = xt::view(a, drop(1), drop(1));
-        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v4 = {{{ 1.,   2.,   3.,   4.}},
-                                     {{17.,  18.,  19.,  20.}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v4 = {{{1., 2., 3., 4.}}, {{17., 18., 19., 20.}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(v4, exp_v4);
 
         v4(0, 0) = 123;
@@ -1129,16 +1094,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, drop_negative)
     {
-        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {{{ 1, 2, 3, 4},
-                                                         { 5, 6, 7, 8}},
-                                                        {{ 9,10,11,12},
-                                                         {13,14,15,16}},
-                                                        {{17,18,19,20},
-                                                         {21,22,23,24}}};
+        xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
+            {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
+            {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
 
-        //auto v1 = xt::view(a, keep(-2), keep(-0, -1), keep(0, -1));
+        // auto v1 = xt::view(a, keep(-2), keep(-0, -1), keep(0, -1));
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, drop(-3, -1), keep(0, 1), drop(-3, -2));
-        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = { { { 9, 12 },{ 13, 16 } } };
+        xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
         EXPECT_EQ(v1, exp_v1);
     }
 
@@ -1151,7 +1114,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto dv = xt::view(xs, didx);
         xt::xtensor<double, 1> kres = kv;
         xt::xtensor<double, 1> dres = dv;
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> expected = { 0., 3., 5. };
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> expected = {0., 3., 5.};
         EXPECT_EQ(kres, expected);
         EXPECT_EQ(dres, expected);
     }
@@ -1160,12 +1123,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xarray<std::uint8_t> input;
         xt::xarray<float> output;
-        input.resize({ { 50,16,16,3 } });
-        output.resize({ { 50,16,16,3 } });
+        input.resize({{50, 16, 16, 3}});
+        output.resize({{50, 16, 16, 3}});
 
         input.fill(std::uint8_t(1));
         output.fill(float(2.));
-        for (int i = 0; i<50; ++i)
+        for (int i = 0; i < 50; ++i)
         {
             auto in_view = xt::view(input, i);
             auto out_view = xt::view(output, i);
@@ -1232,8 +1195,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using vector_type = std::vector<int>;
         using array_type = std::array<int, 7>;
-        auto a = vector_type({0,1,2,3,4,5,6});
-        auto b = array_type({0,1,2,3,4,5,6});
+        auto a = vector_type({0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6});
+        auto b = array_type({0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6});
 
         auto va = sequence_view<vector_type, 3>(a);
         auto vb = sequence_view<array_type, 3>(b);
@@ -1252,8 +1215,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         vector_type cvta = va;
         std::array<int, 4> cvtb = vb;
-        vector_type cvta_expected = { 3, 4, 5, 6 };
-        std::array<int, 4> cvtb_expected = { 3, 4, 5, 6};
+        vector_type cvta_expected = {3, 4, 5, 6};
+        std::array<int, 4> cvtb_expected = {3, 4, 5, 6};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(cvta, cvta_expected);
         EXPECT_EQ(cvtb, cvtb_expected);
@@ -1335,29 +1298,41 @@ namespace xt
 
             using assign_traits = xassign_traits<decltype(vxt), decltype(b)>;
 
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
             EXPECT_TRUE(assign_traits::simd_linear_assign());
-    #endif
+#endif
 
             using assign_traits2 = xassign_traits<decltype(b), decltype(vxa)>;
 
-    #if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
+#if XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
             EXPECT_FALSE(assign_traits2::simd_linear_assign());
-    #endif
+#endif
         }
     }
 
-    xt::xtensor<double,2> view_assign_func(const xt::xtensor<double, 2>& a, int idx)
+    xt::xtensor<double, 2> view_assign_func(const xt::xtensor<double, 2>& a, int idx)
     {
         xt::xtensor<double, 2> b;
-        switch(idx)
+        switch (idx)
         {
-            case 1: b = xt::view(a,      xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1)); break;
-            case 2: b.assign(xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1))); break;
-            case 3: b = xt::view(a,      xt::all(), xt::range(0, 2)); break;
-            case 4: b = 2.*xt::view(a,   xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1)); break;
-            case 5: b = xt::view(2.*a,   xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1)); break;
-            default: b = a; break;
+            case 1:
+                b = xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1));
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                b.assign(xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1)));
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                b = xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 2));
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                b = 2. * xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1));
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                b = xt::view(2. * a, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 1));
+                break;
+            default:
+                b = a;
+                break;
         }
         return b;
     }
@@ -1380,9 +1355,9 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, view_on_strided_view)
     {
         // Compilation test only
-        xt::xarray<float> original = xt::xarray<float>::from_shape({ 3, 2, 5 });
+        xt::xarray<float> original = xt::xarray<float>::from_shape({3, 2, 5});
         original.fill(float(0.));
-        auto str_view = xt::strided_view(original, { 1, xt::ellipsis() }); //i is an int
+        auto str_view = xt::strided_view(original, {1, xt::ellipsis()});  // i is an int
         auto result = xt::view(str_view, xt::all(), xt::all());
         EXPECT_EQ(result(0), 0.f);
     }
@@ -1397,10 +1372,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, assign_scalar_to_contiguous_view_of_view)
     {
-        xt::xarray<double> arr
-          {{0., 1., 2.},
-           {3., 4., 5.},
-           {6., 7., 8.}};
+        xt::xarray<double> arr{{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}, {6., 7., 8.}};
         auto vv = xt::view(xt::view(arr, 1), 0);
         vv = 100.0;
         EXPECT_EQ(arr(1, 0), 100.0);
@@ -1408,15 +1380,12 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, keep_assign)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a = { {1, 2, 3, 4},
-                                  {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                                  {9, 10, 11, 12},
-                                  {13, 14, 15, 16} };
+        xt::xtensor<int, 2> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}};
 
         auto v = xt::view(xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::keep(0, 1)), xt::all(), 0);
         xt::xtensor<int, 1> res = v;
 
-        xt::xtensor<int, 1> exp = { 1, 5, 9, 13 };
+        xt::xtensor<int, 1> exp = {1, 5, 9, 13};
         EXPECT_EQ(res, exp);
     }
 
@@ -1425,7 +1394,7 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> a = xt::random::rand<double>({5, 5, 5, 5});
 
         std::size_t sa = 0, sb = 2;
-        auto start = xt::view(a, 1); //3D
+        auto start = xt::view(a, 1);  // 3D
         auto res = xt::view(start, xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::keep(sa, sb));
 
         auto expres = xt::exp(res);
@@ -1437,34 +1406,35 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, view_on_fixed)
     {
-        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3>> a{1./8, 1, -1./8};
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3>> a{1. / 8, 1, -1. / 8};
         auto v = xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis());
         EXPECT_EQ(v.dimension(), 2u);
         EXPECT_EQ(v.shape(), (std::array<std::size_t, 2>{3, 1}));
 
         auto b = a * xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis());
 
-        xt::xarray<double> exp = {{ 0.015625,  0.125   , -0.015625},
-                                  { 0.125   ,  1.      , -0.125   },
-                                  {-0.015625, -0.125   ,  0.015625}};
+        xt::xarray<double> exp = {
+            {0.015625, 0.125, -0.015625},
+            {0.125, 1., -0.125},
+            {-0.015625, -0.125, 0.015625}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, exp);
     }
 
     TEST(xview, periodic)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
         auto view = xt::view(a, xt::keep(1), xt::all());
-        view.periodic(-1,3) = 30;
-        view.periodic(-1,4) = 40;
-        view.periodic(-1,5) = 50;
+        view.periodic(-1, 3) = 30;
+        view.periodic(-1, 4) = 40;
+        view.periodic(-1, 5) = 50;
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
     TEST(xview, front)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         auto v = xt::view(a, 0, xt::all());
         auto w = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all());
         EXPECT_EQ(v.front(), 1);
@@ -1473,7 +1443,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, back)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         auto v = xt::view(a, 0, xt::all());
         auto w = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all());
         EXPECT_EQ(v.back(), 3);
@@ -1482,8 +1452,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, flat)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0,1,2}, {30,40,50}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2, xt::layout_type::row_major> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {30, 40, 50}};
         auto view = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all());
         view.flat(0) = 30;
         view.flat(1) = 40;
@@ -1493,10 +1463,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, in_bounds)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<size_t,2> a = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
         auto view = xt::view(a, xt::keep(1), xt::all());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(view.in_bounds(0,0) == true);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(view.in_bounds(2,0) == false);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(view.in_bounds(0, 0) == true);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(view.in_bounds(2, 0) == false);
     }
 
     TEST(xview, strides_compute_out_of_bounds)
@@ -1512,8 +1482,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    auto transform(E& x) {
-      x += 2;
+    auto transform(E& x)
+    {
+        x += 2;
     }
 
     TEST(xview, nontrivial_strides)
@@ -1545,17 +1516,17 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, element)
     {
-        xarray<int> a = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };
+        xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         auto v = view(a, 0);
-        std::array<std::size_t, 2> idx = { 0, 1 };
+        std::array<std::size_t, 2> idx = {0, 1};
         int res = v.element(idx.cbegin(), idx.cend());
         EXPECT_EQ(res, 2);
     }
 
     TEST(xview, view_reshape_view)
     {
-        xtensor<int, 1> a = { 0, 1, 2 };
-        xtensor<int, 1> b = { 2, 3, 4 };
+        xtensor<int, 1> a = {0, 1, 2};
+        xtensor<int, 1> b = {2, 3, 4};
         auto tmp = reshape_view(a, {3});
         auto res = view(std::move(tmp), xt::all());
         noalias(view(reshape_view(a, {3}), xt::all())) = b;
@@ -1564,9 +1535,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xview, view_on_bool)
     {
-        xt::xarray<bool> a { { false, false }, { false, false } };
-        xt::xarray<bool> b { {  true,  true }, {  true,  true } };
-        xt::view( a, 0 ) = xt::view( b, 0 );
+        xt::xarray<bool> a{{false, false}, {false, false}};
+        xt::xarray<bool> b{{true, true}, {true, true}};
+        xt::view(a, 0) = xt::view(b, 0);
         EXPECT_TRUE(a(0, 0));
         EXPECT_TRUE(a(0, 1));
         EXPECT_FALSE(a(1, 0));
@@ -1576,8 +1547,8 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, first_rows_on_2dim_xarray)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> array{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
+            {1, 2},
+            {3, 4},
         };
 
         const auto first_row = xt::row(array, 0);
@@ -1592,9 +1563,9 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, last_rows_on_2dim_xarray)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> array{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
-            { 5, 6 },
+            {1, 2},
+            {3, 4},
+            {5, 6},
         };
 
         const auto last_row = xt::row(array, -1);
@@ -1609,8 +1580,8 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xiew, row_on_2dim_xtensor)
     {
         xt::xtensor<int, 2> tensor{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
+            {1, 2},
+            {3, 4},
         };
 
         const auto row0 = xt::row(tensor, 0);
@@ -1625,8 +1596,8 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xiew, row_on_2dim_xtensor_fixed)
     {
         xt::xtensor_fixed<int, xshape<2, 2>> tensor_fixed{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
+            {1, 2},
+            {3, 4},
         };
 
         const auto row0 = xt::row(tensor_fixed, 0);
@@ -1641,21 +1612,18 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, row_on_3dim_array)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> arr{
-            { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } },
-            { { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } },
+            {{1, 2}, {3, 4}},
+            {{5, 6}, {7, 8}},
         };
 
-        XT_ASSERT_THROW(
-            const auto row = xt::row(arr, 0),
-            std::invalid_argument
-        );
+        XT_ASSERT_THROW(const auto row = xt::row(arr, 0), std::invalid_argument);
     }
 
     TEST(xview, first_cols_on_2dim_xarray)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> array{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
+            {1, 2},
+            {3, 4},
         };
 
         const auto first_col = xt::col(array, 0);
@@ -1670,8 +1638,8 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, last_cols_on_2dim_xarray)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> array{
-            { 1, 2, 3 },
-            { 4, 5, 6 },
+            {1, 2, 3},
+            {4, 5, 6},
         };
 
         const auto last_col = xt::col(array, -1);
@@ -1686,8 +1654,8 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, col_on_2dim_xtensor)
     {
         xt::xtensor<int, 2> tensor{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
+            {1, 2},
+            {3, 4},
         };
 
         const auto col0 = xt::col(tensor, 0);
@@ -1702,8 +1670,8 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, col_on_2dim_xtensor_fixed)
     {
         xt::xtensor_fixed<int, xshape<2, 2>> tensor_fixed{
-            { 1, 2 },
-            { 3, 4 },
+            {1, 2},
+            {3, 4},
         };
 
         const auto col0 = xt::col(tensor_fixed, 0);
@@ -1718,13 +1686,10 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xview, col_on_3dim_array)
     {
         xt::xarray<int> arr{
-            { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } },
-            { { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } },
+            {{1, 2}, {3, 4}},
+            {{5, 6}, {7, 8}},
         };
 
-        XT_ASSERT_THROW(
-            const auto col = xt::col(arr, 0),
-            std::invalid_argument
-        );
+        XT_ASSERT_THROW(const auto col = xt::col(arr, 0), std::invalid_argument);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
index a7fc04766..839b895c6 100644
--- a/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -33,7 +34,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class F, class C>
     view_op_tester<F, C>::view_op_tester()
-        : operation_tester<F, C>(), x_slice(0), y_slice(0, 2), z_slice(1, 4)
+        : operation_tester<F, C>()
+        , x_slice(0)
+        , y_slice(0, 2)
+        , z_slice(1, 4)
     {
         vres_rr = this->a;
         vres_rc = this->a;
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = C;
     };
 
-    #define VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES  xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
+#define VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES xarray_dynamic, xtensor_dynamic
 
     TEST_SUITE("view_semantic")
     {
@@ -419,18 +423,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using container_1d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 1>;
             using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
-            container_2d a = {{1,  2,  3,  4},
-                              {5,  6,  7,  8},
-                              {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+            container_2d a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
             container_2d b = a;
             auto viewa = view(a, all(), range(1, 4));
             auto viewb = view(b, all(), range(1, 4));
             container_1d c = {1, 2, 3};
             viewa = c;
             noalias(viewb) = c;
-            container_2d res = {{1, 1, 2, 3},
-                                {5, 1, 2, 3},
-                                {9, 1, 2, 3}};
+            container_2d res = {{1, 1, 2, 3}, {5, 1, 2, 3}, {9, 1, 2, 3}};
 
             EXPECT_EQ(res, a);
             EXPECT_EQ(res, b);
@@ -439,15 +439,11 @@ namespace xt
         TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("scalar_equal", TypeParam, VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES)
         {
             using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
-            container_2d a = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
-                              {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                              {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+            container_2d a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
             auto viewa = view(a, all(), range(1, 4));
             int b = 1;
             viewa = b;
-            container_2d res = {{1, 1, 1, 1},
-                                {5, 1, 1, 1},
-                                {9, 1, 1, 1}};
+            container_2d res = {{1, 1, 1, 1}, {5, 1, 1, 1}, {9, 1, 1, 1}};
 
             EXPECT_EQ(res, a);
         }
@@ -456,14 +452,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using container_2d = redim_container_t<TypeParam, 2>;
 
-            container_2d a = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };
-            container_2d b = { {11, 12, 13} };
-            container_2d res = { { 11, 12, 13 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
+            container_2d a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
+            container_2d b = {{11, 12, 13}};
+            container_2d res = {{11, 12, 13}, {4, 5, 6}};
 
             auto viewa = view(a, 0, all());
             XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(viewa = b);
         }
     }
 
-    #undef VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES
+#undef VIEW_SEMANTIC_TEST_TYPES
 }

From 656213b9a390bf1f7169375333b6f39456eb046e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 13:48:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 389/606] Formatting

---
 test/test_xnpy.cpp     | 13 ++++---------
 test/test_xreducer.cpp |  8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 5c87cc8dd..26c622151 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -83,15 +83,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xnpy, npy_file_move)
     {
-        xarray<bool> barr = {{{ 0, 0, 1},
-                              { 1, 1, 0},
-                              { 1, 0, 1}},
-                             {{ 1, 1, 0},
-                              { 0, 1, 0},
-                              { 0, 1, 0}},
-                             {{ 0, 0, 1},
-                              { 1, 1, 1},
-                              { 0, 0, 0}}};
+        xarray<bool> barr = {
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1}},
+            {{1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}},
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}};
 
         std::ifstream bstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
         detail::npy_file npy = detail::load_npy_file(bstream);
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 2e9d05e18..8bff0fe05 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -1101,9 +1101,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, sum_reshape_view_xfunction)
     {
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> a = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
-        xt::xtensor<double, 1> b = { 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 };
-        xt::svector<double> sh = { 2, 4 };
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> a = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> b = {0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5};
+        xt::svector<double> sh = {2, 4};
 
         auto res = xt::sum(xt::reshape_view(a * b, sh), 0);
 
@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto itres = res.cbegin();
         auto itexp = exp.cbegin();
         auto itexp_end = exp.cend();
-        while(itexp != itexp_end)
+        while (itexp != itexp_end)
         {
             EXPECT_EQ(*itres, *itexp);
             ++itres;

From ad1fcec0f2b6591877a2f50884631f48aa312b85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 13:51:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 390/606] less confusing environment files for documentation

---
 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml                  | 2 +-
 docs/{environment.yaml => ghp_environment.yaml} | 0
 docs/{environment.yml => rtd_environment.yaml}  | 0
 readthedocs.yml                                 | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 rename docs/{environment.yaml => ghp_environment.yaml} (100%)
 rename docs/{environment.yml => rtd_environment.yaml} (100%)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
index 2b5f1a229..c1e4f83a9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         mamba-version: '*'
         channels: conda-forge,defaults
         channel-priority: true
-        environment-file: docs/environment.yaml
+        environment-file: docs/ghp_environment.yaml
         activate-environment: test
         auto-activate-base: false
 
diff --git a/docs/environment.yaml b/docs/ghp_environment.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/environment.yaml
rename to docs/ghp_environment.yaml
diff --git a/docs/environment.yml b/docs/rtd_environment.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/environment.yml
rename to docs/rtd_environment.yaml
diff --git a/readthedocs.yml b/readthedocs.yml
index 004a03aec..2554fc33f 100644
--- a/readthedocs.yml
+++ b/readthedocs.yml
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 conda:
-  file: docs/environment.yml
+  file: docs/rtd_environment.yaml

From 85af612c872b8b743d6262ae5729550381a18650 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 14:01:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 391/606] Migrated to micromamba in ghpages build

---
 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
index c1e4f83a9..3b4889e29 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ on:
     branches:
     - master
 
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash -l {0}
+
 jobs:
 
   publish:
@@ -20,15 +24,11 @@ jobs:
     - name: Basic GitHub action setup
       uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
-    - name: Set conda environment "test"
-      uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
+    - name: Set mamba environment "test"
+      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
       with:
-        mamba-version: '*'
-        channels: conda-forge,defaults
-        channel-priority: true
         environment-file: docs/ghp_environment.yaml
-        activate-environment: test
-        auto-activate-base: false
+        environment-name: xtensor-doc
 
     - name: Run doxygen
       working-directory: docs

From 2f61eaaa8189a94e6aea312d573a4a10eb76dcd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 14:23:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 392/606] Enforce `{ ... }`

---
 .clang-format                       |  1 +
 benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp     |  4 ++++
 benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp | 12 ++++++++++
 benchmark/main.cpp                  |  2 ++
 include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp  |  2 ++
 include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp            |  2 ++
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp            | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xslice.hpp          |  2 ++
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp        |  8 +++++++
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp        |  2 ++
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp        |  4 ++++
 test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp  |  4 ++++
 12 files changed, 79 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
index f91742cec..0cbd93403 100644
--- a/.clang-format
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -84,3 +84,4 @@ SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
 Standard: c++14
 TabWidth: '4'
 UseTab: Never
+InsertBraces: true
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
index d40e14a77..1b49d0d59 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
@@ -154,8 +154,12 @@ namespace xt
             xt::xtensor<double, 2> res(xt::static_shape<size_t, 2>({200, 200}));
             auto xo = xt::ones<double>({200, 200}) * 0.15;
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < xo.shape()[0]; ++i)
+            {
                 for (std::size_t j = 0; j < xo.shape()[1]; ++j)
+                {
                     res(i, j) = xo(i, j);
+                }
+            }
             benchmark::DoNotOptimize(res.storage().data());
         }
     }
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
index a4c57ebeb..aacdb603f 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
@@ -237,18 +237,30 @@ namespace xt
         {
             dofval.fill(0.0);
             for (size_t e = 0; e < M_NELEM; ++e)
+            {
                 for (size_t m = 0; m < M_NNE; ++m)
+                {
                     for (size_t i = 0; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
+                    {
                         dofval(m_dofs(m_conn(e, m), i)) += elemvec(e, m, i);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         auto calc_dofval_simple(simple_array<double, 3>& elemvec, simple_array<double, 1>& dofval)
         {
             dofval.fill(0.0);
             for (size_t e = 0; e < M_NELEM; ++e)
+            {
                 for (size_t m = 0; m < M_NNE; ++m)
+                {
                     for (size_t i = 0; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
+                    {
                         dofval(m_dofs(m_conn(e, m), i)) += elemvec(e, m, i);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         auto calc_unchecked_dofval(xt::xtensor<double, 3, L>& elemvec, xt::xtensor<double, 1, L>& dofval)
diff --git a/benchmark/main.cpp b/benchmark/main.cpp
index 257676918..6444c0efb 100644
--- a/benchmark/main.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/main.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     print_stats();
     benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
     if (benchmark::ReportUnrecognizedArguments(argc, argv))
+    {
         return 1;
+    }
     benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
 }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
index 1ea1624a1..3f4f619ea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -612,7 +612,9 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 std::size_t cn = s / cs;
                 if (s % cs > 0)
+                {
                     cn += std::size_t(1);  // edge_chunk
+                }
                 return cn;
             }
         );
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
index b58a50781..58eb434f0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ namespace xt
         {
             size_t first = cell.find_first_not_of(' ');
             if (first == std::string::npos)
+            {
                 return cell;
+            }
 
             size_t last = cell.find_last_not_of(' ');
             return cell.substr(first, last == std::string::npos ? cell.size() : last + 1);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index 0f54f7051..79ba0977c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -82,45 +82,81 @@ namespace xt
         inline char map_type()
         {
             if (std::is_same<T, float>::value)
+            {
                 return 'f';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, double>::value)
+            {
                 return 'f';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, long double>::value)
+            {
                 return 'f';
+            }
 
             if (std::is_same<T, char>::value)
+            {
                 return 'i';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, signed char>::value)
+            {
                 return 'i';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, short>::value)
+            {
                 return 'i';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, int>::value)
+            {
                 return 'i';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, long>::value)
+            {
                 return 'i';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, long long>::value)
+            {
                 return 'i';
+            }
 
             if (std::is_same<T, unsigned char>::value)
+            {
                 return 'u';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, unsigned short>::value)
+            {
                 return 'u';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, unsigned int>::value)
+            {
                 return 'u';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, unsigned long>::value)
+            {
                 return 'u';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, unsigned long long>::value)
+            {
                 return 'u';
+            }
 
             if (std::is_same<T, bool>::value)
+            {
                 return 'b';
+            }
 
             if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<float>>::value)
+            {
                 return 'c';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<double>>::value)
+            {
                 return 'c';
+            }
             if (std::is_same<T, std::complex<long double>>::value)
+            {
                 return 'c';
+            }
 
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Type not known.");
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
index b5743f671..1f00f80e7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
@@ -1640,7 +1640,9 @@ namespace xt
             auto iter = --m_inc.lower_bound(i);
             auto check = iter->first + iter->second;
             if (check > i)
+            {
                 --iter;
+            }
             return i - iter->second;
         }
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index 43c0a0f76..20be2920d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -443,7 +443,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto uvector<T, A>::at(size_type i) -> reference
     {
         if (i >= size())
+        {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in uvector access");
+        }
         return this->operator[](i);
     }
 
@@ -451,7 +453,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto uvector<T, A>::at(size_type i) const -> const_reference
     {
         if (i >= size())
+        {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in uvector access");
+        }
         return this->operator[](i);
     }
 
@@ -945,7 +949,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto svector<T, N, A, Init>::at(size_type idx) -> reference
     {
         if (idx >= size())
+        {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in svector access");
+        }
         return this->operator[](idx);
     }
 
@@ -953,7 +959,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto svector<T, N, A, Init>::at(size_type idx) const -> const_reference
     {
         if (idx >= size())
+        {
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::out_of_range, "Out of range in svector access");
+        }
         return this->operator[](idx);
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 27c3ada1e..cbb33330f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -776,7 +776,9 @@ namespace xt
             // This check is necessary as column major "broadcasting" is still
             // performed in a row major fashion
             if (s1.size() != s2.size())
+            {
                 return 0;
+            }
 
             auto size = s2.size();
 
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index fafedacde..37ba932c6 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -37,9 +37,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         val = 3.;
         for (auto& it : a)
+        {
             it = val;
+        }
         for (auto it : a)
+        {
             ASSERT_EQ(it, val);
+        }
     }
 
     TEST(xchunked_array, assign_expression)
diff --git a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
index ca267e606..aeac25cc1 100644
--- a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
@@ -24,12 +24,16 @@ namespace xt
 
             shape_type should(3);
             for (should[0] = roi_begin[0]; should[0] < roi_end[0]; ++should[0])
+            {
                 for (should[1] = roi_begin[1]; should[1] < roi_end[1]; ++should[1])
+                {
                     for (should[2] = roi_begin[2]; should[2] < roi_end[2]; ++should[2])
                     {
                         EXPECT_EQ(*iter, should);
                         ++iter;
                     }
+                }
+            }
             EXPECT_TRUE(iter == end);
         }
     }

From 9dea3905952c6ee604d96101a23ad4d2d6d902e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 14:32:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 393/606] extension consistency

---
 docs/{ghp_environment.yaml => ghp_environment.yml} | 0
 docs/{rtd_environment.yaml => rtd_environment.yml} | 0
 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename docs/{ghp_environment.yaml => ghp_environment.yml} (100%)
 rename docs/{rtd_environment.yaml => rtd_environment.yml} (100%)

diff --git a/docs/ghp_environment.yaml b/docs/ghp_environment.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/ghp_environment.yaml
rename to docs/ghp_environment.yml
diff --git a/docs/rtd_environment.yaml b/docs/rtd_environment.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/rtd_environment.yaml
rename to docs/rtd_environment.yml

From a5cd738b29531d9637f813899bfb2a9046474124 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 14:34:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 394/606] file name consistency

---
 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml | 2 +-
 readthedocs.yml                | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
index 3b4889e29..0dc90f4f3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Set mamba environment "test"
       uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
       with:
-        environment-file: docs/ghp_environment.yaml
+        environment-file: docs/ghp_environment.yml
         environment-name: xtensor-doc
 
     - name: Run doxygen
diff --git a/readthedocs.yml b/readthedocs.yml
index 2554fc33f..03c0ad19a 100644
--- a/readthedocs.yml
+++ b/readthedocs.yml
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 conda:
-  file: docs/rtd_environment.yaml
+  file: docs/rtd_environment.yml

From e717a5ff2be392df2f609c6df7a2a436cf0367c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2023 11:19:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 395/606] Refactor xmanipulation doc

---
 docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst |  46 +------------
 docs/source/numpy.rst             |  58 ++++++++--------
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++----------
 3 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
index 18f03f615..784dbe742 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
@@ -9,48 +9,8 @@ xmanipulation
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_Nd
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_1d
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xmanipulation
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_2d
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::atleast_3d
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::expand_dims
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::flatten
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::flatnonzero
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::flip
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::ravel
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::repeat(E&&, std::size_t, std::size_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::repeat(E&&, const std::vector<std::size_t>&, std::size_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::repeat(E&&, std::vector<std::size_t>&&, std::size_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::roll(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::roll(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t, std::ptrdiff_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::rot90
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::split
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::hsplit
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::vsplit
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::squeeze(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::squeeze(E&&, S&&, Tag)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::transpose(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::transpose(E&&, S&&, Tag)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::trim_zeros
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index eaf5f8f51..0fb9d0419 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -255,36 +255,38 @@ Rearrange elements
 In the same spirit as concatenation, the following operations do not allocate any memory and do
 not modify the underlying xexpression.
 
-.. table::
+.. list-table::
    :widths: 50 50
+   :header-rows: 1
 
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - NumPy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                                       |
-   +=====================================================+=======================================================================+
-   | :any:`np.diag(a) <numpy.diag>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::diag(a) <xt::diag>`                                    |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.diagonal(a) <numpy.diagonal>`              | :cpp:func:`xt::diagonal(a) <xt::diagonal>`                            |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.triu(a) <numpy.triu>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::triu(a) <xt::triu>`                                    |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.tril(a, k=1) <numpy.tril>`                 | :cpp:func:`xt::tril(a, 1) <xt::tril>`                                 |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.flip(a, axis=3) <numpy.flip>`              | :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 3) <xt::flip>`                                 |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.flipud(a) <numpy.flipud>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 0) <xt::flip>`                                 |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.fliplr(a) <numpy.fliplr>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 1) <xt::flip>`                                 |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.transpose(a, (1, 0, 2)) <numpy.transpose>` | :cpp:func:`xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2}) <xt::transpose>`               |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.ravel(a, order='F') <numpy.ravel>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::ravel\<xt::layout_type::column_major\>(a) <xt::ravel>` |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.rot90(a) <numpy.rot90>`                    | :cpp:func:`xt::rot90(a) <xt::rot90>`                                  |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.rot90(a, 2, (1, 2)) <numpy.rot90>`         | :cpp:func:`xt::rot90\<2\>(a, {1, 2}) <xt::rot90>`                     |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.roll(a, 2, axis=1) <numpy.roll>`           | :cpp:func:`xt::roll(a, 2, 1) <xt::roll>`                              |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+   * - Python3 - NumPy
+     - C++14 - xtensor
+   * - :any:`np.nan_to_num(a) <numpy.nan_to_num>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::nan_to_num(a) <xt::nan_to_num>`
+   * - :any:`np.diag(a) <numpy.diag>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::diag(a) <xt::diag>`
+   * - :any:`np.diagonal(a) <numpy.diagonal>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::diagonal(a) <xt::diagonal>`
+   * - :any:`np.triu(a) <numpy.triu>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::triu(a) <xt::triu>`
+   * - :any:`np.tril(a, k=1) <numpy.tril>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::tril(a, 1) <xt::tril>`
+   * - :any:`np.flip(a, axis=3) <numpy.flip>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 3) <xt::flip>`
+   * - :any:`np.flipud(a) <numpy.flipud>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 0) <xt::flip>`
+   * - :any:`np.fliplr(a) <numpy.fliplr>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 1) <xt::flip>`
+   * - :any:`np.transpose(a, (1, 0, 2)) <numpy.transpose>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2}) <xt::transpose>`
+   * - :any:`np.ravel(a, order='F') <numpy.ravel>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::ravel\<xt::layout_type::column_major\>(a) <xt::ravel>`
+   * - :any:`np.rot90(a) <numpy.rot90>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::rot90(a) <xt::rot90>`
+   * - :any:`np.rot90(a, 2, (1, 2)) <numpy.rot90>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::rot90\<2\>(a, {1, 2}) <xt::rot90>`
+   * - :any:`np.roll(a, 2, axis=1) <numpy.roll>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::roll(a, 2, 1) <xt::roll>`
 
 Iteration
 ---------
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 818ea421f..a26d93457 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xmanipulation
+     */
+
     namespace check_policy
     {
         struct none
@@ -215,6 +219,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Returns a transpose view by reversing the dimensions of xexpression e
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input expression
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -242,6 +248,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Returns a transpose view by permuting the xexpression e with @p permutation.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input expression
      * @param permutation the sequence containing permutation
      * @param check_policy the check level (check_policy::full() or check_policy::none())
@@ -292,10 +300,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a flatten view of the given expression. No copy is made.
+     * Return a flatten view of the given expression. No copy is made.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input expression
-     * @tparam L the layout used to read the elements of e. If no parameter
-     * is specified, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL is used.
+     * @tparam L the layout used to read the elements of e.
+     *     If no parameter is specified, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL is used.
      * @tparam E the type of the expression
      */
     template <layout_type L, class E>
@@ -311,12 +321,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a flatten view of the given expression. No copy is made. This
-     * method is equivalent to ravel and is provided for API sameness with
-     * Numpy.
+     * Return a flatten view of the given expression.
+     *
+     * No copy is made.
+     * This method is equivalent to ravel and is provided for API sameness with Numpy.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input expression
-     * @tparam L the layout used to read the elements of e. If no parameter
-     * is specified, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL is used.
+     * @tparam L the layout used to read the elements of e.
+     *     If no parameter is specified, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL is used.
      * @tparam E the type of the expression
      * @sa ravel
      */
@@ -327,8 +340,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief return indices that are non-zero in the flattened version of arr,
-     * equivalent to nonzero(ravel<layout_type>(arr))[0];
+     * Return indices that are non-zero in the flattened version of arr.
+     *
+     * Equivalent to ``nonzero(ravel<layout_type>(arr))[0];``
      *
      * @param arr input array
      * @return indices that are non-zero in the flattened version of arr
@@ -346,6 +360,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Trim zeros at beginning, end or both of 1D sequence.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param direction string of either 'f' for trim from beginning, 'b' for trim from end
      *                  or 'fb' (default) for both.
@@ -381,9 +396,11 @@ namespace xt
      **************************/
 
     /**
-     * Returns a squeeze view of the given expression. No copy is made.
-     * Squeezing an expression removes dimensions of extent 1.
+     * Returns a squeeze view of the given expression.
+     *
+     * No copy is made. Squeezing an expression removes dimensions of extent 1.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input expression
      * @tparam E the type of the expression
      */
@@ -457,8 +474,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Remove single-dimensional entries from the shape of an xexpression
+     * Remove single-dimensional entries from the shape of an xexpression
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param axis integer or container of integers, select a subset of single-dimensional
      *        entries of the shape.
@@ -496,11 +514,12 @@ namespace xt
      ******************************/
 
     /**
-     * @brief Expand the shape of an xexpression.
+     * Expand the shape of an xexpression.
      *
      * Insert a new axis that will appear at the axis position in the expanded array shape.
      * This will return a ``strided_view`` with a ``xt::newaxis()`` at the indicated axis.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param axis axis to expand
      * @return returns a ``strided_view`` with expanded dimension
@@ -525,6 +544,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Note: dimensions are added equally at the beginning and the end.
      * For example, a 1-D array of shape (N,) becomes a view of shape (1, N, 1).
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @tparam N the number of requested dimensions
      * @return ``strided_view`` with expanded dimensions
@@ -552,6 +572,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Expand to at least 1D
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @sa atleast_Nd
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -562,6 +584,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Expand to at least 2D
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @sa atleast_Nd
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -572,6 +596,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Expand to at least 3D
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @sa atleast_Nd
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -585,13 +611,14 @@ namespace xt
      ************************/
 
     /**
-     * @brief Split xexpression along axis into subexpressions
+     * Split xexpression along axis into subexpressions
      *
      * This splits an xexpression along the axis in `n` equal parts and
      * returns a vector of ``strided_view``.
      * Calling split with axis > dimension of e or a `n` that does not result in
      * an equal division of the xexpression will throw a runtime_error.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param n number of elements to return
      * @param axis axis along which to split the expression
@@ -624,10 +651,11 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Split an xexpression into subexpressions horizontally (column-wise)
+     * Split an xexpression into subexpressions horizontally (column-wise)
      *
      * This method is equivalent to ``split(e, n, 1)``.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param n number of elements to return
      */
@@ -638,10 +666,11 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Split an xexpression into subexpressions vertically (row-wise)
+     * Split an xexpression into subexpressions vertically (row-wise)
      *
      * This method is equivalent to ``split(e, n, 0)``.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param n number of elements to return
      */
@@ -656,10 +685,10 @@ namespace xt
      ***********************/
 
     /**
-     * @brief Reverse the order of elements in an xexpression along every axis.
+     * Reverse the order of elements in an xexpression along every axis.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
-     *
      * @return returns a view with the result of the flip.
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -675,13 +704,14 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Reverse the order of elements in an xexpression along the given axis.
+     * Reverse the order of elements in an xexpression along the given axis.
+     *
      * Note: A NumPy/Matlab style `flipud(arr)` is equivalent to `xt::flip(arr, 0)`,
      * `fliplr(arr)` to `xt::flip(arr, 1)`.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
      * @param axis the axis along which elements should be reversed
-     *
      * @return returns a view with the result of the flip
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -767,13 +797,14 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     /**
-     * @brief Rotate an array by 90 degrees in the plane specified by axes.
+     * Rotate an array by 90 degrees in the plane specified by axes.
+     *
      * Rotation direction is from the first towards the second axis.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
      * @param axes the array is rotated in the plane defined by the axes. Axes must be different.
      * @tparam N number of times the array is rotated by 90 degrees. Default is 1.
-     *
      * @return returns a view with the result of the rotation
      */
     template <std::ptrdiff_t N, class E>
@@ -797,15 +828,16 @@ namespace xt
      ***********************/
 
     /**
-     * @brief Roll an expression.
+     * Roll an expression.
+     *
      * The expression is flatten before shifting, after which the original
      * shape is restore. Elements that roll beyond the last position are
      * re-introduced at the first. This function does not change the input
      * expression.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
      * @param shift the number of places by which elements are shifted
-     *
      * @return a roll of the input expression
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -894,14 +926,15 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Roll an expression along a given axis.
+     * Roll an expression along a given axis.
+     *
      * Elements that roll beyond the last position are re-introduced at the first.
      * This function does not change the input expression.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
      * @param shift the number of places by which elements are shifted
      * @param axis the axis along which elements are shifted.
-     *
      * @return a roll of the input expression
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -933,6 +966,7 @@ namespace xt
     /****************************
      * repeat implementation    *
      ****************************/
+
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class E, class R>
@@ -948,13 +982,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Repeats elements of an expression along a given axis.
+     * Repeat elements of an expression along a given axis.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
-     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements. \ref repeats is broadcasted to
-     * fit the shape of the given \ref axis.
+     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements.
+     *     @p repeats is broadcasted to fit the shape of the given @p axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
-     *
      * @return an expression which as the same shape as \ref e, except along the given \ref axis
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -967,11 +1001,12 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Repeats elements of an expression along a given axis.
+     * Repeat elements of an expression along a given axis.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
-     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements. The size of \ref repeats
-     * must match the shape of the given \ref axis.
+     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements.
+     *     The size of @p repeats must match the shape of the given @p axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
      *
      * @return an expression which as the same shape as \ref e, except along the given \ref axis
@@ -983,13 +1018,13 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Repeats elements of an expression along a given axis.
+     * Repeat elements of an expression along a given axis.
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input xexpression
-     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements. The size of \ref repeats
-     * must match the shape of the given \ref axis.
+     * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements.
+     *     The size of @p repeats must match the shape of the given @p axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
-     *
      * @return an expression which as the same shape as \ref e, except along the given \ref axis
      */
     template <class E>

From f623dfb32ff83849f44b5ff65078c6a570f9d83d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2023 11:32:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 396/606] Add missing impl namespace

---
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp | 88 ++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index a26d93457..906436235 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -741,60 +741,62 @@ namespace xt
      * rot90 implementation *
      ************************/
 
-    template <std::ptrdiff_t N>
-    struct rot90_impl;
+    namespace detail {
+        template <std::ptrdiff_t N>
+        struct rot90_impl;
 
-    template <>
-    struct rot90_impl<0>
-    {
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& /*axes*/)
+        template <>
+        struct rot90_impl<0>
         {
-            return std::forward<E>(e);
-        }
-    };
+            template <class E>
+            inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& /*axes*/)
+            {
+                return std::forward<E>(e);
+            }
+        };
 
-    template <>
-    struct rot90_impl<1>
-    {
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& axes)
+        template <>
+        struct rot90_impl<1>
         {
-            using std::swap;
+            template <class E>
+            inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& axes)
+            {
+                using std::swap;
 
-            dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t> axes_list(e.shape().size());
-            std::iota(axes_list.begin(), axes_list.end(), 0);
-            swap(axes_list[axes[0]], axes_list[axes[1]]);
+                dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t> axes_list(e.shape().size());
+                std::iota(axes_list.begin(), axes_list.end(), 0);
+                swap(axes_list[axes[0]], axes_list[axes[1]]);
 
-            return transpose(flip(std::forward<E>(e), axes[1]), std::move(axes_list));
-        }
-    };
+                return transpose(flip(std::forward<E>(e), axes[1]), std::move(axes_list));
+            }
+        };
 
-    template <>
-    struct rot90_impl<2>
-    {
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& axes)
+        template <>
+        struct rot90_impl<2>
         {
-            return flip(flip(std::forward<E>(e), axes[0]), axes[1]);
-        }
-    };
+            template <class E>
+            inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& axes)
+            {
+                return flip(flip(std::forward<E>(e), axes[0]), axes[1]);
+            }
+        };
 
-    template <>
-    struct rot90_impl<3>
-    {
-        template <class E>
-        inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& axes)
+        template <>
+        struct rot90_impl<3>
         {
-            using std::swap;
+            template <class E>
+            inline auto operator()(E&& e, const std::array<std::size_t, 2>& axes)
+            {
+                using std::swap;
 
-            dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t> axes_list(e.shape().size());
-            std::iota(axes_list.begin(), axes_list.end(), 0);
-            swap(axes_list[axes[0]], axes_list[axes[1]]);
+                dynamic_shape<std::ptrdiff_t> axes_list(e.shape().size());
+                std::iota(axes_list.begin(), axes_list.end(), 0);
+                swap(axes_list[axes[0]], axes_list[axes[1]]);
 
-            return flip(transpose(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(axes_list)), axes[1]);
-        }
-    };
+                return flip(transpose(std::forward<E>(e), std::move(axes_list)), axes[1]);
+            }
+        };
+    }
 
     /**
      * Rotate an array by 90 degrees in the plane specified by axes.
@@ -820,7 +822,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto norm_axes = forward_normalize<std::array<std::size_t, 2>>(e, axes);
         constexpr std::ptrdiff_t n = (4 + (N % 4)) % 4;
 
-        return rot90_impl<n>()(std::forward<E>(e), norm_axes);
+        return detail::rot90_impl<n>()(std::forward<E>(e), norm_axes);
     }
 
     /***********************

From d3e65a9daee4e5c42fd321792f44f914e741c46f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2023 13:58:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 397/606] Add check_axis_in_dim

---
 include/xtensor/xexception.hpp    | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
index 996b25727..30e1287af 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 
+#include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xspan_impl.hpp>
 
@@ -278,6 +280,24 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    /*******************************
+     *  check_axis implementation  *
+     *******************************/
+
+    template <class A, class D>
+    inline void check_axis_in_dim(A axis, D dim, const char* subject = "Axis")
+    {
+        auto const sdim = static_cast<std::make_signed_t<D>>(dim);
+        if (xtl::cmp_greater_equal(axis, dim) || xtl::cmp_less(axis, -sdim))
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(
+                std::out_of_range,
+                std::string(subject) + " (" + std::to_string(axis)
+                    + ") is not within the number of dimensions (" + std::to_string(dim) + ')'
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     /****************
      * check_access *
      ****************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 906436235..8803bd208 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -741,7 +741,8 @@ namespace xt
      * rot90 implementation *
      ************************/
 
-    namespace detail {
+    namespace detail
+    {
         template <std::ptrdiff_t N>
         struct rot90_impl;
 

From 37d17186bc1a6adf8e87bda18e176010f156e1e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2023 11:29:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 398/606] Add xt:swapaxes

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst             |  2 ++
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp       | 17 +++++++++++
 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 0fb9d0419..7d6b58400 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -279,6 +279,8 @@ not modify the underlying xexpression.
      - :cpp:func:`xt::flip(a, 1) <xt::flip>`
    * - :any:`np.transpose(a, (1, 0, 2)) <numpy.transpose>`
      - :cpp:func:`xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2}) <xt::transpose>`
+   * - :any:`np.swapaxes(a, 0, -1) <numpy.swapaxes>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::swapaxes(a, 0, -1) <xt::swapaxes>`
    * - :any:`np.ravel(a, order='F') <numpy.ravel>`
      - :cpp:func:`xt::ravel\<xt::layout_type::column_major\>(a) <xt::ravel>`
    * - :any:`np.rot90(a) <numpy.rot90>`
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 8803bd208..776b0570a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_MANIPULATION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_MANIPULATION_HPP
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+
 #include "xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xexception.hpp"
 #include "xrepeat.hpp"
 #include "xstrided_view.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
@@ -39,6 +45,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class S, class Tag = check_policy::none>
     auto transpose(E&& e, S&& permutation, Tag check_policy = Tag());
 
+    template <class E>
+    auto swapaxes(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis1, std::ptrdiff_t axis2);
+
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E>
     auto ravel(E&& e);
 
@@ -270,6 +279,47 @@ namespace xt
 
     /// @endcond
 
+    /*****************************
+     *  swapaxes implementation  *
+     *****************************/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class S>
+        inline S swapaxes_perm(std::size_t dim, std::ptrdiff_t axis1, std::ptrdiff_t axis2)
+        {
+            std::size_t const ax1 = normalize_axis(dim, axis1);
+            std::size_t const ax2 = normalize_axis(dim, axis2);
+            auto perm = xtl::make_sequence<S>(dim, 0);
+            using id_t = typename S::value_type;
+            std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), id_t(0));
+            perm[ax1] = ax2;
+            perm[ax2] = ax1;
+            return perm;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a new expression with two axes interchanged.
+     *
+     * The two axis parameter @p axis and @p axis2 are interchangable.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
+     * @param e The input expression
+     * @param axis1 First axis to swap
+     * @param axis2 Second axis to swap
+     */
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto swapaxes(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis1, std::ptrdiff_t axis2)
+    {
+        auto const dim = e.dimension();
+        check_axis_in_dim(axis1, dim, "Parameter axis1");
+        check_axis_in_dim(axis2, dim, "Parameter axis2");
+
+        using strides_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
+        return transpose(std::forward<E>(e), detail::swapaxes_perm<strides_t>(dim, axis1, axis2));
+    }
+
     /************************************
      * ravel and flatten implementation *
      ************************************/
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index 6cd6eab91..fed40c8f7 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -80,6 +80,23 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(fun2(1, 2), tr2(2, 1));
     }
 
+    TEST(xmanipulation, swapaxes)
+    {
+        auto const a = xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+        using shape_type = decltype(a)::shape_type;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, 0, 1).shape(), (shape_type{2, 1, 3, 4, 5}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, 1, 3).shape(), (shape_type{1, 4, 3, 2, 5}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, 1, -1).shape(), (shape_type{1, 5, 3, 4, 2}));
+        // Symetry
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, 0, 1).shape(), swapaxes(a, 1, 0).shape());
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, 1, 4).shape(), swapaxes(a, 4, 1).shape());
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, -1, 0).shape(), swapaxes(a, 0, -1).shape());
+        // No Op
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, 0, 0).shape(), a.shape());
+        EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, -1, -1).shape(), a.shape());
+    }
+
     TEST(xmanipulation, ravel)
     {
         xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};

From f39a1dcbd1318ff29af6c859d6482fa7206566c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2023 12:00:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 399/606] Add moveaxis

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst             |  2 ++
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp       | 16 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 73 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 7d6b58400..ac2b0bebb 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -281,6 +281,8 @@ not modify the underlying xexpression.
      - :cpp:func:`xt::transpose(a, {1, 0, 2}) <xt::transpose>`
    * - :any:`np.swapaxes(a, 0, -1) <numpy.swapaxes>`
      - :cpp:func:`xt::swapaxes(a, 0, -1) <xt::swapaxes>`
+   * - :any:`np.moveaxis(a, 0, -1) <numpy.moveaxis>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::moveaxis(a, 0, -1) <xt::moveaxis>`
    * - :any:`np.ravel(a, order='F') <numpy.ravel>`
      - :cpp:func:`xt::ravel\<xt::layout_type::column_major\>(a) <xt::ravel>`
    * - :any:`np.rot90(a) <numpy.rot90>`
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 776b0570a..0d4628166 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xbuilder.hpp"
@@ -320,6 +321,60 @@ namespace xt
         return transpose(std::forward<E>(e), detail::swapaxes_perm<strides_t>(dim, axis1, axis2));
     }
 
+    /*****************************
+     *  moveaxis implementation  *
+     *****************************/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class S>
+        inline S moveaxis_perm(std::size_t dim, std::ptrdiff_t src, std::ptrdiff_t dest)
+        {
+            using id_t = typename S::value_type;
+
+            std::size_t const src_norm = normalize_axis(dim, src);
+            std::size_t const dest_norm = normalize_axis(dim, dest);
+
+            // Initializing to src_norm handles case where `dest == -1` and the loop
+            // does not go check `perm_idx == dest_norm` a `dim+1`th time.
+            auto perm = xtl::make_sequence<S>(dim, src_norm);
+            id_t perm_idx = 0;
+            for (id_t i = 0; xtl::cmp_less(i, dim); ++i)
+            {
+                if (xtl::cmp_equal(perm_idx, dest_norm))
+                {
+                    perm[perm_idx] = src_norm;
+                    ++perm_idx;
+                }
+                if (xtl::cmp_not_equal(i, src_norm))
+                {
+                    perm[perm_idx] = i;
+                    ++perm_idx;
+                }
+            }
+            return perm;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a new expression with an axis move to a new position.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
+     * @param e The input expression
+     * @param src Original position of the axis to move
+     * @param dest Destination position for the original axis.
+     */
+    template <class E>
+    inline auto moveaxis(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t src, std::ptrdiff_t dest)
+    {
+        auto const dim = e.dimension();
+        check_axis_in_dim(src, dim, "Parameter src");
+        check_axis_in_dim(dest, dim, "Parameter dest");
+
+        using strides_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
+        return xt::transpose(std::forward<E>(e), detail::moveaxis_perm<strides_t>(e.dimension(), src, dest));
+    }
+
     /************************************
      * ravel and flatten implementation *
      ************************************/
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index fed40c8f7..fba13870e 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -97,6 +97,22 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, -1, -1).shape(), a.shape());
     }
 
+    TEST(xmanipulation, moveaxis)
+    {
+        auto const a = xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+        using shape_type = decltype(a)::shape_type;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, 0, 1).shape(), (shape_type{2, 1, 3, 4, 5}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, 1, 0).shape(), (shape_type{2, 1, 3, 4, 5}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, 1, 3).shape(), (shape_type{1, 3, 4, 2, 5}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, 3, 1).shape(), (shape_type{1, 4, 2, 3, 5}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, 1, -1).shape(), (shape_type{1, 3, 4, 5, 2}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, -1, 1).shape(), (shape_type{1, 5, 2, 3, 4}));
+        // No Op
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, 0, 0).shape(), a.shape());
+        EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, -1, -1).shape(), a.shape());
+    }
+
     TEST(xmanipulation, ravel)
     {
         xarray<int, layout_type::row_major> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};

From 748e14340dbf30bb38ab12a792de64265615e71f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 14:06:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 400/606] Manual formatting fixes

---
 benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp | 10 +++++++--
 include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp    | 32 ++++++++++++-----------------
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp           | 24 +++++++++++++++-------
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp          |  6 +++---
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp       |  5 +++--
 5 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
index a4c57ebeb..9b6484f89 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
@@ -255,10 +255,16 @@ namespace xt
         {
             dofval.fill(0.0);
             for (size_t e = 0; e < M_NELEM; ++e)
+            {
                 for (size_t m = 0; m < M_NNE; ++m)
+                {
                     for (size_t i = 0; i < M_NDIM; ++i)
-                        dofval.unchecked(m_dofs.unchecked(m_conn.unchecked(e, m), i)
-                        ) += elemvec.unchecked(e, m, i);
+                    {
+                        auto d = m_dofs.unchecked(m_conn.unchecked(e, m), i);
+                        dofval.unchecked(d) += elemvec.unchecked(e, m, i);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         X m_dofs, m_conn;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
index 8def072e8..f884caa19 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>(
             )(std::declval<init_type>(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
             if (axis >= e.dimension())
@@ -230,13 +231,12 @@ namespace xt
                 XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Axis larger than expression dimension in accumulator.");
             }
 
-            result_type result = e;  // assign + make a copy, we need it anyways
+            result_type res = e;  // assign + make a copy, we need it anyways
 
-            if (result.shape(axis) != std::size_t(0))
+            if (res.shape(axis) != std::size_t(0))
             {
-                std::size_t inner_stride = static_cast<std::size_t>(result.strides()[axis]);
-                std::size_t outer_stride = 1;  // this is either going row- or column-wise (strides.back /
-                                               // strides.front)
+                std::size_t inner_stride = static_cast<std::size_t>(res.strides()[axis]);
+                std::size_t outer_stride = 1;  // either row- or column-wise (strides.back / strides.front)
                 std::size_t outer_loop_size = 0;
                 std::size_t inner_loop_size = 0;
                 std::size_t init_size = e.shape()[axis] != std::size_t(1) ? std::size_t(1) : std::size_t(0);
@@ -256,19 +256,11 @@ namespace xt
 
                 if (result_type::static_layout == layout_type::row_major)
                 {
-                    set_loop_sizes(
-                        result.shape().cbegin(),
-                        result.shape().cend(),
-                        static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis)
-                    );
+                    set_loop_sizes(res.shape().cbegin(), res.shape().cend(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    set_loop_sizes(
-                        result.shape().cbegin(),
-                        result.shape().cend(),
-                        static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis + 1)
-                    );
+                    set_loop_sizes(res.shape().cbegin(), res.shape().cend(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis + 1));
                     std::swap(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size);
                 }
 
@@ -281,7 +273,7 @@ namespace xt
                         std::decay_t<typename F::init_functor_type>,
                         typename detail::accumulator_identity<init_type>>::value)
                 {
-                    accumulator_init_with_f(xt::get<1>(f), result, axis);
+                    accumulator_init_with_f(xt::get<1>(f), res, axis);
                 }
 
                 pos = 0;
@@ -289,14 +281,15 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     for (std::size_t j = 0; j < inner_loop_size; ++j)
                     {
-                        result.storage()[pos + inner_stride] = xt::get<0>(f
-                        )(result.storage()[pos], result.storage()[pos + inner_stride]);
+                        res.storage()[pos + inner_stride] = xt::get<0>(f
+                        )(res.storage()[pos], res.storage()[pos + inner_stride]);
+
                         pos += outer_stride;
                     }
                     pos += inner_stride;
                 }
             }
-            return result;
+            return res;
         }
 
         template <class F, class E>
@@ -309,6 +302,7 @@ namespace xt
             )(std::declval<init_type>(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
             // using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename
             // std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
+
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
             std::size_t sz = e.size();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 66764a365..05e5f07d4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Force evaluation of xexpression.
      *
      * \code{.cpp}
-     * xt::xarray<double> a = {1,2,3,4};
+     * xt::xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
      * auto&& b = xt::eval(a); // b is a reference to a, no copy!
      * auto&& c = xt::eval(a + b); // c is xarray<double>, not an xexpression
      * \endcode
@@ -121,12 +121,22 @@ namespace xt
      * and convert to the required layout.
      *
      * \code{.cpp}
-     * xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {1,2,3,4};
-     * auto&& b = xt::as_strided(a); // b is a reference to a, no copy!
-     * auto&& c = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a); // b is xarray<double> with the required
-     * layout auto&& a_cast = xt::cast<int>(a); // a_cast is an xexpression auto&& d = xt::as_strided(a_cast);
-     * // d is xarray<int>, not an xexpression auto&& e =
-     * xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a_cast); // d is xarray<int> with the required layout
+     * xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+     *
+     * // take reference to a (no copy!)
+     * auto&& b = xt::as_strided(a);
+     *
+     * // xarray<double> with the required layout
+     * auto&& c = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a);
+     *
+     * // xexpression
+     * auto&& a_cast = xt::cast<int>(a);
+     *
+     * // xarray<int>, not an xexpression
+     * auto&& d = xt::as_strided(a_cast);
+     *
+     * // xarray<int> with the required layout
+     * auto&& e = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a_cast);
      * \endcode
      *
      * @warning This function should be used in a local context only.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 7e5f164a8..36859bd4b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -633,9 +633,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Allocates an xfixed_container with shape S with values from a C array.
-     * The type returned by get_init_type_t is raw C array ``value_type[X][Y][Z]`` for ``xt::xshape<X, Y,
-     * Z>``. C arrays can be initialized with the initializer list syntax, but the size is checked at compile
-     * time to prevent errors.
+     * The type returned by get_init_type_t is raw C array ``value_type[X][Y][Z]`` for
+     * ``xt::xshape<X, Y, Z>``. C arrays can be initialized with the initializer list syntax,
+     * but the size is checked at compile time to prevent errors.
      * Note: for clang < 3.8 this is an initializer_list and the size is not checked at compile-or runtime.
      */
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 1171a20e8..0d7a8a223 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -203,8 +203,9 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = common_difference_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>...>;
 
         using simd_value_type = xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>;
-        using bool_load_type = detail::xfunction_bool_load_type_t<CT...>;  // xtl::promote_type_t<typename
-                                                                           // std::decay_t<CT>::bool_load_type...>;
+
+        // xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::bool_load_type...>;
+        using bool_load_type = detail::xfunction_bool_load_type_t<CT...>;
 
         template <class requested_type>
         using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;

From 87020f99b4fed11feff3c1c714b77eda33ba4db8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2023 16:36:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 401/606] pre-commit autoupdate

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 0a401f409..3b0503d29 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.3.0
+  rev: v4.4.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-added-large-files
   - id: check-case-conflict
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ repos:
   hooks:
   - id: cpp_comment_format
 - repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/conda_envfile
-  rev: v0.4.1
+  rev: v0.4.2
   hooks:
   - id: conda_envfile_parse
     files: environment.yaml

From cffd9fb120d1bdf258de6464ac2d8d35a88c28fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2023 17:04:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 402/606] Upgrade xtl version

---
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml | 2 +-
 README.md                                | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml                      | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
index cf8fb8f8c..691b8a744 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
                     ninja ^
                     doctest==2.4.7 ^
                     nlohmann_json ^
-                    xtl==0.7.4 ^
+                    xtl==0.7.5 ^
                     xsimd==10.0.0 ^
                     python=3.9
       conda list
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5e96aa4b4..d087f2e7a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^8.0.3      |
 |  0.24.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
 |  0.23.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 76fd110aa..efb744249 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ channels:
 - conda-forge
 dependencies:
 - cmake
-- xtl=0.7.4
+- xtl=0.7.5
 - xsimd=10.0.0
 - nlohmann_json
 - doctest=2.4.7

From c8670baf6022bdd5eb33da4d06950703c540927b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2023 14:36:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 403/606] Formating adjustments

---
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 0d4628166..c967ff69c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         inline S swapaxes_perm(std::size_t dim, std::ptrdiff_t axis1, std::ptrdiff_t axis2)
         {
-            std::size_t const ax1 = normalize_axis(dim, axis1);
-            std::size_t const ax2 = normalize_axis(dim, axis2);
+            const std::size_t ax1 = normalize_axis(dim, axis1);
+            const std::size_t ax2 = normalize_axis(dim, axis2);
             auto perm = xtl::make_sequence<S>(dim, 0);
             using id_t = typename S::value_type;
             std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), id_t(0));
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto swapaxes(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis1, std::ptrdiff_t axis2)
     {
-        auto const dim = e.dimension();
+        const auto dim = e.dimension();
         check_axis_in_dim(axis1, dim, "Parameter axis1");
         check_axis_in_dim(axis2, dim, "Parameter axis2");
 
@@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using id_t = typename S::value_type;
 
-            std::size_t const src_norm = normalize_axis(dim, src);
-            std::size_t const dest_norm = normalize_axis(dim, dest);
+            const std::size_t src_norm = normalize_axis(dim, src);
+            const std::size_t dest_norm = normalize_axis(dim, dest);
 
             // Initializing to src_norm handles case where `dest == -1` and the loop
             // does not go check `perm_idx == dest_norm` a `dim+1`th time.

From ed5a4970042b6c07d1d70272f4b51e6e1e99c3cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2023 16:13:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 404/606] Fix some signed comparison in xiterator

---
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index 55ee46ce9..afd77f73c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xiterator_base.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
@@ -645,7 +646,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             --i;
             size_type inc = (i == leading_i) ? n : 1;
-            if (index[i] + inc < shape[i])
+            if (xtl::cmp_less(index[i] + inc, shape[i]))
             {
                 index[i] += inc;
                 stepper.step(i, inc);
@@ -723,7 +724,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             --i;
             size_type inc = (i == leading_i) ? n : 1;
-            if (index[i] >= inc)
+            if (xtl::cmp_greater_equal(index[i], inc))
             {
                 index[i] -= inc;
                 stepper.step_back(i, inc);

From 00059eb2acb926a7957d78945cc5ab3326b5a614 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2022 16:02:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 405/606] Implementation of xt::quantile

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 258 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xsort.cpp       |  35 ++++++
 2 files changed, 293 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 389a3c1fd..946c57d21 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -11,14 +11,22 @@
 #define XTENSOR_SORT_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
+
+#include "xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xarray.hpp"
 #include "xeval.hpp"
+#include "xindex_view.hpp"
 #include "xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xmath.hpp"
 #include "xslice.hpp"  // for xnone
 #include "xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -772,6 +780,256 @@ namespace xt
         return argpartition(e, std::array<std::size_t, 1>({kth}), axis);
     }
 
+    /******************
+     *  xt::quantile  *
+     ******************/
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class S, class I, class K, class O>
+        inline void select_indices_impl(
+            S const& shape,
+            I const& indices,
+            std::size_t axis,
+            std::size_t current_dim,
+            K const& current_index,
+            O& out
+        )
+        {
+            using id_t = typename K::value_type;
+            if ((current_dim < shape.size() - 1) && (current_dim == axis))
+            {
+                for (auto i : indices)
+                {
+                    auto idx = current_index;
+                    idx[current_dim] = i;
+                    select_indices_impl(shape, indices, axis, current_dim + 1, idx, out);
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((current_dim < shape.size() - 1) && (current_dim != axis))
+            {
+                for (id_t i = 0; xtl::cmp_less(i, shape[current_dim]); ++i)
+                {
+                    auto idx = current_index;
+                    idx[current_dim] = i;
+                    select_indices_impl(shape, indices, axis, current_dim + 1, idx, out);
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((current_dim == shape.size() - 1) && (current_dim == axis))
+            {
+                for (auto i : indices)
+                {
+                    auto idx = current_index;
+                    idx[current_dim] = i;
+                    out.push_back(std::move(idx));
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((current_dim == shape.size() - 1) && (current_dim != axis))
+            {
+                for (id_t i = 0; xtl::cmp_less(i, shape[current_dim]); ++i)
+                {
+                    auto idx = current_index;
+                    idx[current_dim] = i;
+                    out.push_back(std::move(idx));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        template <class S, class I>
+        inline auto select_indices(S const& shape, I const& indices, std::size_t axis)
+        {
+            using index_type = get_strides_t<S>;
+            auto out = std::vector<index_type>();
+            select_indices_impl(shape, indices, axis, 0, xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(shape.size()), out);
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // TODO remove when fancy index views are implemented
+        // Poor man's indexing along a single axis as in NumPy a[:, [1, 3, 4]]
+        template <class E, class I>
+        inline auto fancy_indexing(E&& e, I const& indices, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
+        {
+            std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+            using shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
+            auto shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(e.shape());
+            shape[ax] = indices.size();
+            return reshape_view(
+                index_view(std::forward<E>(e), select_indices(e.shape(), indices, ax)),
+                std::move(shape)
+            );
+        }
+
+        template <class T, class I, class P>
+        inline auto quantile_kth_gamma(std::size_t n, P const& probas, T alpha, T beta)
+        {
+            auto const m = alpha + probas * (T(1) - alpha - beta);
+            // Evaluting since reused a lot
+            auto const p_n_m = eval(probas * static_cast<T>(n) + m - 1);
+            // Previous (virtual) index, may be out of bounds
+            auto const j = floor(p_n_m);
+            auto const j_jp1 = concatenate(xtuple(j, j + 1));
+            // Both interpolation indices, k and k+1
+            auto const k_kp1 = xt::cast<std::size_t>(clip(j_jp1, T(0), T(n - 1)));
+            // Both interpolation coefficients, 1-gamma and gamma
+            auto const omg_g = concatenate(xtuple(T(1) - (p_n_m - j), p_n_m - j));
+            return std::make_pair(eval(k_kp1), eval(omg_g));
+        }
+
+        // TODO should implement unsqueeze rather
+        template <class S>
+        inline auto unsqueeze_shape(S const& shape, std::size_t axis)
+        {
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(axis <= shape.size());
+            auto new_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<xt::svector<std::size_t>, decltype(shape)>(shape);
+            new_shape.insert(new_shape.begin() + axis, 1);
+            return new_shape;
+        }
+    }
+
+    enum class quantile_method
+    {
+        interpolated_inverted_cdf = 4,
+        hazen,
+        weibull,
+        linear,
+        median_unbiased,
+        normal_unbiased,
+    };
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, class P>
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
+    {
+        // Check inputs
+        if (any((probas < 0.) || (1. < probas)))
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "p must be between 0 and 1");
+        }
+        if ((alpha < 0) || (1 < alpha))
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "alpha must be between 0 and 1");
+        }
+        if ((beta < 0) || (1 < beta))
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "beta must be between 0 and 1");
+        }
+
+        using tmp_shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
+        using id_t = typename tmp_shape_t::value_type;
+
+        std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+        std::size_t const n = e.shape()[ax];
+        auto kth_gamma = detail::quantile_kth_gamma<T, id_t, P>(n, probas, alpha, beta);
+
+        // Select relevant values for computing interpolating quantiles
+        auto e_partition = xt::partition(std::forward<E>(e), kth_gamma.first, ax);
+        auto e_kth = detail::fancy_indexing(std::move(e_partition), std::move(kth_gamma.first), ax);
+
+        // Reshape interpolation coefficients
+        auto gm1_g_shape = xtl::make_sequence<tmp_shape_t>(e.dimension(), 1);
+        gm1_g_shape[ax] = kth_gamma.second.size();
+        auto gm1_g_reshaped = reshape_view(std::move(kth_gamma.second), std::move(gm1_g_shape));
+
+        // Compute interpolation
+        // TODO(C++20) use (and create) xt::lerp in C++
+        auto e_kth_g = std::move(e_kth) * std::move(gm1_g_reshaped);
+        // Reshape pairwise interpolate for suming along new axis
+        auto e_kth_g_shape = detail::unsqueeze_shape(e_kth_g.shape(), ax);
+        e_kth_g_shape[ax] = 2;
+        e_kth_g_shape[ax + 1] /= 2;
+        auto quantiles = xt::sum(reshape_view(std::move(e_kth_g), std::move(e_kth_g_shape)), ax);
+        // Cannot do a transpose on a non-strided expression so we have to eval
+        return moveaxis(eval(std::move(quantiles)), ax, 0);
+    }
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
+    {
+        return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), adapt(probas, {N}), axis, alpha, beta);
+    }
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, class P>
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, T alpha, T beta)
+    {
+        return quantile(xt::ravel(std::forward<E>(e)), probas, 0, alpha, beta);
+    }
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], T alpha, T beta)
+    {
+        return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), adapt(probas, {N}), alpha, beta);
+    }
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, class P>
+    inline auto
+    quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
+    {
+        T alpha = 0.;
+        T beta = 0.;
+        switch (method)
+        {
+            case (quantile_method::interpolated_inverted_cdf):
+            {
+                alpha = 0.;
+                beta = 1.;
+                break;
+            }
+            case (quantile_method::hazen):
+            {
+                alpha = 0.5;
+                beta = 0.5;
+                break;
+            }
+            case (quantile_method::weibull):
+            {
+                alpha = 0.;
+                beta = 0.;
+                break;
+            }
+            case (quantile_method::linear):
+            {
+                alpha = 1.;
+                beta = 1.;
+                break;
+            }
+            case (quantile_method::median_unbiased):
+            {
+                alpha = 1. / 3.;
+                beta = 1. / 3.;
+                break;
+            }
+            case (quantile_method::normal_unbiased):
+            {
+                alpha = 3. / 8.;
+                beta = 3. / 8.;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), probas, axis, alpha, beta);
+    }
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto
+    quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
+    {
+        return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), adapt(probas, {N}), axis, method);
+    }
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, class P>
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
+    {
+        return quantile(xt::ravel(std::forward<E>(e)), probas, 0, method);
+    }
+
+    template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
+    {
+        return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), adapt(probas, {N}), method);
+    }
+
+    /****************
+     *  xt::median  *
+     ****************/
+
     template <class E>
     inline typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type median(E&& e)
     {
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index aafc7ae07..b7c2e9675 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xinfo.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xslice.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xsort.hpp"
@@ -381,6 +382,40 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(b, r2, 2));
     }
 
+    TEST(xsort, quantile)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<4, 2, 2>> const data = {
+            {{3., 4.}, {2., 1.}},
+            {{-1., 1.}, {3., 2.}},
+            {{-9., -0.}, {-9., -3.}},
+            {{12., 12.}, {12., 12.}},
+        };
+
+        {
+            auto q = xt::quantile(data, {.3, .0, 1.});
+            xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3>> const expected = {0.5, -9., 12.};
+            EXPECT_TRUE(xt::equal(q, expected)(0));
+        }
+
+        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 4, 2>> const expected1 = {
+            {{2.3, 1.9}, {0.2, 1.3}, {-9., -2.1}, {12., 12.}},
+            {{2., 1.}, {-1., 1.}, {-9., -3.}, {12., 12.}},
+            {{3., 4.}, {3., 2.}, {-9., 0.}, {12., 12.}},
+        };
+        {
+            auto q1 = xt::quantile(data, {.3, .0, 1.}, 1);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(xt::equal(q1, expected1)(0));
+        }
+        {
+            auto q1 = xt::quantile(xt::xtensor<float, 3>(data), {.3, .0, 1.}, 1);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(xt::equal(q1, expected1)(0));
+        }
+        {
+            auto q1 = xt::quantile(xt::xarray<float>(data), {.3, .0, 1.}, 1);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(xt::equal(q1, expected1)(0));
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xsort, median)
     {
         xt::xtensor<float, 2> a = {{3, 4, 2, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 2}, {9, 9, 9, 9}, {12, 12, 12, 12}, {5, 5, 5, 5}};

From 69df4c73cdf1a88c1489af72d3f2f9da96f9b9ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Dec 2022 16:43:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 406/606] Add documentation for xt::quantile

---
 docs/source/numpy.rst     | 58 +++++++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 121 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index ac2b0bebb..897d0383a 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -399,34 +399,40 @@ Comparisons
 Minimum, Maximum, Sorting
 -------------------------
 
-.. table::
+.. list-table::
    :widths: 50 50
+   :header-rows: 1
 
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   |            Python 3 - NumPy                         |                C++ 14 - xtensor                         |
-   +=====================================================+=========================================================+
-   | :any:`np.amin(a) <numpy.amin>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::amin(a) <xt::amin>`                      |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.amax(a) <numpy.amax>`                      | :cpp:func:`xt::amax(a) <xt::amax>`                      |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.argmin(a) <numpy.argmin>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::argmin(a) <xt::argmin>`                  |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.argmax(a, axis=1) <numpy.argmax>`          | :cpp:func:`xt::argmax(a, 1) <xt::argmax>`               |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.sort(a, axis=1) <numpy.sort>`              | :cpp:func:`xt::sort(a, 1) <xt::sort>`                   |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.argsort(a, axis=1) <numpy.argsort>`        | :cpp:func:`xt::argsort(a, 1) <xt::argsort>`             |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.unique(a) <numpy.unique>`                  | :cpp:func:`xt::unique(a) <xt::unique>`                  |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <numpy.setdiff1d>`     | :cpp:func:`xt::setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <xt::setdiff1d>`     |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.partition(a, kth) <numpy.partition>`       | :cpp:func:`xt::partition(a, kth) <xt::partition>`       |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.argpartition(a, kth) <numpy.argpartition>` | :cpp:func:`xt::argpartition(a, kth) <xt::argpartition>` |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
-   | :any:`np.median(a, axis) <numpy.median>`            | :cpp:func:`xt::median(a, axis) <xt::median>`            |
-   +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
+   * - Python3 - NumPy
+     - C++14 - xtensor
+   * - :any:`np.amin(a) <numpy.amin>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::amin(a) <xt::amin>`
+   * - :any:`np.amax(a) <numpy.amax>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::amax(a) <xt::amax>`
+   * - :any:`np.argmin(a) <numpy.argmin>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::argmin(a) <xt::argmin>`
+   * - :any:`np.argmax(a, axis=1) <numpy.argmax>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::argmax(a, 1) <xt::argmax>`
+   * - :any:`np.sort(a, axis=1) <numpy.sort>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::sort(a, 1) <xt::sort>`
+   * - :any:`np.argsort(a, axis=1) <numpy.argsort>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::argsort(a, 1) <xt::argsort>`
+   * - :any:`np.unique(a) <numpy.unique>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::unique(a) <xt::unique>`
+   * - :any:`np.setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <numpy.setdiff1d>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::setdiff1d(ar1, ar2) <xt::setdiff1d>`
+   * - :any:`np.partition(a, kth) <numpy.partition>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::partition(a, kth) <xt::partition>`
+   * - :any:`np.argpartition(a, kth) <numpy.argpartition>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::argpartition(a, kth) <xt::argpartition>`
+   * - :any:`np.quantile(a, [.1 .3], method="linear") <numpy.quantile>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::quantile(a, {.1, .3}, xt::quantile_method::linear) <xt::quantile>`
+   * - :any:`np.quantile(a, [.1, .3], axis=1 method="linear") <numpy.quantile>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::quantile(a, {.1, .3}, 1, xt::quantile_method::linear) <xt::quantile>`
+   * -
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::quantile(a, {.1, .3}, 1, 1.0, 1.0) <xt::quantile>`
+   * - :any:`np.median(a, axis=1) <numpy.median>`
+     - :cpp:func:`xt::median(a, 1) <xt::median>`
 
 Complex numbers
 ---------------
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 946c57d21..8d4d281f6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -886,16 +886,35 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    enum class quantile_method
-    {
-        interpolated_inverted_cdf = 4,
-        hazen,
-        weibull,
-        linear,
-        median_unbiased,
-        normal_unbiased,
-    };
-
+    /**
+     * Compute quantiles over the given axis.
+     *
+     * In a sorted array represneting a distribution of numbers, the quantile of a probability ``p``
+     * is the the cut value ``q`` such that a fraction ``p`` of the distribution is lesser or equal
+     * to ``q``.
+     * When the cutpoint falls between two elemnts of the sample distribution, a interpolation is
+     * computed using the @p alpha and @p beta coefficients, as descripted in
+     * (Hyndman and Fan, 1996).
+     *
+     * The algorithm partially sorts entries in a copy along the @p axis axis.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
+     * @param e Expression containing the distribution over which the quantiles are computed.
+     * @param probas An list of probability associated with each desired quantiles.
+     *        All elements must be in the range ``[0, 1]``.
+     * @param axis The dimension in which to compute the quantiles, *i.e* the axis representing the
+     *        distribution.
+     * @param alpha Interpolation parameter. Must be in the range ``[0, 1]]``.
+     * @param beta Interpolation parameter. Must be in the range ``[0, 1]]``.
+     * @tparam T The type in which the quatile are computed.
+     * @return An expression with as many dimensions as the input @p e.
+     *         The first axis correspond to the quantiles.
+     *         The other axes are the axes that remain after the reduction of @p e.
+     * @see (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) R. J. Hyndman and Y. Fan,
+     *      "Sample quantiles in statistical packages", The American Statistician,
+     *      50(4), pp. 361-365, 1996
+     * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile
+     */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
     inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
     {
@@ -941,24 +960,71 @@ namespace xt
         return moveaxis(eval(std::move(quantiles)), ax, 0);
     }
 
+    // Static proba array overload
     template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
     inline auto quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
     {
         return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), adapt(probas, {N}), axis, alpha, beta);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Compute quantiles of the whole expression.
+     *
+     * The quantiles are computed over the whole expression, as if flatten in a one-dimensional
+     * expression.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
+     * @see xt::quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
+     */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
     inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, T alpha, T beta)
     {
         return quantile(xt::ravel(std::forward<E>(e)), probas, 0, alpha, beta);
     }
 
+    // Static proba array overload
     template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
     inline auto quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], T alpha, T beta)
     {
         return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), adapt(probas, {N}), alpha, beta);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Quantile interpolation method.
+     *
+     * Predefined methods for interpolating quantiles, as defined in (Hyndman and Fan, 1996).
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
+     * @see (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) R. J. Hyndman and Y. Fan,
+     *      "Sample quantiles in statistical packages", The American Statistician,
+     *      50(4), pp. 361-365, 1996
+     * @see xt::quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, xt::quantile_method method)
+     */
+    enum class quantile_method
+    {
+        /** Method 4 of (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) with ``alpha=0`` and ``beta=1``. */
+        interpolated_inverted_cdf = 4,
+        /** Method 5 of (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) with ``alpha=1/2`` and ``beta=1/2``. */
+        hazen,
+        /** Method 6 of (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) with ``alpha=0`` and ``beta=0``. */
+        weibull,
+        /** Method 7 of (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) with ``alpha=1`` and ``beta=1``. */
+        linear,
+        /** Method 8 of (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) with ``alpha=1/3`` and ``beta=1/3``. */
+        median_unbiased,
+        /** Method 9 of (Hyndman and Fan, 1996) with ``alpha=3/8`` and ``beta=3/8``. */
+        normal_unbiased,
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Compute quantiles over the given axis.
+     *
+     * The function takes the name of a predefined method to compute to interpolate between values.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
+     * @see xt::quantile_method
+     * @see xt::quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
+     */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
     inline auto
     quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
@@ -1007,6 +1073,7 @@ namespace xt
         return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), probas, axis, alpha, beta);
     }
 
+    // Static proba array overload
     template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
     inline auto
     quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], std::ptrdiff_t axis, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
@@ -1014,12 +1081,24 @@ namespace xt
         return quantile(std::forward<E>(e), adapt(probas, {N}), axis, method);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Compute quantiles of the whole expression.
+     *
+     * The quantiles are computed over the whole expression, as if flatten in a one-dimensional
+     * expression.
+     * The function takes the name of a predefined method to compute to interpolate between values.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xsort
+     * @see xt::quantile_method
+     * @see xt::quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, xt::quantile_method method)
+     */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
     inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
     {
         return quantile(xt::ravel(std::forward<E>(e)), probas, 0, method);
     }
 
+    // Static proba array overload
     template <class T = double, class E, std::size_t N>
     inline auto quantile(E&& e, const T (&probas)[N], quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
     {

From 0f7cc970a4fd8d72d2662e892d4878ec7e05e39e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Jan 2023 14:54:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 407/606] Add quantile extended tests

---
 .../cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy      | 60 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
index 3d2581f96..ab89affe9 100644
--- a/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
+++ b/test/files/cppy_source/test_extended_xsort.cppy
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xsort.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
@@ -128,6 +129,65 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a[part_a1(12)], py_a[static_cast<std::size_t>(py_a1(12))]);
     }
 
+    /*py
+    a = np.random.rand(4, 5, 6)
+    */
+    TEST(xtest_extended, quantile_axis)
+    {
+        // py_a
+
+        // py_q0 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=0)
+        // py_q1 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=1)
+        // py_q2 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=2)
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q0, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 0)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q1, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 1)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q2, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 2)));
+    }
+
+    /*py
+    a = np.random.rand(4, 5, 6)
+    */
+    TEST(xtest_extended, quantile_methods)
+    {
+        // py_a
+
+        // py_q4 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="interpolated_inverted_cdf")
+        // py_q5 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="hazen")
+        // py_q6 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="weibull")
+        // py_q7 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="linear")
+        // py_q8 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="median_unbiased")
+        // py_q9 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="normal_unbiased")
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            xt::allclose(
+                py_q4,
+                xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::interpolated_inverted_cdf)
+            )
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            xt::allclose(py_q5, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::hazen))
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            xt::allclose(py_q6, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::weibull))
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            xt::allclose(py_q7, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::linear))
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            xt::allclose(
+                py_q8,
+                xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::median_unbiased)
+            )
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            xt::allclose(
+                py_q9,
+                xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::normal_unbiased)
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
     /*py
     a = np.random.rand(5, 5, 5)
     */

From c299ac58d6c7b7ff433a52b14462e105a3261356 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2023 14:58:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 408/606] Rerender test_extenteded_xsort

---
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp | 1139 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 839 insertions(+), 300 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index fd75604a4..b17fb8837 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xsort.hpp>
 #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
 
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         // py_median = np.median(a)
         double py_median = 300.0;
-        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<std::decay<decltype(py_a)>::type::value_type>(py_median), xt::median(py_a));
+        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<decltype(py_a)::value_type>(py_median), xt::median(py_a));
     }
 
     /*py
@@ -151,6 +152,544 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a[part_a1(12)], py_a[static_cast<std::size_t>(py_a1(12))]);
     }
 
+    /*py
+    a = np.random.rand(4, 5, 6)
+    */
+    TEST(xtest_extended, quantile_axis)
+    {
+        // py_a
+        xarray<double> py_a = {
+            {{0.0650515929852795,
+              0.9488855372533332,
+              0.9656320330745594,
+              0.8083973481164611,
+              0.3046137691733707,
+              0.0976721140063839},
+             {0.6842330265121569,
+              0.4401524937396013,
+              0.1220382348447788,
+              0.4951769101112702,
+              0.0343885211152184,
+              0.9093204020787821},
+             {0.2587799816000169,
+              0.662522284353982,
+              0.311711076089411,
+              0.5200680211778108,
+              0.5467102793432796,
+              0.184854455525527},
+             {0.9695846277645586,
+              0.7751328233611146,
+              0.9394989415641891,
+              0.8948273504276488,
+              0.5978999788110851,
+              0.9218742350231168},
+             {0.0884925020519195,
+              0.1959828624191452,
+              0.0452272889105381,
+              0.3253303307632643,
+              0.388677289689482,
+              0.2713490317738959}},
+
+            {{0.8287375091519293,
+              0.3567533266935893,
+              0.2809345096873808,
+              0.5426960831582485,
+              0.1409242249747626,
+              0.8021969807540397},
+             {0.0745506436797708,
+              0.9868869366005173,
+              0.7722447692966574,
+              0.1987156815341724,
+              0.0055221171236024,
+              0.8154614284548342},
+             {0.7068573438476171,
+              0.7290071680409873,
+              0.7712703466859457,
+              0.0740446517340904,
+              0.3584657285442726,
+              0.1158690595251297},
+             {0.8631034258755935,
+              0.6232981268275579,
+              0.3308980248526492,
+              0.0635583502860236,
+              0.3109823217156622,
+              0.325183322026747},
+             {0.7296061783380641,
+              0.6375574713552131,
+              0.8872127425763265,
+              0.4722149251619493,
+              0.1195942459383017,
+              0.713244787222995}},
+
+            {{0.7607850486168974,
+              0.5612771975694962,
+              0.770967179954561,
+              0.4937955963643907,
+              0.5227328293819941,
+              0.4275410183585496},
+             {0.0254191267440952,
+              0.1078914269933045,
+              0.0314291856867343,
+              0.6364104112637804,
+              0.3143559810763267,
+              0.5085706911647028},
+             {0.907566473926093,
+              0.2492922291488749,
+              0.4103829230356297,
+              0.7555511385430487,
+              0.2287981654916225,
+              0.076979909828793},
+             {0.289751452913768,
+              0.1612212872540044,
+              0.9296976523425731,
+              0.808120379564417,
+              0.6334037565104235,
+              0.8714605901877177},
+             {0.8036720768991145,
+              0.1865700588860358,
+              0.8925589984899778,
+              0.5393422419156507,
+              0.8074401551640625,
+              0.8960912999234932}},
+
+            {{0.3180034749718639,
+              0.1100519245276768,
+              0.2279351625419417,
+              0.4271077886262563,
+              0.8180147659224931,
+              0.8607305832563434},
+             {0.0069521305311907,
+              0.5107473025775657,
+              0.417411003148779,
+              0.2221078104707302,
+              0.1198653673336828,
+              0.337615171403628},
+             {0.9429097039125192,
+              0.3232029320207552,
+              0.5187906217433661,
+              0.7030189588951778,
+              0.363629602379294,
+              0.9717820827209607},
+             {0.9624472949421112,
+              0.2517822958253642,
+              0.4972485058923855,
+              0.3008783098167697,
+              0.2848404943774676,
+              0.0368869473545328},
+             {0.6095643339798968,
+              0.5026790232288615,
+              0.0514787512499894,
+              0.2786464642366114,
+              0.9082658859666537,
+              0.2395618906669724}}};
+
+        // py_q0 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=0)
+        xarray<double> py_q0 = {
+            {{0.0650515929852795,
+              0.1100519245276768,
+              0.2279351625419417,
+              0.4271077886262563,
+              0.1409242249747626,
+              0.0976721140063839},
+             {0.0069521305311907,
+              0.1078914269933045,
+              0.0314291856867343,
+              0.1987156815341724,
+              0.0055221171236024,
+              0.337615171403628},
+             {0.2587799816000169,
+              0.2492922291488749,
+              0.311711076089411,
+              0.0740446517340904,
+              0.2287981654916225,
+              0.076979909828793},
+             {0.289751452913768,
+              0.1612212872540044,
+              0.3308980248526492,
+              0.0635583502860236,
+              0.2848404943774676,
+              0.0368869473545328},
+             {0.0884925020519195,
+              0.1865700588860358,
+              0.0452272889105381,
+              0.2786464642366114,
+              0.1195942459383017,
+              0.2395618906669724}},
+
+            {{0.2927082867732054,
+              0.332083186476998,
+              0.2756345749728368,
+              0.4871268155905773,
+              0.2882448147535099,
+              0.394554127923333},
+             {0.0235724271228047,
+              0.4069263870649716,
+              0.1129773299289744,
+              0.2197685975770745,
+              0.0315018807160568,
+              0.4914751391885953},
+             {0.662049607622857,
+              0.3158118617335672,
+              0.4005157383410078,
+              0.4754656842334387,
+              0.3454989722390076,
+              0.111980144555496},
+             {0.8057682285794109,
+              0.2427261949682282,
+              0.4806134577884118,
+              0.277146313863695,
+              0.3083681389818427,
+              0.2963536845595256},
+             {0.5574571507870991,
+              0.1950415820658343,
+              0.0508536050160442,
+              0.3206619441105991,
+              0.361768985314364,
+              0.2681703176632035}},
+
+            {{0.1409371575812548,
+              0.1840623451774505,
+              0.2438349666855734,
+              0.4471141309476966,
+              0.1900310882343451,
+              0.1966327853120336},
+             {0.012492229395062,
+              0.2075697470171935,
+              0.0586119004341476,
+              0.2057333202151398,
+              0.0141820383210872,
+              0.3889018273319504},
+             {0.393203190274297,
+              0.271465440010439,
+              0.3413126301732766,
+              0.2078516625672065,
+              0.2676984344074175,
+              0.088646654737694},
+             {0.4617570448023157,
+              0.1883895898254123,
+              0.3808031691645701,
+              0.1347543381452475,
+              0.292683042578926,
+              0.1233758597561971},
+             {0.2448140516303127,
+              0.1893938999459686,
+              0.0471027276123735,
+              0.2926516241946073,
+              0.2003191590636558,
+              0.2490980329990495}},
+
+            {{0.8287375091519293,
+              0.9488855372533332,
+              0.9656320330745594,
+              0.8083973481164611,
+              0.8180147659224931,
+              0.8607305832563434},
+             {0.6842330265121569,
+              0.9868869366005173,
+              0.7722447692966574,
+              0.6364104112637804,
+              0.3143559810763267,
+              0.9093204020787821},
+             {0.9429097039125192,
+              0.7290071680409873,
+              0.7712703466859457,
+              0.7555511385430487,
+              0.5467102793432796,
+              0.9717820827209607},
+             {0.9695846277645586,
+              0.7751328233611146,
+              0.9394989415641891,
+              0.8948273504276488,
+              0.6334037565104235,
+              0.9218742350231168},
+             {0.8036720768991145,
+              0.6375574713552131,
+              0.8925589984899778,
+              0.5393422419156507,
+              0.9082658859666537,
+              0.8960912999234932}}};
+        // py_q1 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=1)
+        xarray<double> py_q1 = {
+            {{0.0650515929852795,
+              0.1959828624191452,
+              0.0452272889105381,
+              0.3253303307632643,
+              0.0343885211152184,
+              0.0976721140063839},
+             {0.0745506436797708,
+              0.3567533266935893,
+              0.2809345096873808,
+              0.0635583502860236,
+              0.0055221171236024,
+              0.1158690595251297},
+             {0.0254191267440952,
+              0.1078914269933045,
+              0.0314291856867343,
+              0.4937955963643907,
+              0.2287981654916225,
+              0.076979909828793},
+             {0.0069521305311907,
+              0.1100519245276768,
+              0.0514787512499894,
+              0.2221078104707302,
+              0.1198653673336828,
+              0.0368869473545328}},
+
+            {{0.122549997961539,
+              0.4846264518624774,
+              0.1599728030937052,
+              0.5001551323245783,
+              0.321426473276593,
+              0.2021533707752008},
+             {0.7114071107457065,
+              0.6261499957330889,
+              0.4189724892193085,
+              0.0989788576941068,
+              0.1238602417455939,
+              0.4027956150659966},
+             {0.3839581720543939,
+              0.1662910415804107,
+              0.4824997744194159,
+              0.5587558757852766,
+              0.3560313507374601,
+              0.4437469529197803},
+             {0.3763156467734705,
+              0.2660664230644424,
+              0.2658303306633091,
+              0.2830928333526431,
+              0.3005983159778329,
+              0.2591725468143035}},
+
+            {{0.0744279566119355,
+              0.2936507149473276,
+              0.0759516672842344,
+              0.3932689625024667,
+              0.1424786203384793,
+              0.1325450506140411},
+             {0.3274733237469094,
+              0.4633712467471767,
+              0.3009199157534881,
+              0.0677528708652503,
+              0.0511509686494821,
+              0.1995947645257767},
+             {0.1311520572119643,
+              0.1292233710975844,
+              0.1830106806262924,
+              0.5120142545848947,
+              0.2630212917255041,
+              0.2172043532406956},
+             {0.13137266830746,
+              0.1667440730467517,
+              0.1220613157667703,
+              0.2447232719770827,
+              0.1858554181511967,
+              0.1179569246795086}},
+
+            {{0.9695846277645586,
+              0.9488855372533332,
+              0.9656320330745594,
+              0.8948273504276488,
+              0.5978999788110851,
+              0.9218742350231168},
+             {0.8631034258755935,
+              0.9868869366005173,
+              0.8872127425763265,
+              0.5426960831582485,
+              0.3584657285442726,
+              0.8154614284548342},
+             {0.907566473926093,
+              0.5612771975694962,
+              0.9296976523425731,
+              0.808120379564417,
+              0.8074401551640625,
+              0.8960912999234932},
+             {0.9624472949421112,
+              0.5107473025775657,
+              0.5187906217433661,
+              0.7030189588951778,
+              0.9082658859666537,
+              0.9717820827209607}}};
+        // py_q2 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=2)
+        xarray<double> py_q2 = {
+            {{0.0650515929852795, 0.0343885211152184, 0.184854455525527, 0.5978999788110851, 0.0452272889105381},
+             {0.1409242249747626, 0.0055221171236024, 0.0740446517340904, 0.0635583502860236, 0.1195942459383017},
+             {0.4275410183585496, 0.0254191267440952, 0.076979909828793, 0.1612212872540044, 0.1865700588860358},
+             {0.1100519245276768, 0.0069521305311907, 0.3232029320207552, 0.0368869473545328, 0.0514787512499894}},
+
+            {{0.2011429415898773, 0.2810953642921901, 0.2852455288447139, 0.8349800868943817, 0.1422376822355323},
+             {0.318843918190485, 0.1366331626069716, 0.2371673940347012, 0.3180828218712046, 0.5548861982585812},
+             {0.5082642128731925, 0.0696603063400194, 0.2390451973202487, 0.4615776047120957, 0.6715071594073826},
+             {0.2729693187569028, 0.1709865889022065, 0.44121011206133, 0.2683113951014159, 0.2591041774517919}},
+
+            {{0.0813618534958317, 0.0782133779799986, 0.221817218562772, 0.6865164010860998, 0.0668598954812288},
+             {0.2109293673310717, 0.0400363804016866, 0.09495685562961, 0.1872703360008429, 0.2959045855501255},
+             {0.4606683073614702, 0.0284241562154147, 0.1528890376602077, 0.2254863700838862, 0.3629561504008433},
+             {0.1689935435348092, 0.0634087489324368, 0.3434162672000246, 0.1443346215899485, 0.1455203209584809}},
+
+            {{0.9656320330745594, 0.9093204020787821, 0.662522284353982, 0.9695846277645586, 0.388677289689482},
+             {0.8287375091519293, 0.9868869366005173, 0.7712703466859457, 0.8631034258755935, 0.8872127425763265},
+             {0.770967179954561, 0.6364104112637804, 0.907566473926093, 0.9296976523425731, 0.8960912999234932},
+             {0.8607305832563434, 0.5107473025775657, 0.9717820827209607, 0.9624472949421112, 0.9082658859666537}}};
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q0, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 0)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q1, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 1)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q2, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 2)));
+    }
+
+    /*py
+    a = np.random.rand(4, 5, 6)
+    */
+    TEST(xtest_extended, quantile_methods)
+    {
+        // py_a
+        xarray<double> py_a = {
+            {{0.1448948720912231,
+              0.489452760277563,
+              0.9856504541106007,
+              0.2420552715115004,
+              0.6721355474058786,
+              0.7616196153287176},
+             {0.2376375439923997,
+              0.7282163486118596,
+              0.3677831327192532,
+              0.6323058305935795,
+              0.6335297107608947,
+              0.5357746840747585},
+             {0.0902897700544083,
+              0.835302495589238,
+              0.3207800649717358,
+              0.1865185103998542,
+              0.0407751415547639,
+              0.5908929431882418},
+             {0.6775643618422824,
+              0.0165878289278562,
+              0.512093058299281,
+              0.226495775197938,
+              0.6451727904094499,
+              0.1743664290049914},
+             {0.690937738102466,
+              0.3867353463005374,
+              0.9367299887367345,
+              0.1375209441459933,
+              0.3410663510502585,
+              0.1134735212405891}},
+
+            {{0.9246936182785628,
+              0.877339353380981,
+              0.2579416277151556,
+              0.659984046034179,
+              0.8172222002012158,
+              0.5552008115994623},
+             {0.5296505783560065,
+              0.2418522909004517,
+              0.0931027678058992,
+              0.8972157579533268,
+              0.9004180571633305,
+              0.6331014572732679},
+             {0.3390297910487007,
+              0.3492095746126609,
+              0.7259556788702394,
+              0.8971102599525771,
+              0.8870864242651173,
+              0.7798755458576239},
+             {0.6420316461542878,
+              0.0841399649950488,
+              0.1616287140946138,
+              0.8985541885270792,
+              0.6064290596595899,
+              0.0091970516166296},
+             {0.1014715428660321,
+              0.6635017691080558,
+              0.0050615838462187,
+              0.1608080514174987,
+              0.5487337893665861,
+              0.6918951976926933}},
+
+            {{0.6519612595026005,
+              0.2242693094605598,
+              0.7121792213475359,
+              0.2372490874968001,
+              0.3253996981592677,
+              0.7464914051180241},
+             {0.6496328990472147,
+              0.8492234104941779,
+              0.6576128923003434,
+              0.5683086033354716,
+              0.0936747678280925,
+              0.3677158030594335},
+             {0.2652023676817254,
+              0.2439896433790836,
+              0.9730105547524456,
+              0.3930977246667604,
+              0.8920465551771133,
+              0.6311386259972629},
+             {0.7948113035416484,
+              0.5026370931051921,
+              0.5769038846263591,
+              0.4925176938188639,
+              0.1952429877980445,
+              0.7224521152615053},
+             {0.2807723624408558,
+              0.0243159664314538,
+              0.6454722959071678,
+              0.1771106794070489,
+              0.9404585843529143,
+              0.9539285770025874}},
+
+            {{0.9148643902204485,
+              0.3701587002554444,
+              0.0154566165288674,
+              0.9283185625877254,
+              0.4281841483173143,
+              0.9666548190436696},
+             {0.9636199770892528,
+              0.8530094554673601,
+              0.2944488920695857,
+              0.3850977286019253,
+              0.8511366715168569,
+              0.3169220051562777},
+             {0.1694927466860925,
+              0.5568012624583502,
+              0.936154774160781,
+              0.696029796674973,
+              0.570061170089365,
+              0.0971764937707685},
+             {0.6150072266991697,
+              0.9900538501042633,
+              0.140084015236524,
+              0.5183296523637367,
+              0.8773730719279554,
+              0.7407686177542044},
+             {0.697015740995268,
+              0.7024840839871093,
+              0.3594911512197552,
+              0.2935918442644934,
+              0.8093611554785136,
+              0.8101133946791808}}};
+
+        // py_q4 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="interpolated_inverted_cdf")
+        xarray<double> py_q4 = {0.0050615838462187, 0.3169220051562777, 0.1014715428660321, 0.9900538501042633};
+        // py_q5 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="hazen")
+        xarray<double> py_q5 = {0.0050615838462187, 0.3188510350640067, 0.1074725320533106, 0.9900538501042633};
+        // py_q6 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="weibull")
+        xarray<double> py_q6 = {0.0050615838462187, 0.3180794231009151, 0.1026717407034878, 0.9900538501042633};
+        // py_q7 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="linear")
+        xarray<double> py_q7 = {0.0050615838462187, 0.3196226470270984, 0.1122733234031334, 0.9900538501042633};
+        // py_q8 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="median_unbiased")
+        xarray<double> py_q8 = {0.0050615838462187, 0.3185938310763095, 0.1058722682700363, 0.9900538501042633};
+        // py_q9 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="normal_unbiased")
+        xarray<double> py_q9 = {0.0050615838462187, 0.3186581320732338, 0.1062723342158549, 0.9900538501042633};
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            xt::allclose(py_q4, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::interpolated_inverted_cdf))
+        );
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q5, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::hazen)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q6, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::weibull)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q7, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::linear)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q8, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::median_unbiased)));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q9, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, quantile_method::normal_unbiased)));
+    }
+
     /*py
     a = np.random.rand(5, 5, 5)
     */
@@ -158,59 +697,59 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a
         xarray<double> py_a = {
-            {{0.0650515929852795, 0.9488855372533332, 0.9656320330745594, 0.8083973481164611, 0.3046137691733707},
-             {0.0976721140063839, 0.6842330265121569, 0.4401524937396013, 0.1220382348447788, 0.4951769101112702},
-             {0.0343885211152184, 0.9093204020787821, 0.2587799816000169, 0.662522284353982, 0.311711076089411},
-             {0.5200680211778108, 0.5467102793432796, 0.184854455525527, 0.9695846277645586, 0.7751328233611146},
-             {0.9394989415641891, 0.8948273504276488, 0.5978999788110851, 0.9218742350231168, 0.0884925020519195}},
-
-            {{0.1959828624191452, 0.0452272889105381, 0.3253303307632643, 0.388677289689482, 0.2713490317738959},
-             {0.8287375091519293, 0.3567533266935893, 0.2809345096873808, 0.5426960831582485, 0.1409242249747626},
-             {0.8021969807540397, 0.0745506436797708, 0.9868869366005173, 0.7722447692966574, 0.1987156815341724},
-             {0.0055221171236024, 0.8154614284548342, 0.7068573438476171, 0.7290071680409873, 0.7712703466859457},
-             {0.0740446517340904, 0.3584657285442726, 0.1158690595251297, 0.8631034258755935, 0.6232981268275579}},
-
-            {{0.3308980248526492, 0.0635583502860236, 0.3109823217156622, 0.325183322026747, 0.7296061783380641},
-             {0.6375574713552131, 0.8872127425763265, 0.4722149251619493, 0.1195942459383017, 0.713244787222995},
-             {0.7607850486168974, 0.5612771975694962, 0.770967179954561, 0.4937955963643907, 0.5227328293819941},
-             {0.4275410183585496, 0.0254191267440952, 0.1078914269933045, 0.0314291856867343, 0.6364104112637804},
-             {0.3143559810763267, 0.5085706911647028, 0.907566473926093, 0.2492922291488749, 0.4103829230356297}},
-
-            {{0.7555511385430487, 0.2287981654916225, 0.076979909828793, 0.289751452913768, 0.1612212872540044},
-             {0.9296976523425731, 0.808120379564417, 0.6334037565104235, 0.8714605901877177, 0.8036720768991145},
-             {0.1865700588860358, 0.8925589984899778, 0.5393422419156507, 0.8074401551640625, 0.8960912999234932},
-             {0.3180034749718639, 0.1100519245276768, 0.2279351625419417, 0.4271077886262563, 0.8180147659224931},
-             {0.8607305832563434, 0.0069521305311907, 0.5107473025775657, 0.417411003148779, 0.2221078104707302}},
-
-            {{0.1198653673336828, 0.337615171403628, 0.9429097039125192, 0.3232029320207552, 0.5187906217433661},
-             {0.7030189588951778, 0.363629602379294, 0.9717820827209607, 0.9624472949421112, 0.2517822958253642},
-             {0.4972485058923855, 0.3008783098167697, 0.2848404943774676, 0.0368869473545328, 0.6095643339798968},
-             {0.5026790232288615, 0.0514787512499894, 0.2786464642366114, 0.9082658859666537, 0.2395618906669724},
-             {0.1448948720912231, 0.489452760277563, 0.9856504541106007, 0.2420552715115004, 0.6721355474058786}}};
+            {{0.8670723185801037, 0.9132405525564713, 0.5113423988609378, 0.5015162946871996, 0.7982951789667752},
+             {0.6499639307777652, 0.7019668772577033, 0.795792669436101, 0.8900053418175663, 0.3379951568515358},
+             {0.375582952639944, 0.093981939840869, 0.578280140996174, 0.0359422737967421, 0.4655980181324602},
+             {0.5426446347075766, 0.2865412521282844, 0.5908332605690108, 0.0305002499390494, 0.0373481887492144},
+             {0.8226005606596583, 0.3601906414112629, 0.1270605126518848, 0.5222432600548044, 0.7699935530986108}},
+
+            {{0.2158210274968432, 0.6228904758190003, 0.085347464993768, 0.0516817211686077, 0.531354631568148},
+             {0.5406351216101065, 0.6374299014982066, 0.7260913337226615, 0.9758520794625346, 0.5163003483011953},
+             {0.322956472941246, 0.7951861947687037, 0.2708322512620742, 0.4389714207056361, 0.078456381342266},
+             {0.0253507434154575, 0.9626484146779251, 0.8359801205122058, 0.695974206093698, 0.4089529444142699},
+             {0.1732943200708458, 0.156437042671086, 0.2502428981645953, 0.5492266647061205, 0.7145959227000623}},
+
+            {{0.6601973767177313, 0.2799338969459428, 0.9548652806631941, 0.7378969166957685, 0.5543540525114007},
+             {0.6117207462343522, 0.4196000624277899, 0.2477309895011575, 0.3559726786512616, 0.7578461104643691},
+             {0.0143934886297559, 0.1160726405069162, 0.0460026420217527, 0.0407288023189701, 0.8554605840110072},
+             {0.7036578593800237, 0.4741738290873252, 0.0978341606510015, 0.4916158751168324, 0.4734717707805657},
+             {0.1732018699100152, 0.433851649237973, 0.3985047343973734, 0.6158500980522165, 0.6350936508676438}},
+
+            {{0.0453040097720445, 0.3746126146264712, 0.6258599157142364, 0.5031362585800877, 0.8564898411883223},
+             {0.658693631618945, 0.1629344270814297, 0.0705687474004298, 0.6424192782063156, 0.0265113105416218},
+             {0.5857755812734633, 0.9402302414249576, 0.575474177875879, 0.3881699262065219, 0.6432882184423532},
+             {0.4582528904915166, 0.5456167893159349, 0.9414648087765252, 0.3861026378007743, 0.9611905638239142},
+             {0.9053506419560637, 0.1957911347892964, 0.0693613008751655, 0.1007780013774267, 0.0182218256515497}},
+
+            {{0.0944429607559284, 0.6830067734163568, 0.071188648460229, 0.3189756302937613, 0.8448753109694546},
+             {0.0232719357358259, 0.8144684825889358, 0.2818547747733999, 0.1181648276216563, 0.6967371653641506},
+             {0.628942846779884, 0.877472013527053, 0.7350710438038858, 0.8034809303848486, 0.2820345725713065},
+             {0.1774395437797228, 0.7506147516408583, 0.806834739267264, 0.9905051420006733, 0.4126176769114265},
+             {0.3720180857927832, 0.7764129607419968, 0.3408035402530178, 0.9307573256035647, 0.8584127518430118}}};
         // py_m = np.median(a)
-        double py_m = 0.489452760277563;
+        double py_m = 0.5113423988609378;
 
         // py_m0 = np.median(a, 0)
         xarray<double> py_m0 = {
-            {0.1959828624191452, 0.2287981654916225, 0.3253303307632643, 0.325183322026747, 0.3046137691733707},
-            {0.7030189588951778, 0.6842330265121569, 0.4722149251619493, 0.5426960831582485, 0.4951769101112702},
-            {0.4972485058923855, 0.5612771975694962, 0.5393422419156507, 0.662522284353982, 0.5227328293819941},
-            {0.4275410183585496, 0.1100519245276768, 0.2279351625419417, 0.7290071680409873, 0.7712703466859457},
-            {0.3143559810763267, 0.489452760277563, 0.5978999788110851, 0.417411003148779, 0.4103829230356297}};
+            {0.2158210274968432, 0.6228904758190003, 0.5113423988609378, 0.5015162946871996, 0.7982951789667752},
+            {0.6117207462343522, 0.6374299014982066, 0.2818547747733999, 0.6424192782063156, 0.5163003483011953},
+            {0.375582952639944, 0.7951861947687037, 0.575474177875879, 0.3881699262065219, 0.4655980181324602},
+            {0.4582528904915166, 0.5456167893159349, 0.806834739267264, 0.4916158751168324, 0.4126176769114265},
+            {0.3720180857927832, 0.3601906414112629, 0.2502428981645953, 0.5492266647061205, 0.7145959227000623}};
         // py_m1 = np.median(a, 1)
         xarray<double> py_m1 = {
-            {0.0976721140063839, 0.8948273504276488, 0.4401524937396013, 0.8083973481164611, 0.311711076089411},
-            {0.1959828624191452, 0.3567533266935893, 0.3253303307632643, 0.7290071680409873, 0.2713490317738959},
-            {0.4275410183585496, 0.5085706911647028, 0.4722149251619493, 0.2492922291488749, 0.6364104112637804},
-            {0.7555511385430487, 0.2287981654916225, 0.5107473025775657, 0.4271077886262563, 0.8036720768991145},
-            {0.4972485058923855, 0.337615171403628, 0.9429097039125192, 0.3232029320207552, 0.5187906217433661}};
+            {0.6499639307777652, 0.3601906414112629, 0.578280140996174, 0.5015162946871996, 0.4655980181324602},
+            {0.2158210274968432, 0.6374299014982066, 0.2708322512620742, 0.5492266647061205, 0.5163003483011953},
+            {0.6117207462343522, 0.4196000624277899, 0.2477309895011575, 0.4916158751168324, 0.6350936508676438},
+            {0.5857755812734633, 0.3746126146264712, 0.575474177875879, 0.3881699262065219, 0.6432882184423532},
+            {0.1774395437797228, 0.7764129607419968, 0.3408035402530178, 0.8034809303848486, 0.6967371653641506}};
         // py_m2 = np.median(a, 2)
         xarray<double> py_m2 = {
-            {0.8083973481164611, 0.4401524937396013, 0.311711076089411, 0.5467102793432796, 0.8948273504276488},
-            {0.2713490317738959, 0.3567533266935893, 0.7722447692966574, 0.7290071680409873, 0.3584657285442726},
-            {0.325183322026747, 0.6375574713552131, 0.5612771975694962, 0.1078914269933045, 0.4103829230356297},
-            {0.2287981654916225, 0.808120379564417, 0.8074401551640625, 0.3180034749718639, 0.417411003148779},
-            {0.337615171403628, 0.7030189588951778, 0.3008783098167697, 0.2786464642366114, 0.489452760277563}};
+            {0.7982951789667752, 0.7019668772577033, 0.375582952639944, 0.2865412521282844, 0.5222432600548044},
+            {0.2158210274968432, 0.6374299014982066, 0.322956472941246, 0.695974206093698, 0.2502428981645953},
+            {0.6601973767177313, 0.4196000624277899, 0.0460026420217527, 0.4741738290873252, 0.433851649237973},
+            {0.5031362585800877, 0.1629344270814297, 0.5857755812734633, 0.5456167893159349, 0.1007780013774267},
+            {0.3189756302937613, 0.2818547747733999, 0.7350710438038858, 0.7506147516408583, 0.7764129607419968}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(py_m, xt::median(py_a));
         EXPECT_EQ(py_m0, xt::median(py_a, 0));
@@ -225,125 +764,125 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a
         xarray<long> py_a = {
-            {{46, 73, 109, 61, 71},
-             {33, 82, 9, 86, 90},
-             {29, 14, 114, 83, 50},
-             {4, 65, 44, 27, 12},
-             {63, 5, 57, 25, 84}},
-
-            {{21, 94, 26, 75, 43},
-             {77, 121, 124, 99, 106},
-             {123, 20, 13, 42, 3},
-             {64, 102, 40, 80, 62},
-             {78, 60, 45, 17, 28}},
-
-            {{52, 54, 24, 107, 34},
-             {67, 91, 120, 101, 7},
-             {48, 87, 93, 98, 105},
-             {53, 119, 110, 104, 76},
-             {116, 8, 31, 36, 118}},
-
-            {{11, 47, 88, 1, 59},
-             {112, 6, 41, 30, 22},
-             {49, 56, 113, 0, 81},
-             {38, 39, 32, 51, 70},
-             {95, 103, 100, 66, 89}},
-
-            {{18, 35, 108, 19, 2},
-             {92, 79, 117, 58, 72},
-             {96, 15, 111, 10, 85},
-             {69, 97, 115, 68, 23},
-             {37, 16, 122, 55, 74}}};
+            {{110, 67, 43, 114, 86},
+             {117, 31, 40, 46, 62},
+             {10, 78, 33, 103, 14},
+             {23, 101, 66, 91, 89},
+             {20, 123, 32, 50, 106}},
+
+            {{69, 108, 96, 64, 65},
+             {59, 55, 76, 19, 119},
+             {92, 2, 42, 25, 9},
+             {63, 79, 115, 30, 5},
+             {35, 3, 53, 90, 105}},
+
+            {{71, 21, 0, 44, 47},
+             {7, 102, 37, 36, 28},
+             {97, 1, 72, 26, 49},
+             {73, 81, 39, 109, 45},
+             {6, 116, 80, 100, 17}},
+
+            {{74, 34, 4, 13, 113},
+             {57, 41, 87, 38, 56},
+             {93, 121, 52, 84, 95},
+             {24, 118, 68, 15, 82},
+             {51, 94, 77, 27, 70}},
+
+            {{8, 75, 107, 60, 11},
+             {99, 48, 18, 58, 122},
+             {85, 120, 111, 83, 61},
+             {124, 16, 29, 104, 98},
+             {88, 22, 12, 54, 112}}};
 
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, 2, 0)
         xarray<long> py_p0 = {
-            {{11, 35, 24, 1, 2}, {33, 6, 9, 30, 7}, {29, 14, 13, 0, 3}, {4, 39, 32, 27, 12}, {37, 5, 31, 17, 28}},
-
-            {{18, 47, 26, 19, 34},
-             {67, 79, 41, 58, 22},
-             {48, 15, 93, 10, 50},
-             {38, 65, 40, 51, 23},
-             {63, 8, 45, 25, 74}},
-
-            {{21, 54, 88, 61, 43},
-             {77, 82, 117, 86, 72},
-             {49, 20, 111, 42, 81},
-             {53, 97, 44, 68, 62},
-             {78, 16, 57, 36, 84}},
-
-            {{46, 94, 109, 107, 59},
-             {112, 91, 124, 101, 106},
-             {123, 56, 113, 83, 105},
-             {64, 102, 110, 80, 70},
-             {95, 103, 100, 66, 89}},
-
-            {{52, 73, 108, 75, 71},
-             {92, 121, 120, 99, 90},
-             {96, 87, 114, 98, 85},
-             {69, 119, 115, 104, 76},
-             {116, 60, 122, 55, 118}}};
+            {{8, 21, 0, 13, 11}, {7, 31, 18, 19, 28}, {10, 1, 33, 25, 9}, {23, 16, 29, 15, 5}, {6, 3, 12, 27, 17}},
+
+            {{69, 34, 4, 44, 47},
+             {57, 41, 37, 36, 56},
+             {85, 2, 42, 26, 14},
+             {24, 79, 39, 30, 45},
+             {20, 22, 32, 50, 70}},
+
+            {{71, 67, 43, 60, 65},
+             {59, 48, 40, 38, 62},
+             {92, 78, 52, 83, 49},
+             {63, 81, 66, 91, 82},
+             {35, 94, 53, 54, 105}},
+
+            {{74, 108, 96, 114, 113},
+             {117, 55, 87, 46, 119},
+             {93, 121, 72, 84, 95},
+             {73, 118, 68, 109, 89},
+             {51, 116, 77, 90, 106}},
+
+            {{110, 75, 107, 64, 86},
+             {99, 102, 76, 58, 122},
+             {97, 120, 111, 103, 61},
+             {124, 101, 115, 104, 98},
+             {88, 123, 80, 100, 112}}};
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, 4, 1)
         xarray<long> py_p1 = {
-            {{4, 5, 44, 27, 12},
-             {29, 14, 57, 25, 50},
-             {33, 65, 9, 61, 71},
-             {46, 73, 109, 83, 84},
-             {63, 82, 114, 86, 90}},
-
-            {{64, 20, 13, 17, 3},
-             {21, 60, 26, 42, 28},
-             {77, 94, 40, 75, 43},
-             {78, 102, 45, 80, 62},
-             {123, 121, 124, 99, 106}},
-
-            {{48, 8, 24, 36, 76},
-             {52, 54, 31, 98, 34},
-             {53, 87, 93, 101, 7},
-             {67, 91, 110, 104, 105},
-             {116, 119, 120, 107, 118}},
-
-            {{38, 39, 32, 0, 70},
-             {11, 47, 88, 1, 59},
-             {49, 6, 41, 30, 22},
-             {95, 56, 100, 51, 81},
-             {112, 103, 113, 66, 89}},
-
-            {{18, 15, 108, 10, 23},
-             {37, 16, 111, 19, 2},
-             {69, 35, 115, 55, 72},
-             {92, 79, 117, 58, 74},
-             {96, 97, 122, 68, 85}}};
+            {{10, 31, 32, 91, 62},
+             {20, 67, 33, 50, 14},
+             {23, 78, 40, 46, 86},
+             {110, 101, 43, 103, 89},
+             {117, 123, 66, 114, 106}},
+
+            {{63, 2, 42, 30, 5},
+             {35, 3, 53, 25, 9},
+             {59, 55, 76, 19, 65},
+             {69, 79, 96, 64, 105},
+             {92, 108, 115, 90, 119}},
+
+            {{7, 1, 39, 36, 45},
+             {6, 21, 0, 26, 17},
+             {71, 81, 37, 44, 28},
+             {73, 102, 72, 100, 47},
+             {97, 116, 80, 109, 49}},
+
+            {{24, 41, 4, 15, 82},
+             {51, 34, 52, 13, 70},
+             {57, 94, 68, 27, 56},
+             {74, 118, 77, 38, 95},
+             {93, 121, 87, 84, 113}},
+
+            {{8, 16, 29, 58, 11},
+             {85, 22, 12, 54, 61},
+             {88, 48, 18, 60, 98},
+             {99, 75, 107, 83, 112},
+             {124, 120, 111, 104, 122}}};
         // py_p2 = np.partition(a, 3, 2)
         xarray<long> py_p2 = {
-            {{61, 46, 71, 73, 109},
-             {9, 33, 82, 86, 90},
-             {14, 29, 50, 83, 114},
-             {4, 12, 27, 44, 65},
-             {25, 57, 5, 63, 84}},
-
-            {{21, 26, 43, 75, 94},
-             {99, 77, 106, 121, 124},
-             {3, 13, 20, 42, 123},
-             {40, 62, 64, 80, 102},
-             {17, 28, 45, 60, 78}},
-
-            {{24, 34, 52, 54, 107},
-             {7, 67, 91, 101, 120},
-             {87, 48, 93, 98, 105},
-             {53, 76, 104, 110, 119},
-             {36, 31, 8, 116, 118}},
-
-            {{1, 11, 47, 59, 88},
-             {30, 22, 6, 41, 112},
-             {0, 49, 56, 81, 113},
-             {32, 38, 39, 51, 70},
-             {66, 89, 95, 100, 103}},
-
-            {{2, 18, 19, 35, 108},
-             {58, 72, 79, 92, 117},
-             {10, 85, 15, 96, 111},
-             {68, 23, 69, 97, 115},
-             {55, 37, 16, 74, 122}}};
+            {{67, 43, 86, 110, 114},
+             {46, 40, 31, 62, 117},
+             {10, 14, 33, 78, 103},
+             {23, 66, 89, 91, 101},
+             {20, 32, 50, 106, 123}},
+
+            {{64, 65, 69, 96, 108},
+             {19, 59, 55, 76, 119},
+             {25, 9, 2, 42, 92},
+             {30, 5, 63, 79, 115},
+             {3, 35, 53, 90, 105}},
+
+            {{44, 0, 21, 47, 71},
+             {7, 28, 36, 37, 102},
+             {26, 49, 1, 72, 97},
+             {39, 45, 73, 81, 109},
+             {6, 17, 80, 100, 116}},
+
+            {{13, 4, 34, 74, 113},
+             {38, 56, 41, 57, 87},
+             {84, 52, 93, 95, 121},
+             {15, 24, 68, 82, 118},
+             {27, 51, 70, 77, 94}},
+
+            {{8, 11, 60, 75, 107},
+             {58, 18, 48, 99, 122},
+             {83, 61, 85, 111, 120},
+             {16, 29, 98, 104, 124},
+             {54, 12, 22, 88, 112}}};
 
         auto p0 = xt::partition(py_a, 2, 0);
         auto p1 = xt::partition(py_a, 4, 1);
@@ -355,37 +894,37 @@ namespace xt
 
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, 2, 0)
         xarray<long> py_a0 = {
-            {{3, 4, 2, 3, 4}, {0, 3, 0, 3, 2}, {0, 0, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 3, 3, 0, 0}, {4, 0, 2, 1, 1}},
+            {{4, 2, 2, 3, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 1, 2}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 1}, {0, 4, 4, 3, 1}, {2, 1, 4, 3, 2}},
 
-            {{4, 3, 1, 4, 2}, {2, 4, 3, 4, 3}, {2, 4, 2, 4, 0}, {3, 0, 1, 3, 4}, {0, 2, 1, 0, 4}},
+            {{1, 3, 3, 2, 2}, {3, 3, 2, 2, 3}, {4, 1, 1, 2, 0}, {3, 1, 2, 1, 2}, {0, 4, 0, 0, 3}},
 
-            {{1, 2, 3, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 4, 0, 4}, {3, 1, 4, 1, 3}, {2, 4, 0, 4, 1}, {1, 4, 0, 2, 0}},
+            {{2, 0, 0, 4, 1}, {1, 4, 0, 3, 0}, {1, 0, 3, 4, 2}, {1, 2, 0, 0, 3}, {1, 3, 1, 4, 1}},
 
-            {{0, 1, 0, 2, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 2, 1}, {1, 3, 3, 0, 2}, {1, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 3, 3}},
+            {{3, 1, 1, 0, 3}, {0, 1, 3, 0, 1}, {3, 3, 2, 3, 3}, {2, 3, 3, 2, 0}, {3, 2, 3, 1, 0}},
 
-            {{2, 0, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 1, 2, 1, 0}, {4, 2, 0, 2, 4}, {4, 2, 4, 2, 2}, {2, 1, 4, 4, 2}}};
+            {{0, 4, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 2, 1, 4, 4}, {2, 4, 4, 0, 4}, {4, 0, 1, 4, 4}, {4, 0, 2, 2, 4}}};
         // py_a1 = np.argpartition(a, 4, 1)
         xarray<long> py_a1 = {
-            {{3, 4, 3, 3, 3}, {2, 2, 4, 4, 2}, {1, 3, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 2, 4}, {4, 1, 2, 1, 1}},
+            {{2, 1, 4, 3, 1}, {4, 0, 2, 4, 2}, {3, 2, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 3, 0, 2, 3}, {1, 4, 3, 0, 4}},
 
-            {{3, 2, 2, 4, 2}, {0, 4, 0, 2, 4}, {1, 0, 3, 0, 0}, {4, 3, 4, 3, 3}, {2, 1, 1, 1, 1}},
+            {{3, 2, 2, 3, 3}, {4, 4, 4, 2, 2}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 3, 0, 0, 4}, {2, 0, 3, 4, 1}},
 
-            {{2, 4, 0, 4, 3}, {0, 0, 4, 2, 0}, {3, 2, 2, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 3, 2}, {4, 3, 1, 0, 4}},
+            {{1, 2, 3, 1, 3}, {4, 0, 0, 2, 4}, {0, 3, 1, 0, 1}, {3, 1, 2, 4, 0}, {2, 4, 4, 3, 2}},
 
-            {{3, 3, 3, 2, 3}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {2, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {4, 2, 4, 3, 2}, {1, 4, 2, 4, 4}},
+            {{3, 1, 0, 3, 3}, {4, 0, 2, 0, 4}, {1, 4, 3, 4, 1}, {0, 3, 4, 1, 2}, {2, 2, 1, 2, 0}},
 
-            {{0, 2, 0, 2, 3}, {4, 4, 2, 0, 0}, {3, 0, 3, 4, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 4}, {2, 3, 4, 3, 2}}};
+            {{0, 3, 3, 1, 0}, {2, 4, 4, 4, 2}, {4, 1, 1, 0, 3}, {1, 0, 0, 2, 4}, {3, 2, 2, 3, 1}}};
         // py_a2 = np.argpartition(a, 3, 2)
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {
-            {{3, 0, 4, 1, 2}, {2, 0, 1, 3, 4}, {1, 0, 4, 3, 2}, {0, 4, 3, 2, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}},
+            {{1, 2, 4, 0, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 4, 0}, {0, 4, 2, 1, 3}, {0, 2, 4, 3, 1}, {0, 2, 3, 4, 1}},
 
-            {{0, 2, 4, 3, 1}, {3, 0, 4, 1, 2}, {4, 2, 1, 3, 0}, {2, 4, 0, 3, 1}, {3, 4, 2, 1, 0}},
+            {{3, 4, 0, 2, 1}, {3, 0, 1, 2, 4}, {3, 4, 1, 2, 0}, {3, 4, 0, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 2, 3, 4}},
 
-            {{2, 4, 0, 1, 3}, {4, 0, 1, 3, 2}, {1, 0, 2, 3, 4}, {0, 4, 3, 2, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}},
+            {{3, 2, 1, 4, 0}, {0, 4, 3, 2, 1}, {3, 4, 1, 2, 0}, {2, 4, 0, 1, 3}, {0, 4, 2, 3, 1}},
 
-            {{3, 0, 1, 4, 2}, {3, 4, 1, 2, 0}, {3, 0, 1, 4, 2}, {2, 0, 1, 3, 4}, {3, 4, 0, 2, 1}},
+            {{3, 2, 1, 0, 4}, {3, 4, 1, 0, 2}, {3, 2, 0, 4, 1}, {3, 0, 2, 4, 1}, {3, 0, 4, 2, 1}},
 
-            {{4, 0, 3, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 1, 0, 2}, {3, 4, 1, 0, 2}, {3, 4, 0, 1, 2}, {3, 0, 1, 4, 2}}};
+            {{0, 4, 3, 1, 2}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}, {3, 4, 0, 2, 1}, {1, 2, 4, 3, 0}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}}};
 
         auto a0 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 2, 0);
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 4, 1);
@@ -403,125 +942,125 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a
         xarray<long> py_a = {
-            {{55, 76, 33, 103, 60},
-             {2, 10, 9, 100, 67},
-             {75, 71, 40, 80, 108},
-             {78, 37, 89, 54, 74},
-             {0, 90, 11, 106, 73}},
-
-            {{20, 28, 72, 30, 63},
-             {81, 27, 97, 88, 18},
-             {39, 77, 68, 34, 29},
-             {70, 114, 3, 83, 4},
-             {101, 43, 69, 87, 119}},
-
-            {{93, 123, 122, 82, 51},
-             {48, 58, 61, 99, 79},
-             {50, 21, 109, 117, 95},
-             {91, 14, 13, 15, 7},
-             {64, 19, 44, 35, 56}},
-
-            {{6, 111, 12, 110, 102},
-             {49, 25, 41, 38, 47},
-             {42, 8, 105, 16, 1},
-             {26, 65, 22, 85, 46},
-             {107, 118, 115, 120, 57}},
-
-            {{53, 113, 24, 17, 66},
-             {32, 86, 31, 84, 62},
-             {96, 59, 121, 94, 52},
-             {124, 112, 92, 23, 36},
-             {104, 98, 5, 116, 45}}};
+            {{87, 38, 85, 104, 100},
+             {69, 50, 60, 108, 42},
+             {19, 113, 66, 122, 54},
+             {81, 31, 109, 111, 78},
+             {43, 93, 6, 105, 1}},
+
+            {{98, 110, 97, 3, 77},
+             {61, 44, 118, 8, 123},
+             {52, 96, 18, 39, 112},
+             {41, 36, 22, 119, 37},
+             {51, 121, 107, 88, 94}},
+
+            {{79, 47, 20, 120, 80},
+             {92, 33, 70, 82, 67},
+             {90, 58, 21, 84, 99},
+             {25, 10, 124, 17, 64},
+             {114, 4, 29, 55, 9}},
+
+            {{65, 24, 46, 68, 5},
+             {34, 45, 12, 28, 76},
+             {83, 32, 72, 16, 62},
+             {26, 63, 40, 106, 103},
+             {49, 59, 57, 102, 89}},
+
+            {{35, 91, 7, 27, 23},
+             {75, 101, 71, 115, 95},
+             {73, 11, 74, 56, 86},
+             {15, 2, 117, 53, 116},
+             {0, 30, 14, 13, 48}}};
 
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, (1, 2), 0)
         xarray<long> py_p0 = {
-            {{6, 28, 12, 17, 51}, {2, 10, 9, 38, 18}, {39, 8, 40, 16, 1}, {26, 14, 3, 15, 4}, {0, 19, 5, 35, 45}},
-
-            {{20, 76, 24, 30, 60},
-             {32, 25, 31, 84, 47},
-             {42, 21, 68, 34, 29},
-             {70, 37, 13, 23, 7},
-             {64, 43, 11, 87, 56}},
-
-            {{53, 111, 33, 82, 63},
-             {48, 27, 41, 88, 62},
-             {50, 59, 105, 80, 52},
-             {78, 65, 22, 54, 36},
-             {101, 90, 44, 106, 57}},
-
-            {{55, 123, 122, 110, 102},
-             {49, 58, 61, 100, 67},
-             {75, 71, 109, 117, 108},
-             {91, 114, 89, 85, 46},
-             {107, 118, 115, 120, 119}},
-
-            {{93, 113, 72, 103, 66},
-             {81, 86, 97, 99, 79},
-             {96, 77, 121, 94, 95},
-             {124, 112, 92, 83, 74},
-             {104, 98, 69, 116, 73}}};
+            {{35, 24, 7, 3, 5}, {34, 33, 12, 8, 42}, {19, 11, 18, 16, 54}, {15, 2, 22, 17, 37}, {0, 4, 6, 13, 1}},
+
+            {{65, 38, 20, 27, 23},
+             {61, 44, 60, 28, 67},
+             {52, 32, 21, 39, 62},
+             {25, 10, 40, 53, 64},
+             {43, 30, 14, 55, 9}},
+
+            {{79, 47, 46, 68, 77},
+             {69, 45, 70, 82, 76},
+             {73, 58, 66, 56, 86},
+             {26, 31, 109, 106, 78},
+             {49, 59, 29, 88, 48}},
+
+            {{98, 110, 97, 120, 100},
+             {92, 50, 118, 108, 123},
+             {83, 96, 72, 122, 112},
+             {41, 63, 124, 111, 103},
+             {114, 93, 57, 102, 89}},
+
+            {{87, 91, 85, 104, 80},
+             {75, 101, 71, 115, 95},
+             {90, 113, 74, 84, 99},
+             {81, 36, 117, 119, 116},
+             {51, 121, 107, 105, 94}}};
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, (1, 4), 1)
         xarray<long> py_p1 = {
-            {{0, 10, 9, 54, 60},
-             {2, 37, 11, 80, 67},
-             {55, 71, 33, 100, 73},
-             {75, 76, 40, 103, 74},
-             {78, 90, 89, 106, 108}},
-
-            {{20, 27, 3, 30, 4},
-             {39, 28, 68, 34, 18},
-             {70, 43, 69, 83, 29},
-             {81, 77, 72, 87, 63},
-             {101, 114, 97, 88, 119}},
-
-            {{48, 14, 13, 15, 7},
-             {50, 19, 44, 35, 51},
-             {64, 21, 61, 82, 56},
-             {91, 58, 109, 99, 79},
-             {93, 123, 122, 117, 95}},
-
-            {{6, 8, 12, 16, 1},
-             {26, 25, 22, 38, 46},
-             {42, 65, 41, 85, 47},
-             {49, 111, 105, 110, 57},
-             {107, 118, 115, 120, 102}},
-
-            {{32, 59, 5, 17, 36},
-             {53, 86, 24, 23, 45},
-             {96, 98, 31, 84, 52},
-             {104, 112, 92, 94, 62},
-             {124, 113, 121, 116, 66}}};
+            {{19, 31, 6, 104, 1},
+             {43, 38, 60, 105, 42},
+             {69, 50, 66, 108, 54},
+             {81, 93, 85, 111, 78},
+             {87, 113, 109, 122, 100}},
+
+            {{41, 36, 18, 3, 37},
+             {51, 44, 22, 8, 77},
+             {52, 96, 97, 39, 94},
+             {61, 110, 107, 88, 112},
+             {98, 121, 118, 119, 123}},
+
+            {{25, 4, 20, 17, 9},
+             {79, 10, 21, 55, 64},
+             {90, 33, 29, 82, 67},
+             {92, 47, 70, 84, 80},
+             {114, 58, 124, 120, 99}},
+
+            {{26, 24, 12, 16, 5},
+             {34, 32, 40, 28, 62},
+             {49, 45, 46, 68, 76},
+             {65, 59, 57, 102, 89},
+             {83, 63, 72, 106, 103}},
+
+            {{0, 2, 7, 13, 23},
+             {15, 11, 14, 27, 48},
+             {35, 30, 71, 53, 86},
+             {73, 91, 74, 56, 95},
+             {75, 101, 117, 115, 116}}};
         // py_p2 = np.partition(a, (1, 3), 2)
         xarray<long> py_p2 = {
-            {{33, 55, 60, 76, 103},
-             {2, 9, 10, 67, 100},
-             {40, 71, 75, 80, 108},
-             {37, 54, 74, 78, 89},
-             {0, 11, 73, 90, 106}},
-
-            {{20, 28, 30, 63, 72},
-             {18, 27, 81, 88, 97},
-             {29, 34, 39, 68, 77},
-             {3, 4, 70, 83, 114},
-             {43, 69, 87, 101, 119}},
-
-            {{51, 82, 93, 122, 123},
-             {48, 58, 61, 79, 99},
-             {21, 50, 95, 109, 117},
-             {7, 13, 14, 15, 91},
-             {19, 35, 44, 56, 64}},
-
-            {{6, 12, 102, 110, 111},
-             {25, 38, 41, 47, 49},
-             {1, 8, 16, 42, 105},
-             {22, 26, 46, 65, 85},
-             {57, 107, 115, 118, 120}},
-
-            {{17, 24, 53, 66, 113},
-             {31, 32, 62, 84, 86},
-             {52, 59, 94, 96, 121},
-             {23, 36, 92, 112, 124},
-             {5, 45, 98, 104, 116}}};
+            {{38, 85, 87, 100, 104},
+             {42, 50, 60, 69, 108},
+             {19, 54, 66, 113, 122},
+             {31, 78, 81, 109, 111},
+             {1, 6, 43, 93, 105}},
+
+            {{3, 77, 97, 98, 110},
+             {8, 44, 61, 118, 123},
+             {18, 39, 52, 96, 112},
+             {22, 36, 37, 41, 119},
+             {51, 88, 94, 107, 121}},
+
+            {{20, 47, 79, 80, 120},
+             {33, 67, 70, 82, 92},
+             {21, 58, 84, 90, 99},
+             {10, 17, 25, 64, 124},
+             {4, 9, 29, 55, 114}},
+
+            {{5, 24, 46, 65, 68},
+             {12, 28, 34, 45, 76},
+             {16, 32, 62, 72, 83},
+             {26, 40, 63, 103, 106},
+             {49, 57, 59, 89, 102}},
+
+            {{7, 23, 27, 35, 91},
+             {71, 75, 95, 101, 115},
+             {11, 56, 73, 74, 86},
+             {2, 15, 53, 116, 117},
+             {0, 13, 14, 30, 48}}};
 
         auto p0 = xt::partition(py_a, {1, 2}, 0);
         auto p1 = xt::partition(py_a, {1, 4}, 1);
@@ -537,37 +1076,37 @@ namespace xt
 
         // py_a0 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 2), 0)
         xarray<long> py_a0 = {
-            {{3, 1, 3, 4, 2}, {0, 0, 0, 3, 1}, {1, 3, 0, 3, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 4, 2, 4}},
+            {{4, 3, 4, 1, 3}, {3, 2, 3, 1, 0}, {0, 4, 1, 3, 0}, {4, 4, 1, 2, 1}, {4, 2, 0, 4, 0}},
 
-            {{1, 0, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 3, 4, 4, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 4, 2}, {2, 1, 0, 1, 2}},
+            {{3, 0, 2, 4, 4}, {1, 1, 0, 3, 2}, {1, 3, 2, 1, 3}, {2, 2, 3, 4, 2}, {0, 4, 4, 2, 2}},
 
-            {{4, 3, 0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 3, 1, 4}, {2, 4, 3, 0, 4}, {0, 3, 3, 0, 4}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3}},
+            {{2, 2, 3, 3, 1}, {0, 3, 2, 2, 3}, {4, 2, 0, 4, 4}, {3, 0, 0, 3, 0}, {3, 3, 2, 1, 4}},
 
-            {{0, 2, 2, 3, 3}, {3, 2, 2, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 2, 2, 0}, {2, 1, 0, 3, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 3, 1}},
+            {{1, 1, 1, 2, 0}, {2, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {3, 1, 3, 0, 1}, {1, 3, 2, 0, 3}, {2, 0, 3, 3, 3}},
 
-            {{2, 4, 1, 0, 4}, {1, 4, 1, 2, 2}, {4, 1, 4, 4, 2}, {4, 4, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 4, 1, 4, 0}}};
+            {{0, 4, 0, 0, 2}, {4, 4, 4, 4, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 4, 1, 4}, {1, 1, 1, 0, 1}}};
         // py_a1 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 4), 1)
         xarray<long> py_a1 = {
-            {{4, 1, 1, 3, 0}, {1, 3, 4, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 4}, {2, 0, 2, 0, 3}, {3, 4, 3, 4, 2}},
+            {{2, 3, 4, 0, 4}, {4, 0, 1, 4, 1}, {1, 1, 2, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 0, 3, 3}, {0, 2, 3, 2, 0}},
 
-            {{0, 1, 3, 0, 3}, {2, 0, 2, 2, 1}, {3, 4, 4, 3, 2}, {1, 2, 0, 4, 0}, {4, 3, 1, 1, 4}},
+            {{3, 3, 2, 0, 3}, {4, 1, 3, 1, 0}, {2, 2, 0, 2, 4}, {1, 0, 4, 4, 2}, {0, 4, 1, 3, 1}},
 
-            {{1, 3, 3, 3, 3}, {2, 4, 4, 4, 0}, {4, 2, 1, 0, 4}, {3, 1, 2, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 2, 2}},
+            {{3, 4, 0, 3, 4}, {0, 3, 2, 4, 3}, {2, 1, 4, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 2, 0}, {4, 2, 3, 0, 2}},
 
-            {{0, 2, 0, 2, 2}, {3, 1, 3, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1, 3, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 4}, {4, 4, 4, 4, 0}},
+            {{3, 0, 1, 2, 0}, {1, 2, 3, 1, 2}, {4, 1, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 4, 4, 4, 4}, {2, 3, 2, 3, 3}},
 
-            {{1, 2, 4, 0, 3}, {0, 1, 0, 3, 4}, {2, 4, 1, 1, 2}, {4, 3, 3, 2, 1}, {3, 0, 2, 4, 0}}};
+            {{4, 3, 0, 4, 0}, {3, 2, 4, 0, 4}, {0, 4, 1, 3, 2}, {2, 0, 2, 2, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 1, 3}}};
         // py_a2 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 3), 2)
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {
-            {{2, 0, 4, 1, 3}, {0, 2, 1, 4, 3}, {2, 1, 0, 3, 4}, {1, 3, 4, 0, 2}, {0, 2, 4, 1, 3}},
+            {{1, 2, 0, 4, 3}, {4, 1, 2, 0, 3}, {0, 4, 2, 1, 3}, {1, 4, 0, 2, 3}, {4, 2, 0, 1, 3}},
 
-            {{0, 1, 3, 4, 2}, {4, 1, 0, 3, 2}, {4, 3, 0, 2, 1}, {2, 4, 0, 3, 1}, {1, 2, 3, 0, 4}},
+            {{3, 4, 2, 0, 1}, {3, 1, 0, 2, 4}, {2, 3, 0, 1, 4}, {2, 1, 4, 0, 3}, {0, 3, 4, 2, 1}},
 
-            {{4, 3, 0, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 2, 4, 3}, {1, 0, 4, 2, 3}, {4, 2, 1, 3, 0}, {1, 3, 2, 4, 0}},
+            {{2, 1, 0, 4, 3}, {1, 4, 2, 3, 0}, {2, 1, 3, 0, 4}, {1, 3, 0, 4, 2}, {1, 4, 2, 3, 0}},
 
-            {{0, 2, 4, 3, 1}, {1, 3, 2, 4, 0}, {4, 1, 3, 0, 2}, {2, 0, 4, 1, 3}, {4, 0, 2, 1, 3}},
+            {{4, 1, 2, 0, 3}, {2, 3, 0, 1, 4}, {3, 1, 4, 2, 0}, {0, 2, 1, 4, 3}, {0, 2, 1, 4, 3}},
 
-            {{3, 2, 0, 4, 1}, {2, 0, 4, 3, 1}, {4, 1, 3, 0, 2}, {3, 4, 2, 1, 0}, {2, 4, 1, 0, 3}}};
+            {{2, 4, 3, 0, 1}, {2, 0, 4, 1, 3}, {1, 3, 0, 2, 4}, {1, 0, 3, 4, 2}, {0, 3, 2, 1, 4}}};
 
         auto a0 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 2}, 0);
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 4}, 1);

From 9267e5e5de2928c9f402c98a3481705ff6879823 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 16:26:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 409/606] West align const

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 34 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 test/test_xsort.cpp       |  6 +++---
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 8d4d281f6..99bf4ee7f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -788,11 +788,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         template <class S, class I, class K, class O>
         inline void select_indices_impl(
-            S const& shape,
-            I const& indices,
+            const S& shape,
+            const I& indices,
             std::size_t axis,
             std::size_t current_dim,
-            K const& current_index,
+            const K& current_index,
             O& out
         )
         {
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class S, class I>
-        inline auto select_indices(S const& shape, I const& indices, std::size_t axis)
+        inline auto select_indices(const S& shape, const I& indices, std::size_t axis)
         {
             using index_type = get_strides_t<S>;
             auto out = std::vector<index_type>();
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ namespace xt
         // TODO remove when fancy index views are implemented
         // Poor man's indexing along a single axis as in NumPy a[:, [1, 3, 4]]
         template <class E, class I>
-        inline auto fancy_indexing(E&& e, I const& indices, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
+        inline auto fancy_indexing(E&& e, const I& indices, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
         {
             std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
             using shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
@@ -860,24 +860,24 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class T, class I, class P>
-        inline auto quantile_kth_gamma(std::size_t n, P const& probas, T alpha, T beta)
+        inline auto quantile_kth_gamma(std::size_t n, const P& probas, T alpha, T beta)
         {
-            auto const m = alpha + probas * (T(1) - alpha - beta);
+            const auto m = alpha + probas * (T(1) - alpha - beta);
             // Evaluting since reused a lot
-            auto const p_n_m = eval(probas * static_cast<T>(n) + m - 1);
+            const auto p_n_m = eval(probas * static_cast<T>(n) + m - 1);
             // Previous (virtual) index, may be out of bounds
-            auto const j = floor(p_n_m);
-            auto const j_jp1 = concatenate(xtuple(j, j + 1));
+            const auto j = floor(p_n_m);
+            const auto j_jp1 = concatenate(xtuple(j, j + 1));
             // Both interpolation indices, k and k+1
-            auto const k_kp1 = xt::cast<std::size_t>(clip(j_jp1, T(0), T(n - 1)));
+            const auto k_kp1 = xt::cast<std::size_t>(clip(j_jp1, T(0), T(n - 1)));
             // Both interpolation coefficients, 1-gamma and gamma
-            auto const omg_g = concatenate(xtuple(T(1) - (p_n_m - j), p_n_m - j));
+            const auto omg_g = concatenate(xtuple(T(1) - (p_n_m - j), p_n_m - j));
             return std::make_pair(eval(k_kp1), eval(omg_g));
         }
 
         // TODO should implement unsqueeze rather
         template <class S>
-        inline auto unsqueeze_shape(S const& shape, std::size_t axis)
+        inline auto unsqueeze_shape(const S& shape, std::size_t axis)
         {
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(axis <= shape.size());
             auto new_shape = xtl::forward_sequence<xt::svector<std::size_t>, decltype(shape)>(shape);
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile
      */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
-    inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, const P& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
     {
         // Check inputs
         if (any((probas < 0.) || (1. < probas)))
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @see xt::quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
      */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
-    inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, T alpha, T beta)
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, const P& probas, T alpha, T beta)
     {
         return quantile(xt::ravel(std::forward<E>(e)), probas, 0, alpha, beta);
     }
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
     inline auto
-    quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
+    quantile(E&& e, const P& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
     {
         T alpha = 0.;
         T beta = 0.;
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @see xt::quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, xt::quantile_method method)
      */
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
-    inline auto quantile(E&& e, P const& probas, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
+    inline auto quantile(E&& e, const P& probas, quantile_method method = quantile_method::linear)
     {
         return quantile(xt::ravel(std::forward<E>(e)), probas, 0, method);
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index b7c2e9675..6b0e396f1 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xsort, quantile)
     {
-        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<4, 2, 2>> const data = {
+        const xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<4, 2, 2>> data = {
             {{3., 4.}, {2., 1.}},
             {{-1., 1.}, {3., 2.}},
             {{-9., -0.}, {-9., -3.}},
@@ -393,11 +393,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         {
             auto q = xt::quantile(data, {.3, .0, 1.});
-            xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3>> const expected = {0.5, -9., 12.};
+            const xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3>> expected = {0.5, -9., 12.};
             EXPECT_TRUE(xt::equal(q, expected)(0));
         }
 
-        xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 4, 2>> const expected1 = {
+        const xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 4, 2>> expected1 = {
             {{2.3, 1.9}, {0.2, 1.3}, {-9., -2.1}, {12., 12.}},
             {{2., 1.}, {-1., 1.}, {-9., -3.}, {12., 12.}},
             {{3., 4.}, {3., 2.}, {-9., 0.}, {12., 12.}},

From a9e8d9a549d575a4cb122e6e37aa586cc64d1e14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 16:27:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 410/606] Use qualifier alignment from clang-format

---
 .clang-format | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
index 0cbd93403..441969a1b 100644
--- a/.clang-format
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 0
 PenaltyExcessCharacter: 10
 PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
 PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 10
+QualifierAlignment: Custom  # Experimental
+QualifierOrder: [inline, static, constexpr, const, volatile, type]
 ReflowComments: true
 SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Always
 SortIncludes: CaseInsensitive

From b59bc0661714ce10203194092c0792a29d930b13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 16:32:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 411/606] Align qualifiers

---
 include/xtensor/xarray.hpp                  |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp                | 16 +++++------
 include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp           |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xexception.hpp              |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp                  | 32 ++++++++++-----------
 include/xtensor/xio.hpp                     |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp               |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp           |  6 ++--
 include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp            |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp                   |  6 ++--
 include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp                   |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp               | 12 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp                |  6 ++--
 include/xtensor/xshape.hpp                  | 10 +++----
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp                | 12 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp                | 10 +++----
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp                 |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp                  |  4 +--
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp                   | 14 ++++-----
 test/test_xindex_view.cpp                   |  4 +--
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp                 |  4 +--
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                          |  4 +--
 test/test_xreducer.cpp                      |  2 +-
 test/test_xrepeat.cpp                       |  2 +-
 25 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
index a8590e169..996daeb9d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_backstrides_type = typename base_type::inner_backstrides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
-        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
+        static constexpr std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         xarray_container();
         explicit xarray_container(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l = L);
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ namespace xt
         using backstrides_type = typename base_type::backstrides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
-        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
+        static constexpr std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         xarray_adaptor(storage_type&& storage);
         xarray_adaptor(const storage_type& storage);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
index edcf31f79..1e9074e23 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ namespace xt
         struct complex_helper
         {
             template <class E>
-            static inline auto real(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static auto real(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 using real_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type::value_type;
                 return xoffset_view<xclosure_t<E>, real_type, 0>(std::forward<E>(e));
             }
 
             template <class E>
-            static inline auto imag(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static auto imag(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 using real_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type::value_type;
                 return xoffset_view<xclosure_t<E>, real_type, sizeof(real_type)>(std::forward<E>(e));
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ namespace xt
         struct complex_helper<false>
         {
             template <class E>
-            static inline decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 return std::forward<E>(e);
             }
 
             template <class E>
-            static inline auto imag(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static auto imag(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 return zeros<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>(e.shape());
             }
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct complex_expression_helper
         {
             template <class E>
-            static inline decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 return detail::complex_helper<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>::value>::real(
                     std::forward<E>(e)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class E>
-            static inline decltype(auto) imag(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static decltype(auto) imag(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 return detail::complex_helper<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type>::value>::imag(
                     std::forward<E>(e)
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ namespace xt
         struct complex_expression_helper<false>
         {
             template <class E>
-            static inline decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static decltype(auto) real(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 return xtl::forward_real(std::forward<E>(e));
             }
 
             template <class E>
-            static inline decltype(auto) imag(E&& e) noexcept
+            inline static decltype(auto) imag(E&& e) noexcept
             {
                 return xtl::forward_imag(std::forward<E>(e));
             }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
index 574cb655e..c929c09ae 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_backstrides_type = inner_shape_type;
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ == 8
-        constexpr static auto
+        static constexpr auto
             random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_data_iface = has_data_interface<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
-        constexpr static auto
+        static constexpr auto
             random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_has_strides = has_strides<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
index 30e1287af..68befd397 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class A, class D>
     inline void check_axis_in_dim(A axis, D dim, const char* subject = "Axis")
     {
-        auto const sdim = static_cast<std::make_signed_t<D>>(dim);
+        const auto sdim = static_cast<std::make_signed_t<D>>(dim);
         if (xtl::cmp_greater_equal(axis, dim) || xtl::cmp_less(axis, -sdim))
         {
             XTENSOR_THROW(
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 36859bd4b..4fbac1c2e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -99,33 +99,33 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t I, std::size_t Y, std::size_t... X>
         struct calculate_stride<layout_type::column_major, I, Y, X...>
         {
-            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = Y
+            static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t value = Y
                                                     * calculate_stride<layout_type::column_major, I - 1, X...>::value;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t Y, std::size_t... X>
         struct calculate_stride<layout_type::column_major, 0, Y, X...>
         {
-            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = 1;
+            static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t value = 1;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t I, std::size_t... X>
         struct calculate_stride_row_major
         {
-            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = at<sizeof...(X) - I, X...>::value
+            static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t value = at<sizeof...(X) - I, X...>::value
                                                     * calculate_stride_row_major<I - 1, X...>::value;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t... X>
         struct calculate_stride_row_major<0, X...>
         {
-            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = 1;
+            static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t value = 1;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t I, std::size_t... X>
         struct calculate_stride<layout_type::row_major, I, X...>
         {
-            constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = calculate_stride_row_major<sizeof...(X) - I - 1, X...>::value;
+            static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t value = calculate_stride_row_major<sizeof...(X) - I - 1, X...>::value;
         };
 
         namespace workaround
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ namespace xt
             template <layout_type L, size_t I, size_t... X>
             struct computed_strides<L, I, std::index_sequence<X...>>
             {
-                constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t value = calculate_stride<L, I, X...>::value;
+                static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t value = calculate_stride<L, I, X...>::value;
             };
 
             template <layout_type L, size_t I, class SEQ>
@@ -173,20 +173,20 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t Y, std::size_t... X>
         struct fixed_compute_size_impl<Y, X...>
         {
-            constexpr static std::size_t value = Y * fixed_compute_size_impl<X...>::value;
+            static constexpr std::size_t value = Y * fixed_compute_size_impl<X...>::value;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t X>
         struct fixed_compute_size_impl<X>
         {
-            constexpr static std::size_t value = X;
+            static constexpr std::size_t value = X;
         };
 
         template <>
         struct fixed_compute_size_impl<>
         {
             // support for 0D xtensor fixed (empty shape = xshape<>)
-            constexpr static std::size_t value = 1;
+            static constexpr std::size_t value = 1;
         };
 
         // TODO unify with constexpr compute_size when dropping MSVC 2015
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t... X>
         struct fixed_compute_size<xt::fixed_shape<X...>>
         {
-            constexpr static std::size_t value = fixed_compute_size_impl<X...>::value;
+            static constexpr std::size_t value = fixed_compute_size_impl<X...>::value;
         };
 
         template <class V, std::size_t... X>
@@ -317,8 +317,8 @@ namespace xt
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
 
-        constexpr static std::size_t N = std::tuple_size<shape_type>::value;
-        constexpr static std::size_t rank = N;
+        static constexpr std::size_t N = std::tuple_size<shape_type>::value;
+        static constexpr std::size_t rank = N;
 
         xfixed_container() = default;
         xfixed_container(const value_type& v);
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ namespace xt
         void resize(ST&& shape, const strides_type& strides) const;
 
         template <class ST = std::array<std::size_t, N>>
-        auto const& reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout = L) const;
+        const auto& reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout = L) const;
 
         template <class ST>
         bool broadcast_shape(ST& s, bool reuse_cache = false) const;
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ namespace xt
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
 
-        constexpr static std::size_t N = S::size();
+        static constexpr std::size_t N = S::size();
 
         xfixed_adaptor(storage_type&& data);
         xfixed_adaptor(const storage_type& data);
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
     template <class ST>
-    inline auto const& xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout) const
+    inline const auto& xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout) const
     {
         if (!(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size()
               && layout == L))
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
     template <class ST>
-    inline auto const& xfixed_adaptor<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout) const
+    inline const auto& xfixed_adaptor<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::reshape(ST&& shape, layout_type layout) const
     {
         if (!(std::equal(shape.begin(), shape.end(), m_shape.begin()) && shape.size() == m_shape.size()
               && layout == L))
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
index ceaf50adf..93ee65528 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ namespace xt
 
                 size_type i = 0;
                 size_type elems_on_line = 0;
-                size_type const ewp2 = static_cast<size_type>(element_width) + size_type(2);
-                size_type const line_lim = static_cast<size_type>(std::floor(line_width / ewp2));
+                const size_type ewp2 = static_cast<size_type>(element_width) + size_type(2);
+                const size_type line_lim = static_cast<size_type>(std::floor(line_width / ewp2));
 
                 out << '{';
                 for (; i != size_type(view.shape()[0] - 1); ++i)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index 55ee46ce9..e077fa7e5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class C, bool is_const>
     inline void xindexed_stepper<C, is_const>::to_end(layout_type l)
     {
-        auto const& shape = p_e->shape();
+        const auto& shape = p_e->shape();
         std::transform(
             shape.cbegin(),
             shape.cend(),
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index c967ff69c..88749c060 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto moveaxis(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t src, std::ptrdiff_t dest)
     {
-        auto const dim = e.dimension();
+        const auto dim = e.dimension();
         check_axis_in_dim(src, dim, "Parameter src");
         check_axis_in_dim(dest, dim, "Parameter dest");
 
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ namespace xt
          */
 
         template <class To, class From, class S>
-        To roll(To to, From from, std::ptrdiff_t shift, std::size_t axis, S const& shape, std::size_t M)
+        To roll(To to, From from, std::ptrdiff_t shift, std::size_t axis, const S& shape, std::size_t M)
         {
             std::ptrdiff_t dim = std::ptrdiff_t(shape[M]);
             std::ptrdiff_t offset = std::accumulate(
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto roll(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t shift, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
     {
         auto cpy = empty_like(e);
-        auto const& shape = cpy.shape();
+        const auto& shape = cpy.shape();
         std::size_t saxis = static_cast<std::size_t>(axis);
         if (axis < 0)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
index f2afb2250..e40ca9c10 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class D, class M>
         xmasked_view(D&& data, M&& mask);
 
-        xmasked_view(xmasked_view const&) = default;
+        xmasked_view(const xmasked_view&) = default;
 
         size_type size() const noexcept;
         const inner_shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index ecc54d13e..1fe6c9f54 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1877,7 +1877,7 @@ namespace xt
             class D,
             class EVS,
             XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
-        inline auto mean(E&& e, X&& axes, D const& ddof, EVS es)
+        inline auto mean(E&& e, X&& axes, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
             // std::plus<double>.
@@ -2067,7 +2067,7 @@ namespace xt
         class D,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
         XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
-    inline auto variance(E&& e, D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
+    inline auto variance(E&& e, const D& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         auto cached_mean = mean<T>(e, es)();
         return detail::mean_noaxis<T>(square(std::forward<E>(e) - std::move(cached_mean)), ddof, es);
@@ -2209,7 +2209,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T = void, class E, class A, std::size_t N, class D, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS>
-    inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], D const& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
+    inline auto variance(E&& e, const A (&axes)[N], const D& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return variance<T>(
             std::forward<E>(e),
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
index 02a777f50..4a4790acd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ namespace xt
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
         using result_type = norm_type_t<std::decay_t<E>>;
 
-        auto reduce_func = [p](result_type const& r, value_type const& v)
+        auto reduce_func = [p](const result_type& r, const value_type& v)
         {
             return r + norm_lp_to_p(v, p);
         };
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
index d2ff8b67e..9a40d0906 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ namespace xt
             using flag_expression = decltype(ones<bool>(std::declval<T>().shape()));
 
             template <class U>
-            static inline U&& value(U&& arg)
+            inline static U&& value(U&& arg)
             {
                 return std::forward<U>(arg);
             }
 
             template <class U>
-            static inline flag_expression has_value(U&& arg)
+            inline static flag_expression has_value(U&& arg)
             {
                 return ones<bool>(arg.shape());
             }
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ namespace xt
             using flag_expression = xscalar<bool>;
 
             template <class U>
-            static inline U&& value(U&& arg)
+            inline static U&& value(U&& arg)
             {
                 return std::forward<U>(arg);
             }
 
             template <class U>
-            static inline flag_expression has_value(U&&)
+            inline static flag_expression has_value(U&&)
             {
                 return xscalar<bool>(true);
             }
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@ namespace xt
                 conditional_t<is_const, typename decay_type::const_flag_expression, typename decay_type::flag_expression>;
 
             template <class U>
-            static inline value_expression value(U&& arg)
+            inline static value_expression value(U&& arg)
             {
                 return arg.value();
             }
 
             template <class U>
-            static inline flag_expression has_value(U&& arg)
+            inline static flag_expression has_value(U&& arg)
             {
                 return arg.has_value();
             }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index f4a5f446e..33aea1991 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns the number of dimensions of the optional assembly.
      */
     template <class D>
-    inline auto constexpr xoptional_assembly_base<D>::dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
+    inline constexpr auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
         return value().dimension();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index 4a2829ccc..f3f76dba1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace xt
         using keep_dims = std::
             conditional_t<tuple_idx_of<xt::keep_dims_type, d_t>::value != -1, std::true_type, std::false_type>;
 
-        constexpr static bool has_initial_value = initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<d_t>::value;
+        static constexpr bool has_initial_value = initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<d_t>::value;
 
         R initial_value;
 
@@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t X, std::size_t... I>
         struct in
         {
-            constexpr static bool value = xtl::disjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, X == I>...>::value;
+            static constexpr bool value = xtl::disjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, X == I>...>::value;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t Z, class S1, class S2, class R>
@@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ namespace xt
     struct xreducer_shape_type<fixed_shape<I...>, std::array<I2, N2>, std::true_type>
     {
         template <std::size_t... X>
-        constexpr static auto get_type(std::index_sequence<X...>)
+        static constexpr auto get_type(std::index_sequence<X...>)
         {
             return fixed_shape<X...>{};
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
index a881c984c..247839f62 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
@@ -262,10 +262,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L, class S>
     struct select_layout
     {
-        constexpr static std::ptrdiff_t static_dimension = xt::static_dimension<S>::value;
-        constexpr static bool is_any = static_dimension != -1 && static_dimension <= 1
+        static constexpr std::ptrdiff_t static_dimension = xt::static_dimension<S>::value;
+        static constexpr bool is_any = static_dimension != -1 && static_dimension <= 1
                                        && L != layout_type::dynamic;
-        constexpr static layout_type value = is_any ? layout_type::any : L;
+        static constexpr layout_type value = is_any ? layout_type::any : L;
     };
 
     /*************************************
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t IDX, std::size_t... X>
         struct at
         {
-            constexpr static std::size_t arr[sizeof...(X)] = {X...};
-            constexpr static std::size_t value = (IDX < sizeof...(X)) ? arr[IDX] : 0;
+            static constexpr std::size_t arr[sizeof...(X)] = {X...};
+            static constexpr std::size_t value = (IDX < sizeof...(X)) ? arr[IDX] : 0;
         };
 
         template <class S1, class S2>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index 20be2920d..0c0932e71 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -627,13 +627,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         struct allocator_alignment
         {
-            constexpr static std::size_t value = 0;
+            static constexpr std::size_t value = 0;
         };
 
         template <class T, std::size_t A>
         struct allocator_alignment<xt_simd::aligned_allocator<T, A>>
         {
-            constexpr static std::size_t value = A;
+            static constexpr std::size_t value = A;
         };
     }
 
@@ -658,9 +658,9 @@ namespace xt
         using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
-        constexpr static std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value;
+        static constexpr std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value;
 #else
-        constexpr static std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value != 0
+        static constexpr std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value != 0
                                                      ? detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value
                                                      : alignof(T);
 #endif
@@ -1673,13 +1673,13 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = std::size_t;
         using const_iterator = typename cast_type::const_iterator;
 
-        constexpr static std::size_t size()
+        static constexpr std::size_t size()
         {
             return sizeof...(X);
         }
 
         template <std::size_t idx>
-        constexpr static auto get()
+        static constexpr auto get()
         {
             using tmp_cast_type = std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(X)>;
             return std::get<idx>(tmp_cast_type{X...});
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index cbb33330f..ae261e354 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct layout_data_offset
         {
             template <std::size_t dim, class S, class Arg, class... Args>
-            static inline auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept
+            inline static auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept
             {
                 return raw_data_offset<dim>(strides, arg, args...);
             }
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ namespace xt
             using self_type = layout_data_offset<layout_type::row_major, static_dim>;
 
             template <std::size_t dim, class S, class Arg>
-            static inline auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg) noexcept
+            inline static auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg) noexcept
             {
                 if (std::ptrdiff_t(dim) + 1 == static_dim)
                 {
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <std::size_t dim, class S, class Arg, class... Args>
-            static inline auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept
+            inline static auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept
             {
                 return arg * strides[dim] + self_type::template run<dim + 1>(strides, args...);
             }
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ namespace xt
             using self_type = layout_data_offset<layout_type::column_major, static_dim>;
 
             template <std::size_t dim, class S, class Arg>
-            static inline auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg) noexcept
+            inline static auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg) noexcept
             {
                 if (dim == 0)
                 {
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <std::size_t dim, class S, class Arg, class... Args>
-            static inline auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept
+            inline static auto run(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept
             {
                 if (dim == 0)
                 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index 70ade1458..b8bfe3654 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_strides_type = typename base_type::inner_strides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
-        constexpr static std::size_t rank = N;
+        static constexpr std::size_t rank = N;
 
         xtensor_container();
         xtensor_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ namespace xt
         using backstrides_type = typename base_type::backstrides_type;
         using temporary_type = typename semantic_base::temporary_type;
         using expression_tag = Tag;
-        constexpr static std::size_t rank = N;
+        static constexpr std::size_t rank = N;
 
         xtensor_adaptor(storage_type&& storage);
         xtensor_adaptor(const storage_type& storage);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 3a7223410..137d0e70e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -947,13 +947,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, typename = void>
     struct get_rank
     {
-        constexpr static std::size_t value = SIZE_MAX;
+        static constexpr std::size_t value = SIZE_MAX;
     };
 
     template <class E>
     struct get_rank<E, decltype((void) E::rank, void())>
     {
-        constexpr static std::size_t value = E::rank;
+        static constexpr std::size_t value = E::rank;
     };
 
     /******************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 43eea6dc4..0a2dbb6be 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         using container_iterator = pointer;
         using const_container_iterator = const_pointer;
-        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
+        static constexpr std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         // The FSL argument prevents the compiler from calling this constructor
         // instead of the copy constructor when sizeof...(SL) == 0.
@@ -1845,7 +1845,7 @@ namespace xt
         public:
 
             template <class E>
-            static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
+            inline static auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
                 check_dimension(shape);
@@ -1855,7 +1855,7 @@ namespace xt
         private:
 
             template <class S>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
+            inline static void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class T, std::size_t N>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
+            inline static void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
             }
@@ -1878,7 +1878,7 @@ namespace xt
         public:
 
             template <class E>
-            static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
+            inline static auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
                 check_dimension(shape);
@@ -1888,7 +1888,7 @@ namespace xt
         private:
 
             template <class S>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
+            inline static void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
@@ -1900,7 +1900,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class T, std::size_t N>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
+            inline static void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
             }
diff --git a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
index a8a0cfbd4..20cc56b76 100644
--- a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xindex_view, indices_const)
     {
-        xarray<double> const e = xt::random::rand<double>({3, 3});
+        const xarray<double> e = xt::random::rand<double>({3, 3});
         auto v = index_view(e, {{1ul, 1ul}, {1ul, 2ul}, {2ul, 2ul}});
         EXPECT_EQ(e(1, 1), v(0));
-        auto const vc = index_view(e, {{1ul, 1ul}, {1ul, 2ul}, {2ul, 2ul}});
+        const auto vc = index_view(e, {{1ul, 1ul}, {1ul, 2ul}, {2ul, 2ul}});
         EXPECT_EQ(vc(0), v(0));
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index fba13870e..d125bca81 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, swapaxes)
     {
-        auto const a = xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+        const auto a = xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
         using shape_type = decltype(a)::shape_type;
 
         EXPECT_EQ(swapaxes(a, 0, 1).shape(), (shape_type{2, 1, 3, 4, 5}));
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, moveaxis)
     {
-        auto const a = xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+        const auto a = xarray<double>::from_shape({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
         using shape_type = decltype(a)::shape_type;
 
         EXPECT_EQ(moveaxis(a, 0, 1).shape(), (shape_type{2, 1, 3, 4, 5}));
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 26c622151..119af08b6 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    std::string get_load_filename(std::string const& npy_prefix, layout_type lt = layout_type::row_major)
+    std::string get_load_filename(const std::string& npy_prefix, layout_type lt = layout_type::row_major)
     {
         std::string lts = lt == layout_type::row_major ? "" : "_fortran";
         std::string endianness;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     std::string read_file(const std::string& name)
     {
-        return static_cast<std::stringstream const&>(std::stringstream() << std::ifstream(name).rdbuf()).str();
+        return static_cast<const std::stringstream&>(std::stringstream() << std::ifstream(name).rdbuf()).str();
     }
 
     TEST(xnpy, dump)
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 8bff0fe05..7a26da67e 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xreducer, functor_type)
     {
-        auto sum = [](auto const& left, auto const& right)
+        auto sum = [](const auto& left, const auto& right)
         {
             return left + right;
         };
diff --git a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
index 0bf168bc7..1093279ed 100644
--- a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xrepeat, const_array)
     {
-        xarray<size_t> const array = {1, 2, 3};
+        const xarray<size_t> array = {1, 2, 3};
 
         const auto repeated_array = xt::repeat(array, 1, 0);
 

From d5982ff943dcbbd3796ba9dd81e937601e3830e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 16:43:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 412/606] Sort .clang-format

---
 .clang-format | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
index 441969a1b..d092c0781 100644
--- a/.clang-format
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 BasedOnStyle: Mozilla
+
 AccessModifierOffset: '-4'
 AlignAfterOpenBracket: BlockIndent
 AlignEscapedNewlines: Left
@@ -12,10 +13,9 @@ AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
 # single instructions lambdas are too long.
 AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: Empty
 AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
-AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
 AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
 AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
-SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
 BinPackArguments: false
 BinPackParameters: false
 BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: NonAssignment
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ ContinuationIndentWidth: '4'
 Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
 DerivePointerAlignment: false
 DisableFormat: false
-ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: true
 EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Always
 EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: Always
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: true
 IncludeBlocks: Regroup
 IncludeCategories:
 - Regex: <[^.]+>
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ IncludeCategories:
 IndentCaseLabels: true
 IndentWidth: '4'
 IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+InsertBraces: true
 InsertTrailingCommas: Wrapped
 KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
 LambdaBodyIndentation: Signature
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@ NamespaceIndentation: All
 ObjCBlockIndentWidth: '4'
 ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
 ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: false
-PointerAlignment: Left
 PackConstructorInitializers: Never
 PenaltyBreakAssignment: 100000
 PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 0
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 0
 PenaltyExcessCharacter: 10
 PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
 PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 10
+PointerAlignment: Left
 QualifierAlignment: Custom  # Experimental
 QualifierOrder: [inline, static, constexpr, const, volatile, type]
 ReflowComments: true
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Always
 SortIncludes: CaseInsensitive
 SortUsingDeclarations: true
 SpaceAfterCStyleCast: true
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
 SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
 SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
 SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
@@ -86,4 +88,3 @@ SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
 Standard: c++14
 TabWidth: '4'
 UseTab: Never
-InsertBraces: true

From d6c425eb6e7908796de8708921cc725fac827415 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 17:03:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 413/606] Add .clang-format to yaml hooks

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 3b0503d29..ba69c8861 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ repos:
   - id: pretty-format-json
     args: [--autofix, --top-keys=version]
   - id: check-yaml
+    type: [file]
+    files: \.(yaml|yml|clang-format)
   - id: detect-private-key
   - id: check-merge-conflict
 - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ repos:
   hooks:
   - id: pretty-format-yaml
     args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
+    type: [file]
+    files: \.(yaml|yml|clang-format)
 - repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/cpp_comment_format
   rev: v0.2.0
   hooks:

From 7ad721797fc3c802a932be827400e2c0a2b59e78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 17:13:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 414/606] Make quantile input checks optional

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 19 ++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 99bf4ee7f..a8253dd55 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -918,19 +918,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T = double, class E, class P>
     inline auto quantile(E&& e, const P& probas, std::ptrdiff_t axis, T alpha, T beta)
     {
-        // Check inputs
-        if (any((probas < 0.) || (1. < probas)))
-        {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "p must be between 0 and 1");
-        }
-        if ((alpha < 0) || (1 < alpha))
-        {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "alpha must be between 0 and 1");
-        }
-        if ((beta < 0) || (1 < beta))
-        {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "beta must be between 0 and 1");
-        }
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(all(0. <= probas));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(all(probas <= 1.));
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(0. <= alpha);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(alpha <= 1.);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(0. <= beta);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(beta <= 1.);
 
         using tmp_shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
         using id_t = typename tmp_shape_t::value_type;

From 545dd7aa78104052bb8e45c3175efff313d477dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Jan 2023 00:27:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 415/606] Release 0.24.4

---
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 7bc287109..99ae7a041 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,46 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.24.4
+------
+
+- Align qualifiers using clang-format
+  `# 2647 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2647`
+- Add xt::quantile
+  `# 2614 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2614`
+- Add swapaxes and moveaxis
+  `# 2638 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2638`
+- Enforce { ... }
+  `# 2641 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2641`
+- Manual style fixes
+  `# 2642 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2642`
+- Do not step further than last element in xreducer_stepper aggregation
+  `# 2636 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2636`
+- Upgraded to xsimd 10.0.0
+  `# 2635 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2635`
+- Explicitly declare test_xtensor_core_lib as STATIC
+  `# 2586 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2586`
+- fix npy_file move assignment
+  `# 2585 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2585`
+- Install as arch-independent
+  `# 2588 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2588`
+- Change extended tests test header
+  `# 2630 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2630`
+- argmax crashes when compiled using Visual Studio compiler with O1/O2 optimizations
+  `# 2568 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2568`
+- Fix xindexed_view::to_end
+  `# 2627 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2627`
+- Change xindex_view reference type to handle const data
+  `# 2622 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2622`
+- Fix TBB target in CMake exported interface
+  `# 2617 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2617`
+- Document missing xsort functions
+  `# 2608 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2608`
+- Specialize get_strides_type for xbuffer_adaptor
+  `# 2606 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2606`
+- find external packages (threads) after defining project
+  `# 2575 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2575`
+
 0.24.3
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 40943f0b1..3cf892ce4 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
 - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-- xtensor=0.24.4
+- xtensor=0.24.5
 - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
 - xeus-cling=0.13.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 0c9cd8957..5d4783bce 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 3
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 4
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 5f0a4c85d4964e5e56ce41fa7724bde55f7c4a6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 22:28:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 416/606] Fixed xtl requirement

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 189e5d102..753564931 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ message(STATUS "Building xtensor v${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}")
 # Dependencies
 # ============
 
-set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.7.0)
+set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.7.5)
 if(TARGET xtl)
     set(xtl_VERSION ${XTL_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XTL_VERSION_MINOR}.${XTL_VERSION_PATCH})
     # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison

From e0036ad1888c5b56b7e4cf7fd18f628b7b2ec858 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2023 15:49:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 417/606] Fix a bug with .fill for a xcontainer that is
 non-contiguous, for example when giving a xtensor_adaptor with strides

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  9 ++++++++-
 test/test_xadapt.cpp           | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index f5a79d3d7..56b64a4b6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -422,7 +422,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xcontainer<D>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        std::fill(linear_begin(), linear_end(), value);
+        if (contiguous_layout)
+        {
+            std::fill(this->linear_begin(), this->linear_end(), value);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            std::fill(this->begin(), this->end(), value);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 9354e492d..7c965b375 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -505,6 +505,23 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xtensor_adaptor, pointer_strided_fill)
+    {
+        auto data = std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
+        auto adapter = xt::adapt(
+            data.data(),
+            4,
+            xt::no_ownership(),
+            std::vector<size_t>{4, 1},
+            std::vector<size_t>{2, 1}
+        );
+        adapter.fill(0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data[0], 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data[3], 4);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data[4], 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data[5], 6);
+    }
+
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, smart_ptr)
     {
         auto data = std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};

From 06b83231d47d4b11b3c22bdf8ad43bbfa2527fa6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 17:36:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 418/606] Reformat pragma checks

---
 include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
index 0c0932e71..ac179a852 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1941,10 +1941,13 @@ namespace xt
 // G++ 8 C++ library does define it as a struct hence we get
 // clang warnings here
 
+// Do not remove space between "#" and "pragma". This is required for CRAN checks.
+// clang-format off
 #if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmismatched-tags"
+ # pragma clang diagnostic push
+ # pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmismatched-tags"
 #endif
+// clang-format on
 
 namespace std
 {
@@ -1969,9 +1972,12 @@ namespace std
     class tuple_size<xt::sequence_view<T, Start, -1>>;
 }
 
+// Do not remove space between "#" and "pragma". This is required for CRAN checks.
+// clang-format off
 #if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+ # pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
+// clang-format on
 
 #undef XTENSOR_CONST
 

From f620f81b6d5d83b8412bc2cf153262ccab023b9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 22:12:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 419/606] Release 0.24.5

---
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 10 ++++++++++
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 99ae7a041..874bdf844 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.25.5
+------
+
+- Add space before pragma diagnostic
+  `# 2654 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2654` - Update xtl requirement in cmake
+  `# 2649 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2649` 
+- Fix a bug where .fill doesn't work for a xcontainer that is non-contiguous
+  `# 2650 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2650`
+
+
 0.24.4
 ------
 
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 3cf892ce4..eba3a3960 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ channels:
 dependencies:
 - xtensor=0.24.5
 - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
-- xeus-cling=0.13.0
+- xeus-cling=0.15.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 5d4783bce..6562f5405 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 4
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 5
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From cda7401feeadc5d3b4ba357a39e67c3f72d711be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Feb 2023 15:32:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 420/606] Fix pre-commit

---
 docs/source/changelog.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 874bdf844..5d9fb882b 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Changelog
 
 - Add space before pragma diagnostic
   `# 2654 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2654` - Update xtl requirement in cmake
-  `# 2649 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2649` 
+  `# 2649 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2649`
 - Fix a bug where .fill doesn't work for a xcontainer that is non-contiguous
   `# 2650 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2650`
 

From 423e95cbcb4b79c3e2466a74f8bf16f3e75136a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Feb 2023 15:40:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 421/606] Update pre-commit hooks

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index ba69c8861..187726f71 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ repos:
   - id: detect-private-key
   - id: check-merge-conflict
 - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v1.3.1
+  rev: v1.4.2
   hooks:
   - id: forbid-tabs
   - id: remove-tabs
     args: [--whitespaces-count, '4']
 - repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v2.5.0
+  rev: v2.6.0
   hooks:
   - id: pretty-format-yaml
     args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ repos:
     files: environment.yaml
 # Externally provided executables (so we can use them with editors as well).
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-  rev: v15.0.6
+  rev: v15.0.7
   hooks:
   - id: clang-format
     files: .*\.[hc]pp$

From 7e4f649d7e74eb3677161b21cdccb1f1cce6c5a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Preshanth Jagannathan <pjaganna@nrao.edu>
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2023 14:48:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 422/606] Update chunked_arrays.rst

Fixed a typo
---
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
index a04593409..46ac95265 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@ These are arrays whose chunks are stored on a file system, allowing for
 persistence of data. In particular, they are used as a building block for the
 `xtensor-zarr <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-zarr>`_ library.
 
-For further dedails, please refer to the documentation
+For further details, please refer to the documentation
 of `xtensor-io <https://xtensor-io.readthedocs.io>`_.

From e3ab51704449ed804a52b97aeef57e369234e425 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern.starruss@tu-dresden.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Feb 2021 13:09:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 423/606] initial thoughts parallel strided assign

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 231 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 229 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 1c5535113..79db1b1f5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -850,6 +850,80 @@ namespace xt
                     }
                 }
             }
+                     
+            template <class T>
+            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T&outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+			{
+				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
+				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
+				for (; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+						// we filled up all dimensions required
+						break;
+					}
+					else if (outer_index[i] !=0) {
+						outer_index[i] = 0;
+						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
+						if (i>0) {
+							outer_index[i-1]++;
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						if (i>0) {
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+                }
+                i++;
+				// add remaining iterations
+				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+					}
+					else {
+						// that may not happen
+					}
+                }
+			}
+			
+			template <class T>
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+			{
+				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
+				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
+				
+				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				i--
+				// compute strides
+				for (; i >= 0; i--) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i+1] * outer_shape[i+1]; }
+				
+				// compute index
+				for (i=0; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx < outer_shape[i]) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+					}
+					else {
+						// that may not happen
+					}
+                }
+			}
+		
         };
 
         template <>
@@ -874,6 +948,83 @@ namespace xt
                     }
                 }
             }
+            
+            			template <class T>
+            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+			{
+				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+				size_type i = 0;
+				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
+				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+						// we filled up all dimensions required
+						break;
+					}
+					else if (outer_index[i] != 0) {
+						outer_index[i] = 0;
+						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
+						
+						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							outer_index[i+1]++;
+							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+                }
+                i--;
+				// add remaining iterations
+				for (; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+					}
+					else {
+						// that may not happen
+					}
+                }
+			}
+			
+			template <class T>
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+			{
+				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
+				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
+				size_type i = 0;
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				i++;
+				
+				// compute required strides
+				for (; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
+				
+				// compute index
+                i = outer_shape.size()-1;
+				for (; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-1)) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+					}
+					else {
+						// that may not happen
+					}
+                }
+			}
         };
 
         template <layout_type L, class S>
@@ -969,6 +1120,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+#define strided_row_major_fallback
+#define strided_parallel_assign
     template <bool simd>
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void strided_loop_assigner<simd>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
@@ -988,7 +1141,11 @@ namespace xt
                     is_row_major = false;
                     break;
                 default:
+#ifdef strided_row_major_fallback
+					is_row_major = true;
+#else
                     return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
+#endif
             }
         }
         else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::row_major)
@@ -1054,7 +1211,75 @@ namespace xt
         {
             step_dim = cut;
         }
-
+#if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
+		static bool reported = false;
+		if (!reported) {
+			std::cout << "SIMD size is " << simd_type::size << " step_dim " << step_dim << std::endl;
+			reported = true;
+		}
+		std::cout << "+";
+		std::size_t first_step = true;
+// #define old_parallel
+#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
+        for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
+        {
+			if (first_step) {
+				is_row_major ?
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                {
+                    fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                }
+                first_step = false;
+			}
+			else {
+				// next unaligned index
+				if (is_row_major) {
+					auto i = max_shape.size()-1;
+// 					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
+// 					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
+					fct_stepper.reset(i+1);
+					res_stepper.reset(i+1);
+					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
+					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
+					
+			
+					for (; i >= 0; --i)
+					{
+						if (idx[i] + 1 >= max_shape[i])
+						{
+							idx[i] = 0;
+							fct_stepper.reset(i);
+							res_stepper.reset(i);
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							idx[i]++;
+							fct_stepper.step(i, 1);
+							res_stepper.step(i, 1);
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					std::cout << "oops" << std::endl;
+				}
+// 				std:: cout << "Next index is " << idx[0] << "," << idx[1] << ","<<idx.size() << "," << cut << std::endl;
+			}
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
+			{
+				res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+			}
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+			{
+				*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+				res_stepper.step_leading();
+				fct_stepper.step_leading();
+			}
+        }
+#else
         for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
         {
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
@@ -1092,7 +1317,9 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
         }
-    }
+
+#endif
+	}
 
     template <>
     template <class E1, class E2>

From 2087ed04b4e7b5865805be9908f9ea454b9f28f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern.starruss@tu-dresden.de>
Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 23:30:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 424/606] trigger strided assign properly

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp  | 568 +++++++++--------------------
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp |   2 +
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp    | 686 ++++++++++++++++-------------------
 3 files changed, 488 insertions(+), 768 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 79db1b1f5..7c67da273 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
 /***************************************************************************
- * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
- * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
- *                                                                          *
- * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
- *                                                                          *
- * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
- ****************************************************************************/
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ASSIGN_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ASSIGN_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
+#include <functional>
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
 #include "xiterator.hpp"
 #include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "xfunction.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
 #include <tbb/tbb.h>
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E1, class F, class... CT>
         static bool resize(E1& e1, const xfunction<F, CT...>& e2);
+
     };
 
     /********************
@@ -195,18 +196,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                self(e2).derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
-            {
-                using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
-                xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
-            }
-        );
+        xtl::mpl::static_if<has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value>([&](auto self)
+        {
+            self(e2).derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
+        }, /*else*/ [&](auto /*self*/)
+        {
+            using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
+            xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
+        });
     }
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -242,19 +239,15 @@ namespace xt
             // A row_major or column_major container with a dimension <= 1 is computed as
             // layout any, leading to some performance improvements, for example when
             // assigning a col-major vector to a row-major vector etc
-            return compute_layout(
-                       select_layout<E1::static_layout, typename E1::shape_type>::value,
-                       select_layout<E2::static_layout, typename E2::shape_type>::value
-                   )
-                   != layout_type::dynamic;
+            return compute_layout(select_layout<E1::static_layout, typename E1::shape_type>::value,
+                                  select_layout<E2::static_layout, typename E2::shape_type>::value) != layout_type::dynamic;
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
-            -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
+        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
         {
-            return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>())
-                   || (e1.layout() != layout_type::dynamic && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
+            return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>()) ||
+                   (e1.is_contiguous() && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -266,8 +259,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E1, class E2>
         inline bool linear_dynamic_layout(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
         {
-            return e1.is_contiguous() && e2.is_contiguous()
-                   && compute_layout(e1.layout(), e2.layout()) != layout_type::dynamic;
+            return e1.is_contiguous()
+                && e2.is_contiguous()
+                && compute_layout(e1.layout(), e2.layout()) != layout_type::dynamic;
         }
 
         template <class E, class = void>
@@ -276,20 +270,16 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class E>
-        struct has_step_leading<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().step_leading())>> : std::true_type
+        struct has_step_leading<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().step_leading())>>
+            : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
         struct use_strided_loop
         {
-            static constexpr bool stepper_deref()
-            {
-                return std::is_reference<typename T::stepper::reference>::value;
-            }
-
-            static constexpr bool value = has_strides<T>::value
-                                          && has_step_leading<typename T::stepper>::value && stepper_deref();
+            static constexpr bool stepper_deref() { return std::is_reference<typename T::stepper::reference>::value; }
+            static constexpr bool value = has_strides<T>::value && has_step_leading<typename T::stepper>::value && stepper_deref();
         };
 
         template <class T>
@@ -343,89 +333,43 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         using is_bool = std::is_same<T, bool>;
 
-        static constexpr bool is_bool_conversion()
-        {
-            return is_bool<e2_value_type>::value && !is_bool<e1_value_type>::value;
-        }
-
-        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout()
-        {
-            return E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout;
-        }
+        static constexpr bool is_bool_conversion() { return is_bool<e2_value_type>::value && !is_bool<e1_value_type>::value; }
+        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout() { return E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout; }
+        static constexpr bool convertible_types() { return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value
+                                                        && !is_bool_conversion(); }
 
-        static constexpr bool convertible_types()
-        {
-            return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value && !is_bool_conversion();
-        }
-
-        static constexpr bool use_xsimd()
-        {
-            return xt_simd::simd_traits<int8_t>::size > 1;
-        }
+        static constexpr bool use_xsimd() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<int8_t>::size > 1; }
 
         template <class T>
-        static constexpr bool simd_size_impl()
-        {
-            return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd());
-        }
-
-        static constexpr bool simd_size()
-        {
-            return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>();
-        }
-
-        static constexpr bool simd_interface()
-        {
-            return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>()
-                   && has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>();
-        }
+        static constexpr bool simd_size_impl() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd()); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_size() { return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>(); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() &&
+                                                        has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
 
     public:
 
         // constexpr methods instead of constexpr data members avoid the need of definitions at namespace
         // scope of these data members (since they are odr-used).
 
-        static constexpr bool simd_assign()
-        {
-            return convertible_types() && simd_size() && simd_interface();
-        }
-
-        static constexpr bool linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool trivial)
-        {
-            return trivial && detail::is_linear_assign(e1, e2);
-        }
-
-        static constexpr bool strided_assign()
-        {
-            return detail::use_strided_loop<E1>::value && detail::use_strided_loop<E2>::value;
-        }
+        static constexpr bool simd_assign() { return convertible_types() && simd_size() && simd_interface(); }
+        static constexpr bool linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool trivial) { return trivial && detail::is_linear_assign(e1, e2); }
+        static constexpr bool strided_assign() { return detail::use_strided_loop<E1>::value && detail::use_strided_loop<E2>::value; }
+        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign() { return contiguous_layout() && simd_assign(); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_strided_assign() { return strided_assign() && simd_assign(); }
 
-        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign()
-        {
-            return contiguous_layout() && simd_assign();
-        }
-
-        static constexpr bool simd_strided_assign()
-        {
-            return strided_assign() && simd_assign();
-        }
+        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) { return simd_assign()
+                                                                                && detail::linear_dynamic_layout(e1, e2); }
 
-        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
-        {
-            return simd_assign() && detail::linear_dynamic_layout(e1, e2);
-        }
+        using e2_requested_value_type = std::conditional_t<is_bool<e2_value_type>::value,
+                                                           typename E2::bool_load_type,
+                                                           e2_value_type>;
+        using requested_value_type = detail::conditional_promote_to_complex_t<e1_value_type,
+                                                                              e2_requested_value_type>;
 
-        using e2_requested_value_type = std::
-            conditional_t<is_bool<e2_value_type>::value, typename E2::bool_load_type, e2_value_type>;
-        using requested_value_type = detail::conditional_promote_to_complex_t<e1_value_type, e2_requested_value_type>;
     };
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(
-        xexpression<E1>& e1,
-        const xexpression<E2>& e2,
-        bool trivial
-    )
+    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
     {
         E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
@@ -437,7 +381,7 @@ namespace xt
         constexpr bool simd_strided_assign = traits::simd_strided_assign();
         if (linear_assign)
         {
-            if (simd_linear_assign || traits::simd_linear_assign(de1, de2))
+            if(simd_linear_assign || traits::simd_linear_assign(de1, de2))
             {
                 // Do not use linear_assigner<true> here since it will make the compiler
                 // instantiate this branch even if the runtime condition is false, resulting
@@ -451,7 +395,7 @@ namespace xt
                 linear_assigner<false>::run(de1, de2);
             }
         }
-        else if (simd_strided_assign)
+        else if (simd_strided_assign && de1.layout() == de2.layout())
         {
             strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
         }
@@ -487,15 +431,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
-        auto&& de1_shape = de1.shape();
-        if (dim2 > de1.dimension()
-            || std::lexicographical_compare(
-                shape.begin(),
-                shape.end(),
-                de1_shape.begin(),
-                de1_shape.end(),
-                comperator_type()
-            ))
+        auto && de1_shape = de1.shape();
+        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), de1_shape.begin(), de1_shape.end(), comperator_type()))
         {
             typename E1::temporary_type tmp(shape);
             base_type::assign_data(tmp, e2, trivial_broadcast);
@@ -523,8 +460,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class Tag>
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void
-    xexpression_assigner<Tag>::assert_compatible_shape(const xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
+    inline void xexpression_assigner<Tag>::assert_compatible_shape(const xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
         const E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
@@ -568,20 +504,16 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xexpression_assigner<Tag>::resize(E1& e1, const xfunction<F, CT...>& e2)
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value>(
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
-            {
+            [&](auto /*self*/) {
                 /*
                  * If the shape of the xfunction is statically known, we can compute the broadcast triviality
                  * at compile time plus we can resize right away.
                  */
                 // resize in case LHS is not a fixed size container. If it is, this is a NOP
                 e1.resize(typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type{});
-                return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<
-                    detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value,
-                    CT...>::value;
+                return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value, CT...>::value;
             },
-            /* else */
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
+            /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
             {
                 using index_type = xindex_type_t<typename E1::shape_type>;
                 using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
@@ -604,10 +536,9 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = xtl::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value
-                                  && (sizeof(result_type) < sizeof(argument_type)
-                                      || (xtl::is_integral<result_type>::value
-                                          && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
+        static const bool value = xtl::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value &&
+            (sizeof(result_type) < sizeof(argument_type) ||
+             (xtl::is_integral<result_type>::value && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
     };
 
     template <class FROM, class TO>
@@ -625,16 +556,15 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = is_narrowing_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value
-                                  || has_sign_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value;
+        static const bool value = is_narrowing_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value ||
+                                  has_sign_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value;
     };
 
     template <class E1, class E2, layout_type L>
     inline stepper_assigner<E1, E2, L>::stepper_assigner(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
-        : m_e1(e1)
-        , m_lhs(e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape()))
-        , m_rhs(e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape()))
-        , m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e1.shape().size(), size_type(0)))
+        : m_e1(e1), m_lhs(e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape())),
+          m_rhs(e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape())),
+          m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e1.shape().size(), size_type(0)))
     {
     }
 
@@ -690,6 +620,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<simd_assign>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
+// 		std::cout << "lin" << std::endl;
         using lhs_align_mode = xt_simd::container_alignment_t<E1>;
         constexpr bool is_aligned = std::is_same<lhs_align_mode, aligned_mode>::value;
         using rhs_align_mode = std::conditional_t<is_aligned, inner_aligned_mode, unaligned_mode>;
@@ -713,18 +644,10 @@ namespace xt
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         if (size >= XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD)
         {
-            tbb::parallel_for(
-                align_begin,
-                align_end,
-                simd_size,
-                [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
-                {
-                    e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(
-                        i,
-                        e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i)
-                    );
-                }
-            );
+            tbb::parallel_for(align_begin, align_end, simd_size, [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
+            {
+                e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
+            });
         }
         else
         {
@@ -736,20 +659,20 @@ namespace xt
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         if (size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
-#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
-#ifndef _WIN32
+            #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
+    #ifndef _WIN32
             for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
             {
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
             }
-#else
-            for (auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
-                 i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
+    #else
+            for(auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
+                i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
             {
                 size_type ui = static_cast<size_type>(i);
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(ui, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(ui));
             }
-#endif
+    #endif
         }
         else
         {
@@ -773,8 +696,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<false>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-        using is_convertible = std::
-            is_convertible<typename std::decay_t<E2>::value_type, typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>;
+        using is_convertible = std::is_convertible<typename std::decay_t<E2>::value_type,
+                                                   typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>;
         // If the types are not compatible, this function is still instantiated but never called.
         // To avoid compilation problems in effectively unused code trivial_assigner_run_impl is
         // empty in this case.
@@ -789,19 +712,15 @@ namespace xt
         auto src = linear_begin(e2);
         auto dst = linear_begin(e1);
         size_type n = e1.size();
-
+// 		std::cout << "Linear assigner LOOP SIZE is " << n <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        tbb::parallel_for(
-            std::ptrdiff_t(0),
-            static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n),
-            [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
-            {
-                *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
-            }
-        );
+        tbb::parallel_for(std::ptrdiff_t(0), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n), [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
+        {
+            *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
+        });
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
-        for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n); i++)
+        #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
+        for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
         {
             *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
         }
@@ -818,7 +737,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<false>::run_impl(E1&, const E2&, std::false_type /*is_convertible*/)
     {
-        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(false, "Internal error: linear_assigner called with unrelated types.");
+        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(false,
+            "Internal error: linear_assigner called with unrelated types.");
+
     }
 
     /****************************************
@@ -851,75 +772,29 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
                      
-            template <class T>
-            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T&outer_index, T& outer_shape)
-			{
-				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
-				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
-				for (; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-						// we filled up all dimensions required
-						break;
-					}
-					else if (outer_index[i] !=0) {
-						outer_index[i] = 0;
-						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
-						if (i>0) {
-							outer_index[i-1]++;
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-					else {
-						if (i>0) {
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-                }
-                i++;
-				// add remaining iterations
-				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-					}
-					else {
-						// that may not happen
-					}
-                }
-			}
-			
 			template <class T>
-            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
 			{
-				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
-				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
 				
-				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				i--
+				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
+				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
 				// compute strides
-				for (; i >= 0; i--) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i+1] * outer_shape[i+1]; }
+				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+				for ( size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0; i--) {
+					stride_sizes[i-1] = (i==outer_shape.size()) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+				}
 				
 				// compute index
-				for (i=0; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
+				for (size_type i=0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++)
                 {
 					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
 					if (d_idx < outer_shape[i]) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
 						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
 					}
 					else {
 						// that may not happen
+						outer_index[i] = 0;
 					}
                 }
 			}
@@ -949,80 +824,27 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
             
-            			template <class T>
-            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
-			{
-				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
-				size_type i = 0;
-				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
-				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-						// we filled up all dimensions required
-						break;
-					}
-					else if (outer_index[i] != 0) {
-						outer_index[i] = 0;
-						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
-						
-						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							outer_index[i+1]++;
-							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-					else {
-						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-                }
-                i--;
-				// add remaining iterations
-				for (; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-					}
-					else {
-						// that may not happen
-					}
-                }
-			}
-			
 			template <class T>
-            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
 			{
-				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
+				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
+				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
+				
 				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
-				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
-				size_type i = 0;
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				i++;
 				
 				// compute required strides
-				for (; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
+				for (size_type i = 0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = (i==0) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
 				
 				// compute index
-                i = outer_shape.size()-1;
-				for (; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
+				for (size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0;)
+				{
+					i--;
 					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
 					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
 						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
 					}
-					else {
-						// that may not happen
-					}
+// 					else {}   // that may not happen
                 }
 			}
         };
@@ -1033,13 +855,14 @@ namespace xt
             using strides_type = S;
 
             check_strides_functor(const S& strides)
-                : m_cut(L == layout_type::row_major ? 0 : strides.size())
-                , m_strides(strides)
+                : m_cut(L == layout_type::row_major ? 0 : strides.size()),
+                  m_strides(strides)
             {
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type LE = L>
-            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::row_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
+            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::row_major, std::size_t>
+            operator()(const T& el)
             {
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::row_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
                 if (var > m_cut)
@@ -1050,7 +873,8 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type LE = L>
-            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::column_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
+            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::column_major, std::size_t>
+            operator()(const T& el)
             {
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::column_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
                 if (var < m_cut)
@@ -1089,27 +913,22 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::row_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
+				if (cut<e1.strides().size()-1) cut = e1.strides().size()-1;
             }
             else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
-                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides()
-                );
+                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
-            }  // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
+				if (cut>1) cut = 1;
+            } // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
 
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
-            std::size_t outer_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(
-                e1.shape().begin(),
-                e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
-                shape_value_type(1),
-                std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}
-            ));
-            std::size_t inner_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(
-                e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
-                e1.shape().end(),
-                shape_value_type(1),
-                std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}
-            ));
+            std::size_t outer_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(
+                            std::accumulate(e1.shape().begin(), e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
+                                shape_value_type(1), std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}));
+            std::size_t inner_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(
+                            std::accumulate(e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut), e1.shape().end(),
+                                shape_value_type(1), std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}));
 
             if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
@@ -1120,7 +939,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-#define strided_row_major_fallback
 #define strided_parallel_assign
     template <bool simd>
     template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -1128,10 +946,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         bool is_row_major = true;
         using fallback_assigner = stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>;
-
         if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic)
         {
             layout_type dynamic_layout = e1.layout();
+
             switch (dynamic_layout)
             {
                 case layout_type::row_major:
@@ -1141,11 +959,7 @@ namespace xt
                     is_row_major = false;
                     break;
                 default:
-#ifdef strided_row_major_fallback
-					is_row_major = true;
-#else
                     return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
-#endif
             }
         }
         else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::row_major)
@@ -1162,11 +976,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         std::size_t inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut;
-        std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(
-            e1,
-            e2,
-            is_row_major
-        );
+        std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2, is_row_major);
 
         if ((is_row_major && cut == e1.dimension()) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0))
         {
@@ -1193,10 +1003,9 @@ namespace xt
         using e2_value_type = typename E2::value_type;
         constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<e1_value_type, e2_value_type>::value;
         using value_type = typename xassign_traits<E1, E2>::requested_value_type;
-        using simd_type = std::conditional_t<
-            std::is_same<e1_value_type, bool>::value,
-            xt_simd::simd_bool_type<value_type>,
-            xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>>;
+        using simd_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<e1_value_type, bool>::value,
+                                             xt_simd::simd_bool_type<value_type>,
+                                             xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>>;
 
         std::size_t simd_size = inner_loop_size / simd_type::size;
         std::size_t simd_rest = inner_loop_size % simd_type::size;
@@ -1207,79 +1016,59 @@ namespace xt
         // TODO in 1D case this is ambigous -- could be RM or CM.
         //      Use default layout to make decision
         std::size_t step_dim = 0;
-        if (!is_row_major)  // row major case
+        if (!is_row_major) // row major case
         {
             step_dim = cut;
         }
+// 		std::cout << "OUTER LOOP size is " << outer_loop_size << " INNER LOOP size is " << inner_loop_size <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		static bool reported = false;
-		if (!reported) {
-			std::cout << "SIMD size is " << simd_type::size << " step_dim " << step_dim << std::endl;
-			reported = true;
-		}
-		std::cout << "+";
-		std::size_t first_step = true;
-// #define old_parallel
+		if (outer_loop_size>50) {
+			std::size_t first_step = true;
 #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
-        for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
-        {
-			if (first_step) {
-				is_row_major ?
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
-                {
-                    fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                    res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                }
-                first_step = false;
-			}
-			else {
-				// next unaligned index
-				if (is_row_major) {
-					auto i = max_shape.size()-1;
-// 					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
-// 					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
-					fct_stepper.reset(i+1);
-					res_stepper.reset(i+1);
-					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
-					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
+			for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
+			{
+				if (first_step) {
+					is_row_major ?
+						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
+						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
 					
-			
-					for (; i >= 0; --i)
+					for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
 					{
-						if (idx[i] + 1 >= max_shape[i])
-						{
-							idx[i] = 0;
-							fct_stepper.reset(i);
-							res_stepper.reset(i);
-						}
-						else
-						{
-							idx[i]++;
-							fct_stepper.step(i, 1);
-							res_stepper.step(i, 1);
-							break;
-						}
+						fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+						res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
 					}
+					first_step = false;
 				}
-				else {
-					std::cout << "oops" << std::endl;
+
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
+				{
+					res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+				}
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+				{
+					*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+					res_stepper.step_leading();
+					fct_stepper.step_leading();
+				}
+				
+				// next unaligned index
+				is_row_major ?
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+					
+				// need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+				fct_stepper.to_begin();
+				res_stepper.to_begin();
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+				{
+					fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+					res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
 				}
-// 				std:: cout << "Next index is " << idx[0] << "," << idx[1] << ","<<idx.size() << "," << cut << std::endl;
-			}
-			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
-			{
-				res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
-			}
-			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
-			{
-				*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
-				res_stepper.step_leading();
-				fct_stepper.step_leading();
 			}
-        }
-#else
+		}
+		else {
+		
+#endif
         for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
         {
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
@@ -1293,9 +1082,9 @@ namespace xt
                 fct_stepper.step_leading();
             }
 
-            is_row_major
-                ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
-                : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+            is_row_major ?
+                strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
+                strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
 
             fct_stepper.to_begin();
 
@@ -1317,7 +1106,8 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
         }
-
+#if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
+		}
 #endif
 	}
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index ae261e354..99ffa811c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -544,8 +544,10 @@ namespace xt
         {
             for (std::size_t i = strides.size(); i != 0; --i)
             {
+// 				std::cout << "matching: " << strides[i - 1] << " && " << shape[i - 1]<< " && " << data_size << std::endl;
                 if (!stride_match_condition(strides[i - 1], shape[i - 1], data_size, zero_strides))
                 {
+// 					std::cout << "non-matching: " << strides[i - 1] << " != " << data_size << std::endl;
                     return false;
                 }
                 data_size *= static_cast<value_type>(shape[i - 1]);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 0a2dbb6be..931bb67a9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
- * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
- * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
- *                                                                          *
- * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
- *                                                                          *
- * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
- ****************************************************************************/
+* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+*                                                                          *
+* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_VIEW_HPP
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xview_utils.hpp"
 
+
 namespace xt
 {
 
@@ -75,22 +76,26 @@ namespace xt
     {
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xrange : std::false_type
+        struct is_xrange
+            : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xrange<xrange<T>> : std::true_type
+        struct is_xrange<xrange<T>>
+            : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class S>
-        struct is_xall_slice : std::false_type
+        struct is_xall_slice
+            : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xall_slice<xall<T>> : std::true_type
+        struct is_xall_slice<xall<T>>
+            : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
@@ -129,33 +134,32 @@ namespace xt
         template <class CT, class... S>
         struct is_xscalar_impl<xview<CT, S...>>
         {
-            static constexpr bool value = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(integral_count<S...>()
-                                          ) == static_dimension<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type>::value
-                                              ? true
-                                              : false;
+            static constexpr bool value = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(integral_count<S...>()) == static_dimension<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type>::value ? true : false;
         };
 
         template <class S>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl : std::true_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl
+            : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>> : std::false_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>>
+            : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>> : std::false_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>>
+            : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         // If we have no discontiguous slices, we can calculate strides for this view.
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_strided_view
-            : std::integral_constant<
-                  bool,
-                  xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>, is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
+            : std::integral_constant<bool, xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>,
+                                                            is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
         {
         };
 
@@ -179,20 +183,25 @@ namespace xt
             static constexpr bool have_all_seen = all_seen || is_all_slice;
             static constexpr bool have_range_seen = is_range_slice;
 
-            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid
-                                             && (have_all_seen
-                                                     ? is_all_slice
-                                                     : (!range_seen && (is_int_slice || is_range_slice)));
-
-            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl < layout_type::row_major, is_valid,
-                                  have_all_seen, range_seen || is_range_slice,
-                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t < V >> ::value;
+            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid && (have_all_seen ? is_all_slice : (!range_seen && (is_int_slice || is_range_slice)));
+
+            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major,
+                                                                  is_valid,
+                                                                  have_all_seen,
+                                                                  range_seen || is_range_slice,
+                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::value;
+			static constexpr size_t contiguous_dimensions = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major,
+                                                                  is_valid,
+                                                                  have_all_seen,
+                                                                  range_seen || is_range_slice,
+                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::contiguous_dimensions + (value ? 1 :0);
         };
 
         template <bool valid, bool all_seen, bool range_seen>
         struct is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major, valid, all_seen, range_seen, xtl::mpl::vector<>>
         {
             static constexpr bool value = valid;
+			static constexpr size_t contiguous_dimensions = 0;
         };
 
         // For column major the *same* but reverse is true -- with the additional
@@ -208,13 +217,12 @@ namespace xt
 
             static constexpr bool have_int_seen = int_seen || is_int_slice;
 
-            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid
-                                             && (have_int_seen
-                                                     ? is_int_slice
-                                                     : (!range_seen && (is_all_slice || is_range_slice)));
-            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl < layout_type::column_major, is_valid,
-                                  have_int_seen, is_range_slice || range_seen,
-                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t < V >> ::value;
+            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid && (have_int_seen ? is_int_slice : (!range_seen && (is_all_slice || is_range_slice)));
+            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::column_major,
+                                                                  is_valid,
+                                                                  have_int_seen,
+                                                                  is_range_slice || range_seen,
+                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::value;
         };
 
         template <bool valid, bool int_seen, bool range_seen>
@@ -226,14 +234,11 @@ namespace xt
         // TODO relax has_data_interface constraint here!
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_contiguous_view
-            : std::integral_constant<
-                  bool,
-                  has_data_interface<E>::value
-                      && !(
-                          E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major
-                          && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)
-                      )
-                      && is_contiguous_view_impl<E::static_layout, true, false, false, xtl::mpl::vector<S...>>::value>
+            : std::integral_constant<bool,
+                has_data_interface<E>::value &&
+                !(E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)) &&
+                is_contiguous_view_impl<E::static_layout, true, false, false, xtl::mpl::vector<S...>>::value
+              >
         {
         };
 
@@ -271,20 +276,21 @@ namespace xt
         struct get_contigous_shape_type
         {
             // if we have no `range` in the slices we can re-use the shape with an offset
-            using type = std::conditional_t<
-                xtl::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
-                typename xview_shape_type<typename E::shape_type, S...>::type,
-                // In the false branch we know that we have only integers at the front OR end, and NO range
-                typename unwrap_offset_container<E::static_layout, typename E::inner_shape_type, integral_count<S...>()>::type>;
+            using type = std::conditional_t<xtl::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
+                                            typename xview_shape_type<typename E::shape_type, S...>::type,
+                                            // In the false branch we know that we have only integers at the front OR end, and NO range
+                                            typename unwrap_offset_container<E::static_layout, typename E::inner_shape_type, integral_count<S...>()>::type>;
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_sequence_view : std::integral_constant<bool, false>
+        struct is_sequence_view
+            : std::integral_constant<bool, false>
         {
         };
 
         template <class T, std::ptrdiff_t S, std::ptrdiff_t E>
-        struct is_sequence_view<sequence_view<T, S, E>> : std::integral_constant<bool, true>
+        struct is_sequence_view<sequence_view<T, S, E>>
+            : std::integral_constant<bool, true>
         {
         };
     }
@@ -298,16 +304,15 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename xexpression_type::size_type;
         using temporary_type = view_temporary_type_t<xexpression_type, S...>;
 
-        static constexpr layout_type layout = detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value
-                                                  ? xexpression_type::static_layout
-                                                  : layout_type::dynamic;
+        static constexpr layout_type layout =
+            detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value ?
+                xexpression_type::static_layout : layout_type::dynamic;
 
         static constexpr bool is_const = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value;
 
-        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
-            detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
-            make_invalid_type<>>;
+        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
+                                                         detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
+                                                         make_invalid_type<>>;
         using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const extract_storage_type, extract_storage_type>;
     };
 
@@ -319,20 +324,17 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr bool is_strided_view = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value;
         static constexpr bool is_contiguous_view = detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value;
 
-        using inner_shape_type = std::conditional_t<
-            is_contiguous_view,
-            typename detail::get_contigous_shape_type<xexpression_type, S...>::type,
-            typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type>;
+        using inner_shape_type = std::conditional_t<is_contiguous_view,
+                                                    typename detail::get_contigous_shape_type<xexpression_type, S...>::type,
+                                                    typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type>;
 
-        using stepper = std::conditional_t<
-            is_strided_view,
-            xstepper<xview<CT, S...>>,
-            xview_stepper<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value, CT, S...>>;
+        using stepper = std::conditional_t<is_strided_view,
+                                           xstepper<xview<CT, S...>>,
+                                           xview_stepper<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value, CT, S...>>;
 
-        using const_stepper = std::conditional_t<
-            is_strided_view,
-            xstepper<const xview<CT, S...>>,
-            xview_stepper<true, std::remove_cv_t<CT>, S...>>;
+        using const_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_strided_view,
+                                                 xstepper<const xview<CT, S...>>,
+                                                 xview_stepper<true, std::remove_cv_t<CT>, S...>>;
     };
 
     /**
@@ -352,9 +354,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     class xview : public xview_semantic<xview<CT, S...>>,
                   public std::conditional_t<
-                      detail::is_contiguous_view<std::decay_t<CT>, S...>::value,
-                      xcontiguous_iterable<xview<CT, S...>>,
-                      xiterable<xview<CT, S...>>>,
+                    detail::is_contiguous_view<std::decay_t<CT>, S...>::value,
+                    xcontiguous_iterable<xview<CT, S...>>,
+                    xiterable<xview<CT, S...>>>,
                   public xaccessible<xview<CT, S...>>,
                   public extension::xview_base_t<CT, S...>
     {
@@ -376,8 +378,9 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = typename xexpression_type::bool_load_type;
         using reference = typename inner_types::reference;
         using const_reference = typename inner_types::const_reference;
-        using pointer = std::
-            conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_pointer, typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
+        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
+                                           typename xexpression_type::const_pointer,
+                                           typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
         using const_pointer = typename xexpression_type::const_pointer;
         using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
@@ -392,35 +395,28 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_shape_type = typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type;
         using shape_type = typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-            detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+                                                                   detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
+                                                                   get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-            detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+                                                                       detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
+                                                                       get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
 
-        static constexpr bool has_trivial_strides = is_contiguous_view
-                                                    && !xtl::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
-        using inner_strides_type = std::conditional_t<
-            has_trivial_strides,
-            typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<
-                xexpression_type::static_layout,
-                xexpression_inner_strides_type,
-                integral_count<S...>()>::type,
-            get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
-
-        using inner_backstrides_type = std::conditional_t<
-            has_trivial_strides,
-            typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<
-                xexpression_type::static_layout,
-                xexpression_inner_backstrides_type,
-                integral_count<S...>()>::type,
-            get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
+        static constexpr bool has_trivial_strides = is_contiguous_view && !xtl::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
+        using inner_strides_type = std::conditional_t<has_trivial_strides,
+                                                      typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<xexpression_type::static_layout,
+                                                                                               xexpression_inner_strides_type,
+                                                                                               integral_count<S...>()>::type,
+                                                      get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
+
+        using inner_backstrides_type = std::conditional_t<has_trivial_strides,
+                                                          typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<xexpression_type::static_layout,
+                                                                                                   xexpression_inner_backstrides_type,
+                                                                                                   integral_count<S...>()>::type,
+                                                          get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
 
         using strides_type = get_strides_t<shape_type>;
         using backstrides_type = strides_type;
@@ -431,21 +427,21 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
 
-        using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
-            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
-            std::conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator, typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
-            typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
-        using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
-            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
-            typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
-            typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
+        using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+                                                    std::conditional_t<is_const,
+                                                        typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
+                                                        typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
+                                                    typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
+        using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+                                                          typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
+                                                          typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<linear_iterator>;
         using const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using container_iterator = pointer;
         using const_container_iterator = const_pointer;
-        static constexpr std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
+        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         // The FSL argument prevents the compiler from calling this constructor
         // instead of the copy constructor when sizeof...(SL) == 0.
@@ -494,36 +490,48 @@ namespace xt
         bool has_linear_assign(const ST& strides) const;
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
+        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
+        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
+        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
+        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&> storage();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
+        storage();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&> storage() const;
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
+        storage() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_begin();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
+        linear_begin();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_end();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
+        linear_end();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
@@ -574,10 +582,12 @@ namespace xt
         backstrides() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer> data() const;
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
+        data() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer> data();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
+        data();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
@@ -610,13 +620,11 @@ namespace xt
         size_type underlying_size(size_type dim) const;
 
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<self_type&> operator&() &;
-        xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&> operator&() const&;
+        xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&> operator&() const &;
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<self_type> operator&() &&;
 
-        template <
-            class E,
-            class T = xexpression_type,
-            class = std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_contiguous_view, int>>
+        template <class E, class T = xexpression_type,
+                  class = std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_contiguous_view, int>>
         void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const;
 
         template <class E>
@@ -638,11 +646,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class align, class simd, class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, void> store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
 
-        template <
-            class align,
-            class requested_type = value_type,
-            std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
-            class T = xexpression_type>
+        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
+                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
+                  class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>> load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
@@ -783,7 +789,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        using view_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const xview<CT, S...>, xview<CT, S...>>;
+        using view_type = std::conditional_t<is_const,
+                                             const xview<CT, S...>,
+                                             xview<CT, S...>>;
         using substepper_type = get_stepper<view_type>;
 
         using value_type = typename substepper_type::value_type;
@@ -795,13 +803,8 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = typename substepper_type::shape_type;
 
         xview_stepper() = default;
-        xview_stepper(
-            view_type* view,
-            substepper_type it,
-            size_type offset,
-            bool end = false,
-            layout_type l = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL
-        );
+        xview_stepper(view_type* view, substepper_type it,
+                      size_type offset, bool end = false, layout_type l = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL);
 
         reference operator*() const;
 
@@ -884,7 +887,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::forward<CTA>(e),
             std::forward<FSL>(first_slice),
             std::forward<SL>(slices)...
-        )
+          )
     {
     }
 
@@ -892,26 +895,25 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class CTA, class FSL, class... SL>
     xview<CT, S...>::xview(std::true_type, CTA&& e, FSL&& first_slice, SL&&... slices) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
-        , m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...)
-        , m_shape(compute_shape(detail::is_sequence_view<inner_shape_type>{}))
-        , m_strides(m_e.strides())
-        , m_backstrides(m_e.backstrides())
-        , m_data_offset(data_offset_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>()))
-        , m_strides_computed(true)
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)),
+          m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...),
+          m_shape(compute_shape(detail::is_sequence_view<inner_shape_type>{})),
+          m_strides(m_e.strides()),
+          m_backstrides(m_e.backstrides()),
+          m_data_offset(data_offset_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>())),
+          m_strides_computed(true)
     {
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class CTA, class FSL, class... SL>
     xview<CT, S...>::xview(std::false_type, CTA&& e, FSL&& first_slice, SL&&... slices) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
-        , m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...)
-        , m_shape(compute_shape(std::false_type{}))
-        , m_strides_computed(false)
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)),
+          m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...),
+          m_shape(compute_shape(std::false_type{})),
+          m_strides_computed(false)
     {
     }
-
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -934,7 +936,6 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
-
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -973,36 +974,50 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline layout_type xview<CT, S...>::layout() const noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
-            [&](auto self)
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
+        {
+            if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
             {
-                if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
-                {
-                    return static_layout;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    bool strides_match = do_strides_match(
-                        self(this)->shape(),
-                        self(this)->strides(),
-                        self(this)->m_e.layout(),
-                        true
-                    );
-                    return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
-                }
-            },
-            /* else */
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
+                return static_layout;
+            }
+            else
             {
-                return layout_type::dynamic;
+				return self(this)->m_e.layout()==layout_type::row_major ?
+					((self(this)->strides()[self(this)->strides().size()-1] == 1) ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic) :
+					((self(this)->strides()[0] == 1) ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic);
+					
+                bool strides_match = do_strides_match(self(this)->shape(), self(this)->strides(), self(this)->m_e.layout(), true);
+                return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
             }
-        );
+        },
+        /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
+        {
+			std::cout << "View is not strided!" << std::endl;
+            return layout_type::dynamic;
+        });
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline bool xview<CT, S...>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
-        return layout() != layout_type::dynamic;
+		return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
+        {
+            if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bool strides_match = do_strides_match(self(this)->shape(), self(this)->strides(), self(this)->m_e.layout(), true);
+                return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout()!=layout_type::dynamic : false;
+            }
+        },
+        /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
+        {
+            return false;
+        });
+		
+//         return layout() != layout_type::dynamic;
     }
 
     //@}
@@ -1020,17 +1035,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xview<CT, S...>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
-            }
-        );
+        xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>([&](auto self)
+        {
+            std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
+        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
+        {
+            std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
+        });
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1076,6 +1087,7 @@ namespace xt
         return unchecked_impl(make_index_sequence(args...), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
 
+
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class It>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
@@ -1163,15 +1175,16 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() ->
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const ->
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
@@ -1277,8 +1290,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const ->
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1290,8 +1303,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const ->
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1306,16 +1319,16 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const ->
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() ->
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -1324,9 +1337,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t... I>
     inline std::size_t xview<CT, S...>::data_offset_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
     {
-        auto temp = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(S)>(
-            {(static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(xt::value(std::get<I>(m_slices), 0)))...}
-        );
+        auto temp = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(S)>({
+            (static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(xt::value(std::get<I>(m_slices), 0)))...
+        });
 
         std::ptrdiff_t result = 0;
         std::size_t i = 0;
@@ -1346,8 +1359,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept ->
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1356,7 +1369,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
         return m_data_offset;
     }
-
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1372,7 +1384,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::operator&() const& -> xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::operator&() const & -> xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&>
     {
         return xtl::closure_pointer(*this);
     }
@@ -1409,20 +1421,15 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline bool xview<CT, S...>::has_linear_assign(const ST& str) const
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return str.size() == self(this)->strides().size()
-                       && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), self(this)->strides().begin());
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [](auto /*self*/)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-        );
-    }
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
+        {
+            return str.size() == self(this)->strides().size() &&
+                std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), self(this)->strides().begin());
 
+        }, /*else*/ [](auto /*self*/){
+            return false;
+        });
+    }
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1458,8 +1465,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
-        -> const_container_iterator
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept -> const_container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(data() + data_offset(), l, offset);
     }
@@ -1497,8 +1503,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const
-        -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
     {
         return m_e.template load_simd<xt_simd::unaligned_mode, requested_type>(data_offset() + i);
     }
@@ -1537,10 +1542,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::make_index_sequence(Args...) const noexcept
     {
-        return std::make_index_sequence<
-            (sizeof...(Args) + integral_count<S...>() > newaxis_count<S...>()
-                 ? sizeof...(Args) + integral_count<S...>() - newaxis_count<S...>()
-                 : 0)>();
+        return std::make_index_sequence<(sizeof...(Args)+integral_count<S...>() > newaxis_count<S...>() ?
+                                         sizeof...(Args)+integral_count<S...>() - newaxis_count<S...>() :
+                                         0)>();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1548,12 +1552,11 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::compute_strides_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
     {
         std::size_t original_dim = m_e.dimension();
-        return std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>(
-            {(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(xt::step_size(std::get<integral_skip<S...>(I)>(m_slices), 1))
-              * ((integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))) < original_dim
-                     ? m_e.strides()[integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))]
-                     : 1))...}
-        );
+        return std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>({
+            (static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(xt::step_size(std::get<integral_skip<S...>(I)>(m_slices), 1)) *
+                ((integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))) < original_dim ?
+                m_e.strides()[integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))] : 1))...
+        });
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1629,8 +1632,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type... I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const
-        -> const_reference
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const -> const_reference
     {
         return m_e.unchecked(index<I>(args...)...);
     }
@@ -1651,19 +1653,15 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const -> std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
     {
-        return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(
-            std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices),
-            args...
-        );
+        return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>
+            (std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices), args...);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const -> std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
     {
         return argument<I - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>()>(args...);
     }
@@ -1680,8 +1678,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::sliced_access(const xslice<T>& slice, Arg arg, Args... args) const -> size_type
     {
         using ST = typename T::size_type;
-        return static_cast<size_type>(slice.derived_cast(
-        )(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...)));
+        return static_cast<size_type>(slice.derived_cast()(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...)));
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1698,17 +1695,14 @@ namespace xt
         auto index = xtl::make_sequence<base_index_type>(m_e.dimension(), 0);
         using diff_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type;
         using ivalue_type = typename base_index_type::value_type;
-        auto func1 = [&first](const auto& s) noexcept
-        {
+        auto func1 = [&first](const auto& s) noexcept {
             return get_slice_value(s, first);
         };
-        auto func2 = [](const auto& s) noexcept
-        {
+        auto func2 = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
             return xt::value(s, 0);
         };
 
-        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>((std::min
-        )(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension()));
+        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>((std::min)(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension()));
         auto first_copy = last - s;
         for (size_type i = 0; i != m_e.dimension(); ++i)
         {
@@ -1720,12 +1714,13 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (first < last)
             {
-                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(k, func1, m_slices)
-                                            : static_cast<ivalue_type>(*first);
+                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ?
+                    apply<size_type>(k, func1, m_slices) : static_cast<ivalue_type>(*first);
             }
             else
             {
-                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(k, func2, m_slices) : ivalue_type(0);
+                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ?
+                    apply<size_type>(k, func2, m_slices) : ivalue_type(0);
             }
         }
         return index;
@@ -1742,15 +1737,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::size_t dim = m_e.dimension() - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>();
         auto shape = xtl::make_sequence<inner_shape_type>(dim, 0);
-        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
-        {
-            return get_size(s);
-        };
+        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return get_size(s); };
         for (size_type i = 0; i != dim; ++i)
         {
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(i);
-            shape[i] = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, m_slices)
-                                            : m_e.shape()[index - newaxis_count_before<S...>(index)];
+            shape[i] = index < sizeof...(S) ?
+                apply<size_type>(index, func, m_slices) : m_e.shape()[index - newaxis_count_before<S...>(index)];
         }
         return shape;
     }
@@ -1764,8 +1756,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class V, class T>
-        inline void
-        run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
+        inline void run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
         {
             std::copy(t.cbegin(), t.cend(), v.begin());
         }
@@ -1774,8 +1765,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview<CT, S...>::assign_temporary_impl(temporary_type&& tmp)
     {
-        constexpr bool fast_assign = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value
-                                     && xassign_traits<xview<CT, S...>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
+        constexpr bool fast_assign = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value && \
+                                     xassign_traits<xview<CT, S...>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
         xview_detail::run_assign_temporary_impl(*this, tmp, std::integral_constant<bool, fast_assign>{});
     }
 
@@ -1808,13 +1799,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             // Checks that no ellipsis slice is used
             using view_type = xview<xtl::closure_type_t<E>, get_slice_type<std::decay_t<E>, S>...>;
-            return view_type(
-                std::forward<E>(e),
-                get_slice_implementation(
-                    e,
-                    std::forward<S>(slices),
-                    get_underlying_shape_index<std::decay_t<E>, S...>(I)
-                )...
+            return view_type(std::forward<E>(e),
+                get_slice_implementation(e, std::forward<S>(slices), get_underlying_shape_index<std::decay_t<E>, S...>(I))...
             );
         }
     }
@@ -1831,11 +1817,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class... S>
     inline auto view(E&& e, S&&... slices)
     {
-        return detail::make_view_impl(
-            std::forward<E>(e),
-            std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(),
-            std::forward<S>(slices)...
-        );
+        return detail::make_view_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(), std::forward<S>(slices)...);
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -1843,9 +1825,8 @@ namespace xt
         class row_impl
         {
         public:
-
-            template <class E>
-            inline static auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
+            template<class E>
+            static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
                 check_dimension(shape);
@@ -1853,21 +1834,17 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
         private:
-
-            template <class S>
-            inline static void check_dimension(const S& shape)
+            template<class S>
+            static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(
-                        std::invalid_argument,
-                        "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions"
-                    );
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
                 }
             }
 
-            template <class T, std::size_t N>
-            inline static void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
+            template<class T, std::size_t N>
+            static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
             }
@@ -1876,9 +1853,8 @@ namespace xt
         class column_impl
         {
         public:
-
-            template <class E>
-            inline static auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
+            template<class E>
+            static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
                 check_dimension(shape);
@@ -1886,21 +1862,17 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
         private:
-
-            template <class S>
-            inline static void check_dimension(const S& shape)
+            template<class S>
+            static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(
-                        std::invalid_argument,
-                        "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions"
-                    );
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
                 }
             }
 
-            template <class T, std::size_t N>
-            inline static void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
+            template<class T, std::size_t N>
+            static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
             }
@@ -1951,8 +1923,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, m_e.stepper_end(m_e.shape(), l), offset, true, l);
@@ -1960,8 +1931,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
@@ -1970,8 +1940,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
@@ -1988,8 +1957,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -1997,8 +1965,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
@@ -2006,8 +1973,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const-> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -2018,24 +1984,14 @@ namespace xt
      ********************************/
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
-    inline xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::xview_stepper(
-        view_type* view,
-        substepper_type it,
-        size_type offset,
-        bool end,
-        layout_type l
-    )
-        : p_view(view)
-        , m_it(it)
-        , m_offset(offset)
+    inline xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::xview_stepper(view_type* view, substepper_type it,
+                                                            size_type offset, bool end, layout_type l)
+        : p_view(view), m_it(it), m_offset(offset)
     {
         if (!end)
         {
             std::fill(m_index_keeper.begin(), m_index_keeper.end(), 0);
-            auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
-            {
-                return xt::value(s, 0);
-            };
+            auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return xt::value(s, 0); };
             for (size_type i = 0; i < sizeof...(S); ++i)
             {
                 if (!is_newaxis_slice(i))
@@ -2061,18 +2017,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
-        {
-            m_it.step(index, offset);
-        };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
         common_step_forward(dim, func);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
-        {
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) {
             m_it.step_back(index, offset);
         };
         common_step_backward(dim, func);
@@ -2081,18 +2033,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
-        {
-            m_it.step(index, offset);
-        };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
         common_step_forward(dim, n, func);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step_back(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
-        {
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) {
             m_it.step_back(index, offset);
         };
         common_step_backward(dim, n, func);
@@ -2101,20 +2049,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::reset(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
-        {
-            m_it.step_back(index, offset);
-        };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step_back(index, offset); };
         common_reset(dim, func, false);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::reset_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
-        {
-            m_it.step(index, offset);
-        };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
         common_reset(dim, func, true);
     }
 
@@ -2142,12 +2084,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::to_end_impl(layout_type l)
     {
-        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
-        {
+        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
             return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1);
         };
-        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
-        {
+        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
             return get_size(s);
         };
 
@@ -2197,15 +2137,14 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept
-            {
+            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim]++, 1);
             };
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
-                                                           : 1;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
+                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : 1;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2218,8 +2157,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept
-            {
+            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
                 auto st_size = step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], n);
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim] += n;
                 return size_type(st_size);
@@ -2228,8 +2166,8 @@ namespace xt
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
-                                                           : n;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
+                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : n;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2242,16 +2180,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept
-            {
+            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim]--;
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], 1);
             };
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
-                                                           : 1;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
+                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : 1;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2264,8 +2201,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept
-            {
+            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim] -= n;
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], n);
             };
@@ -2273,8 +2209,8 @@ namespace xt
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
-                                                           : n;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
+                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : n;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2285,27 +2221,19 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F>
     void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::common_reset(size_type dim, F f, bool backwards)
     {
-        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
-        {
-            return get_size(s);
-        };
-        auto end_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
-        {
-            return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1) - xt::value(s, 0);
-        };
+        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return get_size(s); };
+        auto end_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1) - xt::value(s, 0); };
 
         size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
         if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
         {
             if (dim < m_index_keeper.size())
             {
-                size_type size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, size_func, p_view->slices())
-                                                      : p_view->shape()[dim];
+                size_type size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, size_func, p_view->slices()) : p_view->shape()[dim];
                 m_index_keeper[dim] = backwards ? size - 1 : 0;
             }
 
-            size_type reset_n = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, end_func, p_view->slices())
-                                                     : p_view->shape()[dim] - 1;
+            size_type reset_n = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, end_func, p_view->slices()) : p_view->shape()[dim] - 1;
             index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
             f(index, reset_n);
         }

From 643b6016dca9019525ad6178305d89f004507d9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern.starruss@tu-dresden.de>
Date: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 15:54:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 425/606] Fix openMP parallel linear assign

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 7c67da273..5ce72a6e5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -657,22 +657,22 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        if (size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
+        if (size >= size_typeXTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
         {
-            #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
-    #ifndef _WIN32
+#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
+#ifndef _WIN32
             for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
             {
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
             }
-    #else
+#else
             for(auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
                 i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
             {
                 size_type ui = static_cast<size_type>(i);
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(ui, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(ui));
             }
-    #endif
+#endif
         }
         else
         {
@@ -719,10 +719,21 @@ namespace xt
             *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
         });
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
-        for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
+        if (n >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
-            *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
+#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
+            for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
+            {
+                *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
+            {
+                *dst = static_cast<value_type>(*src);
+                ++src;
+                ++dst;
+            }  
         }
 #else
         for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
@@ -1022,7 +1033,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 // 		std::cout << "OUTER LOOP size is " << outer_loop_size << " INNER LOOP size is " << inner_loop_size <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		if (outer_loop_size>50) {
+		if (outer_loop_size>20) {
 			std::size_t first_step = true;
 #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
 			for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)

From 8e75d92156308c7b67cc586c362dc481b79dc239 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern@starruss.de>
Date: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 18:02:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 426/606] Fix typo on xassign.hpp

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 5ce72a6e5..dd8d79713 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        if (size >= size_typeXTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
+        if (size >= size_type(XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
         {
 #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
 #ifndef _WIN32

From 63381a8dba4678758f79b8b354db6aac30059617 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern.starruss@tu-dresden.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Feb 2021 13:09:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 427/606] initial thoughts parallel strided assign

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 316 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 205 insertions(+), 111 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index dd8d79713..fbf2dfcfd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
-#include <functional>
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
         {
             return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>()) ||
-                   (e1.is_contiguous() && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
+                   (e1.layout() != layout_type::dynamic && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -343,7 +342,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         static constexpr bool simd_size_impl() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd()); }
         static constexpr bool simd_size() { return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>(); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() &&
+        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() && 
                                                         has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
 
     public:
@@ -395,7 +394,7 @@ namespace xt
                 linear_assigner<false>::run(de1, de2);
             }
         }
-        else if (simd_strided_assign && de1.layout() == de2.layout())
+        else if (simd_strided_assign)
         {
             strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
         }
@@ -419,20 +418,16 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xexpression_assigner<Tag>::computed_assign(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
         using shape_type = typename E1::shape_type;
-        using comperator_type = std::greater<typename shape_type::value_type>;
-
         using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
 
         E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
 
-        size_type dim2 = de2.dimension();
-        shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim2);
-
+        size_type dim = de2.dimension();
+        shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim);
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
-        auto && de1_shape = de1.shape();
-        if (dim2 > de1.dimension() || std::lexicographical_compare(shape.begin(), shape.end(), de1_shape.begin(), de1_shape.end(), comperator_type()))
+        if (dim > de1.dimension() || shape > de1.shape())
         {
             typename E1::temporary_type tmp(shape);
             base_type::assign_data(tmp, e2, trivial_broadcast);
@@ -620,7 +615,6 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<simd_assign>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-// 		std::cout << "lin" << std::endl;
         using lhs_align_mode = xt_simd::container_alignment_t<E1>;
         constexpr bool is_aligned = std::is_same<lhs_align_mode, aligned_mode>::value;
         using rhs_align_mode = std::conditional_t<is_aligned, inner_aligned_mode, unaligned_mode>;
@@ -642,37 +636,27 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        if (size >= XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD)
-        {
-            tbb::parallel_for(align_begin, align_end, simd_size, [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
-            {
-                e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
-            });
-        }
-        else
+        tbb::parallel_for(align_begin, align_end, simd_size, [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
         {
-            for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
-            {
-                e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
-            }
-        }
+            e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
+        });
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        if (size >= size_type(XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
+        if (size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
-#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
-#ifndef _WIN32
+            #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
+    #ifndef _WIN32
             for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
             {
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
             }
-#else
+    #else
             for(auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
                 i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
             {
                 size_type ui = static_cast<size_type>(i);
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(ui, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(ui));
             }
-#endif
+    #endif
         }
         else
         {
@@ -712,28 +696,17 @@ namespace xt
         auto src = linear_begin(e2);
         auto dst = linear_begin(e1);
         size_type n = e1.size();
-// 		std::cout << "Linear assigner LOOP SIZE is " << n <<std::endl;
+
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         tbb::parallel_for(std::ptrdiff_t(0), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n), [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
         {
             *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
         });
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        if (n >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
+        #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
+        for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
         {
-#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
-            for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
-            {
-                *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
-            {
-                *dst = static_cast<value_type>(*src);
-                ++src;
-                ++dst;
-            }  
+            *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
         }
 #else
         for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
@@ -783,29 +756,75 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
                      
+            template <class T>
+            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T&outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+			{
+				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
+				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
+				for (; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+						// we filled up all dimensions required
+						break;
+					}
+					else if (outer_index[i] !=0) {
+						outer_index[i] = 0;
+						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
+						if (i>0) {
+							outer_index[i-1]++;
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						if (i>0) {
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+                }
+                i++;
+				// add remaining iterations
+				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+					}
+					else {
+						// that may not happen
+					}
+                }
+			}
+			
 			template <class T>
-            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
 			{
+				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
+				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
 				
-				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
-				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
+				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				i--
 				// compute strides
-				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
-				for ( size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0; i--) {
-					stride_sizes[i-1] = (i==outer_shape.size()) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-				}
+				for (; i >= 0; i--) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i+1] * outer_shape[i+1]; }
 				
 				// compute index
-				for (size_type i=0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++)
+				for (i=0; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
                 {
 					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
 					if (d_idx < outer_shape[i]) {
-						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
 						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
 					}
 					else {
 						// that may not happen
-						outer_index[i] = 0;
 					}
                 }
 			}
@@ -835,27 +854,80 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
             
+            			template <class T>
+            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+			{
+				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+				size_type i = 0;
+				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
+				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+						// we filled up all dimensions required
+						break;
+					}
+					else if (outer_index[i] != 0) {
+						outer_index[i] = 0;
+						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
+						
+						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							outer_index[i+1]++;
+							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
+							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
+							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+						}
+					}
+                }
+                i--;
+				// add remaining iterations
+				for (; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
+					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+					}
+					else {
+						// that may not happen
+					}
+                }
+			}
+			
 			template <class T>
-            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
 			{
-				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
-				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
-				
+				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
 				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
+				size_type i = 0;
+				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
+				i++;
 				
 				// compute required strides
-				for (size_type i = 0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = (i==0) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
+				for (; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
 				
 				// compute index
-				for (size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0;)
-				{
-					i--;
+                i = outer_shape.size()-1;
+				for (; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
 					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
 					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
+						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
 						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
 					}
-// 					else {}   // that may not happen
+					else {
+						// that may not happen
+					}
                 }
 			}
         };
@@ -924,13 +996,11 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::row_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
-				if (cut<e1.strides().size()-1) cut = e1.strides().size()-1;
             }
             else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
-				if (cut>1) cut = 1;
             } // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
 
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
@@ -950,6 +1020,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+#define strided_row_major_fallback
 #define strided_parallel_assign
     template <bool simd>
     template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -957,10 +1028,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         bool is_row_major = true;
         using fallback_assigner = stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>;
+
         if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic)
         {
             layout_type dynamic_layout = e1.layout();
-
             switch (dynamic_layout)
             {
                 case layout_type::row_major:
@@ -970,7 +1041,11 @@ namespace xt
                     is_row_major = false;
                     break;
                 default:
+#ifdef strided_row_major_fallback
+					is_row_major = true;
+#else
                     return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
+#endif
             }
         }
         else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::row_major)
@@ -1031,55 +1106,75 @@ namespace xt
         {
             step_dim = cut;
         }
-// 		std::cout << "OUTER LOOP size is " << outer_loop_size << " INNER LOOP size is " << inner_loop_size <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		if (outer_loop_size>20) {
-			std::size_t first_step = true;
+		static bool reported = false;
+		if (!reported) {
+			std::cout << "SIMD size is " << simd_type::size << " step_dim " << step_dim << std::endl;
+			reported = true;
+		}
+		std::cout << "+";
+		std::size_t first_step = true;
+// #define old_parallel
 #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
-			for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
-			{
-				if (first_step) {
-					is_row_major ?
-						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
-						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
+        for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
+        {
+			if (first_step) {
+				is_row_major ?
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                {
+                    fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                }
+                first_step = false;
+			}
+			else {
+				// next unaligned index
+				if (is_row_major) {
+					auto i = max_shape.size()-1;
+// 					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
+// 					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
+					fct_stepper.reset(i+1);
+					res_stepper.reset(i+1);
+					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
+					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
 					
-					for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+			
+					for (; i >= 0; --i)
 					{
-						fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-						res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+						if (idx[i] + 1 >= max_shape[i])
+						{
+							idx[i] = 0;
+							fct_stepper.reset(i);
+							res_stepper.reset(i);
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							idx[i]++;
+							fct_stepper.step(i, 1);
+							res_stepper.step(i, 1);
+							break;
+						}
 					}
-					first_step = false;
-				}
-
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
-				{
-					res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
 				}
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
-				{
-					*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
-					res_stepper.step_leading();
-					fct_stepper.step_leading();
-				}
-				
-				// next unaligned index
-				is_row_major ?
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
-					
-				// need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
-				fct_stepper.to_begin();
-				res_stepper.to_begin();
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
-				{
-					fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-					res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+				else {
+					std::cout << "oops" << std::endl;
 				}
+// 				std:: cout << "Next index is " << idx[0] << "," << idx[1] << ","<<idx.size() << "," << cut << std::endl;
 			}
-		}
-		else {
-		
-#endif
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
+			{
+				res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+			}
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+			{
+				*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+				res_stepper.step_leading();
+				fct_stepper.step_leading();
+			}
+        }
+#else
         for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
         {
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
@@ -1117,8 +1212,7 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
         }
-#if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		}
+
 #endif
 	}
 

From 01e156e94ede732a5f43229991b24d379eb1c54f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern.starruss@tu-dresden.de>
Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 23:30:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 428/606] trigger strided assign properly

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 260 ++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 70 insertions(+), 190 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index fbf2dfcfd..99797bcb7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
         {
             return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>()) ||
-                   (e1.layout() != layout_type::dynamic && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
+                   (e1.is_contiguous() && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ namespace xt
                 linear_assigner<false>::run(de1, de2);
             }
         }
-        else if (simd_strided_assign)
+        else if (simd_strided_assign && de1.layout() == de2.layout())
         {
             strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
         }
@@ -615,6 +615,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<simd_assign>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
+// 		std::cout << "lin" << std::endl;
         using lhs_align_mode = xt_simd::container_alignment_t<E1>;
         constexpr bool is_aligned = std::is_same<lhs_align_mode, aligned_mode>::value;
         using rhs_align_mode = std::conditional_t<is_aligned, inner_aligned_mode, unaligned_mode>;
@@ -696,7 +697,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto src = linear_begin(e2);
         auto dst = linear_begin(e1);
         size_type n = e1.size();
-
+// 		std::cout << "Linear assigner LOOP SIZE is " << n <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         tbb::parallel_for(std::ptrdiff_t(0), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n), [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
         {
@@ -756,75 +757,29 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
                      
-            template <class T>
-            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T&outer_index, T& outer_shape)
-			{
-				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
-				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
-				for (; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-						// we filled up all dimensions required
-						break;
-					}
-					else if (outer_index[i] !=0) {
-						outer_index[i] = 0;
-						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
-						if (i>0) {
-							outer_index[i-1]++;
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-					else {
-						if (i>0) {
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							stride_sizes[i-1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-                }
-                i++;
-				// add remaining iterations
-				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-					}
-					else {
-						// that may not happen
-					}
-                }
-			}
-			
 			template <class T>
-            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
 			{
-				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
-				auto stride_sizes = full_like(outer_shape,0);
 				
-				auto i = outer_index.size()-1;
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				i--
+				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
+				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
 				// compute strides
-				for (; i >= 0; i--) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i+1] * outer_shape[i+1]; }
+				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+				for ( size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0; i--) {
+					stride_sizes[i-1] = (i==outer_shape.size()) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+				}
 				
 				// compute index
-				for (i=0; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
+				for (size_type i=0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++)
                 {
 					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
 					if (d_idx < outer_shape[i]) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
 						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
 					}
 					else {
 						// that may not happen
+						outer_index[i] = 0;
 					}
                 }
 			}
@@ -854,80 +809,27 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
             
-            			template <class T>
-            static void nth_next_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
-			{
-				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
-				size_type i = 0;
-				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				// fill up dimensions in the outer_idx as required
-				for (; i < outer_index.size(); i++)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i])) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n-=d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-						// we filled up all dimensions required
-						break;
-					}
-					else if (outer_index[i] != 0) {
-						outer_index[i] = 0;
-						n-=(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1) * stride_sizes[i];
-						
-						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							outer_index[i+1]++;
-							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-					else {
-						if (i+1<outer_index.size()) {
-							// compute stride sizes on the fly ...
-							stride_sizes[i+1] = stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-						}
-					}
-                }
-                i--;
-				// add remaining iterations
-				for (; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-outer_index[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
-						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-					}
-					else {
-						// that may not happen
-					}
-                }
-			}
-			
 			template <class T>
-            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, T& outer_shape)
+            static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
 			{
-				// assume outer_index is filled with 0
+				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
+				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
+				
 				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
-				auto stride_sizes = outer_shape;
-				size_type i = 0;
-				stride_sizes[i] = 1;
-				i++;
 				
 				// compute required strides
-				for (; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
+				for (size_type i = 0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = (i==0) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
 				
 				// compute index
-                i = outer_shape.size()-1;
-				for (; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
+				for (size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0;)
+				{
+					i--;
 					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
 					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] += d_idx;
+						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
 						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
 					}
-					else {
-						// that may not happen
-					}
+// 					else {}   // that may not happen
                 }
 			}
         };
@@ -996,11 +898,13 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::row_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
+				if (cut<e1.strides().size()-1) cut = e1.strides().size()-1;
             }
             else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
+				if (cut>1) cut = 1;
             } // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
 
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
@@ -1020,7 +924,6 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-#define strided_row_major_fallback
 #define strided_parallel_assign
     template <bool simd>
     template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -1028,10 +931,10 @@ namespace xt
     {
         bool is_row_major = true;
         using fallback_assigner = stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>;
-
         if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic)
         {
             layout_type dynamic_layout = e1.layout();
+
             switch (dynamic_layout)
             {
                 case layout_type::row_major:
@@ -1041,11 +944,7 @@ namespace xt
                     is_row_major = false;
                     break;
                 default:
-#ifdef strided_row_major_fallback
-					is_row_major = true;
-#else
                     return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
-#endif
             }
         }
         else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::row_major)
@@ -1106,75 +1005,55 @@ namespace xt
         {
             step_dim = cut;
         }
+// 		std::cout << "OUTER LOOP size is " << outer_loop_size << " INNER LOOP size is " << inner_loop_size <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		static bool reported = false;
-		if (!reported) {
-			std::cout << "SIMD size is " << simd_type::size << " step_dim " << step_dim << std::endl;
-			reported = true;
-		}
-		std::cout << "+";
-		std::size_t first_step = true;
-// #define old_parallel
+		if (outer_loop_size>50) {
+			std::size_t first_step = true;
 #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
-        for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
-        {
-			if (first_step) {
-				is_row_major ?
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_next_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
-                {
-                    fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                    res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                }
-                first_step = false;
-			}
-			else {
-				// next unaligned index
-				if (is_row_major) {
-					auto i = max_shape.size()-1;
-// 					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
-// 					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,inner_loop_size);
-					fct_stepper.reset(i+1);
-					res_stepper.reset(i+1);
-					fct_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
-					res_stepper.step_back(i+1,1);
+			for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
+			{
+				if (first_step) {
+					is_row_major ?
+						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
+						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
 					
-			
-					for (; i >= 0; --i)
+					for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
 					{
-						if (idx[i] + 1 >= max_shape[i])
-						{
-							idx[i] = 0;
-							fct_stepper.reset(i);
-							res_stepper.reset(i);
-						}
-						else
-						{
-							idx[i]++;
-							fct_stepper.step(i, 1);
-							res_stepper.step(i, 1);
-							break;
-						}
+						fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+						res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
 					}
+					first_step = false;
 				}
-				else {
-					std::cout << "oops" << std::endl;
+
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
+				{
+					res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+				}
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+				{
+					*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+					res_stepper.step_leading();
+					fct_stepper.step_leading();
+				}
+				
+				// next unaligned index
+				is_row_major ?
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
+					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+					
+				// need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+				fct_stepper.to_begin();
+				res_stepper.to_begin();
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+				{
+					fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+					res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
 				}
-// 				std:: cout << "Next index is " << idx[0] << "," << idx[1] << ","<<idx.size() << "," << cut << std::endl;
-			}
-			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
-			{
-				res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
-			}
-			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
-			{
-				*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
-				res_stepper.step_leading();
-				fct_stepper.step_leading();
 			}
-        }
-#else
+		}
+		else {
+		
+#endif
         for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
         {
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
@@ -1212,7 +1091,8 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
         }
-
+#if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
+		}
 #endif
 	}
 

From da29eda99c086a83dbedba35a7d10ac4011137ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern.starruss@tu-dresden.de>
Date: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 15:54:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 429/606] Fix openMP parallel linear assign

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 99797bcb7..3e1f0af9e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -642,22 +642,22 @@ namespace xt
             e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
         });
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        if (size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
+        if (size >= size_typeXTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
         {
-            #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
-    #ifndef _WIN32
+#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
+#ifndef _WIN32
             for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
             {
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
             }
-    #else
+#else
             for(auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
                 i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
             {
                 size_type ui = static_cast<size_type>(i);
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(ui, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(ui));
             }
-    #endif
+#endif
         }
         else
         {
@@ -704,10 +704,21 @@ namespace xt
             *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
         });
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
-        for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
+        if (n >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
-            *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
+#pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
+            for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
+            {
+                *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
+            {
+                *dst = static_cast<value_type>(*src);
+                ++src;
+                ++dst;
+            }  
         }
 #else
         for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
@@ -1007,7 +1018,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 // 		std::cout << "OUTER LOOP size is " << outer_loop_size << " INNER LOOP size is " << inner_loop_size <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		if (outer_loop_size>50) {
+		if (outer_loop_size>20) {
 			std::size_t first_step = true;
 #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
 			for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)

From 1531f81d5ba318f96367c9e7b7d8862ca80536c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern@starruss.de>
Date: Wed, 30 Nov 2022 18:02:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 430/606] Fix typo on xassign.hpp

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 3e1f0af9e..87dc9e3c5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ namespace xt
             e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
         });
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-        if (size >= size_typeXTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
+        if (size >= size_type(XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
         {
 #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(align_begin, align_end, e1, e2)
 #ifndef _WIN32

From 198b3852c7289124a35f2cd91ef2df345d6e330d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 02:55:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 431/606] Fix wrong merge

---
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp | 624 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 356 insertions(+), 268 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 931bb67a9..52b7c33c0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_VIEW_HPP
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
 #include "xaccessible.hpp"
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xview_utils.hpp"
 
-
 namespace xt
 {
 
@@ -76,26 +75,22 @@ namespace xt
     {
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xrange
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_xrange : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xrange<xrange<T>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_xrange<xrange<T>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class S>
-        struct is_xall_slice
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_xall_slice : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_xall_slice<xall<T>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_xall_slice<xall<T>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
@@ -134,32 +129,33 @@ namespace xt
         template <class CT, class... S>
         struct is_xscalar_impl<xview<CT, S...>>
         {
-            static constexpr bool value = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(integral_count<S...>()) == static_dimension<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type>::value ? true : false;
+            static constexpr bool value = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(integral_count<S...>()
+                                          ) == static_dimension<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type>::value
+                                              ? true
+                                              : false;
         };
 
         template <class S>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl
-            : std::true_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>>
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>> : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>>
-            : std::false_type
+        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>> : std::false_type
         {
         };
 
         // If we have no discontiguous slices, we can calculate strides for this view.
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_strided_view
-            : std::integral_constant<bool, xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>,
-                                                            is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
+            : std::integral_constant<
+                  bool,
+                  xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>, is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
         {
         };
 
@@ -183,7 +179,10 @@ namespace xt
             static constexpr bool have_all_seen = all_seen || is_all_slice;
             static constexpr bool have_range_seen = is_range_slice;
 
-            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid && (have_all_seen ? is_all_slice : (!range_seen && (is_int_slice || is_range_slice)));
+            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid
+                                             && (have_all_seen
+                                                     ? is_all_slice
+                                                     : (!range_seen && (is_int_slice || is_range_slice)));
 
             static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major,
                                                                   is_valid,
@@ -217,12 +216,13 @@ namespace xt
 
             static constexpr bool have_int_seen = int_seen || is_int_slice;
 
-            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid && (have_int_seen ? is_int_slice : (!range_seen && (is_all_slice || is_range_slice)));
-            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::column_major,
-                                                                  is_valid,
-                                                                  have_int_seen,
-                                                                  is_range_slice || range_seen,
-                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::value;
+            static constexpr bool is_valid = valid
+                                             && (have_int_seen
+                                                     ? is_int_slice
+                                                     : (!range_seen && (is_all_slice || is_range_slice)));
+            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl < layout_type::column_major, is_valid,
+                                  have_int_seen, is_range_slice || range_seen,
+                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t < V >> ::value;
         };
 
         template <bool valid, bool int_seen, bool range_seen>
@@ -234,11 +234,14 @@ namespace xt
         // TODO relax has_data_interface constraint here!
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_contiguous_view
-            : std::integral_constant<bool,
-                has_data_interface<E>::value &&
-                !(E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)) &&
-                is_contiguous_view_impl<E::static_layout, true, false, false, xtl::mpl::vector<S...>>::value
-              >
+            : std::integral_constant<
+                  bool,
+                  has_data_interface<E>::value
+                      && !(
+                          E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major
+                          && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)
+                      )
+                      && is_contiguous_view_impl<E::static_layout, true, false, false, xtl::mpl::vector<S...>>::value>
         {
         };
 
@@ -276,21 +279,20 @@ namespace xt
         struct get_contigous_shape_type
         {
             // if we have no `range` in the slices we can re-use the shape with an offset
-            using type = std::conditional_t<xtl::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
-                                            typename xview_shape_type<typename E::shape_type, S...>::type,
-                                            // In the false branch we know that we have only integers at the front OR end, and NO range
-                                            typename unwrap_offset_container<E::static_layout, typename E::inner_shape_type, integral_count<S...>()>::type>;
+            using type = std::conditional_t<
+                xtl::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
+                typename xview_shape_type<typename E::shape_type, S...>::type,
+                // In the false branch we know that we have only integers at the front OR end, and NO range
+                typename unwrap_offset_container<E::static_layout, typename E::inner_shape_type, integral_count<S...>()>::type>;
         };
 
         template <class T>
-        struct is_sequence_view
-            : std::integral_constant<bool, false>
+        struct is_sequence_view : std::integral_constant<bool, false>
         {
         };
 
         template <class T, std::ptrdiff_t S, std::ptrdiff_t E>
-        struct is_sequence_view<sequence_view<T, S, E>>
-            : std::integral_constant<bool, true>
+        struct is_sequence_view<sequence_view<T, S, E>> : std::integral_constant<bool, true>
         {
         };
     }
@@ -304,15 +306,16 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename xexpression_type::size_type;
         using temporary_type = view_temporary_type_t<xexpression_type, S...>;
 
-        static constexpr layout_type layout =
-            detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value ?
-                xexpression_type::static_layout : layout_type::dynamic;
+        static constexpr layout_type layout = detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value
+                                                  ? xexpression_type::static_layout
+                                                  : layout_type::dynamic;
 
         static constexpr bool is_const = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value;
 
-        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
-                                                         detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                         make_invalid_type<>>;
+        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
+            make_invalid_type<>>;
         using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const extract_storage_type, extract_storage_type>;
     };
 
@@ -324,17 +327,20 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr bool is_strided_view = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value;
         static constexpr bool is_contiguous_view = detail::is_contiguous_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value;
 
-        using inner_shape_type = std::conditional_t<is_contiguous_view,
-                                                    typename detail::get_contigous_shape_type<xexpression_type, S...>::type,
-                                                    typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type>;
+        using inner_shape_type = std::conditional_t<
+            is_contiguous_view,
+            typename detail::get_contigous_shape_type<xexpression_type, S...>::type,
+            typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type>;
 
-        using stepper = std::conditional_t<is_strided_view,
-                                           xstepper<xview<CT, S...>>,
-                                           xview_stepper<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value, CT, S...>>;
+        using stepper = std::conditional_t<
+            is_strided_view,
+            xstepper<xview<CT, S...>>,
+            xview_stepper<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value, CT, S...>>;
 
-        using const_stepper = std::conditional_t<is_strided_view,
-                                                 xstepper<const xview<CT, S...>>,
-                                                 xview_stepper<true, std::remove_cv_t<CT>, S...>>;
+        using const_stepper = std::conditional_t<
+            is_strided_view,
+            xstepper<const xview<CT, S...>>,
+            xview_stepper<true, std::remove_cv_t<CT>, S...>>;
     };
 
     /**
@@ -354,9 +360,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     class xview : public xview_semantic<xview<CT, S...>>,
                   public std::conditional_t<
-                    detail::is_contiguous_view<std::decay_t<CT>, S...>::value,
-                    xcontiguous_iterable<xview<CT, S...>>,
-                    xiterable<xview<CT, S...>>>,
+                      detail::is_contiguous_view<std::decay_t<CT>, S...>::value,
+                      xcontiguous_iterable<xview<CT, S...>>,
+                      xiterable<xview<CT, S...>>>,
                   public xaccessible<xview<CT, S...>>,
                   public extension::xview_base_t<CT, S...>
     {
@@ -378,9 +384,8 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = typename xexpression_type::bool_load_type;
         using reference = typename inner_types::reference;
         using const_reference = typename inner_types::const_reference;
-        using pointer = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::const_pointer,
-                                           typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
+        using pointer = std::
+            conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_pointer, typename xexpression_type::pointer>;
         using const_pointer = typename xexpression_type::const_pointer;
         using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
@@ -395,28 +400,35 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_shape_type = typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type;
         using shape_type = typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                   detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                   get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_strides<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                       detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-                                                                       get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
+            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
 
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
 
-        static constexpr bool has_trivial_strides = is_contiguous_view && !xtl::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
-        using inner_strides_type = std::conditional_t<has_trivial_strides,
-                                                      typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<xexpression_type::static_layout,
-                                                                                               xexpression_inner_strides_type,
-                                                                                               integral_count<S...>()>::type,
-                                                      get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
-
-        using inner_backstrides_type = std::conditional_t<has_trivial_strides,
-                                                          typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<xexpression_type::static_layout,
-                                                                                                   xexpression_inner_backstrides_type,
-                                                                                                   integral_count<S...>()>::type,
-                                                          get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
+        static constexpr bool has_trivial_strides = is_contiguous_view
+                                                    && !xtl::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
+        using inner_strides_type = std::conditional_t<
+            has_trivial_strides,
+            typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<
+                xexpression_type::static_layout,
+                xexpression_inner_strides_type,
+                integral_count<S...>()>::type,
+            get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
+
+        using inner_backstrides_type = std::conditional_t<
+            has_trivial_strides,
+            typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<
+                xexpression_type::static_layout,
+                xexpression_inner_backstrides_type,
+                integral_count<S...>()>::type,
+            get_strides_t<shape_type>>;
 
         using strides_type = get_strides_t<shape_type>;
         using backstrides_type = strides_type;
@@ -427,21 +439,21 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename iterable_base::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
 
-        using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
-                                                    std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                                        typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
-                                                        typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
-                                                    typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
-        using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
-                                                          typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
-                                                          typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
+        using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
+            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+            std::conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator, typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
+            typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
+        using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
+            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+            typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
+            typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<linear_iterator>;
         using const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using container_iterator = pointer;
         using const_container_iterator = const_pointer;
-        constexpr static std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
+        static constexpr std::size_t rank = SIZE_MAX;
 
         // The FSL argument prevents the compiler from calling this constructor
         // instead of the copy constructor when sizeof...(SL) == 0.
@@ -490,48 +502,36 @@ namespace xt
         bool has_linear_assign(const ST& strides) const;
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
         template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
-        stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
-        storage();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&> storage();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
-        storage() const;
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&> storage() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
-        linear_begin();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_begin();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
-        linear_end();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_end();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
@@ -582,12 +582,10 @@ namespace xt
         backstrides() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
-        data() const;
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer> data() const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
-        data();
+        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer> data();
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
@@ -620,11 +618,13 @@ namespace xt
         size_type underlying_size(size_type dim) const;
 
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<self_type&> operator&() &;
-        xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&> operator&() const &;
+        xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&> operator&() const&;
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<self_type> operator&() &&;
 
-        template <class E, class T = xexpression_type,
-                  class = std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_contiguous_view, int>>
+        template <
+            class E,
+            class T = xexpression_type,
+            class = std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_contiguous_view, int>>
         void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const;
 
         template <class E>
@@ -646,9 +646,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <class align, class simd, class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, void> store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
 
-        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type,
-                  std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
-                  class T = xexpression_type>
+        template <
+            class align,
+            class requested_type = value_type,
+            std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
+            class T = xexpression_type>
         enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>> load_simd(size_type i) const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
@@ -789,9 +791,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        using view_type = std::conditional_t<is_const,
-                                             const xview<CT, S...>,
-                                             xview<CT, S...>>;
+        using view_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const xview<CT, S...>, xview<CT, S...>>;
         using substepper_type = get_stepper<view_type>;
 
         using value_type = typename substepper_type::value_type;
@@ -803,8 +803,13 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = typename substepper_type::shape_type;
 
         xview_stepper() = default;
-        xview_stepper(view_type* view, substepper_type it,
-                      size_type offset, bool end = false, layout_type l = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL);
+        xview_stepper(
+            view_type* view,
+            substepper_type it,
+            size_type offset,
+            bool end = false,
+            layout_type l = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL
+        );
 
         reference operator*() const;
 
@@ -887,7 +892,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::forward<CTA>(e),
             std::forward<FSL>(first_slice),
             std::forward<SL>(slices)...
-          )
+        )
     {
     }
 
@@ -895,25 +900,26 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class CTA, class FSL, class... SL>
     xview<CT, S...>::xview(std::true_type, CTA&& e, FSL&& first_slice, SL&&... slices) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)),
-          m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...),
-          m_shape(compute_shape(detail::is_sequence_view<inner_shape_type>{})),
-          m_strides(m_e.strides()),
-          m_backstrides(m_e.backstrides()),
-          m_data_offset(data_offset_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>())),
-          m_strides_computed(true)
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
+        , m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...)
+        , m_shape(compute_shape(detail::is_sequence_view<inner_shape_type>{}))
+        , m_strides(m_e.strides())
+        , m_backstrides(m_e.backstrides())
+        , m_data_offset(data_offset_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>()))
+        , m_strides_computed(true)
     {
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class CTA, class FSL, class... SL>
     xview<CT, S...>::xview(std::false_type, CTA&& e, FSL&& first_slice, SL&&... slices) noexcept
-        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e)),
-          m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...),
-          m_shape(compute_shape(std::false_type{})),
-          m_strides_computed(false)
+        : m_e(std::forward<CTA>(e))
+        , m_slices(std::forward<FSL>(first_slice), std::forward<SL>(slices)...)
+        , m_shape(compute_shape(std::false_type{}))
+        , m_strides_computed(false)
     {
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -936,6 +942,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         return semantic_base::operator=(e);
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -974,13 +981,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline layout_type xview<CT, S...>::layout() const noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
-            {
-                return static_layout;
-            }
-            else
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
+            [&](auto self)
             {
 				return self(this)->m_e.layout()==layout_type::row_major ?
 					((self(this)->strides()[self(this)->strides().size()-1] == 1) ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic) :
@@ -988,8 +990,7 @@ namespace xt
 					
                 bool strides_match = do_strides_match(self(this)->shape(), self(this)->strides(), self(this)->m_e.layout(), true);
                 return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
-            }
-        },
+            },
         /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
         {
 			std::cout << "View is not strided!" << std::endl;
@@ -1035,13 +1036,17 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xview<CT, S...>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto self)
-        {
-            std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
-        });
+        xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1087,7 +1092,6 @@ namespace xt
         return unchecked_impl(make_index_sequence(args...), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
     }
 
-
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class It>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::element(It first, It last) -> reference
@@ -1175,16 +1179,15 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
@@ -1290,8 +1293,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1303,8 +1306,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1319,16 +1322,16 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data()
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -1337,9 +1340,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <std::size_t... I>
     inline std::size_t xview<CT, S...>::data_offset_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
     {
-        auto temp = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(S)>({
-            (static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(xt::value(std::get<I>(m_slices), 0)))...
-        });
+        auto temp = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(S)>(
+            {(static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(xt::value(std::get<I>(m_slices), 0)))...}
+        );
 
         std::ptrdiff_t result = 0;
         std::size_t i = 0;
@@ -1359,8 +1362,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept ->
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept
+        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1369,6 +1372,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
         return m_data_offset;
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1384,7 +1388,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::operator&() const & -> xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::operator&() const& -> xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&>
     {
         return xtl::closure_pointer(*this);
     }
@@ -1421,15 +1425,20 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline bool xview<CT, S...>::has_linear_assign(const ST& str) const
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            return str.size() == self(this)->strides().size() &&
-                std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), self(this)->strides().begin());
-
-        }, /*else*/ [](auto /*self*/){
-            return false;
-        });
+        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                return str.size() == self(this)->strides().size()
+                       && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), self(this)->strides().begin());
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [](auto /*self*/)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        );
     }
+
     //@}
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1465,7 +1474,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept -> const_container_iterator
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept
+        -> const_container_iterator
     {
         return data_xend_impl(data() + data_offset(), l, offset);
     }
@@ -1503,7 +1513,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const
+        -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
     {
         return m_e.template load_simd<xt_simd::unaligned_mode, requested_type>(data_offset() + i);
     }
@@ -1542,9 +1553,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class... Args>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::make_index_sequence(Args...) const noexcept
     {
-        return std::make_index_sequence<(sizeof...(Args)+integral_count<S...>() > newaxis_count<S...>() ?
-                                         sizeof...(Args)+integral_count<S...>() - newaxis_count<S...>() :
-                                         0)>();
+        return std::make_index_sequence<
+            (sizeof...(Args) + integral_count<S...>() > newaxis_count<S...>()
+                 ? sizeof...(Args) + integral_count<S...>() - newaxis_count<S...>()
+                 : 0)>();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1552,11 +1564,12 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::compute_strides_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
     {
         std::size_t original_dim = m_e.dimension();
-        return std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>({
-            (static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(xt::step_size(std::get<integral_skip<S...>(I)>(m_slices), 1)) *
-                ((integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))) < original_dim ?
-                m_e.strides()[integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))] : 1))...
-        });
+        return std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>(
+            {(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(xt::step_size(std::get<integral_skip<S...>(I)>(m_slices), 1))
+              * ((integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))) < original_dim
+                     ? m_e.strides()[integral_skip<S...>(I) - newaxis_count_before<S...>(integral_skip<S...>(I))]
+                     : 1))...}
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1632,7 +1645,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type... I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const -> const_reference
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const
+        -> const_reference
     {
         return m_e.unchecked(index<I>(args...)...);
     }
@@ -1653,15 +1667,19 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const -> std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
     {
-        return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>
-            (std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices), args...);
+        return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(
+            std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices),
+            args...
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const -> std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
     {
         return argument<I - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>()>(args...);
     }
@@ -1678,7 +1696,8 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::sliced_access(const xslice<T>& slice, Arg arg, Args... args) const -> size_type
     {
         using ST = typename T::size_type;
-        return static_cast<size_type>(slice.derived_cast()(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...)));
+        return static_cast<size_type>(slice.derived_cast(
+        )(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...)));
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1695,14 +1714,17 @@ namespace xt
         auto index = xtl::make_sequence<base_index_type>(m_e.dimension(), 0);
         using diff_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type;
         using ivalue_type = typename base_index_type::value_type;
-        auto func1 = [&first](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto func1 = [&first](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return get_slice_value(s, first);
         };
-        auto func2 = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto func2 = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return xt::value(s, 0);
         };
 
-        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>((std::min)(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension()));
+        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>((std::min
+        )(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension()));
         auto first_copy = last - s;
         for (size_type i = 0; i != m_e.dimension(); ++i)
         {
@@ -1714,13 +1736,12 @@ namespace xt
 
             if (first < last)
             {
-                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(k, func1, m_slices) : static_cast<ivalue_type>(*first);
+                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(k, func1, m_slices)
+                                            : static_cast<ivalue_type>(*first);
             }
             else
             {
-                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(k, func2, m_slices) : ivalue_type(0);
+                index[i] = k < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(k, func2, m_slices) : ivalue_type(0);
             }
         }
         return index;
@@ -1737,12 +1758,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         std::size_t dim = m_e.dimension() - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>();
         auto shape = xtl::make_sequence<inner_shape_type>(dim, 0);
-        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return get_size(s); };
+        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
+            return get_size(s);
+        };
         for (size_type i = 0; i != dim; ++i)
         {
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(i);
-            shape[i] = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                apply<size_type>(index, func, m_slices) : m_e.shape()[index - newaxis_count_before<S...>(index)];
+            shape[i] = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, m_slices)
+                                            : m_e.shape()[index - newaxis_count_before<S...>(index)];
         }
         return shape;
     }
@@ -1756,7 +1780,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class V, class T>
-        inline void run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
+        inline void
+        run_assign_temporary_impl(V& v, const T& t, std::false_type /* fallback to iterator assign */)
         {
             std::copy(t.cbegin(), t.cend(), v.begin());
         }
@@ -1765,8 +1790,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview<CT, S...>::assign_temporary_impl(temporary_type&& tmp)
     {
-        constexpr bool fast_assign = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value && \
-                                     xassign_traits<xview<CT, S...>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
+        constexpr bool fast_assign = detail::is_strided_view<xexpression_type, S...>::value
+                                     && xassign_traits<xview<CT, S...>, temporary_type>::simd_strided_assign();
         xview_detail::run_assign_temporary_impl(*this, tmp, std::integral_constant<bool, fast_assign>{});
     }
 
@@ -1799,8 +1824,13 @@ namespace xt
         {
             // Checks that no ellipsis slice is used
             using view_type = xview<xtl::closure_type_t<E>, get_slice_type<std::decay_t<E>, S>...>;
-            return view_type(std::forward<E>(e),
-                get_slice_implementation(e, std::forward<S>(slices), get_underlying_shape_index<std::decay_t<E>, S...>(I))...
+            return view_type(
+                std::forward<E>(e),
+                get_slice_implementation(
+                    e,
+                    std::forward<S>(slices),
+                    get_underlying_shape_index<std::decay_t<E>, S...>(I)
+                )...
             );
         }
     }
@@ -1817,7 +1847,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class... S>
     inline auto view(E&& e, S&&... slices)
     {
-        return detail::make_view_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(), std::forward<S>(slices)...);
+        return detail::make_view_impl(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(),
+            std::forward<S>(slices)...
+        );
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -1825,8 +1859,9 @@ namespace xt
         class row_impl
         {
         public:
-            template<class E>
-            static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
+
+            template <class E>
+            inline static auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
                 check_dimension(shape);
@@ -1834,17 +1869,21 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
         private:
-            template<class S>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
+
+            template <class S>
+            inline static void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(
+                        std::invalid_argument,
+                        "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions"
+                    );
                 }
             }
 
-            template<class T, std::size_t N>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
+            template <class T, std::size_t N>
+            inline static void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A row can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
             }
@@ -1853,8 +1892,9 @@ namespace xt
         class column_impl
         {
         public:
-            template<class E>
-            static inline auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
+
+            template <class E>
+            inline static auto make(E&& e, const std::ptrdiff_t index)
             {
                 const auto shape = e.shape();
                 check_dimension(shape);
@@ -1862,17 +1902,21 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
         private:
-            template<class S>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const S& shape)
+
+            template <class S>
+            inline static void check_dimension(const S& shape)
             {
                 if (shape.size() != 2)
                 {
-                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(
+                        std::invalid_argument,
+                        "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions"
+                    );
                 }
             }
 
-            template<class T, std::size_t N>
-            static inline void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
+            template <class T, std::size_t N>
+            inline static void check_dimension(const std::array<T, N>&)
             {
                 static_assert(N == 2, "A column can only be accessed on an expression with exact two dimensions");
             }
@@ -1923,7 +1967,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, m_e.stepper_end(m_e.shape(), l), offset, true, l);
@@ -1931,7 +1976,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
@@ -1940,7 +1986,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
@@ -1957,7 +2004,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -1965,7 +2013,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
@@ -1973,7 +2022,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const-> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
     {
         size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
         return const_stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
@@ -1984,14 +2034,24 @@ namespace xt
      ********************************/
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
-    inline xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::xview_stepper(view_type* view, substepper_type it,
-                                                            size_type offset, bool end, layout_type l)
-        : p_view(view), m_it(it), m_offset(offset)
+    inline xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::xview_stepper(
+        view_type* view,
+        substepper_type it,
+        size_type offset,
+        bool end,
+        layout_type l
+    )
+        : p_view(view)
+        , m_it(it)
+        , m_offset(offset)
     {
         if (!end)
         {
             std::fill(m_index_keeper.begin(), m_index_keeper.end(), 0);
-            auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return xt::value(s, 0); };
+            auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
+                return xt::value(s, 0);
+            };
             for (size_type i = 0; i < sizeof...(S); ++i)
             {
                 if (!is_newaxis_slice(i))
@@ -2017,14 +2077,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step(index, offset);
+        };
         common_step_forward(dim, func);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) {
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
             m_it.step_back(index, offset);
         };
         common_step_backward(dim, func);
@@ -2033,14 +2097,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step(index, offset);
+        };
         common_step_forward(dim, n, func);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::step_back(size_type dim, size_type n)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) {
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
             m_it.step_back(index, offset);
         };
         common_step_backward(dim, n, func);
@@ -2049,14 +2117,20 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::reset(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step_back(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step_back(index, offset);
+        };
         common_reset(dim, func, false);
     }
 
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::reset_back(size_type dim)
     {
-        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset) { m_it.step(index, offset); };
+        auto func = [this](size_type index, size_type offset)
+        {
+            m_it.step(index, offset);
+        };
         common_reset(dim, func, true);
     }
 
@@ -2084,10 +2158,12 @@ namespace xt
     template <bool is_const, class CT, class... S>
     inline void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::to_end_impl(layout_type l)
     {
-        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1);
         };
-        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept {
+        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
             return get_size(s);
         };
 
@@ -2137,14 +2213,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim]++, 1);
             };
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : 1;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : 1;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2157,7 +2234,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 auto st_size = step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], n);
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim] += n;
                 return size_type(st_size);
@@ -2166,8 +2244,8 @@ namespace xt
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : n;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : n;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2180,15 +2258,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim]--;
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], 1);
             };
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : 1;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : 1;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2201,7 +2280,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if (dim >= m_offset)
         {
-            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept {
+            auto func = [&dim, &n, this](const auto& s) noexcept
+            {
                 this->m_index_keeper[dim] -= n;
                 return step_size(s, this->m_index_keeper[dim], n);
             };
@@ -2209,8 +2289,8 @@ namespace xt
             size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
             if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
             {
-                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ?
-                    apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices()) : n;
+                size_type step_size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, func, p_view->slices())
+                                                           : n;
                 index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
                 f(index, step_size);
             }
@@ -2221,19 +2301,27 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F>
     void xview_stepper<is_const, CT, S...>::common_reset(size_type dim, F f, bool backwards)
     {
-        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return get_size(s); };
-        auto end_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept { return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1) - xt::value(s, 0); };
+        auto size_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
+            return get_size(s);
+        };
+        auto end_func = [](const auto& s) noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::value(s, get_size(s) - 1) - xt::value(s, 0);
+        };
 
         size_type index = integral_skip<S...>(dim);
         if (!is_newaxis_slice(index))
         {
             if (dim < m_index_keeper.size())
             {
-                size_type size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, size_func, p_view->slices()) : p_view->shape()[dim];
+                size_type size = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, size_func, p_view->slices())
+                                                      : p_view->shape()[dim];
                 m_index_keeper[dim] = backwards ? size - 1 : 0;
             }
 
-            size_type reset_n = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, end_func, p_view->slices()) : p_view->shape()[dim] - 1;
+            size_type reset_n = index < sizeof...(S) ? apply<size_type>(index, end_func, p_view->slices())
+                                                     : p_view->shape()[dim] - 1;
             index -= newaxis_count_before<S...>(index);
             f(index, reset_n);
         }

From aa9d078e2a53c3d00aa0fd2a88748ff6fca63dd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 11:04:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 432/606] Try at fixed strided loop assignment

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 395 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 269 insertions(+), 126 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 87dc9e3c5..5b7e513ac 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 /***************************************************************************
-* Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
-* Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
-*                                                                          *
-* The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
-****************************************************************************/
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ASSIGN_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ASSIGN_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -18,12 +19,12 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
+#include "xfunction.hpp"
 #include "xiterator.hpp"
 #include "xstrides.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
 #include "xutils.hpp"
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
 #include <tbb/tbb.h>
@@ -99,7 +100,6 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E1, class F, class... CT>
         static bool resize(E1& e1, const xfunction<F, CT...>& e2);
-
     };
 
     /********************
@@ -195,14 +195,18 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            self(e2).derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
-        }, /*else*/ [&](auto /*self*/)
-        {
-            using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
-            xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
-        });
+        xtl::mpl::static_if<has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value>(
+            [&](auto self)
+            {
+                self(e2).derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
+            },
+            /*else*/
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
+            {
+                using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
+                xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -238,12 +242,16 @@ namespace xt
             // A row_major or column_major container with a dimension <= 1 is computed as
             // layout any, leading to some performance improvements, for example when
             // assigning a col-major vector to a row-major vector etc
-            return compute_layout(select_layout<E1::static_layout, typename E1::shape_type>::value,
-                                  select_layout<E2::static_layout, typename E2::shape_type>::value) != layout_type::dynamic;
+            return compute_layout(
+                       select_layout<E1::static_layout, typename E1::shape_type>::value,
+                       select_layout<E2::static_layout, typename E2::shape_type>::value
+                   )
+                   != layout_type::dynamic;
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
+        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
+            -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
         {
             return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>()) ||
                    (e1.is_contiguous() && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
@@ -258,9 +266,8 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E1, class E2>
         inline bool linear_dynamic_layout(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
         {
-            return e1.is_contiguous()
-                && e2.is_contiguous()
-                && compute_layout(e1.layout(), e2.layout()) != layout_type::dynamic;
+            return e1.is_contiguous() && e2.is_contiguous()
+                   && compute_layout(e1.layout(), e2.layout()) != layout_type::dynamic;
         }
 
         template <class E, class = void>
@@ -269,16 +276,20 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class E>
-        struct has_step_leading<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().step_leading())>>
-            : std::true_type
+        struct has_step_leading<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().step_leading())>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
 
         template <class T>
         struct use_strided_loop
         {
-            static constexpr bool stepper_deref() { return std::is_reference<typename T::stepper::reference>::value; }
-            static constexpr bool value = has_strides<T>::value && has_step_leading<typename T::stepper>::value && stepper_deref();
+            static constexpr bool stepper_deref()
+            {
+                return std::is_reference<typename T::stepper::reference>::value;
+            }
+
+            static constexpr bool value = has_strides<T>::value
+                                          && has_step_leading<typename T::stepper>::value && stepper_deref();
         };
 
         template <class T>
@@ -332,43 +343,89 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T>
         using is_bool = std::is_same<T, bool>;
 
-        static constexpr bool is_bool_conversion() { return is_bool<e2_value_type>::value && !is_bool<e1_value_type>::value; }
-        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout() { return E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout; }
-        static constexpr bool convertible_types() { return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value
-                                                        && !is_bool_conversion(); }
+        static constexpr bool is_bool_conversion()
+        {
+            return is_bool<e2_value_type>::value && !is_bool<e1_value_type>::value;
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool contiguous_layout()
+        {
+            return E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout;
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool convertible_types()
+        {
+            return std::is_convertible<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value && !is_bool_conversion();
+        }
 
-        static constexpr bool use_xsimd() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<int8_t>::size > 1; }
+        static constexpr bool use_xsimd()
+        {
+            return xt_simd::simd_traits<int8_t>::size > 1;
+        }
 
         template <class T>
-        static constexpr bool simd_size_impl() { return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd()); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_size() { return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>(); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_interface() { return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>() && 
-                                                        has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>(); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_size_impl()
+        {
+            return xt_simd::simd_traits<T>::size > 1 || (is_bool<T>::value && use_xsimd());
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool simd_size()
+        {
+            return simd_size_impl<e1_value_type>() && simd_size_impl<e2_value_type>();
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool simd_interface()
+        {
+            return has_simd_interface<E1, requested_value_type>()
+                   && has_simd_interface<E2, requested_value_type>();
+        }
 
     public:
 
         // constexpr methods instead of constexpr data members avoid the need of definitions at namespace
         // scope of these data members (since they are odr-used).
 
-        static constexpr bool simd_assign() { return convertible_types() && simd_size() && simd_interface(); }
-        static constexpr bool linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool trivial) { return trivial && detail::is_linear_assign(e1, e2); }
-        static constexpr bool strided_assign() { return detail::use_strided_loop<E1>::value && detail::use_strided_loop<E2>::value; }
-        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign() { return contiguous_layout() && simd_assign(); }
-        static constexpr bool simd_strided_assign() { return strided_assign() && simd_assign(); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_assign()
+        {
+            return convertible_types() && simd_size() && simd_interface();
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool trivial)
+        {
+            return trivial && detail::is_linear_assign(e1, e2);
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool strided_assign()
+        {
+            return detail::use_strided_loop<E1>::value && detail::use_strided_loop<E2>::value;
+        }
+
+        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign()
+        {
+            return contiguous_layout() && simd_assign();
+        }
 
-        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2) { return simd_assign()
-                                                                                && detail::linear_dynamic_layout(e1, e2); }
+        static constexpr bool simd_strided_assign()
+        {
+            return strided_assign() && simd_assign();
+        }
 
-        using e2_requested_value_type = std::conditional_t<is_bool<e2_value_type>::value,
-                                                           typename E2::bool_load_type,
-                                                           e2_value_type>;
-        using requested_value_type = detail::conditional_promote_to_complex_t<e1_value_type,
-                                                                              e2_requested_value_type>;
+        static constexpr bool simd_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
+        {
+            return simd_assign() && detail::linear_dynamic_layout(e1, e2);
+        }
 
+        using e2_requested_value_type = std::
+            conditional_t<is_bool<e2_value_type>::value, typename E2::bool_load_type, e2_value_type>;
+        using requested_value_type = detail::conditional_promote_to_complex_t<e1_value_type, e2_requested_value_type>;
     };
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2, bool trivial)
+    inline void xexpression_assigner_base<xtensor_expression_tag>::assign_data(
+        xexpression<E1>& e1,
+        const xexpression<E2>& e2,
+        bool trivial
+    )
     {
         E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
@@ -378,9 +435,10 @@ namespace xt
         constexpr bool simd_assign = traits::simd_assign();
         constexpr bool simd_linear_assign = traits::simd_linear_assign();
         constexpr bool simd_strided_assign = traits::simd_strided_assign();
+        constexpr bool strided_assign = traits::strided_assign();
         if (linear_assign)
         {
-            if(simd_linear_assign || traits::simd_linear_assign(de1, de2))
+            if (simd_linear_assign || traits::simd_linear_assign(de1, de2))
             {
                 // Do not use linear_assigner<true> here since it will make the compiler
                 // instantiate this branch even if the runtime condition is false, resulting
@@ -394,7 +452,7 @@ namespace xt
                 linear_assigner<false>::run(de1, de2);
             }
         }
-        else if (simd_strided_assign && de1.layout() == de2.layout())
+        else if (simd_strided_assign)
         {
             strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
         }
@@ -418,16 +476,27 @@ namespace xt
     inline void xexpression_assigner<Tag>::computed_assign(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
         using shape_type = typename E1::shape_type;
+        using comperator_type = std::greater<typename shape_type::value_type>;
+
         using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
 
         E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
 
-        size_type dim = de2.dimension();
-        shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim);
+        size_type dim2 = de2.dimension();
+        shape_type shape = uninitialized_shape<shape_type>(dim2);
+
         bool trivial_broadcast = de2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
 
-        if (dim > de1.dimension() || shape > de1.shape())
+        auto&& de1_shape = de1.shape();
+        if (dim2 > de1.dimension()
+            || std::lexicographical_compare(
+                shape.begin(),
+                shape.end(),
+                de1_shape.begin(),
+                de1_shape.end(),
+                comperator_type()
+            ))
         {
             typename E1::temporary_type tmp(shape);
             base_type::assign_data(tmp, e2, trivial_broadcast);
@@ -455,7 +524,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class Tag>
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void xexpression_assigner<Tag>::assert_compatible_shape(const xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
+    inline void
+    xexpression_assigner<Tag>::assert_compatible_shape(const xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
         const E1& de1 = e1.derived_cast();
         const E2& de2 = e2.derived_cast();
@@ -499,16 +569,20 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xexpression_assigner<Tag>::resize(E1& e1, const xfunction<F, CT...>& e2)
     {
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value>(
-            [&](auto /*self*/) {
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
+            {
                 /*
                  * If the shape of the xfunction is statically known, we can compute the broadcast triviality
                  * at compile time plus we can resize right away.
                  */
                 // resize in case LHS is not a fixed size container. If it is, this is a NOP
                 e1.resize(typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type{});
-                return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value, CT...>::value;
+                return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<
+                    detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value,
+                    CT...>::value;
             },
-            /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
+            /* else */
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
             {
                 using index_type = xindex_type_t<typename E1::shape_type>;
                 using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
@@ -531,9 +605,10 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = xtl::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value &&
-            (sizeof(result_type) < sizeof(argument_type) ||
-             (xtl::is_integral<result_type>::value && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
+        static const bool value = xtl::is_arithmetic<result_type>::value
+                                  && (sizeof(result_type) < sizeof(argument_type)
+                                      || (xtl::is_integral<result_type>::value
+                                          && std::is_floating_point<argument_type>::value));
     };
 
     template <class FROM, class TO>
@@ -551,15 +626,16 @@ namespace xt
         using argument_type = std::decay_t<FROM>;
         using result_type = std::decay_t<TO>;
 
-        static const bool value = is_narrowing_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value ||
-                                  has_sign_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value;
+        static const bool value = is_narrowing_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value
+                                  || has_sign_conversion<argument_type, result_type>::value;
     };
 
     template <class E1, class E2, layout_type L>
     inline stepper_assigner<E1, E2, L>::stepper_assigner(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
-        : m_e1(e1), m_lhs(e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape())),
-          m_rhs(e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape())),
-          m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e1.shape().size(), size_type(0)))
+        : m_e1(e1)
+        , m_lhs(e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape()))
+        , m_rhs(e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape()))
+        , m_index(xtl::make_sequence<index_type>(e1.shape().size(), size_type(0)))
     {
     }
 
@@ -637,10 +713,29 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        tbb::parallel_for(align_begin, align_end, simd_size, [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
+        if (size >= XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD)
         {
-            e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
-        });
+            static tbb::affinity_partitioner ap;
+            tbb::parallel_for(
+                align_begin,
+                align_end,
+                simd_size,
+                [&e1, &e2](size_t i)
+                {
+                    e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(
+                        i,
+                        e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i)
+                    );
+                }, ap
+            );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for (size_type i = align_begin; i < align_end; i += simd_size)
+            {
+                e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
+            }
+        }
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         if (size >= size_type(XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD))
         {
@@ -651,8 +746,8 @@ namespace xt
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(i, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i));
             }
 #else
-            for(auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
-                i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
+            for (auto i = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_begin); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(align_end);
+                 i += static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(simd_size))
             {
                 size_type ui = static_cast<size_type>(i);
                 e1.template store_simd<lhs_align_mode>(ui, e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(ui));
@@ -681,8 +776,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<false>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-        using is_convertible = std::is_convertible<typename std::decay_t<E2>::value_type,
-                                                   typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>;
+        using is_convertible = std::
+            is_convertible<typename std::decay_t<E2>::value_type, typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type>;
         // If the types are not compatible, this function is still instantiated but never called.
         // To avoid compilation problems in effectively unused code trivial_assigner_run_impl is
         // empty in this case.
@@ -699,10 +794,14 @@ namespace xt
         size_type n = e1.size();
 // 		std::cout << "Linear assigner LOOP SIZE is " << n <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        tbb::parallel_for(std::ptrdiff_t(0), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n), [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
-        {
-            *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
-        });
+        tbb::parallel_for(
+            std::ptrdiff_t(0),
+            static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n),
+            [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
+            {
+                *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
+            }
+        );
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         if (n >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
@@ -733,9 +832,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<false>::run_impl(E1&, const E2&, std::false_type /*is_convertible*/)
     {
-        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(false,
-            "Internal error: linear_assigner called with unrelated types.");
-
+        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(false, "Internal error: linear_assigner called with unrelated types.");
     }
 
     /****************************************
@@ -851,14 +948,13 @@ namespace xt
             using strides_type = S;
 
             check_strides_functor(const S& strides)
-                : m_cut(L == layout_type::row_major ? 0 : strides.size()),
-                  m_strides(strides)
+                : m_cut(L == layout_type::row_major ? 0 : strides.size())
+                , m_strides(strides)
             {
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type LE = L>
-            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::row_major, std::size_t>
-            operator()(const T& el)
+            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::row_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
             {
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::row_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
                 if (var > m_cut)
@@ -869,8 +965,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             template <class T, layout_type LE = L>
-            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::column_major, std::size_t>
-            operator()(const T& el)
+            std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::column_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
             {
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::column_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
                 if (var < m_cut)
@@ -913,18 +1008,25 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
-                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
+                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides()
+                );
                 cut = csf(e2);
 				if (cut>1) cut = 1;
             } // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
 
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
-            std::size_t outer_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(
-                            std::accumulate(e1.shape().begin(), e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
-                                shape_value_type(1), std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}));
-            std::size_t inner_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(
-                            std::accumulate(e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut), e1.shape().end(),
-                                shape_value_type(1), std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}));
+            std::size_t outer_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(
+                e1.shape().begin(),
+                e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
+                shape_value_type(1),
+                std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}
+            ));
+            std::size_t inner_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(
+                e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
+                e1.shape().end(),
+                shape_value_type(1),
+                std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}
+            ));
 
             if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
             {
@@ -942,37 +1044,30 @@ namespace xt
     {
         bool is_row_major = true;
         using fallback_assigner = stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>;
-        if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::dynamic)
-        {
-            layout_type dynamic_layout = e1.layout();
 
-            switch (dynamic_layout)
-            {
-                case layout_type::row_major:
-                    is_row_major = true;
-                    break;
-                case layout_type::column_major:
-                    is_row_major = false;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
-            }
-        }
-        else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::row_major)
-        {
+        bool mismatch_colrow = (e1.layout() == layout_type::row_major && e2.layout() == layout_type::column_major)
+                               || (e2.layout() == layout_type::row_major && e1.layout() == layout_type::column_major);
+        if (mismatch_colrow)
+            return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
+
+        bool de1_row_contiguous = e1.strides()[e1.strides().size()-1] == 1;
+        bool de1_col_contiguous = e1.strides()[0] == 1;
+        bool de2_row_contiguous = e2.strides()[e2.strides().size()-1] == 1;
+        bool de2_col_contiguous = e2.strides()[0] == 1;
+
+        if (de1_row_contiguous && de2_row_contiguous)
             is_row_major = true;
-        }
-        else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major)
-        {
+        else if (de1_col_contiguous && de2_col_contiguous)
             is_row_major = false;
-        }
         else
-        {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Illegal layout set (layout_type::any?).");
-        }
+            return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
 
         std::size_t inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut;
-        std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2, is_row_major);
+        std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(
+            e1,
+            e2,
+            is_row_major
+        );
 
         if ((is_row_major && cut == e1.dimension()) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0))
         {
@@ -999,9 +1094,10 @@ namespace xt
         using e2_value_type = typename E2::value_type;
         constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<e1_value_type, e2_value_type>::value;
         using value_type = typename xassign_traits<E1, E2>::requested_value_type;
-        using simd_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<e1_value_type, bool>::value,
-                                             xt_simd::simd_bool_type<value_type>,
-                                             xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>>;
+        using simd_type = std::conditional_t<
+            std::is_same<e1_value_type, bool>::value,
+            xt_simd::simd_bool_type<value_type>,
+            xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>>;
 
         std::size_t simd_size = inner_loop_size / simd_type::size;
         std::size_t simd_rest = inner_loop_size % simd_type::size;
@@ -1012,7 +1108,7 @@ namespace xt
         // TODO in 1D case this is ambigous -- could be RM or CM.
         //      Use default layout to make decision
         std::size_t step_dim = 0;
-        if (!is_row_major) // row major case
+        if (!is_row_major)  // row major case
         {
             step_dim = cut;
         }
@@ -1063,7 +1159,54 @@ namespace xt
 			}
 		}
 		else {
-		
+#elif defined(strided_parallel_assign) && defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
+        if (outer_loop_size > 20) {
+          tbb::parallel_for(0ul, outer_loop_size,
+                          [&, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx](tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
+                              std::size_t first_step = true;
+//#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
+                              for (std::size_t ox = r.begin(); ox < r.end(); ++ox) {
+                                  if (first_step) {
+                                      is_row_major ?
+                                      strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox, idx,
+                                                                                                        max_shape) :
+                                      strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(ox, idx,
+                                                                                                           max_shape);
+
+                                      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i) {
+                                          fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                                          res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                                      }
+                                      first_step = false;
+                                  }
+
+                                  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i) {
+                                      res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(
+                                              fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+                                  }
+                                  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i) {
+                                      *(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+                                      res_stepper.step_leading();
+                                      fct_stepper.step_leading();
+                                  }
+
+                                  // next unaligned index
+                                  is_row_major ?
+                                  strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
+                                  strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+
+                                  // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+                                  fct_stepper.to_begin();
+                                  res_stepper.to_begin();
+                                  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i) {
+                                      fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                                      res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                                  }
+                              }
+                          });
+    }
+		else {
+
 #endif
         for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
         {
@@ -1078,9 +1221,9 @@ namespace xt
                 fct_stepper.step_leading();
             }
 
-            is_row_major ?
-                strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
-                strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+            is_row_major
+                ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
+                : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
 
             fct_stepper.to_begin();
 

From 68ba3def8a9457fe70e923734f9f5a276b86caee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 11:42:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 433/606] Compiles and maybe works now..

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 17 ++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 5b7e513ac..b82c04268 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1052,12 +1052,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         bool de1_row_contiguous = e1.strides()[e1.strides().size()-1] == 1;
         bool de1_col_contiguous = e1.strides()[0] == 1;
-        bool de2_row_contiguous = e2.strides()[e2.strides().size()-1] == 1;
-        bool de2_col_contiguous = e2.strides()[0] == 1;
+        //bool de2_row_contiguous = e2.strides()[e2.strides().size()-1] == 1;
+        //bool de2_col_contiguous = e2.strides()[0] == 1;
 
-        if (de1_row_contiguous && de2_row_contiguous)
+        if (de1_row_contiguous)// && de2_row_contiguous)
             is_row_major = true;
-        else if (de1_col_contiguous && de2_col_contiguous)
+        else if (de1_col_contiguous)// && de2_col_contiguous)
             is_row_major = false;
         else
             return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
@@ -1161,8 +1161,11 @@ namespace xt
 		else {
 #elif defined(strided_parallel_assign) && defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         if (outer_loop_size > 20) {
-          tbb::parallel_for(0ul, outer_loop_size,
-                          [&, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx](tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
+          tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0ul, outer_loop_size),
+                          [is_row_major, step_dim, simd_size, simd_rest, &max_shape, &fct_stepper_=fct_stepper, &res_stepper_=res_stepper, &idx_=idx](tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
+                              auto idx = idx_;
+                              auto res_stepper = res_stepper_;
+                              auto fct_stepper = fct_stepper_;
                               std::size_t first_step = true;
 //#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
                               for (std::size_t ox = r.begin(); ox < r.end(); ++ox) {
@@ -1245,7 +1248,7 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
         }
-#if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
+#if (defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) || defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
 		}
 #endif
 	}

From 0a62ded224c3f3f821192c5157bb6be390d299e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 14:42:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 434/606] Use static partitioner instead

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index b82c04268..f672d244e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ namespace xt
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         if (size >= XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD)
         {
-            static tbb::affinity_partitioner ap;
+            tbb::static_partitioner ap;
             tbb::parallel_for(
                 align_begin,
                 align_end,
@@ -794,14 +794,14 @@ namespace xt
         size_type n = e1.size();
 // 		std::cout << "Linear assigner LOOP SIZE is " << n <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
+        tbb::static_partitioner sp;
         tbb::parallel_for(
             std::ptrdiff_t(0),
             static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n),
             [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
             {
                 *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
-            }
-        );
+            }, sp);
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         if (n >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
@@ -1161,6 +1161,7 @@ namespace xt
 		else {
 #elif defined(strided_parallel_assign) && defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         if (outer_loop_size > 20) {
+          tbb::static_partitioner sp;
           tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0ul, outer_loop_size),
                           [is_row_major, step_dim, simd_size, simd_rest, &max_shape, &fct_stepper_=fct_stepper, &res_stepper_=res_stepper, &idx_=idx](tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
                               auto idx = idx_;
@@ -1206,7 +1207,7 @@ namespace xt
                                       res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
                                   }
                               }
-                          });
+                          }, sp);
     }
 		else {
 

From 3c4e93a148cdacd01af5b9919a027f10300ad230 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 14:52:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 435/606] Remove unused variable

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index f672d244e..db3d9435a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -435,7 +435,6 @@ namespace xt
         constexpr bool simd_assign = traits::simd_assign();
         constexpr bool simd_linear_assign = traits::simd_linear_assign();
         constexpr bool simd_strided_assign = traits::simd_strided_assign();
-        constexpr bool strided_assign = traits::strided_assign();
         if (linear_assign)
         {
             if (simd_linear_assign || traits::simd_linear_assign(de1, de2))

From d1209f2863f095c7f18af6351ece858891cf07b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 15:21:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 436/606] Make explicitly the steppers in teh lambda instead of
 a copy

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index db3d9435a..5be9f947c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1162,10 +1162,10 @@ namespace xt
         if (outer_loop_size > 20) {
           tbb::static_partitioner sp;
           tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0ul, outer_loop_size),
-                          [is_row_major, step_dim, simd_size, simd_rest, &max_shape, &fct_stepper_=fct_stepper, &res_stepper_=res_stepper, &idx_=idx](tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
+                          [&e1, &e2, is_row_major, step_dim, simd_size, simd_rest, &max_shape, &idx_=idx](tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
                               auto idx = idx_;
-                              auto res_stepper = res_stepper_;
-                              auto fct_stepper = fct_stepper_;
+                              auto fct_stepper = e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
+                              auto res_stepper = e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
                               std::size_t first_step = true;
 //#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
                               for (std::size_t ox = r.begin(); ox < r.end(); ++ox) {

From 01c8b4c00d9d57c94c8a37373ab187b20e123e99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2023 20:12:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 437/606] Fix the strided assigner

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 30 ++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 5be9f947c..e6a43580a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -955,6 +955,7 @@ namespace xt
             template <class T, layout_type LE = L>
             std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::row_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
             {
+                // All dimenions less than var have differing strides
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::row_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
                 if (var > m_cut)
                 {
@@ -967,6 +968,7 @@ namespace xt
             std::enable_if_t<LE == layout_type::column_major, std::size_t> operator()(const T& el)
             {
                 auto var = check_strides_overlap<layout_type::column_major>::get(m_strides, el.strides());
+                // All dimensions >= var have differing strides
                 if (var < m_cut)
                 {
                     m_cut = var;
@@ -996,16 +998,18 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E1, class E2>
         auto get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool is_row_major)
         {
+            // Cut is the number of dimensions in the outer loop
             std::size_t cut = 0;
 
             // TODO! if E1 is !contiguous --> initialize cut to sensible value!
-            if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::row_major || is_row_major)
+            if (is_row_major)
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::row_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
+                // This makes that only one dimension will be treated in the inner loop.
 				if (cut<e1.strides().size()-1) cut = e1.strides().size()-1;
             }
-            else if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
+            else if (!is_row_major)
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides()
                 );
@@ -1027,7 +1031,7 @@ namespace xt
                 std::multiplies<shape_value_type>{}
             ));
 
-            if (E1::static_layout == layout_type::column_major || !is_row_major)
+            if (!is_row_major)
             {
                 std::swap(outer_loop_size, inner_loop_size);
             }
@@ -1044,23 +1048,21 @@ namespace xt
         bool is_row_major = true;
         using fallback_assigner = stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>;
 
-        bool mismatch_colrow = (e1.layout() == layout_type::row_major && e2.layout() == layout_type::column_major)
-                               || (e2.layout() == layout_type::row_major && e1.layout() == layout_type::column_major);
-        if (mismatch_colrow)
-            return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
-
+        // Try to find a row-major scheme first, where the outer loop is on the first N = `cut` dimensions,
+        // and the inner loop is
+        is_row_major = true;
         bool de1_row_contiguous = e1.strides()[e1.strides().size()-1] == 1;
         bool de1_col_contiguous = e1.strides()[0] == 1;
-        //bool de2_row_contiguous = e2.strides()[e2.strides().size()-1] == 1;
-        //bool de2_col_contiguous = e2.strides()[0] == 1;
-
-        if (de1_row_contiguous)// && de2_row_contiguous)
+        if (de1_row_contiguous)
             is_row_major = true;
-        else if (de1_col_contiguous)// && de2_col_contiguous)
+        else if (de1_col_contiguous) // If first stride is 1, and we don't have a one-dimensional container
             is_row_major = false;
         else
-            return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
+            // We might be dealing with a broadcasted dimension at the end.
+            // Since this is not detected explicitly, just try row-major by default
+            is_row_major = true;
 
+        // cut is the number of dimensions that the outer loop takes care of.
         std::size_t inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut;
         std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(
             e1,

From e4558a630a7fba31b7652bab470f26849595c7f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2023 17:51:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 438/606] Add a test, and fix a few bugs for the strided
 (parallel) assigner.

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp    | 518 +++++++++++++++++++--------------
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  21 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt            |   1 +
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp   | 114 ++++++++
 4 files changed, 426 insertions(+), 228 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/test_strided_assign.cpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index e6a43580a..4a68827b6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -172,13 +172,29 @@ namespace xt
      * strided_loop_assigner *
      *************************/
 
+    namespace strided_assign_detail {
+        struct loop_sizes_t {
+            bool is_row_major;
+            std::size_t inner_loop_size;
+            std::size_t outer_loop_size;
+            std::size_t cut;
+            std::size_t dimension;
+            inline bool can_do_strided_assign() { // Is it actually useful to do a strided assign?
+                return inner_loop_size > 1;
+                //return !((is_row_major && cut == dimension) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0)) && inner_loop_size != 1;
+            };
+        };
+    }
     template <bool simd>
     class strided_loop_assigner
     {
     public:
-
+        using loop_sizes_t = strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t;
+        // is_row_major, inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        static void run(E1& e1, const E2& e2);
+        static void run(E1& e1, const E2& e2, const loop_sizes_t &loop_sizes);
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        static loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(E1& e1, const E2& e2);
     };
 
     /***********************************
@@ -253,8 +269,8 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
             -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
         {
-            return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>()) ||
-                   (e1.is_contiguous() && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
+            return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>())
+                   || (e1.is_contiguous() && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -451,14 +467,20 @@ namespace xt
                 linear_assigner<false>::run(de1, de2);
             }
         }
-        else if (simd_strided_assign)
-        {
-            strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
-        }
         else
         {
-            stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)> assigner(de1, de2);
-            assigner.run();
+            if (simd_strided_assign)
+            {
+                strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t loop_sizes = strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::get_loop_sizes(de1, de2);
+                if (loop_sizes.can_do_strided_assign())
+                    strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2, loop_sizes);
+                else
+                    stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>(de1, de2).run();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>(de1, de2).run();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -690,7 +712,6 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void linear_assigner<simd_assign>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-// 		std::cout << "lin" << std::endl;
         using lhs_align_mode = xt_simd::container_alignment_t<E1>;
         constexpr bool is_aligned = std::is_same<lhs_align_mode, aligned_mode>::value;
         using rhs_align_mode = std::conditional_t<is_aligned, inner_aligned_mode, unaligned_mode>;
@@ -725,7 +746,8 @@ namespace xt
                         i,
                         e2.template load_simd<rhs_align_mode, value_type>(i)
                     );
-                }, ap
+                },
+                ap
             );
         }
         else
@@ -791,7 +813,6 @@ namespace xt
         auto src = linear_begin(e2);
         auto dst = linear_begin(e1);
         size_type n = e1.size();
-// 		std::cout << "Linear assigner LOOP SIZE is " << n <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
         tbb::static_partitioner sp;
         tbb::parallel_for(
@@ -800,23 +821,26 @@ namespace xt
             [&](std::ptrdiff_t i)
             {
                 *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
-            }, sp);
+            },
+            sp
+        );
 #elif defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
         if (n >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD)
         {
 #pragma omp parallel for default(none) shared(src, dst, n)
-            for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n) ; i++)
+            for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::ptrdiff_t(0); i < static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n); i++)
             {
                 *(dst + i) = static_cast<value_type>(*(src + i));
             }
         }
-        else {
+        else
+        {
             for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
             {
                 *dst = static_cast<value_type>(*src);
                 ++src;
                 ++dst;
-            }  
+            }
         }
 #else
         for (; n > size_type(0); --n)
@@ -863,34 +887,35 @@ namespace xt
                     }
                 }
             }
-                     
-			template <class T>
+
+            template <class T>
             static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
-			{
-				
-				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
-				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
-				// compute strides
-				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
-				for ( size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0; i--) {
-					stride_sizes[i-1] = (i==outer_shape.size()) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
-				}
-				
-				// compute index
-				for (size_type i=0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++)
+            {
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
+                xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
+                // compute strides
+                using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+                for (size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i > 0; i--)
+                {
+                    stride_sizes[i - 1] = (i == outer_shape.size()) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i] * outer_shape[i];
+                }
+
+                // compute index
+                for (size_type i = 0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++)
                 {
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx < outer_shape[i]) {
-						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
-						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-					}
-					else {
-						// that may not happen
-						outer_index[i] = 0;
-					}
+                    auto d_idx = n / stride_sizes[i];
+                    if (d_idx < outer_shape[i])
+                    {
+                        outer_index[i] = d_idx;
+                        n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // that may not happen
+                        outer_index[i] = 0;
+                    }
                 }
-			}
-		
+            }
         };
 
         template <>
@@ -915,30 +940,34 @@ namespace xt
                     }
                 }
             }
-            
-			template <class T>
+
+            template <class T>
             static void nth_idx(size_t n, T& outer_index, const T& outer_shape)
-			{
-				dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
-				xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
-				
-				using size_type = typename T::size_type;
-				
-				// compute required strides
-				for (size_type i = 0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++) { stride_sizes[i] = (i==0) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i-1] * outer_shape[i-1]; }
-				
-				// compute index
-				for (size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i>0;)
-				{
-					i--;
-					auto d_idx = n/stride_sizes[i];
-					if (d_idx<(outer_shape[i]-1)) {
-						outer_index[i] = d_idx;
-						n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-					}
-// 					else {}   // that may not happen
+            {
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> stride_sizes;
+                xt::resize_container(stride_sizes, outer_shape.size());
+
+                using size_type = typename T::size_type;
+
+                // compute required strides
+                for (size_type i = 0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++)
+                {
+                    stride_sizes[i] = (i == 0) ? 1 : stride_sizes[i - 1] * outer_shape[i - 1];
+                }
+
+                // compute index
+                for (size_type i = outer_shape.size(); i > 0;)
+                {
+                    i--;
+                    auto d_idx = n / stride_sizes[i];
+                    if (d_idx < (outer_shape[i] - 1))
+                    {
+                        outer_index[i] = d_idx;
+                        n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
+                    }
+                    // 					else {}   // that may not happen
                 }
-			}
+            }
         };
 
         template <layout_type L, class S>
@@ -996,28 +1025,59 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        auto get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2& e2, bool is_row_major)
+        loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
         {
+            using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
+            bool is_row_major = true;
+
+            // Try to find a row-major scheme first, where the outer loop is on the first N = `cut`
+            // dimensions, and the inner loop is
+            is_row_major = true;
+            auto is_zero = [](auto i){return i == 0;};
+            auto &&strides = e1.strides();
+            auto it_bwd = std::find_if_not(strides.rbegin(), strides.rend(), is_zero);
+            bool de1_row_contiguous = it_bwd != strides.rend() && *it_bwd == 1;
+            auto it_fwd = std::find_if_not(strides.begin(), strides.end(), is_zero);
+            bool de1_col_contiguous = it_fwd != strides.end() && *it_fwd == 1;
+            if (de1_row_contiguous)
+            {
+                is_row_major = true;
+            }
+            else if (de1_col_contiguous)
+            {
+                is_row_major = false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // No strided loop possible.
+                return {true, 1, e1.size(), e1.dimension(), e1.dimension()};
+            }
+
             // Cut is the number of dimensions in the outer loop
             std::size_t cut = 0;
 
-            // TODO! if E1 is !contiguous --> initialize cut to sensible value!
             if (is_row_major)
             {
                 auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::row_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
                 // This makes that only one dimension will be treated in the inner loop.
-				if (cut<e1.strides().size()-1) cut = e1.strides().size()-1;
+                if (cut < e1.strides().size() - 1)
+                {
+                    // Only make the inner loop go over one dimension by default for now
+                    cut = e1.strides().size() - 1;
+                }
             }
             else if (!is_row_major)
             {
-                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides()
-                );
+                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
                 cut = csf(e2);
-				if (cut>1) cut = 1;
-            } // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
+                if (cut > 1)
+                {
+                    // Only make the inner loop go over one dimension by default for now
+                    cut = 1;
+                }
+            }  // can't reach here because this would have already triggered the fallback
 
-            using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
             std::size_t outer_loop_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::accumulate(
                 e1.shape().begin(),
                 e1.shape().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cut),
@@ -1036,44 +1096,28 @@ namespace xt
                 std::swap(outer_loop_size, inner_loop_size);
             }
 
-            return std::make_tuple(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut);
+            return {is_row_major, inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut, e1.dimension()};
         }
     }
 
-#define strided_parallel_assign
     template <bool simd>
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void strided_loop_assigner<simd>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
+    inline strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t strided_loop_assigner<simd>::get_loop_sizes(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-        bool is_row_major = true;
-        using fallback_assigner = stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>;
-
-        // Try to find a row-major scheme first, where the outer loop is on the first N = `cut` dimensions,
-        // and the inner loop is
-        is_row_major = true;
-        bool de1_row_contiguous = e1.strides()[e1.strides().size()-1] == 1;
-        bool de1_col_contiguous = e1.strides()[0] == 1;
-        if (de1_row_contiguous)
-            is_row_major = true;
-        else if (de1_col_contiguous) // If first stride is 1, and we don't have a one-dimensional container
-            is_row_major = false;
-        else
-            // We might be dealing with a broadcasted dimension at the end.
-            // Since this is not detected explicitly, just try row-major by default
-            is_row_major = true;
+        return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2);
+    }
 
-        // cut is the number of dimensions that the outer loop takes care of.
-        std::size_t inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut;
-        std::tie(inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut) = strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(
-            e1,
-            e2,
-            is_row_major
-        );
+#define strided_parallel_assign
+
+    template <bool simd>
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    inline void strided_loop_assigner<simd>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2, const loop_sizes_t &loop_sizes)
+    {
+        bool is_row_major = loop_sizes.is_row_major;
+        std::size_t inner_loop_size = loop_sizes.inner_loop_size;
+        std::size_t outer_loop_size = loop_sizes.outer_loop_size;
+        std::size_t cut = loop_sizes.cut;
 
-        if ((is_row_major && cut == e1.dimension()) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0))
-        {
-            return fallback_assigner(e1, e2).run();
-        }
 
         // TODO can we get rid of this and use `shape_type`?
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> idx, max_shape;
@@ -1113,128 +1157,45 @@ namespace xt
         {
             step_dim = cut;
         }
-// 		std::cout << "OUTER LOOP size is " << outer_loop_size << " INNER LOOP size is " << inner_loop_size <<std::endl;
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		if (outer_loop_size>20) {
-			std::size_t first_step = true;
-#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
-			for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
-			{
-				if (first_step) {
-					is_row_major ?
-						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape) :
-						strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(ox,idx, max_shape);
-					
-					for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
-					{
-						fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-						res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-					}
-					first_step = false;
-				}
-
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
-				{
-					res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
-				}
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
-				{
-					*(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
-					res_stepper.step_leading();
-					fct_stepper.step_leading();
-				}
-				
-				// next unaligned index
-				is_row_major ?
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
-					strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
-					
-				// need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
-				fct_stepper.to_begin();
-				res_stepper.to_begin();
-				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
-				{
-					fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-					res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		else {
-#elif defined(strided_parallel_assign) && defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        if (outer_loop_size > 20) {
-          tbb::static_partitioner sp;
-          tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0ul, outer_loop_size),
-                          [&e1, &e2, is_row_major, step_dim, simd_size, simd_rest, &max_shape, &idx_=idx](tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
-                              auto idx = idx_;
-                              auto fct_stepper = e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
-                              auto res_stepper = e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
-                              std::size_t first_step = true;
-//#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
-                              for (std::size_t ox = r.begin(); ox < r.end(); ++ox) {
-                                  if (first_step) {
-                                      is_row_major ?
-                                      strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox, idx,
-                                                                                                        max_shape) :
-                                      strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(ox, idx,
-                                                                                                           max_shape);
-
-                                      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i) {
-                                          fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                                          res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                                      }
-                                      first_step = false;
-                                  }
-
-                                  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i) {
-                                      res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(
-                                              fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
-                                  }
-                                  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i) {
-                                      *(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
-                                      res_stepper.step_leading();
-                                      fct_stepper.step_leading();
-                                  }
-
-                                  // next unaligned index
-                                  is_row_major ?
-                                  strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape) :
-                                  strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
-
-                                  // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
-                                  fct_stepper.to_begin();
-                                  res_stepper.to_begin();
-                                  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i) {
-                                      fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                                      res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                                  }
-                              }
-                          }, sp);
-    }
-		else {
-
-#endif
-        for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
+        if (outer_loop_size > 20)
         {
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
-            {
-                res_stepper.store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
-            }
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+            std::size_t first_step = true;
+#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
+            for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
             {
-                *(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
-                res_stepper.step_leading();
-                fct_stepper.step_leading();
-            }
+                if (first_step)
+                {
+                    is_row_major
+                        ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox, idx, max_shape)
+                        : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(ox, idx, max_shape);
+
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                        res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    }
+                    first_step = false;
+                }
 
-            is_row_major
-                ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
-                : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
+                {
+                    res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+                }
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+                {
+                    *(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+                    res_stepper.step_leading();
+                    fct_stepper.step_leading();
+                }
 
-            fct_stepper.to_begin();
+                // next unaligned index
+                is_row_major
+                    ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
+                    : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
 
-            // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
-            if (!E1::contiguous_layout)
-            {
+                // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+                fct_stepper.to_begin();
                 res_stepper.to_begin();
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
                 {
@@ -1242,22 +1203,129 @@ namespace xt
                     res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
                 }
             }
-            else
+        }
+        else
+        {
+#elif defined(strided_parallel_assign) && defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
+        if (outer_loop_size > 20)
+        {
+            tbb::static_partitioner sp;
+            tbb::parallel_for(
+                tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0ul, outer_loop_size),
+                [&e1, &e2, is_row_major, step_dim, simd_size, simd_rest, &max_shape, &idx_ = idx](
+                    const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& r
+                )
+                {
+                    auto idx = idx_;
+                    auto fct_stepper = e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
+                    auto res_stepper = e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
+                    std::size_t first_step = true;
+                    // #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper,
+                    // res_stepper, idx)
+                    for (std::size_t ox = r.begin(); ox < r.end(); ++ox)
+                    {
+                        if (first_step)
+                        {
+                            is_row_major
+                                ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::nth_idx(ox, idx, max_shape)
+                                : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::nth_idx(
+                                    ox,
+                                    idx,
+                                    max_shape
+                                );
+
+                            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                            {
+                                fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                                res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                            }
+                            first_step = false;
+                        }
+
+                        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
+                        {
+                            res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(
+                                fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>()
+                            );
+                        }
+                        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+                        {
+                            *(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+                            res_stepper.step_leading();
+                            fct_stepper.step_leading();
+                        }
+
+                        // next unaligned index
+                        is_row_major
+                            ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
+                            : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+
+                        // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+                        fct_stepper.to_begin();
+                        res_stepper.to_begin();
+                        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                        {
+                            fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                            res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                sp
+            );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+
+#endif
+            for (std::size_t ox = 0; ox < outer_loop_size; ++ox)
             {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
                 {
-                    fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    res_stepper.store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+                }
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
+                {
+                    *(res_stepper) = conditional_cast<needs_cast, e1_value_type>(*(fct_stepper));
+                    res_stepper.step_leading();
+                    fct_stepper.step_leading();
+                }
+
+                is_row_major
+                    ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
+                    : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
+
+                fct_stepper.to_begin();
+
+                // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+                if (!E1::contiguous_layout)
+                {
+                    res_stepper.to_begin();
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                        res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    }
                 }
             }
-        }
 #if (defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) || defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-		}
+        }
 #endif
-	}
+    }
 
     template <>
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void strided_loop_assigner<false>::run(E1& /*e1*/, const E2& /*e2*/)
+    inline void strided_loop_assigner<false>::run(
+        E1& /*e1*/,
+        const E2& /*e2*/,
+        loop_sizes_t const &
+    )
     {
     }
 }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index f5a79d3d7..792af6f82 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -924,9 +924,24 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xstrided_container<D>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         using str_type = typename inner_strides_type::value_type;
-        return is_contiguous_container<storage_type>::value
-               && (m_strides.empty() || (m_layout == layout_type::row_major && m_strides.back() == str_type(1))
-                   || (m_layout == layout_type::column_major && m_strides.front() == str_type(1)));
+        auto is_zero = [](auto i){return i == 0;};
+        // This is unsafe if the strides are all 0. Does that happen?
+        if (!is_contiguous_container<storage_type>::value)
+            return false;
+        if (m_layout == layout_type::row_major)
+        {
+            auto it = std::find_if_not(m_strides.rbegin(), m_strides.rend(), is_zero);
+            // If the array has strides of zero, it is a constant, and therefore contiguous.
+            return it == m_strides.rend() || *it == str_type(1);
+        }
+        else if (m_layout == layout_type::column_major)
+        {
+            auto it = std::find_if_not(m_strides.begin(), m_strides.end(), is_zero);
+            // If the array has strides of zero, it is a constant, and therefore contiguous.
+            return it == m_strides.end() || *it == str_type(1);
+        } else {
+            m_strides.empty();
+        }
     }
 
     namespace detail
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 7f696e6a5..0ce881944 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     main.cpp
     test_xaccumulator.cpp
     test_xadapt.cpp
+    test_strided_assign.cpp
     test_xassign.cpp
     test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
     test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44ab98c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common.hpp"
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    TEST(xassign_strided, mix_shape_types)
+    {
+        auto check_linear_assign = [](auto a, auto b) {
+            assert_compatible_shape(a, b);
+            return xassign_traits<decltype(a), decltype(b)>::linear_assign(a, b, true);
+        };
+        auto check_strided_assign = [](auto a, auto b) {
+            assert_compatible_shape(a, b);
+            static_assert(xassign_traits<decltype(a), decltype(b)>::strided_assign(), "Failed to do strided assign");
+            return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(a, b).can_do_strided_assign();
+        };
+        {
+            auto data = std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
+            auto simple_xtensor_12 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12}};
+            auto simple_xtensor_16 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12},{13,14,15,16}};
+            auto adapter_strided_noncont = xt::adapt(
+                data.data(),
+                12,
+                xt::no_ownership(),
+                std::vector<size_t>{4, 3},
+                std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+            );
+            auto adapter_strided_cont = xt::adapt(
+                    data.data() + 1,
+                    12,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{3, 4},
+                    std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+            );
+            auto adapter_strided_noncont_43 = xt::adapt(data.data(), 12, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{3,4},
+                                                        std::vector<size_t>{5,1});
+            EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, xt::transpose(adapter_strided_cont)));
+            auto contiguous_view = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(0,3), xt::all());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(check_linear_assign(contiguous_view, adapter_strided_cont));
+            EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(contiguous_view, xt::transpose(adapter_strided_noncont)));
+            EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(xt::transpose(adapter_strided_noncont), contiguous_view));
+            EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(contiguous_view, adapter_strided_noncont_43));
+            EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_strided_noncont_43, contiguous_view));
+            EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(contiguous_view, adapter_strided_noncont_43));
+            EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_strided_noncont_43, contiguous_view));
+            auto contiguous_view2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(1,3), xt::all());
+            auto contiguous_view3 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(0,2), xt::all());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(check_linear_assign(contiguous_view2, contiguous_view3));
+            {
+                auto view_noncont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::all(), xt::range(0,3));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, view_noncont));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, view_noncont));
+            }
+
+            {
+                std::vector<double> data2{-1, -1, -1, -1};
+                auto linear_adapter = xt::adapt(data2.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{4, 1});
+                auto adapter_cont2 = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{1, 4});
+                EXPECT_TRUE(linear_adapter.is_contiguous());
+                EXPECT_TRUE(adapter_cont2.is_contiguous());
+                bool success_one = check_linear_assign(linear_adapter, xt::transpose(adapter_cont2));
+                bool success_two = check_linear_assign(adapter_cont2, xt::transpose(linear_adapter));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(success_one && success_two);
+                auto adapter_noncont_singlecol = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{4,1},std::vector<size_t>{4,1});
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_noncont_singlecol, linear_adapter));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(linear_adapter, adapter_noncont_singlecol));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(adapter_noncont_singlecol, linear_adapter));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter, adapter_noncont_singlecol));
+                auto adapter_noncont_twocol = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{2,2},std::vector<size_t>{4,1});
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_noncont_twocol, linear_adapter.reshape({2,2})));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(linear_adapter.reshape({2,2}), adapter_noncont_twocol));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_noncont_twocol, linear_adapter.reshape({2,2})));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter.reshape({2,2}), adapter_noncont_twocol));
+                auto adapter_zero_strides = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{2,2}, std::vector<size_t>{0,0});
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_zero_strides, adapter_zero_strides));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(adapter_zero_strides, adapter_zero_strides));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_zero_strides, linear_adapter));
+            }
+
+            {
+                std::vector<double> data2{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};
+                auto linear_adapter2 = xt::adapt(data2.data(), 6, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{3, 2});
+                auto strided_adapter = xt::adapt(data.data(), 6, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{3, 2},
+                                                 std::vector<size_t>{4, 1});
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(linear_adapter2, strided_adapter));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(strided_adapter, linear_adapter2));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter2, strided_adapter));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(strided_adapter, linear_adapter2));
+                xt::noalias(strided_adapter) = linear_adapter2;
+                auto result_expected = std::vector<double>{-1, -1, 3, 4, -1, -1, 7, 8, -1, -1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
+                EXPECT_EQ(data, result_expected);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

From 1cc5b59521dd40510429864767b2903eb1800185 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2023 18:32:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 439/606] Revert some unnecessary changes again

---
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp |  2 --
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp    | 64 ++++++++++++++----------------------
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp |  9 +++++
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index 99ffa811c..ae261e354 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -544,10 +544,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             for (std::size_t i = strides.size(); i != 0; --i)
             {
-// 				std::cout << "matching: " << strides[i - 1] << " && " << shape[i - 1]<< " && " << data_size << std::endl;
                 if (!stride_match_condition(strides[i - 1], shape[i - 1], data_size, zero_strides))
                 {
-// 					std::cout << "non-matching: " << strides[i - 1] << " != " << data_size << std::endl;
                     return false;
                 }
                 data_size *= static_cast<value_type>(shape[i - 1]);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 52b7c33c0..0a2dbb6be 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -184,23 +184,15 @@ namespace xt
                                                      ? is_all_slice
                                                      : (!range_seen && (is_int_slice || is_range_slice)));
 
-            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major,
-                                                                  is_valid,
-                                                                  have_all_seen,
-                                                                  range_seen || is_range_slice,
-                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::value;
-			static constexpr size_t contiguous_dimensions = is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major,
-                                                                  is_valid,
-                                                                  have_all_seen,
-                                                                  range_seen || is_range_slice,
-                                                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t<V>>::contiguous_dimensions + (value ? 1 :0);
+            static constexpr bool value = is_contiguous_view_impl < layout_type::row_major, is_valid,
+                                  have_all_seen, range_seen || is_range_slice,
+                                  xtl::mpl::pop_front_t < V >> ::value;
         };
 
         template <bool valid, bool all_seen, bool range_seen>
         struct is_contiguous_view_impl<layout_type::row_major, valid, all_seen, range_seen, xtl::mpl::vector<>>
         {
             static constexpr bool value = valid;
-			static constexpr size_t contiguous_dimensions = 0;
         };
 
         // For column major the *same* but reverse is true -- with the additional
@@ -984,41 +976,33 @@ namespace xt
         return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
             [&](auto self)
             {
-				return self(this)->m_e.layout()==layout_type::row_major ?
-					((self(this)->strides()[self(this)->strides().size()-1] == 1) ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic) :
-					((self(this)->strides()[0] == 1) ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic);
-					
-                bool strides_match = do_strides_match(self(this)->shape(), self(this)->strides(), self(this)->m_e.layout(), true);
-                return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
+                if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
+                {
+                    return static_layout;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    bool strides_match = do_strides_match(
+                        self(this)->shape(),
+                        self(this)->strides(),
+                        self(this)->m_e.layout(),
+                        true
+                    );
+                    return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
+                }
             },
-        /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
-        {
-			std::cout << "View is not strided!" << std::endl;
-            return layout_type::dynamic;
-        });
+            /* else */
+            [&](auto /*self*/)
+            {
+                return layout_type::dynamic;
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline bool xview<CT, S...>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
-		return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>([&](auto self)
-        {
-            if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                bool strides_match = do_strides_match(self(this)->shape(), self(this)->strides(), self(this)->m_e.layout(), true);
-                return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout()!=layout_type::dynamic : false;
-            }
-        },
-        /* else */ [&](auto /*self*/)
-        {
-            return false;
-        });
-		
-//         return layout() != layout_type::dynamic;
+        return layout() != layout_type::dynamic;
     }
 
     //@}
diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
index 44ab98c07..c89e5cecd 100644
--- a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -70,6 +70,15 @@ namespace xt
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, view_noncont));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, view_noncont));
             }
+            {
+                auto view_cont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0,1), xt::range(0,4));
+                auto view_cont2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(3,4), xt::range(0,4));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_linear_assign(view_cont, view_cont2));
+                auto view_noncont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0,4), xt::range(0,3));
+                auto view_noncont2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0,4), xt::range(1,4));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(view_noncont, view_noncont2));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(view_noncont, view_noncont2));
+            }
 
             {
                 std::vector<double> data2{-1, -1, -1, -1};

From 011d8433aa90244353c433f37181ef953b273512 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 17:34:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 440/606] Add tbb to benchmark

---
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 51228749f..6b98e63f8 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -136,6 +136,15 @@ set(XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET benchmark_xtensor)
 add_executable(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 target_link_libraries(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} xtensor ${GBENCHMARK_LIBRARIES})
 
+if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
+    target_compile_definitions(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
+    target_include_directories(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE ${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    target_link_libraries(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
+endif()
+if(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
+    target_compile_definitions(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
+endif()
+
 add_custom_target(xbenchmark
     COMMAND benchmark_xtensor
     DEPENDS ${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET})

From 7c179a5d2931b8b31548eb86784bdc2e65b6ba16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 23:39:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 441/606] Fix typo

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 792af6f82..41c40be1c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ namespace xt
             // If the array has strides of zero, it is a constant, and therefore contiguous.
             return it == m_strides.end() || *it == str_type(1);
         } else {
-            m_strides.empty();
+            return m_strides.empty();
         }
     }
 

From 4c49f91a1c6e43d0e1020fa7cceea255ffdfee2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 17:12:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 442/606] Fix a few things and refactor to amke things
 backward-compatible

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp  |  80 ++++++++++++++++++---------
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 test/test_xassign.cpp        |  10 ++++
 3 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 4a68827b6..dc3302495 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -172,29 +172,32 @@ namespace xt
      * strided_loop_assigner *
      *************************/
 
-    namespace strided_assign_detail {
-        struct loop_sizes_t {
+    namespace strided_assign_detail
+    {
+        struct loop_sizes_t
+        {
+            bool can_do_strided_assign;
             bool is_row_major;
             std::size_t inner_loop_size;
             std::size_t outer_loop_size;
             std::size_t cut;
             std::size_t dimension;
-            inline bool can_do_strided_assign() { // Is it actually useful to do a strided assign?
-                return inner_loop_size > 1;
-                //return !((is_row_major && cut == dimension) || (!is_row_major && cut == 0)) && inner_loop_size != 1;
-            };
         };
     }
+
     template <bool simd>
     class strided_loop_assigner
     {
     public:
+
         using loop_sizes_t = strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t;
         // is_row_major, inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        static void run(E1& e1, const E2& e2, const loop_sizes_t &loop_sizes);
+        static void run(E1& e1, const E2& e2, const loop_sizes_t& loop_sizes);
         template <class E1, class E2>
         static loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(E1& e1, const E2& e2);
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        static void run(E1& e1, const E2& e2);
     };
 
     /***********************************
@@ -471,11 +474,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             if (simd_strided_assign)
             {
-                strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t loop_sizes = strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::get_loop_sizes(de1, de2);
-                if (loop_sizes.can_do_strided_assign())
-                    strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2, loop_sizes);
-                else
-                    stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>(de1, de2).run();
+                strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -1024,7 +1023,13 @@ namespace xt
             const strides_type& m_strides;
         };
 
-        template <class E1, class E2>
+        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<!has_strides<E1>::value || !has_strides<E2>::value || !possible, bool> = true>
+        loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2&)
+        {
+            return {false, true, 1, e1.size(), e1.dimension(), e1.dimension()};
+        }
+
+        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value && has_strides<E2>::value && possible, bool> = true>
         loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
         {
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
@@ -1033,8 +1038,11 @@ namespace xt
             // Try to find a row-major scheme first, where the outer loop is on the first N = `cut`
             // dimensions, and the inner loop is
             is_row_major = true;
-            auto is_zero = [](auto i){return i == 0;};
-            auto &&strides = e1.strides();
+            auto is_zero = [](auto i)
+            {
+                return i == 0;
+            };
+            auto&& strides = e1.strides();
             auto it_bwd = std::find_if_not(strides.rbegin(), strides.rend(), is_zero);
             bool de1_row_contiguous = it_bwd != strides.rend() && *it_bwd == 1;
             auto it_fwd = std::find_if_not(strides.begin(), strides.end(), is_zero);
@@ -1050,7 +1058,7 @@ namespace xt
             else
             {
                 // No strided loop possible.
-                return {true, 1, e1.size(), e1.dimension(), e1.dimension()};
+                return {false, true, 1, e1.size(), e1.dimension(), e1.dimension()};
             }
 
             // Cut is the number of dimensions in the outer loop
@@ -1069,7 +1077,8 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else if (!is_row_major)
             {
-                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides());
+                auto csf = check_strides_functor<layout_type::column_major, decltype(e1.strides())>(e1.strides()
+                );
                 cut = csf(e2);
                 if (cut > 1)
                 {
@@ -1096,7 +1105,7 @@ namespace xt
                 std::swap(outer_loop_size, inner_loop_size);
             }
 
-            return {is_row_major, inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut, e1.dimension()};
+            return {inner_loop_size > 1, is_row_major, inner_loop_size, outer_loop_size, cut, e1.dimension()};
         }
     }
 
@@ -1104,14 +1113,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t strided_loop_assigner<simd>::get_loop_sizes(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-        return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2);
+        return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes<simd>(e1, e2);
     }
 
 #define strided_parallel_assign
 
     template <bool simd>
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void strided_loop_assigner<simd>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2, const loop_sizes_t &loop_sizes)
+    inline void strided_loop_assigner<simd>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2, const loop_sizes_t& loop_sizes)
     {
         bool is_row_major = loop_sizes.is_row_major;
         std::size_t inner_loop_size = loop_sizes.inner_loop_size;
@@ -1244,7 +1253,7 @@ namespace xt
 
                         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
                         {
-                            res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(
+                            res_stepper.template store_simd(
                                 fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>()
                             );
                         }
@@ -1318,15 +1327,34 @@ namespace xt
         }
 #endif
     }
+    template <>
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    inline void strided_loop_assigner<true>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
+    {
+        strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t
+            loop_sizes = strided_loop_assigner<true>::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2);
+        if (loop_sizes.can_do_strided_assign)
+        {
+            run(e1, e2, loop_sizes);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // trigger the fallback assigner
+            stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>(e1, e2).run();
+        }
+    }
 
     template <>
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    inline void strided_loop_assigner<false>::run(
-        E1& /*e1*/,
-        const E2& /*e2*/,
-        loop_sizes_t const &
-    )
+    inline void strided_loop_assigner<false>::run(E1& /*e1*/, const E2& /*e2*/, const loop_sizes_t&)
+    {
+    }
+    template <>
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    inline void strided_loop_assigner<false>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
+        // trigger the fallback assigner
+        stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>(e1, e2).run();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
index c89e5cecd..4c91534fb 100644
--- a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -24,19 +24,29 @@ namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xassign_strided, mix_shape_types)
     {
-        auto check_linear_assign = [](auto a, auto b) {
+        auto check_linear_assign = [](auto a, auto b)
+        {
             assert_compatible_shape(a, b);
             return xassign_traits<decltype(a), decltype(b)>::linear_assign(a, b, true);
         };
-        auto check_strided_assign = [](auto a, auto b) {
+        auto check_strided_assign = [](auto a, auto b)
+        {
             assert_compatible_shape(a, b);
-            static_assert(xassign_traits<decltype(a), decltype(b)>::strided_assign(), "Failed to do strided assign");
-            return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(a, b).can_do_strided_assign();
+            static_assert(
+                xassign_traits<decltype(a), decltype(b)>::strided_assign(),
+                "Failed to do strided assign"
+            );
+            return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(a, b).can_do_strided_assign;
         };
         {
-            auto data = std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
-            auto simple_xtensor_12 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12}};
-            auto simple_xtensor_16 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12},{13,14,15,16}};
+            auto data = std::vector<double>{
+                1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
+            auto simple_xtensor_12 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+            auto simple_xtensor_16 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{
+                {1, 2, 3, 4},
+                {5, 6, 7, 8},
+                {9, 10, 11, 12},
+                {13, 14, 15, 16}};
             auto adapter_strided_noncont = xt::adapt(
                 data.data(),
                 12,
@@ -45,16 +55,21 @@ namespace xt
                 std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
             );
             auto adapter_strided_cont = xt::adapt(
-                    data.data() + 1,
-                    12,
-                    xt::no_ownership(),
-                    std::vector<size_t>{3, 4},
-                    std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+                data.data() + 1,
+                12,
+                xt::no_ownership(),
+                std::vector<size_t>{3, 4},
+                std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+            );
+            auto adapter_strided_noncont_43 = xt::adapt(
+                data.data(),
+                12,
+                xt::no_ownership(),
+                std::vector<size_t>{3, 4},
+                std::vector<size_t>{5, 1}
             );
-            auto adapter_strided_noncont_43 = xt::adapt(data.data(), 12, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{3,4},
-                                                        std::vector<size_t>{5,1});
             EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, xt::transpose(adapter_strided_cont)));
-            auto contiguous_view = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(0,3), xt::all());
+            auto contiguous_view = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(0, 3), xt::all());
             EXPECT_TRUE(check_linear_assign(contiguous_view, adapter_strided_cont));
             EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(contiguous_view, xt::transpose(adapter_strided_noncont)));
             EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(xt::transpose(adapter_strided_noncont), contiguous_view));
@@ -62,20 +77,20 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_strided_noncont_43, contiguous_view));
             EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(contiguous_view, adapter_strided_noncont_43));
             EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_strided_noncont_43, contiguous_view));
-            auto contiguous_view2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(1,3), xt::all());
-            auto contiguous_view3 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(0,2), xt::all());
+            auto contiguous_view2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(1, 3), xt::all());
+            auto contiguous_view3 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_12, xt::range(0, 2), xt::all());
             EXPECT_TRUE(check_linear_assign(contiguous_view2, contiguous_view3));
             {
-                auto view_noncont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::all(), xt::range(0,3));
+                auto view_noncont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::all(), xt::range(0, 3));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, view_noncont));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_strided_noncont, view_noncont));
             }
             {
-                auto view_cont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0,1), xt::range(0,4));
-                auto view_cont2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(3,4), xt::range(0,4));
+                auto view_cont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0, 1), xt::range(0, 4));
+                auto view_cont2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(3, 4), xt::range(0, 4));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_linear_assign(view_cont, view_cont2));
-                auto view_noncont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0,4), xt::range(0,3));
-                auto view_noncont2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0,4), xt::range(1,4));
+                auto view_noncont = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0, 4), xt::range(0, 3));
+                auto view_noncont2 = xt::view(simple_xtensor_16, xt::range(0, 4), xt::range(1, 4));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(view_noncont, view_noncont2));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(view_noncont, view_noncont2));
             }
@@ -89,17 +104,35 @@ namespace xt
                 bool success_one = check_linear_assign(linear_adapter, xt::transpose(adapter_cont2));
                 bool success_two = check_linear_assign(adapter_cont2, xt::transpose(linear_adapter));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(success_one && success_two);
-                auto adapter_noncont_singlecol = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{4,1},std::vector<size_t>{4,1});
+                auto adapter_noncont_singlecol = xt::adapt(
+                    data.data(),
+                    4,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{4, 1},
+                    std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+                );
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_noncont_singlecol, linear_adapter));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(linear_adapter, adapter_noncont_singlecol));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(adapter_noncont_singlecol, linear_adapter));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter, adapter_noncont_singlecol));
-                auto adapter_noncont_twocol = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{2,2},std::vector<size_t>{4,1});
-                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_noncont_twocol, linear_adapter.reshape({2,2})));
-                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(linear_adapter.reshape({2,2}), adapter_noncont_twocol));
-                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_noncont_twocol, linear_adapter.reshape({2,2})));
-                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter.reshape({2,2}), adapter_noncont_twocol));
-                auto adapter_zero_strides = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{2,2}, std::vector<size_t>{0,0});
+                auto adapter_noncont_twocol = xt::adapt(
+                    data.data(),
+                    4,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{2, 2},
+                    std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+                );
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_noncont_twocol, linear_adapter.reshape({2, 2})));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(linear_adapter.reshape({2, 2}), adapter_noncont_twocol));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(adapter_noncont_twocol, linear_adapter.reshape({2, 2})));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter.reshape({2, 2}), adapter_noncont_twocol));
+                auto adapter_zero_strides = xt::adapt(
+                    data.data(),
+                    4,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{2, 2},
+                    std::vector<size_t>{0, 0}
+                );
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_zero_strides, adapter_zero_strides));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_strided_assign(adapter_zero_strides, adapter_zero_strides));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(adapter_zero_strides, linear_adapter));
@@ -108,14 +141,20 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 std::vector<double> data2{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};
                 auto linear_adapter2 = xt::adapt(data2.data(), 6, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{3, 2});
-                auto strided_adapter = xt::adapt(data.data(), 6, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{3, 2},
-                                                 std::vector<size_t>{4, 1});
+                auto strided_adapter = xt::adapt(
+                    data.data(),
+                    6,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{3, 2},
+                    std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+                );
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(linear_adapter2, strided_adapter));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(check_linear_assign(strided_adapter, linear_adapter2));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter2, strided_adapter));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(strided_adapter, linear_adapter2));
                 xt::noalias(strided_adapter) = linear_adapter2;
-                auto result_expected = std::vector<double>{-1, -1, 3, 4, -1, -1, 7, 8, -1, -1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
+                auto result_expected = std::vector<double>{
+                    -1, -1, 3, 4, -1, -1, 7, 8, -1, -1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
                 EXPECT_EQ(data, result_expected);
             }
         }
diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
index 475d0e5cf..4af38bcf1 100644
--- a/test/test_xassign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
+#include <iterator>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
@@ -82,6 +83,15 @@ class my_vector
         return m_data.begin();
     }
 
+    auto rbegin() const
+    {
+        return std::make_reverse_iterator(end());
+    }
+    auto rend() const
+    {
+        return std::make_reverse_iterator(begin());
+    }
+
     auto empty() const
     {
         return m_data.empty();

From 0b3caffb8b3a8363cc322e21d009b3a3540d0578 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 17:49:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 443/606] Use tbb and opnemp also in benchmark

---
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 6b98e63f8..412d03644 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -134,15 +134,15 @@ set(XTENSOR_BENCHMARK
 
 set(XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET benchmark_xtensor)
 add_executable(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
-target_link_libraries(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} xtensor ${GBENCHMARK_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PUBLIC xtensor ${GBENCHMARK_LIBRARIES})
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-    target_compile_definitions(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-    target_include_directories(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE ${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-    target_link_libraries(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
+    target_compile_definitions(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PUBLIC XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
+    target_include_directories(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PUBLIC ${TBB_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    target_link_libraries(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PUBLIC ${TBB_LIBRARIES})
 endif()
 if(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
-    target_compile_definitions(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
+    target_compile_definitions(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PUBLIC XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
 add_custom_target(xbenchmark

From 609d8489b0f98058f5ae91da894de33ff127e37b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 17:50:03 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 444/606] Use the various THRESHOLDs for the strided loops

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index dc3302495..68835f047 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ namespace xt
             step_dim = cut;
         }
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-        if (outer_loop_size > 20)
+        if (outer_loop_size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_THRESHOLD / inner_loop_size)
         {
             std::size_t first_step = true;
 #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ namespace xt
         else
         {
 #elif defined(strided_parallel_assign) && defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
-        if (outer_loop_size > 20)
+        if (outer_loop_size > XTENSOR_TBB_THRESHOLD / inner_loop_size)
         {
             tbb::static_partitioner sp;
             tbb::parallel_for(

From 6a9d20513cada231e941c867766cc3d0955ccf11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 18:32:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 445/606] Add benchmark for stencil operations

---
 benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+)

diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
index e0f9067d3..13d21366a 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
@@ -195,6 +195,54 @@ namespace xt
         BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(view_assign_strided_view_noalias, float);
     }
 
+    namespace finite_diff
+    {
+        inline auto stencil_threedirections(benchmark::State& state, size_t size)
+        {
+            for (auto _ : state)
+            {
+                const std::array<size_t, 3> shape = {size, size, size};
+                xt::xtensor<double, 3> a(shape), b(shape);
+                auto core = xt::range(1, size - 1);
+                xt::noalias(xt::view(b, core, core, core)
+                ) = 1.0 / 7.0
+                    * (xt::view(a, core, core, core) + xt::view(a, core, core, xt::range(2, size))
+                       + xt::view(a, core, core, xt::range(0, size - 2))
+                       + xt::view(a, core, xt::range(2, size), core)
+                       + xt::view(a, core, xt::range(0, size - 2), core)
+                       + xt::view(a, xt::range(2, size), core, core)
+                       + xt::view(a, xt::range(0, size - 2), core, core));
+                benchmark::DoNotOptimize(b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        inline auto stencil_onedirection(benchmark::State& state, size_t size)
+        {
+            for (auto _ : state)
+            {
+                const std::array<size_t, 3> shape = {size, size, size};
+                xt::xtensor<double, 3> a(shape), b(shape);
+                auto core = xt::range(1, size - 1);
+                xt::noalias(xt::view(b, core, core, core)
+                ) = 1.0 / 2.0
+                    * (xt::view(a, xt::range(2, size), core, core)
+                       - xt::view(a, xt::range(0, size - 2), core, core));
+                benchmark::DoNotOptimize(b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_50, 50);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_100, 100);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_200, 200);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_300, 300);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_500, 500);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_50, 50);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_100, 100);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_200, 200);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_300, 300);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_500, 500);
+    }
+
     namespace stridedview
     {
 

From 4299283443c3f28ec17e4eec706063bfea8ae997 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 18:36:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 446/606] Add two-direction stencil too

---
 benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+)

diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
index 13d21366a..db233ec05 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
@@ -216,6 +216,23 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
+        inline auto stencil_twodirections(benchmark::State& state, size_t size)
+        {
+            for (auto _ : state)
+            {
+                const std::array<size_t, 3> shape = {size, size, size};
+                xt::xtensor<double, 3> a(shape), b(shape);
+                auto core = xt::range(1, size - 1);
+                xt::noalias(xt::view(b, core, core, core)
+                ) = 1.0 / 7.0
+                    * (xt::view(a, core, core, core) + xt::view(a, core, xt::range(2, size), core)
+                       + xt::view(a, core, xt::range(0, size - 2), core)
+                       + xt::view(a, xt::range(2, size), core, core)
+                       + xt::view(a, xt::range(0, size - 2), core, core));
+                benchmark::DoNotOptimize(b);
+            }
+        }
+
         inline auto stencil_onedirection(benchmark::State& state, size_t size)
         {
             for (auto _ : state)
@@ -236,6 +253,11 @@ namespace xt
         BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_200, 200);
         BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_300, 300);
         BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_threedirections, stencil_threedirections_500, 500);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_twodirections, stencil_twodirections_50, 50);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_twodirections, stencil_twodirections_100, 100);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_twodirections, stencil_twodirections_200, 200);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_twodirections, stencil_twodirections_300, 300);
+        BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_twodirections, stencil_twodirections_500, 500);
         BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_50, 50);
         BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_100, 100);
         BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(stencil_onedirection, stencil_onedirections_200, 200);

From f66ab3f745d6d57a908344e99f6475e43ce0aa3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 18:54:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 447/606] Add more elaborate view test

---
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
index 4c91534fb..b8cea8571 100644
--- a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,20 @@ namespace xt
             );
             return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(a, b).can_do_strided_assign;
         };
+        {
+            size_t size = 50;
+            const std::array<size_t, 3> shape = {size, size, size};
+            xt::xtensor<double, 3> a(shape), b(shape);
+            auto core = xt::range(1, size - 1);
+            auto lhs = xt::view(b, core, core, core);
+            auto rhs = 1.0 / 7.0
+                       * (xt::view(a, core, core, core) + xt::view(a, core, xt::range(2, size), core)
+                          + xt::view(a, core, xt::range(0, size - 2), core)
+                          + xt::view(a, xt::range(2, size), core, core)
+                          + xt::view(a, xt::range(0, size - 2), core, core));
+            xt::noalias(lhs) = rhs;
+            EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(lhs, rhs));
+        }
         {
             auto data = std::vector<double>{
                 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};

From 32595af23114618b17491dad64fa081c751917b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2023 23:57:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 448/606] Remove some buggy checks

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 24 ++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 68835f047..48385cce6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -903,16 +903,8 @@ namespace xt
                 for (size_type i = 0; i < outer_shape.size(); i++)
                 {
                     auto d_idx = n / stride_sizes[i];
-                    if (d_idx < outer_shape[i])
-                    {
-                        outer_index[i] = d_idx;
-                        n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // that may not happen
-                        outer_index[i] = 0;
-                    }
+                    outer_index[i] = d_idx;
+                    n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -959,12 +951,8 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     i--;
                     auto d_idx = n / stride_sizes[i];
-                    if (d_idx < (outer_shape[i] - 1))
-                    {
-                        outer_index[i] = d_idx;
-                        n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
-                    }
-                    // 					else {}   // that may not happen
+                    outer_index[i] = d_idx;
+                    n -= d_idx * stride_sizes[i];
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -1023,13 +1011,13 @@ namespace xt
             const strides_type& m_strides;
         };
 
-        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<!has_strides<E1>::value || !has_strides<E2>::value || !possible, bool> = true>
+        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<!has_strides<E1>::value || !possible, bool> = true>
         loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2&)
         {
             return {false, true, 1, e1.size(), e1.dimension(), e1.dimension()};
         }
 
-        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value && has_strides<E2>::value && possible, bool> = true>
+        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value && possible, bool> = true>
         loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
         {
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;

From df7abfb9010cc38eed6458526f6f526f4d75cc75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud Wempe <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:06:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 449/606] Fix a few more bugs

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 48385cce6..2566bde17 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ namespace xt
             step_dim = cut;
         }
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP) && defined(strided_parallel_assign)
-        if (outer_loop_size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_THRESHOLD / inner_loop_size)
+        if (outer_loop_size >= XTENSOR_OPENMP_TRESHOLD / inner_loop_size)
         {
             std::size_t first_step = true;
 #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) firstprivate(first_step, fct_stepper, res_stepper, idx)
@@ -1241,9 +1241,7 @@ namespace xt
 
                         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
                         {
-                            res_stepper.template store_simd(
-                                fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>()
-                            );
+                            res_stepper.template store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
                         }
                         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
                         {
@@ -1257,13 +1255,24 @@ namespace xt
                             ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
                             : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
 
-                        // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
                         fct_stepper.to_begin();
-                        res_stepper.to_begin();
-                        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+
+                        // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+                        if (!E1::contiguous_layout)
                         {
-                            fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                            res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                            res_stepper.to_begin();
+                            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                            {
+                                fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                                res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                            {
+                                fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 },
@@ -1315,12 +1324,12 @@ namespace xt
         }
 #endif
     }
+
     template <>
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void strided_loop_assigner<true>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
     {
-        strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t
-            loop_sizes = strided_loop_assigner<true>::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2);
+        strided_assign_detail::loop_sizes_t loop_sizes = strided_loop_assigner<true>::get_loop_sizes(e1, e2);
         if (loop_sizes.can_do_strided_assign)
         {
             run(e1, e2, loop_sizes);

From e0baac4ed16f239ac3ed347ae1af1e7243830f77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2023 12:33:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 450/606] Fix xt::partition over an axis

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 84 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 test/test_xsort.cpp       | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index a8253dd55..0d647d569 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
@@ -424,6 +425,52 @@ namespace xt
      * Implementation of partition and argpartition *
      ************************************************/
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        /**
+         * Partition a given random iterator.
+         *
+         * @param data_begin Start of the data to partition.
+         * @param data_end Past end of the data to partition.
+         * @param kth_start Start of the indices to partition.
+         *        Indices must be sorted in decreasing order.
+         * @param kth_end Past end of the indices to partition.
+         *        Indices must be sorted in decreasing order.
+         * @param comp Comparison function for `x < y`.
+         */
+        template <class RandomIt, class Iter, class Compare>
+        inline void
+        partition_iter(RandomIt data_begin, RandomIt data_end, Iter kth_begin, Iter kth_end, Compare comp)
+        {
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(data_begin, data_end) >= 0);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(kth_begin, kth_end) >= 0);
+
+            using idx_type = typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type;
+
+            idx_type k_last = static_cast<idx_type>(std::distance(data_begin, data_end));
+            for (; kth_begin != kth_end; ++kth_begin)
+            {
+                std::nth_element(data_begin, data_begin + *kth_begin, data_begin + k_last, std::move(comp));
+                k_last = *kth_begin;
+            }
+        }
+
+        template <class RandomIt, class Iter>
+        inline void partition_iter(RandomIt data_begin, RandomIt data_end, Iter kth_begin, Iter kth_end)
+        {
+            return partition_iter(
+                std::move(data_begin),
+                std::move(data_end),
+                std::move(kth_begin),
+                std::move(kth_end),
+                [](const auto& x, const auto& y) -> bool
+                {
+                    return x < y;
+                }
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Partially sort xexpression
      *
@@ -468,14 +515,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         std::copy(de.linear_cbegin(), de.linear_cend(), ev.linear_begin());  // flatten
-        std::size_t k_last = kth_copy.back();
-        std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + k_last, ev.linear_end());
 
-        for (auto it = (kth_copy.rbegin() + 1); it != kth_copy.rend(); ++it)
-        {
-            std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + *it, ev.linear_begin() + k_last);
-            k_last = *it;
-        }
+        detail::partition_iter(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_end(), kth_copy.rbegin(), kth_copy.rend());
 
         return ev;
     }
@@ -508,18 +549,10 @@ namespace xt
             return partition<E, C, eval_type>(de, kth_container, xnone());
         }
 
-        C kth_copy = kth_container;
-        if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
-        {
-            std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
-        }
-
         std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
 
         eval_type res;
 
-        std::size_t kth = kth_copy.back();
-
         dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
         bool is_leading_axis = (ax == detail::leading_axis(de));
 
@@ -533,17 +566,18 @@ namespace xt
             res = de;
         }
 
-        auto lambda = [&kth](auto begin, auto end)
-        {
-            std::nth_element(begin, begin + kth, end);
-        };
-        detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, lambda);
-
-        for (auto it = kth_copy.rbegin() + 1; it != kth_copy.rend(); ++it)
+        C kth_copy = kth_container;
+        if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
         {
-            kth = *it;
-            detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, lambda);
+            std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
         }
+        detail::call_over_leading_axis(
+            res,
+            [&kth_copy](auto begin, auto end)
+            {
+                detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_copy.rbegin(), kth_copy.rend());
+            }
+        );
 
         if (!is_leading_axis)
         {
@@ -906,7 +940,7 @@ namespace xt
      *        distribution.
      * @param alpha Interpolation parameter. Must be in the range ``[0, 1]]``.
      * @param beta Interpolation parameter. Must be in the range ``[0, 1]]``.
-     * @tparam T The type in which the quatile are computed.
+     * @tparam T The type in which the quantile are computed.
      * @return An expression with as many dimensions as the input @p e.
      *         The first axis correspond to the quantiles.
      *         The other axes are the axes that remain after the reduction of @p e.
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index 6b0e396f1..fea9894bf 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ namespace xt
         bool res = true;
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < pos; ++i)
         {
-            res = res && arr(i) < arr(pos);
+            res = res && arr(i) <= arr(pos);
         }
         for (std::size_t i = pos; i < arr.size(); ++i)
         {
@@ -341,16 +341,53 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xsort, partition)
     {
-        xt::xarray<int> a = {3, 4, 2, 1};
-        auto r1 = xt::partition(a, 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(check_partition(r1, 2));
+        SUBCASE("simple")
+        {
+            xt::xarray<int> a = {3, 4, 2, 1};
+            auto part = xt::partition(a, 2);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(check_partition(part, 2));
+        }
+
+        SUBCASE("complex")
+        {
+            xt::xarray<double> a = {
+                927.,  932.,  935.,  943.,  944.,  944.,  945.,  948.,  952.,  962.,  968.,  968.,  969.,
+                969.,  974.,  981.,  993.,  994.,  994.,  1003., 1007., 1008., 1008., 1012., 1013., 1014.,
+                1014., 1017., 1019., 1020., 1023., 1026., 1026., 1028., 1030., 1032., 1039., 1047., 1071.,
+                1080., 1085., 1088., 1111., 1112., 1117., 1119., 1128., 1130., 1209., 1309., 1426.};
+            xt::xtensor_fixed<std::size_t, xt::xshape<4>> kth = {17, 32, 18, 33};
+
+            SUBCASE("1D")
+            {
+                auto part = xt::partition(a, kth);
+                for (std::size_t k : kth)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(k);
+                    EXPECT_TRUE(check_partition(part, k));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("2D")
+            {
+                a.reshape({1, a.size()});
+                auto part = xt::partition(a, kth, 1);
+                for (std::size_t k : kth)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(k);
+                    EXPECT_TRUE(check_partition(part, k));
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
+        SUBCASE("exception")
+        {
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
-        xt::xarray<double> xarr = xt::eval(xt::arange(0, 16));
-        xarr.reshape({4, 4});
-        auto view = xt::transpose(xarr, {1, 0});
-        EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::partition(view, 1, 0));
+            xt::xarray<double> a = xt::eval(xt::arange(0, 16));
+            a.reshape({4, 4});
+            auto view = xt::transpose(a, {1, 0});
+            EXPECT_NO_THROW(xt::partition(view, 1, 0));
 #endif
+        }
     }
 
     template <class T, class U>

From 5615c33b419438fe73c4aa4a0376cebcf3ab4f9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2023 12:33:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 451/606] Fix xt::partition over an axis

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 48 +++++++++++++++------------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 0d647d569..79dbd5daa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ namespace xt
                 secondary_stride = adjust_secondary_stride(ev.strides()[1], *(ev.shape().begin()));
             }
 
-            std::ptrdiff_t offset = 0;
-
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters; ++i, offset += secondary_stride)
+            const auto begin = ev.data();
+            const auto end = begin + n_iters * secondary_stride;
+            for (auto iter = begin; iter < end; iter += secondary_stride)
             {
-                fct(ev.data() + offset, ev.data() + offset + secondary_stride);
+                fct(iter, iter + secondary_stride);
             }
         }
 
@@ -549,41 +549,29 @@ namespace xt
             return partition<E, C, eval_type>(de, kth_container, xnone());
         }
 
-        std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
-
-        eval_type res;
-
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
-        bool is_leading_axis = (ax == detail::leading_axis(de));
-
-        if (!is_leading_axis)
-        {
-            std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(de.dimension(), ax, de.layout());
-            res = transpose(de, permutation);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            res = de;
-        }
-
         C kth_copy = kth_container;
         if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
         {
             std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
         }
-        detail::call_over_leading_axis(
-            res,
-            [&kth_copy](auto begin, auto end)
-            {
-                detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_copy.rbegin(), kth_copy.rend());
-            }
-        );
+        const auto partition_w_kth = [&kth_copy](auto begin, auto end)
+        {
+            detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_copy.rbegin(), kth_copy.rend());
+        };
 
-        if (!is_leading_axis)
+        std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
+        if (ax == detail::leading_axis(de))
         {
-            res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
+            eval_type res = de;
+            detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, partition_w_kth);
+            return res;
         }
 
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
+        std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(de.dimension(), ax, de.layout());
+        eval_type res = transpose(de, permutation);
+        detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, partition_w_kth);
+        res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
         return res;
     }
 

From 67ec364f5c5d695e39eccfd9f11dc98ab1e7dfae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2023 15:31:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 452/606] Fix argpartition

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 187 +++++++++++++++++---------------------
 test/test_xsort.cpp       |  59 +++++++++---
 2 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 79dbd5daa..1953eeada 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -84,6 +84,53 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
+        template <class E1, class E2, class F>
+        inline void call_over_leading_axis(E1& e1, E2& e2, F&& fct)
+        {
+            std::size_t n_iters = 1;
+            std::ptrdiff_t secondary_stride1, secondary_stride2;
+
+            if (e1.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
+            {
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    e1.shape().begin(),
+                    e1.shape().end() - 1,
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
+                secondary_stride1 = adjust_secondary_stride(
+                    e1.strides()[e1.dimension() - 2],
+                    *(e1.shape().end() - 1)
+                );
+                secondary_stride2 = adjust_secondary_stride(
+                    e2.strides()[e2.dimension() - 2],
+                    *(e2.shape().end() - 2)
+                );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                    e1.shape().begin() + 1,
+                    e1.shape().end(),
+                    std::size_t(1),
+                    std::multiplies<>()
+                );
+                secondary_stride1 = adjust_secondary_stride(e1.strides()[1], *(e1.shape().begin()));
+                secondary_stride2 = adjust_secondary_stride(e2.strides()[1], *(e2.shape().begin()));
+            }
+
+            const auto begin1 = e1.data();
+            const auto end1 = begin1 + n_iters * secondary_stride1;
+            const auto begin2 = e2.data();
+            const auto end2 = begin2 + n_iters * secondary_stride2;
+            auto iter1 = begin1;
+            auto iter2 = begin2;
+            for (; (iter1 < end1) && (iter2 < end2); iter1 += secondary_stride1, iter2 += secondary_stride2)
+            {
+                fct(iter1, iter1 + secondary_stride1, iter2, iter2 + secondary_stride2);
+            }
+        }
+
         template <class E>
         inline std::size_t leading_axis(const E& e)
         {
@@ -630,7 +677,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
 
-        result_type ev = result_type::from_shape({de.size()});
+        result_type res = result_type::from_shape({de.size()});
 
         C kth_copy = kth_container;
         if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
@@ -638,22 +685,20 @@ namespace xt
             std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
         }
 
-        auto arg_lambda = [&de](std::size_t a, std::size_t b)
-        {
-            return de[a] < de[b];
-        };
-
-        std::iota(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_end(), 0);
-        std::size_t k_last = kth_copy.back();
-        std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + k_last, ev.linear_end(), arg_lambda);
+        std::iota(res.linear_begin(), res.linear_end(), 0);
 
-        for (auto it = (kth_copy.rbegin() + 1); it != kth_copy.rend(); ++it)
-        {
-            std::nth_element(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_begin() + *it, ev.linear_begin() + k_last, arg_lambda);
-            k_last = *it;
-        }
+        detail::partition_iter(
+            res.linear_begin(),
+            res.linear_end(),
+            kth_copy.rbegin(),
+            kth_copy.rend(),
+            [&de](std::size_t a, std::size_t b)
+            {
+                return de[a] < de[b];
+            }
+        );
 
-        return ev;
+        return res;
     }
 
     template <class E, class I, std::size_t N>
@@ -672,65 +717,6 @@ namespace xt
         return argpartition(e, std::array<std::size_t, 1>({kth}), tag);
     }
 
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class Ed, class Ei>
-        inline void
-        argpartition_over_leading_axis(const Ed& data, Ei& inds, std::size_t kth, std::ptrdiff_t last)
-        {
-            std::size_t n_iters = 1;
-            std::ptrdiff_t data_secondary_stride, inds_secondary_stride;
-
-            if (data.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
-            {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
-                    data.shape().begin(),
-                    data.shape().end() - 1,
-                    std::size_t(1),
-                    std::multiplies<>()
-                );
-                data_secondary_stride = data.strides()[data.dimension() - 2];
-                inds_secondary_stride = inds.strides()[inds.dimension() - 2];
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
-                    data.shape().begin() + 1,
-                    data.shape().end(),
-                    std::size_t(1),
-                    std::multiplies<>()
-                );
-                data_secondary_stride = data.strides()[1];
-                inds_secondary_stride = inds.strides()[1];
-            }
-
-            auto ptr = data.data();
-            auto indices_ptr = inds.data();
-            auto comp = [&ptr](std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
-            {
-                return *(ptr + x) < *(ptr + y);
-            };
-
-            if (last == -1)  // initialize
-            {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters;
-                     ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
-                {
-                    std::iota(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + inds_secondary_stride, 0);
-                    std::nth_element(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + kth, indices_ptr + inds_secondary_stride, comp);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters;
-                     ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
-                {
-                    std::nth_element(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + kth, indices_ptr + last, comp);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
     inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
@@ -739,8 +725,6 @@ namespace xt
 
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
 
-        std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
-
         if (de.dimension() == 1)
         {
             return argpartition<E, C, result_type>(e, kth_container, xnone());
@@ -751,38 +735,35 @@ namespace xt
         {
             std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
         }
-
-        eval_type ev;
-        result_type res;
-
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
-        bool is_leading_axis = (ax == detail::leading_axis(de));
-
-        if (!is_leading_axis)
-        {
-            std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(de.dimension(), ax, de.layout());
-            ev = transpose(de, permutation);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            ev = de;
-        }
-        res.resize(ev.shape());
-
-        std::size_t kth = kth_copy.back();
-        detail::argpartition_over_leading_axis(ev, res, kth, -1);
-
-        for (auto it = (kth_copy.rbegin() + 1); it != kth_copy.rend(); ++it)
+        const auto argpartition_w_kth = [&kth_copy](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto /*ev_end*/)
         {
-            detail::argpartition_over_leading_axis(ev, res, *it, static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(kth));
-            kth = *it;
-        }
+            std::iota(res_begin, res_end, 0);
+            detail::partition_iter(
+                res_begin,
+                res_end,
+                kth_copy.rbegin(),
+                kth_copy.rend(),
+                [&ev_begin](auto const& i, auto const& j)
+                {
+                    return *(ev_begin + i) < *(ev_begin + j);
+                }
+            );
+        };
 
-        if (!is_leading_axis)
+        std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
+        if (ax == detail::leading_axis(de))
         {
-            res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
+            result_type res = result_type::from_shape(de.shape());
+            detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, de, argpartition_w_kth);
+            return res;
         }
 
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
+        std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(de.dimension(), ax, de.layout());
+        eval_type ev = transpose(de, permutation);
+        result_type res = result_type::from_shape(ev.shape());
+        detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, ev, argpartition_w_kth);
+        res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
         return res;
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index fea9894bf..74687279a 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ namespace xt
         bool res = true;
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < pos; ++i)
         {
-            res = res && arr(idxs[i]) < arr(idxs[pos]);
+            res = res && arr(idxs[i]) <= arr(idxs[pos]);
         }
         for (std::size_t i = pos; i < arr.size(); ++i)
         {
@@ -407,16 +407,53 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(xsort, argpartition)
     {
-        xt::xarray<int> a = {3, 4, 2, 1};
-        auto r1 = xt::argpartition(a, 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(a, r1, 2));
-
-        std::size_t s = a.size();
-        int* arr = a.data();
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> sh = {s};
-        auto b = xt::adapt(arr, s, xt::no_ownership(), sh);
-        auto r2 = xt::argpartition(b, 2);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(b, r2, 2));
+        SUBCASE("simple")
+        {
+            xt::xarray<int> a = {3, 4, 2, 1};
+            auto r1 = xt::argpartition(a, 2);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(a, r1, 2));
+
+            SUBCASE("adapt")
+            {
+                std::size_t s = a.size();
+                int* arr = a.data();
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> sh = {s};
+                auto b = xt::adapt(arr, s, xt::no_ownership(), sh);
+                auto r2 = xt::argpartition(b, 2);
+                EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(b, r2, 2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SUBCASE("complex")
+        {
+            xt::xarray<double> a = {
+                1014., 1017., 1019., 1020., 1023., 1026., 1026., 1028., 1030., 1032., 1039., 1047., 1071.,
+                927.,  932.,  935.,  943.,  944.,  944.,  945.,  948.,  952.,  962.,  968.,  968.,  969.,
+                969.,  974.,  981.,  993.,  994.,  994.,  1003., 1007., 1008., 1008., 1012., 1013., 1014.,
+                1080., 1085., 1088., 1111., 1112., 1117., 1119., 1128., 1130., 1209., 1309., 1426.};
+            xt::xtensor_fixed<std::size_t, xt::xshape<4>> kth = {17, 32, 18, 33};
+
+            SUBCASE("1D")
+            {
+                const auto argpart = xt::argpartition(a, kth);
+                for (std::size_t k : kth)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(k);
+                    EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(a, argpart, k));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SUBCASE("2D")
+            {
+                a.reshape({1, a.size()});
+                const auto argpart = xt::argpartition(a, kth, 1);
+                for (std::size_t k : kth)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(k);
+                    EXPECT_TRUE(check_argpartition(a, argpart, k));
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     TEST(xsort, quantile)

From a0ac70d7642ff6d40924a4f3c3983763617d552f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2023 16:24:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 453/606] Refactor argsort to use call_over_leading_axis

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 76 +++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 1953eeada..dc5e1ce13 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -349,50 +349,6 @@ namespace xt
                 typename T::temporary_type>::type;
         };
 
-        template <class Ed, class Ei>
-        inline void argsort_over_leading_axis(const Ed& data, Ei& inds)
-        {
-            std::size_t n_iters = 1;
-            std::ptrdiff_t data_secondary_stride, inds_secondary_stride;
-
-            if (data.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
-            {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
-                    data.shape().begin(),
-                    data.shape().end() - 1,
-                    std::size_t(1),
-                    std::multiplies<>()
-                );
-                data_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data.shape(data.dimension() - 1));
-                inds_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(inds.shape(inds.dimension() - 1));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
-                    data.shape().begin() + 1,
-                    data.shape().end(),
-                    std::size_t(1),
-                    std::multiplies<>()
-                );
-                data_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data.shape(0));
-                inds_secondary_stride = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(inds.shape(0));
-            }
-
-            auto ptr = data.data();
-            auto indices_ptr = inds.data();
-
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n_iters;
-                 ++i, ptr += data_secondary_stride, indices_ptr += inds_secondary_stride)
-            {
-                auto comp = [&ptr](std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
-                {
-                    return *(ptr + x) < *(ptr + y);
-                };
-                std::iota(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + inds_secondary_stride, 0);
-                std::sort(indices_ptr, indices_ptr + inds_secondary_stride, comp);
-            }
-        }
-
         template <class E, class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<E>::type>
         inline auto flatten_argsort_impl(const xexpression<E>& e)
         {
@@ -449,23 +405,33 @@ namespace xt
             return detail::flatten_argsort_impl<E, result_type>(e);
         }
 
-        if (ax != detail::leading_axis(de))
+        const auto argsort = [](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto /*ev_end*/)
         {
-            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
-            std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(de.dimension(), ax, de.layout());
+            std::iota(res_begin, res_end, 0);
+            std::sort(
+                res_begin,
+                res_end,
+                [&ev_begin](auto const& i, auto const& j)
+                {
+                    return *(ev_begin + i) < *(ev_begin + j);
+                }
+            );
+        };
 
-            eval_type ev = transpose(de, permutation);
-            result_type res = result_type::from_shape(ev.shape());
-            detail::argsort_over_leading_axis(ev, res);
-            res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
-            return res;
-        }
-        else
+        if (ax == detail::leading_axis(de))
         {
             result_type res = result_type::from_shape(de.shape());
-            detail::argsort_over_leading_axis(de, res);
+            detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, de, argsort);
             return res;
         }
+
+        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
+        std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(de.dimension(), ax, de.layout());
+        eval_type ev = transpose(de, permutation);
+        result_type res = result_type::from_shape(ev.shape());
+        detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, ev, argsort);
+        res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
+        return res;
     }
 
     /************************************************

From 13f322109729bc549238f8ffa2d86a2b01dd803e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2023 17:07:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 454/606] Refactor call_lambda_over_axis

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 88 ++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index dc5e1ce13..e3aa23ec3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -173,23 +173,30 @@ namespace xt
             return std::make_pair(std::move(permutation), std::move(reverse_permutation));
         }
 
-        template <class E, class R, class F>
-        inline auto run_lambda_over_axis(const E& e, R& res, std::size_t axis, F&& lambda)
+        template <class R, class E, class F>
+        inline R map_axis(const E& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis, F&& lambda)
         {
-            if (axis != detail::leading_axis(e))
+            if (e.dimension() == 1)
             {
-                dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
-                std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = get_permutations(e.dimension(), axis, e.layout());
-
-                res = transpose(e, permutation);
-                detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, std::forward<F>(lambda));
-                res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
+                R res = e;
+                lambda(res.begin(), res.end());
+                return res;
             }
-            else
+
+            std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+            if (ax == detail::leading_axis(e))
             {
-                res = e;
+                R res = e;
                 detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, std::forward<F>(lambda));
+                return res;
             }
+
+            dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
+            std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = get_permutations(e.dimension(), axis, e.layout());
+            R res = transpose(e, permutation);
+            detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, std::forward<F>(lambda));
+            res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
+            return res;
         }
 
         template <class VT>
@@ -269,26 +276,14 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
 
-        const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
-
-        if (de.dimension() == 1)
-        {
-            return detail::flat_sort_impl<std::decay_t<decltype(de)>, eval_type>(de);
-        }
-
-        std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
-
-        eval_type res;
-        detail::run_lambda_over_axis(
-            de,
-            res,
-            ax,
+        return detail::map_axis<eval_type>(
+            e.derived_cast(),
+            axis,
             [](auto begin, auto end)
             {
                 std::sort(begin, end);
             }
         );
-        return res;
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -551,41 +546,20 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
 
-        const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
+        std::sort(kth_container.begin(), kth_container.end());
 
-        if (de.dimension() == 1)
-        {
-            return partition<E, C, eval_type>(de, kth_container, xnone());
-        }
-
-        C kth_copy = kth_container;
-        if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
-        {
-            std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
-        }
-        const auto partition_w_kth = [&kth_copy](auto begin, auto end)
-        {
-            detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_copy.rbegin(), kth_copy.rend());
-        };
-
-        std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
-        if (ax == detail::leading_axis(de))
-        {
-            eval_type res = de;
-            detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, partition_w_kth);
-            return res;
-        }
-
-        dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
-        std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = detail::get_permutations(de.dimension(), ax, de.layout());
-        eval_type res = transpose(de, permutation);
-        detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, partition_w_kth);
-        res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
-        return res;
+        return detail::map_axis<eval_type>(
+            e.derived_cast(),
+            axis,
+            [&kth_container](auto begin, auto end)
+            {
+                detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_container.rbegin(), kth_container.rend());
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     template <class E, class T, std::size_t N>

From 7aa868e8625e214bcac2f026fd9a5552244bf8cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 16:52:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 455/606] Fix xsort calls over axis

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 80 +++++++++++++++------------------------
 test/test_xsort.cpp       |  6 ++-
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index e3aa23ec3..9e9da33d8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -46,35 +46,39 @@ namespace xt
             return stride != 0 ? stride : static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(shape);
         }
 
-        template <class E, class F>
-        inline void call_over_leading_axis(E& ev, F&& fct)
+        template <class E>
+        inline std::ptrdiff_t get_secondary_stride(const E& ev)
         {
-            std::size_t n_iters = 1;
-            std::ptrdiff_t secondary_stride;
+            if (ev.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
+            {
+                return adjust_secondary_stride(ev.strides()[ev.dimension() - 2], *(ev.shape().end() - 1));
+            }
+
+            return adjust_secondary_stride(ev.strides()[1], *(ev.shape().begin()));
+        }
 
+        template <class E>
+        inline std::size_t leading_axis_n_iters(const E& ev)
+        {
             if (ev.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
             {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
+                return std::accumulate(
                     ev.shape().begin(),
                     ev.shape().end() - 1,
                     std::size_t(1),
                     std::multiplies<>()
                 );
-                secondary_stride = adjust_secondary_stride(
-                    ev.strides()[ev.dimension() - 2],
-                    *(ev.shape().end() - 1)
-                );
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
-                    ev.shape().begin() + 1,
-                    ev.shape().end(),
-                    std::size_t(1),
-                    std::multiplies<>()
-                );
-                secondary_stride = adjust_secondary_stride(ev.strides()[1], *(ev.shape().begin()));
             }
+            return std::accumulate(ev.shape().begin() + 1, ev.shape().end(), std::size_t(1), std::multiplies<>());
+        }
+
+        template <class E, class F>
+        inline void call_over_leading_axis(E& ev, F&& fct)
+        {
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(ev.dimension() >= 2);
+
+            const std::size_t n_iters = leading_axis_n_iters(ev);
+            const std::ptrdiff_t secondary_stride = get_secondary_stride(ev);
 
             const auto begin = ev.data();
             const auto end = begin + n_iters * secondary_stride;
@@ -87,37 +91,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E1, class E2, class F>
         inline void call_over_leading_axis(E1& e1, E2& e2, F&& fct)
         {
-            std::size_t n_iters = 1;
-            std::ptrdiff_t secondary_stride1, secondary_stride2;
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(e1.dimension() >= 2);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(e1.dimension() == e2.dimension());
 
-            if (e1.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
-            {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
-                    e1.shape().begin(),
-                    e1.shape().end() - 1,
-                    std::size_t(1),
-                    std::multiplies<>()
-                );
-                secondary_stride1 = adjust_secondary_stride(
-                    e1.strides()[e1.dimension() - 2],
-                    *(e1.shape().end() - 1)
-                );
-                secondary_stride2 = adjust_secondary_stride(
-                    e2.strides()[e2.dimension() - 2],
-                    *(e2.shape().end() - 2)
-                );
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                n_iters = std::accumulate(
-                    e1.shape().begin() + 1,
-                    e1.shape().end(),
-                    std::size_t(1),
-                    std::multiplies<>()
-                );
-                secondary_stride1 = adjust_secondary_stride(e1.strides()[1], *(e1.shape().begin()));
-                secondary_stride2 = adjust_secondary_stride(e2.strides()[1], *(e2.shape().begin()));
-            }
+            const std::size_t n_iters = leading_axis_n_iters(e1);
+            std::ptrdiff_t const secondary_stride1 = get_secondary_stride(e1);
+            std::ptrdiff_t const secondary_stride2 = get_secondary_stride(e2);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(secondary_stride1 == secondary_stride2);
 
             const auto begin1 = e1.data();
             const auto end1 = begin1 + n_iters * secondary_stride1;
@@ -192,7 +172,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             dynamic_shape<std::size_t> permutation, reverse_permutation;
-            std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = get_permutations(e.dimension(), axis, e.layout());
+            std::tie(permutation, reverse_permutation) = get_permutations(e.dimension(), ax, e.layout());
             R res = transpose(e, permutation);
             detail::call_over_leading_axis(res, std::forward<F>(lambda));
             res = transpose(res, reverse_permutation);
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index 74687279a..8082424a5 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -426,15 +426,16 @@ namespace xt
 
         SUBCASE("complex")
         {
-            xt::xarray<double> a = {
+            const xt::xarray<double> data = {
                 1014., 1017., 1019., 1020., 1023., 1026., 1026., 1028., 1030., 1032., 1039., 1047., 1071.,
                 927.,  932.,  935.,  943.,  944.,  944.,  945.,  948.,  952.,  962.,  968.,  968.,  969.,
                 969.,  974.,  981.,  993.,  994.,  994.,  1003., 1007., 1008., 1008., 1012., 1013., 1014.,
                 1080., 1085., 1088., 1111., 1112., 1117., 1119., 1128., 1130., 1209., 1309., 1426.};
-            xt::xtensor_fixed<std::size_t, xt::xshape<4>> kth = {17, 32, 18, 33};
+            const xt::xtensor_fixed<std::size_t, xt::xshape<4>> kth = {17, 32, 18, 33};
 
             SUBCASE("1D")
             {
+                const auto& a = data;
                 const auto argpart = xt::argpartition(a, kth);
                 for (std::size_t k : kth)
                 {
@@ -445,6 +446,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             SUBCASE("2D")
             {
+                auto a = data;
                 a.reshape({1, a.size()});
                 const auto argpart = xt::argpartition(a, kth, 1);
                 for (std::size_t k : kth)

From 7cd2d4a09daac7b9edbf90273e302749f42edbcc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 17:07:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 456/606] Factorize implementation of argsort

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 63 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 9e9da33d8..85d256739 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -268,6 +268,49 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
+        template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt, class Compare>
+        inline void argsort_iter(
+            ConstRandomIt data_begin,
+            ConstRandomIt data_end,
+            RandomIt idx_begin,
+            [[maybe_unused]] RandomIt idx_end,
+            Compare comp
+        )
+        {
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(data_begin, data_end) >= 0);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(idx_begin, idx_end) == std::distance(data_begin, data_end));
+
+            std::iota(idx_begin, idx_end, 0);
+            std::sort(
+                idx_begin,
+                idx_end,
+                [&](const auto i, const auto j)
+                {
+                    return comp(*(data_begin + i), *(data_begin + j));
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt>
+        inline void argsort_iter(
+            ConstRandomIt data_begin,
+            ConstRandomIt data_end,
+            RandomIt idx_begin,
+            [[maybe_unused]] RandomIt idx_end
+        )
+        {
+            return argsort_iter(
+                std::move(data_begin),
+                std::move(data_end),
+                std::move(idx_begin),
+                std::move(idx_end),
+                [](const auto& x, const auto& y) -> bool
+                {
+                    return x < y;
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
         template <class VT, class T>
         struct rebind_value_type
         {
@@ -336,12 +379,8 @@ namespace xt
             using result_type = R;
             result_type result;
             result.resize({de.size()});
-            auto comp = [&ad](std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
-            {
-                return ad[x] < ad[y];
-            };
-            std::iota(result.begin(), result.end(), 0);
-            std::sort(result.begin(), result.end(), comp);
+
+            detail::argsort_iter(de.cbegin(), de.cend(), result.begin(), result.end());
 
             return result;
         }
@@ -380,17 +419,9 @@ namespace xt
             return detail::flatten_argsort_impl<E, result_type>(e);
         }
 
-        const auto argsort = [](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto /*ev_end*/)
+        const auto argsort = [](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto ev_end)
         {
-            std::iota(res_begin, res_end, 0);
-            std::sort(
-                res_begin,
-                res_end,
-                [&ev_begin](auto const& i, auto const& j)
-                {
-                    return *(ev_begin + i) < *(ev_begin + j);
-                }
-            );
+            detail::argsort_iter(ev_begin, ev_end, res_begin, res_end);
         };
 
         if (ax == detail::leading_axis(de))

From 36f146e8eec2d1fea867a61ffddb2802bca1e5b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 10:21:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 457/606] Fix iterator and C++17 issues

Co-authored-by:JohanMabille
---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 22 +++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 85d256739..9b890ed33 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             const auto begin = ev.data();
             const auto end = begin + n_iters * secondary_stride;
-            for (auto iter = begin; iter < end; iter += secondary_stride)
+            for (auto iter = begin; iter != end; iter += secondary_stride)
             {
                 fct(iter, iter + secondary_stride);
             }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace xt
             const auto end2 = begin2 + n_iters * secondary_stride2;
             auto iter1 = begin1;
             auto iter2 = begin2;
-            for (; (iter1 < end1) && (iter2 < end2); iter1 += secondary_stride1, iter2 += secondary_stride2)
+            for (; (iter1 != end1) && (iter2 != end2); iter1 += secondary_stride1, iter2 += secondary_stride2)
             {
                 fct(iter1, iter1 + secondary_stride1, iter2, iter2 + secondary_stride2);
             }
@@ -269,16 +269,12 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt, class Compare>
-        inline void argsort_iter(
-            ConstRandomIt data_begin,
-            ConstRandomIt data_end,
-            RandomIt idx_begin,
-            [[maybe_unused]] RandomIt idx_end,
-            Compare comp
-        )
+        inline void
+        argsort_iter(ConstRandomIt data_begin, ConstRandomIt data_end, RandomIt idx_begin, RandomIt idx_end, Compare comp)
         {
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(data_begin, data_end) >= 0);
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(idx_begin, idx_end) == std::distance(data_begin, data_end));
+            (void) idx_end;  // TODO(C++17) [[maybe_unused]] only used in assertion.
 
             std::iota(idx_begin, idx_end, 0);
             std::sort(
@@ -292,12 +288,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt>
-        inline void argsort_iter(
-            ConstRandomIt data_begin,
-            ConstRandomIt data_end,
-            RandomIt idx_begin,
-            [[maybe_unused]] RandomIt idx_end
-        )
+        inline void
+        argsort_iter(ConstRandomIt data_begin, ConstRandomIt data_end, RandomIt idx_begin, RandomIt idx_end)
         {
             return argsort_iter(
                 std::move(data_begin),

From 2982403110f3cb1750aceac22321485cbb146c8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 10:54:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 458/606] Use universal reference for partition container

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 55 ++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 9b890ed33..501f0cc8e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -480,6 +480,14 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             );
         }
+
+        template <class C>
+        inline auto sorted(C&& container)
+        {
+            auto container_copy = std::forward<C>(container);
+            std::sort(container_copy.begin(), container_copy.end());
+            return std::move(container_copy);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -514,20 +522,16 @@ namespace xt
         class C,
         class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>,
         class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph /*ax*/)
+    inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph /*ax*/)
     {
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
 
         R ev = R::from_shape({de.size()});
-        C kth_copy = kth_container;
-        if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
-        {
-            std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
-        }
+        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
 
         std::copy(de.linear_cbegin(), de.linear_cend(), ev.linear_begin());  // flatten
 
-        detail::partition_iter(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_end(), kth_copy.rbegin(), kth_copy.rend());
+        detail::partition_iter(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_end(), kth_sorted.rbegin(), kth_sorted.rend());
 
         return ev;
     }
@@ -549,18 +553,18 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
 
-        std::sort(kth_container.begin(), kth_container.end());
+        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
 
         return detail::map_axis<eval_type>(
             e.derived_cast(),
             axis,
-            [&kth_container](auto begin, auto end)
+            [&kth_sorted](auto begin, auto end)
             {
-                detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_container.rbegin(), kth_container.rend());
+                detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_sorted.rbegin(), kth_sorted.rend());
             }
         );
     }
@@ -613,7 +617,7 @@ namespace xt
         class C,
         class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type>::type,
         class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline R argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph)
+    inline R argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
         using result_type = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<eval_type>::type;
@@ -622,19 +626,15 @@ namespace xt
 
         result_type res = result_type::from_shape({de.size()});
 
-        C kth_copy = kth_container;
-        if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
-        {
-            std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
-        }
+        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
 
         std::iota(res.linear_begin(), res.linear_end(), 0);
 
         detail::partition_iter(
             res.linear_begin(),
             res.linear_end(),
-            kth_copy.rbegin(),
-            kth_copy.rend(),
+            kth_sorted.rbegin(),
+            kth_sorted.rend(),
             [&de](std::size_t a, std::size_t b)
             {
                 return de[a] < de[b];
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, const C& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
         using result_type = typename detail::argsort_result_type<eval_type>::type;
@@ -670,22 +670,19 @@ namespace xt
 
         if (de.dimension() == 1)
         {
-            return argpartition<E, C, result_type>(e, kth_container, xnone());
+            return argpartition<E, C, result_type>(e, std::forward<C>(kth_container), xnone());
         }
 
-        C kth_copy = kth_container;
-        if (kth_copy.size() > 1)
-        {
-            std::sort(kth_copy.begin(), kth_copy.end());
-        }
-        const auto argpartition_w_kth = [&kth_copy](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto /*ev_end*/)
+        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
+        const auto argpartition_w_kth =
+            [&kth_sorted](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto /*ev_end*/)
         {
             std::iota(res_begin, res_end, 0);
             detail::partition_iter(
                 res_begin,
                 res_end,
-                kth_copy.rbegin(),
-                kth_copy.rend(),
+                kth_sorted.rbegin(),
+                kth_sorted.rend(),
                 [&ev_begin](auto const& i, auto const& j)
                 {
                     return *(ev_begin + i) < *(ev_begin + j);

From b2cea0084c907038e74ad1fe6c7219db9feec9cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 14:20:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 459/606] run clang-format on xcontainer

---
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 41c40be1c..26045f6b6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -924,10 +924,15 @@ namespace xt
     inline bool xstrided_container<D>::is_contiguous() const noexcept
     {
         using str_type = typename inner_strides_type::value_type;
-        auto is_zero = [](auto i){return i == 0;};
+        auto is_zero = [](auto i)
+        {
+            return i == 0;
+        };
         // This is unsafe if the strides are all 0. Does that happen?
         if (!is_contiguous_container<storage_type>::value)
+        {
             return false;
+        }
         if (m_layout == layout_type::row_major)
         {
             auto it = std::find_if_not(m_strides.rbegin(), m_strides.rend(), is_zero);
@@ -939,7 +944,9 @@ namespace xt
             auto it = std::find_if_not(m_strides.begin(), m_strides.end(), is_zero);
             // If the array has strides of zero, it is a constant, and therefore contiguous.
             return it == m_strides.end() || *it == str_type(1);
-        } else {
+        }
+        else
+        {
             return m_strides.empty();
         }
     }

From d84724e02754f4f1fa99026858c8261b5413b816 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 14:20:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 460/606] Run clang-format on xassign & test_xassign

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 1 +
 test/test_xassign.cpp       | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 2566bde17..74e307956 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1346,6 +1346,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline void strided_loop_assigner<false>::run(E1& /*e1*/, const E2& /*e2*/, const loop_sizes_t&)
     {
     }
+
     template <>
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void strided_loop_assigner<false>::run(E1& e1, const E2& e2)
diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
index 4af38bcf1..5367a32da 100644
--- a/test/test_xassign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
+#include <iterator>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
-#include <iterator>
 
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ class my_vector
     {
         return std::make_reverse_iterator(end());
     }
+
     auto rend() const
     {
         return std::make_reverse_iterator(begin());

From 68a5a9efbae2c150c65f11437578a7002a523186 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 14:42:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 461/606] Fix for column layout default

---
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
index b8cea8571..800764258 100644
--- a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xlayout.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
@@ -55,8 +56,11 @@ namespace xt
         {
             auto data = std::vector<double>{
                 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
-            auto simple_xtensor_12 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
-            auto simple_xtensor_16 = xt::xtensor<double, 2>{
+            auto simple_xtensor_12 = xt::xtensor<double, 2, layout_type::row_major>{
+                {1, 2, 3, 4},
+                {5, 6, 7, 8},
+                {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+            auto simple_xtensor_16 = xt::xtensor<double, 2, layout_type::row_major>{
                 {1, 2, 3, 4},
                 {5, 6, 7, 8},
                 {9, 10, 11, 12},
@@ -111,8 +115,18 @@ namespace xt
 
             {
                 std::vector<double> data2{-1, -1, -1, -1};
-                auto linear_adapter = xt::adapt(data2.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{4, 1});
-                auto adapter_cont2 = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{1, 4});
+                auto linear_adapter = xt::adapt<layout_type::row_major>(
+                    data2.data(),
+                    4,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{4, 1}
+                );
+                auto adapter_cont2 = xt::adapt<layout_type::row_major>(
+                    data.data(),
+                    4,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{1, 4}
+                );
                 EXPECT_TRUE(linear_adapter.is_contiguous());
                 EXPECT_TRUE(adapter_cont2.is_contiguous());
                 bool success_one = check_linear_assign(linear_adapter, xt::transpose(adapter_cont2));
@@ -154,7 +168,12 @@ namespace xt
 
             {
                 std::vector<double> data2{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};
-                auto linear_adapter2 = xt::adapt(data2.data(), 6, xt::no_ownership(), std::vector<size_t>{3, 2});
+                auto linear_adapter2 = xt::adapt<layout_type::row_major>(
+                    data2.data(),
+                    6,
+                    xt::no_ownership(),
+                    std::vector<size_t>{3, 2}
+                );
                 auto strided_adapter = xt::adapt(
                     data.data(),
                     6,

From 36483d68b4cfa7c0c85383bd4d7a9664eb5b235c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 14:55:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 462/606] Fix openmp version

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 23 +++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 74e307956..0eb601400 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ namespace xt
 
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
                 {
-                    res_stepper.template store_simd<simd_type>(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+                    res_stepper.template store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
                 }
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
                 {
@@ -1191,13 +1191,24 @@ namespace xt
                     ? strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::row_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape)
                     : strided_assign_detail::idx_tools<layout_type::column_major>::next_idx(idx, max_shape);
 
-                // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
                 fct_stepper.to_begin();
-                res_stepper.to_begin();
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+
+                // need to step E1 as well if not contigous assign (e.g. view)
+                if (!E1::contiguous_layout)
                 {
-                    fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
-                    res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    res_stepper.to_begin();
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                        res_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx.size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        fct_stepper.step(i + step_dim, idx[i]);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }

From 2f678c1544378004eb37bc27419c8de2ebd1f645 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 15:37:03 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 463/606] Try to fix the VS2015 test on appveyor

---
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
index 800764258..e10ba74c2 100644
--- a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ namespace xt
         auto check_strided_assign = [](auto a, auto b)
         {
             assert_compatible_shape(a, b);
+#ifndef _WIN32
             static_assert(
                 xassign_traits<decltype(a), decltype(b)>::strided_assign(),
                 "Failed to do strided assign"
             );
+#endif
             return strided_assign_detail::get_loop_sizes(a, b).can_do_strided_assign;
         };
         {

From d6c26f145204ca755e836d5f85a74a75c45e58a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AntoinePrv <AntoinePrv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2023 11:51:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 464/606] Take kth_container by value in xt::partition

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 40 ++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 501f0cc8e..fe2053fd7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -480,14 +480,6 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             );
         }
-
-        template <class C>
-        inline auto sorted(C&& container)
-        {
-            auto container_copy = std::forward<C>(container);
-            std::sort(container_copy.begin(), container_copy.end());
-            return std::move(container_copy);
-        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -522,16 +514,16 @@ namespace xt
         class C,
         class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>,
         class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph /*ax*/)
+    inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, placeholders::xtuph /*ax*/)
     {
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
 
         R ev = R::from_shape({de.size()});
-        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
+        std::sort(kth_container.begin(), kth_container.end());
 
         std::copy(de.linear_cbegin(), de.linear_cend(), ev.linear_begin());  // flatten
 
-        detail::partition_iter(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_end(), kth_sorted.rbegin(), kth_sorted.rend());
+        detail::partition_iter(ev.linear_begin(), ev.linear_end(), kth_container.rbegin(), kth_container.rend());
 
         return ev;
     }
@@ -553,18 +545,18 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
 
-        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
+        std::sort(kth_container.begin(), kth_container.end());
 
         return detail::map_axis<eval_type>(
             e.derived_cast(),
             axis,
-            [&kth_sorted](auto begin, auto end)
+            [&kth_container](auto begin, auto end)
             {
-                detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_sorted.rbegin(), kth_sorted.rend());
+                detail::partition_iter(begin, end, kth_container.rbegin(), kth_container.rend());
             }
         );
     }
@@ -617,7 +609,7 @@ namespace xt
         class C,
         class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type>::type,
         class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline R argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, placeholders::xtuph)
+    inline R argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, placeholders::xtuph)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
         using result_type = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<eval_type>::type;
@@ -626,15 +618,15 @@ namespace xt
 
         result_type res = result_type::from_shape({de.size()});
 
-        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
+        std::sort(kth_container.begin(), kth_container.end());
 
         std::iota(res.linear_begin(), res.linear_end(), 0);
 
         detail::partition_iter(
             res.linear_begin(),
             res.linear_end(),
-            kth_sorted.rbegin(),
-            kth_sorted.rend(),
+            kth_container.rbegin(),
+            kth_container.rend(),
             [&de](std::size_t a, std::size_t b)
             {
                 return de[a] < de[b];
@@ -661,7 +653,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
-    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C&& kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
         using result_type = typename detail::argsort_result_type<eval_type>::type;
@@ -673,16 +665,16 @@ namespace xt
             return argpartition<E, C, result_type>(e, std::forward<C>(kth_container), xnone());
         }
 
-        auto kth_sorted = detail::sorted(std::forward<C>(kth_container));
+        std::sort(kth_container.begin(), kth_container.end());
         const auto argpartition_w_kth =
-            [&kth_sorted](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto /*ev_end*/)
+            [&kth_container](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto /*ev_end*/)
         {
             std::iota(res_begin, res_end, 0);
             detail::partition_iter(
                 res_begin,
                 res_end,
-                kth_sorted.rbegin(),
-                kth_sorted.rend(),
+                kth_container.rbegin(),
+                kth_container.rend(),
                 [&ev_begin](auto const& i, auto const& j)
                 {
                     return *(ev_begin + i) < *(ev_begin + j);

From d19e5082dad469f69b98895e0c5271cebd292904 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 15:05:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 465/606] Improving documentation `xstrides`

---
 docs/source/api/shape.rst    | 13 +++++++
 docs/source/api/xstrides.rst | 12 ++++---
 docs/source/index.rst        |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 4 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/shape.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/shape.rst b/docs/source/api/shape.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a35434ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/shape.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+Shape/index manipulation
+========================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   xshape
+   xstrides
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
index acbe4c451..e3143e8ca 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 
    The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
 
-xshape
-======
+xstrides
+========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xstride.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/xstrides.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: auto strides(const E& e, xt::stride_type type)
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: auto strides(const E& e, S axis, xt::stride_type type)
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xstrides
+
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 63f164196..895f6e8ed 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ for details.
    api/function_index
    api/io_index
    api/xmath
-   api/xshape
+   api/shape
 
 .. toctree::
    :caption: DEVELOPER ZONE
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index ae261e354..d3df268af 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class shape_type>
     std::size_t compute_size(const shape_type& shape) noexcept;
 
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xstrides Support functions swich between array indices and flat indices
+     */
+
     /***************
      * data offset *
      ***************/
@@ -35,6 +39,29 @@ namespace xt
     template <class offset_type, class S>
     offset_type data_offset(const S& strides) noexcept;
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the flat index for an array index.
+     *
+     * Given ``m`` arguments, and dimension ``n``of the array (``n == strides.size()``).
+     *
+     *  -   If ``m == n``, the index is
+     *      ``strides[0] * index[0] + ... + strides[n - 1] * index[n - 1]``.
+     *
+     *  -   If ``m < n`` and the last argument is ``xt::missing`` the indices are zero-padded at
+     *      the end to match the dimension of the array. The index is then
+     *      ``strides[0] * index[0] + ... + strides[m - 1] * index[m - 1]``.
+     *
+     *  -   If ``m < n`` (and the last argument is not ``xt::missing``), the index is
+     *      ``strides[n - m - 1] * index[0] + ... + strides[n - 1] * index[m - 1]``.
+     *
+     *  -   If ``m > n``, then the first ``m - n`` arguments are ignored. The index is then
+     *      ``strides[0] * index[m - n] + ... + strides[n - 1] * index[m - 1]``.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xstrides
+     * @param strides Strides of the array.
+     * @param args Array index.
+     * @return The flat index.
+     */
     template <class offset_type, class S, class Arg, class... Args>
     offset_type data_offset(const S& strides, Arg arg, Args... args) noexcept;
 
@@ -48,6 +75,15 @@ namespace xt
      * strides builder *
      *******************/
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Compute the strides given the shape and the layout of an array.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xstrides
+     * @param shape Shape of the array.
+     * @param l Layout type, see xt::layout_type().
+     * @param strides (output) Strides of the array.
+     * @return The size: the product of the shape.
+     */
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::dynamic, class shape_type, class strides_type>
     std::size_t compute_strides(const shape_type& shape, layout_type l, strides_type& strides);
 
@@ -100,6 +136,14 @@ namespace xt
      * check bounds, without throwing *
      **********************************/
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if the index is within the bounds of the array.
+     *
+     * @param shape Shape of the array.
+     * @param args Array index.
+     * @return true If the index is within the bounds of the array.
+     * @return false Otherwise.
+     */
     template <class S, class... Args>
     bool in_bounds(const S& shape, Args&... args);
 
@@ -107,6 +151,14 @@ namespace xt
      * apply periodicity to indices *
      *******************************/
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Normalise an index of a periodic array.
+     * For example if the shape is ``(3, 4)`` and the index is ``(3, -4)`` the result is ``(0, 0)``.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xstrides
+     * @param shape Shape of the array.
+     * @param args (input/output) Array index.
+     */
     template <class S, class... Args>
     void normalize_periodic(const S& shape, Args&... args);
 
@@ -175,10 +227,8 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @ingroup strides
-     * @brief strides_type
-     *
-     * Choose stride type
+     * @brief Choose stride type
+     * @ingroup xt_xstrides
      */
     enum class stride_type
     {
@@ -188,10 +238,9 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     /**
-     * @ingroup strides
-     * @brief strides
+     * @brief Get strides of an object.
      *
-     * Get strides of an object.
+     * @ingroup xt_xstrides
      * @param a an array
      * @return array
      */
@@ -233,10 +282,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * @ingroup strides
-     * @brief strides
+     * @brief Get stride of an object along an axis.
      *
-     * Get stride of an object along an axis.
+     * @ingroup xt_xstrides
      * @param a an array
      * @return integer
      */

From 3bf9d1b688c8665cf543b8f48bb8a6b828df12d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ewoud <wempe@astro.rug.nl>
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 16:24:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 466/606] Remove no longer relevant comment and refactor a few
 lines

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp    | 13 +++++--------
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 0eb601400..9461320a8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -470,16 +470,13 @@ namespace xt
                 linear_assigner<false>::run(de1, de2);
             }
         }
+        else if (simd_strided_assign)
+        {
+            strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
+        }
         else
         {
-            if (simd_strided_assign)
-            {
-                strided_loop_assigner<simd_strided_assign>::run(de1, de2);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>(de1, de2).run();
-            }
+            stepper_assigner<E1, E2, default_assignable_layout(E1::static_layout)>(de1, de2).run();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 26045f6b6..d4621672d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -928,11 +928,12 @@ namespace xt
         {
             return i == 0;
         };
-        // This is unsafe if the strides are all 0. Does that happen?
         if (!is_contiguous_container<storage_type>::value)
         {
             return false;
         }
+        // We need to make sure the inner-most non-zero stride is one.
+        // Trailing zero strides are ignored because they indicate bradcasted dimensions.
         if (m_layout == layout_type::row_major)
         {
             auto it = std::find_if_not(m_strides.rbegin(), m_strides.rend(), is_zero);

From 087b977d42140ad0ac5e0feec9c42d71336e1a87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 15:58:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 467/606] Adding aliases `xt::xtensor_pointer` and
 `xt::xarray_pointer`

---
 docs/source/api/container_index.rst |   1 +
 docs/source/api/xadapt.rst          |  16 ++++
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp          | 128 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 test/test_xadapt.cpp                |  38 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 176 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/xadapt.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
index a2e948060..bb3e2d724 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ xexpression API is actually implemented in ``xstrided_container`` and ``xcontain
    xtensor
    xtensor_adaptor
    xfixed
+   xadapt
    xoptional_assembly_base
    xoptional_assembly
    xoptional_assembly_adaptor
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xadapt.rst b/docs/source/api/xadapt.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..761b7f5ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/xadapt.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+xadapt
+======
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
+
+.. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
+
+.. doxygengroup:: xt_xadapt
+
+.. cpp:namespace-pop::
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index 1e22b4708..47ddc5b12 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup xt_xadapt Adaptors of STL-like containers
+     */
+
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class>
@@ -66,6 +70,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xarray_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
@@ -85,6 +91,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Constructs an non-owning xarray_adaptor from a pointer with the specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the container to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
@@ -106,6 +114,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xarray_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_adaptor
@@ -130,6 +140,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xarray_adaptor of the given dynamically allocated C array,
      * with the specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -165,6 +177,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xarray_adaptor of the given dynamically allocated C array,
      * with the specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -196,8 +210,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Contructs an xarray_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
+     * Constructs an xarray_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
      * specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
@@ -214,8 +230,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Contructs an xarray_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
+     * Constructs an xarray_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
      * specified shape and stirdes.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_adaptor
@@ -238,6 +256,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified layout_type.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container to adapt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
      */
@@ -252,6 +272,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified shape and layout_type.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
@@ -272,6 +294,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Constructs an non-owning xtensor_adaptor from a pointer with the specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
@@ -293,6 +317,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xtensor_adaptor
@@ -318,6 +344,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given dynamically allocated C array,
      * with the specified layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -340,6 +368,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given dynamically allocated C array,
      * with the specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -377,6 +407,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given dynamically allocated C array,
      * with the specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -409,8 +441,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Contructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
+     * Constructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
      * specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the xarray_adaptor
@@ -427,8 +461,10 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Contructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
-     * specified shape and stirdes.
+     * Constructs an xtensor_adaptor of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
+     * specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
      * @param shape the shape of the xarray_adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the xarray_adaptor
@@ -447,6 +483,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an non-owning xtensor_fixed_adaptor from a pointer with the
      * specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_fixed_adaptor
      */
@@ -478,6 +516,8 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * from the given stl-like container or pointer, with the specified shape and layout.
      * If the adaptor is built from a pointer, it does not take its ownership.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container or pointer to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the adaptor
@@ -491,6 +531,8 @@ namespace xt
      * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
      *
      * from the given stl-like container with the specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the adaptor
@@ -504,6 +546,8 @@ namespace xt
      * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
      *
      * of the given dynamically allocated C array, with the specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -528,6 +572,8 @@ namespace xt
      * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
      *
      * of the given dynamically allocated C array, with the specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -541,11 +587,13 @@ namespace xt
     adapt(P&& pointer, typename A::size_type size, O ownership, SC&& shape, SS&& strides, const A& alloc = A());
 
     /**
-     * Contructs:
+     * Constructs:
      * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
      * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
      *
      * of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
      * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
      * @param l the layout_type of the adaptor
@@ -554,12 +602,14 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto adapt(T (&c_array)[N], const SC& shape, layout_type l = L);
 
     /**
-     * Contructs:
+     * Constructs:
      * - an xarray_adaptor if SC is not an array type
      * - an xtensor_adaptor if SC is an array type
      *
      * of the given C array allocated on the stack, with the
      * specified shape and strides.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param c_array the C array allocated on the stack
      * @param shape the shape of the adaptor
      * @param strides the strides of the adaptor
@@ -570,6 +620,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs an non-owning xtensor_fixed_adaptor from a pointer with the
      * specified shape and layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to adapt
      * @param shape the shape of the xtensor_fixed_adaptor
      */
@@ -579,6 +631,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given stl-like container,
      * with the specified layout_type.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param container the container to adapt
      * @param l the layout_type of the xtensor_adaptor
      */
@@ -588,6 +642,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Constructs a 1-D xtensor_adaptor of the given dynamically allocated C array,
      * with the specified layout.
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param pointer the pointer to the beginning of the dynamic array
      * @param size the size of the dynamic array
      * @param ownership indicates whether the adaptor takes ownership of the array.
@@ -620,6 +676,7 @@ namespace xt
      * std::cout << xptr;
      * \endcode
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param smart_ptr a smart pointer to a memory block of T[]
      * @param shape The desired shape
      * @param l The desired memory layout
@@ -678,6 +735,7 @@ namespace xt
      * }
      * \endcode
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param data_ptr A pointer to a typed data block (e.g. double*)
      * @param shape The desired shape
      * @param smart_ptr A smart pointer to move or copy, in order to manage memory
@@ -716,6 +774,7 @@ namespace xt
      * std::cout << xptr;
      * \endcode
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param smart_ptr a smart pointer to a memory block of T[]
      * @param shape The desired shape
      * @param l The desired memory layout
@@ -775,6 +834,7 @@ namespace xt
      * }
      * \endcode
      *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param data_ptr A pointer to a typed data block (e.g. double*)
      * @param shape The desired shape
      * @param smart_ptr A smart pointer to move or copy, in order to manage memory
@@ -802,6 +862,60 @@ namespace xt
             l
         );
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief xtensor adaptor for a pointer.
+     *
+     * Construct for example with:
+     *
+     * \code{.cpp}
+     * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+     *
+     * std::array<size_t, 2> shape = {2, 2};
+     * std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+     *
+     * xt::xtensor_pointer<double, 2> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), shape);
+     * \endcode
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
+     * @tparam T The data type (e.g. ``double``).
+     * @tparam N The number of dimensions.
+     * @tparam L The xt::layout_type() of the xtensor.
+     */
+    template <class T, std::size_t N, layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>
+    using xtensor_pointer = xtensor_adaptor<
+        xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<T*>, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<T>>,
+        N,
+        L>;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief xarray adaptor for a pointer.
+     *
+     * Construct for example with:
+     *
+     * \code{.cpp}
+     * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+     *
+     * std::vector<int> data(4, 0);
+     * xt::svector<size_t> shape({2, 2});
+     *
+     * xt::xarray_pointer<int> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), data.size(), xt::no_ownership(), shape);
+     * \endcode
+     *
+     * @ingroup xt_xadapt
+     * @tparam T The data type (e.g. ``double``).
+     * @tparam L The xt::layout_type() of the xarray.
+     * @tparam SC The shape container type (e.g. ``xt::svector<size_t>``). Default matches
+     *      xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, const SC&, layout_type, const A& alloc)
+     */
+    template <
+        class T,
+        layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
+        class SC = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_SHAPE_CONTAINER(T, std::allocator<std::size_t>, std::allocator<std::size_t>)>
+    using xarray_pointer = xarray_adaptor<
+        xbuffer_adaptor<xtl::closure_type_t<T*>, xt::no_ownership, detail::default_allocator_for_ptr_t<T>>,
+        L,
+        SC>;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 7c965b375..7947e6df3 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,44 @@ namespace xt
 {
     using vec_type = std::vector<int>;
 
+    TEST(xarray_adaptor, xarray_pointer)
+    {
+        std::vector<int> data(4, 0);
+        using shape_type = xt::svector<std::size_t>;
+        shape_type shape({2, 2});
+
+        xt::xarray_pointer<int> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), data.size(), xt::no_ownership(), shape);
+
+        a(0, 0) = 0;
+        a(0, 1) = 1;
+        a(1, 0) = 2;
+        a(1, 1) = 3;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(1, data[1]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(2, data[2]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xtensor_adaptor, xtensor_pointer)
+    {
+        std::vector<int> data(4, 0);
+        using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
+        shape_type shape({2, 2});
+
+        xt::xtensor_pointer<int, 2> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), data.size(), xt::no_ownership(), shape);
+
+        a(0, 0) = 0;
+        a(0, 1) = 1;
+        a(1, 0) = 2;
+        a(1, 1) = 3;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(1, data[1]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(2, data[2]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+    }
+
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, adapt)
     {
         vec_type v(4, 0);

From 0e74776bdca61421691c2059cd63f9300a99ca40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2023 09:08:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 468/606] fixing tests

---
 test/test_xadapt.cpp | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 7947e6df3..69a140db0 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, xarray_pointer)
     {
         std::vector<int> data(4, 0);
-        using shape_type = xt::svector<std::size_t>;
-        shape_type shape({2, 2});
-
+        xt::svector<std::size_t> shape = {2, 2};
         xt::xarray_pointer<int> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), data.size(), xt::no_ownership(), shape);
 
         a(0, 0) = 0;
@@ -29,18 +27,26 @@ namespace xt
         a(1, 0) = 2;
         a(1, 1) = 3;
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
-        EXPECT_EQ(1, data[1]);
-        EXPECT_EQ(2, data[2]);
-        EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+        if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == xt::layout_type::row_major)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1, data[1]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(2, data[2]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(2, data[1]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1, data[2]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+        }
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, xtensor_pointer)
     {
         std::vector<int> data(4, 0);
-        using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
-        shape_type shape({2, 2});
-
+        std::array<std::size_t, 2> shape = {2, 2};
         xt::xtensor_pointer<int, 2> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), data.size(), xt::no_ownership(), shape);
 
         a(0, 0) = 0;
@@ -48,10 +54,20 @@ namespace xt
         a(1, 0) = 2;
         a(1, 1) = 3;
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
-        EXPECT_EQ(1, data[1]);
-        EXPECT_EQ(2, data[2]);
-        EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+        if (XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT == xt::layout_type::row_major)
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1, data[1]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(2, data[2]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, data[0]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(2, data[1]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1, data[2]);
+            EXPECT_EQ(3, data[3]);
+        }
     }
 
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, adapt)

From 60d28eb7cf72ddb254ac71552696ca813a362a26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 16:04:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 469/606] pre-commit autoupdate (& fixing typo)

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 187726f71..a0e9260c5 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ repos:
   - id: pretty-format-json
     args: [--autofix, --top-keys=version]
   - id: check-yaml
-    type: [file]
+    types: [file]
     files: \.(yaml|yml|clang-format)
   - id: detect-private-key
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ repos:
   - id: remove-tabs
     args: [--whitespaces-count, '4']
 - repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v2.6.0
+  rev: v2.7.0
   hooks:
   - id: pretty-format-yaml
     args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
-    type: [file]
+    types: [file]
     files: \.(yaml|yml|clang-format)
 - repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/cpp_comment_format
   rev: v0.2.0

From 69586a427a0dd1f89d0dbc2e4640985b65f33109 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2023 10:04:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 470/606] Removing duplicates from documentation

---
 docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst | 31 ------------------------------
 1 file changed, 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
index 03dbc9661..9c40c9334 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
@@ -11,34 +11,3 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xarray.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xarray_adaptor
    :members:
-
-adapt
-=====
-
-Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, const SC&, layout_type)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, SC&&, SS&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, const SC&, layout_type, const A&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, SC&&, SS&&, const A&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], const SC&, layout_type)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(T (&)[N], SC&&, SS&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&& pointer, const fixed_shape<X...>&);
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(C&&, layout_type)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt(P&&, typename A::size_type, O, layout_type, const A&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, layout_type)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const SC&, D&&, layout_type)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], layout_type)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::adapt_smart_ptr(P&&, const I (&)[N], D&&, layout_type)

From e534928cc30eb3a4a05539747d98e1d6868c2d62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2023 10:44:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 471/606] Release 0.24.6

---
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 21 +++++++++++++++++++--
 environment.yml                    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 5d9fb882b..62fc44a45 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,11 +7,28 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
-0.25.5
+0.24.6
+------
+
+- Improving documentation xstrides
+  `# 2664 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2664`
+- Parallel and more aggressive strided assigner
+  `# 2660 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2660`
+- Removing duplicates from documentation
+  `# 2669 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2669`
+- Adding aliases xt::xtensor_pointer and xt::xarray_pointer
+  `# 2665 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2665`
+- Fix and refactor partition
+  `# 2652 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2652`
+- Fix and update pre-commit
+  `# 2657 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2657`
+
+0.24.5
 ------
 
 - Add space before pragma diagnostic
-  `# 2654 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2654` - Update xtl requirement in cmake
+  `# 2654 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2654`
+- Update xtl requirement in cmake
   `# 2649 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2649`
 - Fix a bug where .fill doesn't work for a xcontainer that is non-contiguous
   `# 2650 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2650`
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index eba3a3960..b5b559d52 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ name: xtensor
 channels:
 - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-- xtensor=0.24.5
+- xtensor=0.24.6
 - xtensor-blas=0.20.0
 - xeus-cling=0.15.0
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 6562f5405..96b3050c9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 5
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 89f6ce1f54a164000bb01225d1c2155bb85088b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern@starruss.de>
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2023 21:45:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 472/606] Adjust version of required xsimd in README

change was imposed in c29ef1900592bf779bc498dd48e1ebf5acb15a59
---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d087f2e7a..3953bd2ec 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^10.0.0      |
 |  0.24.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
 |  0.23.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |

From 807aa88e005925f27031b885038e595e2c14117a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 16:43:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 473/606] Some spelling corrections

---
 docs/source/changelog.rst                   | 14 +++++++-------
 docs/source/closure-semantics.rst           |  2 +-
 docs/source/conf.py                         |  2 +-
 docs/source/container.rst                   |  2 +-
 docs/source/developer/concepts.rst          |  4 ++--
 docs/source/expression.rst                  |  2 +-
 docs/source/file_loading.rst                |  2 +-
 docs/source/index.rst                       |  4 ++--
 docs/source/numpy-differences.rst           | 10 +++++-----
 docs/source/related.rst                     | 20 ++++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp                 |  6 +++---
 include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp          |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp              |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp                |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp                |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp              |  8 ++++----
 include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp                  |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp           |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp              |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp           |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp            |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp                    |  6 +++---
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp                |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp                 |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp                 |  2 +-
 notebooks/xtensor.ipynb                     |  2 +-
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                          |  8 ++++----
 29 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 62fc44a45..b94c3b80a 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1908 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1908>`_
 - Added ``noexcept`` in ``svector``
   `#1919 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1919>`_
-- Add implementation of repeat (similar to numpy)
+- Add implementation of repeat (similar to NumPy)
   `#1896 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1896>`_
 - Fix initialization of out shape in ``xt::tile``
   `#1923 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1923>`_
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ Other changes
   `#1676 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1676>`_
 - Added missing coma
   `#1680 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1680>`_
-- Added Numpy-like parameter in ``load_csv``
+- Added NumPy-like parameter in ``load_csv``
   `#1682 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1682>`_
 - Added ``shape()`` method to ``xshape.hpp``
   `#1592 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1592>`_
@@ -1421,17 +1421,17 @@ Other changes
   `#1109 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1109>`_.
 - Added test case for ``setdiff1d``
   `#1110 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1110>`_.
-- Added missing reference to ``diff`` in ``From numpy to xtensor`` section
+- Added missing reference to ``diff`` in ``From NumPy to xtensor`` section
   `#1116 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1116>`_.
 - Add ``amax`` and ``amin`` to the documentation
   `#1121 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1121>`_.
 - ``histogram`` and ``histogram_bin_edges`` implementation
   `#1108 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1108>`_.
-- Added numpy comparison for interp
+- Added NumPy comparison for interp
   `#1111 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1111>`_.
 - Allow multiple return type reducer functions
   `#1113 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1113>`_.
-- Fixes ``average`` bug + adds Numpy based tests
+- Fixes ``average`` bug + adds NumPy based tests
   `#1118 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1118>`_.
 - Static ``xfunction`` cache for fixed sizes
   `#1105 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/1105>`_.
@@ -2122,7 +2122,7 @@ Breaking changes
 
 - The API for ``xbuffer_adaptor`` has changed. The template parameter is the type of the buffer, not just the value type
   `#482 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/482>`_.
-- Change ``edge_items`` print option to ``edgeitems`` for better numpy consistency
+- Change ``edge_items`` print option to ``edgeitems`` for better NumPy consistency
   `#489 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/489>`_.
 - *xtensor* now depends on *xtl* version `~0.3.3`
   `#508 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/508>`_.
@@ -2159,7 +2159,7 @@ Other changes
   `#492 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/492>`_.
 - The ``size()`` method for containers now returns the total number of elements instead of the buffer size, which may differ when the smallest stride is greater than ``1``
   `#502 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/502>`_.
-- The behavior of ``linspace`` with integral types has been made consistent with numpy
+- The behavior of ``linspace`` with integral types has been made consistent with NumPy
   `#510 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/510>`_.
 
 0.12.1
diff --git a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
index ad7497da0..ad4d11504 100644
--- a/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
+++ b/docs/source/closure-semantics.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 Closure semantics
 =================
 
-The *xtensor* library is a tensor expression library implementing numpy-style broadcasting and universal functions but in a lazy fashion.
+The *xtensor* library is a tensor expression library implementing NumPy-style broadcasting and universal functions but in a lazy fashion.
 
 If ``x`` and ``y`` are two tensor expressions with compatible shapes, the result of ``x + y`` is not a tensor but an expression that does
 not hold any value. Values of ``x + y`` are computed upon access or when the result is assigned to a container such as :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` or
diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 0f75c64c2..84175cb43 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def setup(app):
     'goatcounter.js'
 ]
 
-# Automatically link to numpy doc
+# Automatically link to NumPy doc
 extensions += ['sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
 intersphinx_mapping = {
     "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None),
diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index ee6434637..f2f644353 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Runtime vs Compile-time dimensionality
 Three container classes implementing multidimensional arrays are provided: :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` and
 :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` and :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed`.
 
-- :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` can be reshaped dynamically to any number of dimensions. It is the container that is the most similar to numpy arrays.
+- :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` can be reshaped dynamically to any number of dimensions. It is the container that is the most similar to NumPy arrays.
 - :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` has a dimension set at compilation time, which enables many optimizations.
   For example, shapes and strides of :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` instances are allocated on the stack instead of the heap.
 - :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed` has a shape fixed at compile time.
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
index dd3f5ed7a..fa8809599 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ If you read the entire code of ``xcontainer``, you'll notice that two types are
 strides and backstrides: ``shape_type`` and ``inner_shape_type``, ``strides_type`` and
 ``inner_strides_type``, and ``backstrides_type`` and ``inner_backstrides_type``. The distinction
 between ``inner_shape_type`` and ``shape_type`` was motivated by the xtensor-python wrapper around
-numpy data structures, where the inner shape type is a proxy on the shape section of the numpy
-arrayobject. It cannot have a value semantics on its own as it is bound to the entire numpy array.
+NumPy data structures, where the inner shape type is a proxy on the shape section of the NumPy
+arrayobject. It cannot have a value semantics on its own as it is bound to the entire NumPy array.
 
 ``xstrided_container`` inherits from ``xcontainer``; it represents a container that holds its shape
 and strides. It provides methods for reshaping the container:
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index 71f80629c..6bbaf9b2e 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Broadcasting
 
 The number of dimensions of an :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` and the sizes of these dimensions are provided by the :cpp:func:`~xt::xexpression::shape` method, which returns a sequence of unsigned integers
 specifying the size of each dimension. We can operate on expressions of different shapes of dimensions in an elementwise fashion.
-Broadcasting rules of *xtensor* are similar to those of Numpy_ and libdynd_.
+Broadcasting rules of *xtensor* are similar to those of NumPy_ and libdynd_.
 
 In an operation involving two arrays of different dimensions, the array with the lesser dimensions is broadcast across the leading dimensions of the other.
 For example, if ``A`` has shape ``(2, 3)``, and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``, the result of a broadcast operation with ``A`` and ``B`` has shape ``(4, 2, 3)``.
diff --git a/docs/source/file_loading.rst b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
index 980754fbe..917eaa9b3 100644
--- a/docs/source/file_loading.rst
+++ b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ format.
 Please note that many more input and output formats are available in the `xtensor-io
 <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-io>`_ package.
 `xtensor-io` offers functions to load and store from image files (``jpg``, ``gif``, ``png``...),
-sound files (``wav``, ``ogg``...), HDF5 files (``h5``, ``hdf5``, ...), and compressed numpy format (``npz``).
+sound files (``wav``, ``ogg``...), HDF5 files (``h5``, ``hdf5``, ...), and compressed NumPy format (``npz``).
 
 
 Loading CSV data into xtensor
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 895f6e8ed..2aea4cb71 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ Containers of *xtensor* are inspired by `NumPy`_, the Python array programming
 library. **Adaptors** for existing data structures to be plugged into the
 expression system can easily be written.
 
-In fact, *xtensor* can be used to **process numpy data structures in-place**
-using Python's `buffer protocol`_. For more details on the numpy bindings,
+In fact, *xtensor* can be used to **process NumPy data structures in-place**
+using Python's `buffer protocol`_. For more details on the NumPy bindings,
 check out the xtensor-python_ project. Language bindings for R and Julia are
 also available.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
index f51748ef2..fe162b6ae 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ xtensor and numpy are very different libraries in their internal semantics. Whil
 is a lazy expression system, numpy manipulates in-memory containers, however, similarities in
 APIs are obvious. See e.g. the numpy to xtensor cheat sheet.
 
-And this page tracks the subtle differences of behavior between numpy and xtensor.
+And this page tracks the subtle differences of behavior between NumPy and xtensor.
 
 Zero-dimensional arrays
 -----------------------
 
-With numpy, 0-D arrays are nearly indistinguishable from scalars. This led to some issues w.r.t.
+With NumPy, 0-D arrays are nearly indistinguishable from scalars. This led to some issues w.r.t.
 universal functions returning scalars with 0-D array inputs instead of actual arrays...
 
 In xtensor, 0-D expressions are not implicitly convertible to scalar values. Values held by 0-D
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ be assigned to a container such as xarray or xtensor.
 Missing values
 --------------
 
-Support of missing values in numpy can be emulated with the masked array module,
+Support of missing values in NumPy can be emulated with the masked array module,
 which provides a means to handle arrays that have missing or invalid data.
 
 Support of missing values in xtensor is done through a notion of optional values, implemented in ``xoptional<T, B>``, which serves both as a value type for container and as a reference proxy for optimized storage types. See the section of the documentation on :doc:`missing`.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Support of missing values in xtensor is done through a notion of optional values
 Strides
 -------
 
-Strided containers of xtensor and numpy having the same exact memory layout may have different strides when accessing them through the ``strides`` attribute.
+Strided containers of xtensor and NumPy having the same exact memory layout may have different strides when accessing them through the ``strides`` attribute.
 The reason is an optimization in xtensor, which is to set the strides to ``0`` in dimensions of length ``1``, which simplifies the implementation of broadcasting of universal functions.
 
 .. tip::
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ The reason is an optimization in xtensor, which is to set the strides to ``0`` i
 
         xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::internal); // ``== a.strides()``
 
-        xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::bytes) // strides in bytes, as in numpy
+        xt::strides(a, xt::stride_type::bytes) // strides in bytes, as in NumPy
 
 
 Array indices
diff --git a/docs/source/related.rst b/docs/source/related.rst
index 89e44dc53..dba06da63 100644
--- a/docs/source/related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/related.rst
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ xtensor-python
 
 The xtensor-python_ project provides the implementation of container types
 compatible with *xtensor*'s expression system, ``pyarray`` and ``pytensor``
-which effectively wrap numpy arrays, allowing operating on numpy arrays
+which effectively wrap NumPy arrays, allowing operating on NumPy arrays
 in-place.
 
-Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a numpy array in-place
+Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a NumPy array in-place
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 **C++ code**
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a numpy array in-place
     #include <numeric>                        // Standard library import for std::accumulate
     #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>            // Pybind11 import to define Python bindings
     #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>              // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
-    #define FORCE_IMPORT_ARRAY                // numpy C api loading
-    #include <xtensor-python/pyarray.hpp>     // Numpy bindings
+    #define FORCE_IMPORT_ARRAY                // NumPy C api loading
+    #include <xtensor-python/pyarray.hpp>     // NumPy bindings
 
     double sum_of_sines(xt::pyarray<double> &m)
     {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ It takes care of the initial work of generating a project skeleton with
 A few examples included in the resulting project including
 
 - A universal function defined from C++
-- A function making use of an algorithm from the STL on a numpy array
+- A function making use of an algorithm from the STL on a NumPy array
 - Unit tests
 - The generation of the HTML documentation with sphinx
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library with a Julia array
 
    1.2853996391883833
 
-Example 2: Create a numpy-style universal function from a C++ scalar function
+Example 2: Create a NumPy-style universal function from a C++ scalar function
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 **C++ code**
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ It takes care of the initial work of generating a project skeleton with
 
 A few examples included in the resulting project including
 
-- A numpy-style universal function defined from C++
-- A function making use of an algorithm from the STL on a numpy array
+- A NumPy-style universal function defined from C++
+- A function making use of an algorithm from the STL on a NumPy array
 - Unit tests
 - The generation of the HTML documentation with sphinx
 
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ xtensor-blas
 The xtensor-blas_ project is an extension to the xtensor library, offering
 bindings to BLAS and LAPACK libraries through cxxblas and cxxlapack from the
 FLENS project. ``xtensor-blas`` powers the ``xt::linalg`` functionalities,
-which are the counterpart to numpy's ``linalg`` module.
+which are the counterpart to NumPy's ``linalg`` module.
 
 xtensor-fftw
 ------------
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ xtensor-fftw
 
 The xtensor-fftw_ project is an extension to the xtensor library, offering
 bindings to the fftw library.  ``xtensor-fftw`` powers the ``xt::fftw``
-functionalities, which are the counterpart to numpy's ``fft`` module.
+functionalities, which are the counterpart to NumPy's ``fft`` module.
 
 Example 1: Calculate a derivative in Fourier space
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index 9461320a8..d30dd6dc9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -324,10 +324,10 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         /**
-         * Considering the assigment LHS = RHS, if the requested value type used for
+         * Considering the assignment LHS = RHS, if the requested value type used for
          * loading simd from RHS is not complex while LHS value_type is complex,
          * the assignment fails. The reason is that SIMD batches of complex values cannot
-         * be implicitly instanciated from batches of scalar values.
+         * be implicitly instantiated from batches of scalar values.
          * Making the constructor implicit does not fix the issue since in the end,
          * the assignment is done with vec.store(buffer) where vec is a batch of scalars
          * and buffer an array of complex. SIMD batches of scalars do not provide overloads
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto fct_stepper = e2.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
         auto res_stepper = e1.stepper_begin(e1.shape());
 
-        // TODO in 1D case this is ambigous -- could be RM or CM.
+        // TODO in 1D case this is ambiguous -- could be RM or CM.
         //      Use default layout to make decision
         std::size_t step_dim = 0;
         if (!is_row_major)  // row major case
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
index fab3aa148..953206aaf 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns an iterator to the element following the last element of
      * the expression for the specified axis
      *
-     * @param e the expession to iterate over
+     * @param e the expression to iterate over
      * @param axis the axis to iterate over
      * @return an instance of xaxis_iterator
      */
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
index 1f56adb75..8a9814df6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns an iterator to the element following the last element of
      * the expression for the specified axis
      *
-     * @param e the expession to iterate over
+     * @param e the expression to iterate over
      * @param axis the axis to iterate over
      * @return an instance of xaxis_slice_iterator
      */
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
index 9aa71a472..c847970ad 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 596bfe804..2302bbb96 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * @brief Stack xexpressions in sequence horizontally (column wise).
      * This is equivalent to concatenation along the second axis, except for 1-D
-     * xexpressions where it concatenate along the firts axis.
+     * xexpressions where it concatenate along the first axis.
      *
      * @param t \ref xtuple of xexpressions to stack
      * @return xgenerator evaluating to stacked elements
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto shape = arr.shape();
         auto dimension = arr.dimension();
 
-        // The following shape calculation code is an almost verbatim adaptation of numpy:
+        // The following shape calculation code is an almost verbatim adaptation of NumPy:
         // https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/2aabeafb97bea4e1bfa29d946fbf31e1104e7ae0/numpy/core/src/multiarray/item_selection.c#L1799
         auto ret_shape = xtl::make_sequence<shape_type>(dimension - 1, 0);
         int dim_1 = static_cast<int>(shape[axis_1]);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
index 1e9074e23..530534d0a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Calculates the phase angle elementwise for the complex numbers in @p e.
      *
-     * Note that this function might be slightly less perfomant than xt::arg.
+     * Note that this function might be slightly less performant than xt::arg.
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xcomplex
      * @param e the xt::xexpression
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 54f62d2e9..9e0943a82 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position in the containter
+     * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position in the container
      * storage (as if it was one dimensional).
      * @param i index specifying the position in the storage.
      * Must be smaller than the number of elements in the container.
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position in the containter
+     * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position in the container
      * storage (as if it was one dimensional).
      * @param i index specifying the position in the storage.
      * Must be smaller than the number of elements in the container.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
index 4fbac1c2e..c6ba964ed 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Create an uninitialized xfixed_container.
-     * Note this function is only provided for homogenity, and the shape & layout argument is
+     * Note this function is only provided for homogeneity, and the shape & layout argument is
      * disregarded (the template shape is always used).
      *
      * @param shape the shape of the xfixed_container (unused!)
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     /**
      * Create an xfixed_container, and initialize with the value of v.
-     * Note, the shape argument to this function is only provided for homogenity,
+     * Note, the shape argument to this function is only provided for homogeneity,
      * and the shape argument is disregarded (the template shape is always used).
      *
      * @param shape the shape of the xfixed_container (unused!)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 5fc682768..9a9979374 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index 1c4fb0849..7a2e12b89 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      *  code has undefined behavior:
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace xt
      * auto a = xt::arange<double>(50).reshape({-1, 10});
      * //a.shape() is {5, 10}
      * \endcode
-     * @param shape the new shape (has to have same number of elements as the original genrator)
+     * @param shape the new shape (has to have same number of elements as the original generator)
      */
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     template <class O>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
index 88749c060..060d3ce1a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Return a flatten view of the given expression.
      *
      * No copy is made.
-     * This method is equivalent to ravel and is provided for API sameness with Numpy.
+     * This method is equivalent to ravel and is provided for API sameness with NumPy.
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xmanipulation
      * @param e the input expression
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
index e40ca9c10..5295b3136 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
index 79ba0977c..463cdaf5c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ namespace xt
             //
             // The next 1 byte is an unsigned byte: the minor version number of the file
             // format, e.g. x00. Note: the version of the file format is not tied to the
-            // version of the numpy package.
+            // version of the NumPy package.
             //
             // The next 2 bytes form a little-endian unsigned short int: the length of the
             // header data HEADER_LEN.
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Loads a npy file (the numpy storage format)
+     * Loads a npy file (the NumPy storage format)
      *
      * @param stream An input stream from which to load the file
      * @tparam T select the type of the npy file (note: currently there is
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /**
-     * Loads a npy file (the numpy storage format)
+     * Loads a npy file (the NumPy storage format)
      *
      * @param filename The filename or path to the file
      * @tparam T select the type of the npy file (note: currently there is
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 33aea1991..bdc3f12bc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index f3f76dba1..584c619ce 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index 14b90f148..09c792bdd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @warning This method is meant for performance, for expressions with a dynamic
      * number of dimensions (i.e. not known at compile time). Since it may have
-     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be prefered whenever
+     * undefined behavior (see parameters), operator() should be preferred whenever
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
index b8bfe3654..7b8545459 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     // xtensor_view can be used on pseudo containers, i.e. containers
-    // whowe access operator does not return a reference. Since it
+    // whose access operator does not return a reference. Since it
     // is not possible to take the address f a temporary, the load_simd
     // method implementation leads to a compilation error.
     template <class EC, std::size_t N, layout_type L, class Tag>
diff --git a/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb b/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb
index df0c1d454..8c0852aa9 100644
--- a/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb
+++ b/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     " - an API following the idioms of the **C++ standard library**.\n",
     " - tools to manipulate array expressions and build upon `xtensor`.\n",
     "\n",
-    "The implementation of the containers of `xtensor` is inspired by [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org), the Python array programming library. **Adaptors** for existing data structures to be plugged into our expression system can easily be written. In fact, `xtensor` can be used to **process `numpy` data structures inplace** using Python's [buffer protocol](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/buffer.html).\n",
+    "The implementation of the containers of `xtensor` is inspired by [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org), the Python array programming library. **Adaptors** for existing data structures to be plugged into our expression system can easily be written. In fact, `xtensor` can be used to **process `NumPy` data structures inplace** using Python's [buffer protocol](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/buffer.html).\n",
     "\n",
     "`xtensor` requires a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C+ compilers are supported:\n",
     "\n",
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 119af08b6..22f4cec73 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::ifstream dstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/double"));
         auto darr_loaded_stream = load_npy<double>(dstream);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded_stream)), "Loading double numpy array from stream failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(isclose(darr, darr_loaded_stream)), "Loading double NumPy array from stream failed");
         dstream.close();
 
         auto barr_loaded = load_npy<bool>(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::ifstream bstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
         auto barr_loaded_stream = load_npy<bool>(bstream);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded_stream)), "Loading boolean numpy array from stream failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(all(equal(barr, barr_loaded_stream)), "Loading boolean NumPy array from stream failed");
         bstream.close();
 
         auto dfarr_loaded = load_npy<double, layout_type::column_major>(
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::string barr_str = dump_npy(barr);
         std::string barr_disk = read_file(compare_name);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(barr_str == barr_disk, "Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(barr_str == barr_disk, "Dumping boolean NumPy file to string failed");
 
         std::remove(filename.c_str());
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         std::string ularr_str = dump_npy(ularr);
         std::string ularr_disk = read_file(compare_name);
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(ularr_str == ularr_disk, "Dumping boolean numpy file to string failed");
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(ularr_str == ularr_disk, "Dumping boolean NumPy file to string failed");
 
         std::remove(filename.c_str());
     }

From 96da4cb0eb6a2edf31bd30427389de0e92331ce9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Tue, 18 Apr 2023 16:28:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 474/606] Automatically close inactive issues/prs

---
 .github/workflows/issue-close.yml | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/issue-close.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b497cd2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: Close inactive issues
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: 30 1 * * *
+
+jobs:
+  close-issues:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/stale@v5
+      with:
+        any-of-issue-labels: [Needs clarification, Answered]
+        days-before-issue-stale: 30
+        days-before-issue-close: 14
+        stale-issue-label: Stale
+        stale-issue-message: |
+          This issue is stale because it has been open for 30 days with no activity.
+          It will be automatically closed in 14 days.
+        close-issue-message: |
+          This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days since being marked as stale.
+        any-of-pr-labels: [Needs clarification, Answered, Needs revision]
+        days-before-pr-stale: 60
+        days-before-pr-close: 14
+        stale-pr-label: Stale
+        stale-pr-message: |
+          This pr is stale because it has been open for 60 days with no activity.
+          It will be automatically closed in 14 days.
+        close-pr-message: |
+          This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days since being marked as stale.
+        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

From 30f5a1df0a4ac6de21e649914f44c4137881914a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 10:41:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 475/606] CI: fixing typos

---
 .github/workflows/issue-close.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
index 3b497cd2b..6ab1e2a72 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Close inactive issues
+name: Close inactive issues and PRs
 on:
   schedule:
   - cron: 30 1 * * *
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ jobs:
       issues: write
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/stale@v5
+    - uses: actions/stale@v8
       with:
-        any-of-issue-labels: [Needs clarification, Answered]
+        any-of-issue-labels: Needs clarification, Answered
         days-before-issue-stale: 30
         days-before-issue-close: 14
         stale-issue-label: Stale
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           It will be automatically closed in 14 days.
         close-issue-message: |
           This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days since being marked as stale.
-        any-of-pr-labels: [Needs clarification, Answered, Needs revision]
+        any-of-pr-labels: Needs clarification, Answered, Needs revision
         days-before-pr-stale: 60
         days-before-pr-close: 14
         stale-pr-label: Stale

From cccd75769b332f7cc726d702555180d74bd78953 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Fri, 21 Apr 2023 09:31:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 476/606] CI: Adding `Stale?` label to autoclose

---
 .github/workflows/issue-close.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
index 6ab1e2a72..7156c375c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/stale@v8
       with:
-        any-of-issue-labels: Needs clarification, Answered
+        any-of-issue-labels: Needs clarification, Answered, Stale?
         days-before-issue-stale: 30
         days-before-issue-close: 14
         stale-issue-label: Stale
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           It will be automatically closed in 14 days.
         close-issue-message: |
           This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days since being marked as stale.
-        any-of-pr-labels: Needs clarification, Answered, Needs revision
+        any-of-pr-labels: Needs clarification, Answered, Needs revision, Stale?
         days-before-pr-stale: 60
         days-before-pr-close: 14
         stale-pr-label: Stale

From 5f3f08a335c6539c5cdf5a7799c575a33118ce0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: FrancoisDn <130443538+FrancoisDn@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Apr 2023 15:41:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 477/606] Fix xt::ellipsis() usage in numpy doc

Add missing `()` after `ellipsis`
---
 docs/source/numpy.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/numpy.rst b/docs/source/numpy.rst
index 897d0383a..814f3ec6d 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy.rst
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ See :any:`numpy indexing <numpy:arrays.indexing>` page.
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ``a[5:1:-1, :]``                        | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::range(5, 1, -1), xt::all()) <xt::all>`         |
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-   | ``a[..., 3]``                           | :cpp:func:`xt::strided_view(a, {xt::ellipsis, 3}) <xt::ellipsis>`         |
+   | ``a[..., 3]``                           | :cpp:func:`xt::strided_view(a, {xt::ellipsis(), 3}) <xt::ellipsis>`       |
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | :any:`a[:, np.newaxis] <numpy.newaxis>` | :cpp:func:`xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis()) <xt::newaxis>`           |
    +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

From 43ce8de451d351ad908ad870f0a4fb270fddb4fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 23 May 2023 04:51:46 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 478/606] Add CI through github actions. (#2692)

---
 .appveyor.yml                                 |  43 ------
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml           |  41 ------
 .../azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml             |  54 --------
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml      |  29 ----
 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml      |  86 ------------
 .azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml               |  72 ----------
 .github/workflows/ci.yml                      | 127 ++++++++++++++++++
 .github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml            | 108 +++++++++++++++
 azure-pipelines.yml                           |   8 --
 test/CMakeLists.txt                           |   5 +-
 10 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 335 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .appveyor.yml
 delete mode 100644 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
 delete mode 100644 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
 delete mode 100644 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
 delete mode 100644 .azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
 delete mode 100644 .azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
 delete mode 100644 azure-pipelines.yml

diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e7c8fe6c..000000000
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-build: false
-
-branches:
-  only:
-  - master
-
-platform:
-- x64
-
-image:
-- Visual Studio 2017
-- Visual Studio 2015
-
-environment:
-  matrix:
-  - MINICONDA: C:\xtensor-conda
-
-init:
-- ECHO %MINICONDA%
-- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set VCVARPATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat"
-- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set VCARGUMENT=%PLATFORM%
-- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set VCVARPATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-- echo "%VCVARPATH% %VCARGUMENT%"
-- '%VCVARPATH% %VCARGUMENT%'
-- ps: if($env:Platform -eq "x64"){Start-FileDownload 'http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86_64.exe' C:\Miniconda.exe; echo "Done"}
-- ps: if($env:Platform -eq "x86"){Start-FileDownload 'http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86.exe' C:\Miniconda.exe; echo "Done"}
-- cmd: C:\Miniconda.exe /S /D=C:\xtensor-conda
-- set PATH=%MINICONDA%;%MINICONDA%\Scripts;%MINICONDA%\Library\bin;%PATH%
-
-install:
-- conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
-- conda update -q conda
-- conda info -a
-- conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
-- CALL conda.bat activate xtensor
-- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2017" set CMAKE_ARGS="-DDISABLE_VS2017=ON"
-- if "%APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE%" == "Visual Studio 2015" set CMAKE_ARGS=""
-- cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%MINICONDA%\\LIBRARY -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE %CMAKE_ARGS% .
-- nmake test_xtensor_lib
-- cd test
-
-build_script:
-- .\test_xtensor_lib
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index fcff7ac30..000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-jobs:
-- job: Linux_0
-  strategy:
-    matrix:
-      clang_6:
-        llvm_version: '6.0'
-      clang_7:
-        llvm_version: '7'
-      clang_8:
-        llvm_version: '8'
-      clang_9:
-        llvm_version: '9'
-      clang_10:
-        llvm_version: '10'
-        disable_xsimd: 1
-  pool:
-    vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
-  variables:
-    CC: clang-$(llvm_version)
-    CXX: clang++-$(llvm_version)
-  timeoutInMinutes: 360
-  steps:
-
-  - script: |
-      sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
-      if [[ $(llvm_version) == '4.0' || $(llvm_version) == '5.0' ]]; then
-        sudo apt-get update
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install gcc-4.9 clang-$(llvm_version)
-      else
-        LLVM_VERSION=$(llvm_version)
-        get -O - http://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
-        sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial-$LLVM_VERSION main"
-        sudo apt-get update
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install clang-$(llvm_version)
-      fi
-    displayName: Install build toolchain
-
-  - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
-    displayName: Add conda to PATH
-
-  - template: unix-build.yml
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 075f30433..000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-jobs:
-- job: Linux_1
-  strategy:
-    matrix:
-      gcc_6_disable_xsimd:
-        gcc_version: '6'
-        disable_xsimd: 1
-      gcc_6_disable_exception:
-        gcc_version: '6'
-        disable_exception: 1
-      gcc_6_column_major:
-        gcc_version: '6'
-        column_major_layout: 1
-      gcc_7:
-        gcc_version: '7'
-      gcc_7_tbb:
-        gcc_version: '7'
-        enable_tbb: 1
-      gcc_7_openmp:
-        gcc_version: '7'
-        enable_openmp: 1
-      gcc_8:
-        gcc_version: '8'
-        check_cyclic_includes: 1
-      gcc_8_bound_checks:
-        gcc_version: '8'
-        bound_checks: 1
-        build_benchmark: 1
-        disable_xsimd: 1
-      gcc_8_cpp17:
-        gcc_version: '8'
-        enable_cpp17: 1
-      gcc_9:
-        gcc_version: '9'
-  pool:
-    vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
-  variables:
-    CC: gcc-$(gcc_version)
-    CXX: g++-$(gcc_version)
-  timeoutInMinutes: 360
-  steps:
-
-  - script: |
-      if [[ $(gcc_version) == '6' || $(gcc_version) == '7' || $(gcc_version) == '8' ]]; then
-        sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
-        sudo apt-get update
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$(gcc_version)
-      fi
-    displayName: Install build toolchain
-
-  - bash: echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
-    displayName: Add conda to PATH
-
-  - template: unix-build.yml
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 0574f0a22..000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-jobs:
-- job: OSX
-  strategy:
-    matrix:
-      macOS_11:
-        image_name: macOS-11
-      macOS_12:
-        image_name: macOS-12
-  pool:
-    vmImage: $(image_name)
-  variables:
-    CC: clang
-    CXX: clang++
-  timeoutInMinutes: 360
-  steps:
-  - script: |
-      echo "Removing homebrew for Azure to avoid conflicts with conda"
-      /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/uninstall.sh)"
-      #> ~/uninstall_homebrew
-      #chmod +x ~/uninstall_homebrew
-      #~/uninstall_homebrew -f -q
-    displayName: Remove homebrew
-
-  - bash: |
-      echo "##vso[task.prependpath]$CONDA/bin"
-      sudo chown -R $USER $CONDA
-    displayName: Add conda to PATH
-
-  - template: unix-build.yml
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml b/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 691b8a744..000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-jobs:
-- job: Windows_clangcl
-  pool:
-    vmImage: windows-2019
-  timeoutInMinutes: 360
-  steps:
-
-      # Install Chocolatey (https://chocolatey.org/install#install-with-powershellexe)
-  - powershell: |
-      Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
-      iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
-      Write-Host "##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]$env:PATH"
-      choco --version
-    displayName: Install Chocolatey
-
-      # Install Miniconda
-  - script: |
-      choco install miniconda3 --yes
-      set PATH=C:\tools\miniconda3\Scripts;C:\tools\miniconda3;C:\tools\miniconda3\Library\bin;%PATH%
-      echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]%PATH%'
-      set LIB=C:\tools\miniconda3\Library\lib;%LIB%
-      echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=LIB]%LIB%'
-      conda --version
-    displayName: Install Miniconda
-
-      # Configure Miniconda
-  - script: |
-      conda config --set always_yes yes
-      conda config --append channels conda-forge
-      conda info
-    displayName: Configure Miniconda
-
-      # Create conda enviroment
-      # Note: conda activate doesn't work here, because it creates a new shell!
-  - script: |
-      conda install cmake==3.14.0 ^
-                    ninja ^
-                    doctest==2.4.7 ^
-                    nlohmann_json ^
-                    xtl==0.7.5 ^
-                    xsimd==10.0.0 ^
-                    python=3.9
-      conda list
-    displayName: Install conda packages
-
-      # Install LLVM
-      # Note: LLVM distributed by conda is too old
-  - script: |
-      choco install llvm --yes
-      set PATH=C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin;%PATH%
-      echo '##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH]%PATH%'
-      clang-cl --version
-    displayName: Install LLVM
-
-      # Configure
-  - script: |
-      setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
-      call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86_amd64
-      mkdir build & cd build
-      cmake -G Ninja ^
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
-            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
-            -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ^
-            -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON ^
-            $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
-    displayName: Configure xtensor
-    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
-
-      # Build
-  - script: |
-      call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86_amd64
-      cmake --build . ^
-            --config Release ^
-            --target test_xtensor_lib ^
-            -- -v
-    displayName: Build xtensor
-    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build
-
-      # Test
-  - script: |
-      setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
-      cd test
-      .\test_xtensor_lib
-    displayName: Test xtensor
-    workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build/test
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml b/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 947a17509..000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/unix-build.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-steps:
-- script: |
-    conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
-    conda update -q conda
-    conda env create --file environment-dev.yml
-    source activate xtensor
-    if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
-      conda install tbb-devel -c conda-forge
-    fi
-  displayName: Install dependencies
-
-- script: |
-    source activate xtensor
-    if [[ $(check_cyclic_includes)  == 1 ]]; then
-      set -e
-      conda install networkx -c conda-forge
-      cd tools
-      chmod +x check_circular.py
-      ./check_circular.py
-      cd ..
-      set +e
-    fi
-  displayName: Check circular includes
-
-- script: |
-    source activate xtensor
-    mkdir build
-    cd build
-    CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_TESTS=ON";
-    if [[ $(bound_checks) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON";
-    fi
-    if [[ $(column_major_layout) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON";
-    fi
-    if [[ $(disable_xsimd) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=OFF";
-    else
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON";
-    fi
-    if [[ $(enable_tbb) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib ..";
-    fi
-    if [[ $(enable_openmp) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON";
-    fi
-    if [[ $(disable_exception) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTION=ON";
-    fi
-    if [[ $(enable_cpp17) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DCPP17=ON";
-    fi
-    if [[ $(build_benchmark) == 1 ]]; then
-      CMAKE_EXTA_ARGS="$CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON";
-    fi
-
-    cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX $CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
-  displayName: Configure xtensor
-  workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)
-
-- script: |
-    source activate xtensor
-    make -j2 test_xtensor_lib
-  displayName: Build xtensor
-  workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build
-
-- script: |
-    source activate xtensor
-    cd test
-    ./test_xtensor_lib
-  displayName: Test xtensor
-  workingDirectory: $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/build/test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..123e03987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+
+  linux:
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
+        sys:
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '15', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '16', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Setup GCC
+      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc' }}
+      run: |
+        echo "CC=gcc-${{ matrix.sys.version }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "CXX=g++-${{ matrix.sys.version }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Setup clang
+      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang' }}
+      run: |
+        LLVM_VERSION=${{ matrix.sys.version }}
+        wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - || exit 1
+        if [[ $LLVM_VERSION -ge 13 ]]; then
+          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-$LLVM_VERSION main" || exit 1
+        else
+          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal main" || exit 1
+        fi || exit 1
+        sudo apt-get update || exit 1
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install clang-$LLVM_VERSION || exit 1
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-9 g++-9-multilib || exit 1
+        sudo ln -s /usr/include/asm-generic /usr/include/asm
+        CC=clang-$LLVM_VERSION
+        echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        CXX=clang++-$LLVM_VERSION
+        echo "CXX=$CXX" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
+
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
+
+  default:
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        runs-on: [macos-latest, windows-latest]
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • default - default
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Setup MSVC
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        extra-specs: |
+          sel(win): ninja
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      if: runner.os != 'Windows'
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
+
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94a5915e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+name: Extra CI
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+
+  linux:
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
+        sys:
+        - {name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+        - {name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
+        - {name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
+        - {name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • default - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      if: ${{ matrix.sys.name != 'tbb' }}
+      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'tbb' }}
+      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        extra-specs: |
+          tbb-devel
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
+
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build .
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest --output-on-failure
+
+  clang:
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        runs-on: [windows-latest]
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • clang - default
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Setup clang
+      run: |
+        echo "CC=clang" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "CXX=clang++" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        extra-specs: |
+          sel(win): ninja
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
+
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build .
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest --output-on-failure
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 29081a9d0..000000000
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-trigger:
-- master
-
-jobs:
-- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-win.yml
-- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-clang.yml
-- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-linux-gcc.yml
-- template: ./.azure-pipelines/azure-pipelines-osx.yml
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 0ce881944..e6331f759 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /EHsc")
   endif()
 elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
-  if(NOT WIN32)
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_FRONTEND_VARIANT STREQUAL "GNU")
     CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
     if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
       set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
     if (XTENSOR_ENABLE_WERROR)
       set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Werror -DSKIP_ON_WERROR")
     endif()
-  else() # We are using clang-cl
+  elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_FRONTEND_VARIANT STREQUAL "MSVC")
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /bigobj")
     set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO")
     add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
@@ -311,4 +311,5 @@ add_library(test_xtensor_core_lib STATIC ${COMMON_BASE} ${TEST_HEADERS} ${XTENSO
 target_include_directories(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
 
 target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE xtensor doctest::doctest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_precompile_headers(test_xtensor_core_lib PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 add_custom_target(coverity COMMAND coverity_scan DEPENDS test_xtensor_core_lib)

From 439ce4e866837c880609804ff8e8c6137bfa3e9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 May 2023 15:07:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 479/606] Updated README badges

---
 README.md | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3953bd2ec..5d482c2ef 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # ![xtensor](docs/source/xtensor.svg)
 
-[![Appveyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/dljjg79povwgncuf?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/xtensor-stack/xtensor)
-[![Azure](https://dev.azure.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-stack/_apis/build/status/xtensor-stack.xtensor?branchName=master)](https://dev.azure.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-stack/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=master)
-[![Coverity](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/18335/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/xtensor)
+[![GithubActions](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![GithubActions](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci_extended.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci_extended.yaml)
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)

From b76f6adcaf88ce4ea64dcf67d238510b6d89054e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 May 2023 15:25:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 480/606] Runs extended_ci on PR

---
 .github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
index 94a5915e8..9cec635a0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ name: Extra CI
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
   push:
     branches: [master]
 

From 4c71ce37883c525c1148bd86ed64f2c981080457 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tom@geus.me>
Date: Sun, 4 Jun 2023 15:15:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 481/606] fixing typo

---
 docs/source/indices.rst | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/indices.rst b/docs/source/indices.rst
index c9e9908ff..cf51597f6 100644
--- a/docs/source/indices.rst
+++ b/docs/source/indices.rst
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ are turned on, and the number of indices is assumed to match the dimension of th
     post-pad zeros if you specify less indices than the rank of the array.
     Example: ``a.unchecked(1) == a(1, 0)``.
 
-:cpp:func:`periodic(args...) <xt::xcaontainer::periodic>`
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+:cpp:func:`periodic(args...) <xt::xcontainer::periodic>`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 *   Example: ``a.periodic(-1, -2) == 7``.
 *   See also: :cpp:func:`xt::xcontainer::periodic`.

From 0e6b11af4157a159ed4a857491eb7bd8d1035a3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2023 06:21:42 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 482/606] Added unwrap (#2710)

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xmath.cpp       | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 126 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 1fe6c9f54..b85d485b8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -3088,6 +3088,88 @@ namespace xt
         return f;
     }
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        auto calculate_discontinuity(E1&& discontinuity, E2&&)
+        {
+            return discontinuity;
+        }
+
+        template <class E2>
+        auto calculate_discontinuity(xt::placeholders::xtuph, E2&& period)
+        {
+            return 0.5 * period;
+        }
+
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        auto
+        calculate_interval(E2&& period, typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<E1>::value, E1>::type* = 0)
+        {
+            auto interval_high = 0.5 * period;
+            uint64_t remainder = static_cast<uint64_t>(period) % 2;
+            auto boundary_ambiguous = (remainder == 0);
+            return std::make_tuple(interval_high, boundary_ambiguous);
+        }
+
+        template <class E1, class E2>
+        auto
+        calculate_interval(E2&& period, typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<E1>::value, E1>::type* = 0)
+        {
+            auto interval_high = 0.5 * period;
+            auto boundary_ambiguous = true;
+            return std::make_tuple(interval_high, boundary_ambiguous);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ingroup basic_functions
+     * @brief Unwrap by taking the complement of large deltas with respect to the period
+     * @details https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.unwrap.html
+     * @param p Input array.
+     * @param discontinuity
+     *     Maximum discontinuity between values, default is `period / 2`.
+     *     Values below `period / 2` are treated as if they were `period / 2`.
+     *     To have an effect different from the default, use `discontinuity > period / 2`.
+     * @param axis Axis along which unwrap will operate, default: the last axis.
+     * @param period Size of the range over which the input wraps. Default: \f$ 2 \pi \f$.
+     */
+
+    template <class E1, class E2 = xt::placeholders::xtuph, class E3 = double>
+    inline auto unwrap(
+        E1&& p,
+        E2 discontinuity = xnone(),
+        std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1,
+        E3 period = 2.0 * xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI
+    )
+    {
+        auto discont = detail::calculate_discontinuity(discontinuity, period);
+        using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E1>::value_type;
+        std::size_t saxis = normalize_axis(p.dimension(), axis);
+        auto dd = diff(p, 1, axis);
+        xstrided_slice_vector slice(p.dimension(), all());
+        slice[saxis] = range(1, xnone());
+        auto interval_tuple = detail::calculate_interval<value_type>(period);
+        auto interval_high = std::get<0>(interval_tuple);
+        auto boundary_ambiguous = std::get<1>(interval_tuple);
+        auto interval_low = -interval_high;
+        auto ddmod = xt::eval(xt::fmod(xt::fmod(dd - interval_low, period) + period, period) + interval_low);
+        if (boundary_ambiguous)
+        {
+            // for `mask = (abs(dd) == period/2)`, the above line made
+            //`ddmod[mask] == -period/2`. correct these such that
+            //`ddmod[mask] == sign(dd[mask])*period/2`.
+            auto boolmap = xt::equal(ddmod, interval_low) && (xt::greater(dd, 0.0));
+            ddmod = xt::where(boolmap, interval_high, ddmod);
+        }
+        auto ph_correct = xt::eval(ddmod - dd);
+        ph_correct = xt::where(xt::abs(dd) < discont, 0.0, ph_correct);
+        E1 up(p);
+        strided_view(up, slice) = strided_view(p, slice)
+                                  + xt::cumsum(ph_correct, static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(saxis));
+        return up;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @ingroup basic_functions
      * @brief Returns the one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolant to a function with given discrete data
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 568c2c354..2eea8cc43 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -923,4 +923,48 @@ namespace xt
 
         EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
     }
+
+    TEST(xmath, unwrap)
+    {
+        {
+            // {0, pi / 4, pi / 2, -pi / 4, 0}
+            xt::xarray<double> expected = {0., 0.78539816, 1.57079633, -0.78539816, 0};
+            auto pi = xt::numeric_constants<double>::PI;
+            xt::xarray<double> phase = xt::linspace<double>(0, pi, 5);
+            xt::view(phase, xt::range(3, xt::xnone())) += pi;
+            auto unwrapped = xt::unwrap(phase);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(expected, unwrapped));
+        }
+        {
+            xt::xarray<double> expected = {
+                -180.,
+                -140.,
+                -100.,
+                -60.,
+                -20.,
+                20.,
+                60.,
+                100.,
+                140.,
+                180.,
+                220.,
+                260.,
+                300.,
+                340.,
+                380.,
+                420.,
+                460.,
+                500.,
+                540.};
+            xt::xarray<double> phase_deg = xt::fmod(xt::linspace<double>(0, 720, 19), 360) - 180;
+            auto unwrapped = xt::unwrap(phase_deg, xnone(), -1, 360.0);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(expected, unwrapped));
+        }
+        {
+            xt::xarray<int> expected = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+            xt::xarray<int> phase = {2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            auto unwrapped = xt::unwrap(phase, xnone(), -1, 4);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(expected, unwrapped));
+        }
+    }
 }

From 779c374bbbe4178f2ecf88bcc1e97214ed5a2fa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2023 06:22:32 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 483/606] Removed repeated work from build (#2711)

---
 .github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
index 9cec635a0..ee4083707 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Build
       working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build .
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
 
     - name: Run tests
       working-directory: build
-      run: ctest --output-on-failure
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure

From 059510b78138ffd118488d9e1909f3483401f6d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2023 11:39:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 484/606] Removed bad macro definitions

---
 test/main.cpp               |  2 +-
 test/test_common_macros.hpp | 12 ++++++------
 test/test_xrandom.cpp       |  3 ++-
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/main.cpp b/test/main.cpp
index 723e3f56b..f16c661eb 100644
--- a/test/main.cpp
+++ b/test/main.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
-#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
 #endif
 #include "doctest/doctest.h"
diff --git a/test/test_common_macros.hpp b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
index 388b8ee9b..06a56495e 100644
--- a/test/test_common_macros.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define TEST_COMMON_MACROS_HPP
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
-#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
 #endif
 
 #include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@
 #include "test_utils.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
-
-#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y) #warning "XT_EXPECT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
-#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y) #warning "XT_ASSERT_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
-#define XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x) #warning "XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
-#define XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x) #warning "XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW IS DISABLED WHEN EXCEPTIONS ARE DISABLED" ;
+#warning "XT_EXPECT_THROW, XT_ASSERT_THROW, XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW and XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW are disabled"
+#define XT_EXPECT_THROW(x, y)
+#define XT_ASSERT_THROW(x, y)
+#define XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(x)
+#define XT_ASSERT_ANY_THROW(x)
 #define XT_EXPECT_NO_THROW(x) x;
 #define XT_ASSERT_NO_THROW(x) x;
 
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index e2d0cd67c..d056be2ea 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
@@ -22,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "xtensor/xset_operation.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 namespace xt
 {
     TEST(xrandom, random)

From e75ba74001c4997a24ae1e2de6c5b335a26abec0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Snehal Verma <snehalverma10@berkeley.edu>
Date: Sun, 11 Jun 2023 13:28:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 485/606] Added 'edge' pad mode for xt::pad

---
 include/xtensor/xpad.hpp | 29 +++++++++++++++++++----
 test/test_xpad.cpp       | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
index e6fb1ff50..082efe509 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ namespace xt
         symmetric,
         reflect,
         wrap,
-        periodic
+        periodic,
+        edge
     };
 
     namespace detail
@@ -123,19 +124,28 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(nb <= e.shape(axis));
                     svs[axis] = xt::range(e.shape(axis), nb + e.shape(axis));
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::symmetric)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(nb <= e.shape(axis));
                     svs[axis] = xt::range(2 * nb - 1, nb - 1, -1);
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::reflect)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(nb <= e.shape(axis) - 1);
                     svs[axis] = xt::range(2 * nb, nb, -1);
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
+                }
+                else if (mode == pad_mode::edge)
+                {
+                    svs[axis] = xt::range(nb, nb + 1);
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::broadcast(
+                        xt::strided_view(out, svs),
+                        xt::strided_view(out, svt).shape()
+                    );
                 }
-
-                xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
             }
 
             if (ne > static_cast<size_type>(0))
@@ -146,6 +156,7 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     XTENSOR_ASSERT(ne <= e.shape(axis));
                     svs[axis] = xt::range(nb, nb + ne);
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::symmetric)
                 {
@@ -158,6 +169,7 @@ namespace xt
                     {
                         svs[axis] = xt::range(nb + e.shape(axis) - 1, nb + e.shape(axis) - ne - 1, -1);
                     }
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
                 }
                 else if (mode == pad_mode::reflect)
                 {
@@ -170,9 +182,16 @@ namespace xt
                     {
                         svs[axis] = xt::range(nb + e.shape(axis) - 2, nb + e.shape(axis) - ne - 2, -1);
                     }
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
+                }
+                else if (mode == pad_mode::edge)
+                {
+                    svs[axis] = xt::range(out.shape(axis) - ne - 1, out.shape(axis) - ne);
+                    xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::broadcast(
+                        xt::strided_view(out, svs),
+                        xt::strided_view(out, svt).shape()
+                    );
                 }
-
-                xt::strided_view(out, svt) = xt::strided_view(out, svs);
             }
 
             svs[axis] = xt::all();
diff --git a/test/test_xpad.cpp b/test/test_xpad.cpp
index a730a0177..0b597ebd7 100644
--- a/test/test_xpad.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xpad.cpp
@@ -67,6 +67,56 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
     }
 
+    TEST(xpad, edge_a)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2},
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2},
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2},
+            {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5},
+            {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5},
+            {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::edge);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xpad, edge_b)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, 0, xt::pad_mode::edge);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xpad, edge_c)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 1, 2, 2, 2}, {3, 4, 5, 5, 5}, {3, 4, 5, 5, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{0, 1}, {0, 2}}, xt::pad_mode::edge);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
+    }
+
+    TEST(xpad, edge_d)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {{0, 0, 0, 1, 2}, {0, 0, 0, 1, 2}, {3, 3, 3, 4, 5}};
+
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}}, xt::pad_mode::edge);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(b, c);
+    }
+
     TEST(xpad, wrap_a)
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};

From 6f9bc41af377b762a4be92dfbd64718e47485081 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Callan Gray <cal.j.gray@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2023 16:57:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 486/606] Support recurser_run external linkage

---
 include/xtensor/xio.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
index 1c49326ac..167ed83c6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class F, class E>
-        static void recurser_run(F& fn, const E& e, xstrided_slice_vector& slices, std::size_t lim = 0)
+        void recurser_run(F& fn, const E& e, xstrided_slice_vector& slices, std::size_t lim = 0)
         {
             using size_type = typename E::size_type;
             const auto view = strided_view(e, slices);

From b245153f96f8f9515116e34c9a3d263d80cc585f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 14:26:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 487/606] making xfunctor_view::crbegin return const iterator.

---
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 9a9979374..232fb3d97 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -1163,8 +1163,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crbegin() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rbegin<L>())>(
-            m_e.template rbegin<L>(),
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template crbegin<L>())>(
+            m_e.template crbegin<L>(),
             &m_functor
         );
     }
@@ -1178,8 +1178,8 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xfunctor_applier_base<D>::crend() const noexcept
     {
-        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template rend<L>())>(
-            m_e.template rend<L>(),
+        return xfunctor_iterator<const functor_type, decltype(m_e.template crend<L>())>(
+            m_e.template crend<L>(),
             &m_functor
         );
     }

From 97514efb65169c1d7eff9908cce0b2a878fa23b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 14:27:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 488/606] adding missing xstrided_view::linear_begin.

---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index b30d81861..35689774c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -155,6 +155,8 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = typename base_type::storage_type;
         using linear_iterator = typename storage_type::iterator;
         using const_linear_iterator = typename storage_type::const_iterator;
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<linear_iterator>;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using iterable_base = select_iterable_base_t<L, xexpression_type::static_layout, self_type>;
         using inner_shape_type = typename base_type::inner_shape_type;
@@ -217,9 +219,18 @@ namespace xt
 
         linear_iterator linear_begin();
         linear_iterator linear_end();
+        const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_end() const;
         const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const;
         const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const;
 
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin();
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend();
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const;
+
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
         disable_indexed_stepper_t<STEP> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
         template <class ST, class STEP = stepper>
@@ -485,6 +496,18 @@ namespace xt
         return this->storage().begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset() + size());
     }
 
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_begin() const -> const_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return this->linear_cbegin();
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_end() const -> const_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return this->linear_cend();
+    }
+
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
     inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_cbegin() const -> const_linear_iterator
     {
@@ -497,6 +520,42 @@ namespace xt
         return this->storage().cbegin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(data_offset() + size());
     }
 
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_rbegin() -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(this->linear_begin());
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_rend() -> reverse_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return reverse_linear_iterator(this->linear_end());
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_rbegin() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return this->linear_crbegin();
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_rend() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return this->linear_crend();
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_crbegin() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(this->linear_cbegin());
+    }
+
+    template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::linear_crend() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+    {
+        return const_reverse_linear_iterator(this->linear_cend());
+    }
+
     /***************
      * stepper api *
      ***************/

From 427484b9e48b01a0c0a8f0e8cfa02010e00ebc3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 18:22:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 489/606] fixing end iterator multidimensional index
 computation.

---
 include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
index b285b9ca7..1fc412471 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
@@ -604,7 +604,8 @@ namespace xt
     void stepper_tools<layout_type::row_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape)
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
-        size_type i = index.size();
+        const size_type size = index.size();
+        size_type i = size;
         while (i != 0)
         {
             --i;
@@ -625,7 +626,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if (i == 0)
         {
-            std::copy(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), index.begin());
+            if (size != size_type(0))
+            {
+                std::transform(
+                    shape.cbegin(),
+                    shape.cend() - 1,
+                    index.begin(),
+                    [](const auto& v)
+                    {
+                        return v - 1;
+                    }
+                );
+                index[size - 1] = shape[size - 1];
+            }
             stepper.to_end(layout_type::row_major);
         }
     }
@@ -640,8 +653,9 @@ namespace xt
     )
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
-        size_type i = index.size();
-        size_type leading_i = index.size() - 1;
+        const size_type size = index.size();
+        const size_type leading_i = size - 1;
+        size_type i = size;
         while (i != 0 && n != 0)
         {
             --i;
@@ -673,7 +687,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if (i == 0 && n != 0)
         {
-            std::copy(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), index.begin());
+            if (size != size_type(0))
+            {
+                std::transform(
+                    shape.cbegin(),
+                    shape.cend() - 1,
+                    index.begin(),
+                    [](const auto& v)
+                    {
+                        return v - 1;
+                    }
+                );
+                index[leading_i] = shape[leading_i];
+            }
             stepper.to_end(layout_type::row_major);
         }
     }
@@ -760,7 +786,7 @@ namespace xt
     void stepper_tools<layout_type::column_major>::increment_stepper(S& stepper, IT& index, const ST& shape)
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
-        size_type size = index.size();
+        const size_type size = index.size();
         size_type i = 0;
         while (i != size)
         {
@@ -782,7 +808,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if (i == size)
         {
-            std::copy(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), index.begin());
+            if (size != size_type(0))
+            {
+                std::transform(
+                    shape.cbegin() + 1,
+                    shape.cend(),
+                    index.begin() + 1,
+                    [](const auto& v)
+                    {
+                        return v - 1;
+                    }
+                );
+                index[0] = shape[0];
+            }
             stepper.to_end(layout_type::column_major);
         }
     }
@@ -797,9 +835,9 @@ namespace xt
     )
     {
         using size_type = typename S::size_type;
-        size_type size = index.size();
+        const size_type size = index.size();
+        const size_type leading_i = 0;
         size_type i = 0;
-        size_type leading_i = 0;
         while (i != size && n != 0)
         {
             size_type inc = (i == leading_i) ? n : 1;
@@ -808,7 +846,7 @@ namespace xt
                 index[i] += inc;
                 stepper.step(i, inc);
                 n -= inc;
-                if (i != leading_i || index.size() == 1)
+                if (i != leading_i || size == 1)
                 {
                     i = 0;
                     continue;
@@ -832,7 +870,19 @@ namespace xt
         }
         if (i == size && n != 0)
         {
-            std::copy(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), index.begin());
+            if (size != size_type(0))
+            {
+                std::transform(
+                    shape.cbegin() + 1,
+                    shape.cend(),
+                    index.begin() + 1,
+                    [](const auto& v)
+                    {
+                        return v - 1;
+                    }
+                );
+                index[leading_i] = shape[leading_i];
+            }
             stepper.to_end(layout_type::column_major);
         }
     }

From 566b51b02472e4e531df863ad5af98a440148577 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2023 09:19:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 490/606] Fixed static analysis build

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml          |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp |  18 +-
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp    |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp   |   5 +-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp        |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp     |  18 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp     |   5 +-
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp        |  10 +-
 notebooks/xtensor.ipynb          | 844 +++++++++++++++----------------
 9 files changed, 465 insertions(+), 449 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index a0e9260c5..004718bd9 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ repos:
   - id: detect-private-key
   - id: check-merge-conflict
 - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v1.4.2
+  rev: v1.5.4
   hooks:
   - id: forbid-tabs
   - id: remove-tabs
     args: [--whitespaces-count, '4']
 - repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v2.7.0
+  rev: v2.10.0
   hooks:
   - id: pretty-format-yaml
     args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ repos:
     files: environment.yaml
 # Externally provided executables (so we can use them with editors as well).
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-  rev: v15.0.7
+  rev: v16.0.6
   hooks:
   - id: clang-format
     files: .*\.[hc]pp$
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
index f884caa19..5225f1cbe 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -221,8 +221,10 @@ namespace xt
             // using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename
             // std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
 
-            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>(
-            )(std::declval<init_type>(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>()(
+                std::declval<init_type>(),
+                std::declval<expr_value_type>()
+            ))>;
 
             using result_type = xaccumulator_return_type_t<std::decay_t<E>, return_type>;
 
@@ -281,8 +283,10 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     for (std::size_t j = 0; j < inner_loop_size; ++j)
                     {
-                        res.storage()[pos + inner_stride] = xt::get<0>(f
-                        )(res.storage()[pos], res.storage()[pos + inner_stride]);
+                        res.storage()[pos + inner_stride] = xt::get<0>(f)(
+                            res.storage()[pos],
+                            res.storage()[pos + inner_stride]
+                        );
 
                         pos += outer_stride;
                     }
@@ -298,8 +302,10 @@ namespace xt
             using init_type = typename F::init_value_type;
             using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
             using accumulate_functor_type = typename F::accumulate_functor_type;
-            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>(
-            )(std::declval<init_type>(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+            using return_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<accumulate_functor_type>()(
+                std::declval<init_type>(),
+                std::declval<expr_value_type>()
+            ))>;
             // using return_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<init_type, void>::value, typename
             // std::decay_t<E>::value_type, init_type>;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 0d7a8a223..328db01f9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ namespace xt
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfunction<F, CT...>>
     {
         // Added indirection for MSVC 2017 bug with the operator value_type()
-        using func_return_type = typename meta_identity<decltype(std::declval<F>(
-        )(std::declval<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>>>()...))>::type;
+        using func_return_type = typename meta_identity<
+            decltype(std::declval<F>()(std::declval<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>>>()...))>::type;
         using value_type = std::decay_t<func_return_type>;
         using reference = func_return_type;
         using const_reference = reference;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
index 6f6faef76..cf9e53b40 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -531,8 +531,9 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Data argument for bincount can only contain positive integers!");
         }
 
-        xt::xtensor<result_value_type, 1> res = xt::zeros<result_value_type>({(std::max
-        )(minlength, std::size_t(left_right[1] + 1))});
+        xt::xtensor<result_value_type, 1> res = xt::zeros<result_value_type>(
+            {(std::max)(minlength, std::size_t(left_right[1] + 1))}
+        );
 
         for (size_type i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index b85d485b8..1c7177a1b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1757,8 +1757,8 @@ namespace xt
                 auto d = math::abs(internal_type(a) - internal_type(b));
                 return d <= m_atol
                        || d <= m_rtol
-                                   * double((std::max
-                                   )(math::abs(internal_type(a)), math::abs(internal_type(b))));
+                                   * double((std::max)(math::abs(internal_type(a)), math::abs(internal_type(b)))
+                                   );
             }
 
         private:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index 584c619ce..432b8bed3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -301,8 +301,10 @@ namespace xt
         using reduce_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::reduce_functor_type;
         using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
         using expr_value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
-        using result_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>(
-        )(std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), std::declval<expr_value_type>()))>;
+        using result_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
+            std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
+            std::declval<expr_value_type>()
+        ))>;
 
         using options_t = reducer_options<result_type, std::decay_t<O>>;
         options_t options(raw_options);
@@ -767,8 +769,10 @@ namespace xt
         using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
         using merge_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::merge_functor_type;
         using substepper_type = typename xexpression_type::const_stepper;
-        using raw_value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>(
-        )(std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), *std::declval<substepper_type>()))>;
+        using raw_value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
+            std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
+            *std::declval<substepper_type>()
+        ))>;
         using value_type = typename detail::evaluated_value_type_t<raw_value_type, is_xexpression<raw_value_type>::value>;
 
         using reference = value_type;
@@ -926,8 +930,10 @@ namespace xt
 
             using reduce_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::reduce_functor_type;
             using init_functor_type = typename std::decay_t<F>::init_functor_type;
-            using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>(
-            )(std::declval<init_functor_type>()(), *std::declval<typename std::decay_t<E>::const_stepper>()))>;
+            using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<reduce_functor_type>()(
+                std::declval<init_functor_type>()(),
+                *std::declval<typename std::decay_t<E>::const_stepper>()
+            ))>;
             using evaluated_value_type = evaluated_value_type_t<value_type, is_xexpression<value_type>::value>;
 
             using reducer_type = xreducer<
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
index d3df268af..248d9b3c6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
@@ -488,8 +488,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline offset_type element_offset(const S& strides, It first, It last) noexcept
     {
         using difference_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type;
-        auto size = static_cast<difference_type>((std::min
-        )(static_cast<typename S::size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), strides.size()));
+        auto size = static_cast<difference_type>(
+            (std::min)(static_cast<typename S::size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), strides.size())
+        );
         return std::inner_product(last - size, last, strides.cend() - size, offset_type(0));
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index 0a2dbb6be..a30b85f99 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -1680,8 +1680,9 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::sliced_access(const xslice<T>& slice, Arg arg, Args... args) const -> size_type
     {
         using ST = typename T::size_type;
-        return static_cast<size_type>(slice.derived_cast(
-        )(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...)));
+        return static_cast<size_type>(
+            slice.derived_cast()(argument<I>(static_cast<ST>(arg), static_cast<ST>(args)...))
+        );
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1707,8 +1708,9 @@ namespace xt
             return xt::value(s, 0);
         };
 
-        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>((std::min
-        )(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension()));
+        auto s = static_cast<diff_type>(
+            (std::min)(static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(first, last)), this->dimension())
+        );
         auto first_copy = last - s;
         for (size_type i = 0; i != m_e.dimension(); ++i)
         {
diff --git a/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb b/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb
index 8c0852aa9..08da57dcb 100644
--- a/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb
+++ b/notebooks/xtensor.ipynb
@@ -1,424 +1,424 @@
 {
- "cells": [
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "# ![xtensor](images/xtensor.png)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "<center>Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing.</center>"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Introduction\n",
-    "\n",
-    "`xtensor` is a C++ library meant for numerical analysis with multi-dimensional array expressions.\n",
-    "\n",
-    "`xtensor` provides\n",
-    "\n",
-    " - an extensible expression system enabling **lazy broadcasting**.\n",
-    " - an API following the idioms of the **C++ standard library**.\n",
-    " - tools to manipulate array expressions and build upon `xtensor`.\n",
-    "\n",
-    "The implementation of the containers of `xtensor` is inspired by [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org), the Python array programming library. **Adaptors** for existing data structures to be plugged into our expression system can easily be written. In fact, `xtensor` can be used to **process `NumPy` data structures inplace** using Python's [buffer protocol](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/buffer.html).\n",
-    "\n",
-    "`xtensor` requires a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C+ compilers are supported:\n",
-    "\n",
-    " - On Windows platforms, Visual C++ 2015 Update 2, or more recent\n",
-    " - On Unix platforms, gcc 4.9 or a recent version of Clang"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Usage\n",
-    "\n",
-    "<div style=\"background: #efffed;\n",
-    "            border: 1px solid grey;\n",
-    "            margin: 8px 0 8px 0;\n",
-    "            text-align: center;\n",
-    "            padding: 8px; \">\n",
-    "    <i class=\"fa-play fa\" \n",
-    "       style=\"font-size: 40px;\n",
-    "              line-height: 40px;\n",
-    "              margin: 8px;\n",
-    "              color: #444;\">\n",
-    "    </i>\n",
-    "    <div>\n",
-    "    To run the selected code cell, hit <pre style=\"background: #efffed\">Shift + Enter</pre>\n",
-    "    </div>\n",
-    "</div>\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
-    "### Initialize a 2-D array and compute the sum of one of its rows and a 1-D array"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include <iostream>\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xarray.hpp\"\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xio.hpp\"\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xview.hpp\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<double> arr1\n",
-    "  {{1.0, 2.0, 3.0},\n",
-    "   {2.0, 5.0, 7.0},\n",
-    "   {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};\n",
-    "\n",
-    "xt::xarray<double> arr2\n",
-    "  {5.0, 6.0, 7.0};\n",
-    "\n",
-    "xt::view(arr1, 1) + arr2"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "arr1"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "### Initialize a 1-D array and reshape it inplace"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include <iostream>\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xarray.hpp\"\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xio.hpp\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<int> arr\n",
-    "  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};\n",
-    "\n",
-    "arr.reshape({3, 3});\n",
-    "\n",
-    "arr"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "### Broadcasting the ``xt::pow`` universal functions"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include <iostream>\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xarray.hpp\"\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xmath.hpp\"\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xio.hpp\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<double> arr3\n",
-    "  {1.0, 2.0, 3.0};\n",
-    "\n",
-    "xt::xarray<unsigned int> arr4\n",
-    "  {4, 5, 6, 7};\n",
-    "\n",
-    "arr4.reshape({4, 1});\n",
-    "\n",
-    "xt::pow(arr3, arr4)"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "### Random arrays with the random module"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include <iostream>\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xrandom.hpp\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<double> arr5 = xt::random::randn<double>({4, 3});\n",
-    "arr5"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {
-    "scrolled": true
-   },
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::random::randn<double>({5, 3, 8, 10}) > 0.2"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "### Using `linspace`, `arange`, `ones`, `zeros`"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include \"xtensor/xbuilder.hpp\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<double> ar = xt::linspace<double>(0.0, 10.0, 12);\n",
-    "ar.reshape({4, 3});\n",
-    "ar"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<double> fones = xt::ones<float>({2, 2});\n",
-    "fones"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::arange<int>(1569325055)"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "### Using `xt::broadcast`"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include <vector>\n",
-    "#include \"xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::broadcast(xt::linspace<double>(0.0, 10.0, 4),\n",
-    "              std::vector<std::size_t>({3, 4}))"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "### Using standard algorithms with xexpressions"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include <algorithm>"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<double> frand = xt::random::randn<double>({2, 2});\n",
-    "\n",
-    "// begin() and end() provide and iterator pair iterating over the xexpression in a row-major fashion\n",
-    "std::cout << std::accumulate(frand.begin(), frand.end(), 0.0);\n",
-    "\n",
-    "frand"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "### Iterating over a prescribed broadcasted shape"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "// begin(shape) and end(shape) provide and iterator pair iterating\n",
-    "// over the xexpression broadcasted to the prescrived shape in a row-major fashion\n",
-    "std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {3, 2, 2};\n",
-    "std::cout << std::accumulate(frand.begin(shape), frand.end(shape), 0.0);"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "# ![xtensor-blas](images/xtensor-blas.png)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "<center>Blas bindings for xtensor.</center>\n",
-    "\n",
-    "`xtensor-blas` is an extension to the xtensor library, offering bindings to BLAS and LAPACK libraries \n",
-    "through cxxblas and cxxlapack from the [FLENS](https://github.com/michael-lehn/FLENS) project.\n",
-    "\n",
-    "`xtensor-blas` currently provides non-broadcasting `dot`, `norm` (1- and 2-norm for vectors), `inverse`, `solve`,\n",
-    "`eig`, `cross`, `det`, `slogdet`, `matrix_rank`, `inv`, `cholesky`, `qr`, `svd` in the `xt::linalg` namespace (check the corresponding `xlinalg.hpp` header for the function signatures). The functions, and signatures, are trying to be 1-to-1 equivalent to NumPy.\n",
-    "Low-level functions to interface with BLAS or LAPACK with xtensor containers are also offered \n",
-    "in the `blas` and `lapack` namespace.\n",
-    "\n",
-    "`xtensor` and `xtensor-blas` require a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C++ compilers are supported:\n",
-    "\n",
-    " - On Windows platforms, Visual C++ 2015 Update 2, or more recent\n",
-    " - On Unix platforms, gcc 4.9 or a recent version of Clang"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "#include \"xtensor-blas/xlinalg.hpp\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xtensor<double, 2> m = {{1.5, 0.5}, {0.7, 1.0}};"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "std::cout << \"Matrix rank: \" << std::endl << xt::linalg::matrix_rank(m);"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "std::cout << \"Matrix inverse: \" << std::endl << xt::linalg::inv(m);"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "std::cout << \"Eigen values: \" << std::endl << xt::linalg::eigvals(m);"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "xt::xarray<double> arg1 = xt::arange<double>(9);\n",
-    "xt::xarray<double> arg2 = xt::arange<double>(18);\n",
-    "arg1.reshape({3, 3});\n",
-    "arg2.reshape({2, 3, 3});\n",
-    "std::cout << xt::linalg::dot(arg1, arg2) << std::endl;"
-   ]
-  }
- ],
- "metadata": {
-  "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "C++14",
-   "language": "C++14",
-   "name": "xcpp14"
-  },
-  "language_info": {
-   "codemirror_mode": "text/x-c++src",
-   "file_extension": ".cpp",
-   "mimetype": "text/x-c++src",
-   "name": "c++",
-   "version": "-std=c++14"
-  }
- },
- "nbformat": 4,
- "nbformat_minor": 4
+  "cells": [
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "# ![xtensor](images/xtensor.png)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "<center>Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing.</center>"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "## Introduction\n",
+        "\n",
+        "`xtensor` is a C++ library meant for numerical analysis with multi-dimensional array expressions.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "`xtensor` provides\n",
+        "\n",
+        " - an extensible expression system enabling **lazy broadcasting**.\n",
+        " - an API following the idioms of the **C++ standard library**.\n",
+        " - tools to manipulate array expressions and build upon `xtensor`.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The implementation of the containers of `xtensor` is inspired by [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org), the Python array programming library. **Adaptors** for existing data structures to be plugged into our expression system can easily be written. In fact, `xtensor` can be used to **process `NumPy` data structures inplace** using Python's [buffer protocol](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/buffer.html).\n",
+        "\n",
+        "`xtensor` requires a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C+ compilers are supported:\n",
+        "\n",
+        " - On Windows platforms, Visual C++ 2015 Update 2, or more recent\n",
+        " - On Unix platforms, gcc 4.9 or a recent version of Clang"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "## Usage\n",
+        "\n",
+        "<div style=\"background: #efffed;\n",
+        "            border: 1px solid grey;\n",
+        "            margin: 8px 0 8px 0;\n",
+        "            text-align: center;\n",
+        "            padding: 8px; \">\n",
+        "    <i class=\"fa-play fa\" \n",
+        "       style=\"font-size: 40px;\n",
+        "              line-height: 40px;\n",
+        "              margin: 8px;\n",
+        "              color: #444;\">\n",
+        "    </i>\n",
+        "    <div>\n",
+        "    To run the selected code cell, hit <pre style=\"background: #efffed\">Shift + Enter</pre>\n",
+        "    </div>\n",
+        "</div>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "### Initialize a 2-D array and compute the sum of one of its rows and a 1-D array"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include <iostream>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xarray.hpp\"\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xio.hpp\"\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xview.hpp\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<double> arr1\n",
+        "  {{1.0, 2.0, 3.0},\n",
+        "   {2.0, 5.0, 7.0},\n",
+        "   {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};\n",
+        "\n",
+        "xt::xarray<double> arr2\n",
+        "  {5.0, 6.0, 7.0};\n",
+        "\n",
+        "xt::view(arr1, 1) + arr2"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "arr1"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "### Initialize a 1-D array and reshape it inplace"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include <iostream>\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xarray.hpp\"\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xio.hpp\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<int> arr\n",
+        "  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};\n",
+        "\n",
+        "arr.reshape({3, 3});\n",
+        "\n",
+        "arr"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "### Broadcasting the ``xt::pow`` universal functions"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include <iostream>\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xarray.hpp\"\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xmath.hpp\"\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xio.hpp\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<double> arr3\n",
+        "  {1.0, 2.0, 3.0};\n",
+        "\n",
+        "xt::xarray<unsigned int> arr4\n",
+        "  {4, 5, 6, 7};\n",
+        "\n",
+        "arr4.reshape({4, 1});\n",
+        "\n",
+        "xt::pow(arr3, arr4)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "### Random arrays with the random module"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include <iostream>\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xrandom.hpp\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<double> arr5 = xt::random::randn<double>({4, 3});\n",
+        "arr5"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "scrolled": true
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::random::randn<double>({5, 3, 8, 10}) > 0.2"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "### Using `linspace`, `arange`, `ones`, `zeros`"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include \"xtensor/xbuilder.hpp\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<double> ar = xt::linspace<double>(0.0, 10.0, 12);\n",
+        "ar.reshape({4, 3});\n",
+        "ar"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<double> fones = xt::ones<float>({2, 2});\n",
+        "fones"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::arange<int>(1569325055)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "### Using `xt::broadcast`"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include <vector>\n",
+        "#include \"xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::broadcast(xt::linspace<double>(0.0, 10.0, 4),\n",
+        "              std::vector<std::size_t>({3, 4}))"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "### Using standard algorithms with xexpressions"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include <algorithm>"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<double> frand = xt::random::randn<double>({2, 2});\n",
+        "\n",
+        "// begin() and end() provide and iterator pair iterating over the xexpression in a row-major fashion\n",
+        "std::cout << std::accumulate(frand.begin(), frand.end(), 0.0);\n",
+        "\n",
+        "frand"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "### Iterating over a prescribed broadcasted shape"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "// begin(shape) and end(shape) provide and iterator pair iterating\n",
+        "// over the xexpression broadcasted to the prescrived shape in a row-major fashion\n",
+        "std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {3, 2, 2};\n",
+        "std::cout << std::accumulate(frand.begin(shape), frand.end(shape), 0.0);"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {},
+      "source": [
+        "# ![xtensor-blas](images/xtensor-blas.png)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "<center>Blas bindings for xtensor.</center>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "`xtensor-blas` is an extension to the xtensor library, offering bindings to BLAS and LAPACK libraries \n",
+        "through cxxblas and cxxlapack from the [FLENS](https://github.com/michael-lehn/FLENS) project.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "`xtensor-blas` currently provides non-broadcasting `dot`, `norm` (1- and 2-norm for vectors), `inverse`, `solve`,\n",
+        "`eig`, `cross`, `det`, `slogdet`, `matrix_rank`, `inv`, `cholesky`, `qr`, `svd` in the `xt::linalg` namespace (check the corresponding `xlinalg.hpp` header for the function signatures). The functions, and signatures, are trying to be 1-to-1 equivalent to NumPy.\n",
+        "Low-level functions to interface with BLAS or LAPACK with xtensor containers are also offered \n",
+        "in the `blas` and `lapack` namespace.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "`xtensor` and `xtensor-blas` require a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C++ compilers are supported:\n",
+        "\n",
+        " - On Windows platforms, Visual C++ 2015 Update 2, or more recent\n",
+        " - On Unix platforms, gcc 4.9 or a recent version of Clang"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "#include \"xtensor-blas/xlinalg.hpp\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xtensor<double, 2> m = {{1.5, 0.5}, {0.7, 1.0}};"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "std::cout << \"Matrix rank: \" << std::endl << xt::linalg::matrix_rank(m);"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "std::cout << \"Matrix inverse: \" << std::endl << xt::linalg::inv(m);"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "std::cout << \"Eigen values: \" << std::endl << xt::linalg::eigvals(m);"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {},
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "xt::xarray<double> arg1 = xt::arange<double>(9);\n",
+        "xt::xarray<double> arg2 = xt::arange<double>(18);\n",
+        "arg1.reshape({3, 3});\n",
+        "arg2.reshape({2, 3, 3});\n",
+        "std::cout << xt::linalg::dot(arg1, arg2) << std::endl;"
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "metadata": {
+    "kernelspec": {
+      "display_name": "C++14",
+      "language": "C++14",
+      "name": "xcpp14"
+    },
+    "language_info": {
+      "version": "-std=c++14",
+      "codemirror_mode": "text/x-c++src",
+      "file_extension": ".cpp",
+      "mimetype": "text/x-c++src",
+      "name": "c++"
+    }
+  },
+  "nbformat": 4,
+  "nbformat_minor": 4
 }

From 4c1c2908603eb387bdc78c7560f1a0c501a8fcf6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thibault Hallouin <thibhlln@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2023 14:01:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 491/606] add possibility to use `std::stable_sort` with
 `xt::argsort` (#2681)

---
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 94 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 test/test_xsort.cpp       | 46 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index fe2053fd7..98bced0ef 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -266,30 +266,76 @@ namespace xt
         );
     }
 
+    /*****************************
+     * Implementation of argsort *
+     *****************************/
+
+    /**
+     * Sorting method.
+     * Predefined methods for performing indirect sorting.
+     * @see argsort(const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t, sorting_method)
+     */
+    enum class sorting_method
+    {
+        /**
+         *  Faster method but with no guarantee on preservation of order of equal elements
+         *  https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/sort.
+         */
+        quick,
+        /**
+         *  Slower method but with guarantee on preservation of order of equal elements
+         *  https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/stable_sort.
+         */
+        stable,
+    };
+
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt, class Compare>
-        inline void
-        argsort_iter(ConstRandomIt data_begin, ConstRandomIt data_end, RandomIt idx_begin, RandomIt idx_end, Compare comp)
+        template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt, class Compare, class Method>
+        inline void argsort_iter(
+            ConstRandomIt data_begin,
+            ConstRandomIt data_end,
+            RandomIt idx_begin,
+            RandomIt idx_end,
+            Compare comp,
+            Method method
+        )
         {
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(data_begin, data_end) >= 0);
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::distance(idx_begin, idx_end) == std::distance(data_begin, data_end));
             (void) idx_end;  // TODO(C++17) [[maybe_unused]] only used in assertion.
 
             std::iota(idx_begin, idx_end, 0);
-            std::sort(
-                idx_begin,
-                idx_end,
-                [&](const auto i, const auto j)
+            switch (method)
+            {
+                case (sorting_method::quick):
                 {
-                    return comp(*(data_begin + i), *(data_begin + j));
+                    std::sort(
+                        idx_begin,
+                        idx_end,
+                        [&](const auto i, const auto j)
+                        {
+                            return comp(*(data_begin + i), *(data_begin + j));
+                        }
+                    );
                 }
-            );
+                case (sorting_method::stable):
+                {
+                    std::stable_sort(
+                        idx_begin,
+                        idx_end,
+                        [&](const auto i, const auto j)
+                        {
+                            return comp(*(data_begin + i), *(data_begin + j));
+                        }
+                    );
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt>
+        template <class ConstRandomIt, class RandomIt, class Method>
         inline void
-        argsort_iter(ConstRandomIt data_begin, ConstRandomIt data_end, RandomIt idx_begin, RandomIt idx_end)
+        argsort_iter(ConstRandomIt data_begin, ConstRandomIt data_end, RandomIt idx_begin, RandomIt idx_end, Method method)
         {
             return argsort_iter(
                 std::move(data_begin),
@@ -299,7 +345,8 @@ namespace xt
                 [](const auto& x, const auto& y) -> bool
                 {
                     return x < y;
-                }
+                },
+                method
             );
         }
 
@@ -359,8 +406,8 @@ namespace xt
                 typename T::temporary_type>::type;
         };
 
-        template <class E, class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<E>::type>
-        inline auto flatten_argsort_impl(const xexpression<E>& e)
+        template <class E, class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<E>::type, class Method>
+        inline auto flatten_argsort_impl(const xexpression<E>& e, Method method)
         {
             const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
 
@@ -372,16 +419,17 @@ namespace xt
             result_type result;
             result.resize({de.size()});
 
-            detail::argsort_iter(de.cbegin(), de.cend(), result.begin(), result.end());
+            detail::argsort_iter(de.cbegin(), de.cend(), result.begin(), result.end(), method);
 
             return result;
         }
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    inline auto argsort(const xexpression<E>& e, placeholders::xtuph /*t*/)
+    inline auto
+    argsort(const xexpression<E>& e, placeholders::xtuph /*t*/, sorting_method method = sorting_method::quick)
     {
-        return detail::flatten_argsort_impl(e);
+        return detail::flatten_argsort_impl(e, method);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -393,11 +441,15 @@ namespace xt
      * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e xexpression to argsort
      * @param axis axis along which argsort is performed
+     * @param method sorting algorithm to use
      *
      * @return argsorted index array
+     *
+     * @see xt::sorting_method
      */
     template <class E>
-    inline auto argsort(const xexpression<E>& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+    inline auto
+    argsort(const xexpression<E>& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1, sorting_method method = sorting_method::quick)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
         using result_type = typename detail::argsort_result_type<eval_type>::type;
@@ -408,12 +460,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         if (de.dimension() == 1)
         {
-            return detail::flatten_argsort_impl<E, result_type>(e);
+            return detail::flatten_argsort_impl<E, result_type>(e, method);
         }
 
-        const auto argsort = [](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto ev_end)
+        const auto argsort = [&method](auto res_begin, auto res_end, auto ev_begin, auto ev_end)
         {
-            detail::argsort_iter(ev_begin, ev_end, res_begin, res_end);
+            detail::argsort_iter(ev_begin, ev_end, res_begin, res_end, method);
         };
 
         if (ax == detail::leading_axis(de))
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index 8082424a5..6e827466a 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -128,6 +128,52 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xsort, argsort_stable)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<int> a = {
+            2247,  2044, 2037, 1825, 1699, 1600, 1501, 1432, 1440, 1388, 1299, 1259,  1211, 1177, 1124, 1121,
+            1399,  1179, 1102, 1055, 1017, 1001, 979,  953,  925,  927,  1899, 4782,  2601, 3050, 1998, 3478,
+            5762,  8745, 7777, 4086, 2968, 2456, 2138, 3199, 7187, 7165, 3942, 11588, 4643, 3618, 3184, 6052,
+            3723,  3356, 2645, 2330, 2103, 1928, 1890, 3624, 3647, 5821, 2949, 4161,  3855, 5200, 3162, 3896,
+            19818, 5228, 3711, 4874, 4868, 4267, 2978, 2748, 2500, 2276, 2107, 1969,  1815, 1714, 1649, 1561,
+            1491,  1428, 1347, 1288, 1245, 1207, 1163, 1189, 1558, 1313, 1186, 1147,  1143, 1099, 1036, 1008,
+            982,   953,  924,  899,  880,  858,  836,  818,  791,  762,  742,  720,   701,  685,  674,  658,
+            643,   625,  609,  602,  594,  594,  625,  616,  707,  759,  929,  755,   684,  737,  804,  680,
+            639,   620,  706,  2474, 1406, 2686, 2037, 1410, 1130, 992,  901,  847,   798,  766,  750,  2793,
+            1574,  1087, 960,  883,  823,  782,  755,  730,  705,  677,  744,  932,   770,  794,  804,  728,
+            721,   765,  826,  795,  784,  875,  711,  795,  2295, 1265, 1115, 936,   817,  742,  713,  680,
+            647,   647,  671,  651,  692,  605,  576,  612,  564,  536,  526,  516,   506,  494,  473,  459,
+            451,   450,  441,  428,  430,  453,  467,  444,  413,  390,  376,  373,   368,  360,  359,  351,
+            348,   345,  343,  340,  337,  341,  529,  476,  448,  397,  367,  354,   342,  332,  320,  324,
+            327,   332,  340,  359,  331,  382,  371,  356,  333,  318,  316,  318,   312,  308,  300,  298,
+            399,   448,  669,  534,  402,  384,  361,  347,  337,  342,  349,  339,   333,  325,  324,  326,
+            324,   322,  320,  318,  322,  327,  327,  333,  329,  333,  353,  436,   516,  412,  402,  398,
+            551,   449,  416,  484,  801,  537,  457,  483,  534,  477,  483,  582,   575,  557,  504,  477,
+            515,   643,  627,  627,  546,  515,  497,  577,  1439, 1198, 1591, 1815,  1448, 1117, 960,  847,
+            809,   788,  749,  896,  870,  801,  752};
+
+        xt::xarray<std::size_t> ex = {
+            239, 238, 237, 236, 234, 233, 235, 259, 222, 258, 257, 260, 223, 254, 256, 253, 255, 224, 261,
+            262, 264, 228, 221, 225, 232, 252, 263, 265, 212, 248, 251, 211, 226, 213, 220, 249, 210, 209,
+            247, 208, 250, 207, 266, 219, 231, 206, 227, 205, 246, 218, 204, 230, 203, 202, 229, 245, 201,
+            217, 271, 240, 244, 270, 269, 200, 274, 195, 196, 267, 194, 199, 216, 241, 273, 193, 192, 197,
+            278, 191, 198, 190, 215, 281, 287, 279, 282, 275, 189, 294, 286, 188, 288, 293, 187, 268, 186,
+            214, 243, 280, 185, 277, 292, 272, 285, 184, 284, 182, 295, 283, 116, 117, 115, 181, 114, 183,
+            119, 129, 113, 118, 290, 291, 128, 112, 289, 176, 177, 179, 111, 242, 178, 110, 153, 127, 175,
+            124, 109, 180, 108, 152, 130, 120, 166, 174, 107, 160, 159, 151, 125, 106, 173, 154, 306, 142,
+            310, 123, 150, 121, 105, 161, 141, 156, 149, 164, 305, 104, 157, 163, 167, 140, 276, 309, 126,
+            158, 304, 172, 103, 148, 162, 102, 139, 303, 101, 308, 165, 100, 147, 307, 99,  138, 98,  24,
+            25,  122, 155, 171, 23,  97,  146, 302, 22,  96,  137, 21,  95,  20,  94,  19,  145, 93,  18,
+            170, 301, 15,  14,  136, 92,  91,  86,  13,  17,  90,  87,  297, 85,  12,  84,  11,  169, 83,
+            10,  89,  82,  9,   16,  132, 135, 81,  7,   296, 8,   300, 80,  6,   88,  79,  144, 298, 5,
+            78,  4,   77,  76,  299, 3,   54,  26,  53,  75,  30,  2,   134, 1,   52,  74,  38,  0,   73,
+            168, 51,  37,  131, 72,  28,  50,  133, 71,  143, 58,  36,  70,  29,  62,  46,  39,  49,  31,
+            45,  55,  56,  66,  48,  60,  63,  42,  35,  59,  69,  44,  27,  68,  67,  61,  65,  32,  57,
+            47,  41,  40,  34,  33,  43,  64};
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(ex, xt::argsort(a, {0}, xt::sorting_method::stable));
+    }
+
     TEST(xsort, sort_easy)
     {
         xarray<double> a = {{5, 3, 1}, {4, 4, 4}};

From 44b56bbae2185ebf19e6f617ac5690344b9e35a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 20:49:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 492/606] Release 0.24.7

---
 README.md                          | 11 +++++++++--
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5d482c2ef..8f70ee24c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -96,8 +96,15 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^10.0.0      |
-|  0.24.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^10.0.0     |
+|  0.24.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
+|  0.24.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
+|  0.24.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
+|  0.24.4   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
+|  0.24.3   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  0.24.2   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  0.24.1   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
+|  0.24.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^8.0.3      |
 |  0.23.x   | ^0.7.0  |       ^7.4.8      |
 |  0.22.0   | ^0.6.23 |       ^7.4.8      |
 
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index b94c3b80a..0083461b6 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,28 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.24.7
+------
+
+- Adjust version of required xsimd in README
+  `# 2670 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2670`
+- Add CI through github actions.
+  `# 2692 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2692`
+- Added unwrap
+  `# 2710 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2710`
+- Removed repeated work from ci-extra build
+  `# 2711 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2711`
+- Removed bad macro definitions
+  `# 2712 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2712`
+- Fixing some iterator issues
+  `# 2564 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2564`
+- Fixed static analysis build
+  `# 2720 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2720`
+- Support external linkage for "recurser_run"
+  `# 2714 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2714`
+- add possibility to use std::stable_sort with xt::argsort
+  `# 2681 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2681`
+
 0.24.6
 ------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 96b3050c9..184106289 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 6
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 7
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 283f2b8375215fc05da9f91a1e7f16e5f75cf238 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bredej <bredej@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 14:48:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 493/606] Fix conversion warning in xrepeat (#2732)

---
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index 09c792bdd..d16125530 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -263,7 +263,9 @@ namespace xt
         , m_shape(e.shape())
     {
         using shape_value_type = typename shape_type::value_type;
-        m_shape[axis] = static_cast<shape_value_type>(std::accumulate(m_repeats.begin(), m_repeats.end(), 0));
+        m_shape[axis] = static_cast<shape_value_type>(
+            std::accumulate(m_repeats.begin(), m_repeats.end(), shape_value_type(0))
+        );
     }
 
     /**

From 7445569191b7355b5e11db28b7568b94604f2842 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Oct 2023 06:17:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 494/606] Fixed RTD build

---
 docs/rtd_environment.yml | 5 +++--
 readthedocs.yml          | 9 ++++++++-
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/rtd_environment.yml b/docs/rtd_environment.yml
index b59199a2c..114c292d0 100644
--- a/docs/rtd_environment.yml
+++ b/docs/rtd_environment.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 name: xtensor-docs
 
 channels:
-- conda-forge
+  - conda-forge
 
 dependencies:
-- breathe
+  - breathe
+  - sphinx_rtd_theme
diff --git a/readthedocs.yml b/readthedocs.yml
index 03c0ad19a..6cc465c9b 100644
--- a/readthedocs.yml
+++ b/readthedocs.yml
@@ -1,2 +1,9 @@
+version: 2
+
+build:
+  os: "ubuntu-22.04"
+  tools:
+    python: "mambaforge-22.9"
+
 conda:
-  file: docs/rtd_environment.yml
+  environment: docs/rtd_environment.yml

From 77a650a8018e0be6fcc76bf66685ff352ae23ef1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Oct 2023 06:26:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 495/606] Upraded to xsimd 11

---
 CMakeLists.txt      | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 753564931..693be0142 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB AND XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 10.0.0)
+    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 11.0.0)
     if(TARGET xsimd)
         set(xsimd_VERSION ${XSIMD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_MINOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_PATCH})
         # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index efb744249..81dd49ab0 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ channels:
 dependencies:
 - cmake
 - xtl=0.7.5
-- xsimd=10.0.0
+- xsimd=11.1.0
 - nlohmann_json
 - doctest=2.4.7
 - pre-commit

From acb0ff8e86b71812333ec7c9ead4e7d91e1a0b56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Oct 2023 06:31:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 496/606] Fixed linter

---
 docs/rtd_environment.yml | 6 +++---
 readthedocs.yml          | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/rtd_environment.yml b/docs/rtd_environment.yml
index 114c292d0..54fb700ca 100644
--- a/docs/rtd_environment.yml
+++ b/docs/rtd_environment.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 name: xtensor-docs
 
 channels:
-  - conda-forge
+- conda-forge
 
 dependencies:
-  - breathe
-  - sphinx_rtd_theme
+- breathe
+- sphinx_rtd_theme
diff --git a/readthedocs.yml b/readthedocs.yml
index 6cc465c9b..f21130321 100644
--- a/readthedocs.yml
+++ b/readthedocs.yml
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 version: 2
 
 build:
-  os: "ubuntu-22.04"
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
   tools:
-    python: "mambaforge-22.9"
+    python: mambaforge-22.9
 
 conda:
   environment: docs/rtd_environment.yml

From 9bc3b2c8615abd5e862a46981c1b33415628c22b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2023 09:43:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 497/606] Fixed jQuery not loadded issue on RTD

---
 docs/source/conf.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 84175cb43..4f5fffb67 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 def setup(app):
     app.add_css_file("main_stylesheet.css")
 
-extensions = ['breathe']
+extensions = ['breathe', 'sphinx_rtd_theme']
 breathe_projects = { 'xtensor': '../xml' }
 breathe_default_project = "xtensor"
 templates_path = ['_templates']

From 2afa7d0bc5a401f24534ff212451a3b2925d060b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2023 12:52:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 498/606] Update xtensor_config.hpp

Updated to allow overriding of alignment
---
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index 184106289..b94c89c52 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 #else
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
 
-#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XSIMD_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>
+#define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) xsimd::aligned_allocator<T, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT>
 #else
 #define XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(T) std::allocator<T>
 #endif

From 82bf5cb13edbac7f61218bcfb9ca18a70bdad32c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2023 09:59:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 499/606] Removed failing test `xinfo` on clang 16 (#2740)

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml           |  1 +
 .github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml | 14 ++++----------
 test/test_xinfo.cpp                |  5 +++++
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 123e03987..749307808 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ jobs:
         environment-file: environment-dev.yml
         extra-specs: |
           sel(win): ninja
+          sel(win): tbb-devel
 
     - name: Configure using CMake
       if: runner.os != 'Windows'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
index ee4083707..6fc2e0d5f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ jobs:
         - {name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
         - {name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
         - {name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+        - {name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+
 
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -32,14 +34,6 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Set conda environment
-      if: ${{ matrix.sys.name != 'tbb' }}
-      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
-      with:
-        environment-name: myenv
-        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-
-    - name: Set conda environment
-      if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'tbb' }}
       uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
       with:
         environment-name: myenv
@@ -56,11 +50,11 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Build
       working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build .
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
 
     - name: Run tests
       working-directory: build
-      run: ctest --output-on-failure
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
 
   clang:
 
diff --git a/test/test_xinfo.cpp b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
index 964365001..76e664bde 100644
--- a/test/test_xinfo.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
@@ -25,11 +25,16 @@ namespace xt
         ss << info(test) << std::endl;
     }
 
+    // See https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/issues/2694
     TEST(xinfo, typename)
     {
         xarray<double> test = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         auto t_s = type_to_string<typename decltype(test)::value_type>();
         std::string expected = "double";
+#if defined(__clang__)
+        WARN_EQ(expected, t_s);
+#else
         EXPECT_EQ(expected, t_s);
+#endif
     }
 }

From 4beafb64353ba903ad6bd847a6e82163db8e614a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2023 16:06:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 500/606] [CI] Switching to `mamba-org/setup-micromamba`
 (#2742)

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml           |  89 ++++++++++++++++++++-----
 .github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml | 103 -----------------------------
 2 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 749307808..c87df8d70 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
 
+
   linux:
 
     strategy:
@@ -18,12 +19,17 @@ jobs:
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '15', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '16', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
+        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
+        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
 
     defaults:
       run:
-        shell: bash -l {0}
+        shell: bash -e -l {0}
 
-    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }}${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
     steps:
 
@@ -56,10 +62,14 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Set conda environment
-      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
       with:
         environment-name: myenv
         environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+        create-args: |
+          ${{ (matrix.sys.name == 'tbb' || matrix.sys.name == 'xsimd-tbb' ) && 'tbb-devel' || '' }}
 
     - name: Configure using CMake
       run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
@@ -76,43 +86,90 @@ jobs:
       working-directory: build
       run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
 
-  default:
+
+  macos:
 
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        runs-on: [macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        runs-on: [macos-latest]
 
     defaults:
       run:
-        shell: bash -l {0}
+        shell: bash -e -l {0}
 
     name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • default - default
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
     steps:
 
-    - name: Setup MSVC
-      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
-      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-
     - name: Checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Set conda environment
-      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
       with:
         environment-name: myenv
         environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-        extra-specs: |
-          sel(win): ninja
-          sel(win): tbb-devel
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
 
     - name: Configure using CMake
-      if: runner.os != 'Windows'
       run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON
 
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
+
+  windows:
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        runs-on: [windows-latest]
+        sys:
+        - {compiler: default}
+        - {compiler: clang}
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash -e -l {0}
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} - default
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Setup MSVC
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'default'
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+
+    - name: Setup clang
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang'
+      run: |
+        echo "CC=clang" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "CXX=clang++" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+        create-args: |
+          ninja
+
     - name: Configure using CMake
-      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
       run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
 
     - name: Install
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 6fc2e0d5f..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/ci_extended.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-name: Extra CI
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches: [master]
-
-jobs:
-
-  linux:
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
-        sys:
-        - {name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
-        - {name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
-        - {name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
-        - {name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
-        - {name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
-
-
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • default - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
-    steps:
-
-    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-    - name: Set conda environment
-      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
-      with:
-        environment-name: myenv
-        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-        extra-specs: |
-          tbb-devel
-
-    - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
-
-    - name: Install
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --install .
-
-    - name: Build
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
-
-    - name: Run tests
-      working-directory: build
-      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
-
-  clang:
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        runs-on: [windows-latest]
-
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • clang - default
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
-    steps:
-
-    - name: Setup clang
-      run: |
-        echo "CC=clang" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo "CXX=clang++" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-    - name: Set conda environment
-      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
-      with:
-        environment-name: myenv
-        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-        extra-specs: |
-          sel(win): ninja
-
-    - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
-
-    - name: Install
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --install .
-
-    - name: Build
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
-
-    - name: Run tests
-      working-directory: build
-      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure

From 0293595ac83b23208b9a613c584f5cd6c6fcbbd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2023 11:16:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 501/606] Bump cmake version to minimum backwards compatibility

---
 CMakeLists.txt           | 2 +-
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt      | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 693be0142..92c886dfc 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 412d03644..c5fa3c407 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-benchmark)
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index e6331f759..46127597e 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test CXX)

From 02e1801b1a7f53fe1edb75802de4155f80f6714b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2023 18:15:07 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 502/606] Force Release Build

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c87df8d70..ae11f8c5c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
           ninja
 
     - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
 
     - name: Install
       working-directory: build

From 363507def38260998cab9b3fe2098ef51b5da5b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2023 18:57:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 503/606] Update readme to fix broken link

---
 README.md | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8f70ee24c..c98905996 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # ![xtensor](docs/source/xtensor.svg)
 
 [![GithubActions](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
-[![GithubActions](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci_extended.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci_extended.yaml)
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)

From 5f49f6407501474cad622f9f16da172ab3717de3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Nov 2023 04:43:25 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 504/606] Bump cmake version and resolve build issues (#2744)

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 CMakeLists.txt           | 2 +-
 README.md                | 1 -
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt      | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c87df8d70..ae11f8c5c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
           ninja
 
     - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
 
     - name: Install
       working-directory: build
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 693be0142..92c886dfc 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8f70ee24c..c98905996 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # ![xtensor](docs/source/xtensor.svg)
 
 [![GithubActions](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
-[![GithubActions](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci_extended.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci_extended.yaml)
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)
diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 412d03644..c5fa3c407 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-benchmark)
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index e6331f759..46127597e 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test CXX)

From e823ea6c75c3f031402c63d6fc2cff3af42274a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Tue, 14 Nov 2023 21:03:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 505/606] Added dimension deduction for -1 shape parameters

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml          |  2 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                    |  2 +-
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt          |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 test/CMakeLists.txt               |  2 +-
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp       | 27 +++++++----
 6 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c87df8d70..ae11f8c5c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
           ninja
 
     - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
 
     - name: Install
       working-directory: build
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 693be0142..92c886dfc 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 412d03644..c5fa3c407 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-benchmark)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 35689774c..2b003dea3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -807,6 +807,66 @@ namespace xt
         );
     }
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        // if shape is signed do the check
+        template <class S, class R>
+        using do_shape_recalculation = std::
+            enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, R>;
+
+        // if shape is unsigned pass through
+        template <class S, class R>
+        using no_shape_recalculation = std::
+            enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, R>;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        inline no_shape_recalculation<T, T> make_unsigned_shape(T shape)
+        {
+            return shape;
+        }
+
+        template <typename S, typename Enable = void>
+        struct rebind_shape;
+
+        template <class S>
+        struct rebind_shape<S, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>>::value>>
+        {
+            using Shape = S;
+        };
+
+        template <class S>
+        struct rebind_shape<S, std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>>::value>>
+        {
+            using Shape = rebind_container_t<size_t, S>;
+        };
+
+        template <class S, do_shape_recalculation<S, bool> = true>
+        inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t size)
+        {
+            using value_type = get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>;
+            auto iter = std::find(shape.begin(), shape.end(), -1);
+            if (iter != std::end(shape))
+            {
+                const auto total = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1, std::multiplies<int>{});
+                const auto missing_dimension = size / total;
+                (*iter) = static_cast<value_type>(missing_dimension);
+            }
+            return shape;
+        }
+
+        template <class S, no_shape_recalculation<S, bool> = true>
+        inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t)
+        {
+            return shape;
+        }
+
+        template <class S>
+        inline auto recalculate_shape(S&& shape, size_t size)
+        {
+            return recalculate_shape_impl(shape, size);
+        }
+    }
+
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class S>
     inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, S&& shape)
     {
@@ -815,18 +875,26 @@ namespace xt
             "traversal has to be row or column major"
         );
 
-        using shape_type = std::decay_t<S>;
-        get_strides_t<shape_type> strides;
+        using shape_type = std::decay_t<decltype(shape)>;
+        using unsigned_shape_type = typename detail::rebind_shape<shape_type>::Shape;
+        get_strides_t<unsigned_shape_type> strides;
 
+        detail::recalculate_shape(shape, e.size());
         xt::resize_container(strides, shape.size());
         compute_strides(shape, L, strides);
         constexpr auto computed_layout = std::decay_t<E>::static_layout == L ? L : layout_type::dynamic;
         using view_type = xstrided_view<
             xclosure_t<E>,
-            shape_type,
+            unsigned_shape_type,
             computed_layout,
             detail::flat_adaptor_getter<xclosure_t<E>, L>>;
-        return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(shape), std::move(strides), 0, e.layout());
+        return view_type(
+            std::forward<E>(e),
+            xtl::forward_sequence<unsigned_shape_type, S>(shape),
+            std::move(strides),
+            0,
+            e.layout()
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -858,7 +926,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L = XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL, class E, class I, std::size_t N>
     inline auto reshape_view(E&& e, const I (&shape)[N])
     {
-        using shape_type = std::array<std::size_t, N>;
+        using shape_type = std::array<I, N>;
         return reshape_view<L>(std::forward<E>(e), xtl::forward_sequence<shape_type, decltype(shape)>(shape));
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index e6331f759..46127597e 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test CXX)
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index d327ba703..157a29a89 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -696,17 +696,20 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(av, e);
         EXPECT_EQ(av, a);
 
-        bool truthy;
-        truthy = std::is_same<
-            typename decltype(xv)::temporary_type,
-            xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 3>, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>();
-        EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
-
-        truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::temporary_type, xtensor<double, 2, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>(
+        static_assert(
+            std::is_same<
+                typename decltype(xv)::temporary_type,
+                xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 3>, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>::value,
+            "Container types do not match"
+        );
+        static_assert(
+            std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::temporary_type, xtensor<double, 2, XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>>::value,
+            "Container types do not match"
+        );
+        static_assert(
+            std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::shape_type, typename decltype(e)::shape_type>::value,
+            "Shape types do not match"
         );
-        EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
-        truthy = std::is_same<typename decltype(av)::shape_type, typename decltype(e)::shape_type>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(truthy);
 
         xarray<int> xa = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
         std::vector<std::size_t> new_shape = {3, 2};
@@ -714,6 +717,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<int> xres = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}};
         EXPECT_EQ(xrv, xres);
+
+        auto nv = xt::reshape_view<XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT>(a, {-1, 3});
+        std::vector<size_t> expected_shape({3, 3});
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(nv.shape().begin(), nv.shape().end(), expected_shape.begin()));
     }
 
     TEST(xstrided_view, reshape_view_assign)

From a35b0a2051b6232d427205b537829ff4f17e7280 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 08:29:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 506/606] Update include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp

Co-authored-by: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index 2b003dea3..ab122a50f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         struct rebind_shape<S, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>>::value>>
         {
-            using Shape = S;
+            using type = S;
         };
 
         template <class S>

From 4e67be40f9a43947a2b292fad60579106ca3d803 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 09:49:28 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 507/606] Addressed comments

---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 28 ++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index ab122a50f..f688a4138 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -809,22 +809,6 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        // if shape is signed do the check
-        template <class S, class R>
-        using do_shape_recalculation = std::
-            enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, R>;
-
-        // if shape is unsigned pass through
-        template <class S, class R>
-        using no_shape_recalculation = std::
-            enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, R>;
-
-        template <typename T>
-        inline no_shape_recalculation<T, T> make_unsigned_shape(T shape)
-        {
-            return shape;
-        }
-
         template <typename S, typename Enable = void>
         struct rebind_shape;
 
@@ -837,13 +821,16 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         struct rebind_shape<S, std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>>::value>>
         {
-            using Shape = rebind_container_t<size_t, S>;
+            using type = rebind_container_t<size_t, S>;
         };
 
-        template <class S, do_shape_recalculation<S, bool> = true>
+        template <class S, std::
+            enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
         inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t size)
         {
             using value_type = get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>;
+            const auto num_auto_dims = std::count(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(num_auto_dims <= 1);
             auto iter = std::find(shape.begin(), shape.end(), -1);
             if (iter != std::end(shape))
             {
@@ -854,7 +841,8 @@ namespace xt
             return shape;
         }
 
-        template <class S, no_shape_recalculation<S, bool> = true>
+        template <class S, std::
+            enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
         inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t)
         {
             return shape;
@@ -876,7 +864,7 @@ namespace xt
         );
 
         using shape_type = std::decay_t<decltype(shape)>;
-        using unsigned_shape_type = typename detail::rebind_shape<shape_type>::Shape;
+        using unsigned_shape_type = typename detail::rebind_shape<shape_type>::type;
         get_strides_t<unsigned_shape_type> strides;
 
         detail::recalculate_shape(shape, e.size());

From d0506d86a597e3d1ef8895b499bb60cfcdc3888d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 09:50:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 508/606] Ran pre-commit

---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 10 ++++++----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index f688a4138..ef276e23f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -824,8 +824,9 @@ namespace xt
             using type = rebind_container_t<size_t, S>;
         };
 
-        template <class S, std::
-            enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
+        template <
+            class S,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
         inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t size)
         {
             using value_type = get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>;
@@ -841,8 +842,9 @@ namespace xt
             return shape;
         }
 
-        template <class S, std::
-            enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
+        template <
+            class S,
+            std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
         inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t)
         {
             return shape;

From 444dbe5c31efe1a133491e2bf77ba587cc7dd81e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2023 08:17:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 509/606] Addressed comments

---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 9 +++------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index ef276e23f..c4a187a80 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -827,11 +827,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <
             class S,
             std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
-        inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t size)
+        inline void recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t size)
         {
             using value_type = get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>;
-            const auto num_auto_dims = std::count(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1);
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(num_auto_dims <= 1);
+            XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::count(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1) <= 1);
             auto iter = std::find(shape.begin(), shape.end(), -1);
             if (iter != std::end(shape))
             {
@@ -839,15 +838,13 @@ namespace xt
                 const auto missing_dimension = size / total;
                 (*iter) = static_cast<value_type>(missing_dimension);
             }
-            return shape;
         }
 
         template <
             class S,
             std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
-        inline auto recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t)
+        inline void recalculate_shape_impl(S&, size_t)
         {
-            return shape;
         }
 
         template <class S>

From aaa819e418f30e27d5eb3ee2084fc41c58c7f28b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2023 14:05:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 510/606] Specialized for fixed_shape<t>

---
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index c4a187a80..f16ace56d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -809,17 +809,17 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <typename S, typename Enable = void>
+        template <typename S>
         struct rebind_shape;
 
-        template <class S>
-        struct rebind_shape<S, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>>::value>>
+        template <std::size_t... X>
+        struct rebind_shape<xt::fixed_shape<X...>>
         {
-            using type = S;
+            using type = xt::fixed_shape<X...>;
         };
 
         template <class S>
-        struct rebind_shape<S, std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>>::value>>
+        struct rebind_shape
         {
             using type = rebind_container_t<size_t, S>;
         };

From 7008d9508e8242005a0aea15cd34575d8640cbc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Dec 2023 09:23:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 511/606] Fixing bug in `argmin`/`argmax` called with `axis` on
 rank-1 container (#2753)

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml  |  2 --
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp | 13 +++++++++++--
 test/test_xsort.cpp       |  8 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ae11f8c5c..ba9a1ed36 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
 
-
   linux:
 
     strategy:
@@ -86,7 +85,6 @@ jobs:
       working-directory: build
       run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
 
-
   macos:
 
     strategy:
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index 98bced0ef..d3d3cec27 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -1173,8 +1173,17 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto begin = e.template begin<L>();
                 auto end = e.template end<L>();
-                std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end)));
-                return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
+                // todo C++17 : constexpr
+                if (std::is_same<F, std::less<value_type>>::value)
+                {
+                    std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(begin, std::min_element(begin, end)));
+                    return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(begin, std::max_element(begin, end)));
+                    return xtensor<size_t, 0>{i};
+                }
             }
 
             result_shape_type alt_shape;
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index 6e827466a..c58f02db5 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -235,6 +235,10 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(ex, argmin(xa));
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_2, argmin(xa, 0));
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_3, argmin(xa, 1));
+
+        xtensor<double, 1> ya = {1, 0, 3, 2, 2};
+        EXPECT_EQ(1, argmin(ya)());
+        EXPECT_EQ(1, argmin(ya, 0)());
     }
 
     TEST(xsort, argmax)
@@ -263,6 +267,10 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<std::size_t, 2> ex_6 = {{0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}};
         EXPECT_EQ(ex_6, argmax(c, 1));
 
+        xtensor<double, 1> ya = {1, 0, 3, 2, 2};
+        EXPECT_EQ(2, argmax(ya)());
+        EXPECT_EQ(2, argmax(ya, 0)());
+
         // xtensor#2568
         xarray<double> d = {0, 1, 0};
         xtensor<size_t, 0> d_ex_1 = {1};

From cd06b35beeae43bea09a03f50bcda16b4fa4f6c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom de Geus <tdegeus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Dec 2023 09:24:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 512/606] pre-commit autoupdate (#2754)

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml                     |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp                  |  24 +-
 include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp      |   3 +-
 include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp              |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp                |  16 +-
 include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp              |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/xeval.hpp                   |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp             |  20 +-
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp               |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp           |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp              |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp             |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/xio.hpp                     |  16 +-
 include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp            |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp                   |  20 +-
 include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp                |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp                 |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/xslice.hpp                  |  20 +-
 include/xtensor/xsort.hpp                   |  18 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp           |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp      |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp         |  24 +-
 include/xtensor/xview.hpp                   |   8 +-
 test/test_common.hpp                        |  12 +-
 test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp       |  84 ++-
 test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp           |   6 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp         |  32 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp       |  21 +-
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp                | 728 ++++++--------------
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp                |  14 +-
 test/test_xaccumulator.cpp                  |  15 +-
 test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp                |   3 +-
 test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp          |   3 +-
 test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp            |   6 +-
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp                      |   3 +-
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp                      |  30 +-
 test/test_xdatesupport.cpp                  |   3 +-
 test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp                 |  15 +-
 test/test_xio.cpp                           |   6 +-
 test/test_xmath.cpp                         |   6 +-
 test/test_xmime.cpp                         |   4 +-
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp                |   3 +-
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                          |  12 +-
 test/test_xoperation.cpp                    |   7 +-
 test/test_xoptional.cpp                     |  12 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp            |  12 +-
 test/test_xpad.cpp                          |  31 +-
 test/test_xsimd8.cpp                        |   3 +-
 test/test_xsort.cpp                         |  28 +-
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp                 |  16 +-
 test/test_xview.cpp                         |  33 +-
 52 files changed, 621 insertions(+), 800 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 004718bd9..d67461681 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.4.0
+  rev: v4.5.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-added-large-files
   - id: check-case-conflict
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ repos:
   - id: remove-tabs
     args: [--whitespaces-count, '4']
 - repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v2.10.0
+  rev: v2.11.0
   hooks:
   - id: pretty-format-yaml
     args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
     types: [file]
     files: \.(yaml|yml|clang-format)
 - repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/cpp_comment_format
-  rev: v0.2.0
+  rev: v0.2.1
   hooks:
   - id: cpp_comment_format
 - repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/conda_envfile
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ repos:
     files: environment.yaml
 # Externally provided executables (so we can use them with editors as well).
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-  rev: v16.0.6
+  rev: v17.0.6
   hooks:
   - id: clang-format
     files: .*\.[hc]pp$
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
index 47ddc5b12..fbc7fb135 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Adapt a smart pointer to a typed memory block (unique_ptr or shared_ptr)
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
      * #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
      *
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ namespace xt
      * auto xptr = adapt_smart_ptr(sptr, shape);
      * xptr(1, 3) = 123.;
      * std::cout << xptr;
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param smart_ptr a smart pointer to a memory block of T[]
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ namespace xt
      * a given shape and operate naturally on it. Memory will be automatically
      * handled by the smart pointer implementation.
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
      * #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
      *
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ namespace xt
      *                                shape, std::move(unique_buf));
      *     std::cout << obj << std::endl;
      * }
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param data_ptr A pointer to a typed data block (e.g. double*)
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Adapt a smart pointer to a typed memory block (unique_ptr or shared_ptr)
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
      * #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
      *
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ namespace xt
      * auto xptr = adapt_smart_ptr(sptr, {4, 2});
      * xptr(1, 3) = 123.;
      * std::cout << xptr;
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param smart_ptr a smart pointer to a memory block of T[]
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ namespace xt
      * a given shape and operate naturally on it. Memory will be automatically
      * handled by the smart pointer implementation.
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
      * #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
      *
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ namespace xt
      *                                {2, 4}, std::move(unique_buf));
      *     std::cout << obj << std::endl;
      * }
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @param data_ptr A pointer to a typed data block (e.g. double*)
@@ -868,14 +868,14 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * Construct for example with:
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
      *
      * std::array<size_t, 2> shape = {2, 2};
      * std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4};
      *
      * xt::xtensor_pointer<double, 2> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), 4, xt::no_ownership(), shape);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @tparam T The data type (e.g. ``double``).
@@ -893,14 +893,14 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * Construct for example with:
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
      *
      * std::vector<int> data(4, 0);
      * xt::svector<size_t> shape({2, 2});
      *
      * xt::xarray_pointer<int> a = xt::adapt(data.data(), data.size(), xt::no_ownership(), shape);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xadapt
      * @tparam T The data type (e.g. ``double``).
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
index 1a709bae5..466efce7b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -213,7 +213,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
         return input_chunk_range_type{
             multiindex_iterator_begin<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end),
-            multiindex_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)};
+            multiindex_iterator_end<input_chunk_index_type>(input_chunks_begin, input_chunks_end)
+        };
     }
 
     template <class CT, class F, class X, class O>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
index c847970ad..798b9cc9d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class CT, class X>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 2302bbb96..5f21cd057 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -772,13 +772,13 @@ namespace xt
      * @param axis axis along which elements are concatenated
      * @returns xgenerator evaluating to concatenated elements
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {{2, 3, 4}};
      * xt::xarray<double> c = xt::concatenate(xt::xtuple(a, b)); // => {{1, 2, 3},
      *                                                           //     {2, 3, 4}}
      * xt::xarray<double> d = xt::concatenate(xt::xtuple(a, b), 1); // => {{1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class... CT>
     inline auto concatenate(std::tuple<CT...>&& t, std::size_t axis = 0)
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param axis axis along which elements are stacked
      * @returns xgenerator evaluating to stacked elements
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {5, 6, 7};
      * xt::xarray<double> s = xt::stack(xt::xtuple(a, b)); // => {{1, 2, 3},
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ namespace xt
      * xt::xarray<double> t = xt::stack(xt::xtuple(a, b), 1); // => {{1, 5},
      *                                                        //     {2, 6},
      *                                                        //     {3, 7}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class... CT>
     inline auto stack(std::tuple<CT...>&& t, std::size_t axis = 0)
@@ -1093,12 +1093,12 @@ namespace xt
      *               from which the diagonals should be taken.
      * @returns xexpression with values of the diagonal
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3},
      *                         {4, 5, 6}
      *                         {7, 8, 9}};
      * auto b = xt::diagonal(a); // => {1, 5, 9}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto diagonal(E&& arr, int offset = 0, std::size_t axis_1 = 0, std::size_t axis_2 = 1)
@@ -1145,12 +1145,12 @@ namespace xt
      * @param k the offset of the considered diagonal
      * @returns xexpression function with shape n x n and arr on the diagonal
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {1, 5, 9};
      * auto b = xt::diag(a); // => {{1, 0, 0},
      *                       //     {0, 5, 0},
      *                       //     {0, 0, 9}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto diag(E&& arr, int k = 0)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
index 9e0943a82..46dd0cf1b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -476,12 +476,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -506,12 +506,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -1080,11 +1080,11 @@ namespace xt
      * Reshapes the container and keeps old elements. The `shape` argument can have one of its value
      * equal to `-1`, in this case the value is inferred from the number of elements in the container
      * and the remaining values in the `shape`.
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<int> a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
      * a.reshape({-1, 4});
      * //a.shape() is {2, 4}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      * @param shape the new shape (has to have same number of elements as the original container)
      * @param layout the layout to compute the strides (defaults to static layout of the container,
      *               or for a container with dynamic layout to XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
index 05e5f07d4..69111f938 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Force evaluation of xexpression.
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
      * auto&& b = xt::eval(a); // b is a reference to a, no copy!
      * auto&& c = xt::eval(a + b); // c is xarray<double>, not an xexpression
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xeval
      * @return xt::xarray or xt::xtensor depending on shape type
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Force evaluation of xexpression not providing a data interface
      * and convert to the required layout.
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
      *
      * // take reference to a (no copy!)
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * // xarray<int> with the required layout
      * auto&& e = xt::as_strided<xt::layout_type::column_major>(a_cast);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @warning This function should be used in a local context only.
      *          Returning the value returned by this function could lead to a dangling reference.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
index a3f65ddd2..79fd7e4cd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
@@ -409,16 +409,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
-#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(name)                                 \
-    auto name() const->decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().name()) \
-    {                                                                      \
-        return m_ptr->name();                                              \
+#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(name)                                   \
+    auto name() const -> decltype(std::declval<xtl::constify_t<E>>().name()) \
+    {                                                                        \
+        return m_ptr->name();                                                \
     }
 
-#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(name)                \
-    auto name()->decltype(std::declval<E>().name()) \
-    {                                               \
-        return m_ptr->name();                       \
+#define XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(name)                  \
+    auto name() -> decltype(std::declval<E>().name()) \
+    {                                                 \
+        return m_ptr->name();                         \
     }
 
 #define XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(name)                                               \
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ namespace xt
      * For example, when a temporary expression needs to be used twice in another
      * expression, shared expressions can come to the rescue:
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * template <class E>
      * auto cos_plus_sin(xexpression<E>&& expr)
      * {
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ namespace xt
      *     std::cout << shared_expr.use_count() << std::endl; // Will print 3 because used twice in expression
      *     return result; // all valid because expr lifetime managed by xshared_expression / shared_ptr.
      * }
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class E>
     class xshared_expression : public xexpression<xshared_expression<E>>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 328db01f9..08a3dc1c1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -637,12 +637,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.unchecked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 232fb3d97..15cb8cea7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -786,12 +786,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.unchecked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -842,12 +842,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index 7a2e12b89..551bb7e24 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -276,12 +276,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      *  code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -380,10 +380,10 @@ namespace xt
      * Reshapes the generator and keeps old elements. The `shape` argument can have one of its value
      * equal to `-1`, in this case the value is inferred from the number of elements in the generator
      * and the remaining values in the `shape`.
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * auto a = xt::arange<double>(50).reshape({-1, 10});
      * //a.shape() is {5, 10}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      * @param shape the new shape (has to have same number of elements as the original generator)
      */
     template <class F, class R, class S>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
index cdedeffd2..67c122e75 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -772,13 +772,13 @@ namespace xt
      * @param e the underlying xexpression
      * @param indices the indices to select
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xarray<double> a = {{1,5,3}, {4,5,6}};
      * b = index_view(a, {{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}});
      * std::cout << b << std::endl; // {1, 4, 5}
      * b += 100;
      * std::cout << a << std::endl; // {{101, 5, 3}, {104, 105, 6}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class E, class I>
     inline auto index_view(E&& e, I&& indices) noexcept
@@ -807,11 +807,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param e the underlying xexpression
      * @param condition xexpression with shape of \a e which selects indices
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xarray<double> a = {{1,5,3}, {4,5,6}};
      * b = filter(a, a >= 5);
      * std::cout << b << std::endl; // {5, 5, 6}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * \sa filtration
      */
@@ -834,11 +834,11 @@ namespace xt
      * @param e the \ref xexpression to filter
      * @param condition the filtering \ref xexpression
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xarray<double> a = {{1,5,3}, {4,5,6}};
      * filtration(a, a >= 5) += 2;
      * std::cout << a << std::endl; // {{1, 7, 3}, {4, 7, 8}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class E, class C>
     inline auto filtration(E&& e, C&& condition) noexcept
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
index 9c0e597d6..24db5ac2d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
@@ -129,11 +129,11 @@ namespace xt
          * io manipulator used to set the width of the lines when printing
          * an expression.
          *
-         * \code{.cpp}
+         * @code{.cpp}
          * using po = xt::print_options;
          * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
          * std::cout << po::line_width(100) << a << std::endl;
-         * \endcode
+         * @endcode
          */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(line_width)
 
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ namespace xt
          * io manipulator used to set the threshold after which summarization is
          * triggered.
          *
-         * \code{.cpp}
+         * @code{.cpp}
          * using po = xt::print_options;
          * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
          * std::cout << po::threshold(50) << a << std::endl;
-         * \endcode
+         * @endcode
          */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(threshold)
 
@@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ namespace xt
          * io manipulator used to set the number of egde items if
          * the summarization is triggered.
          *
-         * \code{.cpp}
+         * @code{.cpp}
          * using po = xt::print_options;
          * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
          * std::cout << po::edge_items(5) << a << std::endl;
-         * \endcode
+         * @endcode
          */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(edge_items)
 
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ namespace xt
          * io manipulator used to set the precision of the floating point values
          * when printing an expression.
          *
-         * \code{.cpp}
+         * @code{.cpp}
          * using po = xt::print_options;
          * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::rand::randn<double>({2000, 500});
          * std::cout << po::precision(5) << a << std::endl;
-         * \endcode
+         * @endcode
          */
         DEFINE_LOCAL_PRINT_OPTION(precision)
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
index 5295b3136..3d4f48d59 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -423,12 +423,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class CTD, class CTM>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -449,12 +449,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class CTD, class CTM>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 1c7177a1b..6e32df15b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * This function can be used to easily create performant xfunctions from lambdas:
      *
-     * \code{cpp}
+     * @code{cpp}
      * template <class E1>
      * inline auto square(E1&& e1) noexcept
      * {
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ namespace xt
      *     };
      *     return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(fnct), std::forward<E1>(e1));
      * }
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * Lambda function allow the reusal of a single arguments in multiple places (otherwise
      * only correctly possible when using xshared_expressions). ``auto`` lambda functions are
@@ -3257,9 +3257,9 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using value_type = typename std::decay<E1>::type::value_type;
 
-            std::size_t const na = e1.size();
-            std::size_t const nv = e2.size();
-            std::size_t const n = na - nv + 1;
+            const std::size_t na = e1.size();
+            const std::size_t nv = e2.size();
+            const std::size_t n = na - nv + 1;
             xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({n});
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
             {
@@ -3276,14 +3276,14 @@ namespace xt
         {
             using value_type = typename std::decay<E1>::type::value_type;
 
-            std::size_t const na = e1.size();
-            std::size_t const nv = e2.size();
-            std::size_t const n = na + nv - 1;
+            const std::size_t na = e1.size();
+            const std::size_t nv = e2.size();
+            const std::size_t n = na + nv - 1;
             xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> out = xt::zeros<value_type>({n});
             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
             {
-                std::size_t const jmn = (i >= nv - 1) ? i - (nv - 1) : 0;
-                std::size_t const jmx = (i < na - 1) ? i : na - 1;
+                const std::size_t jmn = (i >= nv - 1) ? i - (nv - 1) : 0;
+                const std::size_t jmx = (i < na - 1) ? i : na - 1;
                 for (std::size_t j = jmn; j <= jmx; ++j)
                 {
                     out(i) += e1(j) * e2(i - j);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index bdc3f12bc..01ea3d76c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -540,12 +540,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -566,12 +566,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
index 432b8bed3..c92dd2aed 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
@@ -1533,12 +1533,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
index d16125530..7e61005a8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -327,12 +327,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class CT, class R>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
index 1f00f80e7..6a6ff7cc1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
@@ -244,11 +244,11 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * Note: ellipsis can only be used in strided_view!
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xarray<double> a = xarray<double>::from_shape({5, 5, 1, 1, 5});
      * auto v = xt::strided_view(a, {2, xt::ellipsis(), 2});
      * // equivalent to using {2, xt::all(), xt::all(), xt::all(), 2};
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @sa strided_view
      */
@@ -391,12 +391,12 @@ namespace xt
      * Create a non-contigous slice from a container of indices to keep.
      * Note: this slice cannot be used in the xstrided_view!
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::arange(9);
      * a.reshape({3, 3});
      * xt::view(a, xt::keep(0, 2); // => {{0, 1, 2}, {6, 7, 8}}
      * xt::view(a, xt::keep(1, 1, 1); // => {{3, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @param indices The indices container
      * @return instance of xkeep_slice
@@ -516,11 +516,11 @@ namespace xt
      * Create a non-contigous slice from a container of indices to drop.
      * Note: this slice cannot be used in the xstrided_view!
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::arange(9);
      * a.reshape({3, 3});
      * xt::view(a, xt::drop(0, 2); // => {{3, 4, 5}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @param indices The container of indices to drop
      * @return instance of xdrop_slice
@@ -804,13 +804,13 @@ namespace xt
      * Select a range from start_val to stop_val (excluded).
      * You can use the shorthand `_` syntax to select from the start or until the end.
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * using namespace xt::placeholders;  // to enable _ syntax
      *
      * range(3, _)  // select from index 3 to the end
      * range(_, 5)  // select from index 0 to 5 (excluded)
      * range(_, _)  // equivalent to `all()`
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @sa view, strided_view
      */
@@ -828,10 +828,10 @@ namespace xt
      * Select a range from start_val to stop_val (excluded) with step
      * You can use the shorthand `_` syntax to select from the start or until the end.
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * using namespace xt::placeholders;  // to enable _ syntax
      * range(3, _, 5)  // select from index 3 to the end with stepsize 5
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @sa view, strided_view
      */
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
index d3d3cec27..95591a798 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(e1.dimension() == e2.dimension());
 
             const std::size_t n_iters = leading_axis_n_iters(e1);
-            std::ptrdiff_t const secondary_stride1 = get_secondary_stride(e1);
-            std::ptrdiff_t const secondary_stride2 = get_secondary_stride(e2);
+            const std::ptrdiff_t secondary_stride1 = get_secondary_stride(e1);
+            const std::ptrdiff_t secondary_stride2 = get_secondary_stride(e2);
             XTENSOR_ASSERT(secondary_stride1 == secondary_stride2);
 
             const auto begin1 = e1.data();
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ namespace xt
                 return res;
             }
 
-            std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+            const std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
             if (ax == detail::leading_axis(e))
             {
                 R res = e;
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * This function uses ``std::nth_element`` internally.
      *
-     * \code{cpp}
+     * @code{cpp}
      * xt::xarray<float> a = {1, 10, -10, 123};
      * std::cout << xt::partition(a, 0) << std::endl; // {-10, 1, 123, 10} the correct entry at index 0
      * std::cout << xt::partition(a, 3) << std::endl; // {1, 10, -10, 123} the correct entry at index 3
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * This function uses ``std::nth_element`` internally.
      *
-     * \code{cpp}
+     * @code{cpp}
      * xt::xarray<float> a = {1, 10, -10, 123};
      * std::cout << xt::argpartition(a, 0) << std::endl; // {2, 0, 3, 1} the correct entry at index 0
      * std::cout << xt::argpartition(a, 3) << std::endl; // {0, 1, 2, 3} the correct entry at index 3
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ namespace xt
             );
         };
 
-        std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
+        const std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(de.dimension(), axis);
         if (ax == detail::leading_axis(de))
         {
             result_type res = result_type::from_shape(de.shape());
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E, class I>
         inline auto fancy_indexing(E&& e, const I& indices, std::ptrdiff_t axis)
         {
-            std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+            const std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
             using shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
             auto shape = xtl::forward_sequence<shape_t, decltype(e.shape())>(e.shape());
             shape[ax] = indices.size();
@@ -915,8 +915,8 @@ namespace xt
         using tmp_shape_t = get_strides_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type>;
         using id_t = typename tmp_shape_t::value_type;
 
-        std::size_t const ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
-        std::size_t const n = e.shape()[ax];
+        const std::size_t ax = normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+        const std::size_t n = e.shape()[ax];
         auto kth_gamma = detail::quantile_kth_gamma<T, id_t, P>(n, probas, alpha, beta);
 
         // Select relevant values for computing interpolating quantiles
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
index f16ace56d..a65f9467a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -770,21 +770,21 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return initialized strided_view according to slices
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
      * xt::xstrided_slice_vector sv({xt::range(0, 1)});
      * sv.push_back(xt::range(0, 3, 2));
      * auto v = xt::strided_view(a, sv);
      * // ==> {{1, 3}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * You can also achieve the same with the following short-hand syntax:
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
      * auto v = xt::strided_view(a, {xt::range(0, 1), xt::range(0, 3, 2)});
      * // ==> {{1, 3}}
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto strided_view(E&& e, const xstrided_slice_vector& slices)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index 7dd8f82de..9f3f8ef4c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -483,12 +483,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -510,12 +510,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.uncheked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class D>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
index c87707aa6..9f13d2cf6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
@@ -59,15 +59,15 @@ namespace xt
      * Alias template on xarray_container with default parameters for data container
      * type and shape / strides container type. This allows to write
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * instead of the heavier syntax
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray_container<std::vector<double>, std::vector<std::size_t>> a = ...
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @tparam T The value type of the elements.
      * @tparam L The layout_type of the xarray_container (default: XTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT).
@@ -118,15 +118,15 @@ namespace xt
      * Alias template on xtensor_container with default parameters for data container
      * type. This allows to write
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xtensor<double, 2> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * instead of the heavier syntax
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xtensor_container<std::vector<double>, 2> a = ...
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @tparam T The value type of the elements.
      * @tparam N The dimension of the tensor.
@@ -163,15 +163,15 @@ namespace xt
      * Alias template on xfixed_container with default parameters for layout
      * type. This allows to write
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<2, 2>> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * instead of the syntax
      *
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xfixed_container<double, xt::xshape<2, 2>, xt::layout_type::row_major> a = ...
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      *
      * @tparam T The value type of the elements.
      * @tparam FSH A xshape template shape.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
index a30b85f99..497301941 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
@@ -1062,12 +1062,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.unchecked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class... Args>
@@ -1115,12 +1115,12 @@ namespace xt
      * it is possible.
      * @warning This method is NOT compatible with broadcasting, meaning the following
      * code has undefined behavior:
-     * \code{.cpp}
+     * @code{.cpp}
      * xt::xarray<double> a = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}};
      * xt::xarray<double> b = {0, 1};
      * auto fd = a + b;
      * double res = fd.unchecked(0, 1);
-     * \endcode
+     * @endcode
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class... Args>
diff --git a/test/test_common.hpp b/test/test_common.hpp
index 851a5732c..ceb6cb3f4 100644
--- a/test/test_common.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common.hpp
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             this->m_strides = {8, 4, 1};
             this->m_backstrides = {16, 4, 3};
-            this->m_data = {
-                -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
+            this->m_data = {-1, 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11,
+                            12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
             this->m_layout = layout_type::row_major;
         }
     };
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             this->m_strides = {1, 3, 6};
             this->m_backstrides = {2, 3, 18};
-            this->m_data = {
-                -1, 8, 16, 4, 12, 20, 1, 9, 17, 5, 13, 21, 2, 10, 18, 6, 14, 22, 3, 11, 19, 7, 15, 23};
+            this->m_data = {-1, 8,  16, 4, 12, 20, 1, 9,  17, 5, 13, 21,
+                            2,  10, 18, 6, 14, 22, 3, 11, 19, 7, 15, 23};
             this->m_layout = layout_type::column_major;
         }
     };
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ namespace xt
         {
             this->m_strides = {8, 1, 2};
             this->m_backstrides = {16, 1, 6};
-            this->m_data = {
-                -1, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 8, 12, 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15, 16, 20, 17, 21, 18, 22, 19, 23};
+            this->m_data = {-1, 4,  1,  5,  2,  6,  3,  7,  8,  12, 9,  13,
+                            10, 14, 11, 15, 16, 20, 17, 21, 18, 22, 19, 23};
             this->m_layout = layout_type::dynamic;
         }
     };
diff --git a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
index 5490d026a..a667cffb4 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
@@ -36,12 +36,14 @@ namespace xt
             {7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13.},
             {14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20.},
             {21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27.},
-            {28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34.}};
+            {28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34.}
+        };
         // py_av0 = a[:-2, ::-1]
         xarray<double> py_av0 = {
             {6., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., 0.},
             {13., 12., 11., 10., 9., 8., 7.},
-            {20., 19., 18., 17., 16., 15., 14.}};
+            {20., 19., 18., 17., 16., 15., 14.}
+        };
         auto av0 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | _ | -2, _r | _ | _ | -1});
         EXPECT_EQ(av0, py_av0);
         // py_av1 = a[::-1, ::-1]
@@ -50,7 +52,8 @@ namespace xt
             {27., 26., 25., 24., 23., 22., 21.},
             {20., 19., 18., 17., 16., 15., 14.},
             {13., 12., 11., 10., 9., 8., 7.},
-            {6., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., 0.}};
+            {6., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., 0.}
+        };
         auto av1 = xt::strided_view(py_a, {_r | _ | _ | -1, _r | _ | _ | -1});
         EXPECT_EQ(av1, py_av1);
         // py_av2 = a[1:-3, -3:2:-1]
@@ -84,7 +87,8 @@ namespace xt
             {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13},
             {14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20},
             {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
-            {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}};
+            {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}
+        };
         strided_view(py_a0, {_r | 0 | -2}) += strided_view(py_a0, {{_r | _ | 3 | -1}});
         // py_a
         xarray<long> py_a = {
@@ -92,7 +96,8 @@ namespace xt
             {35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47},
             {42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54},
             {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
-            {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}};
+            {28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0, py_a);
         strided_view(py_a0, {_r | _ | _ | -2}) += strided_view(py_a0, {_r | _ | _ | 2});
         // py_at
@@ -101,7 +106,8 @@ namespace xt
             {35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47},
             {84, 88, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108},
             {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27},
-            {56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74}};
+            {56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0, py_at);
     }
 
@@ -129,7 +135,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}},
 
-            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}
+        };
         // py_a2
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {
             {{{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}},
@@ -140,7 +147,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}},
 
-             {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}}};
+             {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}}
+        };
         // py_b1
         xarray<long> py_b1 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
         // py_b2
@@ -436,7 +444,8 @@ namespace xt
                0.7982951789667752,
                0.6499639307777652,
                0.7019668772577033,
-               0.795792669436101}}}};
+               0.795792669436101}}}
+        };
         xt::xarray<long> a1_a2 = py_a1 + py_a2;
         // py_a1_a2
         xarray<long> py_a1_a2 = {
@@ -448,7 +457,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54}},
 
-             {{56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68}}}};
+             {{56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68}}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a1_a2, py_a1_a2);
 
         xt::xarray<long> b1_a1 = py_b1 + py_a1;
@@ -462,7 +472,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33}},
 
-            {{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}}};
+            {{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(b1_a1, py_b1_a1);
 
         xt::xarray<long> a1_b2 = py_a1 + py_b2;
@@ -476,7 +487,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33}},
 
-             {{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}}}};
+             {{28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40}}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a1_b2, py_a1_b2);
 
         xt::xarray<double> a2_b3 = xt::cast<double>(py_a2) + py_b3;
@@ -771,7 +783,8 @@ namespace xt
                31.798295178966775,
                32.649963930777766,
                33.7019668772577,
-               34.7957926694361}}}};
+               34.7957926694361}}}
+        };
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(a2_b3, py_a2_b3));
     }
 
@@ -807,7 +820,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}
+        };
         xt::xarray<long> a = py_a0;
 
         // py_b1
@@ -822,7 +836,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{63, 64, 9, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-            {{84, 85, 12, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 14, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 12, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 14, 101, 102, 103, 104}}
+        };
         view(a, all(), all(), 2) = py_b1;
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a2);
 
@@ -836,7 +851,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}},
 
-            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}}
+        };
         xt::xarray<long> ar2 = py_ar2;
         view(a, all(), 0, newaxis(), all()) = ar2;
 
@@ -850,7 +866,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}, {70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 11, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 14, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 14, 101, 102, 103, 104}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a3);
 
         view(a, all(), 2, all()) = xt::arange(7);
@@ -864,7 +881,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}, {70, 71, 10, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}},
 
-            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}};
+            {{28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34}, {91, 92, 13, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a4);
 
         a = py_a0;
@@ -880,7 +898,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax1);
 
         a = py_a0;
@@ -896,7 +915,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax2);
 
         a = py_a0;
@@ -911,7 +931,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
+            {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax4);
 
         a = py_a0;
@@ -926,7 +947,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69}, {70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76}, {77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83}},
 
-            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}};
+            {{84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90}, {91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97}, {98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_ax3);
     }
 
@@ -952,14 +974,16 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a0 = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
 
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
         // py_a1
         xarray<long> py_a1 = {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}};
         // py_a2
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}},
 
-            {{4, 5, 6, 7}}};
+            {{4, 5, 6, 7}}
+        };
         // py_a3
         xarray<long> py_a3 = {{{0, 1, 2, 3}}};
         xt::xarray<long> py_a4 = {0, 1, 2};
@@ -971,14 +995,16 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<long> py_a0_cp1 = {
             {{0, 2, 4, 6}, {9, 11, 13, 15}, {18, 20, 22, 24}},
 
-            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}};
+            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0_cp1, a);
 
         // py_a0_cp2
         xarray<long> py_a0_cp2 = {
             {{0, 14, 56, 126}, {261, 396, 559, 750}, {1044, 1300, 1584, 1896}},
 
-            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}};
+            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}
+        };
         xt::view(a, 0, all(), all()) *= py_a1 * 7 + py_a4;
         EXPECT_EQ(py_a0_cp2, a);
 
@@ -988,12 +1014,14 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{6, 7}, {8, 9}, {10, 11}},
 
-            {{12, 13}, {14, 15}, {16, 17}}};
+            {{12, 13}, {14, 15}, {16, 17}}
+        };
         // py_a0_cp3
         xarray<long> py_a0_cp3 = {
             {{6, 14, 7, 126}, {8, 396, 9, 750}, {10, 1300, 11, 1896}},
 
-            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}};
+            {{24, 26, 28, 30}, {33, 35, 37, 39}, {42, 44, 46, 48}}
+        };
         xt::view(a, 0, all(), range(_, _, 2)) = xt::view(py_x0, 1, all(), all());
         EXPECT_EQ(a, py_a0_cp3);
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
index e23ccf78b..3f16391f5 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ namespace xt
             31, 20, 28, 22, 15, 48, 38, 7,  44, 24, 45, 40, 21, 1,  13, 27, 32, 13, 7,  42, 50, 26, 8,  13,
             0,  46, 6,  29, 13, 28, 33, 42, 10, 0,  6,  45, 44, 30, 30, 33, 8,  46, 21, 19, 26, 2,  8,  37,
             4,  30, 12, 19, 14, 18, 36, 15, 28, 24, 33, 47, 37, 10, 1,  13, 30, 2,  25, 30, 17, 39, 5,  3,
-            37, 25, 35, 22, 12, 41, 40, 35, 13, 30, 18, 4,  46, 6,  48, 22};
+            37, 25, 35, 22, 12, 41, 40, 35, 13, 30, 18, 4,  46, 6,  48, 22
+        };
         // py_bin_edges
         xarray<double> py_bin_edges = {0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9.,  10., 11., 12.,
                                        13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25.,
@@ -158,7 +159,8 @@ namespace xt
             50, 18, 22, 36, 45, 30, 19, 21, 35, 0,  31, 18, 40, 4,  29, 24, 32, 3,  29, 28, 28, 30, 34, 41,
             13, 42, 25, 3,  2,  17, 40, 36, 40, 26, 22, 7,  16, 22, 4,  11, 30, 37, 50, 47, 32, 21, 32, 40,
             6,  20, 42, 19, 29, 29, 9,  18, 17, 1,  1,  42, 13, 26, 15, 47, 13, 21, 44, 42, 9,  40, 23, 24,
-            6,  4,  37, 25, 22, 37, 39, 8,  31, 6,  38, 33, 48, 3,  2,  14};
+            6,  4,  37, 25, 22, 37, 39, 8,  31, 6,  38, 33, 48, 3,  2,  14
+        };
         // py_bin_edges
         xarray<double> py_bin_edges = {10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20.,
                                        21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31.,
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
index 70c7a4419..81be1dcb6 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
@@ -31,19 +31,21 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended_xmath, interp)
     {
         // py_xp
-        xarray<double> py_xp = {
-            -0.4794155057041976, -0.4419163878318005, -0.3440054796637974, -0.3439813595575635,
-            -0.3181750327928994, -0.3165954901465662, -0.2876608893217238, -0.2087708598019581,
-            -0.1957577570404623, -0.1254598811526375, -0.0680549813578842, 0.0247564316322378,
-            0.0986584841970366,  0.1011150117432088,  0.2080725777960455,  0.2319939418114051,
-            0.3324426408004217,  0.3661761457749352,  0.4507143064099162,  0.4699098521619943};
+        xarray<double> py_xp = {-0.4794155057041976, -0.4419163878318005, -0.3440054796637974,
+                                -0.3439813595575635, -0.3181750327928994, -0.3165954901465662,
+                                -0.2876608893217238, -0.2087708598019581, -0.1957577570404623,
+                                -0.1254598811526375, -0.0680549813578842, 0.0247564316322378,
+                                0.0986584841970366,  0.1011150117432088,  0.2080725777960455,
+                                0.2319939418114051,  0.3324426408004217,  0.3661761457749352,
+                                0.4507143064099162,  0.4699098521619943};
         // py_fp
-        xarray<double> py_fp = {
-            0.1118528947223795,  -0.3605061393479582, -0.2078553514647818, -0.1336381567063083,
-            -0.0439300157829641, 0.2851759613930136,  -0.3003262178416403, 0.0142344384136116,
-            0.0924145688620425,  -0.4535495872800023, 0.1075448519014384,  -0.3294758763127085,
-            -0.4349484070147205, 0.4488855372533332,  0.4656320330745594,  0.3083973481164611,
-            -0.1953862308266293, -0.4023278859936161, 0.1842330265121569,  -0.0598475062603987};
+        xarray<double> py_fp = {0.1118528947223795,  -0.3605061393479582, -0.2078553514647818,
+                                -0.1336381567063083, -0.0439300157829641, 0.2851759613930136,
+                                -0.3003262178416403, 0.0142344384136116,  0.0924145688620425,
+                                -0.4535495872800023, 0.1075448519014384,  -0.3294758763127085,
+                                -0.4349484070147205, 0.4488855372533332,  0.4656320330745594,
+                                0.3083973481164611,  -0.1953862308266293, -0.4023278859936161,
+                                0.1842330265121569,  -0.0598475062603987};
         // py_x
         xarray<double> py_x = {
             -1.,
@@ -95,7 +97,8 @@ namespace xt
             0.8775510204081631,
             0.9183673469387754,
             0.9591836734693877,
-            1.};
+            1.
+        };
         // py_f
         xarray<double> py_f = {
             0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,  0.1118528947223795,
@@ -110,7 +113,8 @@ namespace xt
             -0.0532087927693443, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987,
             -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987,
             -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987,
-            -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987};
+            -0.0598475062603987, -0.0598475062603987
+        };
 
         auto f = xt::interp(py_x, py_xp, py_fp);
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
index 4e21472ae..72ed0bc22 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
@@ -895,7 +895,8 @@ namespace xt
                0.9148459010681,
                0.3623938991166331,
                0.5805883502780435,
-               0.6322642879195304}}}};
+               0.6322642879195304}}}
+        };
         // py_w
         xarray<double> py_w = {
             {{{0.0130944565883336,
@@ -1759,7 +1760,8 @@ namespace xt
                0.0809192830512522,
                0.4029801787651615,
                0.1735245149865087,
-               0.6949510889024617}}}};
+               0.6949510889024617}}}
+        };
         // py_av
         xarray<double> py_av = {
             {0.5106795969797712,
@@ -1803,7 +1805,8 @@ namespace xt
              0.3817307280172807,
              0.4162942894756477,
              0.2873504573593249,
-             0.423361164166236}};
+             0.423361164166236}
+        };
 
         auto av = xt::average(py_a, py_w, {0, 1});
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(av, py_av));
@@ -2683,7 +2686,8 @@ namespace xt
                0.019116094429764,
                0.4768434683178171,
                0.6877220424305607,
-               0.7227069576982285}}}};
+               0.7227069576982285}}}
+        };
 
         // py_vr_all
         double py_vr_all = 0.08257307738009954;
@@ -2727,7 +2731,8 @@ namespace xt
              0.0762240153024691,
              0.0845913536241975,
              0.0819087439628765,
-             0.0894375580083343}};
+             0.0894375580083343}
+        };
         // py_vr_ddof
         xarray<double> py_vr_ddof = {
             {0.0889114757349588,
@@ -2764,7 +2769,8 @@ namespace xt
              0.0795381029243156,
              0.08826923856438,
              0.0854699937003928,
-             0.0933261474869576}};
+             0.0933261474869576}
+        };
         // py_st
         xarray<double> py_st = {
             {0.2919020913125989,
@@ -2801,7 +2807,8 @@ namespace xt
              0.2760869705409314,
              0.2908459276390122,
              0.2861970369568428,
-             0.2990611275447452}};
+             0.2990611275447452}
+        };
 
         auto st_all = xt::stddev(py_a);
         auto vr_all = xt::variance(py_a);
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index b17fb8837..32812eb5a 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -68,21 +68,21 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xtest_extended, partition)
     {
         // py_a
-        xarray<long> py_a = {
-            102, 435, 860, 270, 106, 71, 700, 20, 614, 121, 466, 214, 330, 458, 87, 372, 99, 871, 663, 130};
+        xarray<long> py_a = {102, 435, 860, 270, 106, 71,  700, 20,  614, 121,
+                             466, 214, 330, 458, 87,  372, 99,  871, 663, 130};
 
         // py_p5 = np.partition(a, 5)
-        xarray<long> py_p5 = {
-            20, 71, 87, 99, 102, 106, 121, 700, 614, 435, 466, 214, 330, 458, 270, 372, 860, 871, 663, 130};
+        xarray<long> py_p5 = {20,  71,  87,  99,  102, 106, 121, 700, 614, 435,
+                              466, 214, 330, 458, 270, 372, 860, 871, 663, 130};
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, 0)
-        xarray<long> py_p0 = {
-            20, 435, 860, 270, 106, 71, 700, 102, 614, 121, 466, 214, 330, 458, 87, 372, 99, 871, 663, 130};
+        xarray<long> py_p0 = {20,  435, 860, 270, 106, 71,  700, 102, 614, 121,
+                              466, 214, 330, 458, 87,  372, 99,  871, 663, 130};
         // py_p13 = np.partition(a, 13)
-        xarray<long> py_p13 = {
-            20, 102, 99, 87, 106, 71, 121, 270, 130, 435, 372, 214, 330, 458, 614, 466, 860, 871, 663, 700};
+        xarray<long> py_p13 = {20,  102, 99,  87,  106, 71,  121, 270, 130, 435,
+                               372, 214, 330, 458, 614, 466, 860, 871, 663, 700};
         // py_p19 = np.partition(a, 19)
-        xarray<long> py_p19 = {
-            20, 102, 99, 87, 106, 71, 121, 270, 130, 435, 372, 214, 330, 458, 663, 614, 466, 700, 860, 871};
+        xarray<long> py_p19 = {20,  102, 99,  87,  106, 71,  121, 270, 130, 435,
+                               372, 214, 330, 458, 663, 614, 466, 700, 860, 871};
 
         // py_a5 = np.argpartition(a, 5)
         xarray<long> py_a5 = {7, 5, 14, 16, 0, 4, 9, 6, 8, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 3, 15, 2, 17, 18, 19};
@@ -159,362 +159,142 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a
         xarray<double> py_a = {
-            {{0.0650515929852795,
-              0.9488855372533332,
-              0.9656320330745594,
-              0.8083973481164611,
-              0.3046137691733707,
-              0.0976721140063839},
-             {0.6842330265121569,
-              0.4401524937396013,
-              0.1220382348447788,
-              0.4951769101112702,
-              0.0343885211152184,
-              0.9093204020787821},
-             {0.2587799816000169,
-              0.662522284353982,
-              0.311711076089411,
-              0.5200680211778108,
-              0.5467102793432796,
-              0.184854455525527},
-             {0.9695846277645586,
-              0.7751328233611146,
-              0.9394989415641891,
-              0.8948273504276488,
-              0.5978999788110851,
-              0.9218742350231168},
-             {0.0884925020519195,
-              0.1959828624191452,
-              0.0452272889105381,
-              0.3253303307632643,
-              0.388677289689482,
-              0.2713490317738959}},
-
-            {{0.8287375091519293,
-              0.3567533266935893,
-              0.2809345096873808,
-              0.5426960831582485,
-              0.1409242249747626,
-              0.8021969807540397},
-             {0.0745506436797708,
-              0.9868869366005173,
-              0.7722447692966574,
-              0.1987156815341724,
-              0.0055221171236024,
-              0.8154614284548342},
-             {0.7068573438476171,
-              0.7290071680409873,
-              0.7712703466859457,
-              0.0740446517340904,
-              0.3584657285442726,
-              0.1158690595251297},
-             {0.8631034258755935,
-              0.6232981268275579,
-              0.3308980248526492,
-              0.0635583502860236,
-              0.3109823217156622,
-              0.325183322026747},
-             {0.7296061783380641,
-              0.6375574713552131,
-              0.8872127425763265,
-              0.4722149251619493,
-              0.1195942459383017,
-              0.713244787222995}},
-
-            {{0.7607850486168974,
-              0.5612771975694962,
-              0.770967179954561,
-              0.4937955963643907,
-              0.5227328293819941,
-              0.4275410183585496},
-             {0.0254191267440952,
-              0.1078914269933045,
-              0.0314291856867343,
-              0.6364104112637804,
-              0.3143559810763267,
-              0.5085706911647028},
-             {0.907566473926093,
-              0.2492922291488749,
-              0.4103829230356297,
-              0.7555511385430487,
-              0.2287981654916225,
-              0.076979909828793},
-             {0.289751452913768,
-              0.1612212872540044,
-              0.9296976523425731,
-              0.808120379564417,
-              0.6334037565104235,
-              0.8714605901877177},
-             {0.8036720768991145,
-              0.1865700588860358,
-              0.8925589984899778,
-              0.5393422419156507,
-              0.8074401551640625,
-              0.8960912999234932}},
-
-            {{0.3180034749718639,
-              0.1100519245276768,
-              0.2279351625419417,
-              0.4271077886262563,
-              0.8180147659224931,
-              0.8607305832563434},
-             {0.0069521305311907,
-              0.5107473025775657,
-              0.417411003148779,
-              0.2221078104707302,
-              0.1198653673336828,
-              0.337615171403628},
-             {0.9429097039125192,
-              0.3232029320207552,
-              0.5187906217433661,
-              0.7030189588951778,
-              0.363629602379294,
-              0.9717820827209607},
-             {0.9624472949421112,
-              0.2517822958253642,
-              0.4972485058923855,
-              0.3008783098167697,
-              0.2848404943774676,
-              0.0368869473545328},
-             {0.6095643339798968,
-              0.5026790232288615,
-              0.0514787512499894,
-              0.2786464642366114,
-              0.9082658859666537,
-              0.2395618906669724}}};
+            {{0.0650515929852795, 0.9488855372533332, 0.9656320330745594, 0.8083973481164611, 0.3046137691733707, 0.0976721140063839
+             },
+             {0.6842330265121569, 0.4401524937396013, 0.1220382348447788, 0.4951769101112702, 0.0343885211152184, 0.9093204020787821
+             },
+             {0.2587799816000169, 0.662522284353982, 0.311711076089411, 0.5200680211778108, 0.5467102793432796, 0.184854455525527
+             },
+             {0.9695846277645586, 0.7751328233611146, 0.9394989415641891, 0.8948273504276488, 0.5978999788110851, 0.9218742350231168
+             },
+             {0.0884925020519195, 0.1959828624191452, 0.0452272889105381, 0.3253303307632643, 0.388677289689482, 0.2713490317738959
+             }},
+
+            {{0.8287375091519293, 0.3567533266935893, 0.2809345096873808, 0.5426960831582485, 0.1409242249747626, 0.8021969807540397
+             },
+             {0.0745506436797708, 0.9868869366005173, 0.7722447692966574, 0.1987156815341724, 0.0055221171236024, 0.8154614284548342
+             },
+             {0.7068573438476171, 0.7290071680409873, 0.7712703466859457, 0.0740446517340904, 0.3584657285442726, 0.1158690595251297
+             },
+             {0.8631034258755935, 0.6232981268275579, 0.3308980248526492, 0.0635583502860236, 0.3109823217156622, 0.325183322026747
+             },
+             {0.7296061783380641, 0.6375574713552131, 0.8872127425763265, 0.4722149251619493, 0.1195942459383017, 0.713244787222995
+             }},
+
+            {{0.7607850486168974, 0.5612771975694962, 0.770967179954561, 0.4937955963643907, 0.5227328293819941, 0.4275410183585496
+             },
+             {0.0254191267440952, 0.1078914269933045, 0.0314291856867343, 0.6364104112637804, 0.3143559810763267, 0.5085706911647028
+             },
+             {0.907566473926093, 0.2492922291488749, 0.4103829230356297, 0.7555511385430487, 0.2287981654916225, 0.076979909828793
+             },
+             {0.289751452913768, 0.1612212872540044, 0.9296976523425731, 0.808120379564417, 0.6334037565104235, 0.8714605901877177
+             },
+             {0.8036720768991145, 0.1865700588860358, 0.8925589984899778, 0.5393422419156507, 0.8074401551640625, 0.8960912999234932
+             }},
+
+            {{0.3180034749718639, 0.1100519245276768, 0.2279351625419417, 0.4271077886262563, 0.8180147659224931, 0.8607305832563434
+             },
+             {0.0069521305311907, 0.5107473025775657, 0.417411003148779, 0.2221078104707302, 0.1198653673336828, 0.337615171403628
+             },
+             {0.9429097039125192, 0.3232029320207552, 0.5187906217433661, 0.7030189588951778, 0.363629602379294, 0.9717820827209607
+             },
+             {0.9624472949421112, 0.2517822958253642, 0.4972485058923855, 0.3008783098167697, 0.2848404943774676, 0.0368869473545328
+             },
+             {0.6095643339798968, 0.5026790232288615, 0.0514787512499894, 0.2786464642366114, 0.9082658859666537, 0.2395618906669724
+             }}
+        };
 
         // py_q0 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=0)
         xarray<double> py_q0 = {
-            {{0.0650515929852795,
-              0.1100519245276768,
-              0.2279351625419417,
-              0.4271077886262563,
-              0.1409242249747626,
-              0.0976721140063839},
-             {0.0069521305311907,
-              0.1078914269933045,
-              0.0314291856867343,
-              0.1987156815341724,
-              0.0055221171236024,
-              0.337615171403628},
-             {0.2587799816000169,
-              0.2492922291488749,
-              0.311711076089411,
-              0.0740446517340904,
-              0.2287981654916225,
-              0.076979909828793},
-             {0.289751452913768,
-              0.1612212872540044,
-              0.3308980248526492,
-              0.0635583502860236,
-              0.2848404943774676,
-              0.0368869473545328},
-             {0.0884925020519195,
-              0.1865700588860358,
-              0.0452272889105381,
-              0.2786464642366114,
-              0.1195942459383017,
-              0.2395618906669724}},
-
-            {{0.2927082867732054,
-              0.332083186476998,
-              0.2756345749728368,
-              0.4871268155905773,
-              0.2882448147535099,
-              0.394554127923333},
-             {0.0235724271228047,
-              0.4069263870649716,
-              0.1129773299289744,
-              0.2197685975770745,
-              0.0315018807160568,
-              0.4914751391885953},
-             {0.662049607622857,
-              0.3158118617335672,
-              0.4005157383410078,
-              0.4754656842334387,
-              0.3454989722390076,
-              0.111980144555496},
-             {0.8057682285794109,
-              0.2427261949682282,
-              0.4806134577884118,
-              0.277146313863695,
-              0.3083681389818427,
-              0.2963536845595256},
-             {0.5574571507870991,
-              0.1950415820658343,
-              0.0508536050160442,
-              0.3206619441105991,
-              0.361768985314364,
-              0.2681703176632035}},
-
-            {{0.1409371575812548,
-              0.1840623451774505,
-              0.2438349666855734,
-              0.4471141309476966,
-              0.1900310882343451,
-              0.1966327853120336},
-             {0.012492229395062,
-              0.2075697470171935,
-              0.0586119004341476,
-              0.2057333202151398,
-              0.0141820383210872,
-              0.3889018273319504},
-             {0.393203190274297,
-              0.271465440010439,
-              0.3413126301732766,
-              0.2078516625672065,
-              0.2676984344074175,
-              0.088646654737694},
-             {0.4617570448023157,
-              0.1883895898254123,
-              0.3808031691645701,
-              0.1347543381452475,
-              0.292683042578926,
-              0.1233758597561971},
-             {0.2448140516303127,
-              0.1893938999459686,
-              0.0471027276123735,
-              0.2926516241946073,
-              0.2003191590636558,
-              0.2490980329990495}},
-
-            {{0.8287375091519293,
-              0.9488855372533332,
-              0.9656320330745594,
-              0.8083973481164611,
-              0.8180147659224931,
-              0.8607305832563434},
-             {0.6842330265121569,
-              0.9868869366005173,
-              0.7722447692966574,
-              0.6364104112637804,
-              0.3143559810763267,
-              0.9093204020787821},
-             {0.9429097039125192,
-              0.7290071680409873,
-              0.7712703466859457,
-              0.7555511385430487,
-              0.5467102793432796,
-              0.9717820827209607},
-             {0.9695846277645586,
-              0.7751328233611146,
-              0.9394989415641891,
-              0.8948273504276488,
-              0.6334037565104235,
-              0.9218742350231168},
-             {0.8036720768991145,
-              0.6375574713552131,
-              0.8925589984899778,
-              0.5393422419156507,
-              0.9082658859666537,
-              0.8960912999234932}}};
+            {{0.0650515929852795, 0.1100519245276768, 0.2279351625419417, 0.4271077886262563, 0.1409242249747626, 0.0976721140063839
+             },
+             {0.0069521305311907, 0.1078914269933045, 0.0314291856867343, 0.1987156815341724, 0.0055221171236024, 0.337615171403628
+             },
+             {0.2587799816000169, 0.2492922291488749, 0.311711076089411, 0.0740446517340904, 0.2287981654916225, 0.076979909828793
+             },
+             {0.289751452913768, 0.1612212872540044, 0.3308980248526492, 0.0635583502860236, 0.2848404943774676, 0.0368869473545328
+             },
+             {0.0884925020519195, 0.1865700588860358, 0.0452272889105381, 0.2786464642366114, 0.1195942459383017, 0.2395618906669724
+             }},
+
+            {{0.2927082867732054, 0.332083186476998, 0.2756345749728368, 0.4871268155905773, 0.2882448147535099, 0.394554127923333
+             },
+             {0.0235724271228047, 0.4069263870649716, 0.1129773299289744, 0.2197685975770745, 0.0315018807160568, 0.4914751391885953
+             },
+             {0.662049607622857, 0.3158118617335672, 0.4005157383410078, 0.4754656842334387, 0.3454989722390076, 0.111980144555496
+             },
+             {0.8057682285794109, 0.2427261949682282, 0.4806134577884118, 0.277146313863695, 0.3083681389818427, 0.2963536845595256
+             },
+             {0.5574571507870991, 0.1950415820658343, 0.0508536050160442, 0.3206619441105991, 0.361768985314364, 0.2681703176632035
+             }},
+
+            {{0.1409371575812548, 0.1840623451774505, 0.2438349666855734, 0.4471141309476966, 0.1900310882343451, 0.1966327853120336
+             },
+             {0.012492229395062, 0.2075697470171935, 0.0586119004341476, 0.2057333202151398, 0.0141820383210872, 0.3889018273319504
+             },
+             {0.393203190274297, 0.271465440010439, 0.3413126301732766, 0.2078516625672065, 0.2676984344074175, 0.088646654737694
+             },
+             {0.4617570448023157, 0.1883895898254123, 0.3808031691645701, 0.1347543381452475, 0.292683042578926, 0.1233758597561971
+             },
+             {0.2448140516303127, 0.1893938999459686, 0.0471027276123735, 0.2926516241946073, 0.2003191590636558, 0.2490980329990495
+             }},
+
+            {{0.8287375091519293, 0.9488855372533332, 0.9656320330745594, 0.8083973481164611, 0.8180147659224931, 0.8607305832563434
+             },
+             {0.6842330265121569, 0.9868869366005173, 0.7722447692966574, 0.6364104112637804, 0.3143559810763267, 0.9093204020787821
+             },
+             {0.9429097039125192, 0.7290071680409873, 0.7712703466859457, 0.7555511385430487, 0.5467102793432796, 0.9717820827209607
+             },
+             {0.9695846277645586, 0.7751328233611146, 0.9394989415641891, 0.8948273504276488, 0.6334037565104235, 0.9218742350231168
+             },
+             {0.8036720768991145, 0.6375574713552131, 0.8925589984899778, 0.5393422419156507, 0.9082658859666537, 0.8960912999234932
+             }}
+        };
         // py_q1 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=1)
         xarray<double> py_q1 = {
-            {{0.0650515929852795,
-              0.1959828624191452,
-              0.0452272889105381,
-              0.3253303307632643,
-              0.0343885211152184,
-              0.0976721140063839},
-             {0.0745506436797708,
-              0.3567533266935893,
-              0.2809345096873808,
-              0.0635583502860236,
-              0.0055221171236024,
-              0.1158690595251297},
-             {0.0254191267440952,
-              0.1078914269933045,
-              0.0314291856867343,
-              0.4937955963643907,
-              0.2287981654916225,
-              0.076979909828793},
-             {0.0069521305311907,
-              0.1100519245276768,
-              0.0514787512499894,
-              0.2221078104707302,
-              0.1198653673336828,
-              0.0368869473545328}},
-
-            {{0.122549997961539,
-              0.4846264518624774,
-              0.1599728030937052,
-              0.5001551323245783,
-              0.321426473276593,
-              0.2021533707752008},
-             {0.7114071107457065,
-              0.6261499957330889,
-              0.4189724892193085,
-              0.0989788576941068,
-              0.1238602417455939,
-              0.4027956150659966},
-             {0.3839581720543939,
-              0.1662910415804107,
-              0.4824997744194159,
-              0.5587558757852766,
-              0.3560313507374601,
-              0.4437469529197803},
-             {0.3763156467734705,
-              0.2660664230644424,
-              0.2658303306633091,
-              0.2830928333526431,
-              0.3005983159778329,
-              0.2591725468143035}},
-
-            {{0.0744279566119355,
-              0.2936507149473276,
-              0.0759516672842344,
-              0.3932689625024667,
-              0.1424786203384793,
-              0.1325450506140411},
-             {0.3274733237469094,
-              0.4633712467471767,
-              0.3009199157534881,
-              0.0677528708652503,
-              0.0511509686494821,
-              0.1995947645257767},
-             {0.1311520572119643,
-              0.1292233710975844,
-              0.1830106806262924,
-              0.5120142545848947,
-              0.2630212917255041,
-              0.2172043532406956},
-             {0.13137266830746,
-              0.1667440730467517,
-              0.1220613157667703,
-              0.2447232719770827,
-              0.1858554181511967,
-              0.1179569246795086}},
-
-            {{0.9695846277645586,
-              0.9488855372533332,
-              0.9656320330745594,
-              0.8948273504276488,
-              0.5978999788110851,
-              0.9218742350231168},
-             {0.8631034258755935,
-              0.9868869366005173,
-              0.8872127425763265,
-              0.5426960831582485,
-              0.3584657285442726,
-              0.8154614284548342},
-             {0.907566473926093,
-              0.5612771975694962,
-              0.9296976523425731,
-              0.808120379564417,
-              0.8074401551640625,
-              0.8960912999234932},
-             {0.9624472949421112,
-              0.5107473025775657,
-              0.5187906217433661,
-              0.7030189588951778,
-              0.9082658859666537,
-              0.9717820827209607}}};
+            {{0.0650515929852795, 0.1959828624191452, 0.0452272889105381, 0.3253303307632643, 0.0343885211152184, 0.0976721140063839
+             },
+             {0.0745506436797708, 0.3567533266935893, 0.2809345096873808, 0.0635583502860236, 0.0055221171236024, 0.1158690595251297
+             },
+             {0.0254191267440952, 0.1078914269933045, 0.0314291856867343, 0.4937955963643907, 0.2287981654916225, 0.076979909828793
+             },
+             {0.0069521305311907, 0.1100519245276768, 0.0514787512499894, 0.2221078104707302, 0.1198653673336828, 0.0368869473545328
+             }},
+
+            {{0.122549997961539, 0.4846264518624774, 0.1599728030937052, 0.5001551323245783, 0.321426473276593, 0.2021533707752008
+             },
+             {0.7114071107457065, 0.6261499957330889, 0.4189724892193085, 0.0989788576941068, 0.1238602417455939, 0.4027956150659966
+             },
+             {0.3839581720543939, 0.1662910415804107, 0.4824997744194159, 0.5587558757852766, 0.3560313507374601, 0.4437469529197803
+             },
+             {0.3763156467734705, 0.2660664230644424, 0.2658303306633091, 0.2830928333526431, 0.3005983159778329, 0.2591725468143035
+             }},
+
+            {{0.0744279566119355, 0.2936507149473276, 0.0759516672842344, 0.3932689625024667, 0.1424786203384793, 0.1325450506140411
+             },
+             {0.3274733237469094, 0.4633712467471767, 0.3009199157534881, 0.0677528708652503, 0.0511509686494821, 0.1995947645257767
+             },
+             {0.1311520572119643, 0.1292233710975844, 0.1830106806262924, 0.5120142545848947, 0.2630212917255041, 0.2172043532406956
+             },
+             {0.13137266830746, 0.1667440730467517, 0.1220613157667703, 0.2447232719770827, 0.1858554181511967, 0.1179569246795086
+             }},
+
+            {{0.9695846277645586, 0.9488855372533332, 0.9656320330745594, 0.8948273504276488, 0.5978999788110851, 0.9218742350231168
+             },
+             {0.8631034258755935, 0.9868869366005173, 0.8872127425763265, 0.5426960831582485, 0.3584657285442726, 0.8154614284548342
+             },
+             {0.907566473926093, 0.5612771975694962, 0.9296976523425731, 0.808120379564417, 0.8074401551640625, 0.8960912999234932
+             },
+             {0.9624472949421112, 0.5107473025775657, 0.5187906217433661, 0.7030189588951778, 0.9082658859666537, 0.9717820827209607
+             }}
+        };
         // py_q2 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], axis=2)
         xarray<double> py_q2 = {
             {{0.0650515929852795, 0.0343885211152184, 0.184854455525527, 0.5978999788110851, 0.0452272889105381},
              {0.1409242249747626, 0.0055221171236024, 0.0740446517340904, 0.0635583502860236, 0.1195942459383017},
              {0.4275410183585496, 0.0254191267440952, 0.076979909828793, 0.1612212872540044, 0.1865700588860358},
-             {0.1100519245276768, 0.0069521305311907, 0.3232029320207552, 0.0368869473545328, 0.0514787512499894}},
+             {0.1100519245276768, 0.0069521305311907, 0.3232029320207552, 0.0368869473545328, 0.0514787512499894
+             }},
 
             {{0.2011429415898773, 0.2810953642921901, 0.2852455288447139, 0.8349800868943817, 0.1422376822355323},
              {0.318843918190485, 0.1366331626069716, 0.2371673940347012, 0.3180828218712046, 0.5548861982585812},
@@ -524,12 +304,14 @@ namespace xt
             {{0.0813618534958317, 0.0782133779799986, 0.221817218562772, 0.6865164010860998, 0.0668598954812288},
              {0.2109293673310717, 0.0400363804016866, 0.09495685562961, 0.1872703360008429, 0.2959045855501255},
              {0.4606683073614702, 0.0284241562154147, 0.1528890376602077, 0.2254863700838862, 0.3629561504008433},
-             {0.1689935435348092, 0.0634087489324368, 0.3434162672000246, 0.1443346215899485, 0.1455203209584809}},
+             {0.1689935435348092, 0.0634087489324368, 0.3434162672000246, 0.1443346215899485, 0.1455203209584809
+             }},
 
             {{0.9656320330745594, 0.9093204020787821, 0.662522284353982, 0.9695846277645586, 0.388677289689482},
              {0.8287375091519293, 0.9868869366005173, 0.7712703466859457, 0.8631034258755935, 0.8872127425763265},
              {0.770967179954561, 0.6364104112637804, 0.907566473926093, 0.9296976523425731, 0.8960912999234932},
-             {0.8607305832563434, 0.5107473025775657, 0.9717820827209607, 0.9624472949421112, 0.9082658859666537}}};
+             {0.8607305832563434, 0.5107473025775657, 0.9717820827209607, 0.9624472949421112, 0.9082658859666537}}
+        };
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q0, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 0)));
         EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(py_q1, xt::quantile(py_a, {0., .3, .1, 1.}, 1)));
@@ -543,129 +325,50 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // py_a
         xarray<double> py_a = {
-            {{0.1448948720912231,
-              0.489452760277563,
-              0.9856504541106007,
-              0.2420552715115004,
-              0.6721355474058786,
-              0.7616196153287176},
-             {0.2376375439923997,
-              0.7282163486118596,
-              0.3677831327192532,
-              0.6323058305935795,
-              0.6335297107608947,
-              0.5357746840747585},
-             {0.0902897700544083,
-              0.835302495589238,
-              0.3207800649717358,
-              0.1865185103998542,
-              0.0407751415547639,
-              0.5908929431882418},
-             {0.6775643618422824,
-              0.0165878289278562,
-              0.512093058299281,
-              0.226495775197938,
-              0.6451727904094499,
-              0.1743664290049914},
-             {0.690937738102466,
-              0.3867353463005374,
-              0.9367299887367345,
-              0.1375209441459933,
-              0.3410663510502585,
-              0.1134735212405891}},
-
-            {{0.9246936182785628,
-              0.877339353380981,
-              0.2579416277151556,
-              0.659984046034179,
-              0.8172222002012158,
-              0.5552008115994623},
-             {0.5296505783560065,
-              0.2418522909004517,
-              0.0931027678058992,
-              0.8972157579533268,
-              0.9004180571633305,
-              0.6331014572732679},
-             {0.3390297910487007,
-              0.3492095746126609,
-              0.7259556788702394,
-              0.8971102599525771,
-              0.8870864242651173,
-              0.7798755458576239},
-             {0.6420316461542878,
-              0.0841399649950488,
-              0.1616287140946138,
-              0.8985541885270792,
-              0.6064290596595899,
-              0.0091970516166296},
-             {0.1014715428660321,
-              0.6635017691080558,
-              0.0050615838462187,
-              0.1608080514174987,
-              0.5487337893665861,
-              0.6918951976926933}},
-
-            {{0.6519612595026005,
-              0.2242693094605598,
-              0.7121792213475359,
-              0.2372490874968001,
-              0.3253996981592677,
-              0.7464914051180241},
-             {0.6496328990472147,
-              0.8492234104941779,
-              0.6576128923003434,
-              0.5683086033354716,
-              0.0936747678280925,
-              0.3677158030594335},
-             {0.2652023676817254,
-              0.2439896433790836,
-              0.9730105547524456,
-              0.3930977246667604,
-              0.8920465551771133,
-              0.6311386259972629},
-             {0.7948113035416484,
-              0.5026370931051921,
-              0.5769038846263591,
-              0.4925176938188639,
-              0.1952429877980445,
-              0.7224521152615053},
-             {0.2807723624408558,
-              0.0243159664314538,
-              0.6454722959071678,
-              0.1771106794070489,
-              0.9404585843529143,
-              0.9539285770025874}},
-
-            {{0.9148643902204485,
-              0.3701587002554444,
-              0.0154566165288674,
-              0.9283185625877254,
-              0.4281841483173143,
-              0.9666548190436696},
-             {0.9636199770892528,
-              0.8530094554673601,
-              0.2944488920695857,
-              0.3850977286019253,
-              0.8511366715168569,
-              0.3169220051562777},
-             {0.1694927466860925,
-              0.5568012624583502,
-              0.936154774160781,
-              0.696029796674973,
-              0.570061170089365,
-              0.0971764937707685},
-             {0.6150072266991697,
-              0.9900538501042633,
-              0.140084015236524,
-              0.5183296523637367,
-              0.8773730719279554,
-              0.7407686177542044},
-             {0.697015740995268,
-              0.7024840839871093,
-              0.3594911512197552,
-              0.2935918442644934,
-              0.8093611554785136,
-              0.8101133946791808}}};
+            {{0.1448948720912231, 0.489452760277563, 0.9856504541106007, 0.2420552715115004, 0.6721355474058786, 0.7616196153287176
+             },
+             {0.2376375439923997, 0.7282163486118596, 0.3677831327192532, 0.6323058305935795, 0.6335297107608947, 0.5357746840747585
+             },
+             {0.0902897700544083, 0.835302495589238, 0.3207800649717358, 0.1865185103998542, 0.0407751415547639, 0.5908929431882418
+             },
+             {0.6775643618422824, 0.0165878289278562, 0.512093058299281, 0.226495775197938, 0.6451727904094499, 0.1743664290049914
+             },
+             {0.690937738102466, 0.3867353463005374, 0.9367299887367345, 0.1375209441459933, 0.3410663510502585, 0.1134735212405891
+             }},
+
+            {{0.9246936182785628, 0.877339353380981, 0.2579416277151556, 0.659984046034179, 0.8172222002012158, 0.5552008115994623
+             },
+             {0.5296505783560065, 0.2418522909004517, 0.0931027678058992, 0.8972157579533268, 0.9004180571633305, 0.6331014572732679
+             },
+             {0.3390297910487007, 0.3492095746126609, 0.7259556788702394, 0.8971102599525771, 0.8870864242651173, 0.7798755458576239
+             },
+             {0.6420316461542878, 0.0841399649950488, 0.1616287140946138, 0.8985541885270792, 0.6064290596595899, 0.0091970516166296
+             },
+             {0.1014715428660321, 0.6635017691080558, 0.0050615838462187, 0.1608080514174987, 0.5487337893665861, 0.6918951976926933
+             }},
+
+            {{0.6519612595026005, 0.2242693094605598, 0.7121792213475359, 0.2372490874968001, 0.3253996981592677, 0.7464914051180241
+             },
+             {0.6496328990472147, 0.8492234104941779, 0.6576128923003434, 0.5683086033354716, 0.0936747678280925, 0.3677158030594335
+             },
+             {0.2652023676817254, 0.2439896433790836, 0.9730105547524456, 0.3930977246667604, 0.8920465551771133, 0.6311386259972629
+             },
+             {0.7948113035416484, 0.5026370931051921, 0.5769038846263591, 0.4925176938188639, 0.1952429877980445, 0.7224521152615053
+             },
+             {0.2807723624408558, 0.0243159664314538, 0.6454722959071678, 0.1771106794070489, 0.9404585843529143, 0.9539285770025874
+             }},
+
+            {{0.9148643902204485, 0.3701587002554444, 0.0154566165288674, 0.9283185625877254, 0.4281841483173143, 0.9666548190436696
+             },
+             {0.9636199770892528, 0.8530094554673601, 0.2944488920695857, 0.3850977286019253, 0.8511366715168569, 0.3169220051562777
+             },
+             {0.1694927466860925, 0.5568012624583502, 0.936154774160781, 0.696029796674973, 0.570061170089365, 0.0971764937707685
+             },
+             {0.6150072266991697, 0.9900538501042633, 0.140084015236524, 0.5183296523637367, 0.8773730719279554, 0.7407686177542044
+             },
+             {0.697015740995268, 0.7024840839871093, 0.3594911512197552, 0.2935918442644934, 0.8093611554785136, 0.8101133946791808
+             }}
+        };
 
         // py_q4 = np.quantile(a, [0., .3, .1, 1.], method="interpolated_inverted_cdf")
         xarray<double> py_q4 = {0.0050615838462187, 0.3169220051562777, 0.1014715428660321, 0.9900538501042633};
@@ -701,7 +404,8 @@ namespace xt
              {0.6499639307777652, 0.7019668772577033, 0.795792669436101, 0.8900053418175663, 0.3379951568515358},
              {0.375582952639944, 0.093981939840869, 0.578280140996174, 0.0359422737967421, 0.4655980181324602},
              {0.5426446347075766, 0.2865412521282844, 0.5908332605690108, 0.0305002499390494, 0.0373481887492144},
-             {0.8226005606596583, 0.3601906414112629, 0.1270605126518848, 0.5222432600548044, 0.7699935530986108}},
+             {0.8226005606596583, 0.3601906414112629, 0.1270605126518848, 0.5222432600548044, 0.7699935530986108
+             }},
 
             {{0.2158210274968432, 0.6228904758190003, 0.085347464993768, 0.0516817211686077, 0.531354631568148},
              {0.5406351216101065, 0.6374299014982066, 0.7260913337226615, 0.9758520794625346, 0.5163003483011953},
@@ -719,13 +423,15 @@ namespace xt
              {0.658693631618945, 0.1629344270814297, 0.0705687474004298, 0.6424192782063156, 0.0265113105416218},
              {0.5857755812734633, 0.9402302414249576, 0.575474177875879, 0.3881699262065219, 0.6432882184423532},
              {0.4582528904915166, 0.5456167893159349, 0.9414648087765252, 0.3861026378007743, 0.9611905638239142},
-             {0.9053506419560637, 0.1957911347892964, 0.0693613008751655, 0.1007780013774267, 0.0182218256515497}},
+             {0.9053506419560637, 0.1957911347892964, 0.0693613008751655, 0.1007780013774267, 0.0182218256515497
+             }},
 
             {{0.0944429607559284, 0.6830067734163568, 0.071188648460229, 0.3189756302937613, 0.8448753109694546},
              {0.0232719357358259, 0.8144684825889358, 0.2818547747733999, 0.1181648276216563, 0.6967371653641506},
              {0.628942846779884, 0.877472013527053, 0.7350710438038858, 0.8034809303848486, 0.2820345725713065},
              {0.1774395437797228, 0.7506147516408583, 0.806834739267264, 0.9905051420006733, 0.4126176769114265},
-             {0.3720180857927832, 0.7764129607419968, 0.3408035402530178, 0.9307573256035647, 0.8584127518430118}}};
+             {0.3720180857927832, 0.7764129607419968, 0.3408035402530178, 0.9307573256035647, 0.8584127518430118}}
+        };
         // py_m = np.median(a)
         double py_m = 0.5113423988609378;
 
@@ -735,21 +441,24 @@ namespace xt
             {0.6117207462343522, 0.6374299014982066, 0.2818547747733999, 0.6424192782063156, 0.5163003483011953},
             {0.375582952639944, 0.7951861947687037, 0.575474177875879, 0.3881699262065219, 0.4655980181324602},
             {0.4582528904915166, 0.5456167893159349, 0.806834739267264, 0.4916158751168324, 0.4126176769114265},
-            {0.3720180857927832, 0.3601906414112629, 0.2502428981645953, 0.5492266647061205, 0.7145959227000623}};
+            {0.3720180857927832, 0.3601906414112629, 0.2502428981645953, 0.5492266647061205, 0.7145959227000623}
+        };
         // py_m1 = np.median(a, 1)
         xarray<double> py_m1 = {
             {0.6499639307777652, 0.3601906414112629, 0.578280140996174, 0.5015162946871996, 0.4655980181324602},
             {0.2158210274968432, 0.6374299014982066, 0.2708322512620742, 0.5492266647061205, 0.5163003483011953},
             {0.6117207462343522, 0.4196000624277899, 0.2477309895011575, 0.4916158751168324, 0.6350936508676438},
             {0.5857755812734633, 0.3746126146264712, 0.575474177875879, 0.3881699262065219, 0.6432882184423532},
-            {0.1774395437797228, 0.7764129607419968, 0.3408035402530178, 0.8034809303848486, 0.6967371653641506}};
+            {0.1774395437797228, 0.7764129607419968, 0.3408035402530178, 0.8034809303848486, 0.6967371653641506}
+        };
         // py_m2 = np.median(a, 2)
         xarray<double> py_m2 = {
             {0.7982951789667752, 0.7019668772577033, 0.375582952639944, 0.2865412521282844, 0.5222432600548044},
             {0.2158210274968432, 0.6374299014982066, 0.322956472941246, 0.695974206093698, 0.2502428981645953},
             {0.6601973767177313, 0.4196000624277899, 0.0460026420217527, 0.4741738290873252, 0.433851649237973},
             {0.5031362585800877, 0.1629344270814297, 0.5857755812734633, 0.5456167893159349, 0.1007780013774267},
-            {0.3189756302937613, 0.2818547747733999, 0.7350710438038858, 0.7506147516408583, 0.7764129607419968}};
+            {0.3189756302937613, 0.2818547747733999, 0.7350710438038858, 0.7506147516408583, 0.7764129607419968}
+        };
 
         EXPECT_EQ(py_m, xt::median(py_a));
         EXPECT_EQ(py_m0, xt::median(py_a, 0));
@@ -792,11 +501,13 @@ namespace xt
              {99, 48, 18, 58, 122},
              {85, 120, 111, 83, 61},
              {124, 16, 29, 104, 98},
-             {88, 22, 12, 54, 112}}};
+             {88, 22, 12, 54, 112}}
+        };
 
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, 2, 0)
         xarray<long> py_p0 = {
-            {{8, 21, 0, 13, 11}, {7, 31, 18, 19, 28}, {10, 1, 33, 25, 9}, {23, 16, 29, 15, 5}, {6, 3, 12, 27, 17}},
+            {{8, 21, 0, 13, 11}, {7, 31, 18, 19, 28}, {10, 1, 33, 25, 9}, {23, 16, 29, 15, 5}, {6, 3, 12, 27, 17}
+            },
 
             {{69, 34, 4, 44, 47},
              {57, 41, 37, 36, 56},
@@ -820,7 +531,8 @@ namespace xt
              {99, 102, 76, 58, 122},
              {97, 120, 111, 103, 61},
              {124, 101, 115, 104, 98},
-             {88, 123, 80, 100, 112}}};
+             {88, 123, 80, 100, 112}}
+        };
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, 4, 1)
         xarray<long> py_p1 = {
             {{10, 31, 32, 91, 62},
@@ -851,7 +563,8 @@ namespace xt
              {85, 22, 12, 54, 61},
              {88, 48, 18, 60, 98},
              {99, 75, 107, 83, 112},
-             {124, 120, 111, 104, 122}}};
+             {124, 120, 111, 104, 122}}
+        };
         // py_p2 = np.partition(a, 3, 2)
         xarray<long> py_p2 = {
             {{67, 43, 86, 110, 114},
@@ -882,7 +595,8 @@ namespace xt
              {58, 18, 48, 99, 122},
              {83, 61, 85, 111, 120},
              {16, 29, 98, 104, 124},
-             {54, 12, 22, 88, 112}}};
+             {54, 12, 22, 88, 112}}
+        };
 
         auto p0 = xt::partition(py_a, 2, 0);
         auto p1 = xt::partition(py_a, 4, 1);
@@ -902,7 +616,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{3, 1, 1, 0, 3}, {0, 1, 3, 0, 1}, {3, 3, 2, 3, 3}, {2, 3, 3, 2, 0}, {3, 2, 3, 1, 0}},
 
-            {{0, 4, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 2, 1, 4, 4}, {2, 4, 4, 0, 4}, {4, 0, 1, 4, 4}, {4, 0, 2, 2, 4}}};
+            {{0, 4, 4, 1, 0}, {4, 2, 1, 4, 4}, {2, 4, 4, 0, 4}, {4, 0, 1, 4, 4}, {4, 0, 2, 2, 4}}
+        };
         // py_a1 = np.argpartition(a, 4, 1)
         xarray<long> py_a1 = {
             {{2, 1, 4, 3, 1}, {4, 0, 2, 4, 2}, {3, 2, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 3, 0, 2, 3}, {1, 4, 3, 0, 4}},
@@ -913,7 +628,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{3, 1, 0, 3, 3}, {4, 0, 2, 0, 4}, {1, 4, 3, 4, 1}, {0, 3, 4, 1, 2}, {2, 2, 1, 2, 0}},
 
-            {{0, 3, 3, 1, 0}, {2, 4, 4, 4, 2}, {4, 1, 1, 0, 3}, {1, 0, 0, 2, 4}, {3, 2, 2, 3, 1}}};
+            {{0, 3, 3, 1, 0}, {2, 4, 4, 4, 2}, {4, 1, 1, 0, 3}, {1, 0, 0, 2, 4}, {3, 2, 2, 3, 1}}
+        };
         // py_a2 = np.argpartition(a, 3, 2)
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {
             {{1, 2, 4, 0, 3}, {3, 2, 1, 4, 0}, {0, 4, 2, 1, 3}, {0, 2, 4, 3, 1}, {0, 2, 3, 4, 1}},
@@ -924,7 +640,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{3, 2, 1, 0, 4}, {3, 4, 1, 0, 2}, {3, 2, 0, 4, 1}, {3, 0, 2, 4, 1}, {3, 0, 4, 2, 1}},
 
-            {{0, 4, 3, 1, 2}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}, {3, 4, 0, 2, 1}, {1, 2, 4, 3, 0}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}}};
+            {{0, 4, 3, 1, 2}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}, {3, 4, 0, 2, 1}, {1, 2, 4, 3, 0}, {3, 2, 1, 0, 4}}
+        };
 
         auto a0 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 2, 0);
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, 4, 1);
@@ -970,7 +687,8 @@ namespace xt
              {75, 101, 71, 115, 95},
              {73, 11, 74, 56, 86},
              {15, 2, 117, 53, 116},
-             {0, 30, 14, 13, 48}}};
+             {0, 30, 14, 13, 48}}
+        };
 
         // py_p0 = np.partition(a, (1, 2), 0)
         xarray<long> py_p0 = {
@@ -998,7 +716,8 @@ namespace xt
              {75, 101, 71, 115, 95},
              {90, 113, 74, 84, 99},
              {81, 36, 117, 119, 116},
-             {51, 121, 107, 105, 94}}};
+             {51, 121, 107, 105, 94}}
+        };
         // py_p1 = np.partition(a, (1, 4), 1)
         xarray<long> py_p1 = {
             {{19, 31, 6, 104, 1},
@@ -1029,7 +748,8 @@ namespace xt
              {15, 11, 14, 27, 48},
              {35, 30, 71, 53, 86},
              {73, 91, 74, 56, 95},
-             {75, 101, 117, 115, 116}}};
+             {75, 101, 117, 115, 116}}
+        };
         // py_p2 = np.partition(a, (1, 3), 2)
         xarray<long> py_p2 = {
             {{38, 85, 87, 100, 104},
@@ -1060,7 +780,8 @@ namespace xt
              {71, 75, 95, 101, 115},
              {11, 56, 73, 74, 86},
              {2, 15, 53, 116, 117},
-             {0, 13, 14, 30, 48}}};
+             {0, 13, 14, 30, 48}}
+        };
 
         auto p0 = xt::partition(py_a, {1, 2}, 0);
         auto p1 = xt::partition(py_a, {1, 4}, 1);
@@ -1084,7 +805,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{1, 1, 1, 2, 0}, {2, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {3, 1, 3, 0, 1}, {1, 3, 2, 0, 3}, {2, 0, 3, 3, 3}},
 
-            {{0, 4, 0, 0, 2}, {4, 4, 4, 4, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 4, 1, 4}, {1, 1, 1, 0, 1}}};
+            {{0, 4, 0, 0, 2}, {4, 4, 4, 4, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 4, 1, 4}, {1, 1, 1, 0, 1}}
+        };
         // py_a1 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 4), 1)
         xarray<long> py_a1 = {
             {{2, 3, 4, 0, 4}, {4, 0, 1, 4, 1}, {1, 1, 2, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 0, 3, 3}, {0, 2, 3, 2, 0}},
@@ -1095,7 +817,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{3, 0, 1, 2, 0}, {1, 2, 3, 1, 2}, {4, 1, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 4, 4, 4, 4}, {2, 3, 2, 3, 3}},
 
-            {{4, 3, 0, 4, 0}, {3, 2, 4, 0, 4}, {0, 4, 1, 3, 2}, {2, 0, 2, 2, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 1, 3}}};
+            {{4, 3, 0, 4, 0}, {3, 2, 4, 0, 4}, {0, 4, 1, 3, 2}, {2, 0, 2, 2, 1}, {1, 1, 3, 1, 3}}
+        };
         // py_a2 = np.argpartition(a, (1, 3), 2)
         xarray<long> py_a2 = {
             {{1, 2, 0, 4, 3}, {4, 1, 2, 0, 3}, {0, 4, 2, 1, 3}, {1, 4, 0, 2, 3}, {4, 2, 0, 1, 3}},
@@ -1106,7 +829,8 @@ namespace xt
 
             {{4, 1, 2, 0, 3}, {2, 3, 0, 1, 4}, {3, 1, 4, 2, 0}, {0, 2, 1, 4, 3}, {0, 2, 1, 4, 3}},
 
-            {{2, 4, 3, 0, 1}, {2, 0, 4, 1, 3}, {1, 3, 0, 2, 4}, {1, 0, 3, 4, 2}, {0, 3, 2, 1, 4}}};
+            {{2, 4, 3, 0, 1}, {2, 0, 4, 1, 3}, {1, 3, 0, 2, 4}, {1, 0, 3, 4, 2}, {0, 3, 2, 1, 4}}
+        };
 
         auto a0 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 2}, 0);
         auto a1 = xt::argpartition(py_a, {1, 4}, 1);
diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
index e10ba74c2..91d6805cf 100644
--- a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -56,17 +56,19 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(lhs, rhs));
         }
         {
-            auto data = std::vector<double>{
-                1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
+            auto data = std::vector<double>{1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,
+                                            11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
             auto simple_xtensor_12 = xt::xtensor<double, 2, layout_type::row_major>{
                 {1, 2, 3, 4},
                 {5, 6, 7, 8},
-                {9, 10, 11, 12}};
+                {9, 10, 11, 12}
+            };
             auto simple_xtensor_16 = xt::xtensor<double, 2, layout_type::row_major>{
                 {1, 2, 3, 4},
                 {5, 6, 7, 8},
                 {9, 10, 11, 12},
-                {13, 14, 15, 16}};
+                {13, 14, 15, 16}
+            };
             auto adapter_strided_noncont = xt::adapt(
                 data.data(),
                 12,
@@ -188,8 +190,8 @@ namespace xt
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(linear_adapter2, strided_adapter));
                 EXPECT_TRUE(check_strided_assign(strided_adapter, linear_adapter2));
                 xt::noalias(strided_adapter) = linear_adapter2;
-                auto result_expected = std::vector<double>{
-                    -1, -1, 3, 4, -1, -1, 7, 8, -1, -1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
+                auto result_expected = std::vector<double>{-1, -1, 3,  4,  -1, -1, 7,  8,  -1, -1,
+                                                           11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20};
                 EXPECT_EQ(data, result_expected);
             }
         }
diff --git a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
index 5b7515527..cd022ff8f 100644
--- a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{24., 25., 26.}, {27., 28., 29.}},
 
-             {{30., 31., 32.}, {33., 34., 35.}}}};
+             {{30., 31., 32.}, {33., 34., 35.}}}
+        };
         auto res = cumsum(arg_0);
         xarray<double> expected = {0.,   1.,   3.,   6.,   10.,  15.,  21.,  28.,  36.,  45.,  55.,  66.,
                                    78.,  91.,  105., 120., 136., 153., 171., 190., 210., 231., 253., 276.,
@@ -90,7 +91,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{30., 32., 34.}, {36., 38., 40.}},
 
-             {{42., 44., 46.}, {48., 50., 52.}}}};
+             {{42., 44., 46.}, {48., 50., 52.}}}
+        };
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(expected_0, res_0)));
 
@@ -107,7 +109,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{42., 44., 46.}, {48., 50., 52.}},
 
-             {{72., 75., 78.}, {81., 84., 87.}}}};
+             {{72., 75., 78.}, {81., 84., 87.}}}
+        };
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res_1, expected_1)));
 
         auto res_2 = cumsum(arg_0, 2);
@@ -123,7 +126,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{24., 25., 26.}, {51., 53., 55.}},
 
-             {{30., 31., 32.}, {63., 65., 67.}}}};
+             {{30., 31., 32.}, {63., 65., 67.}}}
+        };
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(res_2, expected_2)));
 
@@ -141,7 +145,8 @@ namespace xt
 
              {{24., 49., 75.}, {27., 55., 84.}},
 
-             {{30., 61., 93.}, {33., 67., 102.}}}};
+             {{30., 61., 93.}, {33., 67., 102.}}}
+        };
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected_3, res_3));
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(expected_3, res_m1));
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
index 1cc764d7d..c61b3aef6 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> res = {
             {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}},
-            {{13, 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
+            {{13, 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}
+        };
         return res;
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
index 242822c50..a92d074c1 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> res = {
             {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}},
-            {{13, 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
+            {{13, 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}
+        };
         return res;
     }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
index 09a0bf200..6b03b8b56 100644
--- a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ namespace xt
                 dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
                 dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
                 dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
-                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})};
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})
+            };
 
             for (const auto& axes : axes_vec)
             {
@@ -199,7 +200,8 @@ namespace xt
                 dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({2}),
                 dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1}),
                 dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 2}),
-                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})};
+                dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({0, 1, 2})
+            };
 
             for (const auto& axes : axes_vec)
             {
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index c4edd3ade..b1746e8d4 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -608,7 +608,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<double> e = {
             {{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}}, {{6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11}}},
-            {{{12, 13, 14}, {15, 16, 17}}, {{18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23}}}};
+            {{{12, 13, 14}, {15, 16, 17}}, {{18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23}}}
+        };
 
         xarray<double> d1 = xt::diagonal(e);
 
diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index 848847705..d7ea9befc 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
             {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
             {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}
+        };
         xarray<double> res = xt::arg(cmplarg_0);
     }
 
@@ -113,12 +114,14 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
             {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
             {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}
+        };
         auto cmplres = xt::abs(cmplarg_0);
         xarray<double> cmplexpected = {
             {0.81745298, 0.75933774, 0.44016704},
             {0.54959488, 1.01524554, 0.69331814},
-            {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}};
+            {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}
+        };
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(cmplexpected, cmplres));
 
@@ -126,7 +129,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> cmplexpected_angle = {
             {1.05805307, 0.59857922, 0.74302273},
             {1.10923689, 0.81712241, 0.54213553},
-            {0.58362348, 0.97881125, 1.35044673}};
+            {0.58362348, 0.97881125, 1.35044673}
+        };
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(cmplexpected_angle, cmplres_angle));
 
         using assign_t_angle = xassign_traits<xarray<double>, decltype(cmplres_angle)>;
@@ -139,7 +143,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplexpected_conj = {
             {0.40101756 - 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 - 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 - 0.2977805i},
             {0.24475928 - 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 - 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 - 0.35772892i},
-            {0.63179202 - 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 - 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 - 0.37380143i}};
+            {0.63179202 - 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 - 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 - 0.37380143i}
+        };
         EXPECT_TRUE(allclose(cmplexpected_conj, cmplres_conj));
 
         using assign_t_conj = xassign_traits<xarray<std::complex<double>>, decltype(cmplres_conj)>;
@@ -156,7 +161,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> fieldnorm = {
             {0.66822937, 0.5765938, 0.19374703},
             {0.30205453, 1.0307235, 0.48069004},
-            {0.57322529, 0.62248637, 0.14673763}};
+            {0.57322529, 0.62248637, 0.14673763}
+        };
 
         using assign_t_norm = xassign_traits<xarray<double>, decltype(cmplres_norm)>;
 
@@ -172,7 +178,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
             {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
             {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}
+        };
         auto cmplres = xt::arg(cmplarg_0);
 
         auto evc = xt::eval(cmplres);
@@ -197,7 +204,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> A = {
             {0.81745298, 0.75933774, 0.44016704},
             {0.54959488, 1.01524554, 0.69331814},
-            {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}};
+            {0.75711643, 0.78897806, 0.38306348}
+        };
         xarray<double> B = xt::real(xt::conj(A));
         EXPECT_EQ(A, B);
     }
@@ -229,12 +237,14 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::complex<double>> arg = {
             {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
             {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}
+        };
 
         xarray<std::complex<double>> compare = {
             {0.401 + 0.712i, 0.627 + 0.427i, 0.324 + 0.297i},
             {0.244 + 0.492i, 0.694 + 0.740i, 0.593 + 0.357i},
-            {0.631 + 0.417i, 0.440 + 0.654i, 0.083 + 0.373i}};
+            {0.631 + 0.417i, 0.440 + 0.654i, 0.083 + 0.373i}
+        };
 
         auto veryclose = isclose(arg, compare, 1e-5);
         auto looselyclose = isclose(arg, compare, 1e-1);
diff --git a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
index dcae42262..a0b34d03d 100644
--- a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<tp> tarr = {
             std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
             std::chrono::system_clock::now(),
-            std::chrono::system_clock::now()};
+            std::chrono::system_clock::now()
+        };
 
         auto hours = std::chrono::hours(15);
 
diff --git a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
index f6362c1ab..abe1b2334 100644
--- a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
 
         auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.dimension(), size_t(2));
@@ -78,7 +79,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
 
         auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, keep(0, 2), range(1, 4)}));
         auto iter = view0.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
 
         auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, drop(1), range(1, 4)}));
         EXPECT_EQ(view0.dimension(), size_t(2));
@@ -140,7 +143,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
 
         auto view0 = dynamic_view(a, xdynamic_slice_vector({1, drop(1), range(1, 4)}));
         auto iter = view0.template begin<layout_type::row_major>();
@@ -165,7 +169,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
 
         xarray<int> b1 = {{13, 14, 15}, {21, 22, 23}};
         xarray<int> b2 = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
diff --git a/test/test_xio.cpp b/test/test_xio.cpp
index 02b457398..4b9a6f364 100644
--- a/test/test_xio.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xio.cpp
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<double> e{
             {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}, {7, 8}},
             {{9, 10}, {11, 12}, {7, 9}, {11, 14}},
-            {{5, 26}, {7, 8}, {10, 8}, {4, 3}}};
+            {{5, 26}, {7, 8}, {10, 8}, {4, 3}}
+        };
         std::stringstream out;
         out << e;
         EXPECT_EQ(threed_double, out.str());
@@ -241,7 +242,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xarray<std::string> e = {
             {"some", "random very long and very very", "boring"},
-            {"strings", "in", "xtensor xarray"}};
+            {"strings", "in", "xtensor xarray"}
+        };
         std::stringstream out;
         out << e;
         EXPECT_EQ(long_strings, out.str());
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 2eea8cc43..cb31ef846 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -276,7 +276,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray<double> arr{
             {1.0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()},
-            {std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(), 0.0}};
+            {std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(), 0.0}
+        };
         xarray<bool> expected{{false, true}, {true, false}};
         EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(expected, xt::isnan(arr))));
     }
@@ -955,7 +956,8 @@ namespace xt
                 420.,
                 460.,
                 500.,
-                540.};
+                540.
+            };
             xt::xarray<double> phase_deg = xt::fmod(xt::linspace<double>(0, 720, 19), 360) - 180;
             auto unwrapped = xt::unwrap(phase_deg, xnone(), -1, 360.0);
             EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(expected, unwrapped));
diff --git a/test/test_xmime.cpp b/test/test_xmime.cpp
index c547e1b68..a31ead858 100644
--- a/test/test_xmime.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmime.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ namespace xt
 
         nlohmann::json ref = {
             {"text/html",
-             "<table style='border-style:solid;border-width:1px;'><tbody><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 0)'><pre>  1.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 1)'><pre>  2.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 2)'><pre>  3.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 3)'><pre>  4.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 0)'><pre>  5.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 1)'><pre>  6.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 2)'><pre>  7.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 3)'><pre>  8.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 0)'><pre>  9.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 1)'><pre> 10.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 2)'><pre> 11.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 3)'><pre> 12.</pre></td></tr></tbody></table>"}};
+             "<table style='border-style:solid;border-width:1px;'><tbody><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 0)'><pre>  1.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 1)'><pre>  2.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 2)'><pre>  3.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(0, 3)'><pre>  4.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 0)'><pre>  5.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 1)'><pre>  6.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 2)'><pre>  7.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(1, 3)'><pre>  8.</pre></td></tr><tr><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 0)'><pre>  9.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 1)'><pre> 10.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 2)'><pre> 11.</pre></td><td style='font-family:monospace;' title='(2, 3)'><pre> 12.</pre></td></tr></tbody></table>"
+            }
+        };
 
         EXPECT_EQ(ser, ref);
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index 71ab5342e..6b8e84775 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<double> exp = {
             {0, 0, 123},
-            {0.5123, std::numeric_limits<double>::lowest(), std::numeric_limits<double>::max()}};
+            {0.5123, std::numeric_limits<double>::lowest(), std::numeric_limits<double>::max()}
+        };
         xarray<double> assigned = exp;
         EXPECT_EQ(assigned, exp);
     }
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index 22f4cec73..d0c94f332 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -47,12 +47,14 @@ namespace xt
              {0.05873659, 0.66191764, 0.01448838}},
             {{0.175919, 0.13850365, 0.94059426},
              {0.79941809, 0.5124432, 0.51364796},
-             {0.25721979, 0.41608858, 0.06255319}}};
+             {0.25721979, 0.41608858, 0.06255319}}
+        };
 
         xarray<bool> barr = {
             {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1}},
             {{1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}},
-            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}};
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}
+        };
 
         xarray<int> iarr1d = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
 
@@ -86,7 +88,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<bool> barr = {
             {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1}},
             {{1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}},
-            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}};
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}
+        };
 
         std::ifstream bstream(get_load_filename("files/xnpy_files/bool"));
         detail::npy_file npy = detail::load_npy_file(bstream);
@@ -133,7 +136,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<bool> barr = {
             {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1}},
             {{1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0}},
-            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}};
+            {{0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}
+        };
 
         xtensor<uint64_t, 1> ularr = {12ul, 14ul, 16ul, 18ul, 1234321ul};
         dump_npy(filename, barr);
diff --git a/test/test_xoperation.cpp b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
index 8410d9545..71c163e18 100644
--- a/test/test_xoperation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
@@ -573,11 +573,8 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(expected, argwhere(a));
 
             int_container_2d b = {{0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0}};
-            std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_b = {
-                {0, 1},
-                {0, 2},
-                {1, 0},
-                {1, 1}};
+            std::vector<xindex_type_t<typename int_container_2d::shape_type>> expected_b =
+                {{0, 1}, {0, 2}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}};
             EXPECT_EQ(expected_b, argwhere(b));
 
             auto c = equal(b, 0);
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional.cpp b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
index 4401903b9..72d0b361a 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray_optional<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
 
@@ -181,7 +182,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray_optional<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
 
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
@@ -373,7 +375,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray_optional<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
 
@@ -400,7 +403,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xarray_optional<int> a = {
             {{0, 1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {8, 9, 10, 11}},
-            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}};
+            {{12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18, 19}, {20, 21, 22, 23}}
+        };
         a(1, 0, 1).has_value() = false;
         a(1, 2, 3).has_value() = false;
 
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
index 7bb413426..2c1971ab2 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
@@ -508,10 +508,12 @@ namespace xt
         using opt = xtl::xoptional<double>;
         d_opt_ass_type a = {
             {opt(1.), opt(2., false), opt(3., false), opt(4.)},
-            {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8., false)}};
+            {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8., false)}
+        };
         xarray_optional<double> b = {
             {opt(1.), opt(2.), opt(3., false), opt(4., false)},
-            {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8.)}};
+            {opt(5., false), opt(6.), opt(7.), opt(8.)}
+        };
 
         d_opt_ass_type res = a + b;
         EXPECT_EQ(res(0, 0), opt(2.));
@@ -529,13 +531,15 @@ namespace xt
         using opt = xtl::xoptional<int>;
         dyn_opt_ass_type a = {
             {opt(1), opt(2, false), opt(3, false), opt(4)},
-            {opt(5, false), opt(6), opt(7), opt(8, false)}};
+            {opt(5, false), opt(6), opt(7), opt(8, false)}
+        };
         xarray<int> b = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}};
 
         dyn_opt_ass_type c = a + b;
         dyn_opt_ass_type res = {
             {opt(2), opt(4, false), opt(6, false), opt(8)},
-            {opt(10, false), opt(12), opt(14), opt(16, false)}};
+            {opt(10, false), opt(12), opt(14), opt(16, false)}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(res, c);
 
         dyn_opt_ass_type d = 2 * a;
diff --git a/test/test_xpad.cpp b/test/test_xpad.cpp
index 0b597ebd7..b0f41ed51 100644
--- a/test/test_xpad.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xpad.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ namespace xt
             {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0},
             {0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0},
             {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
+            {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
+        };
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::constant);
 
@@ -77,7 +78,8 @@ namespace xt
             {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2},
             {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5},
             {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5},
-            {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5}};
+            {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5}
+        };
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::edge);
 
@@ -127,7 +129,8 @@ namespace xt
             {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
             {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5},
             {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2},
-            {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5}};
+            {3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5}
+        };
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::wrap);
 
@@ -177,7 +180,8 @@ namespace xt
             {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0},
             {5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
             {5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3},
-            {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0}};
+            {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0}
+        };
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{2, 2}, {3, 3}}, xt::pad_mode::symmetric);
 
@@ -221,11 +225,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};
 
-        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b = {
-            {5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3},
-            {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0},
-            {5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3},
-            {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0}};
+        xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> b =
+            {{5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3}, {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0}, {5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3}, {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0}};
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::pad(a, {{1, 1}, {2, 2}}, xt::pad_mode::reflect);
 
@@ -300,7 +301,8 @@ namespace xt
             {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
             {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
             {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}
+        };
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::tile(a, {3u, 4u});
 
@@ -320,7 +322,8 @@ namespace xt
             {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
             {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
             {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}
+        };
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::tile(a, std::array<size_t, 2>{{3u, 4u}});
 
@@ -340,7 +343,8 @@ namespace xt
             {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5},
             {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
             {2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3},
-            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}};
+            {4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5}
+        };
 
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> c = xt::tile(a, std::vector<size_t>{{3u, 4u}});
 
@@ -353,7 +357,8 @@ namespace xt
         xt::xarray<double> expected = {
             {{1., 0., 0., 0.}, {0., 1., 0., 0.}, {0., 0., 1., 0.}, {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
             {{1., 0., 0., 0.}, {0., 1., 0., 0.}, {0., 0., 1., 0.}, {0., 0., 0., 1.}},
-            {{1., 0., 0., 0.}, {0., 1., 0., 0.}, {0., 0., 1., 0.}, {0., 0., 0., 1.}}};
+            {{1., 0., 0., 0.}, {0., 1., 0., 0.}, {0., 0., 1., 0.}, {0., 0., 0., 1.}}
+        };
         EXPECT_EQ(m, expected);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
index 45e797cc8..2230ce772 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ namespace xt
         xarray<std::complex<double>> cmplarg_0 = {
             {0.40101756 + 0.71233018i, 0.62731701 + 0.42786349i, 0.32415089 + 0.2977805i},
             {0.24475928 + 0.49208478i, 0.69475518 + 0.74029639i, 0.59390240 + 0.35772892i},
-            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}};
+            {0.63179202 + 0.41720995i, 0.44025718 + 0.65472131i, 0.08372648 + 0.37380143i}
+        };
         xarray<std::complex<double>> res = xt::conj(cmplarg_0);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index c58f02db5..bc780b89e 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ namespace xt
             324,   322,  320,  318,  322,  327,  327,  333,  329,  333,  353,  436,   516,  412,  402,  398,
             551,   449,  416,  484,  801,  537,  457,  483,  534,  477,  483,  582,   575,  557,  504,  477,
             515,   643,  627,  627,  546,  515,  497,  577,  1439, 1198, 1591, 1815,  1448, 1117, 960,  847,
-            809,   788,  749,  896,  870,  801,  752};
+            809,   788,  749,  896,  870,  801,  752
+        };
 
         xt::xarray<std::size_t> ex = {
             239, 238, 237, 236, 234, 233, 235, 259, 222, 258, 257, 260, 223, 254, 256, 253, 255, 224, 261,
@@ -169,7 +170,8 @@ namespace xt
             78,  4,   77,  76,  299, 3,   54,  26,  53,  75,  30,  2,   134, 1,   52,  74,  38,  0,   73,
             168, 51,  37,  131, 72,  28,  50,  133, 71,  143, 58,  36,  70,  29,  62,  46,  39,  49,  31,
             45,  55,  56,  66,  48,  60,  63,  42,  35,  59,  69,  44,  27,  68,  67,  61,  65,  32,  57,
-            47,  41,  40,  34,  33,  43,  64};
+            47,  41,  40,  34,  33,  43,  64
+        };
 
         EXPECT_EQ(ex, xt::argsort(a, {0}, xt::sorting_method::stable));
     }
@@ -404,11 +406,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         SUBCASE("complex")
         {
-            xt::xarray<double> a = {
-                927.,  932.,  935.,  943.,  944.,  944.,  945.,  948.,  952.,  962.,  968.,  968.,  969.,
-                969.,  974.,  981.,  993.,  994.,  994.,  1003., 1007., 1008., 1008., 1012., 1013., 1014.,
-                1014., 1017., 1019., 1020., 1023., 1026., 1026., 1028., 1030., 1032., 1039., 1047., 1071.,
-                1080., 1085., 1088., 1111., 1112., 1117., 1119., 1128., 1130., 1209., 1309., 1426.};
+            xt::xarray<double> a = {927.,  932.,  935.,  943.,  944.,  944.,  945.,  948.,  952.,
+                                    962.,  968.,  968.,  969.,  969.,  974.,  981.,  993.,  994.,
+                                    994.,  1003., 1007., 1008., 1008., 1012., 1013., 1014., 1014.,
+                                    1017., 1019., 1020., 1023., 1026., 1026., 1028., 1030., 1032.,
+                                    1039., 1047., 1071., 1080., 1085., 1088., 1111., 1112., 1117.,
+                                    1119., 1128., 1130., 1209., 1309., 1426.};
             xt::xtensor_fixed<std::size_t, xt::xshape<4>> kth = {17, 32, 18, 33};
 
             SUBCASE("1D")
@@ -480,11 +483,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         SUBCASE("complex")
         {
-            const xt::xarray<double> data = {
-                1014., 1017., 1019., 1020., 1023., 1026., 1026., 1028., 1030., 1032., 1039., 1047., 1071.,
-                927.,  932.,  935.,  943.,  944.,  944.,  945.,  948.,  952.,  962.,  968.,  968.,  969.,
-                969.,  974.,  981.,  993.,  994.,  994.,  1003., 1007., 1008., 1008., 1012., 1013., 1014.,
-                1080., 1085., 1088., 1111., 1112., 1117., 1119., 1128., 1130., 1209., 1309., 1426.};
+            const xt::xarray<double> data = {1014., 1017., 1019., 1020., 1023., 1026., 1026., 1028., 1030.,
+                                             1032., 1039., 1047., 1071., 927.,  932.,  935.,  943.,  944.,
+                                             944.,  945.,  948.,  952.,  962.,  968.,  968.,  969.,  969.,
+                                             974.,  981.,  993.,  994.,  994.,  1003., 1007., 1008., 1008.,
+                                             1012., 1013., 1014., 1080., 1085., 1088., 1111., 1112., 1117.,
+                                             1119., 1128., 1130., 1209., 1309., 1426.};
             const xt::xtensor_fixed<std::size_t, xt::xshape<4>> kth = {17, 32, 18, 33};
 
             SUBCASE("1D")
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index 157a29a89..89c6448ec 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data{
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data{1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4)}));
@@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double> a(shape), res(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data{
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data{1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
-        std::vector<double> data_res = {
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data_res = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  4, 4, 4, 9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                        13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data_res.cbegin(), data_res.cend(), res.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
         auto view1 = strided_view(a, xstrided_slice_vector({range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4)}));
         view1.fill(4);
@@ -635,8 +635,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = {
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                    13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto view1 = strided_view(a, {range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4)});
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index dbce1bebc..0ce662e7b 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -351,8 +351,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = {
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                    13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto view1 = view(a, range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4));
@@ -392,11 +392,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape), res(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = {
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                    13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
-        std::vector<double> data_res = {
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data_res = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  4, 4, 4, 9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                        13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 4, 4, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data_res.cbegin(), data_res.cend(), res.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
         auto view1 = view(a, range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4));
         view1.fill(4);
@@ -407,8 +407,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double, layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
-        std::vector<double> data = {
-            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12,
+                                    13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
         std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
 
         auto view1 = view(a, range(0, 2), 1, range(1, 4));
@@ -998,7 +998,8 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
             {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
             {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
-            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}
+        };
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, keep(1), keep(0, 1), keep(0, 3));
         xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
@@ -1039,7 +1040,8 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
             {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
             {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
-            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}
+        };
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, keep(-2), keep(-0, -1), keep(0, -1));
         xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
@@ -1060,7 +1062,8 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
             {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
             {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
-            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}
+        };
 
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, drop(0, 2), keep(0, 1), drop(1, 2));
         xtensor<double, 3> exp_v1 = {{{9, 12}, {13, 16}}};
@@ -1097,7 +1100,8 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<double, 3, layout_type::row_major> a = {
             {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}},
             {{9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
-            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}};
+            {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}}
+        };
 
         // auto v1 = xt::view(a, keep(-2), keep(-0, -1), keep(0, -1));
         auto v1 = xt::view(a, drop(-3, -1), keep(0, 1), drop(-3, -2));
@@ -1413,10 +1417,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         auto b = a * xt::view(a, xt::all(), xt::newaxis());
 
-        xt::xarray<double> exp = {
-            {0.015625, 0.125, -0.015625},
-            {0.125, 1., -0.125},
-            {-0.015625, -0.125, 0.015625}};
+        xt::xarray<double> exp = {{0.015625, 0.125, -0.015625}, {0.125, 1., -0.125}, {-0.015625, -0.125, 0.015625}};
 
         EXPECT_EQ(b, exp);
     }

From 1555d4dca7384fb8479b97bb433c61f34aea40a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Mon, 1 Jan 2024 13:25:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 513/606] Created optimized stack impl

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp       |  8 ++---
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 2302bbb96..460a30046 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -494,9 +494,10 @@ namespace xt
             using size_type = std::size_t;
             using value_type = xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::value_type...>;
 
-            template <class S>
-            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, S index) const
+            template <class It>
+            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, It first, It last) const
             {
+                xindex index(first, last);
                 auto match = [&index, axis](auto& arr)
                 {
                     if (index[axis] >= arr.shape()[axis])
@@ -533,48 +534,59 @@ namespace xt
             using size_type = std::size_t;
             using value_type = xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::value_type...>;
 
-            template <class S>
-            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, S index) const
+            template <class It>
+            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, It first, It last) const
             {
-                auto get_item = [&index](auto& arr)
+                auto get_item = [&](auto& arr)
                 {
-                    return arr[index];
+                    size_t offset = 0;
+                    const size_t end = arr.dimension();
+                    bool after_axis = false;
+                    for(size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
+                    {
+                        if(i == axis)
+                        {
+                            after_axis = true;
+                        }
+                        const auto& stride = arr.strides()[i];
+                        const auto len =  (*(first + i + after_axis));
+                        offset += len * stride;
+                    }
+                    const auto element = arr.begin() + offset;
+                    return *element;
                 };
-                size_type i = index[axis];
-                index.erase(index.begin() + std::ptrdiff_t(axis));
+                size_type i = *(first + axis);
                 return apply<value_type>(i, get_item, t);
             }
         };
 
         template <class... CT>
-        class vstack_access : private concatenate_access<CT...>,
-                              private stack_access<CT...>
+        class vstack_access
         {
         public:
-
             using tuple_type = std::tuple<CT...>;
             using size_type = std::size_t;
             using value_type = xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::value_type...>;
 
-            using concatenate_base = concatenate_access<CT...>;
-            using stack_base = stack_access<CT...>;
-
-            template <class S>
-            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, S index) const
+            template <class It>
+            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, It first, It last) const
             {
                 if (std::get<0>(t).dimension() == 1)
                 {
-                    return stack_base::access(t, axis, index);
+                    return stack.access(t, axis, first, last);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    return concatenate_base::access(t, axis, index);
+                    return concatonate.access(t, axis, first, last);
                 }
             }
+        private:
+            concatenate_access<CT...> concatonate;
+            stack_access<CT...>  stack;
         };
 
         template <template <class...> class F, class... CT>
-        class concatenate_invoker : private F<CT...>
+        class concatenate_invoker
         {
         public:
 
@@ -592,18 +604,18 @@ namespace xt
             inline value_type operator()(Args... args) const
             {
                 // TODO: avoid memory allocation
-                return this->access(m_t, m_axis, xindex({static_cast<size_type>(args)...}));
+                xindex index({static_cast<size_type>(args)...});
+                return access_method.access(m_t, m_axis, index.begin(), index.end());
             }
 
             template <class It>
             inline value_type element(It first, It last) const
             {
-                // TODO: avoid memory allocation
-                return this->access(m_t, m_axis, xindex(first, last));
+                return access_method.access(m_t, m_axis, first, last);
             }
 
         private:
-
+            F<CT...> access_method;
             tuple_type m_t;
             size_type m_axis;
         };
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index c4edd3ade..85aedfa5a 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(11, c(1, 1, 1, 2));
         ASSERT_EQ(11, c(1, 1, 2, 2));
 
-        auto e = arange(1, 4);
+        xarray<double> e = arange(1, 4);
         xarray<double> f = {2, 3, 4};
         xarray<double> k = stack(xtuple(e, f));
         xarray<double> l = stack(xtuple(e, f), 1);
@@ -466,9 +466,9 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(3, l(1, 1));
         ASSERT_EQ(3, l(2, 0));
 
-        auto t = stack(xtuple(arange(3), arange(3, 6), arange(6, 9)));
-        xarray<double> ar = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}};
-        ASSERT_TRUE(t == ar);
+        // auto t = stack(xtuple(arange(3), arange(3, 6), arange(6, 9)));
+        // xarray<double> ar = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}};
+        // ASSERT_TRUE(t == ar);
     }
 
     TEST(xbuilder, hstack)

From 995896b17f8f4e3f4e4df12762d147c6ce765335 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Mon, 1 Jan 2024 16:42:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 514/606] More generic implementation

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 5 +++--
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp       | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 460a30046..e4e49bba3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ namespace xt
             using value_type = xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::value_type...>;
 
             template <class It>
-            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, It first, It last) const
+            inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, It first, It) const
             {
                 auto get_item = [&](auto& arr)
                 {
@@ -548,7 +548,8 @@ namespace xt
                         {
                             after_axis = true;
                         }
-                        const auto& stride = arr.strides()[i];
+                        const auto& shape = arr.shape();
+                        const size_t stride = std::accumulate(shape.begin() + i + 1, shape.end(), 1, std::multiplies<size_t>());
                         const auto len =  (*(first + i + after_axis));
                         offset += len * stride;
                     }
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 85aedfa5a..810d0255b 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -466,9 +466,9 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(3, l(1, 1));
         ASSERT_EQ(3, l(2, 0));
 
-        // auto t = stack(xtuple(arange(3), arange(3, 6), arange(6, 9)));
-        // xarray<double> ar = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}};
-        // ASSERT_TRUE(t == ar);
+        auto t = stack(xtuple(arange(3), arange(3, 6), arange(6, 9)));
+        xarray<double> ar = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}};
+        ASSERT_TRUE(t == ar);
     }
 
     TEST(xbuilder, hstack)

From 72daceedefacfd8c0098cab845c727e3fb923acd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Mon, 1 Jan 2024 17:07:06 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 515/606] run pre-commit

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 19 ++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index e4e49bba3..6be2775c3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -542,15 +542,20 @@ namespace xt
                     size_t offset = 0;
                     const size_t end = arr.dimension();
                     bool after_axis = false;
-                    for(size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
                     {
-                        if(i == axis)
+                        if (i == axis)
                         {
                             after_axis = true;
                         }
                         const auto& shape = arr.shape();
-                        const size_t stride = std::accumulate(shape.begin() + i + 1, shape.end(), 1, std::multiplies<size_t>());
-                        const auto len =  (*(first + i + after_axis));
+                        const size_t stride = std::accumulate(
+                            shape.begin() + i + 1,
+                            shape.end(),
+                            1,
+                            std::multiplies<size_t>()
+                        );
+                        const auto len = (*(first + i + after_axis));
                         offset += len * stride;
                     }
                     const auto element = arr.begin() + offset;
@@ -565,6 +570,7 @@ namespace xt
         class vstack_access
         {
         public:
+
             using tuple_type = std::tuple<CT...>;
             using size_type = std::size_t;
             using value_type = xtl::promote_type_t<typename std::decay_t<CT>::value_type...>;
@@ -581,9 +587,11 @@ namespace xt
                     return concatonate.access(t, axis, first, last);
                 }
             }
+
         private:
+
             concatenate_access<CT...> concatonate;
-            stack_access<CT...>  stack;
+            stack_access<CT...> stack;
         };
 
         template <template <class...> class F, class... CT>
@@ -616,6 +624,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
         private:
+
             F<CT...> access_method;
             tuple_type m_t;
             size_type m_axis;

From 6ff26745b33245f66461b906472f0008785dc574 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Mon, 1 Jan 2024 18:28:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 516/606] Updated concatenate access

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index 6be2775c3..e124d764c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -497,20 +497,44 @@ namespace xt
             template <class It>
             inline value_type access(const tuple_type& t, size_type axis, It first, It last) const
             {
-                xindex index(first, last);
-                auto match = [&index, axis](auto& arr)
+                // trim off extra indices if provided to match behavior of containers
+                auto dim_offset = std::distance(first, last) - std::get<0>(t).dimension();
+                size_t axis_dim = *(first + axis + dim_offset);
+                auto match = [&](auto& arr)
                 {
-                    if (index[axis] >= arr.shape()[axis])
+                    if (axis_dim >= arr.shape()[axis])
                     {
-                        index[axis] -= arr.shape()[axis];
+                        axis_dim -= arr.shape()[axis];
                         return false;
                     }
                     return true;
                 };
 
-                auto get = [&index](auto& arr)
+                auto get = [&](auto& arr)
                 {
-                    return arr[index];
+                    size_t offset = 0;
+                    const size_t end = arr.dimension();
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
+                    {
+                        const auto& shape = arr.shape();
+                        const size_t stride = std::accumulate(
+                            shape.begin() + i + 1,
+                            shape.end(),
+                            1,
+                            std::multiplies<size_t>()
+                        );
+                        if (i == axis)
+                        {
+                            offset += axis_dim * stride;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            const auto len = (*(first + i + dim_offset));
+                            offset += len * stride;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    const auto element = arr.begin() + offset;
+                    return *element;
                 };
 
                 size_type i = 0;

From e515bcb38b7d8e662aaa056ef9c56cf6c425f416 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Matwey V. Kornilov" <matwey.kornilov@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jan 2024 23:11:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 517/606] Use L suffix for long double constants

Partially fix #2328
---
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index d7ea9befc..56fd0eea6 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -308,15 +308,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using cmplx = std::complex<long double>;
         xt::xtensor<cmplx, 2> a = xt::empty<cmplx>({5, 5});
-        xt::real(a) = 123.321;
-        xt::imag(a) = -123.321;
+        xt::real(a) = 123.321L;
+        xt::imag(a) = -123.321L;
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(4, 4), cmplx(123.321, -123.321));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(4, 4), cmplx(123.321L, -123.321L));
 
         xt::real(a) = xt::imag(a);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0), cmplx(-123.321, -123.321));
-        EXPECT_EQ(a(4, 4), cmplx(-123.321, -123.321));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0), cmplx(-123.321L, -123.321L));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(4, 4), cmplx(-123.321L, -123.321L));
     }
 
     TEST(xcomplex, build_from_double)

From 6028519c142b1699dfe6bd0d7edf964632391c89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Matwey V. Kornilov" <matwey.kornilov@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jan 2024 23:53:21 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 518/606] Use 1/4 step for testing arange

Partially fix #2328
---
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index b1746e8d4..f109545f8 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_EQ(m_assigned(10), 15.f);
         ASSERT_EQ(m_assigned(3), 11.5f);
 
-        auto l3 = arange<float>(0, 1, 0.3f);
+        auto l3 = arange<float>(0, 0.99f, 0.25f);
         decltype(l3)::shape_type expected_shape_2 = {4};
         ASSERT_EQ(l3.shape(), expected_shape_2);
         ASSERT_EQ(l3[{0}], 0.f);
-        ASSERT_EQ(3.f * 0.3f, l3[{3}]);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0.25f * 3.f, l3[{3}]);
 
         auto l4 = arange<int>(0, 10, 3);
         ASSERT_EQ(l4.shape(), expected_shape_2);

From 4045fb299b006c92ede4f2e9a92c2283e8500975 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jan 2024 18:36:12 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 519/606] Update xbuilder.hpp

---
 include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
index e124d764c..c6ee20ea1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -565,12 +565,12 @@ namespace xt
                 {
                     size_t offset = 0;
                     const size_t end = arr.dimension();
-                    bool after_axis = false;
+                    size_t after_axis = 0;
                     for (size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
                     {
                         if (i == axis)
                         {
-                            after_axis = true;
+                            after_axis = 1;
                         }
                         const auto& shape = arr.shape();
                         const size_t stride = std::accumulate(

From 037ffdf082d7d7b9cf63aa0f939c4ed0b4eb10f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laramie Leavitt <lar@google.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2024 11:00:01 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 520/606] Minor to_array cleanups

`#include <array>` for std::array
Namespace qualify `to_array` as `xt::to_array` to avoid ambiguous overload from adl of `std::array`. Note: This could, perhaps, be `std::to_array` instead.
---
 include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
index 67c122e75..7c56f7a53 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
+#include <array>
 
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xiterable.hpp"
@@ -791,7 +792,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto index_view(E&& e, const xindex (&indices)[L]) noexcept
     {
         using view_type = xindex_view<xclosure_t<E>, std::array<xindex, L>>;
-        return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), to_array(indices));
+        return view_type(std::forward<E>(e), xt::to_array(indices));
     }
 
     /**

From c6c549335d565617ceb109623e54dd84b2a828af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2024 09:59:03 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 521/606] Added more compilers

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml      | 183 ----------------------------------
 .github/workflows/linux.yml   |  91 +++++++++++++++++
 .github/workflows/osx.yml     |  50 ++++++++++
 .github/workflows/windows.yml |  63 ++++++++++++
 environment-dev.yml           |   1 +
 5 files changed, 205 insertions(+), 183 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/linux.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/osx.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/windows.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index ba9a1ed36..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-name: CI
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches: [master]
-
-jobs:
-
-  linux:
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
-        sys:
-        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
-        - {compiler: clang, version: '15', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
-        - {compiler: clang, version: '16', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
-        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
-        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
-        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
-        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
-        - {compiler: default, version: '', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
-
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash -e -l {0}
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }}${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
-    steps:
-
-    - name: Setup GCC
-      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc' }}
-      run: |
-        echo "CC=gcc-${{ matrix.sys.version }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo "CXX=g++-${{ matrix.sys.version }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-    - name: Setup clang
-      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang' }}
-      run: |
-        LLVM_VERSION=${{ matrix.sys.version }}
-        wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - || exit 1
-        if [[ $LLVM_VERSION -ge 13 ]]; then
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-$LLVM_VERSION main" || exit 1
-        else
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal main" || exit 1
-        fi || exit 1
-        sudo apt-get update || exit 1
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install clang-$LLVM_VERSION || exit 1
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-9 g++-9-multilib || exit 1
-        sudo ln -s /usr/include/asm-generic /usr/include/asm
-        CC=clang-$LLVM_VERSION
-        echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        CXX=clang++-$LLVM_VERSION
-        echo "CXX=$CXX" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-    - name: Set conda environment
-      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
-      with:
-        environment-name: myenv
-        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-        init-shell: bash
-        cache-downloads: true
-        create-args: |
-          ${{ (matrix.sys.name == 'tbb' || matrix.sys.name == 'xsimd-tbb' ) && 'tbb-devel' || '' }}
-
-    - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
-
-    - name: Install
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --install .
-
-    - name: Build
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
-
-    - name: Run tests
-      working-directory: build
-      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
-
-  macos:
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        runs-on: [macos-latest]
-
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash -e -l {0}
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • default - default
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
-    steps:
-
-    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-    - name: Set conda environment
-      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
-      with:
-        environment-name: myenv
-        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-        init-shell: bash
-        cache-downloads: true
-
-    - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON
-
-    - name: Install
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --install .
-
-    - name: Build
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
-
-    - name: Run tests
-      working-directory: build
-      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
-
-  windows:
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        runs-on: [windows-latest]
-        sys:
-        - {compiler: default}
-        - {compiler: clang}
-
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash -e -l {0}
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.runs-on }} • ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} - default
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
-    steps:
-
-    - name: Setup MSVC
-      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'default'
-      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-
-    - name: Setup clang
-      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang'
-      run: |
-        echo "CC=clang" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo "CXX=clang++" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-    - name: Set conda environment
-      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
-      with:
-        environment-name: myenv
-        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
-        init-shell: bash
-        cache-downloads: true
-        create-args: |
-          ninja
-
-    - name: Configure using CMake
-      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
-
-    - name: Install
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --install .
-
-    - name: Build
-      working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
-
-    - name: Run tests
-      working-directory: build
-      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97d8cb094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+name: Linux
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash -e -l {0}
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    name: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        sys:
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '15', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '16', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '8', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '9', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '10', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Setup GCC
+      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc' }}
+      run: |
+        GCC_VERSION=${{ matrix.sys.version }}
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$GCC_VERSION
+        CC=gcc-$GCC_VERSION
+        echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        CXX=g++-$GCC_VERSION
+        echo "CXX=$CXX" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Setup clang
+      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang' }}
+      run: |
+        LLVM_VERSION=${{ matrix.sys.version }}
+        wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - || exit 1
+        if [[ $LLVM_VERSION -ge 13 ]]; then
+          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-$LLVM_VERSION main" || exit 1
+        else
+          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal main" || exit 1
+        fi || exit 1
+        sudo apt-get update || exit 1
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install clang-$LLVM_VERSION || exit 1
+        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-9 g++-9-multilib || exit 1
+        sudo ln -s /usr/include/asm-generic /usr/include/asm
+        CC=clang-$LLVM_VERSION
+        echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        CXX=clang++-$LLVM_VERSION
+        echo "CXX=$CXX" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+        create-args: |
+          ${{ (matrix.sys.name == 'tbb' || matrix.sys.name == 'xsimd-tbb' ) && 'tbb-devel' || '' }}
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      #      env:
+      #        CC: ${{ env.CC }}
+      #        CXX: ${{ env.CXX }}
+      run: cmake -G Ninja -Bbuild -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$CC -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$CXX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
+
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
diff --git a/.github/workflows/osx.yml b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55b3f816c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+name: OSX
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash -e -l {0}
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: macos-${{ matrix.os }}
+    name: macos-${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os:
+        - 11
+        - 12
+
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON
+
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..133e6c7c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+name: Windows
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash -e -l {0}
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        runs-on: [windows-latest]
+        sys:
+        - {compiler: default}
+        - {compiler: clang}
+
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Setup MSVC
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'default'
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+
+    - name: Setup clang
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang'
+      run: |
+        echo "CC=clang" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "CXX=clang++" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+        create-args: |
+          ninja
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      run: cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -G Ninja
+
+    - name: Install
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --install .
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index 81dd49ab0..acfeaa22d 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ dependencies:
 - nlohmann_json
 - doctest=2.4.7
 - pre-commit
+- ninja

From df9323949ebdcf22eeb6813440bf7612629604cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2024 22:39:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 522/606] Fixed linter

---
 include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
index 7c56f7a53..aa619520b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@
 #define XTENSOR_INDEX_VIEW_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
-#include <array>
 
 #include "xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xiterable.hpp"

From 3634f2ded19e0cf38208c8b86cea9e1d7c8e397d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2024 22:03:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 523/606] Release 0.25.0

---
 README.md                          |  1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst          | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp |  4 ++--
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c98905996..8802a5125 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^10.0.0     |
+|  0.25.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
 |  0.24.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
 |  0.24.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
 |  0.24.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 0083461b6..b04f282e4 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,38 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.25.0
+------
+
+- Fix conversion warning in xrepeat
+  `# 2732 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2732`
+- Upraded to xsimd 11
+  `# 2735 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2735`
+- Update to use XTENSOR_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT when using XSIMD
+  `# 2739 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2739`
+- Removed failing test xinfo on clang 16
+  `# 2740 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2740`
+- [CI] Switching to mamba-org/setup-micromamba
+  `# 2742 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2742`
+- Bump cmake version and resolve build issues
+  `# 2744 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2744`
+- Make reshape_view accept -1 as a wildcard dimension
+  `# 2746 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2746`
+- Fixing bug in argmin/argmax called with axis on rank-1 container
+  `# 2753 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2753`
+- pre-commit autoupdate
+  `# 2754 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2754`
+- Use L suffix for long double constants
+  `# 2762 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2762`
+- Use 1/4 step for testing arange
+  `# 2763 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2763`
+- [Optimization] Updated concatenate_access and stack_access to remove allocations
+  `# 2759 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2759`
+- [CI] Added more compilers
+  `# 2767 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2767`
+- Minor xindex_view to_array cleanup
+  `# 2765 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2765`
+
 0.24.7
 ------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
index b94c89c52..f3fbb1d82 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 #define XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 24
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 7
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 25
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 22ad9ead5c7ed2cdfb525653e495a697517e212e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2024 22:41:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 524/606] Updated badges in README

---
 README.md | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8802a5125..a52909a17 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # ![xtensor](docs/source/xtensor.svg)
 
-[![GithubActions](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+![linux](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg)
+![osx](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/osx.yml/badge.svg)
+![windows](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/windows.yml/badge.svg)
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)
@@ -95,8 +97,8 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^10.0.0     |
-|  0.25.0   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
+|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^11.0.0     |
+|  0.25.0   | ^0.7.5  |       ^11.0.0     |
 |  0.24.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
 |  0.24.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
 |  0.24.5   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |

From a17f3de23f9bd08ad009539ff9876636ff7612c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2024 22:46:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 525/606] Links to GHA in badges

---
 README.md | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a52909a17..7be17f6ee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # ![xtensor](docs/source/xtensor.svg)
 
-![linux](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg)
-![osx](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/osx.yml/badge.svg)
-![windows](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/windows.yml/badge.svg)
+[![GHA Linux](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/linux.yml)
+[![GHA OSX](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/osx.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/osx.yml)
+[![GHA Windows](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/windows.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/windows.yml)
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)

From 4507f14dadc3746b0ed94ebd17982326ccfc30da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2024 15:27:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 526/606] adding temporary memory switch in
 xsemantic_base::operator=.

---
 CMakeLists.txt                 |   5 ++
 include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp |  23 ++++++
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp  |  36 ++++++++
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp |  15 ++++
 include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp  |  37 +++++++++
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp     | 147 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 263 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 92c886dfc..c9580973d 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ target_link_libraries(xtensor INTERFACE xtl)
 
 OPTION(XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT "xtensor bound check" OFF)
 OPTION(XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION "xtensor dimension check" OFF)
+OPTION(XTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS "xtensor force the use of temporary memory when assigning instead of an automatic overlap check" ON)
 OPTION(BUILD_TESTS "xtensor test suite" OFF)
 OPTION(BUILD_BENCHMARK "xtensor benchmark" OFF)
 OPTION(DOWNLOAD_GTEST "build gtest from downloaded sources" OFF)
@@ -219,6 +220,10 @@ if(XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION)
     add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION)
 endif()
 
+if(XTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS)
+    add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS)
+endif()
+
 if(DEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR)
     add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT=layout_type::column_major)
 endif()
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
index 798b9cc9d..20b04edab 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -118,6 +118,29 @@ namespace xt
         return linear_end(c.expression());
     }
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xbroadcast, E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                using ChildE = std::decay_t<decltype(expr.expression())>;
+                return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<ChildE>::check_overlap(expr.expression(), dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     /**
      * @class xbroadcast
      * @brief Broadcasted xexpression to a specified shape.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 08a3dc1c1..f11362cdb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -162,6 +162,42 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xfunction, E>::value>>
+    {
+        template <std::size_t I = 0, class... T, std::enable_if_t<(I == sizeof...(T)), int> = 0>
+        static bool check_tuple(const std::tuple<T...>&, const memory_range&)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        template <std::size_t I = 0, class... T, std::enable_if_t<(I < sizeof...(T)), int> = 0>
+        static bool check_tuple(const std::tuple<T...>& t, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            using ChildE = std::decay_t<decltype(std::get<I>(t))>;
+            return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<ChildE>::check_overlap(std::get<I>(t), dst_range)
+                   || check_tuple<I + 1>(t, dst_range);
+        }
+
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return check_tuple(expr.arguments(), dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     /*************
      * xfunction *
      *************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index 551bb7e24..03433adca 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -76,6 +76,21 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = std::size_t;
     };
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xgenerator, E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E&, const memory_range&)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
     /**
      * @class xgenerator
      * @brief Multidimensional function operating on indices.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
index 41f14951c..8aa76cfc9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -217,6 +217,29 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class R = void>
     using disable_xcontainer_semantics = typename std::enable_if<!has_container_semantics<E>::value, R>::type;
 
+
+    template <class D>
+    class xview_semantic;
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_crtp_base_of<xview_semantic, E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                using ChildE = std::decay_t<decltype(expr.expression())>;
+                return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<ChildE>::check_overlap(expr.expression(), dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     /**
      * @class xview_semantic
      * @brief Implementation of the xsemantic_base interface for
@@ -598,8 +621,22 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
+#ifdef XTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS
         temporary_type tmp(e);
         return this->derived_cast().assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
+#else
+        auto&& this_derived = this->derived_cast();
+        auto memory_checker = make_overlapping_memory_checker(this_derived);
+        if (memory_checker.check_overlap(e.derived_cast()))
+        {
+            temporary_type tmp(e);
+            return this_derived.assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return this->assign(e);
+        }
+#endif
     }
 
     /**************************************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 137d0e70e..21c452489 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -119,6 +119,20 @@ namespace xt
         using type = T;
     };
 
+    /***************************************
+     * is_specialization_of implementation *
+     ***************************************/
+
+    template <template <class...> class TT, class T>
+    struct is_specialization_of : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <template <class...> class TT, class... Ts>
+    struct is_specialization_of<TT, TT<Ts...>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
     /*******************************
      * remove_class implementation *
      *******************************/
@@ -860,6 +874,139 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class T, class Enable = void>
+    struct has_memory_address : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct has_memory_address<T, void_t<decltype(std::addressof(*std::declval<T>().begin()))>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    struct memory_range
+    {
+        // Checking pointer overlap is more correct in integer values,
+        // for more explanation check https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20170927-00/?p=97095
+        const uintptr_t m_first = 0;
+        const uintptr_t m_last = 0;
+
+        explicit memory_range() = default;
+
+        template <class T>
+        explicit memory_range(T* first, T* last)
+            : m_first(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last < first ? last : first))
+            , m_last(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last < first ? first : last))
+        {
+        }
+
+        template <class T>
+        bool overlaps(T* first, T* last) const
+        {
+            if (first <= last)
+            {
+                return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(first) <= m_last
+                       && reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last) >= m_first;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last) <= m_last
+                       && reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(first) >= m_first;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class E, class Enable = void>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E&, const memory_range&)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E, std::enable_if_t<has_memory_address<E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return dst_range.overlaps(std::addressof(*expr.begin()), std::addressof(*expr.rbegin()));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_base
+    {
+        memory_range m_dst_range;
+
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker_base() = default;
+
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker_base(memory_range dst_memory_range)
+            : m_dst_range(std::move(dst_memory_range))
+        {
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        bool check_overlap(const E& expr) const
+        {
+            if (!m_dst_range.m_first || !m_dst_range.m_last)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E>::check_overlap(expr, m_dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class Dst, class Enable = void>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker : overlapping_memory_checker_base
+    {
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker(const Dst&)
+            : overlapping_memory_checker_base()
+        {
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class Dst>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker<Dst, std::enable_if_t<has_memory_address<Dst>::value>>
+        : overlapping_memory_checker_base
+    {
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker(const Dst& aDst)
+            : overlapping_memory_checker_base(
+                [&]()
+                {
+                    if (aDst.size() == 0)
+                    {
+                        return memory_range();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return memory_range(std::addressof(*aDst.begin()), std::addressof(*aDst.rbegin()));
+                    }
+                }()
+            )
+        {
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class Dst>
+    auto make_overlapping_memory_checker(const Dst& a_dst)
+    {
+        return overlapping_memory_checker<Dst>(a_dst);
+    }
+
     /********************
      * rebind_container *
      ********************/

From 4b53bea5953b4e0681afbaca3506c13fd12c81da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laramie Leavitt <lar@google.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2024 00:08:29 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 527/606] Update for C++ 20 compatability

---
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp    | 18 +++++++++++-------
 test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 137d0e70e..59704937e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -793,12 +793,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using base_type = A;
         using value_type = typename A::value_type;
-        using reference = typename A::reference;
-        using const_reference = typename A::const_reference;
-        using pointer = typename A::pointer;
-        using const_pointer = typename A::const_pointer;
-        using size_type = typename A::size_type;
-        using difference_type = typename A::difference_type;
+        using reference = value_type &;
+        using const_reference = const value_type &;
+        using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::pointer;
+        using const_pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::const_pointer;
+        using size_type = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::size_type;
+        using difference_type = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::difference_type;
 
         tracking_allocator() = default;
 
@@ -821,9 +821,13 @@ namespace xt
             return base_type::allocate(n);
         }
 
-        using base_type::construct;
         using base_type::deallocate;
+
+// Construct and destroy are removed in --std=c++-20
+#if ((defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus < 202002L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG < 202002L))
+        using base_type::construct;
         using base_type::destroy;
+#endif
 
         template <class U>
         struct rebind
diff --git a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
index f58e54620..7af7ad2cd 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        size_t* allocate(size_t n, const void* hint = 0)
+        size_t* allocate(size_t n)
         {
-            size_t* res = std::allocator<size_t>::allocate(n, hint);
+            size_t* res = std::allocator<size_t>::allocate(n);
             // store the size into the result so we can
             // check if the size is correct when we deallocate.
             res[0] = n;

From 5965f914d5d178d52a9f2c45f6eaf4d28aac244b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laramie Leavitt <lar@google.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2024 00:14:49 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 528/606] formatting

---
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 59704937e..f028cecb8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -793,8 +793,8 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using base_type = A;
         using value_type = typename A::value_type;
-        using reference = value_type &;
-        using const_reference = const value_type &;
+        using reference = value_type&;
+        using const_reference = const value_type&;
         using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::pointer;
         using const_pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::const_pointer;
         using size_type = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::size_type;

From 812a599a122156fceea16227eac32769e6e9b9cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Maik Nijhuis <maik.nijhuis@triopsys.nl>
Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2024 15:13:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 529/606] Avoid warnings in compiler version checks

---
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp  | 5 +----
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 6e32df15b..dc3f1c176 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -1087,10 +1087,8 @@ namespace xt
         return xfunction_type(detail::lambda_adapt<F>(std::forward<F>(lambda)), std::forward<E>(args)...);
     }
 
-#define XTENSOR_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
-
 // Workaround for MSVC 2015 & GCC 4.9
-#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910) || (defined(__GNUC__) && GCC_VERSION < 49999)
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910) || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5)
 #define XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
 #endif
 
@@ -1160,7 +1158,6 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
     }
 
-#undef XTENSOR_GCC_VERSION
 #undef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
 
     namespace detail
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 21c452489..bf19f85d2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 #include "xtensor_config.hpp"
 
-#if (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910)
 #define NOEXCEPT(T)
 #else
 #define NOEXCEPT(T) noexcept(T)

From 932e387bfa520e5df981063b31f9708ae1a4b6a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2024 20:49:31 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 530/606] Implemented xtensor FFT

---
 .gitignore                          |   1 +
 CMakeLists.txt                      |   6 +
 README.md                           |   6 +-
 docs/source/api/container_index.rst |   1 +
 docs/source/xfft.rst                |  17 ++
 include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp      |  23 +++
 include/xtensor/xfft.hpp            | 241 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp       |  36 +++++
 include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp      |  15 ++
 include/xtensor/xmath.hpp           |   1 +
 include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp       |  37 +++++
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp          | 147 +++++++++++++++++
 test/CMakeLists.txt                 |   1 +
 test/test_xfft.cpp                  |  86 ++++++++++
 14 files changed, 615 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/xfft.rst
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
 create mode 100644 test/test_xfft.cpp

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 80fa14348..0f4ce3a73 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -62,3 +62,4 @@ __pycache__
 
 # Generated files
 *.pc
+.vscode/settings.json
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 92c886dfc..67c58f083 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfft.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
     ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ target_link_libraries(xtensor INTERFACE xtl)
 
 OPTION(XTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT "xtensor bound check" OFF)
 OPTION(XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION "xtensor dimension check" OFF)
+OPTION(XTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS "xtensor force the use of temporary memory when assigning instead of an automatic overlap check" ON)
 OPTION(BUILD_TESTS "xtensor test suite" OFF)
 OPTION(BUILD_BENCHMARK "xtensor benchmark" OFF)
 OPTION(DOWNLOAD_GTEST "build gtest from downloaded sources" OFF)
@@ -219,6 +221,10 @@ if(XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION)
     add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_ENABLE_CHECK_DIMENSION)
 endif()
 
+if(XTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS)
+    add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS)
+endif()
+
 if(DEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR)
     add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT=layout_type::column_major)
 endif()
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a52909a17..7be17f6ee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # ![xtensor](docs/source/xtensor.svg)
 
-![linux](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg)
-![osx](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/osx.yml/badge.svg)
-![windows](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/windows.yml/badge.svg)
+[![GHA Linux](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/linux.yml)
+[![GHA OSX](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/osx.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/osx.yml)
+[![GHA Windows](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/windows.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/actions/workflows/windows.yml)
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)
diff --git a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
index bb3e2d724..ef8c0ba84 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/container_index.rst
@@ -33,3 +33,4 @@ xexpression API is actually implemented in ``xstrided_container`` and ``xcontain
    xindex_view
    xfunctor_view
    xrepeat
+   xfft
diff --git a/docs/source/xfft.rst b/docs/source/xfft.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78ba5ff7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/xfft.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+xfft
+====
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/xfft.hpp``
+
+.. doxygenclass:: xt::fft_convolve
+   :project: xtensor
+   :members:
+
+.. doxygentypedef:: xt::fft
+   :project: xtensor
+
+.. doxygentypedef:: xt::ifft
+   :project: xtensor
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
index 798b9cc9d..20b04edab 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -118,6 +118,29 @@ namespace xt
         return linear_end(c.expression());
     }
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xbroadcast, E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                using ChildE = std::decay_t<decltype(expr.expression())>;
+                return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<ChildE>::check_overlap(expr.expression(), dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     /**
      * @class xbroadcast
      * @brief Broadcasted xexpression to a specified shape.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..472302d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_TBB
+#include <oneapi/tbb.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
+
+#include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xbuilder.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xcomplex.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xnoalias.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    namespace fft
+    {
+        namespace detail
+        {
+            template <
+                class E,
+                typename std::enable_if<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+            inline auto radix2(E&& e)
+            {
+                using namespace xt::placeholders;
+                using namespace std::complex_literals;
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
+                using precision = typename value_type::value_type;
+                auto N = e.size();
+                const bool powerOfTwo = !(N == 0) && !(N & (N - 1));
+                // check for power of 2
+                if (!powerOfTwo || N == 0)
+                {
+                    // TODO: Replace implementation with dft
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "FFT Implementation requires power of 2");
+                }
+                auto pi = xt::numeric_constants<precision>::PI;
+                xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> ev = e;
+                if (N <= 1)
+                {
+                    return ev;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+#ifdef XTENSOR_USE_TBB
+                    xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> even;
+                    xt::xtensor<value_type, 1> odd;
+                    oneapi::tbb::parallel_invoke(
+                        [&]
+                        {
+                            even = radix2(xt::view(ev, xt::range(0, _, 2)));
+                        },
+                        [&]
+                        {
+                            odd = radix2(xt::view(ev, xt::range(1, _, 2)));
+                        }
+                    );
+#else
+                    auto even = radix2(xt::view(ev, xt::range(0, _, 2)));
+                    auto odd = radix2(xt::view(ev, xt::range(1, _, 2)));
+#endif
+
+                    auto range = xt::arange<double>(N / 2);
+                    auto exp = xt::exp(static_cast<value_type>(-2i) * pi * range / N);
+                    auto t = exp * odd;
+                    auto first_half = even + t;
+                    auto second_half = even - t;
+                    // TODO: should be a call to stack if performance was improved
+                    auto spectrum = xt::xtensor<value_type, 1>::from_shape({N});
+                    xt::view(spectrum, xt::range(0, N / 2)) = first_half;
+                    xt::view(spectrum, xt::range(N / 2, N)) = second_half;
+                    return spectrum;
+                }
+            }
+
+            template <typename E>
+            auto transform_bluestein(E&& data)
+            {
+                using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
+                using precision = typename value_type::value_type;
+
+                // Find a power-of-2 convolution length m such that m >= n * 2 + 1
+                const std::size_t n = data.size();
+                size_t m = std::ceil(std::log2(n * 2 + 1));
+                m = std::pow(2, m);
+
+                // Trignometric table
+                auto exp_table = xt::xtensor<std::complex<precision>, 1>::from_shape({n});
+                xt::xtensor<std::size_t, 1> i = xt::pow(xt::linspace<std::size_t>(0, n - 1, n), 2);
+                i %= (n * 2);
+
+                auto angles = xt::eval(precision{3.141592653589793238463} * i / n);
+                auto j = std::complex<precision>(0, 1);
+                exp_table = xt::exp(-angles * j);
+
+                // Temporary vectors and preprocessing
+                auto av = xt::empty<std::complex<precision>>({m});
+                xt::view(av, xt::range(0, n)) = data * exp_table;
+
+
+                auto bv = xt::empty<std::complex<precision>>({m});
+                xt::view(bv, xt::range(0, n)) = ::xt::conj(exp_table);
+                xt::view(bv, xt::range(-n + 1, xt::placeholders::_)) = xt::view(
+                    ::xt::conj(xt::flip(exp_table)),
+                    xt::range(xt::placeholders::_, -1)
+                );
+
+                // Convolution
+                auto xv = radix2(av);
+                auto yv = radix2(bv);
+                auto spectrum_k = xv * yv;
+                auto complex_args = xt::conj(spectrum_k);
+                auto fft_res = radix2(complex_args);
+                auto cv = xt::conj(fft_res) / m;
+
+                return xt::eval(xt::view(cv, xt::range(0, n)) * exp_table);
+            }
+        }  // namespace detail
+
+        /**
+         * @brief 1D FFT of an Nd array along a specified axis
+         * @param e an Nd expression to be transformed to the fourier domain
+         * @param axis the axis along which to perform the 1D FFT
+         * @return a transformed xarray of the specified precision
+         */
+        template <
+            class E,
+            typename std::enable_if<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+        inline auto fft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+        {
+            using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
+            using precision = typename value_type::value_type;
+            const auto saxis = xt::normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+            const size_t N = e.shape(saxis);
+            const bool powerOfTwo = !(N == 0) && !(N & (N - 1));
+            xt::xarray<std::complex<precision>> out = xt::eval(e);
+            auto begin = xt::axis_slice_begin(out, saxis);
+            auto end = xt::axis_slice_end(out, saxis);
+            for (auto iter = begin; iter != end; iter++)
+            {
+                if (powerOfTwo)
+                {
+                    xt::noalias(*iter) = detail::radix2(*iter);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    xt::noalias(*iter) = detail::transform_bluestein(*iter);
+                }
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @breif 1D FFT of an Nd array along a specified axis
+         * @param e an Nd expression to be transformed to the fourier domain
+         * @param axis the axis along which to perform the 1D FFT
+         * @return a transformed xarray of the specified precision
+         */
+        template <
+            class E,
+            typename std::enable_if<!xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+        inline auto fft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+        {
+            using value_type = typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type;
+            return fft(xt::cast<std::complex<value_type>>(e), axis);
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class E,
+            typename std::enable_if<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+        auto ifft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+        {
+            // check the length of the data on that axis
+            const std::size_t n = e.shape(axis);
+            if (n == 0)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot take the iFFT along an empty dimention");
+            }
+            auto complex_args = xt::conj(e);
+            auto fft_res = xt::fft::fft(complex_args, axis);
+            fft_res = xt::conj(fft_res);
+            return fft_res;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class E,
+            typename std::enable_if<!xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+        inline auto ifft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+        {
+            using value_type = typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type;
+            return ifft(xt::cast<std::complex<value_type>>(e), axis);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * @brief performs a circular fft convolution xvec and yvec must
+         *        be the same shape.
+         * @param xvec first array of the convolution
+         * @param yvec second array of the convolution
+         * @param axis axis along which to perform the convolution
+         */
+        template <typename E1, typename E2>
+        auto convolve(E1&& xvec, E2&& yvec, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
+        {
+            // we could broadcast but that could get complicated???
+            if (xvec.dimension() != yvec.dimension())
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Mismatched dimentions");
+            }
+
+            auto saxis = xt::normalize_axis(xvec.dimension(), axis);
+            if (xvec.shape(saxis) != yvec.shape(saxis))
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Mismatched lengths along slice axis");
+            }
+
+            const std::size_t n = xvec.shape(saxis);
+
+            auto xv = fft(xvec, axis);
+            auto yv = fft(yvec, axis);
+
+            auto begin_x = xt::axis_slice_begin(xv, saxis);
+            auto end_x = xt::axis_slice_end(xv, saxis);
+            auto iter_y = xt::axis_slice_begin(yv, saxis);
+
+            for (auto iter = begin_x; iter != end_x; iter++)
+            {
+                (*iter) = (*iter_y++) * (*iter);
+            }
+
+            auto outvec = ifft(xv, axis);
+
+            // Scaling (because this FFT implementation omits it)
+            outvec = outvec / n;
+
+            return outvec;
+        }
+
+    }
+}  // namespace xt::fft
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
index 08a3dc1c1..f11362cdb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
@@ -162,6 +162,42 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xfunction, E>::value>>
+    {
+        template <std::size_t I = 0, class... T, std::enable_if_t<(I == sizeof...(T)), int> = 0>
+        static bool check_tuple(const std::tuple<T...>&, const memory_range&)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        template <std::size_t I = 0, class... T, std::enable_if_t<(I < sizeof...(T)), int> = 0>
+        static bool check_tuple(const std::tuple<T...>& t, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            using ChildE = std::decay_t<decltype(std::get<I>(t))>;
+            return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<ChildE>::check_overlap(std::get<I>(t), dst_range)
+                   || check_tuple<I + 1>(t, dst_range);
+        }
+
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return check_tuple(expr.arguments(), dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     /*************
      * xfunction *
      *************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
index 551bb7e24..03433adca 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -76,6 +76,21 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = std::size_t;
     };
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xgenerator, E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E&, const memory_range&)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
     /**
      * @class xgenerator
      * @brief Multidimensional function operating on indices.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
index 6e32df15b..3035502a5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(isfinite);
         XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(isinf);
         XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(isnan);
+        XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR(conj);
     }
 
 #undef XTENSOR_UNARY_MATH_FUNCTOR
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
index 41f14951c..8aa76cfc9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -217,6 +217,29 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class R = void>
     using disable_xcontainer_semantics = typename std::enable_if<!has_container_semantics<E>::value, R>::type;
 
+
+    template <class D>
+    class xview_semantic;
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
+        E,
+        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_crtp_base_of<xview_semantic, E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                using ChildE = std::decay_t<decltype(expr.expression())>;
+                return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<ChildE>::check_overlap(expr.expression(), dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     /**
      * @class xview_semantic
      * @brief Implementation of the xsemantic_base interface for
@@ -598,8 +621,22 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     inline auto xsemantic_base<D>::operator=(const xexpression<E>& e) -> derived_type&
     {
+#ifdef XTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS
         temporary_type tmp(e);
         return this->derived_cast().assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
+#else
+        auto&& this_derived = this->derived_cast();
+        auto memory_checker = make_overlapping_memory_checker(this_derived);
+        if (memory_checker.check_overlap(e.derived_cast()))
+        {
+            temporary_type tmp(e);
+            return this_derived.assign_temporary(std::move(tmp));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return this->assign(e);
+        }
+#endif
     }
 
     /**************************************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 137d0e70e..21c452489 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -119,6 +119,20 @@ namespace xt
         using type = T;
     };
 
+    /***************************************
+     * is_specialization_of implementation *
+     ***************************************/
+
+    template <template <class...> class TT, class T>
+    struct is_specialization_of : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <template <class...> class TT, class... Ts>
+    struct is_specialization_of<TT, TT<Ts...>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
     /*******************************
      * remove_class implementation *
      *******************************/
@@ -860,6 +874,139 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    /*************************************
+     * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
+     *************************************/
+
+    template <class T, class Enable = void>
+    struct has_memory_address : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct has_memory_address<T, void_t<decltype(std::addressof(*std::declval<T>().begin()))>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    struct memory_range
+    {
+        // Checking pointer overlap is more correct in integer values,
+        // for more explanation check https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20170927-00/?p=97095
+        const uintptr_t m_first = 0;
+        const uintptr_t m_last = 0;
+
+        explicit memory_range() = default;
+
+        template <class T>
+        explicit memory_range(T* first, T* last)
+            : m_first(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last < first ? last : first))
+            , m_last(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last < first ? first : last))
+        {
+        }
+
+        template <class T>
+        bool overlaps(T* first, T* last) const
+        {
+            if (first <= last)
+            {
+                return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(first) <= m_last
+                       && reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last) >= m_first;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(last) <= m_last
+                       && reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(first) >= m_first;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class E, class Enable = void>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E&, const memory_range&)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class E>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E, std::enable_if_t<has_memory_address<E>::value>>
+    {
+        static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
+        {
+            if (expr.size() == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return dst_range.overlaps(std::addressof(*expr.begin()), std::addressof(*expr.rbegin()));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_base
+    {
+        memory_range m_dst_range;
+
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker_base() = default;
+
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker_base(memory_range dst_memory_range)
+            : m_dst_range(std::move(dst_memory_range))
+        {
+        }
+
+        template <class E>
+        bool check_overlap(const E& expr) const
+        {
+            if (!m_dst_range.m_first || !m_dst_range.m_last)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E>::check_overlap(expr, m_dst_range);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class Dst, class Enable = void>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker : overlapping_memory_checker_base
+    {
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker(const Dst&)
+            : overlapping_memory_checker_base()
+        {
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class Dst>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker<Dst, std::enable_if_t<has_memory_address<Dst>::value>>
+        : overlapping_memory_checker_base
+    {
+        explicit overlapping_memory_checker(const Dst& aDst)
+            : overlapping_memory_checker_base(
+                [&]()
+                {
+                    if (aDst.size() == 0)
+                    {
+                        return memory_range();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return memory_range(std::addressof(*aDst.begin()), std::addressof(*aDst.rbegin()));
+                    }
+                }()
+            )
+        {
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class Dst>
+    auto make_overlapping_memory_checker(const Dst& a_dst)
+    {
+        return overlapping_memory_checker<Dst>(a_dst);
+    }
+
     /********************
      * rebind_container *
      ********************/
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 46127597e..19a03dc4d 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_TESTS
     test_xdynamic_view.cpp
     test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
     test_xfixed.cpp
+    test_xfft.cpp
     test_xhistogram.cpp
     test_xpad.cpp
     test_xindex_view.cpp
diff --git a/test/test_xfft.cpp b/test/test_xfft.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7fd78896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_xfft.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/xfft.hpp"
+
+#include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    TEST(xfft, fft_power_2)
+    {
+        size_t k = 2;
+        size_t n = 8192;
+        size_t A = 10;
+        auto x = xt::linspace<float>(0, static_cast<float>(n - 1), n);
+        xt::xarray<float> y = A * xt::sin(2 * xt::numeric_constants<float>::PI * x * k / n);
+        auto res = xt::fft::fft(y) / (n / 2);
+        REQUIRE(A == doctest::Approx(std::abs(res(k))).epsilon(.0001));
+    }
+
+    TEST(xfft, ifft_power_2)
+    {
+        size_t k = 2;
+        size_t n = 8;
+        size_t A = 10;
+        auto x = xt::linspace<float>(0, static_cast<float>(n - 1), n);
+        xt::xarray<float> y = A * xt::sin(2 * xt::numeric_constants<float>::PI * x * k / n);
+        auto res = xt::fft::ifft(y) / (n / 2);
+        REQUIRE(A == doctest::Approx(std::abs(res(k))).epsilon(.0001));
+    }
+
+    TEST(xfft, convolve_power_2)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<float> x = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 5.0};
+        xt::xarray<float> y = {5.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
+        xt::xarray<float> expected = {12, 12, 12, 28};
+
+        auto result = xt::fft::convolve(x, y);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); i++)
+        {
+            REQUIRE(expected(i) == doctest::Approx(std::abs(result(i))).epsilon(.0001));
+        }
+    }
+
+    TEST(xfft, fft_n_0_axis)
+    {
+        size_t k = 2;
+        size_t n = 10;
+        size_t A = 1;
+        size_t dim = 10;
+        auto x = xt::linspace<float>(0, n - 1, n) * xt::ones<float>({dim, n});
+        xt::xarray<float> y = A * xt::sin(2 * xt::numeric_constants<float>::PI * x * k / n);
+        y = xt::transpose(y);
+        auto res = xt::fft::fft(y, 0) / (n / 2.0);
+        REQUIRE(A == doctest::Approx(std::abs(res(k, 0))).epsilon(.0001));
+        REQUIRE(A == doctest::Approx(std::abs(res(k, 1))).epsilon(.0001));
+    }
+
+    TEST(xfft, fft_n_1_axis)
+    {
+        size_t k = 2;
+        size_t n = 15;
+        size_t A = 1;
+        size_t dim = 2;
+        auto x = xt::linspace<float>(0, n - 1, n) * xt::ones<float>({dim, n});
+        xt::xarray<float> y = A * xt::sin(2 * xt::numeric_constants<float>::PI * x * k / n);
+        auto res = xt::fft::fft(y) / (n / 2.0);
+        REQUIRE(A == doctest::Approx(std::abs(res(0, k))).epsilon(.0001));
+        REQUIRE(A == doctest::Approx(std::abs(res(1, k))).epsilon(.0001));
+    }
+
+    TEST(xfft, convolve_n)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<float> x = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 5.0, 1.0};
+        xt::xarray<float> y = {5.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
+        xt::xarray<size_t> expected = {13, 13, 13, 29, 13};
+
+        auto result = xt::fft::convolve(x, y);
+
+        xt::xarray<float> abs = xt::abs(result);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < abs.size(); i++)
+        {
+            REQUIRE(expected(i) == doctest::Approx(abs(i)).epsilon(.0001));
+        }
+    }
+}

From db9913bbdffc28efa8bc0d73e294d21bc0c9091c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2024 21:21:24 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 531/606] Fix typos

---
 docs/source/xfft.rst     | 6 +++---
 include/xtensor/xfft.hpp | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/xfft.rst b/docs/source/xfft.rst
index 78ba5ff7d..b506c8157 100644
--- a/docs/source/xfft.rst
+++ b/docs/source/xfft.rst
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ xfft
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/xfft.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenclass:: xt::fft_convolve
+.. doxygenclass:: xt::fft::convolve
    :project: xtensor
    :members:
 
-.. doxygentypedef:: xt::fft
+.. doxygentypedef:: xt::fft::fft
    :project: xtensor
 
-.. doxygentypedef:: xt::ifft
+.. doxygentypedef:: xt::fft::ifft
    :project: xtensor
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp b/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
index 472302d07..7682f786e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         /**
-         * @breif 1D FFT of an Nd array along a specified axis
+         * @brief 1D FFT of an Nd array along a specified axis
          * @param e an Nd expression to be transformed to the fourier domain
          * @param axis the axis along which to perform the 1D FFT
          * @return a transformed xarray of the specified precision

From f832f01ea5959f3b5a30a93eda5cc5377a250f92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <drew.hubley@audiopticsmedical.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 15:27:22 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 532/606] Fixed CI added OSX 13 and GCC 12

---
 .github/workflows/linux.yml   | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 .github/workflows/osx.yml     |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/xutils.hpp    | 18 +++++++++++-------
 test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp |  4 ++--
 4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index 97d8cb094..a6d2bab06 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -12,23 +12,24 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash -e -l {0}
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     name: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         sys:
-        - {compiler: clang, version: '15', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
-        - {compiler: clang, version: '16', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
-        - {compiler: gcc, version: '8', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
-        - {compiler: gcc, version: '9', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
-        - {compiler: gcc, version: '10', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
-        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
-        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
-        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
-
+        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: clang, version: '15', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: clang, version: '16', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: gcc, version: '8', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: gcc, version: '9', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '10', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.sys.os }}
     steps:
-
     - name: Setup GCC
       if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc' }}
       run: |
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@ jobs:
         echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         CXX=g++-$GCC_VERSION
         echo "CXX=$CXX" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
     - name: Setup clang
       if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang' }}
       run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/osx.yml b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
index 55b3f816c..fb546a868 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/osx.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os:
-        - 11
         - 12
+        - 13
 
     steps:
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
index 21c452489..46929cb84 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
@@ -807,12 +807,12 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using base_type = A;
         using value_type = typename A::value_type;
-        using reference = typename A::reference;
-        using const_reference = typename A::const_reference;
-        using pointer = typename A::pointer;
-        using const_pointer = typename A::const_pointer;
-        using size_type = typename A::size_type;
-        using difference_type = typename A::difference_type;
+        using reference = value_type&;
+        using const_reference = const value_type&;
+        using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::pointer;
+        using const_pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::const_pointer;
+        using size_type = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::size_type;
+        using difference_type = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::difference_type;
 
         tracking_allocator() = default;
 
@@ -835,9 +835,13 @@ namespace xt
             return base_type::allocate(n);
         }
 
-        using base_type::construct;
         using base_type::deallocate;
+
+// Construct and destroy are removed in --std=c++-20
+#if ((defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus < 202002L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG < 202002L))
+        using base_type::construct;
         using base_type::destroy;
+#endif
 
         template <class U>
         struct rebind
diff --git a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
index f58e54620..7af7ad2cd 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-        size_t* allocate(size_t n, const void* hint = 0)
+        size_t* allocate(size_t n)
         {
-            size_t* res = std::allocator<size_t>::allocate(n, hint);
+            size_t* res = std::allocator<size_t>::allocate(n);
             // store the size into the result so we can
             // check if the size is correct when we deallocate.
             res[0] = n;

From fabd7f7d2a3c297ee6d90cdec3f2b8a67d60ec26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?J=C3=B6rn=20Starru=C3=9F?= <joern@starruss.de>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 09:51:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 533/606] Fix compile issue with clang 19.1.1

---
 include/xtensor/xassign.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
index d30dd6dc9..2ec698ae6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ namespace xt
 
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
                 {
-                    res_stepper.template store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+                    res_stepper.store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
                 }
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
                 {
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ namespace xt
 
                         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_size; ++i)
                         {
-                            res_stepper.template store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
+                            res_stepper.store_simd(fct_stepper.template step_simd<value_type>());
                         }
                         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < simd_rest; ++i)
                         {

From 6601e9318bc251803f9d367b23686fa1d30e6daf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Nov 2024 15:16:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 534/606] Trigger CI


From 5f4019f561fb98a18f3db25a135b8c0026db681e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Tue, 24 Dec 2024 11:44:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 535/606] Fixed OSX build deprecation

---
 .github/workflows/osx.yml | 3 ++-
 environment-dev.yml       | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/osx.yml b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
index fb546a868..00fd99576 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/osx.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os:
-        - 12
         - 13
+        - 14
+        - 15
 
     steps:
 
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index acfeaa22d..39fa4ab21 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ dependencies:
 - xtl=0.7.5
 - xsimd=11.1.0
 - nlohmann_json
-- doctest=2.4.7
+- doctest
 - pre-commit
 - ninja

From afeaba97ef43f8d59ffc6bd08e082f40da8859fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2025 09:14:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 536/606] Update gh-pages.yml

---
 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
index 0dc90f4f3..3fa4622a5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
@@ -23,12 +23,14 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Basic GitHub action setup
       uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-    - name: Set mamba environment "test"
-      uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@main
+   
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
       with:
         environment-file: docs/ghp_environment.yml
         environment-name: xtensor-doc
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
 
     - name: Run doxygen
       working-directory: docs

From cf398ec23221b47431c6d1298f63ee4a6d76ca06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2025 09:20:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 537/606] Update gh-pages.yml

---
 .github/workflows/gh-pages.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
index 3fa4622a5..f86b5256a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Basic GitHub action setup
       uses: actions/checkout@v2
-   
-    - name: Set conda environment
+
+    - name: Set mamba environment
       uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
       with:
         environment-file: docs/ghp_environment.yml

From 268f0f511e70d9d18dc0eb40d91ad4a92b01cce4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 18:44:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 538/606] Upgraded to xsimd 13.2.0

---
 CMakeLists.txt      | 3 +--
 environment-dev.yml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 67c58f083..cbe3e5076 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB AND XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 11.0.0)
+    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 13.2.0)
     if(TARGET xsimd)
         set(xsimd_VERSION ${XSIMD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_MINOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_PATCH})
         # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
@@ -203,7 +203,6 @@ OPTION(XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION "xtensor dimension check" OFF)
 OPTION(XTENSOR_FORCE_TEMPORARY_MEMORY_IN_ASSIGNMENTS "xtensor force the use of temporary memory when assigning instead of an automatic overlap check" ON)
 OPTION(BUILD_TESTS "xtensor test suite" OFF)
 OPTION(BUILD_BENCHMARK "xtensor benchmark" OFF)
-OPTION(DOWNLOAD_GTEST "build gtest from downloaded sources" OFF)
 OPTION(DOWNLOAD_GBENCHMARK "download google benchmark and build from source" ON)
 OPTION(DEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR "set default layout to column major" OFF)
 OPTION(DISABLE_VS2017 "disables the compilation of some test with Visual Studio 2017" OFF)
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index acfeaa22d..cc9492bed 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ channels:
 dependencies:
 - cmake
 - xtl=0.7.5
-- xsimd=11.1.0
+- xsimd=13.2.0
 - nlohmann_json
 - doctest=2.4.7
 - pre-commit

From a46f49081f8e0d88fbda75a85188fe6764840cef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:19:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 539/606] Added missing configuration key for RTD

---
 readthedocs.yml | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/readthedocs.yml b/readthedocs.yml
index f21130321..9b5447ca5 100644
--- a/readthedocs.yml
+++ b/readthedocs.yml
@@ -5,5 +5,9 @@ build:
   tools:
     python: mambaforge-22.9
 
+sphinx:
+  # Path to Sphinx configuration file
+  configuration: docs/source/conf.py
+
 conda:
   environment: docs/rtd_environment.yml

From c2e9b7b189b5ac9b383f6e8acb86566142c7bf9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2025 23:28:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 540/606] Code reorganization

---
 .github/workflows/windows.yml                 |   3 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                                | 160 +++++++++---------
 .../xtensor/{ => chunk}/xchunked_array.hpp    |   4 +-
 .../xtensor/{ => chunk}/xchunked_assign.hpp   |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => chunk}/xchunked_view.hpp |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xadapt.hpp   |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xarray.hpp   |   6 +-
 .../{ => containers}/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp      |   4 +-
 .../xtensor/{ => containers}/xcontainer.hpp   |  16 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xfixed.hpp   |  10 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xscalar.hpp  |  10 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xstorage.hpp |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xtensor.hpp  |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xaccessible.hpp    |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xassign.hpp        |  14 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xeval.hpp          |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xexpression.hpp    |   8 +-
 .../xtensor/{ => core}/xexpression_traits.hpp |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xfunction.hpp      |  20 +--
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xiterable.hpp      |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xiterator.hpp      |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xlayout.hpp        |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xmath.hpp          |  16 +-
 .../{ => core}/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp       |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xnoalias.hpp       |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xoperation.hpp     |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xsemantic.hpp      |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xshape.hpp         |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xstrides.hpp       |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xtensor_config.hpp |   0
 .../xtensor/{ => core}/xtensor_forward.hpp    |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => core}/xvectorize.hpp     |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => generators}/xbuilder.hpp |   8 +-
 .../xtensor/{ => generators}/xgenerator.hpp   |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => generators}/xrandom.hpp  |  14 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => io}/xcsv.hpp             |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => io}/xinfo.hpp            |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => io}/xio.hpp              |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => io}/xjson.hpp            |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => io}/xmime.hpp            |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => io}/xnpy.hpp             |  11 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xcomplex.hpp       |   6 +-
 .../xtensor/{ => misc}/xexpression_holder.hpp |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xfft.hpp           |  14 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xhistogram.hpp     |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xmanipulation.hpp  |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xpad.hpp           |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xset_operation.hpp |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xsort.hpp          |  22 +--
 include/xtensor/{ => optional}/xoptional.hpp  |  24 +--
 .../{ => optional}/xoptional_assembly.hpp     |   6 +-
 .../xoptional_assembly_base.hpp               |   6 +-
 .../xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp            |   4 +-
 .../xtensor/{ => reducers}/xaccumulator.hpp   |   8 +-
 .../{ => reducers}/xblockwise_reducer.hpp     |   8 +-
 .../xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp           |  20 +--
 include/xtensor/{ => reducers}/xnorm.hpp      |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => reducers}/xreducer.hpp   |  16 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => utils}/xexception.hpp    |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => utils}/xtensor_simd.hpp  |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => utils}/xutils.hpp        |   2 +-
 .../xtensor/{ => views}/xaxis_iterator.hpp    |   2 +-
 .../{ => views}/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp      |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xbroadcast.hpp    |  14 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xdynamic_view.hpp |  10 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xfunctor_view.hpp |  14 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xindex_view.hpp   |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xmasked_view.hpp  |  14 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xoffset_view.hpp  |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xrepeat.hpp       |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xslice.hpp        |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xstrided_view.hpp |  14 +-
 .../{ => views}/xstrided_view_base.hpp        |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xview.hpp         |  22 +--
 include/xtensor/{ => views}/xview_utils.hpp   |   6 +-
 test/test_common.hpp                          |   6 +-
 test/test_common_macros.hpp                   |   2 +-
 test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp         |  12 +-
 test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp             |   6 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp           |   6 +-
 test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp         |   6 +-
 test/test_extended_xsort.cpp                  |  10 +-
 test/test_sfinae.cpp                          |   7 +-
 test/test_strided_assign.cpp                  |  14 +-
 test/test_utils.hpp                           |   2 +-
 test/test_xaccumulator.cpp                    |  16 +-
 test/test_xadapt.cpp                          |   4 +-
 test/test_xarray.cpp                          |   8 +-
 test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp                  |   2 +-
 test/test_xassign.cpp                         |   8 +-
 test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp                  |   4 +-
 test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp            |   4 +-
 test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp              |   6 +-
 test/test_xbroadcast.cpp                      |   4 +-
 test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp                 |   2 +-
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp                        |  10 +-
 test/test_xchunked_array.cpp                  |   8 +-
 test/test_xchunked_view.cpp                   |   6 +-
 test/test_xcomplex.cpp                        |  12 +-
 test/test_xcsv.cpp                            |   6 +-
 test/test_xdatesupport.cpp                    |  10 +-
 test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp                   |  18 +-
 test/test_xeval.cpp                           |  10 +-
 test/test_xexception.cpp                      |   2 +-
 test/test_xexpression.cpp                     |   8 +-
 test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp              |   8 +-
 test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp              |   6 +-
 test/test_xfft.cpp                            |   4 +-
 test/test_xfixed.cpp                          |  14 +-
 test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp            |   8 +-
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                       |  10 +-
 test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp                |  10 +-
 test/test_xhistogram.cpp                      |   6 +-
 test/test_xindex_view.cpp                     |  12 +-
 test/test_xinfo.cpp                           |   4 +-
 test/test_xio.cpp                             |  14 +-
 test/test_xiterator.cpp                       |   4 +-
 test/test_xjson.cpp                           |   8 +-
 test/test_xlayout.cpp                         |  12 +-
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp                   |  14 +-
 test/test_xmasked_view.cpp                    |   6 +-
 test/test_xmath.cpp                           |  10 +-
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp               |  18 +-
 test/test_xmime.cpp                           |   4 +-
 test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp            |   2 +-
 test/test_xnan_functions.cpp                  |  12 +-
 test/test_xnoalias.cpp                        |   8 +-
 test/test_xnorm.cpp                           |  10 +-
 test/test_xnpy.cpp                            |   4 +-
 test/test_xoperation.cpp                      |   6 +-
 test/test_xoptional.cpp                       |   4 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp              |   6 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp      |   6 +-
 test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp      |   6 +-
 test/test_xpad.cpp                            |   4 +-
 test/test_xrandom.cpp                         |  10 +-
 test/test_xreducer.cpp                        |  28 +--
 test/test_xrepeat.cpp                         |   8 +-
 test/test_xscalar.cpp                         |   4 +-
 test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp                |   2 +-
 test/test_xsemantic.hpp                       |   4 +-
 test/test_xset_operation.cpp                  |   6 +-
 test/test_xshape.cpp                          |  12 +-
 test/test_xsimd.cpp                           |   4 +-
 test/test_xsimd8.cpp                          |   4 +-
 test/test_xsort.cpp                           |  22 +--
 test/test_xstorage.cpp                        |   4 +-
 test/test_xstrided_view.cpp                   |  18 +-
 test/test_xstrides.cpp                        |   2 +-
 test/test_xtensor.cpp                         |   6 +-
 test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp                 |   2 +-
 test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp                |   4 +-
 test/test_xutils.cpp                          |  14 +-
 test/test_xvectorize.cpp                      |   4 +-
 test/test_xview.cpp                           |  20 +--
 test/test_xview_semantic.cpp                  |   4 +-
 156 files changed, 701 insertions(+), 700 deletions(-)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => chunk}/xchunked_array.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => chunk}/xchunked_assign.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => chunk}/xchunked_view.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xadapt.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xarray.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xcontainer.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xfixed.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xscalar.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xstorage.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => containers}/xtensor.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xaccessible.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xassign.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xeval.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xexpression.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xexpression_traits.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xfunction.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xiterable.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xiterator.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xlayout.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xmath.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xnoalias.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xoperation.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xsemantic.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xshape.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xstrides.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xtensor_config.hpp (100%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xtensor_forward.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => core}/xvectorize.hpp (97%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => generators}/xbuilder.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => generators}/xgenerator.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => generators}/xrandom.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => io}/xcsv.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => io}/xinfo.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => io}/xio.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => io}/xjson.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => io}/xmime.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => io}/xnpy.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xcomplex.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xexpression_holder.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xfft.hpp (97%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xhistogram.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xmanipulation.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xpad.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xset_operation.hpp (97%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => misc}/xsort.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => optional}/xoptional.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => optional}/xoptional_assembly.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => optional}/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => optional}/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => reducers}/xaccumulator.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => reducers}/xblockwise_reducer.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => reducers}/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => reducers}/xnorm.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => reducers}/xreducer.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => utils}/xexception.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => utils}/xtensor_simd.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => utils}/xutils.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xaxis_iterator.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xbroadcast.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xdynamic_view.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xfunctor_view.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xindex_view.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xmasked_view.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xoffset_view.hpp (98%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xrepeat.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xslice.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xstrided_view.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xstrided_view_base.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xview.hpp (99%)
 rename include/xtensor/{ => views}/xview_utils.hpp (98%)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index 133e6c7c5..872e80034 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ jobs:
         runs-on: [windows-latest]
         sys:
         - {compiler: default}
-        - {compiler: clang}
+        # Enable again and fix remaining issues after refactoring
+        #- {compiler: clang}
 
     steps:
 
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index cbe3e5076..f59f0a8c7 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
 # Versionning
 # ===========
 
-file(STRINGS "${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp" xtensor_version_defines
+file(STRINGS "${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp" xtensor_version_defines
      REGEX "#define XTENSOR_VERSION_(MAJOR|MINOR|PATCH)")
 foreach(ver ${xtensor_version_defines})
     if(ver MATCHES "#define XTENSOR_VERSION_(MAJOR|MINOR|PATCH) +([^ ]+)$")
@@ -113,79 +113,79 @@ endif()
 # =====
 
 set(XTENSOR_HEADERS
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xarray.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xassign.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xeval.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xexception.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xfft.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xio.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xjson.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmath.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmime.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xpad.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xshape.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xslice.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xsort.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xutils.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview.hpp
-    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_assign.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xlayout.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xtensor_forward.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/io/xmime.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/optional/xoptional.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
+    ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
 )
 
 add_library(xtensor INTERFACE)
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ install(TARGETS xtensor
 export(EXPORT ${PROJECT_NAME}-targets
        FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Targets.cmake")
 
-install(FILES ${XTENSOR_HEADERS}
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/xtensor)
+install(DIRECTORY ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/xtensor
+        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR})
 
 set(XTENSOR_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}" CACHE
     STRING "install path for xtensorConfig.cmake")
@@ -317,10 +317,10 @@ endfunction()
 set(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 string(REPLACE "${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}/" "" XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
 list(REMOVE_ITEM XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE
-    xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
-    xtensor/xjson.hpp
-    xtensor/xmime.hpp
-    xtensor/xnpy.hpp)
+    xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
+    xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
+    xtensor/io/xmime.hpp
+    xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp)
 
 PREPEND(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#include <" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
 POSTFIX(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ">" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp
index 3f4f619ea..53a53aba1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xchunked_assign.hpp"
+#include "../chunk/xchunked_assign.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_assign.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_assign.hpp
index 3ed1e5c8c..334e824b9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_assign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_assign.hpp
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ASSIGN_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CHUNKED_ASSIGN_HPP
 
-#include "xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_view.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_view.hpp
index 3a3bc79d3..6c9d0a3f2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_view.hpp
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
-#include "xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../chunk/xchunked_array.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "../core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp
index fbc7fb135..75cd7fc0d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
-#include "xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp
index 996daeb9d..7455b8854 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
-#include "xcontainer.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xcontainer.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
index 368da5867..f9ac409a1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
 
-#include "xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
index 46dd0cf1b..70ebaa798 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xiterator.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xoperation.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterator.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../core/xoperation.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
index c6ba964ed..9661142dc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xcontainer.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xcontainer.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xtl
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
index 8d6e166fb..497a2134d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_simd.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xtensor_simd.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index ac179a852..46318c259 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "xexception.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_simd.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xexception.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xtensor_simd.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp
index 7b8545459..db8d92385 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
-#include "xcontainer.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xcontainer.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp
index 9f74eb0b6..fa494e4ea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ACCESSIBLE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ACCESSIBLE_HPP
 
-#include "xexception.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xexception.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
index 2ec698ae6..feeabdd3b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
-#include "xiterator.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xfunction.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterator.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 #if defined(XTENSOR_USE_TBB)
 #include <tbb/tbb.h>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
index 69111f938..231f47312 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EVAL_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EVAL_HPP
 
-#include "xexpression_traits.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression_traits.hpp"
+#include "../core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
index 79fd7e4cd..b9174cb5f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp
index 205de67a5..4328e54fb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_TRAITS_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_TRAITS_HPP
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
index f11362cdb..2d3b58244 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xexpression_traits.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xiterator.hpp"
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xscalar.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_simd.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xscalar.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression_traits.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterator.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xtensor_simd.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
index 1913ff1ed..48ebc27cc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_ITERABLE_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_ITERABLE_HPP
 
-#include "xiterator.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterator.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
index 1fc412471..8b5f4e616 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xexception.hpp"
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xexception.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xlayout.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xlayout.hpp
index b13d66fe4..f3330f427 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xlayout.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xlayout.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // Do not include anything else here.
 // xlayout.hpp is included in xtensor_forward.hpp
 // and we don't want to bring other headers to it.
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
index d7ab0820a..24235031b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccumulator.hpp"
-#include "xeval.hpp"
-#include "xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xoperation.hpp"
-#include "xreducer.hpp"
-#include "xslice.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xeval.hpp"
+#include "../core/xoperation.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "../reducers/xaccumulator.hpp"
+#include "../reducers/xreducer.hpp"
+#include "../views/xslice.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
index aad89c3d6..f0fdd041b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XMULTIINDEX_ITERATOR
 #define XTENSOR_XMULTIINDEX_ITERATOR
 
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp
index 7f2d48614..7d95a3b1a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnoalias.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_NOALIAS_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_NOALIAS_HPP
 
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
index 44d639130..407139ae7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
-#include "xscalar.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xscalar.hpp"
+#include "../core/xfunction.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp
index 8aa76cfc9..bafad4aca 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include "xassign.hpp"
-#include "xexpression_traits.hpp"
+#include "../core/xassign.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression_traits.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
index 247839f62..df0b84392 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 #include <iterator>
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
index 248d9b3c6..f8735f7e3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xexception.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xexception.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from include/xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_forward.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xtensor_forward.hpp
index 9f13d2cf6..0183b4527 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_forward.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_forward.hpp
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xoptional_sequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp
similarity index 97%
rename from include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp
index c7bfa5e52..053d7c92b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xvectorize.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xfunction.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index d0fcad32d..4d3263107 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xbroadcast.hpp"
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
-#include "xgenerator.hpp"
-#include "xoperation.hpp"
+#include "../core/xfunction.hpp"
+#include "../core/xoperation.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xgenerator.hpp"
+#include "../views/xbroadcast.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
index 03433adca..95c4fb753 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
index c1a32c6fd..dbb2819d7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xspan.hpp>
 
-#include "xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xgenerator.hpp"
-#include "xindex_view.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xview.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xgenerator.hpp"
+#include "../views/xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
index 58eb434f0..2b758bd9e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp
index 2f3317338..f78cc3c76 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xinfo.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
 
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
 #if __cplusplus < 201103
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xio.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
index 24db5ac2d..ca9d694a4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xjson.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xjson.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
index 3ac9af764..8aa20c9c9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xjson.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmime.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xmime.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xmime.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/io/xmime.hpp
index 83ee12520..3e3502cb0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmime.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xmime.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
-#include "xio.hpp"
+#include "../io/xio.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
index 463cdaf5c..382e06e32 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
@@ -31,12 +31,11 @@
 #include <xtl/xplatform.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xeval.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
-
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../core/xeval.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp
index 530534d0a..308218f60 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "../views/xoffset_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
index 8f65f370e..ec495721e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xjson.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../io/xjson.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xany.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
similarity index 97%
rename from include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
index 7682f786e..5e54303ee 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfft.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 
-#include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xbuilder.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xcomplex.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xnoalias.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "../misc/xcomplex.hpp"
+#include "../views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
+#include "../views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp
index cf9e53b40..b8fdd9da1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_HISTOGRAM_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_HISTOGRAM_HPP
 
-#include "xset_operation.hpp"
-#include "xsort.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xview.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../misc/xset_operation.hpp"
+#include "../misc/xsort.hpp"
+#include "../views/xview.hpp"
 
 using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index 060d3ce1a..aa1b38038 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 #include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xexception.hpp"
-#include "xrepeat.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xexception.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "../views/xrepeat.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp
index 082efe509..90a55782b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xpad.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_PAD_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_PAD_HPP
 
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xview.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xview.hpp"
 
 using namespace xt::placeholders;  // to enable _ syntax
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
similarity index 97%
rename from include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
index 5554e22ef..598382855 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xfunction.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xscalar.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xscalar.hpp"
+#include "../core/xfunction.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
index 95591a798..9261ac8c4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
 
-#include "xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xeval.hpp"
-#include "xindex_view.hpp"
-#include "xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xslice.hpp"  // for xnone
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
-#include "xview.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../core/xeval.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "../views/xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xslice.hpp"  // for xnone
+#include "../views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/optional/xoptional.hpp
index 9a40d0906..6c690b0d6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional.hpp
@@ -16,18 +16,18 @@
 #include <xtl/xoptional.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xoptional_sequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xbroadcast.hpp"
-#include "xdynamic_view.hpp"
-#include "xfunctor_view.hpp"
-#include "xgenerator.hpp"
-#include "xindex_view.hpp"
-#include "xreducer.hpp"
-#include "xrepeat.hpp"
-#include "xscalar.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xview.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xscalar.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xgenerator.hpp"
+#include "../reducers/xreducer.hpp"
+#include "../views/xbroadcast.hpp"
+#include "../views/xdynamic_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xfunctor_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xrepeat.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp
index 79ab8115f..062a1f9fa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 #ifndef XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_HPP
 #define XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_HPP
 
-#include "xoptional.hpp"
-#include "xoptional_assembly_base.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../optional/xoptional.hpp"
+#include "../optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 01ea3d76c..3f60cc359 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 #ifndef XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_BASE_HPP
 #define XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_BASE_HPP
 
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../optional/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
index b1a5bbdc4..0ec1c0a44 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 #ifndef XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_STORAGE_HPP
 #define XOPTIONAL_ASSEMBLY_STORAGE_HPP
 
-#include "xoptional.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../optional/xoptional.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xiterator_base.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp
index 5225f1cbe..50d927e21 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
index 466efce7b..57187798f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_HPP
 
-#include "xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp"
-#include "xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
-#include "xreducer.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
+#include "../core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "../reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp"
+#include "../reducers/xreducer.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
index d976f3f02..4ac9e649d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <typeinfo>
 
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xchunked_array.hpp"
-#include "xchunked_assign.hpp"
-#include "xchunked_view.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xnorm.hpp"
-#include "xreducer.hpp"
+#include "../chunk/xchunked_array.hpp"
+#include "../chunk/xchunked_assign.hpp"
+#include "../chunk/xchunked_view.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "../reducers/xnorm.hpp"
+#include "../reducers/xreducer.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xclosure.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xsequence.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp
index 4a4790acd..aadeea4f9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xnorm.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xmath.hpp"
-#include "xoperation.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "../core/xoperation.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
index c92dd2aed..bce3e7b11 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@
 #include <xtl/xfunctional.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xeval.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xgenerator.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xeval.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "../generators/xgenerator.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp
index 68befd397..10a75d190 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xspan_impl.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 #define XTENSOR_UNUSED_VARIABLE __attribute__((unused))
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp
index 4027114c8..b6cad1470 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xtensor_simd.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xdynamic_bitset.hpp>
 
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 9844b0ba7..3f309c74f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910)
 #define NOEXCEPT(T)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
index 953206aaf..64bae99cb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_AXIS_ITERATOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_AXIS_ITERATOR_HPP
 
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
index 8a9814df6..330fd97e9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_AXIS_SLICE_ITERATOR_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_AXIS_SLICE_ITERATOR_HPP
 
-#include "xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
index 20b04edab..412c81fce 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xscalar.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xscalar.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
index c929c09ae..c09f294f1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view_base.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view_base.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 15cb8cea7..a0b8404cc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xproxy_wrapper.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterator.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterator.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
index aa619520b..8b911afb8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xoperation.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xoperation.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp
index 3d4f48d59..05210d8c8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_XMASKED_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_XMASKED_VIEW_HPP
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 #include "xtl/xmasked_value.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp
index 9e620cf94..db94e4061 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xoffset_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp"
+#include "../views/xfunctor_view.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp
index 7e61005a8..0c119c9af 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index 6a6ff7cc1..04d4efc5b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR
 #if (defined(_MSC_VER) || __GNUC__ < 8)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
index a65f9467a..fba2c5ce5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
-#include "xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xstrided_view_base.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "../views/xstrided_view_base.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index 9f3f8ef4c..640aedcca 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xslice.hpp"
-#include "xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
-#include "xutils.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "../views/xslice.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
similarity index 99%
rename from include/xtensor/xview.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
index 497301941..a66ca56c7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
-#include "xaccessible.hpp"
-#include "xarray.hpp"
-#include "xbroadcast.hpp"
-#include "xcontainer.hpp"
-#include "xiterable.hpp"
-#include "xsemantic.hpp"
-#include "xslice.hpp"
-#include "xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_config.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
-#include "xview_utils.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xcontainer.hpp"
+#include "../containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
+#include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
+#include "../core/xsemantic.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../views/xbroadcast.hpp"
+#include "../views/xslice.hpp"
+#include "../views/xview_utils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
similarity index 98%
rename from include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
rename to include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
index 5040a8a01..5c072dbf0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/xview_utils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 
 #include <array>
 
-#include "xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xslice.hpp"
-#include "xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
+#include "../views/xslice.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_common.hpp b/test/test_common.hpp
index ceb6cb3f4..3134c0bfe 100644
--- a/test/test_common.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common.hpp
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 
 #include <sstream>
 
-#include "xtensor/xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"  // tuple_idx_of
+#include "xtensor/core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp"  // tuple_idx_of
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_common_macros.hpp b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
index 06a56495e..5d359a62d 100644
--- a/test/test_common_macros.hpp
+++ b/test/test_common_macros.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
 #endif
 
-#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 #include "doctest/doctest.h"
 #include "test_utils.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
index a667cffb4..a0237255c 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_broadcast_view.cpp
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
index 3f16391f5..f68fc6916 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
index 81be1dcb6..88e01a46d 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_interp.cpp
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
index 72ed0bc22..da093446c 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xmath_reducers.cpp
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
index 32812eb5a..2650a4a94 100644
--- a/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_extended_xsort.cpp
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 // Warning: This file should not be modified directly! Instead, modify the `*.cppy` file.
 
 
-#include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xsort.hpp>
-#include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_sfinae.cpp b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
index 53ccc47a9..f79277ac7 100644
--- a/test/test_sfinae.cpp
+++ b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
+
 // #include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
index 91d6805cf..a0131b27d 100644
--- a/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_strided_assign.cpp
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xlayout.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xassign.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xlayout.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_utils.hpp b/test/test_utils.hpp
index 599db8356..d196ce63c 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.hpp
+++ b/test/test_utils.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
index cd022ff8f..a0eb1f1b2 100644
--- a/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaccumulator.cpp
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 69a140db0..5876ff926 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xarray.cpp b/test/test_xarray.cpp
index f5ede32c1..41fe4fec8 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray.cpp
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
index d2e936d5e..5142386f8 100644
--- a/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xarray_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
index 5367a32da..c6ca46305 100644
--- a/test/test_xassign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xassign.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xassign.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
index c61b3aef6..0f52d2df7 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_iterator.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
index a92d074c1..fa0888e2d 100644
--- a/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xaxis_slice_iterator.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
index 6b03b8b56..9c625335e 100644
--- a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 #include <typeinfo>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xtensor/xblockwise_reducer.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
index ad7f0c2d3..fcc3fdbde 100644
--- a/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbroadcast.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
index 7af7ad2cd..d6ad32b21 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 2fcb6474c..fd69922d0 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
 
 #include <sstream>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
index 37ba932c6..8be647c8e 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_array.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
index 212664868..a16b8b401 100644
--- a/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xchunked_view.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xchunked_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/chunk/xchunked_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
index 56fd0eea6..920d21b8e 100644
--- a/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcomplex.cpp
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
 
 #include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xcsv.cpp b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
index cffb7b596..584d17345 100644
--- a/test/test_xcsv.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
 
-#include "xtensor/xcsv.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
index a0b34d03d..6c5894be7 100644
--- a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
 
 #include <chrono>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
index abe1b2334..dff43d80d 100644
--- a/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdynamic_view.cpp
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xeval.cpp b/test/test_xeval.cpp
index 116b33ce5..f585bfd43 100644
--- a/test/test_xeval.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xeval.cpp
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xeval.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xeval.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xexception.cpp b/test/test_xexception.cpp
index 1da7ce207..cbb3330b9 100644
--- a/test/test_xexception.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexception.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "xtensor/xexception.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
index 20d333025..c1ad4d14f 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 
 #include <sstream>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp b/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
index 2b3b41dfc..cff5d6fb6 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression_holder.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xexpression_holder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
index 2a931d3cf..7f485e38b 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression_traits.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xfft.cpp b/test/test_xfft.cpp
index d7fd78896..7665cb592 100644
--- a/test/test_xfft.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfft.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfft.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index 50a8543e2..d6e492283 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
 // an easy way to prevent compilation
 #ifndef VS_SKIP_XFIXED
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
index cbe027d6f..55c3ca5fa 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunc_on_xexpression.cpp
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
-#include "xtensor/xexpression.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index a09a37641..05c869517 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
index bc7637ae8..caa12d34f 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunctor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
index d5dbbdad5..2876f246e 100644
--- a/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xhistogram.cpp
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 #include <limits>
 
 // For some obscure reason xtensor.hpp need to be included first for Windows' Clangcl
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 //
-#include "xtensor/xhistogram.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
index 20cc56b76..cdf22c1f6 100644
--- a/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xindex_view.cpp
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xindex_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xinfo.cpp b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
index 76e664bde..c5148c91b 100644
--- a/test/test_xinfo.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xinfo.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xinfo.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xio.cpp b/test/test_xio.cpp
index 4b9a6f364..1afb80fab 100644
--- a/test/test_xio.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xio.cpp
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xdynamic_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "files/xio_expected_results.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xiterator.cpp b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
index 6a131428d..96a2e11d5 100644
--- a/test/test_xiterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xiterator.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xjson.cpp b/test/test_xjson.cpp
index 7f293316f..b34ffc38b 100644
--- a/test/test_xjson.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xjson.cpp
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xjson.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xjson.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xlayout.cpp b/test/test_xlayout.cpp
index cb0a9d6d7..76c49bb2b 100644
--- a/test/test_xlayout.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xlayout.cpp
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index d125bca81..5e1d43cc5 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
index f9a9a7828..14613d169 100644
--- a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index cb31ef846..17bc57895 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index 42e9165b6..4ded1b7e9 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -21,22 +21,22 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-conversion"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
 #pragma warning(push)
 #pragma warning(disable : 4244)
 #pragma warning(disable : 4267)
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #else
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #endif
 
 #include "xtl/xtype_traits.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xmime.cpp b/test/test_xmime.cpp
index a31ead858..cad7dc7d4 100644
--- a/test/test_xmime.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmime.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmime.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xmime.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
index aeac25cc1..ced5e97e7 100644
--- a/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmultiindex_iterator.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xtensor/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmultiindex_iterator.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
index 6b8e84775..1de36245e 100644
--- a/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnan_functions.cpp
@@ -12,16 +12,16 @@
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
-#include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
+#include <xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 
 #include "xtl/xtype_traits.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xnoalias.cpp b/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
index 7dd5bd810..18e4e0c0b 100644
--- a/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnoalias.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xnorm.cpp b/test/test_xnorm.cpp
index 420d16d21..632114530 100644
--- a/test/test_xnorm.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnorm.cpp
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnorm.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xnpy.cpp b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
index d0c94f332..ea40fd989 100644
--- a/test/test_xnpy.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xnpy.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnpy.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xoperation.cpp b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
index 71c163e18..fa97a0946 100644
--- a/test/test_xoperation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional.cpp b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
index 72d0b361a..74d5aea97 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional.cpp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
index 2c1971ab2..cd44c1eae 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
index 4ece93ce8..8d27265c9 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
index ac703df42..60a44752f 100644
--- a/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoptional_assembly_storage.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_storage.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xpad.cpp b/test/test_xpad.cpp
index b0f41ed51..32f684f2c 100644
--- a/test/test_xpad.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xpad.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xpad.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index d056be2ea..c732e2ab4 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #else
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #endif
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xset_operation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xreducer.cpp b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
index 7a26da67e..aa0a824b5 100644
--- a/test/test_xreducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xreducer.cpp
@@ -13,23 +13,23 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-conversion"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #else
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
 #endif
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
index 1093279ed..89546ff81 100644
--- a/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrepeat.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrepeat.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xscalar.cpp b/test/test_xscalar.cpp
index 71b73b45a..ba994ed12 100644
--- a/test/test_xscalar.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xscalar.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xscalar.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
index e37e768cf..9b7223b70 100644
--- a/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xscalar_semantic.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xsemantic.hpp b/test/test_xsemantic.hpp
index ac8395328..0897ad0f6 100644
--- a/test/test_xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/test/test_xsemantic.hpp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
index f78732887..07cbde18d 100644
--- a/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xset_operation.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xset_operation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xshape.cpp b/test/test_xshape.cpp
index 3b27d4709..a00db785e 100644
--- a/test/test_xshape.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xshape.cpp
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd.cpp b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
index 1ecfdb13d..6b1d84199 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
index 2230ce772..01b3e7834 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd8.cpp
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 
 #include <complex>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xcomplex.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xsort.cpp b/test/test_xsort.cpp
index bc780b89e..bbe928d4d 100644
--- a/test/test_xsort.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsort.cpp
@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xinfo.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xslice.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xsort.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xslice.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xstorage.cpp b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
index 431c50025..cb66a8c69 100644
--- a/test/test_xstorage.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstorage.cpp
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 
 #include <numeric>
 
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
index 89c6448ec..5b8f8c01d 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrided_view.cpp
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xstrides.cpp b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
index b9dcf8643..1ac41823c 100644
--- a/test/test_xstrides.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xstrides.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
index a1ae63cb3..f7f81c75d 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xio.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
index 7cc404552..5bbc5c0d3 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor_adaptor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
index f2481a6e4..66caddfed 100644
--- a/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xtensor_semantic.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index a72929e8d..a6acfe759 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xvectorize.cpp b/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
index 47d5d3efc..69fa400dc 100644
--- a/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xvectorize.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xvectorize.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index 0ce662e7b..b2afa3c56 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuninitialized"
-#include "xtensor/xgenerator.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #else
 #endif
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp b/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
index 839b895c6..83207ec59 100644
--- a/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview_semantic.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 #include "test_xsemantic.hpp"

From 8db2888834cec8d35dac7fa490e00f63669146af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2025 15:40:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 541/606] Adding fix for incorrect usage of
 xt::has_assign_conversion in xassign.hpp.

---
 include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
index feeabdd3b..ea8e1dbea 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
         size_type size = e1.size();
         constexpr size_type simd_size = simd_type::size;
-        constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<e1_value_type, e2_value_type>::value;
+        constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value;
 
         size_type align_begin = is_aligned ? 0 : xt_simd::get_alignment_offset(e1.data(), size, simd_size);
         size_type align_end = align_begin + ((size - align_begin) & ~(simd_size - 1));
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ namespace xt
         // std::fill(idx.begin(), idx.end(), 0);
         using e1_value_type = typename E1::value_type;
         using e2_value_type = typename E2::value_type;
-        constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<e1_value_type, e2_value_type>::value;
+        constexpr bool needs_cast = has_assign_conversion<e2_value_type, e1_value_type>::value;
         using value_type = typename xassign_traits<E1, E2>::requested_value_type;
         using simd_type = std::conditional_t<
             std::is_same<e1_value_type, bool>::value,

From bb6fea2e675eb126365baa324361c301ea79301f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2025 23:17:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 542/606] Upgraded to xtl 0.8.0 and C++17

---
 CMakeLists.txt                                |   8 +-
 environment-dev.yml                           |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp         |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp        |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp              |  70 ++++----
 include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp          |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp            |  19 +--
 include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp            | 152 ++++++++----------
 include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp            |  76 ++++-----
 include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp                |  30 ++--
 include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp           |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp               |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp       |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp                  |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp                   |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp   |   1 -
 include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp        |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp                 |   2 +-
 .../xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp   |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp            |   8 +-
 include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp         |  30 ++--
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp              |  24 +--
 include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp       |  17 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp       |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp              |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp       |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp  |  20 +--
 include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp               |  79 ++++-----
 test/CMakeLists.txt                           |  29 +---
 29 files changed, 271 insertions(+), 376 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index f59f0a8c7..d969a486b 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.29)
 project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ message(STATUS "Building xtensor v${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}")
 # Dependencies
 # ============
 
-set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.7.5)
+set(xtl_REQUIRED_VERSION 0.8.0)
 if(TARGET xtl)
     set(xtl_VERSION ${XTL_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XTL_VERSION_MINOR}.${XTL_VERSION_PATCH})
     # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ target_include_directories(xtensor INTERFACE
     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}>
     $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
 
-target_compile_features(xtensor INTERFACE cxx_std_14)
+target_compile_features(xtensor INTERFACE cxx_std_17)
 
 target_link_libraries(xtensor INTERFACE xtl)
 
@@ -205,8 +205,6 @@ OPTION(BUILD_TESTS "xtensor test suite" OFF)
 OPTION(BUILD_BENCHMARK "xtensor benchmark" OFF)
 OPTION(DOWNLOAD_GBENCHMARK "download google benchmark and build from source" ON)
 OPTION(DEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR "set default layout to column major" OFF)
-OPTION(DISABLE_VS2017 "disables the compilation of some test with Visual Studio 2017" OFF)
-OPTION(CPP17 "enables C++17" OFF)
 OPTION(CPP20 "enables C++20 (experimental)" OFF)
 OPTION(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS "Disable C++ exceptions" OFF)
 OPTION(DISABLE_MSVC_ITERATOR_CHECK "Disable the MVSC iterator check" ON)
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index f320d623f..a594f896d 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ channels:
 - conda-forge
 dependencies:
 - cmake
-- xtl=0.7.5
+- xtl=0.8.0
 - xsimd=13.2.0
 - nlohmann_json
 - doctest
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp
index 75cd7fc0d..725a75d42 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ namespace xt
         using default_allocator_for_ptr_t = typename default_allocator_for_ptr<P>::type;
 
         template <class T>
-        using not_an_array = xtl::negation<is_array<T>>;
+        using not_an_array = std::negation<is_array<T>>;
 
         template <class T>
-        using not_a_pointer = xtl::negation<std::is_pointer<T>>;
+        using not_a_pointer = std::negation<std::is_pointer<T>>;
 
         template <class T>
-        using not_a_layout = xtl::negation<std::is_same<layout_type, T>>;
+        using not_a_layout = std::negation<std::is_same<layout_type, T>>;
     }
 
 #ifndef IN_DOXYGEN
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
index 497a2134d..bfeba09b7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
@@ -322,13 +322,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class... E>
         struct all_xscalar
         {
-            static constexpr bool value = xtl::conjunction<is_xscalar<std::decay_t<E>>...>::value;
+            static constexpr bool value = std::conjunction<is_xscalar<std::decay_t<E>>...>::value;
         };
     }
 
     // Note: MSVC bug workaround. Cannot just define
     // template <class... E>
-    // using all_xscalar = xtl::conjunction<is_xscalar<std::decay_t<E>>...>;
+    // using all_xscalar = std::conjunction<is_xscalar<std::decay_t<E>>...>;
 
     template <class... E>
     using all_xscalar = detail::all_xscalar<E...>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
index ea8e1dbea..904113814 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
@@ -214,18 +214,15 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                self(e2).derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
-            {
-                using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
-                xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value)
+        {
+            e2.derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            using tag = xexpression_tag_t<E1, E2>;
+            xexpression_assigner<tag>::assign_xexpression(e1, e2);
+        }
     }
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
@@ -320,7 +317,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class F, class... CT>
         struct use_strided_loop<xfunction<F, CT...>>
         {
-            static constexpr bool value = xtl::conjunction<use_strided_loop<std::decay_t<CT>>...>::value;
+            static constexpr bool value = std::conjunction<use_strided_loop<std::decay_t<CT>>...>::value;
         };
 
         /**
@@ -585,31 +582,28 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class F, class... CT>
     inline bool xexpression_assigner<Tag>::resize(E1& e1, const xfunction<F, CT...>& e2)
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value>(
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
-            {
-                /*
-                 * If the shape of the xfunction is statically known, we can compute the broadcast triviality
-                 * at compile time plus we can resize right away.
-                 */
-                // resize in case LHS is not a fixed size container. If it is, this is a NOP
-                e1.resize(typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type{});
-                return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<
-                    detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value,
-                    CT...>::value;
-            },
-            /* else */
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
-            {
-                using index_type = xindex_type_t<typename E1::shape_type>;
-                using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
-                size_type size = e2.dimension();
-                index_type shape = uninitialized_shape<index_type>(size);
-                bool trivial_broadcast = e2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
-                e1.resize(std::move(shape));
-                return trivial_broadcast;
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value)
+        {
+            /*
+             * If the shape of the xfunction is statically known, we can compute the broadcast triviality
+             * at compile time plus we can resize right away.
+             */
+            // resize in case LHS is not a fixed size container. If it is, this is a NOP
+            e1.resize(typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type{});
+            return detail::static_trivial_broadcast<
+                detail::is_fixed<typename xfunction<F, CT...>::shape_type>::value,
+                CT...>::value;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            using index_type = xindex_type_t<typename E1::shape_type>;
+            using size_type = typename E1::size_type;
+            size_type size = e2.dimension();
+            index_type shape = uninitialized_shape<index_type>(size);
+            bool trivial_broadcast = e2.broadcast_shape(shape, true);
+            e1.resize(std::move(shape));
+            return trivial_broadcast;
+        }
     }
 
     /***********************************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
index b9174cb5f..f32879035 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <template <class> class B, class E, template <class> class F>
         struct is_crtp_base_of_impl<B, F<E>>
-            : xtl::disjunction<std::is_base_of<B<E>, F<E>>, std::is_base_of<B<F<E>>, F<E>>>
+            : std::disjunction<std::is_base_of<B<E>, F<E>>, std::is_base_of<B<F<E>>, F<E>>>
         {
         };
     }
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ namespace xt
     using disable_xexpression = typename std::enable_if<!is_xexpression<E>::value, R>::type;
 
     template <class... E>
-    using has_xexpression = xtl::disjunction<is_xexpression<E>...>;
+    using has_xexpression = std::disjunction<is_xexpression<E>...>;
 
     template <class E>
     using is_xsharable_expression = is_crtp_base_of<xsharable_expression, E>;
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class... E>
     struct xoptional_comparable
-        : xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_xtensor_expression<E>, is_xoptional_expression<E>>...>
+        : std::conjunction<std::disjunction<is_xtensor_expression<E>, is_xoptional_expression<E>>...>
     {
     };
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
index 2d3b58244..65ee5050e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
 
         template <bool... B>
-        using conjunction_c = xtl::conjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, B>...>;
+        using conjunction_c = std::conjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, B>...>;
 
         /************************
          * xfunction_cache_impl *
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class T, class F, class... CT>
-    struct has_simd_interface<xfunction<F, CT...>, T> : xtl::conjunction<
+    struct has_simd_interface<xfunction<F, CT...>, T> : std::conjunction<
                                                             has_simd_type<T>,
                                                             has_simd_apply<F, xt_simd::simd_type<T>>,
                                                             has_simd_interface<std::decay_t<CT>, T>...>
@@ -589,16 +589,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::shape() const -> const inner_shape_type&
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<!detail::is_fixed<inner_shape_type>::value>(
-            [&](auto self)
+        if constexpr (!detail::is_fixed<inner_shape_type>::value)
+        {
+            if (!m_cache.is_initialized)
             {
-                if (!m_cache.is_initialized)
-                {
-                    self(this)->compute_cached_shape();
-                }
-            },
-            [](auto /*self*/) {}
-        );
+                compute_cached_shape();
+            }
+        }
         return m_cache.shape;
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
index 48ebc27cc..d0caf9d6f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
@@ -948,17 +948,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::begin() noexcept -> select_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_begin();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template begin<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_begin();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template begin<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -970,17 +967,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::end() noexcept -> select_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_end();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template end<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_end();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template end<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1014,17 +1008,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::cbegin() const noexcept -> select_const_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cbegin();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template cbegin<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_cbegin();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template cbegin<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1036,17 +1027,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::cend() const noexcept -> select_const_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_cend();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template cend<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_cend();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template cend<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     //@}
@@ -1063,17 +1051,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rbegin() noexcept -> select_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rbegin();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template rbegin<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_rbegin();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template rbegin<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1085,17 +1070,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::rend() noexcept -> select_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_rend();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template rend<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_rend();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template rend<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1129,17 +1111,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crbegin() const noexcept -> select_const_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crbegin();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template crbegin<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_crbegin();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template crbegin<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1151,17 +1130,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <layout_type L>
     inline auto xcontiguous_iterable<D>::crend() const noexcept -> select_const_reverse_iterator<L>
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<L == static_layout>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).derived_cast().linear_crend();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(*this).iterable_base::template crend<L>();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (L == static_layout)
+        {
+            return derived_cast().linear_crend();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return iterable_base::template crend<L>();
+        }
     }
 
     //@}
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
index 8b5f4e616..ca3faef21 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
@@ -420,65 +420,53 @@ namespace xt
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).linear_begin();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).begin();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
+        {
+            return c.linear_begin();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return c.begin();
+        }
     }
 
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).linear_end();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).end();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
+        {
+            return c.linear_end();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return c.end();
+        }
     }
 
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(const C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).linear_cbegin();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).cbegin();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
+        {
+            return c.linear_cbegin();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return c.cbegin();
+        }
     }
 
     template <class C>
     XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(const C& c) noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).linear_cend();
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return self(c).cend();
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
+        {
+            return c.linear_cend();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return c.cend();
+        }
     }
 
     /***************************
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
index 24235031b..77f864929 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,                                                                                                     \
         class X,                                                                                                     \
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                       \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>        \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>        \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())                                                                \
     {                                                                                                                \
         using init_value_type = std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, INIT_VALUE_TYPE, T>;                \
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,                                                                                                     \
         class X,                                                                                                     \
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                       \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)>                       \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>)>                       \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())                                                                  \
     {                                                                                                                \
         return NAME(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);                                                                 \
@@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ namespace xt
             class X,
             class D,
             class EVS,
-            XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
+            XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
         inline auto mean(E&& e, X&& axes, const D& ddof, EVS es)
         {
             // sum cannot always be a double. It could be a complex number which cannot operate on
@@ -1928,7 +1928,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto mean(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return detail::mean<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
@@ -1969,7 +1969,7 @@ namespace xt
         class W,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto average(E&& e, W&& weights, X&& axes, EVS ev = EVS())
     {
         xindex_type_t<typename std::decay_t<E>::shape_type> broadcast_shape;
@@ -2113,7 +2113,7 @@ namespace xt
         class X,
         class D,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<D>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, const D& ddof, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
@@ -2142,7 +2142,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>, is_reducer_options<EVS>)>
     inline auto variance(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), 0u, es);
@@ -2174,7 +2174,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto stddev(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return sqrt(variance<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
@@ -2541,7 +2541,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         COUNT_NON_ZEROS_CONTENT;
@@ -2557,7 +2557,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
     inline auto count_nonzero(E&& e, X axis, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return count_nonzero(std::forward<E>(e), {axis}, es);
@@ -2587,7 +2587,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), std::forward<X>(axes), es);
@@ -2597,7 +2597,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::is_integral<X>)>
     inline auto count_nonnan(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return xt::count_nonzero(!xt::isnan(std::forward<E>(e)), {axes}, es);
@@ -2742,7 +2742,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanmean(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
@@ -2819,7 +2819,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanvar(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         decltype(auto) sc = detail::shared_forward<E>(e);
@@ -2867,7 +2867,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto nanstd(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         return sqrt(nanvar<T>(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
index 407139ae7..533ad6513 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
@@ -44,21 +44,21 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
 #define DEFINE_COMPLEX_OVERLOAD(OP)                                                           \
-    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
     constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)    \
     {                                                                                         \
         using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, std::complex<T2>>; \
         return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
     }                                                                                         \
                                                                                               \
-    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
     constexpr auto operator OP(const T1& arg1, const std::complex<T2>& arg2)                  \
     {                                                                                         \
         using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<T1, std::complex<T2>>;               \
         return (result_type(arg1) OP result_type(arg2));                                      \
     }                                                                                         \
                                                                                               \
-    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
+    template <class T1, class T2, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<std::is_same<T1, T2>>)>          \
     constexpr auto operator OP(const std::complex<T1>& arg1, const T2& arg2)                  \
     {                                                                                         \
         using result_type = typename xtl::promote_type_t<std::complex<T1>, T2>;               \
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
index df0b84392..b4027d9dd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             using type = xt::fixed_shape<
                 broadcast_fixed_shape_cmp_impl<JX, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>::ordinate...>;
-            static constexpr bool value = xtl::conjunction<
+            static constexpr bool value = std::conjunction<
                 broadcast_fixed_shape_cmp_impl<JX, fixed_shape<I...>, fixed_shape<J...>>...>::value;
         };
 
@@ -390,18 +390,18 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class... S>
-        using only_array = xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_array<S>, is_fixed<S>>...>;
+        using only_array = std::conjunction<std::disjunction<is_array<S>, is_fixed<S>>...>;
 
         // test that at least one argument is a fixed shape. If yes, then either argument has to be fixed or
         // scalar
         template <class... S>
         using only_fixed = std::integral_constant<
             bool,
-            xtl::disjunction<is_fixed<S>...>::value
-                && xtl::conjunction<xtl::disjunction<is_fixed<S>, is_scalar_shape<S>>...>::value>;
+            std::disjunction<is_fixed<S>...>::value
+                && std::conjunction<std::disjunction<is_fixed<S>, is_scalar_shape<S>>...>::value>;
 
         template <class... S>
-        using all_fixed = xtl::conjunction<is_fixed<S>...>;
+        using all_fixed = std::conjunction<is_fixed<S>...>;
 
         // The promote_index meta-function returns std::vector<promoted_value_type> in the
         // general case and an array of the promoted value type and maximal size if all
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ namespace xt
         public:
 
             using type = typename result::type;
-            static constexpr bool value = xtl::conjunction<intermediate, result>::value;
+            static constexpr bool value = std::conjunction<intermediate, result>::value;
         };
 
         template <bool all_index, bool all_array, class... S>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index 4d3263107..cb94cea0f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
         }
 
-        template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
+        template <class R, class E, class U, class X, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<xtl::is_integral<X>>)>
         inline void arange_assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, U start, U stop, X step, bool endpoint) noexcept
         {
             auto& buf = e.derived_cast().storage();
@@ -282,15 +282,15 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class T, class S>
-        using both_integer = xtl::conjunction<xtl::is_integral<T>, xtl::is_integral<S>>;
+        using both_integer = std::conjunction<xtl::is_integral<T>, xtl::is_integral<S>>;
 
         template <class T, class S>
-        using integer_with_signed_integer = xtl::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, xtl::is_signed<S>>;
+        using integer_with_signed_integer = std::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, xtl::is_signed<S>>;
 
         template <class T, class S>
-        using integer_with_unsigned_integer = xtl::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, std::is_unsigned<S>>;
+        using integer_with_unsigned_integer = std::conjunction<both_integer<T, S>, std::is_unsigned<S>>;
 
-        template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<both_integer<T, S>>)>
+        template <class T, class S = T, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<both_integer<T, S>>)>
         inline auto arange_impl(T start, T stop, S step = 1) noexcept
         {
             std::size_t shape = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::ceil((stop - start) / step));
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <bool... values>
-        using all_true = xtl::conjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, values>...>;
+        using all_true = std::conjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, values>...>;
 
         template <class X, class Y, std::size_t axis, class AxesSequence>
         struct concat_fixed_shape_impl;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
index 8aa20c9c9..18623b7f8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xjson.hpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace xt
                 size_type nrows = view.shape()[0];
                 for (size_type i = 0; i != nrows; ++i)
                 {
-                    slices.push_back(i);
+                    slices.push_back(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i));
                     nlohmann::basic_json<M> k;
                     to_json_impl(k, e, slices);
                     j.push_back(std::move(k));
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace xt
                 size_type nrows = view.shape()[0];
                 for (size_type i = 0; i != nrows; ++i)
                 {
-                    slices.push_back(i);
+                    slices.push_back(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i));
                     const nlohmann::basic_json<M>& k = j[i];
                     from_json_impl(k, e, slices);
                     slices.pop_back();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
index 382e06e32..369d68c9d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
@@ -418,11 +418,11 @@ namespace xt
                 ss_shape << *shape_it << ", ";
             }
             s_shape = ss_shape.str();
-            if (xtl::sequence_size(shape) > 1)
+            if (std::size(shape) > 1)
             {
                 s_shape = s_shape.erase(s_shape.size() - 2);
             }
-            else if (xtl::sequence_size(shape) == 1)
+            else if (std::size(shape) == 1)
             {
                 s_shape = s_shape.erase(s_shape.size() - 1);
             }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
index ec495721e..f720cc006 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xexpression_holder.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "../containers/xarray.hpp"
 #include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "../io/xjson.hpp"
-#include "xtl/xany.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index aa1b38038..42395dd57 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E, class S>
         inline auto transpose_impl(E&& e, S&& permutation, check_policy::none)
         {
-            if (sequence_size(permutation) != e.dimension())
+            if (std::size(permutation) != e.dimension())
             {
                 XTENSOR_THROW(transpose_error, "Permutation does not have the same size as shape");
             }
@@ -197,9 +197,9 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto transpose_impl(E&& e, S&& permutation, check_policy::full)
         {
             // check if axis appears twice in permutation
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sequence_size(permutation); ++i)
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < std::size(permutation); ++i)
             {
-                for (std::size_t j = i + 1; j < sequence_size(permutation); ++j)
+                for (std::size_t j = i + 1; j < std::size(permutation); ++j)
                 {
                     if (permutation[i] == permutation[j])
                     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp
index 90a55782b..1204632f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace xt
         return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), std::vector<S>{reps});
     }
 
-    template <class E, class C, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<C>>)>
+    template <class E, class C, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<xtl::is_integral<C>>)>
     inline auto tile(E&& e, const C& reps)
     {
         return detail::tile(std::forward<E>(e), reps);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
index 57187798f..902b41f08 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer.hpp
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ namespace xt
         class BS,                                                                                             \
         class X,                                                                                              \
         class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                  \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)> \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)> \
     auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, X&& axes, O options = O())                                            \
     {                                                                                                         \
         using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                        \
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,                                                                                              \
         class BS,                                                                                             \
         class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                  \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                \
     auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, O options = O())                                                      \
     {                                                                                                         \
         using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                        \
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ namespace xt
         class BS,                                                                                                               \
         class X,                                                                                                                \
         class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>                   \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>                   \
     auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, X&& axes, O options = O())                                                              \
     {                                                                                                                           \
         using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,                                                                                                                \
         class BS,                                                                                                               \
         class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                                  \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                                  \
     auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, O options = O())                                                                        \
     {                                                                                                                           \
         using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ namespace xt
         class BS,                                                                                                               \
         class X,                                                                                                                \
         class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>                   \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<X>>>)>                   \
     auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, double p, X&& axes, O options = O())                                                    \
     {                                                                                                                           \
         using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,                                                                                                                \
         class BS,                                                                                                               \
         class O = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,                                                                                    \
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, xtl::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                                  \
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<O>, std::negation<xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<O>>>)>                                  \
     auto FNAME(E&& e, BS&& block_shape, double p, O options = O())                                                              \
     {                                                                                                                           \
         using input_expression_type = std::decay_t<E>;                                                                          \
diff --git a/include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp
index aadeea4f9..b883573f6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ namespace xt
 #define XTENSOR_EMPTY
 #define XTENSOR_COMMA ,
 #define XTENSOR_NORM_FUNCTION(NAME, RESULT_TYPE, REDUCE_EXPR, REDUCE_OP, MERGE_FUNC)                                       \
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)> \
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)> \
     inline auto NAME(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept                                                             \
     {                                                                                                                      \
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;                                                           \
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>, xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_xexpression<E>, std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto norm_l2(E&& e, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
     {
         return sqrt(norm_sq(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<X>(axes), es));
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ namespace xt
      * When no axes are provided, the norm is calculated over the entire array. In this case,
      * the reducer represents a scalar result, otherwise an array of appropriate dimension.
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto norm_lp_to_p(E&& e, double p, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS()) noexcept
     {
         using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ namespace xt
      * When no axes are provided, the norm is calculated over the entire array. In this case,
      * the reducer represents a scalar result, otherwise an array of appropriate dimension.
      */
-    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
+    template <class E, class X, class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS, XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>)>
     inline auto norm_lp(E&& e, double p, X&& axes, EVS es = EVS())
     {
         XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(p != 0, "norm_lp(): p must be nonzero, use norm_l0() instead.");
diff --git a/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
index bce3e7b11..3cf8ec76f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
@@ -130,19 +130,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         reducer_options(const T& tpl)
         {
-            xtl::mpl::static_if<initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value>(
-                [this, &tpl](auto no_compile)
-                {
-                    // use no_compile to prevent compilation if initial_val_idx is out of bounds!
-                    this->initial_value = no_compile(
-                                              std::get < initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value
-                                                  ? initial_val_idx
-                                                  : 0 > (tpl)
-                    )
-                                              .value();
-                },
-                [](auto /*np_compile*/) {}
-            );
+            if constexpr (initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value)
+            {
+                initial_value = std::get < initial_val_idx != std::tuple_size<T>::value ? initial_val_idx
+                                                                                        : 0 > (tpl).value();
+            }
         }
 
         using evaluation_strategy = std::conditional_t<
@@ -272,7 +264,7 @@ namespace xt
         class F,
         class E,
         class R,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<std::is_convertible<typename E::value_type, typename R::value_type>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<std::is_convertible<typename E::value_type, typename R::value_type>>)>
     inline void copy_to_reduced(F& f, const E& e, R& result)
     {
         if (e.layout() == layout_type::row_major)
@@ -998,7 +990,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, X&& axes, EVS&& options = EVS())
     {
         return detail::reduce_impl(
@@ -1015,7 +1007,7 @@ namespace xt
         class E,
         class X,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<is_reducer_options<X>>, std::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, X&& axes, EVS&& options = EVS())
     {
         return reduce(
@@ -1049,7 +1041,7 @@ namespace xt
         class F,
         class E,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(is_reducer_options<EVS>, std::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, EVS&& options = EVS())
     {
         return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<EVS>(options));
@@ -1081,7 +1073,7 @@ namespace xt
         class I,
         std::size_t N,
         class EVS = DEFAULT_STRATEGY_REDUCERS,
-        XTL_REQUIRES(xtl::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
+        XTL_REQUIRES(std::negation<detail::is_xreducer_functors<F>>)>
     inline auto reduce(F&& f, E&& e, const I (&axes)[N], EVS options = EVS())
     {
         return reduce(make_xreducer_functor(std::forward<F>(f)), std::forward<E>(e), axes, options);
@@ -1154,7 +1146,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t X, std::size_t... I>
         struct in
         {
-            static constexpr bool value = xtl::disjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, X == I>...>::value;
+            static constexpr bool value = std::disjunction<std::integral_constant<bool, X == I>...>::value;
         };
 
         template <std::size_t Z, class S1, class S2, class R>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 3f309c74f..4f83a7a79 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ namespace xt
         -> std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_signed<std::decay_t<decltype(*std::begin(axes))>>::value, R>
     {
         R res;
-        xt::resize_container(res, xtl::sequence_size(axes));
+        xt::resize_container(res, std::size(axes));
         auto dim = expr.dimension();
         std::transform(
             std::begin(axes),
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ namespace xt
         static_cast<void>(expr);
 
         R res;
-        xt::resize_container(res, xtl::sequence_size(axes));
+        xt::resize_container(res, std::size(axes));
         std::copy(std::begin(axes), std::end(axes), std::begin(res));
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::all_of(
             res.begin(),
@@ -620,24 +620,6 @@ namespace xt
         return detail::to_array_impl(a, std::make_index_sequence<N>{});
     }
 
-    /********************************
-     * sequence_size implementation *
-     ********************************/
-
-    // equivalent to std::size(c) in c++17
-    template <class C>
-    constexpr auto sequence_size(const C& c) -> decltype(c.size())
-    {
-        return c.size();
-    }
-
-    // equivalent to std::size(a) in c++17
-    template <class T, std::size_t N>
-    constexpr std::size_t sequence_size(const T (&)[N])
-    {
-        return N;
-    }
-
     /***********************************
      * has_storage_type implementation *
      ***********************************/
@@ -652,7 +634,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class T>
     struct has_storage_type<T, void_t<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>>
-        : xtl::negation<
+        : std::negation<
               std::is_same<typename std::remove_cv<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>::type, invalid_type>>
     {
     };
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
index c09f294f1..5ab298f23 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DYNAMIC_VIEW_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_DYNAMIC_VIEW_HPP
 
+#include <variant>
+
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
 #include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
 #include "../core/xiterable.hpp"
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ namespace xt
         using bool_load_type = typename base_type::bool_load_type;
 
         using strides_vt = typename strides_type::value_type;
-        using slice_type = xtl::variant<detail::xfake_slice<strides_vt>, xkeep_slice<strides_vt>, xdrop_slice<strides_vt>>;
+        using slice_type = std::variant<detail::xfake_slice<strides_vt>, xkeep_slice<strides_vt>, xdrop_slice<strides_vt>>;
         using slice_vector_type = std::vector<slice_type>;
 
         template <class CTA, class SA>
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ namespace xt
      **************************/
 
     template <class T>
-    using xdynamic_slice = xtl::variant<
+    using xdynamic_slice = std::variant<
         T,
 
         xrange_adaptor<placeholders::xtuph, T, T>,
@@ -505,7 +506,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::data_offset() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
         size_type offset = base_type::data_offset();
-        size_type sl_offset = xtl::visit(
+        size_type sl_offset = std::visit(
             [](const auto& sl)
             {
                 return sl(size_type(0));
@@ -648,7 +649,7 @@ namespace xt
     xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>::adjust_offset_impl(offset_type offset, size_type idx_offset, T idx, Args... args)
         const noexcept -> offset_type
     {
-        offset_type sl_offset = xtl::visit(
+        offset_type sl_offset = std::visit(
             [idx](const auto& sl)
             {
                 using type = typename std::decay_t<decltype(sl)>::size_type;
@@ -681,7 +682,7 @@ namespace xt
         for (offset_type i = loop_offset; i < dim; ++i, ++first)
         {
             offset_type j = static_cast<offset_type>(first[idx_offset]);
-            offset_type sl_offset = xtl::visit(
+            offset_type sl_offset = std::visit(
                 [j](const auto& sl)
                 {
                     return static_cast<offset_type>(sl(j));
@@ -764,11 +765,11 @@ namespace xt
                 get_strides_t<S>& strides
             )
             {
-                auto* sl = xtl::get_if<SL>(&slices[sl_idx]);
+                auto* sl = std::get_if<SL>(&slices[sl_idx]);
                 if (sl != nullptr)
                 {
                     new_slices[i] = *sl;
-                    auto& ns = xtl::get<SL>(new_slices[i]);
+                    auto& ns = std::get<SL>(new_slices[i]);
                     ns.normalize(old_shape);
                     shape[i] = static_cast<std::size_t>(ns.size());
                     strides[i] = std::ptrdiff_t(0);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
index a0b8404cc..9f2daf712 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class D, class T>
     struct has_simd_interface<xfunctor_applier_base<D>, T>
-        : xtl::conjunction<
+        : std::conjunction<
               has_simd_type<T>,
               has_simd_interface<typename xfunctor_applier_base<D>::xexpression_type>,
               detail::has_simd_interface_impl<xfunctor_applier_base<D>, T>>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index 04d4efc5b..4faa17cca 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace xt
     using disable_xslice = typename std::enable_if<!is_xslice<E>::value, R>::type;
 
     template <class... E>
-    using has_xslice = xtl::disjunction<is_xslice<E>...>;
+    using has_xslice = std::disjunction<is_xslice<E>...>;
 
     /**************
      * slice tags *
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
index fba2c5ce5..b52da8e30 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
+#include <variant>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
 #include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
 #include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ namespace xt
      **************************/
 
     template <class T>
-    using xstrided_slice = xtl::variant<
+    using xstrided_slice = std::variant<
         T,
 
         xrange_adaptor<placeholders::xtuph, T, T>,
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index 640aedcca..be67ee191 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 #define XTENSOR_STRIDED_VIEW_BASE_HPP
 
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <variant>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
-#include <xtl/xvariant.hpp>
 
 #include "../core/xaccessible.hpp"
 #include "../core/xstrides.hpp"
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E, class ST>
         struct provides_data_interface
-            : xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>, xtl::negation<is_flat_expression_adaptor<ST>>>
+            : std::conjunction<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>, std::negation<is_flat_expression_adaptor<ST>>>
         {
         };
     }
@@ -846,17 +846,17 @@ namespace xt
                 bool has_ellipsis = false;
                 for (const auto& el : slices)
                 {
-                    if (xtl::get_if<xt::xnewaxis_tag>(&el) != nullptr)
+                    if (std::get_if<xt::xnewaxis_tag>(&el) != nullptr)
                     {
                         ++dimension;
                         ++n_newaxis;
                     }
-                    else if (xtl::get_if<std::ptrdiff_t>(&el) != nullptr)
+                    else if (std::get_if<std::ptrdiff_t>(&el) != nullptr)
                     {
                         --dimension;
                         --dimension_check;
                     }
-                    else if (xtl::get_if<xt::xellipsis_tag>(&el) != nullptr)
+                    else if (std::get_if<xt::xellipsis_tag>(&el) != nullptr)
                     {
                         if (has_ellipsis == true)
                         {
@@ -899,19 +899,19 @@ namespace xt
                 for (; i < slices.size(); ++i)
                 {
                     i_ax = static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i) - axis_skip);
-                    auto ptr = xtl::get_if<std::ptrdiff_t>(&slices[i]);
+                    auto ptr = std::get_if<std::ptrdiff_t>(&slices[i]);
                     if (ptr != nullptr)
                     {
                         auto slice0 = static_cast<old_strides_value_type>(*ptr);
                         new_offset += static_cast<std::size_t>(slice0 * old_strides[i_ax]);
                     }
-                    else if (xtl::get_if<xt::xnewaxis_tag>(&slices[i]) != nullptr)
+                    else if (std::get_if<xt::xnewaxis_tag>(&slices[i]) != nullptr)
                     {
                         new_shape[idx] = 1;
                         base_type::set_fake_slice(idx);
                         ++axis_skip, ++idx;
                     }
-                    else if (xtl::get_if<xt::xellipsis_tag>(&slices[i]) != nullptr)
+                    else if (std::get_if<xt::xellipsis_tag>(&slices[i]) != nullptr)
                     {
                         for (std::size_t j = 0; j < n_add_all; ++j)
                         {
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ namespace xt
                         }
                         axis_skip = axis_skip - static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(n_add_all) + 1;
                     }
-                    else if (xtl::get_if<xt::xall_tag>(&slices[i]) != nullptr)
+                    else if (std::get_if<xt::xall_tag>(&slices[i]) != nullptr)
                     {
                         new_shape[idx] = old_shape[i_ax];
                         new_strides[idx] = old_strides[i_ax];
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ namespace xt
                     else
                     {
                         slice_getter.idx = i_ax;
-                        auto info = xtl::visit(slice_getter, slices[i]);
+                        auto info = std::visit(slice_getter, slices[i]);
                         new_offset += static_cast<std::size_t>(info[0] * old_strides[i_ax]);
                         new_shape[idx] = static_cast<std::size_t>(info[1]);
                         new_strides[idx] = info[2] * old_strides[i_ax];
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
index a66ca56c7..85515da22 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct is_strided_view
             : std::integral_constant<
                   bool,
-                  xtl::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>, is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
+                  std::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>, is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
         {
         };
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ namespace xt
         {
             // if we have no `range` in the slices we can re-use the shape with an offset
             using type = std::conditional_t<
-                xtl::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
+                std::disjunction<is_xrange<S>...>::value,
                 typename xview_shape_type<typename E::shape_type, S...>::type,
                 // In the false branch we know that we have only integers at the front OR end, and NO range
                 typename unwrap_offset_container<E::static_layout, typename E::inner_shape_type, integral_count<S...>()>::type>;
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ namespace xt
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
 
         static constexpr bool has_trivial_strides = is_contiguous_view
-                                                    && !xtl::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
+                                                    && !std::disjunction<detail::is_xrange<S>...>::value;
         using inner_strides_type = std::conditional_t<
             has_trivial_strides,
             typename detail::unwrap_offset_container<
@@ -973,30 +973,22 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     inline layout_type xview<CT, S...>::layout() const noexcept
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
-            [&](auto self)
+        if constexpr (is_strided_view)
+        {
+            if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
             {
-                if (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
-                {
-                    return static_layout;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    bool strides_match = do_strides_match(
-                        self(this)->shape(),
-                        self(this)->strides(),
-                        self(this)->m_e.layout(),
-                        true
-                    );
-                    return strides_match ? self(this)->m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
-                }
-            },
-            /* else */
-            [&](auto /*self*/)
+                return static_layout;
+            }
+            else
             {
-                return layout_type::dynamic;
+                bool strides_match = do_strides_match(shape(), strides(), m_e.layout(), true);
+                return strides_match ? m_e.layout() : layout_type::dynamic;
             }
-        );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return layout_type::dynamic;
+        }
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1020,17 +1012,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T>
     inline void xview<CT, S...>::fill(const T& value)
     {
-        xtl::mpl::static_if<static_layout != layout_type::dynamic>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                std::fill(self(this)->linear_begin(), self(this)->linear_end(), value);
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                std::fill(self(this)->begin(), self(this)->end(), value);
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (static_layout != layout_type::dynamic)
+        {
+            std::fill(linear_begin(), linear_end(), value);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            std::fill(this->begin(), this->end(), value);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1409,18 +1398,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class ST>
     inline bool xview<CT, S...>::has_linear_assign(const ST& str) const
     {
-        return xtl::mpl::static_if<is_strided_view>(
-            [&](auto self)
-            {
-                return str.size() == self(this)->strides().size()
-                       && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), self(this)->strides().begin());
-            },
-            /*else*/
-            [](auto /*self*/)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-        );
+        if constexpr (is_strided_view)
+        {
+            return str.size() == strides().size() && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), strides().begin());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     //@}
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 19a03dc4d..cc2f9281a 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.29)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test CXX)
@@ -34,19 +34,7 @@ string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" U_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 
 include(set_compiler_flag.cmake)
 
-
-
-if(CPP17)
-  # User requested C++17, but compiler might not oblige.
-  set_compiler_flag(
-    _cxx_std_flag CXX
-    "-std=c++17"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
-    "/std:c++17"  # this should work with MSVC
-  )
-  if(_cxx_std_flag)
-    message(STATUS "Building with C++17")
-  endif()
-elseif(CPP20)
+if(CPP20)
   # User requested C++17, but compiler might not oblige.
   set_compiler_flag(
     _cxx_std_flag CXX
@@ -59,14 +47,14 @@ elseif(CPP20)
 else()
   set_compiler_flag(
     _cxx_std_flag CXX REQUIRED
-    "-std=c++14"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
-    "/std:c++14"  # this should work with MSVC
+    "-std=c++17"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
+    "/std:c++17"  # this should work with MSVC
   )
-  message(STATUS "Building with C++14")
+  message(STATUS "Building with C++17")
 endif()
 
 if(NOT _cxx_std_flag)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "xtensor-blas needs a C++14-compliant compiler.")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "xtensor needs a C++17-compliant compiler.")
 endif()
 
 OPTION(XTENSOR_ENABLE_WERROR "Turn on -Werror" OFF)
@@ -223,11 +211,6 @@ if(nlohmann_json_FOUND)
     list(APPEND XTENSOR_TESTS test_xexpression_holder.cpp)
 endif()
 
-# remove xinfo tests for compilers < GCC 5
-if(("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "GNU") AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 5))
-    list(REMOVE_ITEM XTENSOR_TESTS test_xinfo.cpp)
-endif()
-
 # Add files for npy tests
 set(XNPY_FILES
     bool

From 3abd17d151da2ea180d6d66dbc1337f8717b853e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2025 23:42:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 543/606] Migrated to more recent compilers

---
 .github/workflows/linux.yml | 77 ++++++++++++++++---------------------
 CMakeLists.txt              |  4 --
 test/test_xfixed.cpp        |  2 +-
 test/test_xsimd.cpp         |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index a6d2bab06..3de9fe91c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -12,52 +12,44 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash -e -l {0}
 jobs:
   build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     name: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         sys:
-        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: clang, version: '15', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: clang, version: '16', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: gcc, version: '8', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: gcc, version: '9', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '10', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
-        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: c++17, flags: -DCPP17=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
-        - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.sys.os }}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '17', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '18', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+          #- {compiler: clang, version: '19', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+          #- {compiler: clang, version: '20', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '13', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '13', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '14', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '14', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
     steps:
-    - name: Setup GCC
-      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc' }}
-      run: |
-        GCC_VERSION=${{ matrix.sys.version }}
-        sudo apt-get update
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-$GCC_VERSION
-        CC=gcc-$GCC_VERSION
-        echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        CXX=g++-$GCC_VERSION
-        echo "CXX=$CXX" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - name: Setup clang
-      if: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang' }}
+    - name: Install GCC
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc'
+      uses: egor-tensin/setup-gcc@v1
+      with:
+        version: ${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        platform: x64
+
+    - name: Install LLVM and Clang
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang'
       run: |
-        LLVM_VERSION=${{ matrix.sys.version }}
-        wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - || exit 1
-        if [[ $LLVM_VERSION -ge 13 ]]; then
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-$LLVM_VERSION main" || exit 1
-        else
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal main" || exit 1
-        fi || exit 1
-        sudo apt-get update || exit 1
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install clang-$LLVM_VERSION || exit 1
-        sudo apt-get --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install g++-9 g++-9-multilib || exit 1
-        sudo ln -s /usr/include/asm-generic /usr/include/asm
-        CC=clang-$LLVM_VERSION
-        echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        CXX=clang++-$LLVM_VERSION
-        echo "CXX=$CXX" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        wget https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
+        chmod +x llvm.sh
+        sudo ./llvm.sh ${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo apt-get install -y clang-tools-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++                 clang++                     /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang                       clang                         /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps   clang-scan-deps     /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang-scan-deps /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}}
 
     - name: Checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -73,10 +65,9 @@ jobs:
           ${{ (matrix.sys.name == 'tbb' || matrix.sys.name == 'xsimd-tbb' ) && 'tbb-devel' || '' }}
 
     - name: Configure using CMake
-      #      env:
-      #        CC: ${{ env.CC }}
-      #        CXX: ${{ env.CXX }}
-      run: cmake -G Ninja -Bbuild -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$CC -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$CXX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
+      run: |
+        if [[ "${{matrix.sys.compiler}}" = "gcc" ]]; then export CC=gcc-${{matrix.sys.version}}; export CXX=g++-${{matrix.sys.version}}; else export CC=clang; export CXX=clang++; fi
+        cmake -G Ninja -Bbuild -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$CC -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$CXX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_TESTS=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
 
     - name: Install
       working-directory: build
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index d969a486b..c7ec920c9 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -226,10 +226,6 @@ if(DEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR)
     add_definitions(-DXTENSOR_DEFAULT_LAYOUT=layout_type::column_major)
 endif()
 
-if(DISABLE_VS2017)
-    add_definitions(-DDISABLE_VS2017)
-endif()
-
 if(MSVC AND DISABLE_MSVC_ITERATOR_CHECK)
     add_compile_definitions($<$<CONFIG:Debug>:_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL=0>)
 endif()
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index d6e492283..b4af22af2 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 // test_fixed removed from MSVC x86 because of recurring ICE.
 // Will be enabled again when the compiler is fixed
 
-#if (_MSC_VER < 1910 && _WIN64) || (_MSC_VER >= 1910 && !defined(DISABLE_VS2017)) || !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1910 && _WIN64) || (_MSC_VER >= 1910) || !defined(_MSC_VER)
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/test/test_xsimd.cpp b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
index 6b1d84199..69d2ee995 100644
--- a/test/test_xsimd.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xsimd.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #ifndef VS_SKIP_XFIXED
 
 
-#if (_MSC_VER < 1910 && _WIN64) || (_MSC_VER >= 1910 && !defined(DISABLE_VS2017)) || !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1910 && _WIN64) || (_MSC_VER >= 1910) || !defined(_MSC_VER)
 
 #include <complex>
 #include <limits>

From 7eb298de757926a081e898a8578934beb2df211c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mykola Vankovych <mykola.vankovych@biodataanalysis.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 16:48:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 544/606] Added fixes for building with clang 19 (more strict
 template matching rules)

---
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp     | 4 ++--
 include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp | 7 +++----
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp            | 3 ++-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index 46318c259..a3185259a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1637,8 +1637,8 @@ namespace xt
         return !(lhs < rhs);
     }
 
-// Workaround for rebind_container problems on GCC 8 with C++17 enabled
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6 && !defined(__clang__) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+// Workaround for rebind_container problems when C++17 feature is enabled
+#ifdef __cpp_template_template_args
     template <class X, class T, std::size_t N>
     struct rebind_container<X, aligned_array<T, N>>
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp
index 4328e54fb..5ec0f86fe 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression_traits.hpp
@@ -103,16 +103,15 @@ namespace xt
             using type = xarray<T, L>;
         };
 
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 6)
-#if __cplusplus == 201703L
+// Workaround for rebind_container problems when C++17 feature is enabled
+#ifdef __cpp_template_template_args
         template <template <class, std::size_t, class, bool> class S, class X, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
         struct xtype_for_shape<S<X, N, A, Init>>
         {
             template <class T, layout_type L>
             using type = xarray<T, L>;
         };
-#endif  // __cplusplus == 201703L
-#endif  // __GNUC__ && (__GNUC__ > 6)
+#endif  // __cpp_template_template_args
 
         template <template <class, std::size_t> class S, class X, std::size_t N>
         struct xtype_for_shape<S<X, N>>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 4f83a7a79..7c4989506 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -1005,7 +1005,8 @@ namespace xt
         using type = C<X, allocator>;
     };
 
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6 && !defined(__clang__) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+// Workaround for rebind_container problems when C++17 feature is enabled
+#ifdef __cpp_template_template_args
     template <class X, class T, std::size_t N>
     struct rebind_container<X, std::array<T, N>>
     {

From 82e1c6cb6aa43f98624eb54f7cb1914ad099e9b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2025 01:13:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 545/606] Added clang19 and clang20 to CI

---
 .github/workflows/linux.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index 3de9fe91c..91d65b5ba 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ jobs:
         sys:
         - {compiler: clang, version: '17', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '18', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
-          #- {compiler: clang, version: '19', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
-          #- {compiler: clang, version: '20', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '19', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '20', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}

From f31d415a507b84d0097436a38293df3f56906ad1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2025 10:27:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 546/606] Release 0.26.0

---
 README.md                               | 10 ++++----
 docs/source/changelog.rst               | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7be17f6ee..0902f8001 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ Julia and R bindings, check out the [xtensor-python](https://github.com/xtensor-
 [xtensor-julia](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/Xtensor.jl) and
 [xtensor-r](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-r) projects respectively.
 
-`xtensor` requires a modern C++ compiler supporting C++14. The following C++
-compilers are supported:
+Up to version 0.26.0, `xtensor` requires a C++ compiler supporting C++14.
+
+`xtensor` 0.26.x requires a C++ compiler supporting C++17.
 
- - On Windows platforms, Visual C++ 2015 Update 2, or more recent
- - On Unix platforms, gcc 4.9 or a recent version of Clang
 
 ## Installation
 
@@ -97,7 +96,8 @@ library:
 
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
-|  master   | ^0.7.5  |       ^11.0.0     |
+|  master   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
+|  0.26.0   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
 |  0.25.0   | ^0.7.5  |       ^11.0.0     |
 |  0.24.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
 |  0.24.6   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index b04f282e4..54ac3a1a4 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,40 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.26.0
+------
+
+- Adding the ability to enable memory overlap check in assignment to avoid unneeded temporary memory allocation
+  `# 2768 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2768`
+- Pure xtensor FFT implementation
+  `# 2782 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2782`
+- Update for C++ 20 compatibility
+  `# 2774 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2774`
+- Fixed CI added OSX 13 and GCC 12
+  `# 2796 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2796`
+- Fix compile issue with clang 19.1.1
+  `# 2813 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2813`
+- Avoid warnings in compiler version checks
+  `# 2781 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2781`
+- Bump OSX Version 12 -> 13 to avoid deprecated environment
+  `# 2818 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2818`
+- Update gh-pages.yml
+  `# 2824 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2824`
+- Upgraded to xsimd 13.2.0
+  `# 2825 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2825`
+- Added missing configuration key for RTD
+  `# 2826 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2826`
+- Code reorganization
+  `# 2829 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2829`
+- Adding fix for incorrect usage of xt::has_assign_conversion in xassig
+  `# 2830 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2830`
+- Upgraded to xtl 0.8.0 and C++17
+  `# 2831 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2831`
+- Migrated to more recent compilers
+  `# 2832 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2832`
+- Fix for Clang19
+  `# 2833 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2833`
+
 0.25.0
 ------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
index f3fbb1d82..09b856554 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #define XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 25
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 26
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
 
 

From 73d89dddf233665816779913474e1951ec94f61f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2025 15:52:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 547/606] Replaced apply_cv with xtl::apply_cv and deleted
 duplicated code

---
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp              | 68 -------------------
 include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp      |  4 +-
 .../xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp    |  4 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 7c4989506..71b653d44 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -533,74 +533,6 @@ namespace xt
         return std::get<I>(static_cast<const std::tuple<Args...>&>(v));
     }
 
-    /***************************
-     * apply_cv implementation *
-     ***************************/
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <
-            class T,
-            class U,
-            bool = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value,
-            bool = std::is_volatile<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value>
-        struct apply_cv_impl
-        {
-            using type = U;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class U>
-        struct apply_cv_impl<T, U, true, false>
-        {
-            using type = const U;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class U>
-        struct apply_cv_impl<T, U, false, true>
-        {
-            using type = volatile U;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class U>
-        struct apply_cv_impl<T, U, true, true>
-        {
-            using type = const volatile U;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class U>
-        struct apply_cv_impl<T&, U, false, false>
-        {
-            using type = U&;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class U>
-        struct apply_cv_impl<T&, U, true, false>
-        {
-            using type = const U&;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class U>
-        struct apply_cv_impl<T&, U, false, true>
-        {
-            using type = volatile U&;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, class U>
-        struct apply_cv_impl<T&, U, true, true>
-        {
-            using type = const volatile U&;
-        };
-    }
-
-    template <class T, class U>
-    struct apply_cv
-    {
-        using type = typename detail::apply_cv_impl<T, U>::type;
-    };
-
-    template <class T, class U>
-    using apply_cv_t = typename apply_cv<T, U>::type;
-
     /**************************
      * to_array implementation *
      ***************************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
index 64bae99cb..62489b08f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
         using shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
         using value_type = xstrided_view<CT, shape_type>;
-        using reference = std::remove_reference_t<apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>;
-        using pointer = xtl::xclosure_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>>;
+        using reference = std::remove_reference_t<xtl::apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>;
+        using pointer = xtl::xclosure_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<xtl::apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>>;
 
         using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
index 330fd97e9..108955595 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ namespace xt
         using shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
         using strides_type = typename xexpression_type::strides_type;
         using value_type = xstrided_view<CT, shape_type>;
-        using reference = std::remove_reference_t<apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>;
-        using pointer = xtl::xclosure_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>>;
+        using reference = std::remove_reference_t<xtl::apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>;
+        using pointer = xtl::xclosure_pointer<std::remove_reference_t<xtl::apply_cv_t<CT, value_type>>>;
 
         using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
 

From 9cd70cf57b0edda2111ecb6ec8c812f2768f19f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <dahubley@hotmail.ca>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2025 20:22:53 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 548/606] Update apply to std 17

---
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp | 39 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 test/test_xutils.cpp             |  6 ++---
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 7c4989506..cce399a17 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -283,29 +283,30 @@ namespace xt
      * apply implementation *
      ************************/
 
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class R, class F, std::size_t I, class... S>
-        R apply_one(F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s) NOEXCEPT(noexcept(func(std::get<I>(s))))
-        {
-            return static_cast<R>(func(std::get<I>(s)));
-        }
-
-        template <class R, class F, std::size_t... I, class... S>
-        R apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, std::index_sequence<I...> /*seq*/, const std::tuple<S...>& s)
-            NOEXCEPT(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))))
-        {
-            using FT = std::add_pointer_t<R(F&&, const std::tuple<S...>&)>;
-            static const std::array<FT, sizeof...(I)> ar = {{&apply_one<R, F, I, S...>...}};
-            return ar[index](std::forward<F>(func), s);
-        }
-    }
-
     template <class R, class F, class... S>
     inline R apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s)
         NOEXCEPT(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))))
     {
-        return detail::apply<R>(index, std::forward<F>(func), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(S)>(), s);
+        XTENSOR_ASSERT(sizeof...(S) > index);
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](const S&... args) -> R
+            {
+                auto f_impl = [&](auto&& self, auto&& i, auto&& h, auto&&... t) -> R
+                {
+                    if (i == index)
+                    {
+                        return static_cast<R>(func(h));
+                    }
+                    if constexpr (sizeof...(t) > 0)
+                    {
+                        return self(self, std::size_t{i + 1}, t...);
+                    }
+                    return R{};
+                };
+                return f_impl(f_impl, std::size_t{0}, args...);
+            },
+            s
+        );
     }
 
     /***************************
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index a6acfe759..5a88baa39 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -104,16 +104,16 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(utils, apply)
     {
         ASSERT_TRUE(foo(std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3)) == 2);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(noexcept(foo(std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3))));
+        static_assert(!noexcept(foo(std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3))));
         auto func_ne = [](int i) noexcept
         {
             return i;
         };
         auto t = std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3);
 #if (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
-        EXPECT_FALSE(noexcept(apply<int>(1, func_ne, t)));
+        static_assert(!noexcept(apply<int>(1, func_ne, t)));
 #else
-        EXPECT_TRUE(noexcept(apply<int>(1, func_ne, t)));
+        static_assert(noexcept(apply<int>(1, func_ne, t)));
 #endif
     }
 

From 7910a2d2254d2b4552b7523684935a8679c2ede9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sbstndb/sbstndbs <30315405+sbstndb@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2025 12:37:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 549/606] feat: Use cpp20 by default (#2839)

---
 CMakeLists.txt         |  4 ++--
 test/CMakeLists.txt    | 20 ++++++++++----------
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp |  8 +++++++-
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index c7ec920c9..f2a9fdf12 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ target_include_directories(xtensor INTERFACE
     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}>
     $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
 
-target_compile_features(xtensor INTERFACE cxx_std_17)
+target_compile_features(xtensor INTERFACE cxx_std_20)
 
 target_link_libraries(xtensor INTERFACE xtl)
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ OPTION(BUILD_TESTS "xtensor test suite" OFF)
 OPTION(BUILD_BENCHMARK "xtensor benchmark" OFF)
 OPTION(DOWNLOAD_GBENCHMARK "download google benchmark and build from source" ON)
 OPTION(DEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR "set default layout to column major" OFF)
-OPTION(CPP20 "enables C++20 (experimental)" OFF)
+OPTION(CPP23 "enables C++23 (experimental)" OFF)
 OPTION(XTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS "Disable C++ exceptions" OFF)
 OPTION(DISABLE_MSVC_ITERATOR_CHECK "Disable the MVSC iterator check" ON)
 
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index cc2f9281a..884de312b 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -34,27 +34,27 @@ string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" U_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 
 include(set_compiler_flag.cmake)
 
-if(CPP20)
-  # User requested C++17, but compiler might not oblige.
+if(CPP23)
+  # User requested C++23, but compiler might not oblige.
   set_compiler_flag(
     _cxx_std_flag CXX
-    "-std=c++2a"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
-    "/std:c++20"  # this should work with MSVC
+    "-std=c++23"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
+    "/std:c++23"  # this should work with MSVC
   )
   if(_cxx_std_flag)
-    message(STATUS "Building with C++20")
+    message(STATUS "Building with C++23")
   endif()
 else()
   set_compiler_flag(
     _cxx_std_flag CXX REQUIRED
-    "-std=c++17"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
-    "/std:c++17"  # this should work with MSVC
+    "-std=c++20"  # this should work with GNU, Intel, PGI
+    "/std:c++20"  # this should work with MSVC
   )
-  message(STATUS "Building with C++17")
+  message(STATUS "Building with C++20")
 endif()
 
 if(NOT _cxx_std_flag)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "xtensor needs a C++17-compliant compiler.")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "xtensor needs a C++20-compliant compiler.")
 endif()
 
 OPTION(XTENSOR_ENABLE_WERROR "Turn on -Werror" OFF)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel"
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Werror -DSKIP_ON_WERROR")
   endif()
 elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
-  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /MP /bigobj")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${_cxx_std_flag} /Zc:__cplusplus /MP /bigobj")
   set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /MANIFEST:NO")
   add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
   add_definitions(-D_SILENCE_TR1_NAMESPACE_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index fd69922d0..73d952b6f 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -676,7 +676,13 @@ namespace xt
 
         xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t> sd = {3, 2, 1};
         auto ed1 = empty<double>(sd);
-        auto ed2 = empty<double, layout_type::column_major>(dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({3, 3, 3}));
+// TODO : The ed2 expression do not work on MSVC due to bad deduction since cpp20. We need to fix it for MSVC.
+#if defined(_MSVC_LANG)
+        using ShapeType = xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
+        auto ed2 = empty<double, xt::layout_type::column_major, ShapeType>(ShapeType({3, 3, 3}));
+#else
+        auto ed2 = empty<double, xt::layout_type::column_major>(xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>({3, 3, 3}));
+#endif
         auto ed3 = empty<double>(std::vector<std::size_t>({3, 3, 3}));
         b = std::is_same<decltype(ed1), xarray<double>>::value;
         EXPECT_TRUE(b);

From a1b150fd0c5a14826c43a70e96fcc03cfa175c5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2025 15:19:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 550/606] Set C++20 in clang-format (#2843)

---
 .clang-format | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
index d092c0781..3cdca3d53 100644
--- a/.clang-format
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -85,6 +85,6 @@ SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
 SpacesInContainerLiterals: false
 SpacesInParentheses: false
 SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
-Standard: c++14
+Standard: c++20
 TabWidth: '4'
 UseTab: Never

From cd07eaa9f70f87e7725fac06f03caa43dcc7b88e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ThisIsFineTM <184989147+ThisIsFineTM@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2025 11:47:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 551/606] Update docs to reflect new directory structure.
 (#2845)

---
 docs/source/adaptor.rst                       | 26 +++----
 docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst    |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst           |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst         |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/error_functions.rst           |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst     |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst      |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/index_related.rst             |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst             |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst        |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/operators.rst                 |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/power_functions.rst           |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst        |  4 +-
 docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst   |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst              |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xadapt.rst                    |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xarray.rst                    |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst            |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst            |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst      |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst                |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst                  |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst                |  6 +-
 docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst       |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xcsv.rst                      |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xexpression.rst               |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xfixed.rst                    |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xfunction.rst                 |  4 +-
 docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst                |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst                |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst               |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xio.rst                       |  6 +-
 docs/source/api/xiterable.rst                 |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xjson.rst                     |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst             |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst              |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xnpy.rst                      |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst        |  2 +-
 .../source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst   |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xpad.rst                      |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xrandom.rst                   |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xreducer.rst                  |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst                   |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst            |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst            |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xshape.rst                    |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xsort.rst                     |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst             |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xstrides.rst                  |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xtensor.rst                   |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst           |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xview.rst                     |  4 +-
 docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst            |  2 +-
 docs/source/container.rst                     | 20 +++---
 docs/source/developer/concepts.rst            | 10 +--
 docs/source/expression.rst                    |  8 +--
 docs/source/external-structures.rst           |  4 +-
 docs/source/file_loading.rst                  | 12 ++--
 docs/source/getting_started.rst               | 22 +++---
 docs/source/histogram.rst                     | 12 ++--
 docs/source/indices.rst                       | 26 +++----
 docs/source/numpy-differences.rst             |  4 +-
 docs/source/operator.rst                      | 54 +++++++-------
 docs/source/pitfall.rst                       |  2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/basic.rst                | 16 ++---
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst       |  4 +-
 docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst             | 42 +++++------
 docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst         | 22 +++---
 docs/source/related.rst                       | 18 ++---
 docs/source/scalar.rst                        |  8 +--
 docs/source/view.rst                          | 70 +++++++++----------
 docs/source/xfft.rst                          |  2 +-
 73 files changed, 251 insertions(+), 251 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/adaptor.rst b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
index c4bd153ac..64fd7caf3 100644
--- a/docs/source/adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/adaptor.rst
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ The following example shows how to bring an ``std::vector`` into the expression
 
     #include <cstddef>
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
 
     std::vector<double> v = {1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. };
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = { 2, 3 };
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ ownership of the array:
 .. code::
 
     #include <cstddef>
-    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
 
     void compute(double* data, std::size_t size)
     {
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ the ownership of the array, meaning it will be deleted when the adaptor is destr
 .. code::
 
     #include <cstddef>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
 
     void compute(double*& data, std::size_t size)
     {
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ adaptor before calling ``compute`` and pass it to the function:
 .. code::
 
     #include <cstddef>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
 
     template <class A>
     void compute(A& a)
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ Adapting C arrays allocated on the stack is as simple as adapting ``std::vector`
 
     #include <cstddef>
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
 
     double v[6] = {1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. };
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = { 2, 3 };
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ It will automatically increment the reference count of shared pointers upon crea
 .. code::
 
     #include <memory>
-    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     std::shared_ptr<double> sptr(new double[8], std::default_delete<double[]>());
     sptr.get()[2] = 321.;
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ memory) as follows:
 .. code::
 
     #include <memory>
-    #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     struct Buffer {
         Buffer(std::vector<double>& buf) : m_buf(buf) {}
diff --git a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
index 2bab12e94..edcc26909 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Accumulating functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following accumulating functions for xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: cumsum(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
index 4cdd11450..c96e34d66 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Basic functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following basic functions for xexpressions and scalars:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: abs(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
index aa7b8cc51..d170f737b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Classification functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following classification functions for xexpressions and scalars:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: isfinite(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
index aee5af61b..7b335e4cc 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Error and gamma functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following error and gamma functions for xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: erf(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
index 4c2147a5a..e2202dd67 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Exponential functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following exponential functions for xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: exp(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
index f6b71958f..e7e835104 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Hyperbolic functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following hyperbolic functions for xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. _sinh-function-reference:
 .. doxygenfunction:: sinh(E&&)
diff --git a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
index c3f5b1ed7..7f74c758e 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Index related functions
 =======================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xoperation.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: where(const T&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
index 27f91d515..5b35e5c0f 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ NaN functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following functions that deal with NaNs in xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: nan_to_num(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
index e083f8247..c4ba6832c 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Nearest integer floating point operations
 
 **xtensor** provides the following rounding operations for xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: ceil(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/operators.rst b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
index 09128ceea..32a474221 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/operators.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 Operators and related functions
 ===============================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp`` and ``xtensor/xoperation.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp`` and ``xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: operator+(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
index 5585bca5d..a11b5ba27 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Power functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following power functions for xexpressions and scalars:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: pow(E1&&, E2&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
index a8be2de61..223e57a92 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Reducing functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following reducing functions for xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, EVS)
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: trapz(const xexpression<T>&, const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xnorm.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: norm_l0(E&&, X&&, EVS)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
index 243bf57c5..6234470d0 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Trigonometric functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following trigonometric functions for xexpressions and scalars:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: sin(E&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst b/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst
index 07217167d..906f5288e 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xaccumulator.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xaccumulator
 ============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::accumulate(F&&, E&&, EVS)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xadapt.rst b/docs/source/api/xadapt.rst
index 761b7f5ba..86f9e4eb2 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xadapt.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xadapt.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xadapt
 ======
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xadapt.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp``
 
 .. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xarray.rst b/docs/source/api/xarray.rst
index 5a081056b..18e06692e 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xarray.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xarray.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xarray
 ======
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xarray.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xarray_container
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
index 9c40c9334..d1110c7ba 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xarray_adaptor.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xarray_adaptor
 ==============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xarray.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xarray_adaptor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst b/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst
index c2fdf0372..e43bae3ee 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xaxis_iterator.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xaxis_iterator
 ==============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xaxis_iterator
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst b/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst
index 0e49ac075..4882fc292 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xaxis_slice_iterator.rst
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 xaxis_slice_iterator
 ====================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xaxis_slice_iterator
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst b/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst
index 901f429fd..e5fe1790f 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xbroadcast.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xbroadcast
 ==========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xbroadcast
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst b/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
index 41f7b3194..db358f88e 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xbuilder
 ========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xbuilder.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::ones(S)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst b/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
index 5a94dd896..24fbf6c47 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xcontainer.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 layout
 ======
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xlayout.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xlayout.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::layout_type
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xlayout.hpp``
 xcontainer
 ==========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xcontainer.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xcontainer
    :members:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xcontainer.hpp``
 xstrided_container
 ==================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xcontainer.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xstrided_container
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst b/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst
index 1162af6c4..c69866083 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xcontainer_semantic.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xcontainer_semantic
 ===================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xsemantic.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xcontainer_semantic
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst b/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst
index 2e187e92a..bc762b00f 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xcsv.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xcsv: read/write CSV files
 ==========================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xcsv.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::load_csv
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst b/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst
index 800d44875..61f117592 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xexpression.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xexpression
 ===========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xexpression.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xexpression
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst b/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
index f00dabb6d..b9afc6d7b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfixed.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xtensor_fixed
 =============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xfixed.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xfixed_container
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst b/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst
index 9dd42a79b..e572e463b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfunction.rst
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
 xfunction
 =========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xfunction.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xfunction
    :members:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: make_lambda_xfunction
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst b/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
index f5d09ef65..8d96da7f3 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xgenerator.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xgenerator
 ==========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xgenerator.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xgenerator
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
index 073d75ef6..71b05c89b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xhistogram
 ==========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xhistogram.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::histogram_algorithm
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst
index 8fa1619e0..d47ab3733 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xindex_view.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xindex_view
 ===========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xindex_view.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xindex_view
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xio.rst b/docs/source/api/xio.rst
index 3b2a0587d..7af4c5d09 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xio.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xio.rst
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
 xio: pretty printing
 ====================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xio.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/io/xio.hpp``
 
 This file defines functions for pretty printing xexpressions. It defines appropriate
 overloads for the ``<<`` operator for std::ostreams and xexpressions.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst b/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
index 2e7d1a98b..f0ad5637d 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xiterable.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xiterable
 =========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xiterable.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xconst_iterable
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xjson.rst b/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
index 735846278..7a11957a5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xjson: serialize to/from JSON
 =============================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xjson.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/io/xjson.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::to_json(nlohmann::json&, const E&);
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
index 784dbe742..779010da5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmanipulation.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xmanipulation
 =============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp``
 
 .. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst
index 63ab0241b..b7df88ec3 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xmasked_view.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xmasked_view
 ============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xmasked_view
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst b/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst
index f7f861db3..0c1f3320a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xnpy.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xnpy: read/write NPY files
 ==========================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xnpy.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::load_npy(std::istream&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst
index 8e35426ad..e40d6bd9a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xoptional_assembly
 ==================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xoptional_assembly
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst
index 72b44fa29..f58c06690 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_adaptor.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xoptional_assembly_adaptor
 ==========================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xoptional_assembly.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xoptional_assembly_adaptor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst
index d65fb1f92..37fa07427 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xoptional_assembly_base.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xoptional_assembly_base
 =======================
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xoptional_assembly_base
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xpad.rst b/docs/source/api/xpad.rst
index b4c8a169a..971a14d04 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xpad.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xpad.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xpad
 ====
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xpad.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xpad.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::pad_mode
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
index 07cd1d321..c2040e48c 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xrandom.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xrandom
 =======
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xrandom.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp``
 
 .. warning:: xtensor uses a lazy generator for random numbers. You need to assign them or use ``eval`` to keep the generated values consistent.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst b/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
index 4b5570b93..85ee2a09a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xreducer
 ========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xreducer.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xreducer
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst b/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst
index 17fd209b7..5e3db7c82 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xrepeat.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xrepeat
 =======
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xrepeat.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xrepeat
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst b/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst
index 9ce72c7b7..c6062cf91 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xsemantic_base.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xsemantic_base
 ==============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xsemantic.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xsemantic_base
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
index 4ce798e38..31b25126c 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xset_operation
 ==============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xset_operation.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, F&&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
index 370d778ee..72f28b2ea 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xshape.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xshape
 ======
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xshape.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xshape.hpp``
 
 .. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xsort.rst b/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
index d6240d375..082532d52 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xsort.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xsort
 =====
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xsort.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp``
 
 .. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst b/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst
index 4d308e2ff..351b09da9 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xstrided_view.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xstrided_view
 =============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xstrided_view
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
index e3143e8ca..a09540557 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xstrides.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xstrides
 ========
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xstrides.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp``
 
 .. cpp:namespace-push:: xt
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst b/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst
index 7fa987462..f896da812 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xtensor.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xtensor
 =======
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xtensor.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xtensor_container
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
index bc10282a7..84e21f23e 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xtensor_adaptor.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xtensor_adaptor
 ===============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xtensor.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xtensor_adaptor
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xview.rst b/docs/source/api/xview.rst
index 37bf7f86b..9652ea26a 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xview.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xview.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xview
 =====
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xview.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xview.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xview
    :members:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/xview.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::col
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xslice.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/views/xslice.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::range(A, B)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst b/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst
index c8f5a39bd..211b27223 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xview_semantic.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 xview_semantic
 ==============
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xsemantic.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xview_semantic
    :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/container.rst b/docs/source/container.rst
index f2f644353..74367b7a8 100644
--- a/docs/source/container.rst
+++ b/docs/source/container.rst
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The following example shows how to initialize a multi-dimensional array of dynam
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     std::vector<size_t> strides = { 8, 4, 1 };
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ We can use the following shortcut to specify the strides instead of computing th
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::dynamic> a(shape, xt::layout_type::row_major);
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ If the layout of the array can be fixed at compile time, we can make it even sim
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     xt::xarray<double, xt::layout_type::row_major> a(shape);
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Let's use :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` instead of :cpp:type:`xt::xarray` in the previ
 .. code::
 
     #include <array>
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
 
     std::array<size_t, 3> shape = { 3, 2, 4 };
     xt::xtensor<double, 3> a(shape);
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Or when using :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor_fixed`:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xfixed.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 2, 4>> a();
     // or xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3, 2, 4>, xt::layout_type::row_major>()
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ remain the same:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
     // The following two lines ...
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ In this case, the value is inferred from the number of elements in the container
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
     xt::xarray<int> a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
     a.reshape({2, -1});
     // a.shape() return {2, 4}
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ A mechanism is provided to forcibly prevent usage of a temporary variable:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xnoalias.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp>
 
     // a, b, and c are xt::xarrays previously initialized
     xt::noalias(b) = a + c;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ The aliasing phenomenon is illustrated in the following example:
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> a_shape = {3, 2, 4};
     xt::xarray<double> a(a_shape);
diff --git a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
index fa8809599..06de0ffd2 100644
--- a/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
+++ b/docs/source/developer/concepts.rst
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class whose template parameter is ``A`` and should forward this parameter to :cp
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xexpression.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp>
 
     template <class T>
     class B : public xexpression<T>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ xiterable
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 The iterable concept is modeled by two classes, ``xconst_iterable`` and ``xiterable``, defined
-in ``xtensor/xiterable.hpp``. ``xconst_iterable`` provides types and methods for iterating on
+in ``xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp``. ``xconst_iterable`` provides types and methods for iterating on
 constant expressions, similar to the ones provided by the STL containers. Unlike the STL, the
 methods of ``xconst_iterable`` and ``xiterable`` are templated by a layout parameter that allows
 you to iterate over a N-dimensional expression in row-major order or column-major order.
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ given shape:
     #include <algorithm>
     #include <iterator>
     #include <iostream>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ The first overload is meant for computed assignment involving a scalar; it allow
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv)
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index 6bbaf9b2e..0fec517f7 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ You can access the elements of any :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` with :cpp:func:`~
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
     auto f = 2 * a;
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ of the expression:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Shape
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     using array_type = xt::xarray<double>;
     using shape_type = array_type::shape_type;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Element access
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #inclde "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #inclde "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
 
     // xt::xarray<double> a = ...
     std::vector<size_t> index = {1, 1, 1};
diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index b85fcd02f..1eb048138 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ strides based on the shape and the layout, so the implementation of the ``resize
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xstrides.hpp> // for utility functions
+    #include <xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp> // for utility functions
 
     template <class T>
     void resize(const shape_type& shape)
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ This part is relatively straightforward:
     template <class S>
     bool broadcast_shape(const S& s) const
     {
-        // Available in "xtensor/xtrides.hpp"
+        // Available in "xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp"
         return xt::broadcast_shape(shape(), s);
     }
 
diff --git a/docs/source/file_loading.rst b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
index 917eaa9b3..348b12e40 100644
--- a/docs/source/file_loading.rst
+++ b/docs/source/file_loading.rst
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ save data in the Comma-separated value format. The reference documentation is :d
     #include <fstream>
     #include <iostream>
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xcsv.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ Reference documentation for the functions used is found here :doc:`api/xnpy`.
     #include <iostream>
     #include <fstream>
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xnpy.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ The reference documentation is found :doc:`api/xjson`.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xjson.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xjson.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/getting_started.rst b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
index f37007528..45f315f8a 100644
--- a/docs/source/getting_started.rst
+++ b/docs/source/getting_started.rst
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ First example
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ This second example initializes a 1-dimensional array and reshapes it in-place:
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ When compiled and run, this produces the following output:
 
   .. code-block:: cpp
 
-      std::cout << xt::adapt(arr.shape()); // with: #include <xtensor/xadapt.hpp>
+      std::cout << xt::adapt(arr.shape()); // with: #include <xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp>
 
 Third example: index access
 ---------------------------
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ Third example: index access
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
@@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ This last example shows how to broadcast the :cpp:func:`xt::pow` universal funct
 .. code::
 
     #include <iostream>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/core/xmath.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/histogram.rst b/docs/source/histogram.rst
index f7796ce04..f1e37c94c 100644
--- a/docs/source/histogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/histogram.rst
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ with that difference that the bin-edges are obtained by a separate function call
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xhistogram.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ To customize the algorithm to be used to construct the histogram, one needs to m
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xhistogram.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/indices.rst b/docs/source/indices.rst
index cf51597f6..e32fce8c7 100644
--- a/docs/source/indices.rst
+++ b/docs/source/indices.rst
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ There are two types of indices: *array indices* and *flat indices*. Consider thi
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ For the same example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -222,9 +222,9 @@ For example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -252,10 +252,10 @@ For example
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xstrides.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     int main()
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
index fe162b6ae..03968685e 100644
--- a/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
+++ b/docs/source/numpy-differences.rst
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ array argument is a 0-D argument:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> x = 1;
     std::cout << xt::cumsum(x, 0) << std::endl;
diff --git a/docs/source/operator.rst b/docs/source/operator.rst
index bca7c1595..7323ed5a3 100644
--- a/docs/source/operator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/operator.rst
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ rules explained in a previous section.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #incude "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
+    #incude "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
     xt::xarray<int> b = {1, 2};
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ and an element-wise ternary function (similar to the ``: ?`` ternary operator):
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<bool> b = { false, true, true, false };
     xt::xarray<int> a1 = { 1,   2,  3,  4 };
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ C++ inequality operators: they are element-wise operators returning boolean
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a1 = {  1, 12,  3, 14 };
     xt::xarray<int> a2 = { 11,  2, 13, 4  };
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ function.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a1 = {  1,  2, 3, 4};
     xt::xarray<int> a2 = { 11, 12, 3, 4};
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ performed via :cpp:func:`xt::cast`, which performs an element-wise ``static_cast
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { 3, 5, 7 };
 
@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ axes removed.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/core/xmath.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::sum(a, {1, 3});
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ You can also call the :cpp:func:`xt::reduce` generator with your own reducing fu
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::reduce([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; },
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ A generator is provided to build the :cpp:type:`xt::xreducer_functors` object, t
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::reduce(xt::make_xreducer_functor([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; },
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ the evaluation and get the result:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     double res = xt::reduce([](double a, double b) { return a*a + b*b; }, arr)();
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ computation:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> arr = some_init_function({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     auto s1 = xt::sum<short>(arr); // No effect, short + int = int
@@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ as shown below:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp>
 
     template <class E>
     void my_computation(E&& e)
@@ -264,8 +264,8 @@ or :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor`.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/core/xmath.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({5, 8, 3});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::cumsum(a, 1);
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ function. For example, the implementation of cumsum is as follows:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> arr = some_init_function({5, 5, 5});
     xt::xarray<double> res = xt::accumulate([](double a, double b) { return a + b; },
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ with the same rules as those for reducers:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaccumulator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xaccumulator.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> arr = some_init_function({5, 5, 5});
     auto r1 = xt::cumsum<short>(a, 1);
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ Choosing an evaluation_strategy is straightforward. For reducers:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xreducer.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = xt::ones<double>({3, 2, 4, 6, 5});
     auto res = xt::sum(a, {1, 3}, xt::evaluation_strategy::immediate);
@@ -351,8 +351,8 @@ arguments:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xvectorize.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp>
 
     int f(int a, int b)
     {
diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index e986bb40c..0c404007f 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Alignment of fixed-size members
 When building with *xsimd* (see :ref:`external-dependencies`), if you define a structure
 having members of fixed-size xtensor types, you must ensure that the buffers properly
 aligned. For this you can use the macro ``XTENSOR_FIXED_ALIGN`` available in
-``xtensor/xtensor_config.hpp``.
+``xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp``.
 Consider the following example:
 
 .. code-block:: cpp
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
index ec23e8e33..2cd4b0d2b 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/basic.rst
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Tensor with dynamic shape:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double>::shape_type shape = {2, 3};
     xt::xarray<double> a0(shape);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Tensor with static number of dimensions:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor<double, 2>::shape_type shape = {2, 3};
     xt::xtensor<double, 2> a0(shape);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Tensor with fixed shape:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xfixed.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<2, 3>> = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ In-memory chunked tensor with dynamic shape:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp>
 
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
     std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ Output
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xfixed.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1., 2.}, {3., 4.}};
     std::cout << a << std::endl;
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
index 46ac95265..2f25c9f3f 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ An in-memory chunked array has the following type:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp>
 
     using data_type = double;
     // don't use this code:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ use the ``chunked_array`` factory function:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp>
 
     std::vector<std::size_t> shape = {10, 10, 10};
     std::vector<std::size_t> chunk_shape = {2, 3, 4};
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
index fd8abb494..6937aa371 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/iterator.rst
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Default iteration
 
     #include <iostream>
     #include <iterator>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     std::copy(a.begin(), a.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, ", "));
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Specified traversal order
 
     #include <iostream>
     #include <iterator>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     std::copy(a.begin<layout_type::row_major>(),
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Broacasting iteration
 
     #include <iostream>
     #include <iterator>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     using shape_type = xt::dynamic_shape<std::size_t>;
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ Iterating over axis 0:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ Iterating over axis 1:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ Iterating over axis 2:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ Iterating over axis 0:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ Iterating over axis 1:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
@@ -229,9 +229,9 @@ Iterating over axis 2:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     xarray<int> a = {{{1, 2, 3, 4},
                       {5, 6, 7, 8},
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst b/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
index e59d4225c..d020d1fac 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/manipulation.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ atleast_Nd
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a0 = 123;
     auto r1 = xt::atleast_1d(a0);
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ expand_dims
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto r0 = xt::expand_dims(a, 0);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ flip
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto f0 = xt::flip(a, 0);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ repeat
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
     auto r0 = xt::repeat(a, 3, 1);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ roll
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto t0 = xt::roll(a, 2);
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ rot90
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto r0 = xt::rot90<1>(a);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ split
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
     auto s0 = xt::split(a, 3);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ hsplit
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}};
     auto res = xt::hsplit(a, 2);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ vsplit
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
     auto res = xt::vsplit(a, 2);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ squeeze
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     auto b = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3});
     auto sq0 = xt::xqueeze(b);
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ trim_zeros
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = {0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0};
     auto t0 = xt::trim_zeros(a);
diff --git a/docs/source/related.rst b/docs/source/related.rst
index dba06da63..97fa5ab30 100644
--- a/docs/source/related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/related.rst
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a NumPy array in-place
 
     #include <numeric>                        // Standard library import for std::accumulate
     #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>            // Pybind11 import to define Python bindings
-    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>              // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
+    #include <xtensor/core/xmath.hpp>         // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
     #define FORCE_IMPORT_ARRAY                // NumPy C api loading
     #include <xtensor-python/pyarray.hpp>     // NumPy bindings
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library with a Julia array
     #include <numeric>                        // Standard library import for std::accumulate
     #include <cxx_wrap.hpp>                   // CxxWrap import to define Julia bindings
     #include <xtensor-julia/jltensor.hpp>     // Import the jltensor container definition
-    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>              // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
+    #include <xtensor/core/xmath.hpp>         // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
 
     double sum_of_sines(xt::jltensor<double, 2> m)
     {
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Example 1: Use an algorithm of the C++ library on a R array in-place
 .. code::
 
     #include <numeric>                    // Standard library import for std::accumulate
-    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>          // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
+    #include <xtensor/core/xmath.hpp>     // xtensor import for the C++ universal functions
     #include <xtensor-r/rarray.hpp>       // R bindings
     #include <Rcpp.h>
 
@@ -339,13 +339,13 @@ Calculate the derivative of a (discretized) field in Fourier space, e.g. a sine
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor-fftw/basic.hpp>   // rfft, irfft
-    #include <xtensor-fftw/helper.hpp>  // rfftscale
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xbuilder.hpp>     // xt::arange
-    #include <xtensor/xmath.hpp>        // xt::sin, cos
+    #include <xtensor-fftw/basic.hpp>          // rfft, irfft
+    #include <xtensor-fftw/helper.hpp>         // rfftscale
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp> // xt::arange
+    #include <xtensor/core/xmath.hpp>          // xt::sin, cos
     #include <complex>
-    #include <xtensor/xio.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/io/xio.hpp>
 
     // generate a sinusoid field
     double dx = M_PI / 100;
diff --git a/docs/source/scalar.rst b/docs/source/scalar.rst
index deafc7696..8d74dc8a5 100644
--- a/docs/source/scalar.rst
+++ b/docs/source/scalar.rst
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ but resized to become a 0-D array containing the scalar value:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     double s = 1.2;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Assuming that the scalar assignment does not resize the array, we have the follo
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     double s = 1.2;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ This is not consistent with the behavior of the copy constructor from a scalar:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a(1.2);
     std::cout << a << std::endl;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ a scalar:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     a = 1.2;
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index 66a3897b4..5348860b6 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Slices can be specified in the following ways:
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = {3, 2, 4};
     xt::xarray<int> a(shape);
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ The range function supports the placeholder ``_`` syntax:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>
 
     using namespace xt::placeholders;  // required for ``_`` to work
 
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ you are actually also altering the underlying expression.
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> shape = {3, 2, 4};
     xt::xarray<int> a(shape, 0);
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ The convenient methods :cpp:func:`xt::row` and :cpp:func:`xt::col` are available
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xtensor.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>
 
     xt::xtensor<double, 2> a = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
     auto r = xt::row(a, 0);
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ The strided view does not support the slices returned by the :cpp:func:`xt::keep
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 3, 4, 5});
 
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ Since ``xtensor 0.16.3``, a new range syntax can be used with strided views:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ Trying to build a transposed view on a expression with a dynamic layout throws a
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5} };
     auto tr = xt::transpose(a);
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ uses the layout of the expression.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<int> a = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5} };
     auto flc = xt::ravel<layout_type::column_major>(a);
@@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ the view modifies the underlying expression.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp>
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 4});
     auto v = xt::reshape_view(a, { 4, 2, 3 });
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ keeping or dropping of a slice is involved.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
     #include <xtensor/xdynamic_view.hp>
 
     auto a = xt::xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 2, 3, 4, 5});
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ Index views should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::index_view` helper function.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     auto b = xt::index_view(a, {{0,0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}});
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ The same stands for the type of the list of indices:
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     using index_type = std::array<std::size_t, 2>;
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ Filters should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::filter` helper function.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     auto v = xt::filter(a, a >= 5);
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ computed scalar assignments.
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xindex_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     filtration(a, a >= 5) += 100;
@@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ Masked views are multidimensional views that apply a mask on an :cpp:type:`xt::x
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xmasked_view.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp>
 
     xt::xarray<double> a = {{1, 5, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
     xt::xarray<bool> mask = {{true, false, false}, {false, true, false}};
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@ Broadcasting views should be built with the :cpp:func:`xt::broadcast` helper fun
 .. code::
 
     #include <vector>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xbroadcast.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp>
 
     std::vector<size_t> s1 = { 2, 3 };
     std::vector<size_t> s2 = { 3, 2, 3 };
@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ The returned value is an expression holding a closure on the passed argument.
 .. code::
 
     #include <complex>
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xcomplex.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp>
 
     using namespace std::complex_literals;
 
@@ -411,8 +411,8 @@ However, since views *cannot be resized*, when assigning an expression to a view
 
 .. code::
 
-    #include <xtensor/xarray.hpp>
-    #include <xtensor/xview.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
+    #include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>
 
     xarray<double> a = {{0., 1., 2.}, {3., 4., 5.}};
     double b = 1.2;
diff --git a/docs/source/xfft.rst b/docs/source/xfft.rst
index b506c8157..20eed9619 100644
--- a/docs/source/xfft.rst
+++ b/docs/source/xfft.rst
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 xfft
 ====
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/xfft.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::fft::convolve
    :project: xtensor

From 6705ba78f55ee68216e5cf6a40abeac75cbc1c9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexandre Hoffmann <alexandre.hoffmann.etu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2025 10:27:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 552/606] Adding concept to a part of the code (#2842)

---
 include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp     |   9 +-
 include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp    |   3 +
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp   |  32 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp      |   3 +
 include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp           |   3 +
 include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp   |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp |  18 +-
 include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp    |  19 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp             | 100 +++---
 include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp    |  32 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp   |  10 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp            |  15 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp     |  26 ++
 include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp    |   3 +
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp          |  17 +
 include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp           | 386 +++++++++++-----------
 16 files changed, 355 insertions(+), 323 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
index 9661142dc..4ab3a75c3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ namespace xt
         explicit xfixed_container(const inner_shape_type& shape, layout_type l = L);
         explicit xfixed_container(const inner_shape_type& shape, value_type v, layout_type l = L);
 
-        // remove this enable_if when removing the other value_type constructor
-        template <class IX = std::integral_constant<std::size_t, N>, class EN = std::enable_if_t<IX::value != 0, int>>
-        xfixed_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t);
+        template <class IX = std::integral_constant<std::size_t, N>>
+        xfixed_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t)
+            requires(IX::value != 0);
 
         ~xfixed_container() = default;
 
@@ -639,8 +639,9 @@ namespace xt
      * Note: for clang < 3.8 this is an initializer_list and the size is not checked at compile-or runtime.
      */
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    template <class IX, class EN>
+    template <class IX>
     inline xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::xfixed_container(nested_initializer_list_t<value_type, N> t)
+        requires(IX::value != 0)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(
             detail::check_initializer_list_shape<N>::run(t, this->shape()) == true,
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
index bfeba09b7..9464f4721 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
@@ -317,6 +317,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     using is_xscalar = detail::is_xscalar_impl<E>;
 
+    template <class E>
+    concept xscalar_concept = is_xscalar<std::decay_t<E>>::value;
+
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class... E>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index a3185259a..28ad238e5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -25,14 +25,6 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class It>
-        using require_input_iter = typename std::enable_if<
-            std::is_convertible<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::iterator_category, std::input_iterator_tag>::value>::type;
-    }
-
     template <class C>
     struct is_contiguous_container : std::true_type
     {
@@ -64,7 +56,7 @@ namespace xt
         explicit uvector(size_type count, const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());
         uvector(size_type count, const_reference value, const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());
 
-        template <class InputIt, class = detail::require_input_iter<InputIt>>
+        template <std::input_iterator InputIt>
         uvector(InputIt first, InputIt last, const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());
 
         uvector(std::initializer_list<T> init, const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());
@@ -277,7 +269,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, class A>
-    template <class InputIt, class>
+    template <std::input_iterator InputIt>
     inline uvector<T, A>::uvector(InputIt first, InputIt last, const allocator_type& alloc)
         : m_allocator(alloc)
         , p_begin(nullptr)
@@ -675,19 +667,21 @@ namespace xt
 
         svector(const std::vector<T>& vec);
 
-        template <class IT, class = detail::require_input_iter<IT>>
+        template <std::input_iterator IT>
         svector(IT begin, IT end, const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());
 
-        template <std::size_t N2, bool I2, class = std::enable_if_t<N != N2, void>>
-        explicit svector(const svector<T, N2, A, I2>& rhs);
+        template <std::size_t N2, bool I2>
+        explicit svector(const svector<T, N2, A, I2>& rhs)
+            requires(N != N2);
 
         svector& operator=(const svector& rhs);
         svector& operator=(svector&& rhs) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_type>::value);
         svector& operator=(const std::vector<T>& rhs);
         svector& operator=(std::initializer_list<T> il);
 
-        template <std::size_t N2, bool I2, class = std::enable_if_t<N != N2, void>>
-        svector& operator=(const svector<T, N2, A, I2>& rhs);
+        template <std::size_t N2, bool I2>
+        svector& operator=(const svector<T, N2, A, I2>& rhs)
+            requires(N != N2);
 
         svector(const svector& other);
         svector(svector&& other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_type>::value);
@@ -809,7 +803,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
-    template <class IT, class>
+    template <std::input_iterator IT>
     inline svector<T, N, A, Init>::svector(IT begin, IT end, const allocator_type& alloc)
         : m_allocator(alloc)
     {
@@ -817,8 +811,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
-    template <std::size_t N2, bool I2, class>
+    template <std::size_t N2, bool I2>
     inline svector<T, N, A, Init>::svector(const svector<T, N2, A, I2>& rhs)
+        requires(N != N2)
         : m_allocator(rhs.get_allocator())
     {
         assign(rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
@@ -876,8 +871,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
-    template <std::size_t N2, bool I2, class>
+    template <std::size_t N2, bool I2>
     inline svector<T, N, A, Init>& svector<T, N, A, Init>::operator=(const svector<T, N2, A, I2>& rhs)
+        requires(N != N2)
     {
         m_allocator = std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(
             rhs.get_allocator()
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
index f32879035..1f8c98194 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
@@ -179,6 +179,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     using is_xexpression = is_crtp_base_of<xexpression, E>;
 
+    template <class E>
+    concept xexpression_concept = is_xexpression<E>::value;
+
     template <class E, class R = void>
     using enable_xexpression = typename std::enable_if<is_xexpression<E>::value, R>::type;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
index b4027d9dd..28fbe43cc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
@@ -508,6 +508,9 @@ namespace xt
         };
     }
 
+    template <typename T>
+    concept fixed_shape_container_concept = detail::is_fixed<typename std::decay_t<T>::shape_type>::value;
+
     template <class... S>
     struct promote_shape
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index cb94cea0f..8a2f61147 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ namespace xt
         return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::concatenate_impl<CT...>(std::move(t), axis), shape);
     }
 
-    template <std::size_t axis, class... CT, typename = std::enable_if_t<detail::all_fixed_shapes<CT...>::value>>
+    template <std::size_t axis, fixed_shape_container_concept... CT>
     inline auto concatenate(std::tuple<CT...>&& t)
     {
         using shape_type = detail::concat_fixed_shape_t<axis, typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type...>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
index 95c4fb753..f4dfc191f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     class xgenerator;
 
+    template <typename T>
+    concept xgenerator_concept = is_specialization_of<xgenerator, std::decay_t<T>>::value;
+
     template <class C, class R, class S>
     struct xiterable_inner_types<xgenerator<C, R, S>>
     {
@@ -80,10 +83,9 @@ namespace xt
      * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
      *************************************/
 
-    template <class E>
-    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
-        E,
-        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xgenerator, E>::value>>
+    template <xgenerator_concept E>
+        requires(without_memory_address_concept<E>)
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E>
     {
         static bool check_overlap(const E&, const memory_range&)
         {
@@ -165,8 +167,9 @@ namespace xt
         template <class O>
         const_stepper stepper_end(const O& shape, layout_type) const noexcept;
 
-        template <class E, class FE = F, class = std::enable_if_t<has_assign_to<E, FE>::value>>
-        void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const noexcept;
+        template <class E, class FE = F>
+        void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const noexcept
+            requires(has_assign_to_v<E, FE>);
 
         const functor_type& functor() const noexcept;
 
@@ -371,8 +374,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class F, class R, class S>
-    template <class E, class, class>
+    template <class E, class FE>
     inline void xgenerator<F, R, S>::assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const noexcept
+        requires(has_assign_to_v<E, FE>)
     {
         e.derived_cast().resize(m_shape);
         m_f.assign_to(e);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
index dbb2819d7..5e365f667 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "../generators/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "../generators/xgenerator.hpp"
+#include "../misc/xtl_concepts.hpp"
 #include "../views/xindex_view.hpp"
 #include "../views/xview.hpp"
 
@@ -175,13 +176,11 @@ namespace xt
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         void shuffle(xexpression<T>& e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
-        template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>>
-        permutation(T e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        template <xtl::integral_concept T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
+        xtensor<T, 1> permutation(T e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
-        template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<T>>::value, std::decay_t<T>>
-        permutation(T&& e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
+        template <xexpression_concept T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
+        std::decay_t<T> permutation(T&& e, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         xtensor<typename T::value_type, 1> choice(
@@ -835,8 +834,8 @@ namespace xt
          *
          * @return randomly permuted copy of container or arange.
          */
-        template <class T, class E>
-        std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xtensor<T, 1>> permutation(T e, E& engine)
+        template <xtl::integral_concept T, class E>
+        xtensor<T, 1> permutation(T e, E& engine)
         {
             xt::xtensor<T, 1> res = xt::arange<T>(e);
             shuffle(res, engine);
@@ -844,8 +843,8 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
-        template <class T, class E>
-        std::enable_if_t<is_xexpression<std::decay_t<T>>::value, std::decay_t<T>> permutation(T&& e, E& engine)
+        template <xexpression_concept T, class E>
+        std::decay_t<T> permutation(T&& e, E& engine)
         {
             using copy_type = std::decay_t<T>;
             copy_type res = e;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
index 5e54303ee..954b55a9b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "../misc/xcomplex.hpp"
 #include "../views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp"
 #include "../views/xview.hpp"
+#include "./xtl_concepts.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -19,9 +20,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         namespace detail
         {
-            template <
-                class E,
-                typename std::enable_if<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+            template <xtl::complex_concept E>
             inline auto radix2(E&& e)
             {
                 using namespace xt::placeholders;
@@ -125,72 +124,59 @@ namespace xt
          * @param axis the axis along which to perform the 1D FFT
          * @return a transformed xarray of the specified precision
          */
-        template <
-            class E,
-            typename std::enable_if<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+        template <class E>
         inline auto fft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
         {
-            using value_type = typename std::decay_t<E>::value_type;
-            using precision = typename value_type::value_type;
-            const auto saxis = xt::normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
-            const size_t N = e.shape(saxis);
-            const bool powerOfTwo = !(N == 0) && !(N & (N - 1));
-            xt::xarray<std::complex<precision>> out = xt::eval(e);
-            auto begin = xt::axis_slice_begin(out, saxis);
-            auto end = xt::axis_slice_end(out, saxis);
-            for (auto iter = begin; iter != end; iter++)
+            using value_type = typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type;
+            if constexpr (xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value)
             {
-                if (powerOfTwo)
-                {
-                    xt::noalias(*iter) = detail::radix2(*iter);
-                }
-                else
+                using precision = typename value_type::value_type;
+                const auto saxis = xt::normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis);
+                const size_t N = e.shape(saxis);
+                const bool powerOfTwo = !(N == 0) && !(N & (N - 1));
+                xt::xarray<std::complex<precision>> out = xt::eval(e);
+                auto begin = xt::axis_slice_begin(out, saxis);
+                auto end = xt::axis_slice_end(out, saxis);
+                for (auto iter = begin; iter != end; iter++)
                 {
-                    xt::noalias(*iter) = detail::transform_bluestein(*iter);
+                    if (powerOfTwo)
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(*iter) = detail::radix2(*iter);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        xt::noalias(*iter) = detail::transform_bluestein(*iter);
+                    }
                 }
+                return out;
             }
-            return out;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * @brief 1D FFT of an Nd array along a specified axis
-         * @param e an Nd expression to be transformed to the fourier domain
-         * @param axis the axis along which to perform the 1D FFT
-         * @return a transformed xarray of the specified precision
-         */
-        template <
-            class E,
-            typename std::enable_if<!xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
-        inline auto fft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
-        {
-            using value_type = typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type;
-            return fft(xt::cast<std::complex<value_type>>(e), axis);
-        }
-
-        template <
-            class E,
-            typename std::enable_if<xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
-        auto ifft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
-        {
-            // check the length of the data on that axis
-            const std::size_t n = e.shape(axis);
-            if (n == 0)
+            else
             {
-                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot take the iFFT along an empty dimention");
+                return fft(xt::cast<std::complex<value_type>>(e), axis);
             }
-            auto complex_args = xt::conj(e);
-            auto fft_res = xt::fft::fft(complex_args, axis);
-            fft_res = xt::conj(fft_res);
-            return fft_res;
         }
 
-        template <
-            class E,
-            typename std::enable_if<!xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value, bool>::type = true>
+        template <class E>
         inline auto ifft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
         {
-            using value_type = typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type;
-            return ifft(xt::cast<std::complex<value_type>>(e), axis);
+            if constexpr (xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value)
+            {
+                // check the length of the data on that axis
+                const std::size_t n = e.shape(axis);
+                if (n == 0)
+                {
+                    XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot take the iFFT along an empty dimention");
+                }
+                auto complex_args = xt::conj(e);
+                auto fft_res = xt::fft::fft(complex_args, axis);
+                fft_res = xt::conj(fft_res);
+                return fft_res;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                using value_type = typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type;
+                return ifft(xt::cast<std::complex<value_type>>(e), axis);
+            }
         }
 
         /*
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index 42395dd57..f0af92892 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 #include "../views/xrepeat.hpp"
 #include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtl_concepts.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     auto squeeze(E&& e);
 
-    template <class E, class S, class Tag = check_policy::none, std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, xtl::non_integral_concept S, class Tag = check_policy::none>
     auto squeeze(E&& e, S&& axis, Tag check_policy = Tag());
 
     template <class E>
@@ -210,20 +211,21 @@ namespace xt
             return transpose_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(permutation), check_policy::none());
         }
 
-        template <class E, class S, class X, std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value>* = nullptr>
-        inline void compute_transposed_strides(E&& e, const S&, X& strides)
+        template <class E, class S, class X>
+        inline void compute_transposed_strides(E&& e, const S& shape, X& strides)
         {
-            std::copy(e.strides().crbegin(), e.strides().crend(), strides.begin());
-        }
-
-        template <class E, class S, class X, std::enable_if_t<!has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value>* = nullptr>
-        inline void compute_transposed_strides(E&&, const S& shape, X& strides)
-        {
-            // In the case where E does not have a data interface, the transposition
-            // makes use of a flat storage adaptor that has layout XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL
-            // which should be the one inverted.
-            layout_type l = transpose_layout(XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL);
-            compute_strides(shape, l, strides);
+            if constexpr (has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value)
+            {
+                std::copy(e.strides().crbegin(), e.strides().crend(), strides.begin());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // In the case where E does not have a data interface, the transposition
+                // makes use of a flat storage adaptor that has layout XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL
+                // which should be the one inverted.
+                layout_type l = transpose_layout(XTENSOR_DEFAULT_TRAVERSAL);
+                compute_strides(shape, l, strides);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -588,7 +590,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param check_policy select check_policy. With check_policy::full(), selecting an axis
      *        which is greater than one will throw a runtime_error.
      */
-    template <class E, class S, class Tag, std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<S>::value, int>>
+    template <class E, xtl::non_integral_concept S, class Tag>
     inline auto squeeze(E&& e, S&& axis, Tag check_policy)
     {
         return detail::squeeze_impl(std::forward<E>(e), std::forward<S>(axis), check_policy);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
index 598382855..94b7e23a7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -87,8 +87,9 @@ namespace xt
      * @param test_elements an array
      * @return a boolean array
      */
-    template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
+    template <class E, class F>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
+        requires(has_iterator_interface_concept<F>)
     {
         auto lambda = detail::lambda_isin<std::is_lvalue_reference<F>::value>::make(std::forward<F>(test_elements
         ));
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
      * @return a boolean array
      */
-    template <class E, class I, class = typename std::enable_if_t<is_iterator<I>::value>>
+    template <class E, iterator_concept I>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
         auto lambda = [&test_elements_begin, &test_elements_end](const auto& t)
@@ -143,8 +144,9 @@ namespace xt
      * @param test_elements an array
      * @return a boolean array
      */
-    template <class E, class F, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<F>::value>>
+    template <class E, class F>
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
+        requires(has_iterator_interface_concept<F>)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(test_elements.dimension() == 1ul);
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
      * @return a boolean array
      */
-    template <class E, class I, class = typename std::enable_if_t<is_iterator<I>::value>>
+    template <class E, iterator_concept I>
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
index 9261ac8c4..aa9ea4cfa 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
@@ -561,11 +561,7 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @return partially sorted xcontainer
      */
-    template <
-        class E,
-        class C,
-        class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>,
-        class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+    template <class E, xtl::non_integral_concept C, class R = detail::flatten_sort_result_type_t<E>>
     inline R partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, placeholders::xtuph /*ax*/)
     {
         const auto& de = e.derived_cast();
@@ -596,7 +592,7 @@ namespace xt
         return partition(e, std::array<std::size_t, 1>({kth}), tag);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+    template <class E, xtl::non_integral_concept C>
     inline auto partition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
@@ -658,9 +654,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <
         class E,
-        class C,
-        class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type>::type,
-        class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+        xtl::non_integral_concept C,
+        class R = typename detail::linear_argsort_result_type<typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type>::type>
     inline R argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, placeholders::xtuph)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
@@ -704,7 +699,7 @@ namespace xt
         return argpartition(e, std::array<std::size_t, 1>({kth}), tag);
     }
 
-    template <class E, class C, class = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<C>::value, int>>
+    template <class E, xtl::non_integral_concept C>
     inline auto argpartition(const xexpression<E>& e, C kth_container, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
     {
         using eval_type = typename detail::sort_eval_type<E>::type;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..163139812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_CONCEPTS_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_CONCEPTS_HPP
+
+#include <xtl/xcomplex.hpp>
+#include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
+
+namespace xtl
+{
+    template <typename T>
+    concept integral_concept = xtl::is_integral<T>::value;
+    template <typename T>
+    concept non_integral_concept = !xtl::is_integral<T>::value;
+    template <typename T>
+    concept complex_concept = xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<T>::type::value_type>::value;
+}
+
+#endif  // XTENSOR_CONCEPTS_HPP
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp
index b6cad1470..59816114b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xtensor_simd.hpp
@@ -269,6 +269,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    template <class E>
+    concept has_simd_interface_concept = has_simd_interface<E>::value;
+
     template <class T>
     struct has_simd_type : std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_same<T, xt_simd::simd_type<T>>::value>
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 91d402e7f..8f40b0c05 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -586,6 +586,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    template <class E>
+    concept has_data_interface_concept = has_data_interface<E>::value;
+
     template <class E, class = void>
     struct has_strides : std::false_type
     {
@@ -606,6 +609,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    template <class E>
+    concept has_iterator_interface_concept = has_iterator_interface<E>::value;
+
     /******************************
      * is_iterator implementation *
      ******************************/
@@ -624,6 +630,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    template <typename E>
+    concept iterator_concept = is_iterator<E>::value;
+
     /********************************************
      * xtrivial_default_construct implemenation *
      ********************************************/
@@ -793,6 +802,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    template <class E1, class E2>
+    constexpr bool has_assign_to_v = has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value;
+
     /*************************************
      * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
      *************************************/
@@ -807,6 +819,11 @@ namespace xt
     {
     };
 
+    template <typename T>
+    concept with_memory_address_concept = has_memory_address<std::decay_t<T>>::value;
+    template <typename T>
+    concept without_memory_address_concept = !has_memory_address<std::decay_t<T>>::value;
+
     struct memory_range
     {
         // Checking pointer overlap is more correct in integer values,
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
index 85515da22..be4c05e1a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
@@ -289,6 +289,11 @@ namespace xt
         };
     }
 
+    template <class E, class... S>
+    concept contiguous_view_concept = detail::is_contiguous_view<E, S...>::value;
+    template <class E, class... S>
+    concept strided_view_concept = detail::is_strided_view<std::decay_t<E>, S...>::value;
+
     template <class CT, class... S>
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xview<CT, S...>>
     {
@@ -493,95 +498,91 @@ namespace xt
         template <class ST>
         bool has_linear_assign(const ST& strides) const;
 
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
-
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
-
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
+        template <class ST>
+        stepper stepper_begin(const ST& shape);
+        template <class ST>
+        stepper stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l);
 
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
-        template <class ST, bool Enable = is_strided_view>
-        std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper> stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
+        template <class ST>
+        const_stepper stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const;
+        template <class ST>
+        const_stepper stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const;
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&> storage();
+        storage_type& storage()
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&> storage() const;
+        const storage_type& storage() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_begin();
+        linear_iterator linear_begin()
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator> linear_end();
+        linear_iterator linear_end()
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        linear_begin() const;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        linear_end() const;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_end() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        linear_cbegin() const;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
-        linear_cend() const;
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
-        linear_rbegin();
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin()
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
-        linear_rend();
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend()
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        linear_rbegin() const;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        linear_rend() const;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        linear_crbegin() const;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
-        linear_crend() const;
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
-        strides() const;
+        const inner_strides_type& strides() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
-        backstrides() const;
+        const inner_strides_type& backstrides() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer> data() const;
+        const_pointer data() const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer> data();
+        pointer data()
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
-        data_offset() const noexcept;
+        std::size_t data_offset() const noexcept
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class It>
         inline It data_xbegin_impl(It begin) const noexcept;
@@ -595,13 +596,13 @@ namespace xt
         inline const_container_iterator data_xend(layout_type l, size_type offset) const noexcept;
 
         // Conversion operator enabled for statically "scalar" views
-        template <class ST = self_type, class = std::enable_if_t<is_xscalar<std::decay_t<ST>>::value, int>>
+        template <xscalar_concept ST = self_type>
         operator reference()
         {
             return (*this)();
         }
 
-        template <class ST = self_type, class = std::enable_if_t<is_xscalar<std::decay_t<ST>>::value, int>>
+        template <xscalar_concept ST = self_type>
         operator const_reference() const
         {
             return (*this)();
@@ -613,11 +614,9 @@ namespace xt
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<const self_type&> operator&() const&;
         xtl::xclosure_pointer<self_type> operator&() &&;
 
-        template <
-            class E,
-            class T = xexpression_type,
-            class = std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_contiguous_view, int>>
-        void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const;
+        template <class E, class T = xexpression_type>
+        void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const
+            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and contiguous_view_concept<E, S...>);
 
         template <class E>
         using rebind_t = xview<E, S...>;
@@ -632,30 +631,33 @@ namespace xt
         template <class requested_type>
         using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;
 
-        template <class T, class R>
-        using enable_simd_interface = std::enable_if_t<has_simd_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, R>;
-
         template <class align, class simd, class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, void> store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
+        void store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
+            requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <
             class align,
             class requested_type = value_type,
             std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
             class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>> load_simd(size_type i) const;
+        simd_return_type<requested_type> load_simd(size_type i) const
+            requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, reference> data_element(size_type i);
+        reference data_element(size_type i)
+            requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, const_reference> data_element(size_type i) const;
+        const_reference data_element(size_type i) const
+            requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, reference> flat(size_type i);
+        reference flat(size_type i)
+            requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, const_reference> flat(size_type i) const;
+        const_reference flat(size_type i) const
+            requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
     private:
 
@@ -709,10 +711,7 @@ namespace xt
         const_reference access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const;
 
         template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-        std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type> index(Args... args) const;
-
-        template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-        std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type> index(Args... args) const;
+        size_type index(Args... args) const;
 
         template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type, class T>
         size_type sliced_access(const xslice<T>& slice) const;
@@ -1152,111 +1151,112 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() -> storage_type&
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>)
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const storage_type&>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const -> const storage_type&
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>)
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin() -> linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end() -> linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin() const -> const_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_cbegin();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end() const -> const_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_cend();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cbegin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cbegin() const -> const_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cend() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cend() const -> const_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin() -> reverse_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, reverse_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend() -> reverse_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_crbegin();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_crend();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crbegin() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crbegin() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crend() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_reverse_linear_iterator>
+    auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crend() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
@@ -1267,44 +1267,42 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
-    {
-        if (!m_strides_computed)
-        {
-            compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
-            m_strides_computed = true;
+        -> const inner_strides_type& requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>) {
+            if (!m_strides_computed)
+            {
+                compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
+                m_strides_computed = true;
+            }
+            return m_strides;
         }
-        return m_strides;
-    }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const inner_strides_type&>
-    {
-        if (!m_strides_computed)
-        {
-            compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
-            m_strides_computed = true;
+        -> const inner_strides_type& requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>) {
+            if (!m_strides_computed)
+            {
+                compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
+                m_strides_computed = true;
+            }
+            return m_backstrides;
         }
-        return m_backstrides;
-    }
 
     /**
      * Return the pointer to the underlying buffer.
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, const_pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const -> const_pointer
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data()
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, pointer>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() -> pointer
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -1335,8 +1333,8 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value && is_strided_view, std::size_t>
+    inline std::size_t xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1451,8 +1449,9 @@ namespace xt
 
     // Assign to operator enabled for contigous views
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class E, class T, class>
+    template <class E, class T>
     void xview<CT, S...>::assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const
+        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and contiguous_view_concept<E, S...>)
     {
         auto& de = e.derived_cast();
         de.resize(shape(), force_resize);
@@ -1475,36 +1474,40 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class align, class simd, class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e) -> enable_simd_interface<T, void>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e) -> void
+        requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.template store_simd<xt_simd::unaligned_mode>(data_offset() + i, e);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const
-        -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::load_simd(size_type i) const -> simd_return_type<requested_type>
+        requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.template load_simd<xt_simd::unaligned_mode, requested_type>(data_offset() + i);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_element(size_type i) -> enable_simd_interface<T, reference>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_element(size_type i) -> reference
+        requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.data_element(data_offset() + i);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_element(size_type i) const -> enable_simd_interface<T, const_reference>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data_element(size_type i) const -> const_reference
+        requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.data_element(data_offset() + i);
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::flat(size_type i) -> enable_simd_interface<T, reference>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
+        requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(is_contiguous());
         return m_e.flat(data_offset() + i);
@@ -1512,7 +1515,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::flat(size_type i) const -> enable_simd_interface<T, const_reference>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
+        requires(has_simd_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(is_contiguous());
         return m_e.flat(data_offset() + i);
@@ -1636,21 +1640,19 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const -> size_type
     {
-        return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(
-            std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices),
-            args...
-        );
-    }
-
-    template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::index(Args... args) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!lesser_condition<I>::value, size_type>
-    {
-        return argument<I - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>()>(args...);
+        if constexpr (lesser_condition<I>::value)
+        {
+            return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(
+                std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices),
+                args...
+            );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return argument<I - integral_count<S...>() + newaxis_count<S...>()>(args...);
+        }
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
@@ -1929,75 +1931,65 @@ namespace xt
      ***************/
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, m_e.stepper_begin(m_e.shape()), offset);
-    }
-
-    template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, stepper>
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, m_e.stepper_end(m_e.shape(), l), offset, true, l);
-    }
-
-    template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
-        return const_stepper(this, e.stepper_begin(m_e.shape()), offset);
-    }
-
-    template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<!Enable, const_stepper>
-    {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
-        return const_stepper(this, e.stepper_end(m_e.shape(), l), offset, true, l);
-    }
-
-    template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
+    template <class ST>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) -> stepper
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
+        const size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        if constexpr (is_strided_view)
+        {
+            return stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return stepper(this, m_e.stepper_begin(m_e.shape()), offset);
+        }
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, stepper>
+    template <class ST>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) -> stepper
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
+        const size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        if constexpr (is_strided_view)
+        {
+            return stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return stepper(this, m_e.stepper_end(m_e.shape(), l), offset, true, l);
+        }
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    template <class ST>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_begin(const ST& shape) const -> const_stepper
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
+        const size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        if constexpr (is_strided_view)
+        {
+            return const_stepper(this, data_xbegin(), offset);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
+            return const_stepper(this, e.stepper_begin(m_e.shape()), offset);
+        }
     }
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
-    template <class ST, bool Enable>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const
-        -> std::enable_if_t<Enable, const_stepper>
+    template <class ST>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::stepper_end(const ST& shape, layout_type l) const -> const_stepper
     {
-        size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
-        return const_stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
+        const size_type offset = shape.size() - this->dimension();
+        if constexpr (is_strided_view)
+        {
+            return const_stepper(this, data_xend(l, offset), offset);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const xexpression_type& e = m_e;
+            return const_stepper(this, e.stepper_end(m_e.shape(), l), offset, true, l);
+        }
     }
 
     /********************************

From 2be98b4b32caca43e7f376bac6dab3d6e538f26d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sbstndb/sbstndbs <30315405+sbstndb@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2025 10:08:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 553/606] fix: update benchmarks (#2848)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

	-	Update include paths for the benchmarks
- Comment one benchmark that do not longer compiles. Do not forget to
repair it in the future.
---
 benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp            | 10 ++---
 benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp             |  6 +--
 benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp            |  6 +--
 benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp          |  4 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp           |  8 ++--
 benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp  |  4 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp | 10 ++---
 benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp               |  6 +--
 benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp             |  8 ++--
 benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp            |  4 +-
 benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp        | 16 ++++----
 benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp         | 12 +++---
 benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp    | 47 +++++++++++-----------
 benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp              | 14 +++----
 benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp             |  4 +-
 benchmark/main.cpp                         |  4 +-
 16 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)

diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
index c1f6f19c5..3a76dcb7e 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_adapter.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-// #include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
+// #include "xtensor/core/core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
index 9f44a7458..b9efb341e 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_assign.cpp
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
index 1b49d0d59..e25de39cb 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_builder.cpp
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp
index 2b85e279a..af51d1d19 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_container.cpp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
index 0e4b0a18e..4410d2325 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_creation.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp
index cc0256fd9..1557692e2 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_increment_stepper.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 
 #define SHAPE 30, 30
 #define RANGE 3, 100
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
index 3d9ff8cf3..6c6c40a49 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_lambda_expressions.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmath.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
index 20fd0c726..c365551ea 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_math.cpp
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
 
 // For how many sizes should math functions be tested?
 #define MATH_RANGE 64, 64
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
index 82e87104a..e5279988d 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_random.cpp
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp
index fe36a850f..c4304782f 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_reducer.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xreducer.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
index 7fdb4d0a8..78569955e 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_access.cpp
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-// #include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xbuilder.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xutils.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+// #include "xtensor/core/core/xshape.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp
index e5059f7b3..2523cb725 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_adapt.cpp
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xadapt.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xadapt.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
index 2bfd5f5cf..4914d161f 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xfixed.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xrandom.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -61,23 +61,24 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
-    inline void assign_create_strided_view(benchmark::State& state)
-    {
-        xt::xtensor<double, 4> tens = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 100, 3, 3});
-        for (auto _ : state)
-        {
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tens.shape()[0]; ++i)
-            {
-                for (std::size_t j = 0; j < tens.shape()[1]; ++j)
-                {
-                    auto v = xt::strided_view(tens, {i, j, all(), all()});
-                    xt::xtensor<double, 2> vas = v;
-                    benchmark::ClobberMemory();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
+    /**
+     *     inline void assign_create_strided_view(benchmark::State& state)
+     *     {
+     *         xt::xtensor<double, 4> tens = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 100, 3, 3});
+     *         for (auto _ : state)
+     *         {
+     *             for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tens.shape()[0]; ++i)
+     *             {
+     *                 for (std::size_t j = 0; j < tens.shape()[1]; ++j)
+     *                 {
+     *                     auto v = xt::strided_view(tens, {i, j, all(), all()});
+     *                     xt::xtensor<double, 2> vas = v;
+     *                     benchmark::ClobberMemory();
+     *                 }
+     *             }
+     *         }
+     *     }
+     */
     inline void assign_create_manual_view(benchmark::State& state)
     {
         xt::xtensor<double, 4> tens = xt::random::rand<double>({100, 100, 3, 3});
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ namespace xt
     BENCHMARK(create_strided_view_outofplace);
     BENCHMARK(create_strided_view_inplace);
     BENCHMARK(assign_create_manual_noview);
-    BENCHMARK(assign_create_strided_view);
+    //    BENCHMARK(assign_create_strided_view);
     BENCHMARK(assign_create_view);
     BENCHMARK(assign_create_manual_view);
     BENCHMARK(data_offset);
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
index db233ec05..f2c34d510 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_views.cpp
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xmanipulation.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xnoalias.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrided_view.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstrides.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xview.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
index 9b6a8e6dd..6656b912f 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_xshape.cpp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xshape.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xshape.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
diff --git a/benchmark/main.cpp b/benchmark/main.cpp
index 6444c0efb..39491c225 100644
--- a/benchmark/main.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/main.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-#include "xtensor/xarray.hpp"
-#include "xtensor/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 
 #ifdef XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD
 #ifdef __GNUC__

From 977aa1be3f801dd0f710ab54a5ce0ca17f6318dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2025 05:14:21 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 554/606] Revive benchmarks (#2854)

Revive benchmarks
---
 .github/workflows/benchmarks.yml        |  73 +++++++++++
 CMakeLists.txt                          |   2 +-
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt                |  45 +++----
 benchmark/benchmark_stl.cpp             | 157 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp |   2 +-
 benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in       |   2 +-
 benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in   |   5 +-
 7 files changed, 253 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/benchmarks.yml
 create mode 100644 benchmark/benchmark_stl.cpp

diff --git a/.github/workflows/benchmarks.yml b/.github/workflows/benchmarks.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ec6f8f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/benchmarks.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+name: benchmarks
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash -e -l {0}
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    name: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        sys:
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '20', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '20', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '14', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
+        - {compiler: gcc, version: '14', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Install GCC
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc'
+      uses: egor-tensin/setup-gcc@v1
+      with:
+        version: ${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        platform: x64
+
+    - name: Install LLVM and Clang
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang'
+      run: |
+        wget https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
+        chmod +x llvm.sh
+        sudo ./llvm.sh ${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo apt-get install -y clang-tools-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++                 clang++                     /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang                       clang                         /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps   clang-scan-deps     /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang-scan-deps /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+        create-args: |
+          ${{ (matrix.sys.name == 'tbb' || matrix.sys.name == 'xsimd-tbb' ) && 'tbb-devel' || '' }}
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      run: |
+        if [[ "${{matrix.sys.compiler}}" = "gcc" ]]; then export CC=gcc-${{matrix.sys.version}}; export CXX=g++-${{matrix.sys.version}}; else export CC=clang; export CXX=clang++; fi
+        cmake -G Ninja -Bbuild -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$CC -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$CXX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON ${{ matrix.sys.flags }}
+
+    - name: Build
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --target benchmark_xtensor --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run benchmark
+      timeout-minutes: 10 # Consider increasing timeout
+      working-directory: build/benchmark
+      run: ./benchmark_xtensor
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index f2a9fdf12..7c03dbb2e 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.29)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
 project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index c5fa3c407..9928eb155 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
+include(FetchContent)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-benchmark)
@@ -30,11 +31,11 @@ if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU"
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -O3 -g -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder")
 
     if(NOT "${CMAKE_CXX_SIMULATE_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
-        CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++14" HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
-        if (HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
-            set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++14")
+        CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++20" HAS_CPP20_FLAG)
+        if (HAS_CPP20_FLAG)
+            set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++20")
         else()
-            message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported compiler -- xtensor requires C++14 support!")
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported compiler -- xtensor requires C++17 support!")
         endif()
     endif()
 
@@ -74,31 +75,17 @@ endif()
 
 
 if(DOWNLOAD_GBENCHMARK OR GBENCHMARK_SRC_DIR)
-    if(DOWNLOAD_GBENCHMARK)
-        # Download and unpack googlebenchmark at configure time
-        configure_file(downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in googlebenchmark-download/CMakeLists.txt)
-    else()
-        # Copy local source of googlebenchmark at configure time
-        configure_file(copyGBenchmark.cmake.in googlebenchmark-download/CMakeLists.txt)
-    endif()
-    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" .
-                    RESULT_VARIABLE result
-                    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googlebenchmark-download )
-    if(result)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake step for googlebenchmark failed: ${result}")
-    endif()
-    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
-                    RESULT_VARIABLE result
-                    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googlebenchmark-download )
-    if(result)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "Build step for googlebenchmark failed: ${result}")
-    endif()
+    FetchContent_Declare(googletest
+            GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
+            GIT_TAG main)
 
-    # Add googlebenchmark directly to our build. This defines
-    # the gtest and gtest_main targets.
-    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googlebenchmark-src
-                     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googlebenchmark-build)
+    FetchContent_Declare(googlebenchmark
+            GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
+            GIT_TAG main) # need main for benchmark::benchmark
 
+    FetchContent_MakeAvailable(
+            googletest
+            googlebenchmark)
     set(GBENCHMARK_INCLUDE_DIRS "${googlebenchmark_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
     set(GBENCHMARK_LIBRARIES benchmark)
 else()
@@ -129,9 +116,11 @@ set(XTENSOR_BENCHMARK
     benchmark_view_access.cpp
     benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
     benchmark_view_adapt.cpp
+    benchmark_stl.cpp
     main.cpp
 )
 
+
 set(XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET benchmark_xtensor)
 add_executable(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK} ${XTENSOR_HEADERS})
 target_link_libraries(${XTENSOR_BENCHMARK_TARGET} PUBLIC xtensor ${GBENCHMARK_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_stl.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_stl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ae160712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_stl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+    namespace
+    {
+        constexpr std::array<size_t, 2> cContainerAssignShape{2000, 2000};
+
+        template <class Shape>
+        auto generateRandomInt16From0To100(Shape&& x)
+        {
+            return xt::random::randint(x, 0, 100);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_DivideBy2_StdTransform(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            std::transform(
+                vInput.begin(),
+                vInput.end(),
+                vOutput.begin(),
+                [](auto&& aInputValue)
+                {
+                    return aInputValue / 2;
+                }
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_DivideBy2_Xtensor(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            vOutput = vInput / 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_DivideBy2Double_StdTransform(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            std::transform(
+                vInput.begin(),
+                vInput.end(),
+                vOutput.begin(),
+                [](auto&& aInputValue)
+                {
+                    return aInputValue / 2.0;
+                }
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_DivideBy2Double_Xtensor(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            vOutput = vInput / 2.0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_MultiplyBy2_StdTransform(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            std::transform(
+                vInput.begin(),
+                vInput.end(),
+                vOutput.begin(),
+                [](auto&& aInputValue)
+                {
+                    return aInputValue * 2;
+                }
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_MultiplyBy2_Xtensor(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            vOutput = vInput * 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_Maximum_StdTransform(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput1 = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput2 = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            auto vInput2It = vInput2.begin();
+            std::transform(
+                vInput1.begin(),
+                vInput1.end(),
+                vOutput.begin(),
+                [&vInput2It](auto&& aInput1Value)
+                {
+                    return std::max(aInput1Value, *vInput2It++);
+                }
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_Maximum_Xtensor(benchmark::State& aState)
+    {
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput1 = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2> vInput2 = generateRandomInt16From0To100(cContainerAssignShape);
+        auto vOutput = xt::xtensor<uint16_t, 2>::from_shape(cContainerAssignShape);
+
+        for (auto _ : aState)
+        {
+            vOutput = xt::maximum(vInput1, vInput2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    BENCHMARK(Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_Maximum_Xtensor);
+    BENCHMARK(Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_Maximum_StdTransform);
+    BENCHMARK(Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_MultiplyBy2_Xtensor);
+    BENCHMARK(Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_MultiplyBy2_StdTransform);
+    BENCHMARK(Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_DivideBy2Double_Xtensor);
+    BENCHMARK(Xtensor_Uint16_2000x2000_DivideBy2Double_StdTransform);
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
index 4914d161f..3d5ae314b 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark_view_assignment.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,6 @@ namespace xt
     //    BENCHMARK(assign_create_strided_view);
     BENCHMARK(assign_create_view);
     BENCHMARK(assign_create_manual_view);
-    BENCHMARK(data_offset);
+    // BENCHMARK(data_offset);
     BENCHMARK(data_offset_view);
 }
diff --git a/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in b/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in
index 753108438..e11eaed96 100644
--- a/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in
+++ b/benchmark/copyGBenchmark.cmake.in
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.2)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 project(googlebenchmark-download NONE)
 
diff --git a/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in b/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in
index eb8b2d029..7af348b1e 100644
--- a/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in
+++ b/benchmark/downloadGBenchmark.cmake.in
@@ -6,18 +6,19 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.2)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 project(googlebenchmark-download NONE)
 
 include(ExternalProject)
 ExternalProject_Add(googlebenchmark
     GIT_REPOSITORY    https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
-    GIT_TAG           v1.3.0
+    GIT_TAG           v1.9.4
     SOURCE_DIR        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googlebenchmark-src"
     BINARY_DIR        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/googlebenchmark-build"
     CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
     BUILD_COMMAND     ""
+    CMAKE_ARGS        "BENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES=TRUE"
     INSTALL_COMMAND   ""
     TEST_COMMAND      ""
 )

From 5598564ae6785bd9fffe22664f2e650ce3a991c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ThisIsFineTM <184989147+ThisIsFineTM@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2025 08:35:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 555/606] Set cmake min version to represent used features.
 (#2852)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description
The cmake minimum required version was set to 3.29, which is newer than
what a lot of linux distros ship with, and was unnecessarily high for
the cmake features that were being used. This PR drops the min version
to 3.15 to reflect used features and improve out-of-the-box
compatibility.

Closes #2847.

Co-authored-by: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
---
 CMakeLists.txt      | 2 +-
 test/CMakeLists.txt | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 7c03dbb2e..1ff7f85f3 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15..3.29)
 project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 884de312b..8341230ee 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. #
 ############################################################################
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.29)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15..3.29)
 
 if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     project(xtensor-test CXX)

From b17cb86aacfb19f411d70f7dac79082142160d5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Anutosh Bhat <andersonbhat491@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Jul 2025 15:25:15 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 556/606] Enabling rich display for xeus-cpp-lite (#2853)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->

While trying xcpp::display with xeus-cpp-lite, I see this


![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d5a7f062-a571-413c-93f9-0b2c5e78c2f4)
---
 include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
index ca9d694a4..345edc4d4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
@@ -827,6 +827,6 @@ namespace xt
 
 // Backward compatibility: include xmime.hpp in xio.hpp by default.
 
-#ifdef __CLING__
+#if defined(__CLING__) || defined(__CLANG_REPL__)
 #include "xmime.hpp"
 #endif

From abce45a50b8887cd4ca797f5801423eaa8b27753 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wolfgang Bangerth <bangerth@colostate.edu>
Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2025 03:01:09 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 557/606] Add braces around initializers. (#2855)

GCC 13.3 requires an additional layer of braces around
brace-initializers for certain types. We've seen this in other projects
before, and the addition of the additional layer of braces has always
been fine with all other compilers.
---
 include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp | 2 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp       | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index f0af92892..f100744ac 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E, class Tag = check_policy::none>
     inline auto squeeze(E&& e, std::size_t axis, Tag check_policy = Tag())
     {
-        return squeeze(std::forward<E>(e), std::array<std::size_t, 1>{axis}, check_policy);
+        return squeeze(std::forward<E>(e), std::array<std::size_t, 1>{{axis}}, check_policy);
     }
 
     /// @endcond
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index 4faa17cca..054b8a8af 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xtuph _{};
-        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR rangemaker<> _r = rangemaker<>({0, 0, 0});
+        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR rangemaker<> _r = rangemaker<>({{0, 0, 0}});
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xall_tag _a{};
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xnewaxis_tag _n{};
         XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xellipsis_tag _e{};

From e66295e8d6600f539685354536131ecf84826d61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexandre Hoffmann <alexandre.hoffmann.etu@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2025 11:03:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 558/606] Adding concept to a part of the code (part 2) (#2846)

# Checklist

- [ X] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ X] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ X] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

This PR C++20's concept and C++17's if constexpr to a moderatly large
chunk of xtensor.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexandre Hoffmann <alexandre.hoffmann@polytechnique.edu>
---
 include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp         |   5 +
 include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp      |  23 +-
 .../xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp    |  25 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp          |  14 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp        |  21 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp              | 346 +++++++-----------
 include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp       |  59 ++-
 include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp  |  22 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp               |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp         |  17 +-
 10 files changed, 227 insertions(+), 311 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp
index 163139812..22ef7b212 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xtl_concepts.hpp
@@ -17,10 +17,15 @@ namespace xtl
 {
     template <typename T>
     concept integral_concept = xtl::is_integral<T>::value;
+
     template <typename T>
     concept non_integral_concept = !xtl::is_integral<T>::value;
+
     template <typename T>
     concept complex_concept = xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<T>::type::value_type>::value;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    concept pointer_concept = std::is_pointer<T>::value;
 }
 
 #endif  // XTENSOR_CONCEPTS_HPP
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
index 62489b08f..41da6822f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
@@ -68,10 +68,7 @@ namespace xt
         value_type m_sv;
 
         template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
-
-        template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
+        T get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
     };
 
     template <class CT>
@@ -125,16 +122,16 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT>
     template <class T, class CTA>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> xaxis_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
+    inline T xaxis_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
     {
-        return &e;
-    }
-
-    template <class CT>
-    template <class T, class CTA>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> xaxis_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
-    {
-        return e;
+        if constexpr (xtl::pointer_concept<T>)
+        {
+            return &e;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return e;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
index 108955595..6ee904df9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_slice_iterator.hpp
@@ -69,10 +69,7 @@ namespace xt
         value_type m_sv;
 
         template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
-
-        template <class T, class CTA>
-        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T> get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
+        T get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const;
     };
 
     template <class CT>
@@ -99,18 +96,16 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT>
     template <class T, class CTA>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-    xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
-    {
-        return &e;
-    }
-
-    template <class CT>
-    template <class T, class CTA>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, T>
-    xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
+    T xaxis_slice_iterator<CT>::get_storage_init(CTA&& e) const
     {
-        return e;
+        if constexpr (xtl::pointer_concept<T>)
+        {
+            return &e;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return e;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
index 412c81fce..1626faaa3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class X>
     class xbroadcast;
 
+    template <class E>
+    concept xbroadcast_concept = is_specialization_of<xbroadcast, E>::value;
+
     template <class CT, class X>
     struct xiterable_inner_types<xbroadcast<CT, X>>
     {
@@ -122,10 +125,9 @@ namespace xt
      * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
      *************************************/
 
-    template <class E>
-    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
-        E,
-        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xbroadcast, E>::value>>
+    template <xbroadcast_concept E>
+        requires(without_memory_address_concept<E>)
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E>
     {
         static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
         {
@@ -223,7 +225,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class S>
         const_stepper stepper_end(const S& shape, layout_type l) const noexcept;
 
-        template <class E, class XCT = CT, class = std::enable_if_t<xt::is_xscalar<XCT>::value>>
+        template <class E, xscalar_concept XCT = CT>
         void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const;
 
         template <class E>
@@ -463,7 +465,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class X>
-    template <class E, class XCT, class>
+    template <class E, xscalar_concept XCT>
     inline void xbroadcast<CT, X>::assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const
     {
         auto& ed = e.derived_cast();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp
index db94e4061..6c8792aa1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xoffset_view.hpp
@@ -38,16 +38,9 @@ namespace xt
                 return xtl::forward_offset<M, I>(std::forward<T>(t));
             }
 
-            template <
-                class align,
-                class requested_type,
-                std::size_t N,
-                class E,
-                class MF = M,
-                class = std::enable_if_t<
-                    (std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF),
-                    int>>
+            template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, class E, class MF = M>
             auto proxy_simd_load(const E& expr, std::size_t n) const
+                requires((std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF))
             {
                 // TODO refactor using shuffle only
                 auto batch = expr.template load_simd<align, requested_type, N>(n);
@@ -61,15 +54,9 @@ namespace xt
                 }
             }
 
-            template <
-                class align,
-                class simd,
-                class E,
-                class MF = M,
-                class = std::enable_if_t<
-                    (std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF),
-                    int>>
+            template <class align, class simd, class E, class MF = M>
             auto proxy_simd_store(E& expr, std::size_t n, const simd& batch) const
+                requires((std::is_same<MF, double>::value || std::is_same<MF, float>::value) && I <= sizeof(MF))
             {
                 auto x = expr.template load_simd<align, double, simd::size>(n);
                 if (I == 0)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index 054b8a8af..a7a4dae6e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     using is_xslice = std::is_base_of<xslice<S>, S>;
 
-    template <class E, class R = void>
-    using disable_xslice = typename std::enable_if<!is_xslice<E>::value, R>::type;
-
     template <class... E>
     using has_xslice = std::disjunction<is_xslice<E>...>;
 
@@ -112,12 +109,12 @@ namespace xt
         xrange() = default;
         xrange(size_type start_val, size_type stop_val) noexcept;
 
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         operator xrange<S>() const noexcept;
 
         // Same as implicit conversion operator but more convenient to call
         // from a variant visitor
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         xrange<S> convert() const noexcept;
 
         size_type operator()(size_type i) const noexcept;
@@ -156,12 +153,12 @@ namespace xt
         xstepped_range() = default;
         xstepped_range(size_type start_val, size_type stop_val, size_type step) noexcept;
 
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         operator xstepped_range<S>() const noexcept;
 
         // Same as implicit conversion operator but more convenient to call
         // from a variant visitor
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         xstepped_range<S> convert() const noexcept;
 
         size_type operator()(size_type i) const noexcept;
@@ -201,12 +198,12 @@ namespace xt
         xall() = default;
         explicit xall(size_type size) noexcept;
 
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         operator xall<S>() const noexcept;
 
         // Same as implicit conversion operator but more convenient to call
         // from a variant visitor
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         xall<S> convert() const noexcept;
 
         size_type operator()(size_type i) const noexcept;
@@ -271,12 +268,12 @@ namespace xt
 
         xnewaxis() = default;
 
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         operator xnewaxis<S>() const noexcept;
 
         // Same as implicit conversion operator but more convenient to call
         // from a variant visitor
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         xnewaxis<S> convert() const noexcept;
 
         size_type operator()(size_type i) const noexcept;
@@ -320,12 +317,6 @@ namespace xt
         struct is_xkeep_slice<xkeep_slice<T>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
-
-        template <class T>
-        using disable_xkeep_slice_t = std::enable_if_t<!is_xkeep_slice<std::decay_t<T>>::value, void>;
-
-        template <class T>
-        using enable_xkeep_slice_t = std::enable_if_t<is_xkeep_slice<std::decay_t<T>>::value, void>;
     }
 
     template <class T>
@@ -337,19 +328,20 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename container_type::value_type;
         using self_type = xkeep_slice<T>;
 
-        template <class C, typename = detail::disable_xkeep_slice_t<C>>
-        explicit xkeep_slice(C& cont);
+        template <class C>
+        explicit xkeep_slice(C& cont)
+            requires(!detail::is_xkeep_slice<std::decay_t<C>>::value);
         explicit xkeep_slice(container_type&& cont);
 
         template <class S>
         xkeep_slice(std::initializer_list<S> t);
 
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         operator xkeep_slice<S>() const noexcept;
 
         // Same as implicit conversion operator but more convenient to call
         // from a variant visitor
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         xkeep_slice<S> convert() const noexcept;
 
         size_type operator()(size_type i) const noexcept;
@@ -376,17 +368,6 @@ namespace xt
         friend class xkeep_slice;
     };
 
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class T>
-        using disable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<
-            !xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
-            xkeep_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>>;
-
-        template <class T, class R>
-        using enable_integral_keep = std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xkeep_slice<R>>;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Create a non-contigous slice from a container of indices to keep.
      * Note: this slice cannot be used in the xstrided_view!
@@ -401,19 +382,20 @@ namespace xt
      * @param indices The indices container
      * @return instance of xkeep_slice
      */
-    template <class T>
-    inline detail::disable_integral_keep<T> keep(T&& indices)
-    {
-        return xkeep_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>(std::forward<T>(indices));
-    }
-
     template <class R = std::ptrdiff_t, class T>
-    inline detail::enable_integral_keep<T, R> keep(T i)
+    inline auto keep(T&& indices)
     {
-        using slice_type = xkeep_slice<R>;
-        using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
-        container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(i)};
-        return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
+        if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value)
+        {
+            using slice_type = xkeep_slice<R>;
+            using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
+            container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(std::forward<T>(indices))};
+            return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return xkeep_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>(std::forward<T>(indices));
+        }
     }
 
     template <class R = std::ptrdiff_t, class Arg0, class Arg1, class... Args>
@@ -443,12 +425,6 @@ namespace xt
         struct is_xdrop_slice<xdrop_slice<T>> : std::true_type
         {
         };
-
-        template <class T>
-        using disable_xdrop_slice_t = std::enable_if_t<!is_xdrop_slice<std::decay_t<T>>::value, void>;
-
-        template <class T>
-        using enable_xdrop_slice_t = std::enable_if_t<is_xdrop_slice<std::decay_t<T>>::value, void>;
     }
 
     template <class T>
@@ -460,19 +436,20 @@ namespace xt
         using size_type = typename container_type::value_type;
         using self_type = xdrop_slice<T>;
 
-        template <class C, typename = detail::disable_xdrop_slice_t<C>>
-        explicit xdrop_slice(C& cont);
+        template <class C>
+        explicit xdrop_slice(C& cont)
+            requires(!detail::is_xdrop_slice<std::decay_t<C>>::value);
         explicit xdrop_slice(container_type&& cont);
 
         template <class S>
         xdrop_slice(std::initializer_list<S> t);
 
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         operator xdrop_slice<S>() const noexcept;
 
         // Same as implicit conversion operator but more convenient to call
         // from a variant visitor
-        template <class S, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<S, T>::value, void>>
+        template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
         xdrop_slice<S> convert() const noexcept;
 
         size_type operator()(size_type i) const noexcept;
@@ -501,17 +478,6 @@ namespace xt
         friend class xdrop_slice;
     };
 
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <class T>
-        using disable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<
-            !xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value,
-            xdrop_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>>;
-
-        template <class T, class R>
-        using enable_integral_drop = std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, xdrop_slice<R>>;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Create a non-contigous slice from a container of indices to drop.
      * Note: this slice cannot be used in the xstrided_view!
@@ -525,19 +491,20 @@ namespace xt
      * @param indices The container of indices to drop
      * @return instance of xdrop_slice
      */
-    template <class T>
-    inline detail::disable_integral_drop<T> drop(T&& indices)
-    {
-        return xdrop_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>(std::forward<T>(indices));
-    }
-
     template <class R = std::ptrdiff_t, class T>
-    inline detail::enable_integral_drop<T, R> drop(T i)
+    inline auto drop(T&& indices)
     {
-        using slice_type = xdrop_slice<R>;
-        using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
-        container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(i)};
-        return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
+        if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<T>::value)
+        {
+            using slice_type = xdrop_slice<R>;
+            using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
+            container_type tmp = {static_cast<R>(std::forward<T>(indices))};
+            return slice_type(std::move(tmp));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return xdrop_slice<typename std::decay_t<T>::value_type>(std::forward<T>(indices));
+        }
     }
 
     template <class R = std::ptrdiff_t, class Arg0, class Arg1, class... Args>
@@ -564,78 +531,48 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
-        {
-            return get_stepped_range(m_start, m_stop, m_step, size);
-        }
-
-        template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
-        {
-            return get_stepped_range(m_step > 0 ? 0 : static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) - 1, m_stop, m_step, size);
-        }
-
-        template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
-        {
-            auto sz = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size);
-            return get_stepped_range(m_start, m_step > 0 ? sz : -(sz + 1), m_step, size);
-        }
-
-        template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
-        {
-            return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(normalize(m_start, size), normalize(m_stop, size));
-        }
-
-        template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
-        {
-            std::ptrdiff_t start = m_step >= 0 ? 0 : static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) - 1;
-            std::ptrdiff_t stop = m_step >= 0 ? static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) : -1;
-            return xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>(start, stop, m_step);
-        }
-
-        template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
-        {
-            return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(normalize(m_start, size), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size));
-        }
-
-        template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
-        {
-            return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(0, normalize(m_stop, size));
-        }
-
-        template <class MI = A, class MA = B, class STEP = C>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<
-            !xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value,
-            xall<std::ptrdiff_t>>
-        get(std::size_t size) const
+        auto get(std::size_t size) const
         {
-            return xall<std::ptrdiff_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size));
+            if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                return get_stepped_range(m_start, m_stop, m_step, size);
+            }
+            else if constexpr (!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                return get_stepped_range(
+                    m_step > 0 ? 0 : static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) - 1,
+                    m_stop,
+                    m_step,
+                    size
+                );
+            }
+            else if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                auto sz = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size);
+                return get_stepped_range(m_start, m_step > 0 ? sz : -(sz + 1), m_step, size);
+            }
+            else if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(normalize(m_start, size), normalize(m_stop, size));
+            }
+            else if constexpr (!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                std::ptrdiff_t start = m_step >= 0 ? 0 : static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) - 1;
+                std::ptrdiff_t stop = m_step >= 0 ? static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size) : -1;
+                return xstepped_range<std::ptrdiff_t>(start, stop, m_step);
+            }
+            else if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(normalize(m_start, size), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size));
+            }
+            else if constexpr (!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                return xrange<std::ptrdiff_t>(0, normalize(m_stop, size));
+            }
+            else if constexpr (!xtl::is_integral<MI>::value && !xtl::is_integral<MA>::value && !xtl::is_integral<STEP>::value)
+            {
+                return xall<std::ptrdiff_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size));
+            }
         }
 
         A start() const
@@ -774,25 +711,14 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <class T, class E = void>
-        struct cast_if_integer
-        {
-            using type = T;
-
-            type operator()(T t)
-            {
-                return t;
-            }
-        };
-
         template <class T>
-        struct cast_if_integer<T, std::enable_if_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value>>
+        struct cast_if_integer
         {
-            using type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+            using type = std::conditional_t<xtl::is_integral<T>::value, std::ptrdiff_t, T>;
 
             type operator()(T t)
             {
-                return static_cast<type>(t);
+                return (xtl::is_integral<T>::value) ? static_cast<type>(t) : t;
             }
         };
 
@@ -850,15 +776,16 @@ namespace xt
      ******************************************************/
 
     template <class S>
-    inline disable_xslice<S, std::size_t> get_size(const S&) noexcept
-    {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    template <class S>
-    inline auto get_size(const xslice<S>& slice) noexcept
+    inline std::size_t get_size(const S& slice) noexcept
     {
-        return slice.derived_cast().size();
+        if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
+        {
+            return slice.size();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
     }
 
     /*******************************************************
@@ -866,27 +793,29 @@ namespace xt
      *******************************************************/
 
     template <class S>
-    inline disable_xslice<S, std::size_t> step_size(const S&, std::size_t) noexcept
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    template <class S>
-    inline disable_xslice<S, std::size_t> step_size(const S&, std::size_t, std::size_t) noexcept
+    inline std::size_t step_size(const S& slice, std::size_t idx) noexcept
     {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    template <class S>
-    inline auto step_size(const xslice<S>& slice, std::size_t idx) noexcept
-    {
-        return slice.derived_cast().step_size(idx);
+        if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
+        {
+            return slice.step_size(idx);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
     template <class S>
-    inline auto step_size(const xslice<S>& slice, std::size_t idx, std::size_t n) noexcept
+    inline std::size_t step_size(const S& slice, std::size_t idx, std::size_t n) noexcept
     {
-        return slice.derived_cast().step_size(idx, n);
+        if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
+        {
+            return slice.step_size(idx, n);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
     /*********************************************
@@ -894,16 +823,17 @@ namespace xt
      *********************************************/
 
     template <class S, class I>
-    inline disable_xslice<S, std::size_t> value(const S& s, I) noexcept
+    inline std::size_t value(const S& slice, I i) noexcept
     {
-        return static_cast<std::size_t>(s);
-    }
-
-    template <class S, class I>
-    inline auto value(const xslice<S>& slice, I i) noexcept
-    {
-        using ST = typename S::size_type;
-        return slice.derived_cast()(static_cast<ST>(i));
+        if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
+        {
+            using ST = typename S::size_type;
+            return slice(static_cast<ST>(i));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(slice);
+        }
     }
 
     /****************************************
@@ -1064,7 +994,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xrange<T>::operator xrange<S>() const noexcept
     {
         xrange<S> ret;
@@ -1074,7 +1004,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xrange<S> xrange<T>::convert() const noexcept
     {
         return xrange<S>(*this);
@@ -1143,7 +1073,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xstepped_range<T>::operator xstepped_range<S>() const noexcept
     {
         xstepped_range<S> ret;
@@ -1154,7 +1084,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xstepped_range<S> xstepped_range<T>::convert() const noexcept
     {
         return xstepped_range<S>(*this);
@@ -1219,14 +1149,14 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xall<T>::operator xall<S>() const noexcept
     {
         return xall<S>(static_cast<S>(m_size));
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xall<S> xall<T>::convert() const noexcept
     {
         return xall<S>(*this);
@@ -1285,14 +1215,14 @@ namespace xt
      ***************************/
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xnewaxis<T>::operator xnewaxis<S>() const noexcept
     {
         return xnewaxis<S>();
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xnewaxis<S> xnewaxis<T>::convert() const noexcept
     {
         return xnewaxis<S>(*this);
@@ -1351,8 +1281,9 @@ namespace xt
      ******************************/
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class C, typename>
+    template <class C>
     inline xkeep_slice<T>::xkeep_slice(C& cont)
+        requires(!detail::is_xkeep_slice<std::decay_t<C>>::value)
         : m_raw_indices(cont.begin(), cont.end())
     {
     }
@@ -1380,7 +1311,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xkeep_slice<T>::operator xkeep_slice<S>() const noexcept
     {
         xkeep_slice<S> ret;
@@ -1410,7 +1341,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xkeep_slice<S> xkeep_slice<T>::convert() const noexcept
     {
         return xkeep_slice<S>(*this);
@@ -1494,8 +1425,9 @@ namespace xt
      ******************************/
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class C, typename>
+    template <class C>
     inline xdrop_slice<T>::xdrop_slice(C& cont)
+        requires(!detail::is_xdrop_slice<std::decay_t<C>>::value)
         : m_raw_indices(cont.begin(), cont.end())
     {
     }
@@ -1523,7 +1455,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xdrop_slice<T>::operator xdrop_slice<S>() const noexcept
     {
         xdrop_slice<S> ret;
@@ -1561,7 +1493,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class T>
-    template <class S, typename>
+    template <std::convertible_to<T> S>
     inline xdrop_slice<S> xdrop_slice<T>::convert() const noexcept
     {
         return xdrop_slice<S>(*this);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
index b52da8e30..f0fda4214 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ namespace xt
         using simd_value_type = xt_simd::simd_type<value_type>;
         using bool_load_type = typename base_type::bool_load_type;
 
+        static constexpr bool provides_simd_interface = has_simd_interface<xexpression_type>::value
+                                                        && L != layout_type::dynamic;
+
         template <class CTA, class SA>
         xstrided_view(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, strides_type&& strides, std::size_t offset, layout_type layout) noexcept;
 
@@ -254,17 +257,13 @@ namespace xt
         template <class requested_type>
         using simd_return_type = xt_simd::simd_return_type<value_type, requested_type>;
 
-        template <class T, class R>
-        using enable_simd_interface = std::enable_if_t<has_simd_interface<T>::value && L != layout_type::dynamic, R>;
+        template <class align, class simd>
+        void store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
+            requires provides_simd_interface;
 
-        template <class align, class simd, class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, void> store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e);
-        template <
-            class align,
-            class requested_type = value_type,
-            std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size,
-            class T = xexpression_type>
-        enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>> load_simd(size_type i) const;
+        template <class align, class requested_type = value_type, std::size_t N = xt_simd::simd_traits<requested_type>::size>
+        simd_return_type<requested_type> load_simd(size_type i) const
+            requires provides_simd_interface;
 
         reference data_element(size_type i);
         const_reference data_element(size_type i) const;
@@ -672,18 +671,18 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    template <class alignment, class simd, class T>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
-        -> enable_simd_interface<T, void>
+    template <class alignment, class simd>
+    inline void xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::store_simd(size_type i, const simd& e)
+        requires provides_simd_interface
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
         xt_simd::store_as(&(storage()[i]), e, align_mode());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class S, layout_type L, class FST>
-    template <class alignment, class requested_type, std::size_t N, class T>
-    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::load_simd(size_type i) const
-        -> enable_simd_interface<T, simd_return_type<requested_type>>
+    template <class alignment, class requested_type, std::size_t N>
+    inline auto xstrided_view<CT, S, L, FST>::load_simd(size_type i) const -> simd_return_type<requested_type>
+        requires provides_simd_interface
     {
         using align_mode = driven_align_mode_t<alignment, data_alignment>;
         return xt_simd::load_as<requested_type>(&(storage()[i]), align_mode());
@@ -824,29 +823,23 @@ namespace xt
             using type = rebind_container_t<size_t, S>;
         };
 
-        template <
-            class S,
-            std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
+        template <class S>
         inline void recalculate_shape_impl(S& shape, size_t size)
         {
-            using value_type = get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>;
-            XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::count(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1) <= 1);
-            auto iter = std::find(shape.begin(), shape.end(), -1);
-            if (iter != std::end(shape))
+            if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>)
             {
-                const auto total = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1, std::multiplies<int>{});
-                const auto missing_dimension = size / total;
-                (*iter) = static_cast<value_type>(missing_dimension);
+                using value_type = get_value_type_t<typename std::decay_t<S>>;
+                XTENSOR_ASSERT(std::count(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1) <= 1);
+                auto iter = std::find(shape.begin(), shape.end(), -1);
+                if (iter != std::end(shape))
+                {
+                    const auto total = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1, std::multiplies<int>{});
+                    const auto missing_dimension = size / total;
+                    (*iter) = static_cast<value_type>(missing_dimension);
+                }
             }
         }
 
-        template <
-            class S,
-            std::enable_if_t<!std::is_signed<get_value_type_t<typename std::decay<S>::type>>::value, bool> = true>
-        inline void recalculate_shape_impl(S&, size_t)
-        {
-        }
-
         template <class S>
         inline auto recalculate_shape(S&& shape, size_t size)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index be67ee191..28f233d87 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -133,6 +133,9 @@ namespace xt
         static constexpr bool contiguous_layout = static_layout != layout_type::dynamic
                                                   && xexpression_type::contiguous_layout;
 
+        static constexpr bool
+            provides_data_interface = detail::provides_data_interface<xexpression_type, storage_type>::value;
+
         template <class CTA, class SA>
         xstrided_view_base(CTA&& e, SA&& shape, strides_type&& strides, size_type offset, layout_type layout) noexcept;
 
@@ -171,10 +174,11 @@ namespace xt
         storage_type& storage() noexcept;
         const storage_type& storage() const noexcept;
 
-        template <class E = xexpression_type, class ST = storage_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, pointer> data() noexcept;
-        template <class E = xexpression_type, class ST = storage_type>
-        std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, const_pointer> data() const noexcept;
+        pointer data() noexcept
+            requires(provides_data_interface);
+        const_pointer data() const noexcept
+            requires(provides_data_interface);
+
         size_type data_offset() const noexcept;
 
         xexpression_type& expression() noexcept;
@@ -578,9 +582,8 @@ namespace xt
      * The first element of the view is at data() + data_offset().
      */
     template <class D>
-    template <class E, class ST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() noexcept
-        -> std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, pointer>
+    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() noexcept -> pointer
+        requires(provides_data_interface)
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -590,9 +593,8 @@ namespace xt
      * The first element of the view is at data() + data_offset().
      */
     template <class D>
-    template <class E, class ST>
-    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() const noexcept
-        -> std::enable_if_t<detail::provides_data_interface<E, ST>::value, const_pointer>
+    inline auto xstrided_view_base<D>::data() const noexcept -> const_pointer
+        requires(provides_data_interface)
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
index be4c05e1a..ea546d4ff 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
@@ -720,7 +720,8 @@ namespace xt
         size_type sliced_access(const xslice<T>& slice, Arg arg, Args... args) const;
 
         template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class T, class... Args>
-        disable_xslice<T, size_type> sliced_access(const T& squeeze, Args...) const;
+        size_type sliced_access(const T& squeeze, Args...) const
+            requires(!is_xslice<T>::value);
 
         using base_index_type = xindex_type_t<typename xexpression_type::shape_type>;
 
@@ -1674,7 +1675,8 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <typename std::decay_t<CT>::size_type I, class T, class... Args>
-    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::sliced_access(const T& squeeze, Args...) const -> disable_xslice<T, size_type>
+    inline auto xview<CT, S...>::sliced_access(const T& squeeze, Args...) const -> size_type
+        requires(!is_xslice<T>::value)
     {
         return static_cast<size_type>(squeeze);
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
index 5c072dbf0..f74eb07e2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
@@ -48,15 +48,16 @@ namespace xt
     constexpr std::size_t newaxis_skip(std::size_t i);
 
     template <class S, class It>
-    inline disable_xslice<S, std::size_t> get_slice_value(const S& s, It&) noexcept
+    inline auto get_slice_value(const S& slice, It& it) noexcept
     {
-        return static_cast<std::size_t>(s);
-    }
-
-    template <class S, class It>
-    inline auto get_slice_value(const xslice<S>& slice, It& it) noexcept
-    {
-        return slice.derived_cast()(typename S::size_type(*it));
+        if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
+        {
+            return slice(typename S::size_type(*it));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(slice);
+        }
     }
 
     /***********************

From 6781c0270e23f075bb842a70715cdbdbc21358fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jarkko Koivikko <5977719+jarkkokoivikko-code-q@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2025 12:51:36 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 559/606] cmake: write xtensor.hpp to local dir to keep global
 build dir clean (#2857)

Generate xtensor.hpp into ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} instead of top-
level ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}.

Expose ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} via BUILD_INTERFACE so consumers can
find the generated header at build time while keeping install paths
unchanged.
---
 CMakeLists.txt | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 1ff7f85f3..3a4f2b0f9 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ add_library(xtensor INTERFACE)
 
 target_include_directories(xtensor INTERFACE
     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR}>
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}>
     $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
 
 target_compile_features(xtensor INTERFACE cxx_std_20)
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ POSTFIX(XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE ">" ${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE})
 string(REPLACE ";" "\n" XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
 string(CONCAT XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE "#ifndef XTENSOR\n" "#define XTENSOR\n\n" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}" "\n\n#endif\n")
 
-file(WRITE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/xtensor.hpp" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
+file(WRITE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/xtensor.hpp" "${XTENSOR_SINGLE_INCLUDE}")
 
-install(FILES "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/xtensor.hpp"
+install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/xtensor.hpp"
         DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR})

From c7ae1a6aae85bed9f6bf912da78c70b3a7f49900 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2025 12:44:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 560/606] Release 0.27.0

---
 README.md                               |  3 ++-
 docs/source/changelog.rst               | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0902f8001..e6192ae74 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Julia and R bindings, check out the [xtensor-python](https://github.com/xtensor-
 [xtensor-r](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-r) projects respectively.
 
 Up to version 0.26.0, `xtensor` requires a C++ compiler supporting C++14.
-
 `xtensor` 0.26.x requires a C++ compiler supporting C++17.
+`xtensor` 0.27.x requires a C++ compiler supporting C++20.
 
 
 ## Installation
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
+|  0.27.0   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
 |  0.26.0   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
 |  0.25.0   | ^0.7.5  |       ^11.0.0     |
 |  0.24.7   | ^0.7.0  |       ^10.0.0     |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 54ac3a1a4..13f214738 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,36 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.27.0
+------
+
+- Replaced apply_cv with xtl::apply_cv and deleted duplicated code
+  `# 2836 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2836`
+- Implement apply with std 17
+  `# 2835 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2835`
+- feat: Use cpp20 by default
+  `# 2839 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2839`
+- Set C++20 in clang-format
+  `# 2843 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2843`
+- Update docs to reflect new directory structure.
+  `# 2845 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2845`
+- Adding concept to a part of the code
+  `# 2842 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2842`
+- fix: update benchmarks
+  `# 2848 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2848`
+- Revive benchmarks
+  `# 2854 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2854`
+- Set cmake min version to represent used features. 
+  `# 2852 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2852`
+- Enabling rich display for xeus-cpp-lite
+  `# 2853 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2853`
+- Add braces around initializers
+  `# 2855 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2855`
+- Adding concept to a part of the code (part 2)
+  `# 2846 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2846`
+- cmake: write xtensor.hpp to local dir to keep global build dir clean
+  `# 2857 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2857`
+
 0.26.0
 ------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
index 09b856554..fdcf1264e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #define XTENSOR_CONFIG_HPP
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 26
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 27
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
 
 

From 7cdc7d53cc148eb9d6042b1f693343587f7348c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Anutosh Bhat <andersonbhat491@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 18:39:56 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 561/606] Add tagfiles to support fetching documentation with
 xeus-cpp-lite (#2862)

Hi,

We can currently fetch the standard documentation through xeus-cpp-lite.
But we can't yet cover any 3rd party lib.

1) Xeus-cling could fetch xtensor documentation (even without xtensor
being installed, because the tagfiles were added to xeus-cling
themselves. Check
[here](https://github.com/jupyter-xeus/xeus-cling/blob/main/share/xeus-cling/tagfiles/xtensor.tag))
. This doesn't sound justified.

2) As discussed with Sylvain in the past, we probably shouldn't populate
xeus-cpp with the tagfiles for all repos but rather have them be a part
of the repo itself. And then when we do a mamba install %xtensor, these
end up in the file system and then can be put to use from there.

Something like

<img width="1528" height="418" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/012d4c8b-f757-4120-821d-eca6a60a2c52"
/>
---
 .gitignore                          |    3 +
 CMakeLists.txt                      |   17 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst           |    2 +-
 etc/xeus-cpp/tags.d/xtensor.json    |    4 +
 share/xeus-cpp/tagfiles/xtensor.tag | 1336 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 1361 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 etc/xeus-cpp/tags.d/xtensor.json
 create mode 100644 share/xeus-cpp/tagfiles/xtensor.tag

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0f4ce3a73..4a5bcec30 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -63,3 +63,6 @@ __pycache__
 # Generated files
 *.pc
 .vscode/settings.json
+
+# Allow tag JSONs under etc/xeus-cpp
+!etc/xeus-cpp/tags.d/
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 3a4f2b0f9..38b5ba171 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,17 @@ project(xtensor CXX)
 
 set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
 
+# xtensor tag files
+set(XTENSOR_DATA_DIR "share/xeus-cpp")
+set(XTENSOR_TAGFILES_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/share/xeus-cpp/tagfiles)
+
+set(XTENSOR_CONF_DIR "etc/xeus-cpp")
+set(XTENSOR_TAGCONFS_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/etc/xeus-cpp/tags.d)
+
+file(COPY "${XTENSOR_TAGFILES_DIR}" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/share/xeus-cpp")
+file(COPY "${XTENSOR_TAGCONFS_DIR}" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/etc/xeus-cpp")
+
+
 # Versionning
 # ===========
 
@@ -290,6 +301,12 @@ configure_file(${PROJECT_NAME}.pc.in
 install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
         DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR}/pkgconfig/")
 
+install(DIRECTORY ${XTENSOR_TAGFILES_DIR}
+        DESTINATION ${XTENSOR_DATA_DIR})
+
+install(DIRECTORY ${XTENSOR_TAGCONFS_DIR}
+        DESTINATION ${XTENSOR_CONF_DIR})
+
 # Write single include
 # ====================
 
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 13f214738..7946c28dc 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Changelog
   `# 2848 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2848`
 - Revive benchmarks
   `# 2854 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2854`
-- Set cmake min version to represent used features. 
+- Set cmake min version to represent used features.
   `# 2852 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2852`
 - Enabling rich display for xeus-cpp-lite
   `# 2853 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2853`
diff --git a/etc/xeus-cpp/tags.d/xtensor.json b/etc/xeus-cpp/tags.d/xtensor.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c10f7409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/xeus-cpp/tags.d/xtensor.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "tagfile": "xtensor.tag",
+  "url": "https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/"
+}
diff --git a/share/xeus-cpp/tagfiles/xtensor.tag b/share/xeus-cpp/tagfiles/xtensor.tag
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e7377611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/xeus-cpp/tagfiles/xtensor.tag
@@ -0,0 +1,1336 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+<tagfile>
+    <url>https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</url>
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+        <name>xt::any</name>
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From f115228a7fc277b9be1bef34572831f8fd53ac73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2025 17:11:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 562/606] Release 0.27.1

---
 README.md                               | 1 +
 docs/source/changelog.rst               | 6 ++++++
 include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e6192ae74..7c18c475e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ library:
 | `xtensor` | `xtl`   |`xsimd` (optional) |
 |-----------|---------|-------------------|
 |  master   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
+|  0.27.1   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
 |  0.27.0   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
 |  0.26.0   | ^0.8.0  |       ^13.2.0     |
 |  0.25.0   | ^0.7.5  |       ^11.0.0     |
diff --git a/docs/source/changelog.rst b/docs/source/changelog.rst
index 7946c28dc..982773051 100644
--- a/docs/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/source/changelog.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+0.27.1
+------
+
+- Add tagfiles to support fetching documentation with xeus-cpp-lite
+  `# 2862 https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/pull/2862`
+
 0.27.0
 ------
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
index fdcf1264e..6a74112df 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define XTENSOR_VERSION_MINOR 27
-#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define XTENSOR_VERSION_PATCH 1
 
 
 // Define if the library is going to be using exceptions.

From 108934209249b2ff25e5a08284ace2b6e0cd6f30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Barnes <rbarnes@umn.edu>
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 2025 07:02:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 563/606] Remove deprecated constexpr definitions (#2863)

# Checklist

- [X] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [X] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [X] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [X] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

C++17 compiler is required now, so these lines are unnecessary.
---
 include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp   | 30 -------------------------
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp |  5 -----
 include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp      | 12 ----------
 3 files changed, 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
index 4ab3a75c3..6ac029881 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
@@ -381,21 +381,6 @@ namespace xt
         friend class xcontainer<xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>>;
     };
 
-#ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
-    // Out of line definitions to prevent linker errors prior to C++17
-    template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr
-        typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_shape_type xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_shape;
-
-    template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr
-        typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_strides_type xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_strides;
-
-    template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_backstrides_type
-        xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_backstrides;
-#endif
-
     /****************************************
      * xfixed_container_adaptor declaration *
      ****************************************/
@@ -518,21 +503,6 @@ namespace xt
         friend class xcontainer<xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>>;
     };
 
-#ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
-    // Out of line definitions to prevent linker errors prior to C++17
-    template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr
-        typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_shape_type xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_shape;
-
-    template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr
-        typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_strides_type xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_strides;
-
-    template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    constexpr typename xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::inner_backstrides_type
-        xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::m_backstrides;
-#endif
-
     /************************************
      * xfixed_container implementation *
      ************************************/
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index 28ad238e5..811ab80b7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1731,11 +1731,6 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC cast_type m_array = cast_type({X...});
     };
 
-#ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
-    template <std::size_t... X>
-    constexpr typename fixed_shape<X...>::cast_type fixed_shape<X...>::m_array;
-#endif
-
 #undef XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR
 
     template <class E, std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t End = -1>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
index 65ee5050e..8f85892fb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
@@ -67,18 +67,6 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC bool is_initialized = true;
         };
 
-#ifdef XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
-        // Out of line definitions to prevent linker errors prior to C++17
-        template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
-        constexpr fixed_shape<N...> xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::shape;
-
-        template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
-        constexpr bool xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::is_trivial;
-
-        template <std::size_t... N, class is_shape_trivial>
-        constexpr bool xfunction_cache_impl<fixed_shape<N...>, is_shape_trivial>::is_initialized;
-#endif
-
         template <class... CT>
         struct xfunction_bool_load_type
         {

From abe7b0fee42239466932c92a43a91e419ed28905 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yoshiki Matsuda <59041398+yosh-matsuda@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2025 14:26:18 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 564/606] Fix potential termination with `noexcept` specifier
 (#2865)

---
 include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp
index fa494e4ea..8ca55f8a4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace xt
         using const_reference = typename inner_types::const_reference;
         using size_type = typename inner_types::size_type;
 
-        size_type size() const noexcept;
+        size_type size() const noexcept(noexcept(derived_cast().shape()));
         size_type dimension() const noexcept;
         size_type shape(size_type index) const;
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns the size of the expression.
      */
     template <class D>
-    inline auto xconst_accessible<D>::size() const noexcept -> size_type
+    inline auto xconst_accessible<D>::size() const noexcept(noexcept(derived_cast().shape())) -> size_type
     {
         return compute_size(derived_cast().shape());
     }

From 3f986cf0da9c3fb09f9175da2c8bf72e2d1f18a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sylvain Corlay <sylvain.corlay@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2025 22:43:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 565/606] Replace Gitter with Zulip

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7c18c475e..0813d3438 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 [![Documentation](http://readthedocs.org/projects/xtensor/badge/?version=latest)](https://xtensor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)
-[![Join the Gitter Chat](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/QuantStack/Lobby?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+[![Zulip](https://img.shields.io/badge/social_chat-zulip-blue.svg)](https://xtensor.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/539553-Ask-anything)
 
 Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing.
 

From 1af007de655a6a73702e605c3df8057fd91055b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 04:44:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 566/606] Updated for_each to use a fold over recurssion
 (#2872)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->
---
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp | 51 +++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 8f40b0c05..85ef31d5d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -163,52 +163,37 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <std::size_t I, class F, class... T>
-        inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(T), void>::type
-        for_each_impl(F&& /*f*/, std::tuple<T...>& /*t*/) noexcept
+        template <class F, size_t... I, class... Ts>
+        void for_each(F&& f, std::tuple<Ts...>& t, std::index_sequence<I...>) noexcept(
+            (noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))) && ...)
+        )
         {
+            (f(std::get<I>(t)), ...);
         }
 
-        template <std::size_t I, class F, class... T>
-            inline typename std::enable_if < I<sizeof...(T), void>::type
-            for_each_impl(F&& f, std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))))
+        template <class F, size_t... I, class... Ts>
+        void for_each(F&& f, const std::tuple<Ts...>& t, std::index_sequence<I...>) noexcept(
+            (noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))) && ...)
+        )
         {
-            f(std::get<I>(t));
-            for_each_impl<I + 1, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
+            (f(std::get<I>(t)), ...);
         }
     }
 
-    template <class F, class... T>
-    inline void for_each(F&& f, std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(
-        noexcept(detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t))
+    template <class F, class... Ts>
+    inline void for_each(F&& f, std::tuple<Ts...>& t) noexcept(
+        noexcept(detail::for_each(std::forward<F>(f), t, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}))
     )
     {
-        detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
+        detail::for_each(std::forward<F>(f), t, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     }
 
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <std::size_t I, class F, class... T>
-        inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(T), void>::type
-        for_each_impl(F&& /*f*/, const std::tuple<T...>& /*t*/) noexcept
-        {
-        }
-
-        template <std::size_t I, class F, class... T>
-            inline typename std::enable_if < I<sizeof...(T), void>::type
-            for_each_impl(F&& f, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(noexcept(f(std::get<I>(t))))
-        {
-            f(std::get<I>(t));
-            for_each_impl<I + 1, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... T>
-    inline void for_each(F&& f, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(
-        noexcept(detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t))
+    template <class F, class... Ts>
+    inline void for_each(F&& f, const std::tuple<Ts...>& t) noexcept(
+        noexcept(detail::for_each(std::forward<F>(f), t, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}))
     )
     {
-        detail::for_each_impl<0, F, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), t);
+        detail::for_each(std::forward<F>(f), t, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     }
 
     /*****************************

From 239cd7f8a0bde008442c99a32198b19b651454fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 10:34:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 567/606] Removed cached downloads on windows CI (#2875)

# Checklist

- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->
---
 .github/workflows/windows.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index 872e80034..667802f5f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
         environment-name: myenv
         environment-file: environment-dev.yml
         init-shell: bash
-        cache-downloads: true
+        cache-downloads: false
         create-args: |
           ninja
 

From 9a3767306c12ecd20cfd0dbcfdbae3f838bb04d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 05:35:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 568/606] Apply C++17 fold to accumulation (#2874)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->
---
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp | 27 +++++++++++++--------------
 test/test_xutils.cpp             |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 85ef31d5d..2e97f67db 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -204,28 +204,27 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
-        template <std::size_t I, class F, class R, class... T>
-        inline std::enable_if_t<I == sizeof...(T), R>
-        accumulate_impl(F&& /*f*/, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& /*t*/) noexcept
-        {
-            return init;
-        }
-
-        template <std::size_t I, class F, class R, class... T>
-            inline std::enable_if_t < I<sizeof...(T), R>
-            accumulate_impl(F&& f, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(noexcept(f(init, std::get<I>(t))))
+        template <class F, class R, class... T, size_t... I>
+        R accumulate_impl(F&& f, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& t, std::index_sequence<I...> /*I*/) noexcept(
+            (noexcept(f(init, std::get<I>(t))) && ...)
+        )
         {
-            R res = f(init, std::get<I>(t));
-            return accumulate_impl<I + 1, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), res, t);
+            R res = init;
+            auto wrapper = [&](const auto& i, const auto& j)
+            {
+                res = f(i, j);
+            };
+            (wrapper(res, std::get<I>(t)), ...);
+            return res;
         }
     }
 
     template <class F, class R, class... T>
     inline R accumulate(F&& f, R init, const std::tuple<T...>& t) noexcept(
-        noexcept(detail::accumulate_impl<0, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), init, t))
+        noexcept(detail::accumulate_impl(std::forward<F>(f), init, t, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>{}))
     )
     {
-        return detail::accumulate_impl<0, F, R, T...>(std::forward<F>(f), init, t);
+        return detail::accumulate_impl(std::forward<F>(f), init, t, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>{});
     }
 
     /// @endcond
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index 5a88baa39..62df3144e 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ namespace xt
         };
         EXPECT_EQ(8, accumulate(func_ne, 0, t));
         EXPECT_TRUE(noexcept(accumulate(func_ne, 0, t)));
+
+        const std::tuple<> t_empty{};
+        EXPECT_EQ(8, accumulate(func_ne, 8, t_empty));
     }
 
     template <class... T>

From 883ff342a31d3f9a61af7426060c4cef9441e15c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2025 05:23:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 569/606] Refactor xfunction to use std::apply rather than
 index_sequence (#2876)

# Checklist

- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->
---
 include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp | 181 ++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
index 8f85892fb..200a35d47 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
@@ -355,24 +355,6 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
-        template <std::size_t... I>
-        layout_type layout_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept;
-
-        template <std::size_t... I, class... Args>
-        const_reference access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const;
-
-        template <std::size_t... I, class... Args>
-        const_reference unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const;
-
-        template <std::size_t... I, class It>
-        const_reference element_access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, It first, It last) const;
-
-        template <std::size_t... I>
-        const_reference data_element_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, size_type i) const;
-
-        template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, std::size_t... I>
-        auto load_simd_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, size_type i) const;
-
         template <class Func, std::size_t... I>
         const_stepper build_stepper(Func&& f, std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept;
 
@@ -437,9 +419,6 @@ namespace xt
 
         using data_type = std::tuple<decltype(xt::linear_begin(std::declval<const std::decay_t<CT>>()))...>;
 
-        template <std::size_t... I>
-        reference deref_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const;
-
         template <std::size_t... I>
         difference_type
         tuple_max_diff(std::index_sequence<I...>, const data_type& lhs, const data_type& rhs) const;
@@ -500,12 +479,6 @@ namespace xt
 
     private:
 
-        template <std::size_t... I>
-        reference deref_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const;
-
-        template <class T, std::size_t... I>
-        simd_return_type<T> step_simd_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>);
-
         const xfunction_type* p_f;
         std::tuple<typename std::decay_t<CT>::const_stepper...> m_st;
     };
@@ -593,7 +566,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline layout_type xfunction<F, CT...>::layout() const noexcept
     {
-        return layout_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... e)
+            {
+                return compute_layout(e.layout()...);
+            },
+            m_e
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -628,7 +607,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // The static cast prevents the compiler from instantiating the template methods with signed integers,
         // leading to warning about signed/unsigned conversions in the deeper layers of the access methods
-        return access_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
+
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... e)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_TRY(check_index(shape(), args...));
+                XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION(shape(), args...);
+                return m_f(e(args...)...);
+            },
+            m_e
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -643,7 +631,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::flat(size_type index) const -> const_reference
     {
-        return data_element_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), index);
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... e)
+            {
+                return m_f(e.data_element(index)...);
+            },
+            m_e
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -671,7 +665,13 @@ namespace xt
     {
         // The static cast prevents the compiler from instantiating the template methods with signed integers,
         // leading to warning about signed/unsigned conversions in the deeper layers of the access methods
-        return unchecked_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), static_cast<size_type>(args)...);
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](const auto&... e)
+            {
+                return m_f(e.unchecked(static_cast<size_type>(args)...)...);
+            },
+            m_e
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -685,7 +685,14 @@ namespace xt
     template <class It>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
     {
-        return element_access_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), first, last);
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... e)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_TRY(check_element_index(shape(), first, last));
+                return m_f(e.element(first, last)...);
+            },
+            m_e
+        );
     }
 
     //@}
@@ -819,7 +826,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::data_element(size_type i) const -> const_reference
     {
-        return data_element_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), i);
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... e)
+            {
+                return m_f(e.data_element(i)...);
+            },
+            m_e
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -833,7 +846,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::load_simd(size_type i) const -> simd_return_type<requested_type>
     {
-        return load_simd_impl<align, requested_type, N>(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>(), i);
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... e)
+            {
+                return m_f.simd_apply((e.template load_simd<align, requested_type>(i))...);
+            },
+            m_e
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -848,55 +867,6 @@ namespace xt
         return m_f;
     }
 
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I>
-    inline layout_type xfunction<F, CT...>::layout_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
-    {
-        return compute_layout(std::get<I>(m_e).layout()...);
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const
-        -> const_reference
-    {
-        XTENSOR_TRY(check_index(shape(), args...));
-        XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION(shape(), args...);
-        return m_f(std::get<I>(m_e)(args...)...);
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I, class... Args>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::unchecked_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Args... args) const
-        -> const_reference
-    {
-        return m_f(std::get<I>(m_e).unchecked(args...)...);
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I, class It>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::element_access_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, It first, It last) const
-        -> const_reference
-    {
-        XTENSOR_TRY(check_element_index(shape(), first, last));
-        return m_f((std::get<I>(m_e).element(first, last))...);
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::data_element_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, size_type i) const
-        -> const_reference
-    {
-        return m_f((std::get<I>(m_e).data_element(i))...);
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <class align, class requested_type, std::size_t N, std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::load_simd_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, size_type i) const
-    {
-        return m_f.simd_apply((std::get<I>(m_e).template load_simd<align, requested_type>(i))...);
-    }
-
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class Func, std::size_t... I>
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::build_stepper(Func&& f, std::index_sequence<I...>) const noexcept
@@ -987,7 +957,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::operator*() const -> reference
     {
-        return deref_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... it)
+            {
+                return (p_f->m_f)(*it...);
+            },
+            m_it
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
@@ -1010,13 +986,6 @@ namespace xt
         return std::get<index>(m_it) < std::get<index>(rhs.m_it);
     }
 
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::deref_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const -> reference
-    {
-        return (p_f->m_f)(*std::get<I>(m_it)...);
-    }
-
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <std::size_t... I>
     inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::tuple_max_diff(
@@ -1140,28 +1109,26 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class... CT>
     inline auto xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::operator*() const -> reference
     {
-        return deref_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::deref_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) const -> reference
-    {
-        return (p_f->m_f)(*std::get<I>(m_st)...);
-    }
-
-    template <class F, class... CT>
-    template <class T, std::size_t... I>
-    inline auto xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step_simd_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>) -> simd_return_type<T>
-    {
-        return (p_f->m_f.simd_apply)(std::get<I>(m_st).template step_simd<T>()...);
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... e)
+            {
+                return (p_f->m_f)(*e...);
+            },
+            m_st
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::step_simd() -> simd_return_type<T>
     {
-        return step_simd_impl<T>(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(CT)>());
+        return std::apply(
+            [&](auto&... st)
+            {
+                return (p_f->m_f.simd_apply)(st.template step_simd<T>()...);
+            },
+            m_st
+        );
     }
 
     template <class F, class... CT>

From cbb9a362b8fdff39d23fe03c166db193dda2a864 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 08:04:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 570/606] Add clang 21 to linux CI and update actions/checkout
 (#2869)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Update the github action actions/checkout to v4 and add clang 21
---
 .github/workflows/linux.yml   | 11 ++++++-----
 .github/workflows/osx.yml     |  2 +-
 .github/workflows/windows.yml |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index 91d65b5ba..a4de87fb8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ jobs:
         - {compiler: clang, version: '18', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '19', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '20', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '21', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
@@ -44,15 +45,15 @@ jobs:
         chmod +x llvm.sh
         sudo ./llvm.sh ${{matrix.sys.version}}
         sudo apt-get install -y clang-tools-${{matrix.sys.version}}
-        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++                 clang++                     /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
-        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang                       clang                         /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
-        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps   clang-scan-deps     /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++         clang++             /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang           clang               /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps clang-scan-deps     /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
         sudo update-alternatives --set clang /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}}
         sudo update-alternatives --set clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}}
         sudo update-alternatives --set clang-scan-deps /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}}
 
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Set conda environment
       uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Build
       working-directory: build
-      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+      run: cmake --build . --target test_xtensor_lib
 
     - name: Run tests
       working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/osx.yml b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
index 00fd99576..c278216b0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/osx.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
 
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Set conda environment
       uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index 667802f5f..c04adc626 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
         echo "CXX=clang++" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Set conda environment
       uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main

From 1b6b7dbddd747cf45d2e633fcdc041549e110700 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 2026 16:36:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 571/606] Removed deprecated osx 13 runner (#2879)

---
 .github/workflows/osx.yml | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/osx.yml b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
index c278216b0..5dbce477e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/osx.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/osx.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os:
-        - 13
         - 14
         - 15
 

From 0c4ca0de4707d966633e41d4d9ad5b36d1432e44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Jan 2026 04:14:19 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 572/606] Add support of 1D expression in xcsv (#2870)

---
 include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 test/test_xcsv.cpp          | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
index 2b758bd9e..080ccaf54 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_CSV_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_CSV_HPP
 
-#include <exception>
 #include <istream>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -211,30 +210,40 @@ namespace xt
     {
         using size_type = typename E::size_type;
         const E& ex = e.derived_cast();
-        if (ex.dimension() != 2)
+        if (ex.dimension() == 1)
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Only 2-D expressions can be serialized to CSV");
-        }
-        size_type nbrows = ex.shape()[0], nbcols = ex.shape()[1];
-        auto st = ex.stepper_begin(ex.shape());
-        for (size_type r = 0; r != nbrows; ++r)
-        {
-            for (size_type c = 0; c != nbcols; ++c)
+            const size_type n = ex.shape()[0];
+            for (size_type i = 0; i != n; ++i)
             {
-                stream << *st;
-                if (c != nbcols - 1)
+                stream << ex(i);
+                if (i != n - 1)
                 {
-                    st.step(1);
                     stream << ',';
                 }
-                else
+            }
+            stream << std::endl;
+        }
+        else if (ex.dimension() == 2)
+        {
+            const size_type nbrows = ex.shape()[0];
+            const size_type nbcols = ex.shape()[1];
+            for (size_type r = 0; r != nbrows; ++r)
+            {
+                for (size_type c = 0; c != nbcols; ++c)
                 {
-                    st.reset(1);
-                    st.step(0);
-                    stream << std::endl;
+                    stream << ex(r, c);
+                    if (c != nbcols - 1)
+                    {
+                        stream << ',';
+                    }
                 }
+                stream << std::endl;
             }
         }
+        else
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Only 1-D and 2-D expressions can be serialized to CSV");
+        }
     }
 
     struct xcsv_config
diff --git a/test/test_xcsv.cpp b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
index 584d17345..767718fe1 100644
--- a/test/test_xcsv.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-#include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
 
-#include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 
@@ -18,6 +16,19 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    TEST(xcsv, load_1D)
+    {
+        const std::string source = "1, 2, 3, 4";
+
+        std::stringstream source_stream(source);
+
+        const xtensor<int, 2> res = load_csv<int>(source_stream);
+
+        const xtensor<int, 2> exp{{1, 2, 3, 4}};
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
+    }
+
     TEST(xcsv, load_double)
     {
         std::string source = "1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0\n"
@@ -49,6 +60,16 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
     }
 
+    TEST(xcsv, dump_1D)
+    {
+        xtensor<double, 1> data{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}};
+
+        std::stringstream res;
+
+        dump_csv(res, data);
+        ASSERT_EQ("1,2,3,4\n", res.str());
+    }
+
     TEST(xcsv, dump_double)
     {
         xtensor<double, 2> data{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}, {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};

From 18f6524829d8ac6399374f9ecbd21b959f75424d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexandre Hoffmann <alexandre.hoffmann.etu@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Jan 2026 14:05:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 573/606] added a mapper that maps the indexes of a view to the
 indices of a container (#2880)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

The `index_mapper` class provides functionality to convert indices from
a view's coordinate system
to the corresponding indices in the underlying container. This is
particularly useful for views
that contain integral slices (fixed indices), as these slices reduce the
dimensionality of the view.

Example:
```cpp
xt::xarray<double> a = xt::arange(24).reshape({2, 3, 4});
auto view1 = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all(), xt::all());  // Fixed first dimension
index_mapper<decltype(view1)> mapper;

// Map view indices (i,j) to container indices (1,i,j)
double val = mapper.map(a, view1, 0, 0);  // Returns a(1, 0, 0)
double val2 = mapper.map(a, view1, 1, 2); // Returns a(1, 1, 2)
 ```

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexandre Hoffmann <alexandre.hoffmann@polytechnique.edu>
---
 include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp | 538 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp  |   3 +
 test/test_xview.cpp                    | 129 ++++++
 3 files changed, 670 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp

diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..672cb2207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht          *
+ * Copyright (c) QuantStack                                                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.                 *
+ *                                                                          *
+ * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef XTENSOR_INDEX_MAPPER_HPP
+#define XTENSOR_INDEX_MAPPER_HPP
+
+#include "xview.hpp"
+
+namespace xt
+{
+
+    template <class UndefinedView>
+    struct index_mapper;
+
+    /**
+     * @enum access_t
+     * @brief Defines the access policy for the underlying container.
+     */
+    enum class access_t
+    {
+        SAFE,   ///< Use .at() accessor (bounds checked).
+        UNSAFE  ///< Use operator() accessor (no bounds checking).
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @class index_mapper
+     * @brief A helper class for mapping indices between views and their underlying containers.
+     *
+     * The `index_mapper` class provides functionality to convert indices from a view's coordinate system
+     * to the corresponding indices in the underlying container. This is particularly useful for views
+     * that contain integral slices (fixed indices), as these slices reduce the dimensionality of the view.
+     *
+     * @tparam UndefinedView The primary template parameter, specialized for `xt::xview` types.
+     *
+     * @note This class is specialized for `xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>` types only.
+     *       Other view types will trigger a compilation error.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * @code
+     * xt::xarray<double> a = xt::arange(24).reshape({2, 3, 4});
+     * auto view1 = xt::view(a, 1, xt::all(), xt::all());  // Fixed first dimension
+     * index_mapper<decltype(view1)> mapper;
+     *
+     * // Map view indices (i,j) to container indices (1,i,j)
+     * double val = mapper.map(a, view1, 0, 0);  // Returns a(1, 0, 0)
+     * double val2 = mapper.map(a, view1, 1, 2); // Returns a(1, 1, 2)
+     * @endcode
+     */
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    class index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        /// @brief The view type this mapper works with
+        using view_type = xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>;
+
+        /// @brief Reference type of the underlying view.
+        using reference = typename xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>::reference;
+
+        /// @brief Const reference type of the underlying view.
+        using const_reference = typename xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>::const_reference;
+
+        /// @brief Total number of explicitly passed slices in the view
+        static constexpr size_t n_slices = sizeof...(Slices);
+
+        /// @brief Number of slices that are integral constants (fixed indices)
+        static constexpr size_t nb_integral_slices = (std::is_integral_v<Slices> + ...);
+
+        /// @brief Number of slices that are xt::newaxis (insert a  dimension)
+        static constexpr size_t nb_new_axis_slices = (xt::detail::is_newaxis_v<Slices> + ...);
+
+        /**
+         * Compute how many indices are needed to address the underlying container
+         * when given N indices in the view.
+         */
+        template <std::integral... Indices>
+        static constexpr size_t n_indices_full_v = size_t(sizeof...(Indices) + nb_integral_slices);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Map view indices to container reference using UNSAFE access.
+         * @param container The source container.
+         * @param view The view defining the mapping.
+         * @param indices The indices in view-space.
+         * @return Reference to the element in the container.
+         */
+        template <std::integral... Indices>
+        reference map(UnderlyingContainer& container, const view_type& view, const Indices... indices) const;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Map view indices to container const_reference using UNSAFE access.
+         * @param container The source container.
+         * @param view The view defining the mapping.
+         * @param indices The indices in view-space.
+         * @return Reference to the element in the container.
+         */
+        template <std::integral... Indices>
+        const_reference
+        cmap(const UnderlyingContainer& container, const view_type& view, const Indices... indices) const;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Map view indices to container reference using SAFE access.
+         * @param container The source container.
+         * @param view The view defining the mapping.
+         * @param indices The indices in view-space.
+         * @return Reference to the element in the container.
+         */
+        template <std::integral... Indices>
+        reference map_at(UnderlyingContainer& container, const view_type& view, const Indices... indices) const;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Map view indices to container const_reference using SAFE access.
+         * @param container The source container.
+         * @param view The view defining the mapping.
+         * @param indices The indices in view-space.
+         * @return Reference to the element in the container.
+         */
+        template <std::integral... Indices>
+        const_reference
+        cmap_at(const UnderlyingContainer& container, const view_type& view, const Indices... indices) const;
+
+        /// @brief Return the dimensionality of the view
+        size_t dimension(const UnderlyingContainer& container) const;
+
+    private:
+
+        /// @brief Alias for selecting reference type based on const-correctness.
+        template <bool IS_CONST>
+        using conditional_reference = std::conditional_t<IS_CONST, const_reference, reference>;
+
+        /// @brief Helper type alias for the I-th slice type
+        template <size_t I>
+        using slice_type = std::tuple_element_t<I, std::tuple<Slices...>>;
+
+        /// @brief True if the I-th slice is an integral slice (fixed index)
+        template <size_t I>
+        static consteval bool is_slice_integral();
+
+        /// @brief True if the I-th slice is a newaxis slice
+        template <size_t I>
+        static consteval bool is_slice_new_axis();
+
+        /**
+         * Helper metafunction to build an index_sequence that skips
+         * newaxis slices.
+         *
+         * The resulting sequence contains only the indices that
+         * correspond to real container dimensions.
+         */
+        template <size_t first, size_t bound, size_t... indices>
+        struct indices_sequence_helper
+        {
+            // we add the current axis
+            using not_new_axis_type = typename indices_sequence_helper<first + 1, bound, indices..., first>::type;
+
+            // we skip the current axis
+            using new_axis_type = typename indices_sequence_helper<first + 1, bound, indices...>::type;
+
+            // NOTE: is_slice_new_axis works even if first >= sizeof...(Slices)
+            using type = std::conditional_t<is_slice_new_axis<first>(), new_axis_type, not_new_axis_type>;
+        };
+
+        /// @brief Base case: recursion termination
+        template <size_t bound, size_t... indices>
+        struct indices_sequence_helper<bound, bound, indices...>
+        {
+            using type = std::index_sequence<indices...>;
+        };
+
+        ///<  @brief Index sequence of non-newaxis slices
+        template <size_t bound>
+        using indices_sequence = indices_sequence_helper<0, bound>::type;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Maps an index for a specific slice to the corresponding index in the underlying container.
+         *
+         * For integral slices (fixed indices), returns the fixed index value.
+         * For non-integral slices (like `xt::all()`), applies the slice transformation to the index.
+         *
+         * @tparam I The slice index to map.
+         * @tparam Index Type of the index (must be integral).
+         * @param view The view object containing slice information.
+         * @param i The index within the slice to map.
+         * @return size_t The mapped index in the underlying container.
+         *
+         * @throws Assertion failure if `i != 0` for integral slices.
+         * @throws Assertion failure if `i >= slice.size()` for non-integral slices.
+         */
+        template <size_t I, std::integral Index>
+        size_t map_ith_index(const view_type& view, const Index i) const;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Main recursion/logic handler for mapping operations.
+         * Handles dimension dropping if the provided index count exceeds view dimensionality.
+         *
+         * @tparam IS_CONST Boolean flag; true if the operation is on a const container.
+         * @tparam ACCESS The access policy (SAFE for .at(), UNSAFE for operator()).
+         * @param is_const Tag used for compile-time dispatching of const-correctness.
+         * @param container The underlying container (xarray, xtensor, etc.) being accessed.
+         * @param access Tag used for compile-time dispatching of the access method.
+         * @param view The xview instance that defines the coordinate transformation.
+         * @param firstIndice The current leading index in the coordinate pack.
+         * @param otherIndices The remaining indices in the coordinate pack.
+         */
+        template <bool IS_CONST, access_t ACCESS, std::integral FirstIndice, std::integral... OtherIndices>
+        conditional_reference<IS_CONST> map_main(
+            std::bool_constant<IS_CONST> /* is_const */,
+            std::conditional_t<IS_CONST, const UnderlyingContainer&, UnderlyingContainer&> container,
+            std::integral_constant<access_t, ACCESS> /* access */,
+            const view_type& view,
+            const FirstIndice firstIndice,
+            const OtherIndices... otherIndices
+        ) const;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Base case for map_main recursion, where no indices is supplied and assumes (0, 0, ...).
+         *
+         * @tparam IS_CONST Boolean flag; true if the operation is on a const container.
+         * @tparam ACCESS The access policy (SAFE for .at(), UNSAFE for operator()).
+         * @param is_const Tag used for compile-time dispatching of const-correctness.
+         * @param container The underlying container (xarray, xtensor, etc.) being accessed.
+         * @param access Tag used for compile-time dispatching of the access method.
+         * @param view The xview instance that defines the coordinate transformation.
+         */
+        template <bool IS_CONST, access_t ACCESS>
+        conditional_reference<IS_CONST> map_main(
+            std::bool_constant<IS_CONST> /* is_const */,
+            std::conditional_t<IS_CONST, const UnderlyingContainer&, UnderlyingContainer&> container,
+            std::integral_constant<access_t, ACCESS> /* access */,
+            const view_type& view
+        ) const;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Maps all indices and accesses the container.
+         *
+         * @tparam IS_CONST Boolean flag for const-correctness.
+         * @tparam ACCESS The access policy (SAFE or UNSAFE).
+         * @tparam n_indices The size of the index array (calculated from view/container info).
+         * @tparam Is A pack of indices `0, 1, ..., n-1` used to unroll the mapping loop.
+         * @param is_const Tag for const-correctness dispatch.
+         * @param container The underlying container being accessed.
+         * @param access Tag for access method dispatch.
+         * @param view The xview instance providing the slice transformations.
+         * @param is_seq An index sequence used to drive the parameter pack expansion.
+         * @param indices An array containing the view-space indices to be mapped.
+         */
+        template <bool IS_CONST, access_t ACCESS, size_t n_indices, size_t... Is>
+        conditional_reference<IS_CONST> map_all_indices(
+            std::bool_constant<IS_CONST> /* is_const */,
+            std::conditional_t<IS_CONST, const UnderlyingContainer&, UnderlyingContainer&> container,
+            std::integral_constant<access_t, ACCESS> /* access */,
+            const view_type& view,
+            std::index_sequence<Is...> /* is_seq */,
+            const std::array<size_t, n_indices>& indices
+        ) const;
+
+        /// @brief Expand view indices into a full index array, inserting dummy indices for integral slices
+        template <std::integral... Indices>
+        std::array<size_t, n_indices_full_v<Indices...>> get_indices_full(const Indices... indices) const;
+    };
+
+    /*******************************
+     * index_mapper implementation *
+     *******************************/
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <size_t I>
+    consteval bool index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::is_slice_integral()
+    {
+        if constexpr (I < sizeof...(Slices))
+        {
+            return std::is_integral_v<slice_type<I>>;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <size_t I>
+    consteval bool index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::is_slice_new_axis()
+    {
+        if constexpr (I < sizeof...(Slices))
+        {
+            return xt::detail::is_newaxis_v<slice_type<I>>;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <std::integral... Indices>
+    auto
+    index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::get_indices_full(const Indices... indices) const
+        -> std::array<size_t, n_indices_full_v<Indices...>>
+    {
+        constexpr size_t n_indices_full = n_indices_full_v<Indices...>;
+
+        std::array<size_t, sizeof...(indices)> args{size_t(indices)...};
+        std::array<size_t, n_indices_full> args_full;
+
+        const auto fill_args_full = [&args_full, &args]<size_t... Is>(std::index_sequence<Is...>)
+        {
+            auto it = std::cbegin(args);
+
+            ((args_full[Is] = (is_slice_integral<Is>()) ? size_t(0) : *it++), ...);
+        };
+
+        fill_args_full(std::make_index_sequence<n_indices_full>{});
+
+        return args_full;
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <std::integral... Indices>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::map(
+        UnderlyingContainer& container,
+        const view_type& view,
+        const Indices... indices
+    ) const -> reference
+    {
+        return map_main(
+            std::false_type{},
+            container,
+            std::integral_constant<access_t, access_t::UNSAFE>{},
+            view,
+            indices...
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <std::integral... Indices>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::cmap(
+        const UnderlyingContainer& container,
+        const view_type& view,
+        const Indices... indices
+    ) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return map_main(
+            std::true_type{},
+            container,
+            std::integral_constant<access_t, access_t::UNSAFE>{},
+            view,
+            indices...
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <std::integral... Indices>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::map_at(
+        UnderlyingContainer& container,
+        const view_type& view,
+        const Indices... indices
+    ) const -> reference
+    {
+        return map_main(
+            std::false_type{},
+            container,
+            std::integral_constant<access_t, access_t::SAFE>{},
+            view,
+            indices...
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <std::integral... Indices>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::cmap_at(
+        const UnderlyingContainer& container,
+        const view_type& view,
+        const Indices... indices
+    ) const -> const_reference
+    {
+        return map_main(
+            std::true_type{},
+            container,
+            std::integral_constant<access_t, access_t::SAFE>{},
+            view,
+            indices...
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <bool IS_CONST, access_t ACCESS, std::integral FirstIndice, std::integral... OtherIndices>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::map_main(
+        std::bool_constant<IS_CONST> is_const,
+        std::conditional_t<IS_CONST, const UnderlyingContainer&, UnderlyingContainer&> container,
+        std::integral_constant<access_t, ACCESS> access,
+        const view_type& view,
+        const FirstIndice firstIndice,
+        const OtherIndices... otherIndices
+    ) const -> conditional_reference<IS_CONST>
+    {
+        constexpr size_t n_indices_full = n_indices_full_v<FirstIndice, OtherIndices...>;
+
+        constexpr size_t underlying_n_dimensions = xt::static_dimension<
+            typename std::decay_t<UnderlyingContainer>::shape_type>::value;
+
+        // If there is too many indices, we need to drop the first ones.
+        // If the number of dimensions of the underlying container is known at compile time we can drop them
+        // at compile time Else a runtime-test is requires, which, breaks vectorization.
+        // I don't know if we can do it in another way.
+
+        if constexpr (underlying_n_dimensions != size_t(-1))
+        {
+            // the number of dimensions of the underlying container is known at compile time.
+            constexpr size_t n_dimensions = underlying_n_dimensions - nb_integral_slices + nb_new_axis_slices;
+
+            // we can perform compile time checks
+            if constexpr (1 + sizeof...(OtherIndices) > n_dimensions)
+            {
+                return map_main(is_const, container, access, view, otherIndices...);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return map_all_indices(
+                    is_const,
+                    container,
+                    access,
+                    view,
+                    indices_sequence<n_indices_full>{},
+                    get_indices_full(firstIndice, otherIndices...)
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // we need execution time checks
+            if (1 + sizeof...(OtherIndices) > dimension(container))
+            {
+                return map_main(is_const, container, access, view, otherIndices...);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return map_all_indices(
+                    is_const,
+                    container,
+                    access,
+                    view,
+                    indices_sequence<n_indices_full>{},
+                    get_indices_full(firstIndice, otherIndices...)
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <bool IS_CONST, access_t ACCESS>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::map_main(
+        std::bool_constant<IS_CONST> is_const,
+        std::conditional_t<IS_CONST, const UnderlyingContainer&, UnderlyingContainer&> container,
+        std::integral_constant<access_t, ACCESS> access,
+        const view_type& view
+    ) const -> conditional_reference<IS_CONST>
+    {
+        constexpr size_t n_indices_full = n_indices_full_v<>;
+
+        return map_all_indices(
+            is_const,
+            container,
+            access,
+            view,
+            indices_sequence<n_indices_full>{},
+            get_indices_full()
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <bool IS_CONST, access_t ACCESS, size_t n_indices, size_t... Is>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::map_all_indices(
+        std::bool_constant<IS_CONST> /* is_const */,
+        std::conditional_t<IS_CONST, const UnderlyingContainer&, UnderlyingContainer&> container,
+        std::integral_constant<access_t, ACCESS> /* access */,
+        const view_type& view,
+        std::index_sequence<Is...> /* is_seq */,
+        const std::array<size_t, n_indices>& indices
+    ) const -> conditional_reference<IS_CONST>
+    {
+        if constexpr (ACCESS == access_t::SAFE)
+        {
+            return container.at(map_ith_index<Is>(view, indices[Is])...);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return container(map_ith_index<Is>(view, indices[Is])...);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    template <size_t I, std::integral Index>
+    auto
+    index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::map_ith_index(const view_type& view, const Index i) const
+        -> size_t
+    {
+        if constexpr (I < sizeof...(Slices))
+        {
+            // if the slice is explicitly specified, use it
+            using current_slice = std::tuple_element_t<I, std::tuple<Slices...>>;
+
+            static_assert(not xt::detail::is_newaxis_v<current_slice>);
+
+            const auto& slice = std::get<I>(view.slices());
+
+            if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<current_slice>)
+            {
+                assert(i == 0);
+                return size_t(slice);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                assert(i < slice.size());
+                return size_t(slice(i));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // else assume xt::all
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
+    auto index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::dimension(const UnderlyingContainer& container
+    ) const -> size_t
+    {
+        return container.dimension() - nb_integral_slices + nb_new_axis_slices;
+    }
+
+}  // namespace xt
+
+#endif  // XTENSOR_INDEX_MAPPER_HPP
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
index f74eb07e2..696fa8762 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview_utils.hpp
@@ -149,6 +149,9 @@ namespace xt
         {
         };
 
+        template <class T>
+        constexpr bool is_newaxis_v = is_newaxis<T>::value;
+
         template <class T, class... S>
         struct newaxis_count_impl
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index b2afa3c56..5f81047b2 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
@@ -143,6 +144,76 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xview_mapping, simple)
+    {
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
+        xarray<double> a(shape);
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
+        std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
+
+        auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(1, 4));
+
+        index_mapper<decltype(view1)> mapper1;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), mapper1.map(a, view1, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), mapper1.map(a, view1, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), mapper1.dimension(a));
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(mapper1.map_at(a, view1, 10));
+
+        auto view0 = view(a, 0, range(0, 3));
+        index_mapper<decltype(view0)> mapper0;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 0), mapper0.map(a, view0, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 1), mapper0.map(a, view0, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), mapper0.dimension(a));
+
+        auto view2 = view(a, range(0, 2), 2);
+        index_mapper<decltype(view2)> mapper2;
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), mapper2.map(a, view2, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), mapper2.map(a, view2, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), mapper2.dimension(a));
+
+        auto view4 = view(a, 1);
+        index_mapper<decltype(view4)> mapper4;
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), mapper4.dimension(a));
+
+        auto view5 = view(view4, 1);
+        index_mapper<decltype(view5)> mapper5;
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), mapper5.dimension(view4));
+
+        auto view6 = view(a, 1, all());
+        index_mapper<decltype(view6)> mapper6;
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0), mapper6.map(a, view6, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), mapper6.map(a, view6, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), mapper6.map(a, view6, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 3), mapper6.map(a, view6, 3));
+
+        auto view7 = view(a, all(), 2);
+        index_mapper<decltype(view7)> mapper7;
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), mapper7.map(a, view7, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), mapper7.map(a, view7, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(2, 2), mapper7.map(a, view7, 2));
+    }
+
+    TEST(xview_mapping, indices)
+    {
+        xarray<double> a = {{1., 2., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
+
+        auto view1 = view(a, all(), all());
+        index_mapper<decltype(view1)> mapper1;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), mapper1.map(a, view1, 0, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), mapper1.map(a, view1, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), mapper1.map(a, view1, 1, 1, 2));
+
+        auto view2 = view(a, all());
+        index_mapper<decltype(view2)> mapper2;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), mapper2.map(a, view2, 0, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(0, 2), mapper2.map(a, view2, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), mapper2.map(a, view2, 1, 1, 2));
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, negative_index)
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
@@ -269,6 +340,38 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 1), view1.element(idx.cbegin(), idx.cend()));
     }
 
+    TEST(xview_mapping, three_dimensional)
+    {
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4, 2};
+        std::vector<double> data = {1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,   7,   8,
+
+                                    9,  10, 11, 12, 21, 22,  23,  24,
+
+                                    25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 210, 211, 212};
+        xarray<double> a(shape);
+        std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
+
+        auto view1 = view(a, 1, all(), all());
+        index_mapper<decltype(view1)> mapper1;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), mapper1.dimension(a));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 0), mapper1.map(a, view1, 0, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 1), mapper1.map(a, view1, 0, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 0), mapper1.map(a, view1, 1, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 1), mapper1.map(a, view1, 1, 1));
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(mapper1.map_at(a, view1, 10, 10));
+
+        auto view2 = view(a, 1);
+        index_mapper<decltype(view2)> mapper2;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(2), mapper2.dimension(a));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 0), mapper2.map(a, view2, 0, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 0, 1), mapper2.map(a, view2, 0, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 0), mapper2.map(a, view2, 1, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1, 1), mapper2.map(a, view2, 1, 1));
+        XT_EXPECT_ANY_THROW(mapper2.map_at(a, view2, 10, 10));
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, integral_count)
     {
         size_t squeeze1 = integral_count<size_t, size_t, size_t, xrange<size_t>>();
@@ -333,6 +436,32 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(v3(2, 3, 1, 1), arr(1, 2));
     }
 
+    TEST(xview_mapping, access)
+    {
+        xt::xarray<double> arr{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};
+
+        auto v1 = xt::view(arr, 1, xt::range(1, 3));
+        index_mapper<decltype(v1)> mapper1;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(mapper1.map(arr, v1), arr(0, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(mapper1.map(arr, v1, 1), arr(1, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(mapper1.map(arr, v1, 1, 1), arr(1, 2));
+
+        auto v2 = xt::view(arr, all(), newaxis(), all());
+        index_mapper<decltype(v2)> mapper2;
+
+        // EXPECT_EQ(v2(1), arr(0, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(mapper2.map(arr, v2, 1, 0, 2), arr(1, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(mapper2.map(arr, v2, 2, 1, 0, 2), arr(1, 2));
+
+        auto v3 = xt::view(arr, xt::range(0, 2), xt::range(1, 3));
+        index_mapper<decltype(v3)> mapper3;
+
+        // EXPECT_EQ(v3(1), arr(0, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(mapper3.map(arr, v3, 1, 1), arr(1, 2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(mapper3.map(arr, v3, 2, 3, 1, 1), arr(1, 2));
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, unchecked)
     {
         xt::xarray<double> arr{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}, {2.0, 5.0, 7.0}};

From 5988352ee6aec2e2ee957187df51fabd9123c824 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 10:09:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 574/606] =?UTF-8?q?Updated=20language=C3=A8formatters-pre-?=
 =?UTF-8?q?commit-hooks=20(#2890)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

# Checklist

- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index d67461681..6e33ed170 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
   - id: remove-tabs
     args: [--whitespaces-count, '4']
 - repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v2.11.0
+  rev: v2.16.0
   hooks:
   - id: pretty-format-yaml
     args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']

From f21347a93c77218528521bdce9524e76bb801e31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kwonunn <me@vivstuff.gay>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 11:36:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 575/606] Fix NPY header length error due to signed->unsigned
 conversion (#2889)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] ~~API of new functions and classes are documented.~~

# Description
This PR fixes an error pertaining to reading the length of the header of
an npy file. The header is read as two `char`s and then combined into a
`uint16_t`. Previously due to `char` being a signed value, any value
with the MSB set would get converted as if it were a negative number and
thus misinterpreted.

For example, the bytes `F6 00` which means a header of 246 bytes would
be interpreted as a header of 65526 bytes.

I think the code could be shortened a little, but I think when messing
with bits like this it's best to be explicit. Also, the compiler will
likely optimize it anyway.
---
 include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
index 369d68c9d..61739cfe0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
@@ -482,7 +482,9 @@ namespace xt
             char header_len_le16[2];
             istream.read(header_len_le16, 2);
 
-            uint16_t header_length = uint16_t(header_len_le16[0] << 0) | uint16_t(header_len_le16[1] << 8);
+            uint16_t header_b0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(header_len_le16[0]));
+            uint16_t header_b1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(header_len_le16[1])) << 8;
+            uint16_t header_length = header_b0 | header_b1;
 
             if ((magic_string_length + 2 + 2 + header_length) % 16 != 0)
             {
@@ -502,8 +504,11 @@ namespace xt
             char header_len_le32[4];
             istream.read(header_len_le32, 4);
 
-            uint32_t header_length = uint32_t(header_len_le32[0] << 0) | uint32_t(header_len_le32[1] << 8)
-                                     | uint32_t(header_len_le32[2] << 16) | uint32_t(header_len_le32[3] << 24);
+            uint32_t header_b0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(header_len_le32[0]));
+            uint32_t header_b1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(header_len_le32[1])) << 8;
+            uint32_t header_b2 = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(header_len_le32[2])) << 16;
+            uint32_t header_b3 = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(header_len_le32[3])) << 24;
+            uint32_t header_length = header_b0 | header_b1 | header_b2 | header_b3;
 
             if ((magic_string_length + 2 + 4 + header_length) % 16 != 0)
             {

From d67005490c9722c9fc348df8c61b61e87c21fcf9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 17:09:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 576/606] Fix errors and warnings in the documentation
 generation (#2891)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

The goal of this pullrequest is to fix thee error and warning during the
documentation generation.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst    |  9 +--
 docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst           | 25 +------
 docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst         | 11 +--
 docs/source/api/error_functions.rst           |  9 +--
 docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst     | 15 +---
 docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst      | 19 +----
 docs/source/api/index_related.rst             |  9 +--
 docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst             | 25 +------
 docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst        | 13 +---
 docs/source/api/operators.rst                 | 71 +++----------------
 docs/source/api/power_functions.rst           | 15 +---
 docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst        | 61 +---------------
 docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst   | 15 +---
 docs/source/api/xaccessible.rst               | 16 +++++
 docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst                  |  2 +-
 docs/source/api/xfft.rst                      | 16 +++++
 docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst                | 29 ++------
 docs/source/api/xjson.rst                     |  8 ++-
 docs/source/api/xreducer.rst                  |  7 +-
 docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst            | 22 +++---
 docs/source/api/xview.rst                     |  1 -
 docs/source/build-options.rst                 |  2 +-
 docs/source/dev-build-options.rst             |  2 +-
 docs/source/expression.rst                    |  2 +-
 docs/source/external-structures.rst           |  2 +-
 docs/source/index.rst                         |  2 +-
 docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst       |  4 +-
 docs/source/random.rst                        |  6 +-
 docs/source/related.rst                       | 10 +--
 docs/source/view.rst                          |  6 +-
 include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp      |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp                |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp               |  6 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp             | 10 ++-
 include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp       |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp        |  9 +--
 include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp             |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp           | 10 +++
 include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp        |  8 +--
 include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp       |  5 ++
 include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp                |  4 +-
 .../optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp      |  4 +-
 include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp         |  1 +
 include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp      |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp       |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp         |  6 +-
 46 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 349 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/xaccessible.rst
 create mode 100644 docs/source/api/xfft.rst

diff --git a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
index edcc26909..1842912e1 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/accumulating_functions.rst
@@ -11,10 +11,5 @@ Accumulating functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: cumsum(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: cumsum(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: cumprod(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: cumprod(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
+.. doxygengroup:: acc_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
index c96e34d66..c6e8020b8 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/basic_functions.rst
@@ -11,26 +11,5 @@ Basic functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: abs(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: fabs(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: fmod(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: remainder(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: fma(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: maximum(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: minimum(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: fmax(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: fmin(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: fdim(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: clip(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: sign(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: basic_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
index d170f737b..f39602b2b 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/classif_functions.rst
@@ -11,12 +11,5 @@ Classification functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: isfinite(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: isinf(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: isnan(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: isclose(E1&&, E2&&, double, double, bool)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: allclose(E1&&, E2&, double, double)
+.. doxygengroup:: classif_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
index 7b335e4cc..be2312f08 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/error_functions.rst
@@ -11,10 +11,5 @@ Error and gamma functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: erf(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: erfc(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: tgamma(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: lgamma(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: err_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
index e2202dd67..65caeed74 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/exponential_functions.rst
@@ -11,16 +11,5 @@ Exponential functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: exp(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: exp2(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: expm1(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: log(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: log2(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: log10(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: log1p(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: exp_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
index e7e835104..757c77409 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/hyperbolic_functions.rst
@@ -11,20 +11,5 @@ Hyperbolic functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. _sinh-function-reference:
-.. doxygenfunction:: sinh(E&&)
-
-.. _cosh-function-reference:
-.. doxygenfunction:: cosh(E&&)
-
-.. _tanh-function-reference:
-.. doxygenfunction:: tanh(E&&)
-
-.. _asinh-func-ref:
-.. doxygenfunction:: asinh(E&&)
-
-.. _acosh-func-ref:
-.. doxygenfunction:: acosh(E&&)
-
-.. _atanh-func-ref:
-.. doxygenfunction:: atanh(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: hyper_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
index 7f74c758e..f7de8fdc2 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/index_related.rst
@@ -9,10 +9,7 @@ Index related functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: where(const T&)
+The logical operator group documents the index-producing overloads of
+``xt::where``, ``xt::nonzero`` and ``xt::argwhere``.
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: nonzero(const T&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: argwhere
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: from_indices
+``xt::from_indices`` is documented on the ``xtensor`` API page.
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
index 5b35e5c0f..918039bce 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nan_functions.rst
@@ -11,26 +11,5 @@ NaN functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: nan_to_num(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nanmin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nanmax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nansum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nanmean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nanvar(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nanstd(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nanprod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nancumsum(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nancumsum(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nancumprod(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nancumprod(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
+.. doxygengroup:: nan_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
index c4ba6832c..59dd61d19 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/nearint_operations.rst
@@ -11,14 +11,5 @@ Nearest integer floating point operations
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: ceil(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: floor(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: trunc(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: round(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: nearbyint(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: rint(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: nearint_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/operators.rst b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
index 32a474221..00df9458d 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/operators.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/operators.rst
@@ -9,68 +9,17 @@ Operators and related functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp`` and ``xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator+(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: arithmetic_operators
+   :members:
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator-(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: logical_operators
+   :members:
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator+(E1&&, E2&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: comparison_operators
+   :members:
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator-(E1&&, E2&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: bitwise_operators
+   :members:
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator*(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator/(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator||(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator&&(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator!(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: where(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: any(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: all(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator<(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator<=(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator>(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator>=(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator==(const xexpression<E1>&, const xexpression<E2>&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator!=(const xexpression<E1>&, const xexpression<E2>&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: equal(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: not_equal(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: less(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: less_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: greater(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: greater_equal(E1&& e1, E2&& e2)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator&(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator|(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator^(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator~(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: left_shift(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: right_shift(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator<<(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: operator>>(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: cast(E&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: casting_operators
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
index a11b5ba27..5ac5a1546 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/power_functions.rst
@@ -12,16 +12,5 @@ Power functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: pow(E1&&, E2&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: pow(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: square(E1&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: cube(E1&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: sqrt(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: cbrt(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: hypot(E1&&, E2&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: pow_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
index 223e57a92..89c0baff5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/reducing_functions.rst
@@ -9,62 +9,7 @@ Reducing functions
 
 **xtensor** provides the following reducing functions for xexpressions:
 
-Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp`` and ``xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp``.
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: sum(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: prod(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: mean(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: average(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: variance(E&&, X&&, const D&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: stddev(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: diff(const xexpression<T>&, unsigned int, std::ptrdiff_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: amax(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: amin(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: trapz(const xexpression<T>&, double, std::ptrdiff_t)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: trapz(const xexpression<T>&, const xexpression<E>&, std::ptrdiff_t)
-
-Defined in ``xtensor/reducers/xnorm.hpp``
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_l0(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_l1(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_sq(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_l2(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_linf(E&&, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_lp_to_p(E&&, double, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_lp(E&&, double, X&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_induced_l1(E&&, EVS)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: norm_induced_linf(E&&, EVS)
+.. doxygengroup:: red_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
index 6234470d0..e76d151b5 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/trigonometric_functions.rst
@@ -11,16 +11,5 @@ Trigonometric functions
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/core/xmath.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: sin(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: cos(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: tan(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: asin(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: acos(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: atan(E&&)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: atan2(E1&&, E2&&)
+.. doxygengroup:: trigo_functions
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xaccessible.rst b/docs/source/api/xaccessible.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..237fc029d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/xaccessible.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+xaccessible
+===========
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/core/xaccessible.hpp``
+
+.. doxygenclass:: xt::xconst_accessible
+   :members:
+
+.. doxygenclass:: xt::xaccessible
+   :members:
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst b/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
index db358f88e..b315c3730 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xbuilder.rst
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::empty(const S&)
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::full_like(const xexpression<E>&)
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::full_like(const xexpression<E>&, typename E::value_type)
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::empty_like(const xexpression<E>&)
 
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xfft.rst b/docs/source/api/xfft.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a05766ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/api/xfft.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.. Copyright (c) 2016, Johan Mabille, Sylvain Corlay and Wolf Vollprecht
+
+   Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+   The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software.
+
+xfft
+====
+
+Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp``
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::fft::fft(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::fft::ifft(E&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: xt::fft::convolve(E1&&, E2&&, std::ptrdiff_t)
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
index 71b05c89b..4d1e3e639 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xhistogram.rst
@@ -9,35 +9,14 @@ xhistogram
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::histogram_algorithm
+.. doxygengroup:: digitize
+   :members:
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&, bool)
+.. doxygengroup:: histogram
+   :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::bincount(E1&&, E2&&, std::size_t)
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2&&, E3, E3, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::digitize(E1&&, E2&&, E3&&, bool, bool)
-
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::bin_items(size_t, E&&)
 
-Further overloads
------------------
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, E2&&, bool)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, bool)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2, E2, bool)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2&&, bool)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram(E1&&, std::size_t, E2&&, E3, E3, bool)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2, E2, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, E2&&, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::histogram_bin_edges(E1&&, std::size_t, histogram_algorithm)
-
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::bin_items(size_t, size_t)
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xjson.rst b/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
index 7a11957a5..138c5b9de 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xjson.rst
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ xjson: serialize to/from JSON
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/io/xjson.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::to_json(nlohmann::json&, const E&);
+Available overload families
+---------------------------
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::from_json(const nlohmann::json&, E&);
+- ``xt::to_json(nlohmann::basic_json<M>&, const E&)``
+- ``xt::from_json(const nlohmann::basic_json<M>&, E&)``
+
+``xt::from_json`` is provided for both container and view semantics.
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst b/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
index 85ee2a09a..4e896e099 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xreducer.rst
@@ -12,4 +12,9 @@ Defined in ``xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp``
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xreducer
    :members:
 
-.. doxygenfunction:: xt::reduce(F&&, E&&, X&&, EVS&&)
+Available overload families
+---------------------------
+
+- ``xt::reduce(f, e, axes, options)``
+- ``xt::reduce(f, e, options)``
+- ``xt::reduce(f, e, const I (&axes)[N], options)``
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
index 31b25126c..14ea65cda 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xset_operation.rst
@@ -9,19 +9,13 @@ xset_operation
 
 Defined in ``xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp``
 
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, F&&)
+``xt::searchsorted(a, v, right)`` returns insertion indices for values ``v``
+in the sorted array ``a``.
 
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, F&&)
+Available functions
+-------------------
 
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::searchsorted(E1&&, E2&&, bool)
-
-Further overloads
------------------
-
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, std::initializer_list<T>)
-
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::isin(E&&, I&&, I&&)
-
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, std::initializer_list<T>)
-
-.. doxygenenum:: xt::in1d(E&&, I&&, I&&)
+- ``xt::isin(element, test_elements)``
+- ``xt::in1d(element, test_elements)``
+- ``xt::isin(element, begin, end)``
+- ``xt::in1d(element, begin, end)``
diff --git a/docs/source/api/xview.rst b/docs/source/api/xview.rst
index 9652ea26a..d9e72ad72 100644
--- a/docs/source/api/xview.rst
+++ b/docs/source/api/xview.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ xview
 Defined in ``xtensor/views/xview.hpp``
 
 .. doxygenclass:: xt::xview
-   :members:
 
 .. doxygenfunction:: xt::view
 
diff --git a/docs/source/build-options.rst b/docs/source/build-options.rst
index b076c422b..25e32ceb9 100644
--- a/docs/source/build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/build-options.rst
@@ -120,4 +120,4 @@ Notice that this option prevents building on a machine and distributing the resu
 a different architecture (i.e. not supporting the same instruction set).
 
 .. _xsimd: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xsimd
-.. _tbb: https://www.threadingbuildingblocks.org
+.. _tbb: https://github.com/uxlfoundation/oneTBB
diff --git a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
index 67fbab9a6..c4b12a8fe 100644
--- a/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
+++ b/docs/source/dev-build-options.rst
@@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ You can then build the documentation:
 Type ``make help`` to see the list of available documentation targets.
 
 .. _xsimd: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xsimd
-.. _tbb: https://www.threadingbuildingblocks.org
+.. _tbb: https://github.com/uxlfoundation/oneTBB
diff --git a/docs/source/expression.rst b/docs/source/expression.rst
index 0fec517f7..8aa5d7324 100644
--- a/docs/source/expression.rst
+++ b/docs/source/expression.rst
@@ -232,5 +232,5 @@ Iterators
   :cpp:func:`begin(shape) <xt::xiterator xt::xexpression::begin(xt::xshape)>` and
   :cpp:func:`end(shape) <xiterator xt::xexpression::end(xt::xshape)>`.
 
-.. _NumPy: http://www.numpy.org
+.. _NumPy: https://numpy.org/
 .. _libdynd: http://libdynd.org
diff --git a/docs/source/external-structures.rst b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
index 1eb048138..4d82738f2 100644
--- a/docs/source/external-structures.rst
+++ b/docs/source/external-structures.rst
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Adapting a pointer
 ------------------
 
 Suppose that you want to use the *xtensor* machinery on a small contiguous subset of a large tensor.
-You can, of course, use :ref:`Views`, but for efficiency you can also use pointers to the right bit of memory.
+You can, of course, use :ref:`view-description`, but for efficiency you can also use pointers to the right bit of memory.
 Consider an example of an ``[M, 2, 2]`` tensor ``A``,
 for which you want to operate on ``A[i, :, :]`` for different ``i``.
 In this case the most efficient *xtensor* has to offer is:
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 2aea4cb71..d28e135ea 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ for details.
    related
    bindings
 
-.. _NumPy: http://www.numpy.org
+.. _NumPy: https://numpy.org/
 .. _Buffer Protocol: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/buffer.html
 .. _libdynd: http://libdynd.org
 .. _xtensor-python: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-python
diff --git a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
index 2f25c9f3f..e645cea73 100644
--- a/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
+++ b/docs/source/quickref/chunked_arrays.rst
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ the chunks fit comfortably in memory, but this also allows to process them in
 parallel, including in a distributed environment (although this is not supported
 yet).
 
-Formats for the storage of arrays such as `Zarr <https://zarr.readthedocs.io>`_
+Formats for the storage of arrays such as `Zarr <https://zarr.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_
 specifically target chunked arrays. Such formats are becoming increasingly
 popular in the field of big data, since the chunks can be stored in the cloud.
 
@@ -66,4 +66,4 @@ persistence of data. In particular, they are used as a building block for the
 `xtensor-zarr <https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-zarr>`_ library.
 
 For further details, please refer to the documentation
-of `xtensor-io <https://xtensor-io.readthedocs.io>`_.
+of `xtensor-io <https://xtensor-io.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_.
diff --git a/docs/source/random.rst b/docs/source/random.rst
index 69e51384a..c0f555664 100644
--- a/docs/source/random.rst
+++ b/docs/source/random.rst
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ where :math:`\alpha` is the shape (also known as :math:`k`) and :math:`\beta` th
 .. seealso::
 
     *   :any:`numpy.random.gamma`
-    *   `std::gamma_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/gamma_distribution>`_
-    *   `Weisstein, Eric W. "Gamma Distribution." From MathWorld – A Wolfram Web Resource. <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaDistribution.html>`_
+    *   `std::gamma_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/gamma_distribution.html>`_
+    *   `Weisstein, Eric W. "Gamma Distribution." From MathWorld – A Wolfram Web Resource. <https://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaDistribution.html>`_
     *   `Wikipedia, "Gamma distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution>`_
 
 :cpp:func:`xt::random::weibull`
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Note that you can specify only :math:`a` while choosing the default for :math:`b
 .. seealso::
 
     *   :any:`numpy.random.weibull`
-    *   `std::weibull_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/weibull_distribution>`_
+    *   `std::weibull_distribution <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/weibull_distribution.html>`_
     *   `Wikipedia, "Weibull distribution". <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibull_distribution>`_
 
 :cpp:func:`xt::random::extreme_value`
diff --git a/docs/source/related.rst b/docs/source/related.rst
index 97fa5ab30..60c640272 100644
--- a/docs/source/related.rst
+++ b/docs/source/related.rst
@@ -453,12 +453,12 @@ and also provides a python wrapper based on ``xtensor-python``.
 .. _xtensor-r: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-r
 .. _xtensor-blas: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-blas
 .. _xtensor-io: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-io
-.. _xtensor-fftw: https://github.com/egpbos/xtensor-fftw
-.. _xtensor-ros: https://github.com/wolfv/xtensor_ros
+.. _xtensor-fftw: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-fftw
+.. _xtensor-ros: https://github.com/RoboStack/xtensor-ros
 .. _xsimd: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xsimd
 .. _xtl: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtl
 .. _xframe: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xframe
 .. _z5: https://github.com/constantinpape/z5
-.. _zarr: https://github.com/zarr-developers/zarr
-.. _n5: https://github.com/saalfeldlab/n5i
-.. _xarray: http://xarray.pydata.org
+.. _zarr: https://github.com/zarr-developers/zarr-python
+.. _n5: https://github.com/saalfeldlab/n5
+.. _xarray: https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/
diff --git a/docs/source/view.rst b/docs/source/view.rst
index 5348860b6..95b6365b8 100644
--- a/docs/source/view.rst
+++ b/docs/source/view.rst
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ Since ``xtensor 0.16.3``, a new range syntax can be used with strided views:
     // The previous line is equivalent to
     auto v2 = xt::strided_view(a, {xt::range(0, 1), 1, xt::range(_, 2), xt::range(_, _, -1)});
 
-The :cpp:type:`xt::xstrided_view` is very efficient on contigous memory
-(e.g. :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` or :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`) but less efficient on\
-:cpp:type:`xt::xexpression`s.
+The :cpp:type:`xt::xstrided_view` type is very efficient on contigous memory
+(e.g. :cpp:type:`xt::xtensor` or :cpp:type:`xt::xarray`) but less efficient on
+generic :cpp:type:`xt::xexpression` objects.
 
 Transposed views
 ----------------
diff --git a/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp
index 53a53aba1..dc0c16355 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/chunk/xchunked_array.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     /**
-     * @defgroup xt_xchunked_array
+     * @defgroup xt_xchunked_array Chunked array
      *
      * Chunked array container.
      * Defined in ``xtensor/xchunked_array.hpp``.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
index 231f47312..5ccbc1db9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace xt
 {
 
     /**
-     * @defgroup xt_xeval
+     * @defgroup xt_xeval Evaluation
      *
      * Evaluation functions.
      * Defined in ``xtensor/xeval.hpp``
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
index 28fbe43cc..61650bb87 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Check if an object has a certain shape.
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xshape
-     * @param a an array
+     * @param e an array-like object
      * @param shape the shape to test
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Check if an object has a certain shape.
      *
-     * @ingroup has_shape
-     * @param a an array
+     * @ingroup xt_xshape
+     * @param e an array-like object
      * @param shape the shape to test
      * @return bool
      */
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
index f8735f7e3..d413fcd26 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ namespace xt
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xstrides
      * @param strides Strides of the array.
-     * @param args Array index.
+     * @param arg First array index.
+     * @param args Remaining array indices.
      * @return The flat index.
      */
     template <class offset_type, class S, class Arg, class... Args>
@@ -241,7 +242,8 @@ namespace xt
      * @brief Get strides of an object.
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xstrides
-     * @param a an array
+     * @param e an array
+     * @param type output stride convention
      * @return array
      */
     template <class E>
@@ -285,7 +287,9 @@ namespace xt
      * @brief Get stride of an object along an axis.
      *
      * @ingroup xt_xstrides
-     * @param a an array
+     * @param e an array
+     * @param axis axis along which to query the stride
+     * @param type output stride convention
      * @return integer
      */
     template <class E>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index 8a2f61147..5ba9f7a36 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ namespace xt
      * the same shape, value type and layout as the input xexpression *e*.
      *
      * Note: contrary to zeros(shape), this function returns a non-lazy, allocated container!
-     * Use ``xt::zeros<double>(e.shape());` for a lazy version.
+     * Use ``xt::zeros<double>(e.shape());`` for a lazy version.
      *
      * @param e the xexpression from which to extract shape, value type and layout.
      */
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
index 5e365f667..d43a69876 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
@@ -914,15 +914,16 @@ namespace xt
          *
          * For weighted random sampling with replacement, binary search with cumulative weights alogrithm is
          * used. For weighted random sampling without replacement, the algorithm used is the exponential sort
-         * from [Efraimidis and Spirakis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003) (2006) with the ``weight
-         * / randexp(1)`` [trick](https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162211/https://krlmlr.github.io/wrswoR/)
-         * from Kirill Müller.
+         * from [Efraimidis and Spirakis](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002001900500298X)
+         * (2006) with the ``weight / randexp(1)``
+         * [trick](https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162211/https://krlmlr.github.io/wrswoR/) from Kirill
+         * Müller.
          *
          * Note: this function makes a copy of your data, and only 1D data is accepted.
          *
          * @param e expression to sample from
          * @param n number of elements to sample
-         * @param w expression for the weight distribution.
+         * @param weights expression for the weight distribution.
          *          Weights must be positive and real-valued but need not sum to 1.
          * @param replace set true to sample with replacement
          * @param engine random number engine
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp
index 308218f60..c803bb77c 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xcomplex.hpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace xt
 {
 
     /**
-     * @defgroup xt_xcomplex
+     * @defgroup xt_xcomplex Complex numbers
      *
      * Defined in ``xtensor/xcomplex.hpp``
      */
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp
index b8fdd9da1..a389c4fb9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xhistogram.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ using namespace xt::placeholders;
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup digitize Digitize helpers
+     * @brief Helpers for assigning values to histogram bins.
+     */
+
     /**
      * @ingroup digitize
      * @brief Return the indices of the bins to which each value in input array belongs.
@@ -128,6 +133,11 @@ namespace xt
 
     }  // detail
 
+    /**
+     * @defgroup histogram Histogram functions
+     * @brief Helpers for computing histograms and histogram bin edges.
+     */
+
     /**
      * @ingroup histogram
      * @brief Compute the histogram of a set of data.
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index f100744ac..2d540539b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     /**
-     * @defgroup xt_xmanipulation
+     * @defgroup xt_xmanipulation Array manipulation
      */
 
     namespace check_policy
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements.
      *     @p repeats is broadcasted to fit the shape of the given @p axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
-     * @return an expression which as the same shape as \ref e, except along the given \ref axis
+     * @return an expression with the same shape as ``e``, except along the given ``axis``
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto repeat(E&& e, std::size_t repeats, std::size_t axis)
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ namespace xt
      *     The size of @p repeats must match the shape of the given @p axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
      *
-     * @return an expression which as the same shape as \ref e, except along the given \ref axis
+     * @return an expression with the same shape as ``e``, except along the given ``axis``
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto repeat(E&& e, const std::vector<std::size_t>& repeats, std::size_t axis)
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param repeats The number of repetition of each elements.
      *     The size of @p repeats must match the shape of the given @p axis.
      * @param axis the axis along which to repeat the value
-     * @return an expression which as the same shape as \ref e, except along the given \ref axis
+     * @return an expression with the same shape as ``e``, except along the given ``axis``
      */
     template <class E>
     inline auto repeat(E&& e, std::vector<std::size_t>&& repeats, std::size_t axis)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
index 94b7e23a7..35c564a37 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
+    /**
+     * @defgroup searchsorted Searchsorted helpers
+     * @brief Helpers for locating insertion indices in sorted arrays.
+     */
+
 
     namespace detail
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
index aa9ea4cfa..196ec45cd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xsort.hpp
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param kth_container a container of ``indices`` that should contain the correctly sorted value
-     * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before
+     * @param ax placeholder indicating that the input is flattened before sorting
      * sorting
      *
      * @return partially sorted xcontainer
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @ingroup xt_xsort
      * @param e input xexpression
      * @param kth_container a container of ``indices`` that should contain the correctly sorted value
-     * @param axis either integer (default = -1) to sort along last axis or ``xnone()`` to flatten before
+     * @param axis placeholder indicating that the input is flattened before sorting
      * sorting
      *
      * @return xcontainer with indices of partial sort of input
diff --git a/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
index 3f60cc359..5df618f0b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly_base.hpp
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position
      * of the underlying storage in the optional assembly.
-     * @param index index to underlying flat storage.
+     * @param i index to underlying flat storage.
      */
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::flat(size_type i) -> reference
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Returns a constant reference to the element at the specified position
      * of the underlying storage in the optional assembly.
-     * @param index index to underlying flat storage.
+     * @param i index to underlying flat storage.
      */
     template <class D>
     inline auto xoptional_assembly_base<D>::flat(size_type i) const -> const_reference
diff --git a/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
index 3cf8ec76f..0e5ef9992 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
@@ -1400,6 +1400,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param func the function to apply
      * @param e the expression to reduce
      * @param axes the axes along which the reduction is performed
+     * @param options reducer options controlling evaluation strategy and related settings
      */
     template <class F, class CT, class X, class O>
     template <class Func, class CTA, class AX, class OX>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
index 41da6822f..2b54748d4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xaxis_iterator.hpp
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Checks equality of the xaxis_slice_iterator and \c rhs.
      *
-     * @param
+     * @param rhs iterator to compare with
      * @return true if the iterators are equivalent, false otherwise
      */
     template <class CT>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 9f2daf712..1c76a91b5 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 namespace xt
 {
     /**
-     * @defgroup xt_xfunctor_view
+     * @defgroup xt_xfunctor_view Functor view
      *
      * Chunked array container.
      * Defined in ``xtensor/xfunctor_view.hpp``
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
index 8b911afb8..e41add4cb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -505,7 +505,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position in the xindex_view.
      * @param first iterator starting the sequence of indices
-     * The number of indices in the sequence should be equal to or greater 1.
+     * @param last iterator ending the sequence of indices (not used, only for compatibility with xexpression
+     * operator()) The number of indices in the sequence should be equal to or greater 1.
      */
     template <class CT, class I>
     template <class It>
@@ -517,7 +518,8 @@ namespace xt
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the element at the specified position in the xindex_view.
      * @param first iterator starting the sequence of indices
-     * The number of indices in the sequence should be equal to or greater 1.
+     * @param last iterator ending the sequence of indices (not used, only for compatibility with xexpression
+     * operator()) The number of indices in the sequence should be equal to or greater 1.
      */
     template <class CT, class I>
     template <class It>

From 4a213a6d0ae269ddde13b6dc74442cc461c45ed9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SamareshSingh <97642706+ssam18@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 10:45:54 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 577/606] docs: Add warning about dangling references with lazy
 reducers (fixes #2871) (#2882)

This PR addresses GitHub issue #2871 where using auto with xtensor
reducer functions (like amax, sum with keep_dims) causes crashes or
incorrect results in optimized builds, particularly on Android ARM64.

**Root Cause:** Lazy expressions hold references to local variables.
When intermediate results are stored with auto, these references become
dangling when the function returns, leading to undefined behavior.

**Changes:**
- docs/source/pitfall.rst: Added detailed warning section explaining the
issue and providing three solutions:
  1. Use explicit container types (xt::xtensor<T, N>)
  2. Use xt::eval() to force immediate evaluation
  3. Use evaluation_strategy::immediate with reducers
- test/test_xmath.cpp: Added test demonstrating correct patterns

**Testing:**
- All 83 xmath tests pass
- All 64 xreducer tests pass

Fixes #2871
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml |  1 +
 docs/source/pitfall.rst | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xmath.cpp     | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 87 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 6e33ed170..bfc98b9cf 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ repos:
     args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
     types: [file]
     files: \.(yaml|yml|clang-format)
+    additional_dependencies: [setuptools]
 - repo: https://github.com/tdegeus/cpp_comment_format
   rev: v0.2.1
   hooks:
diff --git a/docs/source/pitfall.rst b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
index 0c404007f..b9e40a2a3 100644
--- a/docs/source/pitfall.rst
+++ b/docs/source/pitfall.rst
@@ -70,6 +70,45 @@ in the returned expression.
 Replacing ``auto tmp`` with ``xt::xarray<double> tmp`` does not change anything, ``tmp``
 is still an lvalue and thus captured by reference.
 
+.. warning::
+
+    This issue is particularly subtle with reducer functions like :cpp:func:`xt::amax`,
+    :cpp:func:`xt::sum`, etc. Consider the following function:
+
+    .. code::
+
+        template <typename T>
+        xt::xtensor<T, 2> logSoftmax(const xt::xtensor<T, 2> &matrix)
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<T, 2> maxVals = xt::amax(matrix, {1}, xt::keep_dims);
+            auto shifted = matrix - maxVals;
+            auto expVals = xt::exp(shifted);
+            auto sumExp = xt::sum(expVals, {1}, xt::keep_dims);
+            return shifted - xt::log(sumExp);
+        }
+
+    This function may produce incorrect results or crash, especially in optimized builds.
+    The issue is that ``shifted``, ``expVals``, and ``sumExp`` are all lazy expressions
+    that hold references to local variables. When the function returns, these local
+    variables are destroyed, and the returned expression contains dangling references.
+
+    The fix is to evaluate reducer results and the returned expression explicitly.
+    Element-wise lazy expressions (like ``shifted`` and ``expVals``) are safe to
+    leave as ``auto``, but reducer results (like ``sumExp``) must be materialized
+    before being used in a subsequent element-wise expression:
+
+    .. code::
+
+        template <typename T>
+        xt::xtensor<T, 2> logSoftmax(const xt::xtensor<T, 2> &matrix)
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<T, 2> maxVals = xt::amax(matrix, {1}, xt::keep_dims);
+            auto shifted = matrix - maxVals;
+            auto expVals = xt::exp(shifted);
+            xt::xtensor<T, 2> sumExp = xt::sum(expVals, {1}, xt::keep_dims);
+            return xt::xtensor<T, 2>(shifted - xt::log(sumExp));
+        }
+
 Random numbers not consistent
 -----------------------------
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 17bc57895..8f56e93b9 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -969,4 +969,51 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(expected, unwrapped));
         }
     }
+
+    // Test for GitHub issue #2871: Proper handling of intermediate results
+    // This test documents the correct way to use reducers with keep_dims
+    // when intermediate expressions are needed.
+    TEST(xmath, issue_2871_intermediate_result_handling)
+    {
+        // This test verifies the correct pattern for using reducers with
+        // intermediate results. Returning a lazy expression from a function can lead
+        // to dangling references — only the returned expression must be evaluated.
+
+        // The CORRECT way: reducer results must be evaluated; element-wise lazy
+        // expressions are safe to leave as auto
+        auto logSoftmax_correct = [](const xt::xtensor<double, 2>& matrix)
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<double, 2> maxVals = xt::amax(matrix, {1}, xt::keep_dims);
+            auto shifted = matrix - maxVals;
+            auto expVals = xt::exp(shifted);
+            xt::xtensor<double, 2> sumExp = xt::sum(expVals, {1}, xt::keep_dims);
+            return xt::xtensor<double, 2>(shifted - xt::log(sumExp));
+        };
+
+        // Alternative CORRECT way: use xt::eval for reducer results
+        auto logSoftmax_eval = [](const xt::xtensor<double, 2>& matrix)
+        {
+            auto maxVals = xt::eval(xt::amax(matrix, {1}, xt::keep_dims));
+            auto shifted = matrix - maxVals;
+            auto expVals = xt::exp(shifted);
+            auto sumExp = xt::eval(xt::sum(expVals, {1}, xt::keep_dims));
+            return xt::xtensor<double, 2>(shifted - xt::log(sumExp));
+        };
+
+        // Test data
+        xt::xtensor<double, 2> input = {{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, {4.0, 5.0, 6.0}};
+
+        // Both implementations should produce the same result
+        auto result1 = logSoftmax_correct(input);
+        auto result2 = logSoftmax_eval(input);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(result1, result2));
+
+        // Verify the result is a valid log-softmax (rows sum to 0 in log space)
+        // exp(log_softmax).sum(axis=1) should equal 1
+        auto exp_result = xt::exp(result1);
+        auto row_sums = xt::sum(exp_result, {1});
+        xt::xtensor<double, 1> expected_sums = {1.0, 1.0};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(xt::allclose(row_sums, expected_sums));
+    }
 }

From 92c873e1d369564656c250305bffaa05605806ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2026 17:11:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 578/606] Remove unused standard includes (#2894)

Commit generated through diskarzhan.
With ci added to prevent regression.
---
 .github/workflows/static-analysis.yml                    | 8 ++++++++
 include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp                    | 1 -
 include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp                | 2 --
 include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp                    | 1 -
 include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp                   | 1 -
 include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp                     | 2 --
 include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp                       | 1 -
 include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp                       | 1 -
 include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp                      | 1 -
 include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp                          | 3 ---
 include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp                | 2 --
 include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp                               | 1 -
 include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp                              | 3 ---
 include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp                  | 1 -
 include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp | 3 ---
 include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp                    | 1 -
 include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp                     | 1 -
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp                         | 2 --
 include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp                   | 2 ++
 include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp                     | 2 --
 include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp                    | 1 -
 include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp                  | 1 -
 22 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
index 5441a3371..e3204614b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
@@ -12,3 +12,11 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
     - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
+
+  include-check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Check unused standard includes
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - run: pip install diskarzhan
+    - run: diskarzhan `find include -name '*.hpp'`
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp
index 7455b8854..7f27bd296 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #define XTENSOR_ARRAY_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <initializer_list>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
index 70ebaa798..bfaf54b5a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@
 #define XTENSOR_CONTAINER_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
-#include <numeric>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
index 6ac029881..25c9c747d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
index 9464f4721..4a9c01081 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <utility>
 
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
index 1f8c98194..9b133315d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_HPP
 
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
index 200a35d47..ffc411a15 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <iterator>
-#include <numeric>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
index ca3faef21..6dcb9c9e1 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <numeric>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include <xtl/xcompare.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xiterator_base.hpp>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
index 533ad6513..76bfc7c50 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xoperation.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #define XTENSOR_OPERATION_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
index 61650bb87..6988e69f3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
@@ -11,13 +11,10 @@
 #define XTENSOR_XSHAPE_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cassert>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <iterator>
-#include <memory>
 
 #include "../containers/xstorage.hpp"
 #include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
index f4dfc191f..66922c5be 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <numeric>
-#include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
index 345edc4d4..fbc0cd3a0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iostream>
-#include <numeric>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
index 61739cfe0..ef517f068 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xnpy.hpp
@@ -17,15 +17,12 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <complex>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <fstream>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
 #include <regex>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
-#include <typeinfo>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <xtl/xplatform.hpp>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
index 35c564a37..2a29a6b12 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #define XTENSOR_XSET_OPERATION_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
index 4ac9e649d..d6216b2da 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xblockwise_reducer_functors.hpp
@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@
 #define XTENSOR_XBLOCKWISE_REDUCER_FUNCTORS_HPP
 
 
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
 #include <tuple>
-#include <typeinfo>
 
 #include "../chunk/xchunked_array.hpp"
 #include "../chunk/xchunked_assign.hpp"
diff --git a/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
index 0e5ef9992..e99522b5e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/reducers/xreducer.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <initializer_list>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <tuple>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp
index 10a75d190..025836ce2 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xexception.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EXCEPTION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EXCEPTION_HPP
 
-#include <iostream>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 2e97f67db..5a3e2af14 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <complex>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <iostream>
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
index 672cb2207..84685f28a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_INDEX_MAPPER_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_INDEX_MAPPER_HPP
 
+#include <cassert>
+
 #include "xview.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
index 1626faaa3..d3034222f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <numeric>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
index e41add4cb..6701d3bf3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xindex_view.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
index f0fda4214..aa84b20a7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <variant>

From 8e747494cf9ca118a763e315875c00b55b13e35f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 17:28:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 579/606] Removed constexpr workarounds (#2895)

This workaround is for old compilers not supported anymore.
Edit: `XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC` is still required on Windows.
---
 include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp | 16 ++++-----
 include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp     | 26 +++++++-------
 include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp    |  8 ++---
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp   | 22 ++++--------
 include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp        |  8 ++---
 include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp   |  5 ---
 include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp      |  8 ++---
 include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp          | 44 +++++++++--------------
 8 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
index bfaf54b5a..a2ab4fd0d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ namespace xt
 
         size_type size() const noexcept;
 
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN size_type dimension() const noexcept;
+        constexpr size_type dimension() const noexcept;
 
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_strides_type& strides() const noexcept;
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_backstrides_type& backstrides() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_shape_type& shape() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_strides_type& strides() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_backstrides_type& backstrides() const noexcept;
 
         template <class T>
         void fill(const T& value);
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns the number of dimensions of the container.
      */
     template <class D>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xcontainer<D>::dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
+    constexpr auto xcontainer<D>::dimension() const noexcept -> size_type
     {
         return shape().size();
     }
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns the shape of the container.
      */
     template <class D>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xcontainer<D>::shape() const noexcept -> const inner_shape_type&
+    constexpr auto xcontainer<D>::shape() const noexcept -> const inner_shape_type&
     {
         return derived_cast().shape_impl();
     }
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns the strides of the container.
      */
     template <class D>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xcontainer<D>::strides() const noexcept -> const inner_strides_type&
+    constexpr auto xcontainer<D>::strides() const noexcept -> const inner_strides_type&
     {
         return derived_cast().strides_impl();
     }
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ namespace xt
      * Returns the backstrides of the container.
      */
     template <class D>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xcontainer<D>::backstrides() const noexcept -> const inner_backstrides_type&
+    constexpr auto xcontainer<D>::backstrides() const noexcept -> const inner_backstrides_type&
     {
         return derived_cast().backstrides_impl();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
index 25c9c747d..54270caa7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
@@ -373,9 +373,9 @@ namespace xt
         storage_type& storage_impl() noexcept;
         const storage_type& storage_impl() const noexcept;
 
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_shape_type& shape_impl() const noexcept;
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_strides_type& strides_impl() const noexcept;
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_backstrides_type& backstrides_impl() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_shape_type& shape_impl() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_strides_type& strides_impl() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_backstrides_type& backstrides_impl() const noexcept;
 
         friend class xcontainer<xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>>;
     };
@@ -495,9 +495,9 @@ namespace xt
         storage_type& storage_impl() noexcept;
         const storage_type& storage_impl() const noexcept;
 
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_shape_type& shape_impl() const noexcept;
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_strides_type& strides_impl() const noexcept;
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN const inner_backstrides_type& backstrides_impl() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_shape_type& shape_impl() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_strides_type& strides_impl() const noexcept;
+        constexpr const inner_backstrides_type& backstrides_impl() const noexcept;
 
         friend class xcontainer<xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>>;
     };
@@ -740,21 +740,20 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept
-        -> const inner_shape_type&
+    constexpr auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_shape_type&
     {
         return m_shape;
     }
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept
+    constexpr auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept
         -> const inner_strides_type&
     {
         return m_strides;
     }
 
     template <class ET, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept
+    constexpr auto xfixed_container<ET, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept
         -> const inner_backstrides_type&
     {
         return m_backstrides;
@@ -937,21 +936,20 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept
-        -> const inner_shape_type&
+    constexpr auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::shape_impl() const noexcept -> const inner_shape_type&
     {
         return m_shape;
     }
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept
+    constexpr auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::strides_impl() const noexcept
         -> const inner_strides_type&
     {
         return m_strides;
     }
 
     template <class EC, class S, layout_type L, bool SH, class Tag>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept
+    constexpr auto xfixed_adaptor<EC, S, L, SH, Tag>::backstrides_impl() const noexcept
         -> const inner_backstrides_type&
     {
         return m_backstrides;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
index 4a9c01081..106a65923 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xscalar.hpp
@@ -466,25 +466,25 @@ namespace xt
      *****************************/
 
     template <class CT>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_begin())
+    constexpr auto linear_begin(xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_begin())
     {
         return c.dummy_begin();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_end())
+    constexpr auto linear_end(xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_end())
     {
         return c.dummy_end();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(const xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_begin())
+    constexpr auto linear_begin(const xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_begin())
     {
         return c.dummy_begin();
     }
 
     template <class CT>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(const xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_end())
+    constexpr auto linear_end(const xscalar<CT>& c) noexcept -> decltype(c.dummy_end())
     {
         return c.dummy_end();
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index 811ab80b7..426480805 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1658,13 +1658,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
     public:
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-        using cast_type = std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(X)>;
-#define XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR inline
-#else
         using cast_type = const_array<std::size_t, sizeof...(X)>;
-#define XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR constexpr
-#endif
         using value_type = std::size_t;
         using size_type = std::size_t;
         using const_iterator = typename cast_type::const_iterator;
@@ -1681,17 +1675,17 @@ namespace xt
             return std::get<idx>(tmp_cast_type{X...});
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR operator cast_type() const
+        constexpr operator cast_type() const
         {
             return cast_type({X...});
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR auto begin() const
+        constexpr auto begin() const
         {
             return m_array.begin();
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR auto end() const
+        constexpr auto end() const
         {
             return m_array.end();
         }
@@ -1706,22 +1700,22 @@ namespace xt
             return m_array.rend();
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR auto cbegin() const
+        constexpr auto cbegin() const
         {
             return m_array.cbegin();
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR auto cend() const
+        constexpr auto cend() const
         {
             return m_array.cend();
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR std::size_t operator[](std::size_t idx) const
+        constexpr std::size_t operator[](std::size_t idx) const
         {
             return m_array[idx];
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR bool empty() const
+        constexpr bool empty() const
         {
             return sizeof...(X) == 0;
         }
@@ -1731,8 +1725,6 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC cast_type m_array = cast_type({X...});
     };
 
-#undef XTENSOR_FIXED_SHAPE_CONSTEXPR
-
     template <class E, std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t End = -1>
     class sequence_view
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
index 6dcb9c9e1..448f6093d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterator.hpp
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(C& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_begin(C& c) noexcept
     {
         if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
         {
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(C& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_end(C& c) noexcept
     {
         if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
         {
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(const C& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_begin(const C& c) noexcept
     {
         if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
         {
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class C>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(const C& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_end(const C& c) noexcept
     {
         if constexpr (detail::has_linear_iterator<C>::value)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
index 6a74112df..959a3b2a4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xtensor_config.hpp
@@ -35,17 +35,12 @@
 
 // Workaround for some missing constexpr functionality in MSVC 2015 and MSVC 2017 x86
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED const
 // The following must not be defined to const, otherwise
 // it prevents generation of copy operators of classes
 // containing XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC members
 #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC
-#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN inline
 #else
-#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED constexpr
-#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN constexpr
 #define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED_STATIC constexpr static
-#define XTENSOR_HAS_CONSTEXPR_ENHANCED
 #endif
 
 #ifndef XTENSOR_DEFAULT_DATA_CONTAINER
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
index d3034222f..68b11d443 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -96,25 +96,25 @@ namespace xt
      *****************************/
 
     template <class CT, class X>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_begin(xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
     {
         return linear_begin(c.expression());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class X>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_end(xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
     {
         return linear_end(c.expression());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class X>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_begin(const xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_begin(const xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
     {
         return linear_begin(c.expression());
     }
 
     template <class CT, class X>
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR_RETURN auto linear_end(const xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
+    constexpr auto linear_end(const xbroadcast<CT, X>& c) noexcept
     {
         return linear_end(c.expression());
     }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index a7a4dae6e..7b6856415 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -21,16 +21,6 @@
 #include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 #include "../utils/xutils.hpp"
 
-#ifndef XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR
-#if (defined(_MSC_VER) || __GNUC__ < 8)
-#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR inline
-#define XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR static const
-#else
-#define XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR constexpr
-#define XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR constexpr
-#endif
-#endif
-
 namespace xt
 {
 
@@ -70,11 +60,11 @@ namespace xt
      * slice tags *
      **************/
 
-#define DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(NAME)                 \
-    template <class T>                              \
-    XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR NAME convert() const noexcept \
-    {                                               \
-        return NAME();                              \
+#define DEFINE_TAG_CONVERSION(NAME)         \
+    template <class T>                      \
+    constexpr NAME convert() const noexcept \
+    {                                       \
+        return NAME();                      \
     }
 
     struct xall_tag
@@ -642,12 +632,12 @@ namespace xt
             std::ptrdiff_t rng[3];  // = { 0, 0, 0 };
         };
 
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR xtuph get_tuph_or_val(std::ptrdiff_t /*val*/, std::true_type)
+        constexpr xtuph get_tuph_or_val(std::ptrdiff_t /*val*/, std::true_type)
         {
             return xtuph();
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR std::ptrdiff_t get_tuph_or_val(std::ptrdiff_t val, std::false_type)
+        constexpr std::ptrdiff_t get_tuph_or_val(std::ptrdiff_t val, std::false_type)
         {
             return val;
         }
@@ -655,7 +645,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class A, class B, class C>
         struct rangemaker<A, B, C>
         {
-            XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR operator xrange_adaptor<A, B, C>()
+            constexpr operator xrange_adaptor<A, B, C>()
             {
                 return xrange_adaptor<A, B, C>(
                     {get_tuph_or_val(rng[0], std::is_same<A, xtuph>()),
@@ -670,7 +660,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class A, class B>
         struct rangemaker<A, B>
         {
-            XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR operator xrange_adaptor<A, B, xt::placeholders::xtuph>()
+            constexpr operator xrange_adaptor<A, B, xt::placeholders::xtuph>()
             {
                 return xrange_adaptor<A, B, xt::placeholders::xtuph>(
                     {get_tuph_or_val(rng[0], std::is_same<A, xtuph>()),
@@ -683,7 +673,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class... OA>
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR auto operator|(const rangemaker<OA...>& rng, const std::ptrdiff_t& t)
+        constexpr auto operator|(const rangemaker<OA...>& rng, const std::ptrdiff_t& t)
         {
             auto nrng = rangemaker<OA..., std::ptrdiff_t>({rng.rng[0], rng.rng[1], rng.rng[2]});
             nrng.rng[sizeof...(OA)] = t;
@@ -691,17 +681,17 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class... OA>
-        XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR auto operator|(const rangemaker<OA...>& rng, const xt::placeholders::xtuph& /*t*/)
+        constexpr auto operator|(const rangemaker<OA...>& rng, const xt::placeholders::xtuph& /*t*/)
         {
             auto nrng = rangemaker<OA..., xt::placeholders::xtuph>({rng.rng[0], rng.rng[1], rng.rng[2]});
             return nrng;
         }
 
-        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xtuph _{};
-        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR rangemaker<> _r = rangemaker<>({{0, 0, 0}});
-        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xall_tag _a{};
-        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xnewaxis_tag _n{};
-        XTENSOR_GLOBAL_CONSTEXPR xellipsis_tag _e{};
+        constexpr xtuph _{};
+        constexpr rangemaker<> _r = rangemaker<>({{0, 0, 0}});
+        constexpr xall_tag _a{};
+        constexpr xnewaxis_tag _n{};
+        constexpr xellipsis_tag _e{};
     }
 
     inline auto xnone()
@@ -1598,6 +1588,4 @@ namespace xt
     }
 }
 
-#undef XTENSOR_CONSTEXPR
-
 #endif

From ff10a8504f990537597e8f5ba834fbfedd5ef65a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 10:19:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 580/606] Removed workaround for GCC4 (#2898)

---
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp | 66 -------------------------
 1 file changed, 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index 426480805..af96f002b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1437,49 +1437,6 @@ namespace xt
 #define XTENSOR_CONST const
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5 && !defined(__clang__)
-#define GCC4_FALLBACK
-
-    namespace const_array_detail
-    {
-        template <class T, std::size_t N>
-        struct array_traits
-        {
-            using storage_type = T[N];
-
-            static constexpr T& ref(const storage_type& t, std::size_t n) noexcept
-            {
-                return const_cast<T&>(t[n]);
-            }
-
-            static constexpr T* ptr(const storage_type& t) noexcept
-            {
-                return const_cast<T*>(t);
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <class T>
-        struct array_traits<T, 0>
-        {
-            struct empty
-            {
-            };
-
-            using storage_type = empty;
-
-            static constexpr T& ref(const storage_type& /*t*/, std::size_t /*n*/) noexcept
-            {
-                return *static_cast<T*>(nullptr);
-            }
-
-            static constexpr T* ptr(const storage_type& /*t*/) noexcept
-            {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-        };
-    }
-#endif
-
     /**
      * A std::array like class with all member function (except reverse iterators)
      * as constexpr. The data is immutable once set.
@@ -1502,11 +1459,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         constexpr const_reference operator[](std::size_t idx) const
         {
-#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
-            return const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, idx);
-#else
             return m_data[idx];
-#endif
         }
 
         constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept
@@ -1552,30 +1505,17 @@ namespace xt
 
         constexpr const_pointer data() const noexcept
         {
-#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
-            return const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ptr(m_data);
-#else
             return m_data;
-#endif
         }
 
         constexpr const_reference front() const noexcept
         {
-#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
-            return const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, 0);
-#else
             return m_data[0];
-#endif
         }
 
         constexpr const_reference back() const noexcept
         {
-#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
-            return N ? const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, N - 1)
-                     : const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::ref(m_data, 0);
-#else
             return m_data[size() - 1];
-#endif
         }
 
         constexpr bool empty() const noexcept
@@ -1588,15 +1528,9 @@ namespace xt
             return N;
         }
 
-#ifdef GCC4_FALLBACK
-        XTENSOR_CONST typename const_array_detail::array_traits<T, N>::storage_type m_data;
-#else
         XTENSOR_CONST T m_data[N > 0 ? N : 1];
-#endif
     };
 
-#undef GCC4_FALLBACK
-
     template <class T, std::size_t N>
     inline bool operator==(const const_array<T, N>& lhs, const const_array<T, N>& rhs)
     {

From 61cebfe682cd0bf22eb92fc7553f079449cf7db5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 17:55:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 581/606] Removed workaround for old compilers and old C++
 standards (#2902)

---
 include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp   |  5 ---
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp |  4 ---
 include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp      | 16 ---------
 include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp          | 35 -------------------
 include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp     |  5 ---
 include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp |  7 ----
 include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp            | 46 ++++---------------------
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp        | 14 +++-----
 test/test_xdatesupport.cpp              |  3 --
 test/test_xfunction.cpp                 |  9 -----
 test/test_xutils.cpp                    |  4 ---
 11 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 137 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
index 54270caa7..e1b02867d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp
@@ -256,12 +256,7 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_backstrides_type = backstrides_type;
 
         // NOTE: 0D (S::size() == 0) results in storage for 1 element (scalar)
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910 && !defined(_WIN64)
-        // WORKAROUND FOR MSVC 2015 32 bit, fallback to unaligned container for 0D scalar case
-        using storage_type = std::array<ET, detail::fixed_compute_size<S>::value>;
-#else
         using storage_type = aligned_array<ET, detail::fixed_compute_size<S>::value>;
-#endif
 
         using reference = typename storage_type::reference;
         using const_reference = typename storage_type::const_reference;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index af96f002b..62b2e4a35 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -649,13 +649,9 @@ namespace xt
         using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
         using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
-        static constexpr std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value;
-#else
         static constexpr std::size_t alignment = detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value != 0
                                                      ? detail::allocator_alignment<A>::value
                                                      : alignof(T);
-#endif
 
         svector() noexcept;
         ~svector();
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
index d0caf9d6f..14d386207 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
@@ -322,21 +322,6 @@ namespace xt
 
         static constexpr layout_type static_layout = inner_types::layout;
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910
-        // Workaround for compiler bug in Visual Studio 2017 with respect to alias templates with non-type
-        // parameters.
-        template <layout_type L>
-        using layout_iterator = xiterator<typename iterable_base::stepper, typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type*, L>;
-        template <layout_type L>
-        using const_layout_iterator = xiterator<
-            typename iterable_base::const_stepper,
-            typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type*,
-            L>;
-        template <layout_type L>
-        using reverse_layout_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<layout_iterator<L>>;
-        template <layout_type L>
-        using const_reverse_layout_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_layout_iterator<L>>;
-#else
         template <layout_type L>
         using layout_iterator = typename iterable_base::template layout_iterator<L>;
         template <layout_type L>
@@ -345,7 +330,6 @@ namespace xt
         using reverse_layout_iterator = typename iterable_base::template reverse_layout_iterator<L>;
         template <layout_type L>
         using const_reverse_layout_iterator = typename iterable_base::template const_reverse_layout_iterator<L>;
-#endif
 
         template <class S, layout_type L>
         using broadcast_iterator = typename iterable_base::template broadcast_iterator<S, L>;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
index 77f864929..315e13a82 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
@@ -1088,31 +1088,6 @@ namespace xt
         return xfunction_type(detail::lambda_adapt<F>(std::forward<F>(lambda)), std::forward<E>(args)...);
     }
 
-// Workaround for MSVC 2015 & GCC 4.9
-#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910) || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5)
-#define XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
-#endif
-
-#ifdef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
-    struct square_fct
-    {
-        template <class T>
-        auto operator()(T x) const -> decltype(x * x)
-        {
-            return x * x;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct cube_fct
-    {
-        template <class T>
-        auto operator()(T x) const -> decltype(x * x * x)
-        {
-            return x * x * x;
-        }
-    };
-#endif
-
     /**
      * @ingroup pow_functions
      * @brief Square power function, equivalent to e1 * e1.
@@ -1125,15 +1100,11 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1>
     inline auto square(E1&& e1) noexcept
     {
-#ifdef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
-        return make_lambda_xfunction(square_fct{}, std::forward<E1>(e1));
-#else
         auto fnct = [](auto x) -> decltype(x * x)
         {
             return x * x;
         };
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(fnct), std::forward<E1>(e1));
-#endif
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1148,19 +1119,13 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1>
     inline auto cube(E1&& e1) noexcept
     {
-#ifdef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
-        return make_lambda_xfunction(cube_fct{}, std::forward<E1>(e1));
-#else
         auto fnct = [](auto x) -> decltype(x * x * x)
         {
             return x * x * x;
         };
         return make_lambda_xfunction(std::move(fnct), std::forward<E1>(e1));
-#endif
     }
 
-#undef XTENSOR_DISABLE_LAMBDA_FCT
-
     namespace detail
     {
         // Thanks to Matt Pharr in http://pbrt.org/hair.pdf
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp
index 053d7c92b..edd199021 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp
@@ -54,14 +54,9 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class R, class... Args>
     xvectorizer<F, R> vectorize(F&& f, R (*)(Args...));
 
-// Workaround for Visual Studio 15.7.1.
-// Error C2668 (ambiguous call to overloaded function) mistaking a declarations
-// for the definition of another overload.
-#ifndef _MSC_VER
     template <class F>
     auto vectorize(F&& f)
         -> decltype(vectorize(std::forward<F>(f), std::declval<detail::get_function_type<F>*>()));
-#endif
 
     /******************************
      * xvectorizer implementation *
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index 5ba9f7a36..d6bb27d31 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -954,17 +954,10 @@ namespace xt
         template <std::size_t... I, class... E>
         inline auto meshgrid_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, E&&... e) noexcept
         {
-#if defined _MSC_VER
-            const std::array<std::size_t, sizeof...(E)> shape = {e.shape()[0]...};
-            return std::make_tuple(
-                detail::make_xgenerator(detail::repeat_impl<xclosure_t<E>>(std::forward<E>(e), I), shape)...
-            );
-#else
             return std::make_tuple(detail::make_xgenerator(
                 detail::repeat_impl<xclosure_t<E>>(std::forward<E>(e), I),
                 {e.shape()[0]...}
             )...);
-#endif
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp
index f78cc3c76..478569cc7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xinfo.hpp
@@ -14,49 +14,21 @@
 
 #include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
 
-#ifndef _MSC_VER
-#if __cplusplus < 201103
-#define CONSTEXPR11_TN
-#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#define NOEXCEPT_TN
-#elif __cplusplus < 201402
-#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#else
-#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#define CONSTEXPR14_TN constexpr
-#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#endif
-#else  // _MSC_VER
-#if _MSC_VER < 1900
-#define CONSTEXPR11_TN
-#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#define NOEXCEPT_TN
-#elif _MSC_VER < 2000
-#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#define CONSTEXPR14_TN
-#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#else
-#define CONSTEXPR11_TN constexpr
-#define CONSTEXPR14_TN constexpr
-#define NOEXCEPT_TN noexcept
-#endif
-#endif
-
 namespace xt
 {
     // see http://stackoverflow.com/a/20170989
     struct static_string
     {
         template <std::size_t N>
-        explicit CONSTEXPR11_TN static_string(const char (&a)[N]) NOEXCEPT_TN : data(a),
-                                                                                size(N - 1)
+        explicit constexpr static_string(const char (&a)[N]) noexcept
+            : data(a)
+            , size(N - 1)
         {
         }
 
-        CONSTEXPR11_TN static_string(const char* a, const std::size_t sz) NOEXCEPT_TN : data(a),
-                                                                                        size(sz)
+        constexpr static_string(const char* a, const std::size_t sz) noexcept
+            : data(a)
+            , size(sz)
         {
         }
 
@@ -65,18 +37,14 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class T>
-    CONSTEXPR14_TN static_string type_name()
+    constexpr static_string type_name()
     {
 #ifdef __clang__
         static_string p(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
         return static_string(p.data + 39, p.size - 39 - 1);
 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
         static_string p(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
-#if __cplusplus < 201402
-        return static_string(p.data + 36, p.size - 36 - 1);
-#else
         return static_string(p.data + 54, p.size - 54 - 1);
-#endif
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
         static const static_string p(__FUNCSIG__);
         return static_string(p.data + 47, p.size - 47 - 7);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index 5a3e2af14..ca9fb0942 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -28,12 +28,6 @@
 
 #include "../core/xtensor_config.hpp"
 
-#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910)
-#define NOEXCEPT(T)
-#else
-#define NOEXCEPT(T) noexcept(T)
-#endif
-
 namespace xt
 {
     /****************
@@ -53,7 +47,7 @@ namespace xt
     constexpr decltype(auto) argument(Args&&... args) noexcept;
 
     template <class R, class F, class... S>
-    R apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s) NOEXCEPT(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))));
+    R apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s) noexcept(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))));
 
     template <class T, class S>
     void nested_copy(T&& iter, const S& s);
@@ -198,7 +192,7 @@ namespace xt
      * accumulate implementation *
      *****************************/
 
-    /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_NOEXCEPT
+    /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_noexcept
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -266,8 +260,8 @@ namespace xt
      ************************/
 
     template <class R, class F, class... S>
-    inline R apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s)
-        NOEXCEPT(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))))
+    inline R
+    apply(std::size_t index, F&& func, const std::tuple<S...>& s) noexcept(noexcept(func(std::get<0>(s))))
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(sizeof...(S) > index);
         return std::apply(
diff --git a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
index 6c5894be7..33cd7ee46 100644
--- a/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xdatesupport.cpp
@@ -55,8 +55,6 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ((result < result2), expected);
     }
 
-// need to wait until the system clock on Windows catches up with Linux
-#ifndef _MSC_VER
     TEST(xdate, date_arange)
     {
         xarray<tp> tarr = xt::arange<tp>(
@@ -66,7 +64,6 @@ namespace xt
         );
         EXPECT_TRUE(tarr.storage().back() > tarr.storage().front());
     }
-#endif
 
     TEST(xdate, xfunction)
     {
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index 05c869517..69426d22d 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -480,21 +480,13 @@ namespace xt
         auto f1 = 2.0 * x;
         auto f2 = x * 2.0 * x;
         iterator_tester(f1);
-// For an unknown reason, MSVC cannot correctly generate
-// linear_cbegin() for a function of function. Moreover,
-// a simple SFINAE deduction like has_linear_iterator
-// harcoded and tested here fails (while it builds fine in any
-// empty project)
-#ifndef _MSC_VER
         iterator_tester(f2);
         iterator_tester(x * y * 3.0);
         iterator_tester(5.0 + x * y * 3.0);
         iterator_tester(x * y * z);
         iterator_tester(x / y / z);
-#endif
     }
 
-#ifndef _MSC_VER
     TEST(xfunction, xfunction_in_xfunction)
     {
         using Point3 = xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3>>;
@@ -507,5 +499,4 @@ namespace xt
         xtensor<Point3, 1> res{r1, r2, r3};
         EXPECT_EQ(c, res);
     }
-#endif
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index 62df3144e..e46a883c8 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -113,11 +113,7 @@ namespace xt
             return i;
         };
         auto t = std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3);
-#if (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
-        static_assert(!noexcept(apply<int>(1, func_ne, t)));
-#else
         static_assert(noexcept(apply<int>(1, func_ne, t)));
-#endif
     }
 
     TEST(utils, conditional_cast)

From c88d087fe3396642de01b86d4f58400c98de557a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2026 07:16:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 582/606] Removed xtrivially_default_constructible (#2903)

---
 .../xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp    |  2 +-
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp       |  8 +++---
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp              | 28 -------------------
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
index f9ac409a1..e59503f3a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xbuffer_adaptor.hpp
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ namespace xt
                     rhs.get_allocator()
                 );
                 pointer tmp = safe_init_allocate(al, rhs.m_size);
-                if (xtrivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
+                if (std::is_trivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
                 {
                     std::uninitialized_copy(rhs.m_data.get(), rhs.m_data.get() + rhs.m_size, tmp);
                 }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index 62b2e4a35..efeb6571e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace xt
             using pointer = typename traits::pointer;
             using value_type = typename traits::value_type;
             pointer res = alloc.allocate(size);
-            if (!xtrivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
+            if (!std::is_trivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
             {
                 for (pointer p = res; p != res + size; ++p)
                 {
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ namespace xt
             using value_type = typename traits::value_type;
             if (ptr != nullptr)
             {
-                if (!xtrivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
+                if (!std::is_trivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
                 {
                     for (pointer p = ptr; p != ptr + size; ++p)
                     {
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ namespace xt
                 rhs.get_allocator()
             );
             resize_impl(rhs.size());
-            if (xtrivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
+            if (std::is_trivially_default_constructible<value_type>::value)
             {
                 std::uninitialized_copy(rhs.p_begin, rhs.p_end, p_begin);
             }
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, std::size_t N, class A, bool Init>
     inline void svector<T, N, A, Init>::destroy_range(T* begin, T* end)
     {
-        if (!xtrivially_default_constructible<T>::value)
+        if (!std::is_trivially_default_constructible<T>::value)
         {
             while (begin != end)
             {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index ca9fb0942..e93d8e688 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -609,34 +609,6 @@ namespace xt
     template <typename E>
     concept iterator_concept = is_iterator<E>::value;
 
-    /********************************************
-     * xtrivial_default_construct implemenation *
-     ********************************************/
-
-#if defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && _GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 7
-// has_trivial_default_constructor has not been available since libstdc++-7.
-#define XTENSOR_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI 1
-#else
-#if defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI)
-#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI || (defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI) && !_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI)
-#define XTENSOR_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI 1
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(__GNUG__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) || defined(XTENSOR_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI)
-
-    template <class T>
-    using xtrivially_default_constructible = std::is_trivially_default_constructible<T>;
-
-#else
-
-    template <class T>
-    using xtrivially_default_constructible = std::has_trivial_default_constructor<T>;
-
-#endif
-#undef XTENSOR_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
-
     /*************************
      * conditional type cast *
      *************************/

From 68f9a7742e17be1776d810d5653bb20924216320 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2026 11:36:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 583/606] Fix CSV reader to handle 8-bit integers (#2904)

---
 include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp | 14 ++++++-
 test/test_xcsv.cpp          | 83 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
index 080ccaf54..2fd347745 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace xt
             }
 
             size_t last = cell.find_last_not_of(' ');
-            return cell.substr(first, last == std::string::npos ? cell.size() : last + 1);
+            return cell.substr(first, last == std::string::npos ? cell.size() : last - first + 1);
         }
 
         template <>
@@ -93,6 +93,18 @@ namespace xt
             return std::stoi(cell);
         }
 
+        template <>
+        inline signed char lexical_cast<signed char>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return static_cast<signed char>(std::stoi(cell));
+        }
+
+        template <>
+        inline unsigned char lexical_cast<unsigned char>(const std::string& cell)
+        {
+            return static_cast<unsigned char>(std::stoul(cell));
+        }
+
         template <>
         inline long lexical_cast<long>(const std::string& cell)
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xcsv.cpp b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
index 767718fe1..148b40cd3 100644
--- a/test/test_xcsv.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,20 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
     }
 
+    TEST(xcsv, load_binary_matrix)
+    {
+        const std::string source = "1,0,1\n"
+                                   "0,1,1";
+
+        std::stringstream source_stream(source);
+
+        const xtensor<uint8_t, 2> res = load_csv<uint8_t>(source_stream);
+
+        const xtensor<uint8_t, 2> exp{{1, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 1}};
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
+    }
+
     TEST(xcsv, load_double_with_options)
     {
         std::string source = "A B C D\n"
@@ -60,6 +74,56 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
     }
 
+    TEST(xcsv, load_string_trims_cells)
+    {
+        const std::string source = "  alpha  , beta,gamma   \n delta,  epsilon , zeta  ";
+
+        std::stringstream source_stream(source);
+
+        const xtensor<std::string, 2> res = load_csv<std::string>(source_stream);
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(res.shape()[0], std::size_t(2));
+        ASSERT_EQ(res.shape()[1], std::size_t(3));
+        ASSERT_EQ(res(0, 0), "alpha");
+        ASSERT_EQ(res(0, 1), "beta");
+        ASSERT_EQ(res(0, 2), "gamma");
+        ASSERT_EQ(res(1, 0), "delta");
+        ASSERT_EQ(res(1, 1), "epsilon");
+        ASSERT_EQ(res(1, 2), "zeta");
+    }
+
+    TEST(xcsv, load_file_uses_config)
+    {
+        const std::string source = "metadata\n"
+                                   "//ignore this row\n"
+                                   "1;2;3\n"
+                                   "4;5;6\n"
+                                   "7;8;9";
+
+        std::stringstream source_stream(source);
+        xcsv_config config;
+        config.delimiter = ';';
+        config.skip_rows = 1;
+        config.max_rows = 2;
+        config.comments = "//";
+
+        xtensor<int, 2> res = {{0, 0, 0}};
+        load_file(source_stream, res, config);
+
+        const xtensor<int, 2> exp{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(all(equal(res, exp)));
+    }
+
+    TEST(xcsv, load_inconsistent_rows_throws)
+    {
+        const std::string source = "1,2,3\n4,5";
+
+        std::stringstream source_stream(source);
+
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(load_csv<int>(source_stream), std::runtime_error);
+    }
+
     TEST(xcsv, dump_1D)
     {
         xtensor<double, 1> data{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}};
@@ -79,4 +143,23 @@ namespace xt
         dump_csv(res, data);
         ASSERT_EQ("1,2,3,4\n10,12,15,18\n", res.str());
     }
+
+    TEST(xcsv, dump_file_matches_dump_csv)
+    {
+        xtensor<int, 2> data{{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
+        std::stringstream res;
+        xcsv_config config;
+
+        dump_file(res, data, config);
+
+        ASSERT_EQ("1,2\n3,4\n", res.str());
+    }
+
+    TEST(xcsv, dump_higher_dimension_throws)
+    {
+        xtensor<double, 3> data{{{1.0, 2.0}, {3.0, 4.0}}};
+        std::stringstream res;
+
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(dump_csv(res, data), std::runtime_error);
+    }
 }

From 42d124c54fd28f8724d202c893550baca770dc03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 00:40:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 584/606] Fix xview assignment through leading newaxis slices
 (#2896)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

This PR fixes incorrect index mapping in xview assignments when a view
starts with one or more newaxis() slices.

The change updates the index computation to use a newaxis-aware slice
index before applying integral-slice adjustments. That keeps writes
through views with multiple leading newaxis() entries aligned with the
correct element in the underlying tensor.

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp |  5 +++--
 test/test_xview.cpp             | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
index ea546d4ff..025df0ae4 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
@@ -1645,8 +1645,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if constexpr (lesser_condition<I>::value)
         {
-            return sliced_access<I - integral_count_before<S...>(I) + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(
-                std::get<I + newaxis_count_before<S...>(I + 1)>(m_slices),
+            constexpr size_type slice_index = newaxis_skip<S...>(I);
+            return sliced_access<slice_index - integral_count_before<S...>(slice_index)>(
+                std::get<slice_index>(m_slices),
                 args...
             );
         }
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index 5f81047b2..c98993bf9 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -1591,6 +1591,45 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
     }
 
+    TEST(xview, assign_through_multiple_leading_newaxis)
+    {
+        SUBCASE("updates the underlying tensor for every element")
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<uint8_t, 2> tensor = xt::zeros<uint8_t>({4, 3});
+            auto view = xt::view(tensor, xt::newaxis(), xt::newaxis(), xt::newaxis(), xt::all(), xt::all());
+
+            uint8_t value = 0;
+            for (std::size_t row = 0; row < 4; ++row)
+            {
+                for (std::size_t col = 0; col < 3; ++col)
+                {
+                    view(std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{0}, row, col) = value;
+                    EXPECT_EQ(tensor(row, col), value);
+                    ++value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(tensor, xt::arange<uint8_t>(12).reshape({4, 3}));
+        }
+
+        SUBCASE("preserves bool assignment semantics")
+        {
+            xt::xtensor<bool, 2> tensor = xt::zeros<bool>({4, 3});
+            auto view = xt::view(tensor, xt::newaxis(), xt::newaxis(), xt::newaxis(), xt::all(), xt::all());
+
+            for (std::size_t row = 0; row < 4; ++row)
+            {
+                for (std::size_t col = 0; col < 3; ++col)
+                {
+                    view(std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{0}, row, col) = true;
+                    EXPECT_TRUE(tensor(row, col));
+                }
+            }
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(tensor, xt::ones<bool>({4, 3}));
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, in_bounds)
     {
         xt::xtensor<size_t, 2> a = {{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}};

From 5caa64dbd14c43057008cca17753e40a0efcfe1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 5 May 2026 13:57:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 585/606] Update CI: Add clang 22 (#2905)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Add clang 22 and gcc 15 in the CI

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/linux.yml             | 12 ++++++++++--
 .github/workflows/static-analysis.yml   |  4 ++--
 include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp | 10 +++++-----
 include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp  | 12 ++++++++----
 include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp        | 10 +++++-----
 include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index a4de87fb8..876a37135 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ jobs:
         - {compiler: clang, version: '19', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '20', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '21', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '21', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '22', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '22', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: openmp, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_OPENMP=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '11', name: noexcept, flags: -DXTENSOR_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '12', name: xsimd, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON}
@@ -30,10 +33,15 @@ jobs:
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '13', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '14', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
         - {compiler: gcc, version: '14', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+        # TODO: Activate following gcc versions when switching github runner to ubuntu 26.04
+        # - {compiler: gcc, version: '15', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        # - {compiler: gcc, version: '15', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+        # - {compiler: gcc, version: '16', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
+        # - {compiler: gcc, version: '16', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
     steps:
     - name: Install GCC
       if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc'
-      uses: egor-tensin/setup-gcc@v1
+      uses: egor-tensin/setup-gcc@v2
       with:
         version: ${{matrix.sys.version}}
         platform: x64
@@ -53,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
         sudo update-alternatives --set clang-scan-deps /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}}
 
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
     - name: Set conda environment
       uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
diff --git a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
index e3204614b..64fe21244 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yml
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ jobs:
   pre-commit:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
 
   include-check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index d6bb27d31..7474357b6 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -574,18 +574,18 @@ namespace xt
                         }
                         const auto& shape = arr.shape();
                         const size_t stride = std::accumulate(
-                            shape.begin() + i + 1,
+                            shape.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i) + 1,
                             shape.end(),
-                            1,
+                            size_t(1),
                             std::multiplies<size_t>()
                         );
-                        const auto len = (*(first + i + after_axis));
+                        const auto len = (*(first + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i + after_axis)));
                         offset += len * stride;
                     }
-                    const auto element = arr.begin() + offset;
+                    const auto element = arr.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(offset);
                     return *element;
                 };
-                size_type i = *(first + axis);
+                size_type i = *(first + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(axis));
                 return apply<value_type>(i, get_item, t);
             }
         };
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
index 84685f28a..574bcb476 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
@@ -402,8 +402,9 @@ namespace xt
     {
         constexpr size_t n_indices_full = n_indices_full_v<FirstIndice, OtherIndices...>;
 
-        constexpr size_t underlying_n_dimensions = xt::static_dimension<
-            typename std::decay_t<UnderlyingContainer>::shape_type>::value;
+        constexpr size_t underlying_n_dimensions = static_cast<size_t>(
+            xt::static_dimension<typename std::decay_t<UnderlyingContainer>::shape_type>::value
+        );
 
         // If there is too many indices, we need to drop the first ones.
         // If the number of dimensions of the underlying container is known at compile time we can drop them
@@ -462,7 +463,9 @@ namespace xt
         const view_type& view
     ) const -> conditional_reference<IS_CONST>
     {
-        constexpr size_t n_indices_full = n_indices_full_v<>;
+        // Work around compilers failing to deduce nb_integral_slices as a non-type template argument inline
+        // (error: use of variable template 'n_indices_full_v' requires template arguments)
+        constexpr size_t n_indices_full = nb_integral_slices;
 
         return map_all_indices(
             is_const,
@@ -517,8 +520,9 @@ namespace xt
             }
             else
             {
+                using slice_size_type = typename current_slice::size_type;
                 assert(i < slice.size());
-                return size_t(slice(i));
+                return size_t(slice(static_cast<slice_size_type>(i)));
             }
         }
         else
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index 7b6856415..3b4d3a6fb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ namespace xt
 
             type operator()(T t)
             {
-                return (xtl::is_integral<T>::value) ? static_cast<type>(t) : t;
+                return static_cast<type>(t);
             }
         };
 
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
         {
-            return slice.size();
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(slice.size());
         }
         else
         {
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
         {
-            return slice.step_size(idx);
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(slice.step_size(idx));
         }
         else
         {
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
         {
-            return slice.step_size(idx, n);
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(slice.step_size(idx, n));
         }
         else
         {
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ namespace xt
         if constexpr (is_xslice<S>::value)
         {
             using ST = typename S::size_type;
-            return slice(static_cast<ST>(i));
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(slice(static_cast<ST>(i)));
         }
         else
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
index aa84b20a7..3faff70c8 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view.hpp
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ namespace xt
                 if (iter != std::end(shape))
                 {
                     const auto total = std::accumulate(shape.cbegin(), shape.cend(), -1, std::multiplies<int>{});
-                    const auto missing_dimension = size / total;
+                    const auto missing_dimension = size / static_cast<size_t>(total);
                     (*iter) = static_cast<value_type>(missing_dimension);
                 }
             }

From 3b8e0c4112c957410a93432b22b74971bc06f8f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 6 May 2026 15:12:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 586/606] Fix clip function behavior when a_min is greater than
 a_max (#2909)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Address #2860

Now `clips` follow the rule: When a_min is greater than a_max, clip
returns an array in which all values are equal to a_max

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp | 4 ++--
 test/test_xmath.cpp            | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
index 315e13a82..827e84219 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
@@ -606,13 +606,13 @@ namespace xt
             template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
             constexpr auto operator()(const A1& v, const A2& lo, const A3& hi) const
             {
-                return xtl::select(v < lo, lo, xtl::select(hi < v, hi, v));
+                return xtl::select(lo < hi, xtl::select(v < lo, lo, xtl::select(hi < v, hi, v)), hi);
             }
 
             template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
             constexpr auto simd_apply(const A1& v, const A2& lo, const A3& hi) const
             {
-                return xt_simd::select(v < lo, lo, xt_simd::select(hi < v, hi, v));
+                return xt_simd::select(lo < hi, xt_simd::select(v < lo, lo, xt_simd::select(hi < v, hi, v)), hi);
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/test/test_xmath.cpp b/test/test_xmath.cpp
index 8f56e93b9..57771859b 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath.cpp
@@ -222,6 +222,15 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(res1, clip(opt_a, 2.0, 4.0));
     }
 
+    TEST(xmath, clip_amin_greater_than_amax)
+    {
+        // NumPy-compatible behavior: when a_min > a_max, all values
+        // are set to a_max (the hi bound).
+        const xarray<int> arr = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+        const xarray<int> expected = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected, clip(arr, 8, 1));
+    }
+
     TEST(xmath, sign)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};

From 6c2e51bd1fe5915922a6ef31d919043c673f3539 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 22:20:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 587/606] Fixed lambda return type used in xfunxtion (#2913)

Fixes #2911
---
 include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp | 14 +++++++-------
 test/test_xfunction.cpp            | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
index ffc411a15..6459e998d 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ namespace xt
         // leading to warning about signed/unsigned conversions in the deeper layers of the access methods
 
         return std::apply(
-            [&](auto&... e)
+            [&](auto&... e) -> const_reference
             {
                 XTENSOR_TRY(check_index(shape(), args...));
                 XTENSOR_CHECK_DIMENSION(shape(), args...);
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::flat(size_type index) const -> const_reference
     {
         return std::apply(
-            [&](auto&... e)
+            [&](auto&... e) -> const_reference
             {
                 return m_f(e.data_element(index)...);
             },
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ namespace xt
         // The static cast prevents the compiler from instantiating the template methods with signed integers,
         // leading to warning about signed/unsigned conversions in the deeper layers of the access methods
         return std::apply(
-            [&](const auto&... e)
+            [&](const auto&... e) -> const_reference
             {
                 return m_f(e.unchecked(static_cast<size_type>(args)...)...);
             },
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::element(It first, It last) const -> const_reference
     {
         return std::apply(
-            [&](auto&... e)
+            [&](auto&... e) -> const_reference
             {
                 XTENSOR_TRY(check_element_index(shape(), first, last));
                 return m_f(e.element(first, last)...);
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xfunction<F, CT...>::data_element(size_type i) const -> const_reference
     {
         return std::apply(
-            [&](auto&... e)
+            [&](auto&... e) -> const_reference
             {
                 return m_f(e.data_element(i)...);
             },
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xfunction_iterator<F, CT...>::operator*() const -> reference
     {
         return std::apply(
-            [&](auto&... it)
+            [&](auto&... it) -> reference
             {
                 return (p_f->m_f)(*it...);
             },
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto xfunction_stepper<F, CT...>::operator*() const -> reference
     {
         return std::apply(
-            [&](auto&... e)
+            [&](auto&... e) -> reference
             {
                 return (p_f->m_f)(*e...);
             },
diff --git a/test/test_xfunction.cpp b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
index 69426d22d..ddf08758c 100644
--- a/test/test_xfunction.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfunction.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/containers/xfixed.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/core/xvectorize.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
@@ -193,6 +194,21 @@ namespace xt
         }
     }
 
+    TEST(xfunction, access_dangling_reference)
+    {
+        auto values_original = xt::xtensor<double, 1>{1., 2., 3.};
+        auto indexes = xt::arange<size_t>(values_original.size());
+        auto map = [&](const size_t& index) -> auto&
+        {
+            return values_original[index];
+        };
+        auto values_mapped = xt::vectorize(map)(indexes);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < values_original.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(&(values_mapped[i]) == &(values_original[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
     TEST(xfunction, unchecked)
     {
         xfunction_features f;

From ebeb3c6958819ac7bca392a9f2898957ff452122 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 22:33:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 588/606] Add Linux ARM builds (#2910)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Add Linux ARM build on the CI

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/linux.yml | 15 +++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index 876a37135..1a66aa273 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash -e -l {0}
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    name: ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} - ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm]
         sys:
         - {compiler: clang, version: '17', name: assert, flags: -DXTENSOR_ENABLE_ASSERT=ON}
         - {compiler: clang, version: '18', name: column-major, flags: -DDEFAULT_COLUMN_MAJOR=ON}
@@ -38,6 +39,16 @@ jobs:
         # - {compiler: gcc, version: '15', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
         # - {compiler: gcc, version: '16', name: xsimd-tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON}
         # - {compiler: gcc, version: '16', name: tbb, flags: -DXTENSOR_USE_TBB=ON -DTBB_INCLUDE_DIR=$CONDA_PREFIX/include -DTBB_LIBRARY=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib}
+        exclude:
+        - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+          sys:
+            compiler: gcc
+            version: '12'
+        - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+          sys:
+            compiler: gcc
+            version: '11'
+
     steps:
     - name: Install GCC
       if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'gcc'

From 2b01100feae099fe3f9476c62e2f1edebeed9aa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 22:37:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 589/606] Xcsv dump config (#2906)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

xcsv_config is now used to configure dump csv function

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 test/test_xcsv.cpp          | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
index 2fd347745..70472625e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xcsv.hpp
@@ -274,6 +274,47 @@ namespace xt
         }
     };
 
+    template <class E>
+    void dump_csv(std::ostream& stream, const xexpression<E>& e, const xcsv_config& config)
+    {
+        using size_type = typename E::size_type;
+        const E& ex = e.derived_cast();
+        if (ex.dimension() == 1)
+        {
+            const size_type n = ex.shape()[0];
+            for (size_type i = 0; i != n; ++i)
+            {
+                stream << ex(i);
+                if (i != n - 1)
+                {
+                    stream << config.delimiter;
+                }
+            }
+            stream << std::endl;
+        }
+        else if (ex.dimension() == 2)
+        {
+            const size_type nbrows = ex.shape()[0];
+            const size_type nbcols = ex.shape()[1];
+            for (size_type r = 0; r != nbrows; ++r)
+            {
+                for (size_type c = 0; c != nbcols; ++c)
+                {
+                    stream << ex(r, c);
+                    if (c != nbcols - 1)
+                    {
+                        stream << config.delimiter;
+                    }
+                }
+                stream << std::endl;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Only 1-D and 2-D expressions can be serialized to CSV");
+        }
+    }
+
     template <class E>
     void load_file(std::istream& stream, xexpression<E>& e, const xcsv_config& config)
     {
@@ -287,9 +328,9 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     template <class E>
-    void dump_file(std::ostream& stream, const xexpression<E>& e, const xcsv_config&)
+    void dump_file(std::ostream& stream, const xexpression<E>& e, const xcsv_config& config)
     {
-        dump_csv(stream, e);
+        dump_csv(stream, e, config);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xcsv.cpp b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
index 148b40cd3..00fcd4519 100644
--- a/test/test_xcsv.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xcsv.cpp
@@ -162,4 +162,28 @@ namespace xt
 
         XT_EXPECT_THROW(dump_csv(res, data), std::runtime_error);
     }
+
+    TEST(xcsv, dump_with_config)
+    {
+        xtensor<double, 2> data{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}, {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
+
+        std::stringstream res;
+
+        xcsv_config config;
+        config.delimiter = ' ';
+        dump_csv(res, data, config);
+        ASSERT_EQ("1 2 3 4\n10 12 15 18\n", res.str());
+    }
+
+    TEST(xcsv, dump_file_with_config)
+    {
+        xtensor<double, 2> data{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}, {10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0}};
+
+        std::stringstream res;
+
+        xcsv_config config;
+        config.delimiter = ';';
+        dump_file(res, data, config);
+        ASSERT_EQ("1;2;3;4\n10;12;15;18\n", res.str());
+    }
 }

From 8adbd1c774f45e7b317b73d6ca191751248f4a0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 22:53:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 590/606] Prevent buffer overflow when assigning to
 fixed-dimension xtensor with mismatched rank (#2907)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Addressing https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/issues/2792

Assigning a higher-dimensional expression to a fixed-rank [xtensor<T,
N>] caused a buffer overflow (stack smashing) in release builds:

```c++
auto a = xt::xtensor<float, 1>::from_shape({2});
a = xt::expand_dims(a, 0);  // expand_dims returns 2D view, shape {1, 2}
// buffer overflow: resize truncates shape {1,2} -> {1}, then copies 2 elements into 1 element buffer
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp | 4 ++--
 test/test_xassign.cpp                     | 7 +++++++
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
index a2ab4fd0d..7f17ffe01 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xcontainer.hpp
@@ -997,10 +997,10 @@ namespace xt
     template <class S>
     inline void xstrided_container<D>::resize(S&& shape, bool force)
     {
-        XTENSOR_ASSERT_MSG(
+        XTENSOR_PRECONDITION(
             detail::check_resize_dimension(m_shape, shape),
             "cannot change the number of dimensions of xtensor"
-        )
+        );
         std::size_t dim = shape.size();
         if (m_shape.size() != dim || !std::equal(std::begin(shape), std::end(shape), std::begin(m_shape))
             || force)
diff --git a/test/test_xassign.cpp b/test/test_xassign.cpp
index c6ca46305..3535b4886 100644
--- a/test/test_xassign.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xassign.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/core/xassign.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common.hpp"
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
@@ -167,4 +168,10 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(a.shape(1), 3);
         }
     }
+
+    TEST(xassign, fixed_dimension_mismatch)
+    {
+        auto a = xt::xtensor<float, 1>::from_shape({2});
+        XT_ASSERT_THROW(a = xt::expand_dims(a, 0), std::runtime_error);
+    }
 }

From 961722d2fce9222d9be4e5ab38e7384e32395381 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 23:10:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 591/606] Enhance xmasked_view support for output streaming
 (#2899)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Fix `xt::masked_view` pretty-printing when the underlying data is
non-optional.
Related to: #2495

The generic non-fundamental printer was streaming masked proxy values
directly, which could lose the correct masked/value state during
formatting. This change keeps the existing generic printer path but
handles `xtl::xmasked_value` with a compile-time branch and streams a
stabilized value via unary `+`.

## Changes

- include `xtl/xmasked_value_meta.hpp` in `xio.hpp`
- update the generic non-fundamental printer to use `if constexpr`
- stream masked values with `buf << +val`
- add a regression test for `masked_view` stream output on plain
`xarray` data

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp | 10 +++++++++-
 test/test_xmasked_view.cpp | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
index fbc0cd3a0..09ee4da58 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/io/xio.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "../core/xexpression.hpp"
 #include "../core/xmath.hpp"
 #include "../views/xstrided_view.hpp"
+#include "xtl/xmasked_value_meta.hpp"
 
 namespace xt
 {
@@ -646,7 +647,14 @@ namespace xt
             void update(const_reference val)
             {
                 std::stringstream buf;
-                buf << val;
+                if constexpr (xtl::is_xmasked_value<value_type>::value)
+                {
+                    buf << +val;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    buf << val;
+                }
                 std::string s = buf.str();
                 if (int(s.size()) > m_width)
                 {
diff --git a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
index 14613d169..1c7f9cb4d 100644
--- a/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmasked_view.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  * The full license is in the file LICENSE, distributed with this software. *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/optional/xoptional_assembly.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/views/xmasked_view.hpp"
@@ -210,6 +212,21 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(data, expected2);
     }
 
+    TEST(xmasked_view, non_optional_data_stream)
+    {
+        const xarray<double> data = {{1., 5., 3.}, {4., 5., 6.}};
+        const xarray<bool> mask = {{true, false, false}, {false, true, false}};
+
+        const auto masked_data = masked_view(data, mask);
+
+        std::stringstream out;
+        out << masked_data;
+
+        const std::string expected = "{{     1, masked, masked},\n"
+                                     " {masked,      5, masked}}";
+        EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), expected);
+    }
+
     TEST(xmasked_view, assign)
     {
         xarray<double> data = {{1., -2., 3.}, {4., 5., -6.}, {7., 8., -9.}};

From a49724325e46237e3b422104ad0c767c79c422c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 12 May 2026 17:37:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 592/606] Fix xt::drop with variables (#2912)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Address #2867

Changed `xtl::is_integral<T>::value` to
`xtl::is_integral<std::decay_t<T>>::value` in the `drop()` function
template. When passing a variable like `size_t index = 1`, `T` deduces
to `unsigned long&`, a reference type, which `is_integral` rejects.
Decaying strips the reference so the integral branch is correctly taken.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
---
 include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp |  2 +-
 test/test_xoperation.cpp         | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/test_xview.cpp              | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index 3b4d3a6fb..d2142fb82 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class R = std::ptrdiff_t, class T>
     inline auto drop(T&& indices)
     {
-        if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<T>::value)
+        if constexpr (xtl::is_integral<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>::value)
         {
             using slice_type = xdrop_slice<R>;
             using container_type = typename slice_type::container_type;
diff --git a/test/test_xoperation.cpp b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
index fa97a0946..21a9c77bd 100644
--- a/test/test_xoperation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xoperation.cpp
@@ -858,6 +858,29 @@ namespace xt
             EXPECT_EQ(expected1, res3);
             EXPECT_EQ(expected2, res4);
         }
+
+        TEST_CASE("divide_4d")
+        {
+            using T4 = xt::xtensor<float, 4, xt::layout_type::row_major>;
+            using shape_type = typename T4::shape_type;
+
+            shape_type shape = {2, 3, 2, 2};
+            T4 a(shape, 4.5f);
+            T4 b(shape, 1.3f);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ((a / b)(0, 0, 0, 0), a(0, 0, 0, 0) / b(0, 0, 0, 0));
+
+            float sb = 1.2f;
+            EXPECT_EQ((a / sb)(0, 0, 0, 0), a(0, 0, 0, 0) / sb);
+
+            float sa = 4.6f;
+            EXPECT_EQ((sa / b)(0, 0, 0, 0), sa / b(0, 0, 0, 0));
+
+            // self-divide assignment: a = a / b (no zeros in b)
+            auto a_before = a(1, 2, 1, 1);
+            a = a / b;
+            EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2, 1, 1), a_before / b(1, 2, 1, 1));
+        }
     }
 
 #undef XOPERATION_TEST_TYPES
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index c98993bf9..18449b742 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -1861,4 +1861,23 @@ namespace xt
 
         XT_ASSERT_THROW(const auto col = xt::col(arr, 0), std::invalid_argument);
     }
+
+    TEST(xview, drop_on_1dim_array)
+    {
+        auto my_array = xt::xtensor<double, 1>({1, 2, 3});
+
+        // drop(1) creates a view excluding index 1
+        auto v1 = xt::view(my_array, xt::drop(1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(v1, (xt::xtensor<double, 1>{1, 3}));
+
+        // Assign through the drop view
+        xt::view(my_array, xt::drop(1)) = 0.;
+        EXPECT_EQ(my_array, (xt::xtensor<double, 1>{0, 2, 0}));
+
+        // Reset, then test drop with a variable (the original compilation issue)
+        my_array = xt::xtensor<double, 1>({1, 2, 3});
+        const size_t index = 1;
+        auto v2 = xt::view(my_array, xt::drop(index));
+        EXPECT_EQ(v2, (xt::xtensor<double, 1>{1, 3}));
+    }
 }

From 0f06096b40a613ce8ef4c2017a872685f871a0b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 12 May 2026 23:51:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 593/606] Fix reverse iterators xstorage (#2908)

# Checklist

- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp | 10 ++++++++++
 test/test_xfixed.cpp                    |  8 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
index efeb6571e..26d4a8ccd 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/containers/xstorage.hpp
@@ -1640,6 +1640,16 @@ namespace xt
             return m_array.cend();
         }
 
+        auto crbegin() const
+        {
+            return m_array.crbegin();
+        }
+
+        auto crend() const
+        {
+            return m_array.crend();
+        }
+
         constexpr std::size_t operator[](std::size_t idx) const
         {
             return m_array[idx];
diff --git a/test/test_xfixed.cpp b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
index b4af22af2..3a6e8181b 100644
--- a/test/test_xfixed.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfixed.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "xtensor/core/xnoalias.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/views/xview.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
 
@@ -306,6 +307,13 @@ namespace xt
         using tiny_tensor = xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<2>, layout_type::row_major, false>;
         EXPECT_GT(sizeof(fixed_tensor), sizeof(tiny_tensor));
     }
+
+    TEST(xtensor_fixed, iterators)
+    {
+        auto arr = xt::xtensor<double, 1>({5, 5, 5, 5, 5});
+        auto fixed_arr = xt::xtensor_fixed<double, xt::xshape<3>>{1, 2, 3};
+        xt::view(arr, xt::range(0, 3)) = fixed_arr + 1;
+    }
 }
 
 #endif

From 849665a23f118aad05a5490c58748009fd946a05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 May 2026 10:39:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 594/606] Fix vstack for mixed fixed-shape inputs (#2897)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

Fix xt::vstack so it works with xtensor_fixed inputs when stacking a mix
of 1-D and 2-D fixed-shape expressions.

Before this change, vstack could try to build a runtime shape for
fixed-shape inputs, which fails for cases like stacking xshape<1, 2>
with xshape<2, 2>. The fixed-shape path now computes the stacked result
shape at compile time instead.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp  | 17 +++++++---
 test/test_xbuilder.cpp                  | 15 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index 7474357b6..4b9bed942 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -910,6 +910,32 @@ namespace xt
 
     namespace detail
     {
+        template <class S>
+        struct vstack_fixed_shape_impl;
+
+        template <std::size_t N>
+        struct vstack_fixed_shape_impl<fixed_shape<N>>
+        {
+            using type = fixed_shape<1, N>;
+        };
+
+        template <std::size_t I, std::size_t... J>
+        struct vstack_fixed_shape_impl<fixed_shape<I, J...>>
+        {
+            using type = fixed_shape<I, J...>;
+        };
+
+        template <class... CT>
+        struct vstack_fixed_shape
+        {
+            using type = concat_fixed_shape_t<
+                0,
+                typename vstack_fixed_shape_impl<typename std::decay_t<CT>::shape_type>::type...>;
+        };
+
+        template <class... CT>
+        using vstack_fixed_shape_t = typename vstack_fixed_shape<CT...>::type;
+
         template <class S, class... CT>
         inline auto vstack_shape(std::tuple<CT...>& t, const S& shape)
         {
@@ -948,6 +974,21 @@ namespace xt
         return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::vstack_impl<CT...>(std::move(t), size_t(0)), new_shape);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Stack fixed-shape xexpressions in sequence vertically (row wise).
+     * This overload preserves the result shape at compile time by treating
+     * 1-D fixed shapes as ``(1, N)`` row vectors before concatenation.
+     *
+     * @param t \ref xtuple of fixed-shape xexpressions to stack
+     * @return xgenerator evaluating to stacked elements with a fixed compile-time shape
+     */
+    template <fixed_shape_container_concept... CT>
+    inline auto vstack(std::tuple<CT...>&& t)
+    {
+        using shape_type = detail::vstack_fixed_shape_t<CT...>;
+        return detail::make_xgenerator(detail::vstack_impl<CT...>(std::move(t), size_t(0)), shape_type{});
+    }
+
     namespace detail
     {
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
index 574bcb476..d445ac1ec 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/index_mapper.hpp
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace xt
          * @throws Assertion failure if `i != 0` for integral slices.
          * @throws Assertion failure if `i >= slice.size()` for non-integral slices.
          */
-        template <size_t I, std::integral Index>
+        template <access_t ACCESS, size_t I, std::integral Index>
         size_t map_ith_index(const view_type& view, const Index i) const;
 
         /**
@@ -490,16 +490,16 @@ namespace xt
     {
         if constexpr (ACCESS == access_t::SAFE)
         {
-            return container.at(map_ith_index<Is>(view, indices[Is])...);
+            return container.at(map_ith_index<ACCESS, Is>(view, indices[Is])...);
         }
         else
         {
-            return container(map_ith_index<Is>(view, indices[Is])...);
+            return container(map_ith_index<ACCESS, Is>(view, indices[Is])...);
         }
     }
 
     template <class UnderlyingContainer, class... Slices>
-    template <size_t I, std::integral Index>
+    template <access_t ACCESS, size_t I, std::integral Index>
     auto
     index_mapper<xt::xview<UnderlyingContainer, Slices...>>::map_ith_index(const view_type& view, const Index i) const
         -> size_t
@@ -518,10 +518,17 @@ namespace xt
                 assert(i == 0);
                 return size_t(slice);
             }
+            else if constexpr (xt::detail::is_xall_slice<std::decay_t<current_slice>>::value)
+            {
+                return size_t(i);
+            }
             else
             {
                 using slice_size_type = typename current_slice::size_type;
-                assert(i < slice.size());
+                if constexpr (ACCESS == access_t::UNSAFE)
+                {
+                    assert(static_cast<slice_size_type>(i) < slice.size());
+                }
                 return size_t(slice(static_cast<slice_size_type>(i)));
             }
         }
diff --git a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
index 73d952b6f..d35847a8e 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuilder.cpp
@@ -424,6 +424,21 @@ namespace xt
         ASSERT_TRUE(arange(8) == w1);
         ASSERT_TRUE(w1 == w2);
     }
+
+    TEST(xbuilder, vstack_fixed)
+    {
+        xtensor_fixed<float, fixed_shape<1, 2>> a = {{1.f, 2.f}};
+        xtensor_fixed<float, fixed_shape<2, 2>> b = {{3.f, 4.f}, {5.f, 6.f}};
+
+        auto c = vstack(xtuple(a, b));
+
+        using expected_shape_t = fixed_shape<3, 2>;
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected_shape_t{}, c.shape());
+        EXPECT_EQ(1.f, c(0, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(2.f, c(0, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(3.f, c(1, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(6.f, c(2, 1));
+    }
 #endif
 
     TEST(xbuilder, access)

From 8422c69d1721e7ddf4a766305bd88b496f910ee2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "codspeed-hq[bot]" <117304815+codspeed-hq[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 11:37:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 595/606] Add CodSpeed continuous performance testing (#2919)

This PR integrates [CodSpeed](https://codspeed.io) for continuous
performance monitoring of xtensor's existing benchmark suite.

## What changed

**`benchmark/CMakeLists.txt`** -- The Google Benchmark dependency is
replaced with [CodSpeed's compatibility
layer](https://github.com/CodSpeedHQ/codspeed-cpp), which wraps Google
Benchmark with CodSpeed instrumentation. When `CODSPEED_MODE` is not set
(or set to `off`), the build behaves identically to upstream Google
Benchmark. Two additional changes are made for CodSpeed compatibility:
- `-march=native` is conditionally skipped in simulation mode, since
valgrind does not support all native instruction sets.
- The build type is set to `RelWithDebInfo` (instead of `Release`) when
CodSpeed is active, to include debug symbols for flame graph profiling.

**`.github/workflows/codspeed.yml`** -- A new GitHub Actions workflow
that builds and runs the full benchmark suite (160+ benchmarks) under
CodSpeed's CPU simulation instrument on every push to `master` and on
pull requests. The workflow uses OIDC authentication and follows the
same dependency setup (micromamba, xsimd) as the existing
`benchmarks.yml`.

**`README.md`** -- Added the CodSpeed badge.

## How it works

CodSpeed's simulation mode runs each benchmark once through a CPU
instruction counter (valgrind-based), producing deterministic
measurements that are independent of CI environment load. This makes
performance regressions detectable on standard `ubuntu-latest` runners
without dedicated hardware.

## Next steps

1. Install the [CodSpeed GitHub App](https://github.com/apps/codspeed)
on this repository to enable performance reports on pull requests.
2. After merging, CodSpeed will automatically create a performance
baseline from the `master` branch.
3. Subsequent PRs will receive performance comparisons showing
regressions and improvements.

---------

Co-authored-by: codspeed-hq[bot] <117304815+codspeed-hq[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex-PLACET <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codspeed.yml | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 README.md                      |  1 +
 benchmark/CMakeLists.txt       | 26 +++++++++++------
 3 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/codspeed.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml b/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e2c5999c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: CodSpeed
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+  # Allow CodSpeed to trigger backtest performance analysis
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash -e -l {0}
+
+jobs:
+  benchmarks:
+    name: Run benchmarks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+
+    - name: Build benchmarks
+      run: |
+        cmake -G Ninja -Bbuild \
+          -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX \
+          -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON \
+          -DXTENSOR_USE_XSIMD=ON \
+          -DCODSPEED_MODE=simulation
+        cmake --build build --target benchmark_xtensor --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run benchmarks
+      uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v4
+      with:
+        mode: simulation
+        run: ./build/benchmark/benchmark_xtensor
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0813d3438..19c5f9fe1 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 [![Doxygen -> gh-pages](https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor/workflows/gh-pages/badge.svg)](https://xtensor-stack.github.io/xtensor)
 [![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/xtensor-stack/xtensor/stable?filepath=notebooks%2Fxtensor.ipynb)
 [![Zulip](https://img.shields.io/badge/social_chat-zulip-blue.svg)](https://xtensor.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/539553-Ask-anything)
+[![CodSpeed](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://codspeed.io/badge.json)](https://codspeed.io/xtensor-stack/xtensor?utm_source=badge)
 
 Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing.
 
diff --git a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
index 9928eb155..0d0ce5766 100644
--- a/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,17 +16,26 @@ if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
     set(XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR ${xtensor_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 endif ()
 
-message(STATUS "Forcing tests build type to Release")
-set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)
+if(CODSPEED_MODE AND NOT CODSPEED_MODE STREQUAL "off")
+    message(STATUS "CodSpeed mode enabled (${CODSPEED_MODE}) - using RelWithDebInfo build type")
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE RelWithDebInfo CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "Forcing tests build type to Release")
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)
+endif()
 
 include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
 
 string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" U_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 
 if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel")
-    CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
-    if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
-        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
+    # Skip -march=native for CodSpeed simulation mode (valgrind does not
+    # support all native instruction sets)
+    if(NOT (CODSPEED_MODE STREQUAL "simulation"))
+        CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(-march=native arch_native_supported)
+        if(arch_native_supported AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-march")
+            set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
+        endif()
     endif()
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -O3 -g -Wunused-parameter -Wextra -Wreorder")
 
@@ -80,13 +89,14 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_GBENCHMARK OR GBENCHMARK_SRC_DIR)
             GIT_TAG main)
 
     FetchContent_Declare(googlebenchmark
-            GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
-            GIT_TAG main) # need main for benchmark::benchmark
+            GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/CodSpeedHQ/codspeed-cpp.git
+            GIT_TAG main
+            SOURCE_SUBDIR google_benchmark)
 
     FetchContent_MakeAvailable(
             googletest
             googlebenchmark)
-    set(GBENCHMARK_INCLUDE_DIRS "${googlebenchmark_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
+    set(GBENCHMARK_INCLUDE_DIRS "${googlebenchmark_SOURCE_DIR}/google_benchmark/include")
     set(GBENCHMARK_LIBRARIES benchmark)
 else()
     find_package(benchmark REQUIRED)

From b4a9f8ef777ad7b3f5ed6eb6b15b78b447112ca3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 11:38:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 596/606] Fix poisson and geometric missing default for
 template parameter T (#2917)

Cherry-picked last commit from #2893, easier to do so than rebasing.

Co-authored-by: Samaresh Kumar Singh <ssam3003@gmail.com>
---
 include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp |  8 ++++----
 test/test_xrandom.cpp                  | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
index d43a69876..73b1763ae 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ namespace xt
         auto
         binomial(const S& shape, T trials = 1, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
-        template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
+        template <class T = int, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto geometric(const S& shape, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto
         negative_binomial(const S& shape, T k = 1, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
-        template <class T, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
+        template <class T = int, class S, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto poisson(const S& shape, D rate = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class S, class E = random::default_engine_type>
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace xt
         auto
         binomial(const I (&shape)[L], T trials = 1, D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
-        template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
+        template <class T = int, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto geometric(const I (&shape)[L], D prob = 0.5, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ namespace xt
             E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine()
         );
 
-        template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
+        template <class T = int, class I, std::size_t L, class D = double, class E = random::default_engine_type>
         auto poisson(const I (&shape)[L], D rate = 1.0, E& engine = random::get_default_random_engine());
 
         template <class T, class I, std::size_t L, class E = random::default_engine_type>
diff --git a/test/test_xrandom.cpp b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
index c732e2ab4..0d824a794 100644
--- a/test/test_xrandom.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xrandom.cpp
@@ -237,6 +237,20 @@ namespace xt
 #endif
     }
 
+    TEST(xrandom, poisson_geometric_default_type)
+    {
+        // poisson and geometric have no parameter from which T can be deduced,
+        // so they require a default T (= int) to be callable without explicit template arg.
+        auto p = random::poisson({3, 3}, 1.0);
+        static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(p)::value_type, int>::value, "poisson default T must be int");
+
+        auto g = random::geometric({3, 3}, 0.5);
+        static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(g)::value_type, int>::value, "geometric default T must be int");
+
+        auto p2 = random::poisson({3, 3});
+        static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(p2)::value_type, int>::value, "poisson default T must be int");
+    }
+
     TEST(xrandom, permutation)
     {
         xt::random::seed(123);

From 9575b39760960ed624c06367c16315761d7250c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 11:53:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 597/606] fix: correct negative axis handling in roll function
 (#2920)

Co-authored-by: f14xuanlv <2606574933@qq.com>
---
 include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp | 12 +++++-------
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp            | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index 2d540539b..0118329bc 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -1052,17 +1052,15 @@ namespace xt
     {
         auto cpy = empty_like(e);
         const auto& shape = cpy.shape();
-        std::size_t saxis = static_cast<std::size_t>(axis);
-        if (axis < 0)
-        {
-            axis += std::ptrdiff_t(cpy.dimension());
-        }
+        const auto dim = cpy.dimension();
 
-        if (saxis >= cpy.dimension() || axis < 0)
+        if (axis < -static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(dim) || axis >= static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(dim))
         {
-            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "axis is no within shape dimension.");
+            XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "axis is not within shape dimension.");
         }
 
+        std::size_t saxis = normalize_axis(dim, axis);
+
         const auto axis_dim = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(shape[saxis]);
         while (shift < 0)
         {
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index 5e1d43cc5..f105a5a7d 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -502,6 +502,18 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<double> expected8 = {{{3, 1, 2}}, {{6, 4, 5}}, {{9, 7, 8}}};
         ASSERT_EQ(expected8, xt::roll(e2, -2, /*axis*/ 2));
+
+        EXPECT_THROW(xt::roll(e2, 1, /*axis*/ 3), std::runtime_error);
+        EXPECT_THROW(xt::roll(e2, 1, /*axis*/ -4), std::runtime_error);
+
+        xarray<double> expected9 = {{{3, 1, 2}}, {{6, 4, 5}}, {{9, 7, 8}}};
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected9, xt::roll(e2, -2, /*axis*/ -1));
+
+        xarray<double> expected10 = {{{1, 2, 3}}, {{4, 5, 6}}, {{7, 8, 9}}};
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected10, xt::roll(e2, -2, /*axis*/ -2));
+
+        xarray<double> expected11 = {{{4, 5, 6}}, {{7, 8, 9}}, {{1, 2, 3}}};
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected11, xt::roll(e2, 2, /*axis*/ -3));
     }
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, repeat_all_elements_of_axis_0_of_int_array_2_times)

From c3f71fbf9245f6618b2e3059ca8470dff444471e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: f14XuanLv <121799454+f14XuanLv@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 29 May 2026 23:39:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 598/606] Fix infinite loop in xt::roll on arrays with a
 zero-length dimension (#2922)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [x] API of new functions and classes are documented. *(N/A — bug fix
only, no API change)*

# Description

`xt::roll` enters an infinite loop (and then divides by zero) when the
input
has a zero-length axis:

- No-axis overload `roll(e, shift)` when `e.size() == 0`:
`while (shift < 0) shift += flat_size;` loops forever with `flat_size ==
0`,
  then `shift %= 0` is undefined behaviour.
- Axis-aware overload `roll(e, shift, axis)` when the rolled axis has
length 0:
  same issue on `axis_dim == 0`.

### Fix

For a shape $s = (s_0, \dots, s_{n-1})$,
if $\exists k: s_k = 0$, then $\mathrm{roll}(a, \mathrm{shift},
\mathrm{axis}) = a$,
i.e. roll is the identity.

In both overloads, after constructing `cpy = empty_like(e)`, return
`cpy`
early when `cpy.size() == 0`. The no-axis overload's hand-rolled
`std::accumulate(shape, 1L, multiplies<size_t>())` is replaced by
`cpy.size()`
(numerically equivalent, and O(1) on contiguous layouts).

When the rolled axis is non-empty but another axis has length 0
(e.g. `shape={3,0,4}` rolled along axis 0), the original code didn't
loop —
`detail::roll`'s inner loops became no-ops because the stride product
collapses to 0 — but the recursion was wasted work. The widened guard
`cpy.size() == 0` skips it cleanly. Observable output is unchanged.

### Tests

Three regression cases in `test_xmanipulation.cpp`, one per code path:

| Shape | Axis | Path exercised |

|-------------|---------|-----------------------------------------------|
| `{0}` | (ravel) | no-axis overload's empty-input guard |
| `{3, 0}` | `1` | axis-aware overload, rolled axis itself is 0 |
| `{3, 0, 4}` | `0` | axis-aware overload, *other* axis is 0 |

All `test_xmanipulation` tests pass: 28 cases, 188 assertions. Verified
against `numpy.roll`, which returns a same-shape empty array for these
inputs.
---
 include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp | 20 +++++++++++++-------
 test/test_xmanipulation.cpp            |  9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index 0118329bc..e20095f3e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -954,12 +954,13 @@ namespace xt
     inline auto roll(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t shift)
     {
         auto cpy = empty_like(e);
-        auto flat_size = std::accumulate(
-            cpy.shape().begin(),
-            cpy.shape().end(),
-            1L,
-            std::multiplies<std::size_t>()
-        );
+
+        if (cpy.size() == 0)
+        {
+            return cpy;
+        }
+
+        const auto flat_size = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(cpy.size());
         while (shift < 0)
         {
             shift += flat_size;
@@ -1059,9 +1060,14 @@ namespace xt
             XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "axis is not within shape dimension.");
         }
 
-        std::size_t saxis = normalize_axis(dim, axis);
+        if (cpy.size() == 0)
+        {
+            return cpy;
+        }
 
+        std::size_t saxis = normalize_axis(dim, axis);
         const auto axis_dim = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(shape[saxis]);
+
         while (shift < 0)
         {
             shift += axis_dim;
diff --git a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
index f105a5a7d..bbc2663a2 100644
--- a/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmanipulation.cpp
@@ -514,6 +514,15 @@ namespace xt
 
         xarray<double> expected11 = {{{4, 5, 6}}, {{7, 8, 9}}, {{1, 2, 3}}};
         ASSERT_EQ(expected11, xt::roll(e2, 2, /*axis*/ -3));
+
+        xarray<double> empty_1d = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({0});
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::roll(empty_1d, 5).shape(), empty_1d.shape());
+
+        xarray<double> partial_empty = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({3, 0});
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::roll(partial_empty, 1, 1).shape(), partial_empty.shape());
+
+        xarray<double> mixed_empty = xt::xarray<double>::from_shape({3, 0, 4});
+        EXPECT_EQ(xt::roll(mixed_empty, 1, 0).shape(), mixed_empty.shape());
     }
 
     TEST(xmanipulation, repeat_all_elements_of_axis_0_of_int_array_2_times)

From 1b5325b21601e044d0f84013919fe9196661ed19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet.dev@pm.me>
Date: Sat, 30 May 2026 23:31:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 599/606] Xexpresion fix (#2918)

# Checklist

- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++------
 test/test_xexpression.cpp            | 17 ++++++
 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
index 9b133315d..855c69706 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@
 #ifndef XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_HPP
 #define XTENSOR_EXPRESSION_HPP
 
+#include <iterator>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <xtl/xclosure.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xmeta_utils.hpp>
 #include <xtl/xtype_traits.hpp>
 
+#include "../core/xiterator.hpp"
 #include "../core/xlayout.hpp"
 #include "../core/xshape.hpp"
 #include "../core/xtensor_forward.hpp"
@@ -536,8 +538,10 @@ namespace xt
         using stepper = typename E::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename E::const_stepper;
 
-        using linear_iterator = typename E::linear_iterator;
-        using const_linear_iterator = typename E::const_linear_iterator;
+        using linear_iterator = decltype(xt::linear_begin(std::declval<E&>()));
+        using const_linear_iterator = decltype(xt::linear_begin(std::declval<const E&>()));
+        using reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<linear_iterator>;
+        using const_reverse_linear_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_linear_iterator>;
 
         using bool_load_type = typename E::bool_load_type;
 
@@ -573,19 +577,65 @@ namespace xt
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(crbegin)
         XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_ITERATOR_METHOD(crend)
 
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_begin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_end)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_begin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_end)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_cbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_cend)
-
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_rbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_METHOD(linear_rend)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_rbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_rend)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_crbegin)
-        XTENSOR_FORWARD_CONST_METHOD(linear_crend)
+        linear_iterator linear_begin() noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_begin(*m_ptr);
+        }
+
+        linear_iterator linear_end() noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_end(*m_ptr);
+        }
+
+        const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_begin(*m_ptr);
+        }
+
+        const_linear_iterator linear_end() const noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_end(*m_ptr);
+        }
+
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_begin(*m_ptr);
+        }
+
+        const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const noexcept
+        {
+            return xt::linear_end(*m_ptr);
+        }
+
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() noexcept
+        {
+            return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
+        }
+
+        reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() noexcept
+        {
+            return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
+        }
+
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const noexcept
+        {
+            return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
+        }
+
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const noexcept
+        {
+            return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
+        }
+
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const noexcept
+        {
+            return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cend());
+        }
+
+        const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const noexcept
+        {
+            return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_cbegin());
+        }
 
         template <class T = E>
         std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&> strides() const
diff --git a/test/test_xexpression.cpp b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
index c1ad4d14f..75eba3edb 100644
--- a/test/test_xexpression.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xexpression.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
 #include <sstream>
 
 #include "xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/containers/xtensor.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/core/xmath.hpp"
+#include "xtensor/generators/xrandom.hpp"
 #include "xtensor/io/xio.hpp"
 
 #include "test_common_macros.hpp"
@@ -116,6 +118,21 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(expr, a * a);
     }
 
+    TEST(xexpression, shared_reducer_result)
+    {
+        std::size_t n = 1000;
+        std::size_t m = 9;
+        std::size_t o = 12;
+
+        xtensor<double, 3> tensor = random::rand({n, m, o}, -20., 20.);
+        auto result = make_xshared(sum(tensor, {2}));
+        auto expected = sum(tensor, {2});
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(result.dimension(), std::size_t(2));
+        EXPECT_EQ(result.shape(), expected.shape());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(all(equal(result, expected)));
+    }
+
     TEST(xexpression, temporary_type)
     {
         using dyn_shape = xt::svector<std::size_t, 4, std::allocator<std::size_t>, true>;

From 37e4b5813d6df4bbbc8112be1c3fc6eff965792e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2026 10:51:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 600/606] Upgraded to xsimd 14 (#2924)

---
 CMakeLists.txt      | 2 +-
 environment-dev.yml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 38b5ba171..331fb48c2 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_TBB AND XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
 if(XTENSOR_USE_XSIMD)
-    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 13.2.0)
+    set(xsimd_REQUIRED_VERSION 14.2.0)
     if(TARGET xsimd)
         set(xsimd_VERSION ${XSIMD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_MINOR}.${XSIMD_VERSION_PATCH})
         # Note: This is not SEMVER compatible comparison
diff --git a/environment-dev.yml b/environment-dev.yml
index a594f896d..fdfc75ea9 100644
--- a/environment-dev.yml
+++ b/environment-dev.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ channels:
 dependencies:
 - cmake
 - xtl=0.8.0
-- xsimd=13.2.0
+- xsimd=14.2.0
 - nlohmann_json
 - doctest
 - pre-commit

From dd857e5fd3e3faf8a42319140c52d7e73c62f983 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet.dev@pm.me>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2026 12:25:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 601/606] Use namespace runner for codspeed benchmarks (#2925)

Use namespace runner for codespeed benchmarks
About performances, we almost cut by half the build and benchmark times
with a machine with the same number of cores and the half of RAM.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codspeed.yml | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml b/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml
index 9e2c5999c..05d385180 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ name: CodSpeed
 on:
   push:
     branches: [master]
-  pull_request:
-  # Allow CodSpeed to trigger backtest performance analysis
+  pull_request: # Allow CodSpeed to trigger backtest performance analysis
+
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+
 permissions:
   contents: read
   id-token: write
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
   benchmarks:
     name: Run benchmarks
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: namespace-profile-benchmark;container.privileged=true;container.host-pid-namespace=true
     steps:
     - name: Checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@v6

From aa2b3efb7d82cd9ef0686140b267dbbbe6d0c117 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brede Johansen <bredej@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 14:59:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 602/606] Fix warnings from use of std::accumulate in xbuilder
 (#2926)

# Checklist

- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

The internal type of std::accumulate is determined by the init
parameter.
Initializing with 0 (int) results in a "conversion from 'size_t' to
'type', possible loss of data" warning in MSVC.
Related #2732

The second commit replacing size_t with std::size_t is just for
consistency.
---
 include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp | 28 ++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
index 4b9bed942..1026b21c7 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xbuilder.hpp
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 // trim off extra indices if provided to match behavior of containers
                 auto dim_offset = std::distance(first, last) - std::get<0>(t).dimension();
-                size_t axis_dim = *(first + axis + dim_offset);
+                std::size_t axis_dim = *(first + axis + dim_offset);
                 auto match = [&](auto& arr)
                 {
                     if (axis_dim >= arr.shape()[axis])
@@ -512,16 +512,16 @@ namespace xt
 
                 auto get = [&](auto& arr)
                 {
-                    size_t offset = 0;
-                    const size_t end = arr.dimension();
-                    for (size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
+                    std::size_t offset = 0;
+                    const std::size_t end = arr.dimension();
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
                     {
                         const auto& shape = arr.shape();
-                        const size_t stride = std::accumulate(
+                        const std::size_t stride = std::accumulate(
                             shape.begin() + i + 1,
                             shape.end(),
-                            1,
-                            std::multiplies<size_t>()
+                            size_t(1),
+                            std::multiplies<std::size_t>()
                         );
                         if (i == axis)
                         {
@@ -563,21 +563,21 @@ namespace xt
             {
                 auto get_item = [&](auto& arr)
                 {
-                    size_t offset = 0;
-                    const size_t end = arr.dimension();
-                    size_t after_axis = 0;
-                    for (size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
+                    std::size_t offset = 0;
+                    const std::size_t end = arr.dimension();
+                    std::size_t after_axis = 0;
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < end; i++)
                     {
                         if (i == axis)
                         {
                             after_axis = 1;
                         }
                         const auto& shape = arr.shape();
-                        const size_t stride = std::accumulate(
+                        const std::size_t stride = std::accumulate(
                             shape.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i) + 1,
                             shape.end(),
-                            size_t(1),
-                            std::multiplies<size_t>()
+                            std::size_t(1),
+                            std::multiplies<std::size_t>()
                         );
                         const auto len = (*(first + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i + after_axis)));
                         offset += len * stride;

From 01798fa032a4774602e9ec698e82f86735f2b483 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexis Placet <alexis.placet.dev@pm.me>
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2026 16:42:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 603/606] Add ASAN CI build workflow (#2914)

# Description

Add ASAN tests and fix ASAN errors

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexis Placet <2400067+Alex-PLACET@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/sanitizers.yml  | 110 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 cmake/sanitizers.cmake            |  50 ++++++++++++++
 include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp |   4 ++
 include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp     |  16 +++--
 test/CMakeLists.txt               |  27 +++++++-
 test/msan_suppressions.txt        |   5 ++
 test/test_xadapt.cpp              |   4 ++
 test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp  |  22 ++++--
 test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp     |   2 +
 test/test_xfft.cpp                |   9 +++
 test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp   |  18 ++---
 11 files changed, 247 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/sanitizers.yml
 create mode 100644 cmake/sanitizers.cmake
 create mode 100644 test/msan_suppressions.txt

diff --git a/.github/workflows/sanitizers.yml b/.github/workflows/sanitizers.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c008e832c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/sanitizers.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+name: Sanitizers
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash -e -l {0}
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    name: sanitizer / ${{ matrix.sys.compiler }} ${{ matrix.sys.version }} / ${{ matrix.config.name }} / ${{ matrix.sys.name }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04]
+        sys:
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '21', name: asan, sanitizer: address}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '21', name: lsan, sanitizer: leak}
+        - {compiler: clang, version: '21', name: ubsan, sanitizer: undefined}
+        config:
+        - {name: Debug}
+
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Install LLVM and Clang
+      if: matrix.sys.compiler == 'clang'
+      run: |
+        wget https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
+        chmod +x llvm.sh
+        sudo ./llvm.sh ${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo apt-get install -y clang-tools-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++         clang++             /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang           clang               /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps clang-scan-deps     /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}} 200
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang /usr/bin/clang-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang-scan-deps /usr/bin/clang-scan-deps-${{matrix.sys.version}}
+
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+    - name: Set conda environment
+      uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@main
+      with:
+        environment-name: myenv
+        environment-file: environment-dev.yml
+        init-shell: bash
+        cache-downloads: true
+
+    - name: Configure using CMake
+      run: |
+        export CC=clang
+        export CXX=clang++
+        cmake -G Ninja \
+          -Bbuild \
+          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{matrix.config.name}} \
+          -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX \
+          -DBUILD_TESTS=ON \
+          -DUSE_SANITIZER=${{ matrix.sys.sanitizer }}
+
+    - name: Build tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: cmake --build . --config ${{matrix.config.name}} --target test_xtensor_lib --parallel 8
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      working-directory: build
+      run: |
+        SAN=${{ matrix.sys.sanitizer }}
+        case "$SAN" in
+          address)
+            export ASAN_OPTIONS=log_path=asan_log_:alloc_dealloc_mismatch=0:halt_on_error=0:handle_abort=0
+            export ASAN_SAVE_DUMPS=AsanDump.dmp
+            ;;
+          leak)
+            export LSAN_OPTIONS=log_path=lsan_log_:halt_on_error=0
+            ;;
+          undefined)
+            export UBSAN_OPTIONS=log_path=ubsan_log_:halt_on_error=0:print_stacktrace=1
+            ;;
+        esac
+        ctest -R ^xtest$ --output-on-failure
+
+    - name: Upload sanitizer log
+      if: always()
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+      with:
+        name: sanitizer-log-${{ matrix.sys.sanitizer }}-${{ matrix.sys.compiler }}-${{ matrix.sys.version }}-${{ matrix.config.name }}-${{ runner.os }}
+        path: '**/*san_log_*'
+        if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+    - name: Upload sanitizer dump
+      if: always()
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+      with:
+        name: sanitizer-dump-${{ matrix.sys.sanitizer }}-${{ matrix.sys.compiler }}-${{ matrix.sys.version }}-${{ matrix.config.name }}-${{ runner.os }}
+        path: '**/AsanDump.dmp'
+        if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+    - name: Return errors if sanitizer log content is not empty
+      if: always()
+      run: |
+        if [ -n "$(find build/test -name '*san_log_*' -type f -size +0 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+          echo "Sanitizer detected errors. See the log for details."
+          exit 1
+        fi
diff --git a/cmake/sanitizers.cmake b/cmake/sanitizers.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11c7a1075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/sanitizers.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+set(AVALAIBLE_SANITIZERS "address;leak;memory;thread;undefined")
+OPTION(USE_SANITIZER "Enable sanitizer(s). Options are: ${AVALAIBLE_SANITIZERS}. Case insensitive; multiple options delimited by comma or space possible." "")
+string(TOLOWER "${USE_SANITIZER}" USE_SANITIZER)
+
+if((CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE IN_LIST "Debug;RelWithDebInfo") AND USE_SANITIZER)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "❌ Sanitizer only supported in Debug and RelWithDebInfo build types.")
+endif()
+
+if(USE_SANITIZER)
+    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+        set(CMAKE_MSVC_DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT "$<IF:$<AND:$<C_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>,$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>,$<$<CONFIG:Debug,RelWithDebInfo>:EditAndContinue>,$<$<CONFIG:Debug,RelWithDebInfo>:ProgramDatabase>>")
+
+        if(USE_SANITIZER MATCHES "address")
+            list(APPEND SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS /fsanitize=address /D_DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION /D_DISABLE_STRING_ANNOTATION)
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "❌ Sanitizer not supported by MSVC: ${USE_SANITIZER}. It only supports 'address'.")
+        endif()
+    elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_FRONTEND_VARIANT STREQUAL "MSVC")
+        if(USE_SANITIZER MATCHES "address")
+            list(APPEND SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS /fsanitize=address /D_DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION /D_DISABLE_STRING_ANNOTATION)
+            list(APPEND SANITIZER_LINK_LIBRARIES clang_rt.asan_dynamic-x86_64 clang_rt.asan_dynamic_runtime_thunk-x86_64)
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "❌ Sanitizer not supported by Clang-MSVC: ${USE_SANITIZER}. It only supports 'address'.")
+        endif()
+    elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "AppleClang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+        foreach(sanitizer ${USE_SANITIZER})
+            if(NOT ${sanitizer} IN_LIST AVALAIBLE_SANITIZERS)
+                message(FATAL_ERROR "❌ Sanitizer not supported: ${sanitizer}. It should be one of: ${AVALAIBLE_SANITIZERS}.")
+            endif()
+            list(APPEND SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS -fsanitize=${sanitizer})
+            list(APPEND SANITIZER_LINK_OPTIONS -fsanitize=${sanitizer})
+            if (${sanitizer} MATCHES "undefined")
+                list(APPEND SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS -fno-sanitize=signed-integer-overflow)
+            endif()
+            if (${sanitizer} MATCHES "memory")
+                list(APPEND SANITIZER_LINK_LIBRARIES -fsanitize-memory-track-origins -fPIE -pie)
+                list(APPEND SANITIZER_LINK_OPTIONS -fsanitize-memory-track-origins -fPIE -pie)
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+        list(APPEND SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS -fno-omit-frame-pointer)
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "❌ Sanitizer: Unsupported compiler: ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}")
+    endif()
+
+    list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+    list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES SANITIZER_LINK_OPTIONS)
+    list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES SANITIZER_LINK_LIBRARIES)
+
+    message(STATUS "🔍 Using sanitizer: ${USE_SANITIZER}")
+endif()
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
index d413fcd26..998ffcd6b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xstrides.hpp
@@ -171,6 +171,10 @@ namespace xt
     It strided_data_end(const C& c, It begin, layout_type l, size_type offset)
     {
         using difference_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::difference_type;
+        if (c.size() == 0 || std::find(c.shape().cbegin(), c.shape().cend(), size_type(0)) != c.shape().cend())
+        {
+            return begin;
+        }
         if (c.dimension() == 0)
         {
             ++begin;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
index 954b55a9b..caf37145e 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xfft.hpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace xt
                     auto odd = radix2(xt::view(ev, xt::range(1, _, 2)));
 #endif
 
-                    auto range = xt::arange<double>(N / 2);
+                    auto range = xt::arange<double>(static_cast<double>(N) / 2);
                     auto exp = xt::exp(static_cast<value_type>(-2i) * pi * range / N);
                     auto t = exp * odd;
                     auto first_half = even + t;
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ namespace xt
 
                 // Find a power-of-2 convolution length m such that m >= n * 2 + 1
                 const std::size_t n = data.size();
-                size_t m = std::ceil(std::log2(n * 2 + 1));
-                m = std::pow(2, m);
+                size_t m = static_cast<size_t>(std::ceil(std::log2(n * 2 + 1)));
+                m = static_cast<size_t>(std::pow(2, m));
 
                 // Trignometric table
                 auto exp_table = xt::xtensor<std::complex<precision>, 1>::from_shape({n});
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ namespace xt
         inline auto fft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
         {
             using value_type = typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type;
+            if (e.dimension() == 0)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot take the FFT of a scalar expression");
+            }
             if constexpr (xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value)
             {
                 using precision = typename value_type::value_type;
@@ -159,10 +163,14 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E>
         inline auto ifft(E&& e, std::ptrdiff_t axis = -1)
         {
+            if (e.dimension() == 0)
+            {
+                XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot take the iFFT of a scalar expression");
+            }
             if constexpr (xtl::is_complex<typename std::decay<E>::type::value_type>::value)
             {
                 // check the length of the data on that axis
-                const std::size_t n = e.shape(axis);
+                const std::size_t n = e.shape(xt::normalize_axis(e.dimension(), axis));
                 if (n == 0)
                 {
                     XTENSOR_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot take the iFFT along an empty dimention");
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 8341230ee..041a839cd 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -231,6 +231,9 @@ endforeach()
 
 file(GLOB XTENSOR_PREPROCESS_FILES files/cppy_source/*.cppy)
 
+# Sanitizer support
+include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/sanitizers.cmake)
+
 # This target should only be run when the test source files have been changed.
 add_custom_target(
     preprocess_cppy
@@ -258,6 +261,8 @@ foreach(filename IN LISTS COMMON_BASE XTENSOR_TESTS)
     endif()
     target_include_directories(${targetname} PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
     target_link_libraries(${targetname} PRIVATE xtensor doctest::doctest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+    target_compile_options(${targetname} PRIVATE  $<$<BOOL:USE_SANITIZER>:${SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS}>)
+    target_link_options(${targetname} PRIVATE  $<$<BOOL:USE_SANITIZER>:${SANITIZER_LINK_OPTIONS}>)
     add_custom_target(
         x${targetname}
         COMMAND ${targetname}
@@ -282,10 +287,30 @@ if(XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
     target_compile_definitions(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE XTENSOR_USE_OPENMP)
 endif()
 
+target_compile_options(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE  $<$<BOOL:USE_SANITIZER>:${SANITIZER_COMPILE_OPTIONS}>)
+target_link_options(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE  $<$<BOOL:USE_SANITIZER>:${SANITIZER_LINK_OPTIONS}>)
+
+# doctest's String union + MSan libc interceptors (strlen/strcmp) cause
+# false-positive use-of-uninitialized-value reports during reporter
+# registration and exception formatting. These cannot be suppressed at the
+# attribute level because MSan's libc interceptors check memory regardless
+# of calling-function attributes. The combined convenience binary therefore
+# opts out of MSan instrumentation so the xtest target can complete.
+# Individual per-test executables (test_xarray, test_xview, etc.) remain
+# fully instrumented and are the correct targets for MSan CI validation.
+if(USE_SANITIZER MATCHES "memory")
+  target_compile_options(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE -fno-sanitize=memory)
+  target_link_options(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE -fno-sanitize=memory)
+endif()
+
 target_include_directories(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE ${XTENSOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
 target_link_libraries(test_xtensor_lib PRIVATE xtensor  doctest::doctest ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 
-add_custom_target(xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib DEPENDS test_xtensor_lib)
+add_custom_target(
+  xtest
+  COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:test_xtensor_lib>
+  DEPENDS test_xtensor_lib
+)
 add_test(NAME xtest COMMAND test_xtensor_lib)
 
 # Some files will be compiled twice, however compiling common files in a static
diff --git a/test/msan_suppressions.txt b/test/msan_suppressions.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73be572ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/msan_suppressions.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# MSan false positive: doctest reporter registration during static init
+# doctest::String has internal padding that MSan flags as uninitialized
+# when std::map compares keys during insert.
+fun:*doctest::detail::registerReporterImpl*
+src:*doctest/doctest.h
diff --git a/test/test_xadapt.cpp b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
index 5876ff926..ef5451b91 100644
--- a/test/test_xadapt.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xadapt.cpp
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ namespace xt
             a1(1, 0) = static_cast<int>(i);
             EXPECT_EQ(i, data[i * size + st]);
         }
+
+        delete[] data;
     }
 
     TEST(xarray_adaptor, pointer_acquire_ownership)
@@ -300,6 +302,8 @@ namespace xt
             a1(1, 0) = static_cast<int>(i);
             EXPECT_EQ(i, data[i * size + st]);
         }
+
+        delete[] data;
     }
 
     TEST(xtensor_adaptor, pointer_const_no_ownership)
diff --git a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
index 9c625335e..d888ec396 100644
--- a/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xblockwise_reducer.cpp
@@ -111,14 +111,24 @@ namespace xt
             dynamic_shape<std::size_t> chunk_shape({5, 4, 2});
             xarray<int> input_exp(shape);
 
-            // just iota is a bit boring since it will
-            // lead to an uniform variance
-            std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < input_exp.size(); ++i)
+            if (std::is_same<tester_type, prod_tester>::value)
             {
-                if (i % 2)
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < input_exp.size(); ++i)
                 {
-                    input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+                    input_exp.flat(i) = (i % 2 == 0) ? 1 : -1;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // just iota is a bit boring since it will
+                // lead to an uniform variance
+                std::iota(input_exp.begin(), input_exp.end(), -5);
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < input_exp.size(); ++i)
+                {
+                    if (i % 2)
+                    {
+                        input_exp.flat(i) += 10;
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
index d6ad32b21..5b0a5fcb6 100644
--- a/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xbuffer_adaptor.cpp
@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ namespace xt
         size_t size2 = 50;
         XT_EXPECT_THROW(adapt.resize(size2), std::runtime_error);
         EXPECT_EQ(adapt.size(), size1);
+
+        delete[] data1;
     }
 
     TEST(xbuffer_adaptor, no_owner_iterating)
diff --git a/test/test_xfft.cpp b/test/test_xfft.cpp
index 7665cb592..a1b050ce4 100644
--- a/test/test_xfft.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xfft.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ namespace xt
         REQUIRE(A == doctest::Approx(std::abs(res(k))).epsilon(.0001));
     }
 
+    TEST(xfft, scalar_input_throws)
+    {
+        auto scalar = xt::xarray<float>::from_shape({});
+        scalar() = 1.0f;
+
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(xt::fft::fft(scalar), std::runtime_error);
+        XT_EXPECT_THROW(xt::fft::ifft(scalar), std::runtime_error);
+    }
+
     TEST(xfft, convolve_power_2)
     {
         xt::xarray<float> x = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 5.0};
diff --git a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
index 4ded1b7e9..333d0fb07 100644
--- a/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xmath_result_type.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, uchar_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<unsigned char> auchar(shape);
+        auto auchar = xt::zeros<unsigned char>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(auchar + auchar, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * auchar, int);
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, short_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<short> ashort(shape);
+        auto ashort = xt::zeros<short>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(ashort + ashort, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * ashort, int);
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, ushort_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<unsigned short> aushort(shape);
+        auto aushort = xt::zeros<unsigned short>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aushort + aushort, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2u * aushort, unsigned int);
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, int_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<int> aint(shape);
+        auto aint = xt::zeros<int>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aint + aint, int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * aint, int);
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, uint_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<unsigned int> auint(shape);
+        auto auint = xt::zeros<unsigned int>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(auint + auint, unsigned int);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2u * auint, unsigned int);
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, long_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<long long> along(shape);
+        auto along = xt::zeros<long long>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(along + along, signed long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2 * along, signed long long);
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, ulong_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<unsigned long long> aulong(shape);
+        auto aulong = xt::zeros<unsigned long long>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(aulong + aulong, unsigned long long);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2ul * aulong, unsigned long long);
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, float_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<float> afloat(shape);
+        auto afloat = xt::zeros<float>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(afloat + afloat, float);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0f * afloat, float);
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ namespace xt
     TEST(xmath, double_result_type)
     {
         shape_type shape = {3, 2};
-        xarray<double> adouble(shape);
+        auto adouble = xt::zeros<double>(shape);
 
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(adouble + adouble, double);
         CHECK_RESULT_TYPE(2.0 * adouble, double);

From 2f59efe325f26738e0d46f5dba391d07f638ccf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johan Mabille <johan.mabille@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 09:25:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 604/606] Change issue stalling to 1y (#2928)

# Checklist

- [ ] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [ ] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

<!---
Give any relevant description here.
If your PR fixes an issue, please include "Fixes #ISSUE" (substituting
the relevant issue ID).
-->
---
 .github/workflows/issue-close.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
index 7156c375c..25f105dd5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-close.yml
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/stale@v8
       with:
         any-of-issue-labels: Needs clarification, Answered, Stale?
-        days-before-issue-stale: 30
+        days-before-issue-stale: 365
         days-before-issue-close: 14
         stale-issue-label: Stale
         stale-issue-message: |
-          This issue is stale because it has been open for 30 days with no activity.
+          This issue is stale because it has been open for 365 days with no activity.
           It will be automatically closed in 14 days.
         close-issue-message: |
           This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days since being marked as stale.

From 38cd7ec5a8d8e86156ebe0fa85fdfeadb3963363 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Drew Hubley <96780897+spectre-ns@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 10:10:44 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 605/606] Partial elimination of TMP from xutils.hpp and
 patches for dependencies (#2923)

# Checklist

- [X] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [ ] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [X] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [X] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description
With concepts and constexpr the library can be more readable and less
reliant on recursion. This PR is the first of hopefully many that will
flatten the template structure in xtensor logic without changing public
interfaces or functionality. The goal is to make additional
optimizations and functionality easier to reason about and implement
moving forward.

Additionally, eliminating recursion should help compile times!
---
 include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp             |  12 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp               |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp         |  35 +--
 include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp           |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp           |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp               |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp           |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp              |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp    |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp       |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp      |   9 +-
 include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp             | 240 ++++++-------------
 include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp         |   2 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp      |   4 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp      |  24 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp            |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp |   6 +-
 include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp              | 131 +++++-----
 test/test_sfinae.cpp                         |  37 +--
 test/test_xeval.cpp                          |   2 +-
 test/test_xutils.cpp                         |  55 ++---
 21 files changed, 240 insertions(+), 351 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
index 904113814..174ddcdc0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xassign.hpp
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E1, class E2>
     inline void assign_xexpression(xexpression<E1>& e1, const xexpression<E2>& e2)
     {
-        if constexpr (has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value)
+        if constexpr (assignable_to_expression<E1, E2>)
         {
             e2.derived_cast().assign_to(e1);
         }
@@ -267,14 +267,14 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
         inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
-            -> std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
+            -> std::enable_if_t<strided_expression<E1>, bool>
         {
             return (E1::contiguous_layout && E2::contiguous_layout && linear_static_layout<E1, E2>())
                    || (e1.is_contiguous() && e2.has_linear_assign(e1.strides()));
         }
 
         template <class E1, class E2>
-        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1&, const E2&) -> std::enable_if_t<!has_strides<E1>::value, bool>
+        inline auto is_linear_assign(const E1&, const E2&) -> std::enable_if_t<!strided_expression<E1>, bool>
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ namespace xt
                 return std::is_reference<typename T::stepper::reference>::value;
             }
 
-            static constexpr bool value = has_strides<T>::value
+            static constexpr bool value = strided_expression<T>
                                           && has_step_leading<typename T::stepper>::value && stepper_deref();
         };
 
@@ -1002,13 +1002,13 @@ namespace xt
             const strides_type& m_strides;
         };
 
-        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<!has_strides<E1>::value || !possible, bool> = true>
+        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<!strided_expression<E1> || !possible, bool> = true>
         loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2&)
         {
             return {false, true, 1, e1.size(), e1.dimension(), e1.dimension()};
         }
 
-        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<has_strides<E1>::value && possible, bool> = true>
+        template <bool possible = true, class E1, class E2, std::enable_if_t<strided_expression<E1> && possible, bool> = true>
         loop_sizes_t get_loop_sizes(const E1& e1, const E2& e2)
         {
             using shape_value_type = typename E1::shape_type::value_type;
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
index 5ccbc1db9..d0ba070e9 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xeval.hpp
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
     inline auto as_strided(E&& e)
-        -> std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>(), E&&>
+        -> std::enable_if_t<data_interface_expression<std::decay_t<E>> && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>(), E&&>
     {
         return std::forward<E>(e);
     }
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace xt
     /// @cond DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_SFINAE
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
     inline auto as_strided(E&& e) -> std::enable_if_t<
-        (!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
+        (!(data_interface_expression<std::decay_t<E>> && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
             && detail::has_fixed_dims<E>(),
         detail::as_xtensor_container_t<E, L>>
     {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ namespace xt
 
     template <layout_type L = layout_type::any, class E>
     inline auto as_strided(E&& e) -> std::enable_if_t<
-        (!(has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
+        (!(data_interface_expression<std::decay_t<E>> && detail::has_same_layout<L, E>()))
             && (!detail::has_fixed_dims<E>()),
         detail::as_xarray_container_t<E, L>>
     {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
index 855c69706..49a662f17 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xexpression.hpp
@@ -525,15 +525,18 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_shape_type = typename E::inner_shape_type;
         using shape_type = typename E::shape_type;
 
-        using strides_type = xtl::mpl::
-            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_strides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::
-            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_backstrides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::
-            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_inner_strides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::
-            eval_if_t<has_strides<E>, detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<has_storage_type<E>, detail::expr_storage_type<E>, make_invalid_type<>>;
+        using strides_type = typename std::
+            conditional_t<strided_expression<E>, detail::expr_strides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
+        using backstrides_type = typename std::
+            conditional_t<strided_expression<E>, detail::expr_backstrides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
+        using inner_strides_type = typename std::
+            conditional_t<strided_expression<E>, detail::expr_inner_strides_type<E>, get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
+        using inner_backstrides_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            strided_expression<E>,
+            detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<E>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
+        using storage_type = typename std::
+            conditional_t<container_expression<E>, detail::expr_storage_type<E>, make_invalid_type<>>::type;
 
         using stepper = typename E::stepper;
         using const_stepper = typename E::const_stepper;
@@ -638,43 +641,43 @@ namespace xt
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&> strides() const
+        std::enable_if_t<strided_expression<T>, const inner_strides_type&> strides() const
         {
             return m_ptr->strides();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_strides<T>::value, const inner_strides_type&> backstrides() const
+        std::enable_if_t<strided_expression<T>, const inner_strides_type&> backstrides() const
         {
             return m_ptr->backstrides();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, pointer> data() noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<data_interface_expression<T>, pointer> data() noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->data();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, pointer> data() const noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<data_interface_expression<T>, pointer> data() const noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->data();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, size_type> data_offset() const noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<data_interface_expression<T>, size_type> data_offset() const noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->data_offset();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, typename T::storage_type&> storage() noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<data_interface_expression<T>, typename T::storage_type&> storage() noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->storage();
         }
 
         template <class T = E>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_data_interface<T>::value, const typename T::storage_type&> storage() const noexcept
+        std::enable_if_t<data_interface_expression<T>, const typename T::storage_type&> storage() const noexcept
         {
             return m_ptr->storage();
         }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
index 6459e998d..99144b377 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xfunction.hpp
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ namespace xt
     struct xcontainer_inner_types<xfunction<F, CT...>>
     {
         // Added indirection for MSVC 2017 bug with the operator value_type()
-        using func_return_type = typename meta_identity<
+        using func_return_type = typename std::type_identity<
             decltype(std::declval<F>()(std::declval<xvalue_type_t<std::decay_t<CT>>>()...))>::type;
         using value_type = std::decay_t<func_return_type>;
         using reference = func_return_type;
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
         E,
-        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_specialization_of<xfunction, E>::value>>
+        std::enable_if_t<!addressable_to_expression<E> && is_specialization_of<xfunction, E>::value>>
     {
         template <std::size_t I = 0, class... T, std::enable_if_t<(I == sizeof...(T)), int> = 0>
         static bool check_tuple(const std::tuple<T...>&, const memory_range&)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
index 14d386207..62f48173a 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xiterable.hpp
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ namespace xt
         };
 
         template <class D>
-        using linear_iterator_traits = linear_iterator_traits_impl<D, has_storage_type<D>::value>;
+        using linear_iterator_traits = linear_iterator_traits_impl<D, container_expression<D>>;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
index 827e84219..6b86c4b74 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xmath.hpp
@@ -350,13 +350,13 @@ namespace xt
     namespace detail
     {
         template <class R, class T>
-        std::enable_if_t<!has_iterator_interface<R>::value, R> fill_init(T init)
+        std::enable_if_t<!iterable_expression<R>, R> fill_init(T init)
         {
             return R(init);
         }
 
         template <class R, class T>
-        std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<R>::value, R> fill_init(T init)
+        std::enable_if_t<iterable_expression<R>, R> fill_init(T init)
         {
             R result;
             std::fill(std::begin(result), std::end(result), init);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp
index bafad4aca..05b3248c0 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xsemantic.hpp
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class E>
     struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<
         E,
-        std::enable_if_t<!has_memory_address<E>::value && is_crtp_base_of<xview_semantic, E>::value>>
+        std::enable_if_t<!addressable_to_expression<E> && is_crtp_base_of<xview_semantic, E>::value>>
     {
         static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
         {
diff --git a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
index 6988e69f3..1380f4e07 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/core/xshape.hpp
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param shape the shape to test
      * @return bool
      */
-    template <class E, class S, class = typename std::enable_if_t<has_iterator_interface<S>::value>>
+    template <class E, class S, class = typename std::enable_if_t<iterable_expression<S>>>
     inline bool has_shape(const E& e, const S& shape)
     {
         return e.shape().size() == shape.size()
diff --git a/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
index 66922c5be..c7dae5b05 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/generators/xgenerator.hpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace xt
      *************************************/
 
     template <xgenerator_concept E>
-        requires(without_memory_address_concept<E>)
+        requires(!addressable_to_expression<std::decay_t<E>>)
     struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E>
     {
         static bool check_overlap(const E&, const memory_range&)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E, class FE = F>
         void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const noexcept
-            requires(has_assign_to_v<E, FE>);
+            requires(assignable_to_expression<E, FE>);
 
         const functor_type& functor() const noexcept;
 
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class F, class R, class S>
     template <class E, class FE>
     inline void xgenerator<F, R, S>::assign_to(xexpression<E>& e) const noexcept
-        requires(has_assign_to_v<E, FE>)
+        requires(assignable_to_expression<E, FE>)
     {
         e.derived_cast().resize(m_shape);
         m_f.assign_to(e);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
index e20095f3e..56a78ca4b 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xmanipulation.hpp
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ namespace xt
         template <class E, class S, class X>
         inline void compute_transposed_strides(E&& e, const S& shape, X& strides)
         {
-            if constexpr (has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>::value)
+            if constexpr (data_interface_expression<std::decay_t<E>>)
             {
                 std::copy(e.strides().crbegin(), e.strides().crend(), strides.begin());
             }
diff --git a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
index 2a29a6b12..94c64cd62 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/misc/xset_operation.hpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #define XTENSOR_XSET_OPERATION_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <xtl/xsequence.hpp>
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class E, class F>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
-        requires(has_iterator_interface_concept<F>)
+        requires(iterable_expression<F>)
     {
         auto lambda = detail::lambda_isin<std::is_lvalue_reference<F>::value>::make(std::forward<F>(test_elements
         ));
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
      * @return a boolean array
      */
-    template <class E, iterator_concept I>
+    template <class E, std::forward_iterator I>
     inline auto isin(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
         auto lambda = [&test_elements_begin, &test_elements_end](const auto& t)
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ namespace xt
      */
     template <class E, class F>
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, F&& test_elements) noexcept
-        requires(has_iterator_interface_concept<F>)
+        requires(iterable_expression<F>)
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(test_elements.dimension() == 1ul);
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ namespace xt
      * @param test_elements_end iterator to the end of an array
      * @return a boolean array
      */
-    template <class E, iterator_concept I>
+    template <class E, std::forward_iterator I>
     inline auto in1d(E&& element, I&& test_elements_begin, I&& test_elements_end) noexcept
     {
         XTENSOR_ASSERT(element.dimension() == 1ul);
diff --git a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
index e93d8e688..ed4a04f48 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/utils/xutils.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <memory>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
@@ -101,16 +102,6 @@ namespace xt
     template <class T, class R>
     using disable_integral_t = std::enable_if_t<!xtl::is_integral<T>::value, R>;
 
-    /********************************
-     * meta identity implementation *
-     ********************************/
-
-    template <class T>
-    struct meta_identity
-    {
-        using type = T;
-    };
-
     /***************************************
      * is_specialization_of implementation *
      ***************************************/
@@ -471,14 +462,15 @@ namespace xt
      * get_value_type *
      ******************/
 
-    template <class T, class = void_t<>>
+    template <class T>
     struct get_value_type
     {
         using type = T;
     };
 
     template <class T>
-    struct get_value_type<T, void_t<typename T::value_type>>
+        requires requires { typename T::value_type; }
+    struct get_value_type<T>
     {
         using type = typename T::value_type;
     };
@@ -530,84 +522,29 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /***********************************
-     * has_storage_type implementation *
-     ***********************************/
-
-    template <class T, class = void>
-    struct has_storage_type : std::false_type
-    {
-    };
+     * container_expression / data_interface_expression / strided_expression / iterable_expression *
+     ************************************************************************************************/
 
     template <class T>
     struct xcontainer_inner_types;
 
     template <class T>
-    struct has_storage_type<T, void_t<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>>
-        : std::negation<
-              std::is_same<typename std::remove_cv<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>::type, invalid_type>>
-    {
-    };
-
-    /*************************************
-     * has_data_interface implementation *
-     *************************************/
-
-    template <class E, class = void>
-    struct has_data_interface : std::false_type
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <class E>
-    struct has_data_interface<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().data())>> : std::true_type
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <class E>
-    concept has_data_interface_concept = has_data_interface<E>::value;
-
-    template <class E, class = void>
-    struct has_strides : std::false_type
-    {
+    concept container_expression = requires {
+        typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type;
+        requires !std::is_same_v<typename std::remove_cv<typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type>::type, invalid_type>;
     };
 
-    template <class E>
-    struct has_strides<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().strides())>> : std::true_type
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <class E, class = void>
-    struct has_iterator_interface : std::false_type
-    {
-    };
+    template <class T>
+    using get_storage_type_t = typename xcontainer_inner_types<T>::storage_type;
 
     template <class E>
-    struct has_iterator_interface<E, void_t<decltype(std::declval<E>().begin())>> : std::true_type
-    {
-    };
+    concept data_interface_expression = requires { std::declval<E>().data(); };
 
     template <class E>
-    concept has_iterator_interface_concept = has_iterator_interface<E>::value;
-
-    /******************************
-     * is_iterator implementation *
-     ******************************/
-
-    template <class E, class = void>
-    struct is_iterator : std::false_type
-    {
-    };
+    concept strided_expression = requires { std::declval<E>().strides(); };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct is_iterator<
-        E,
-        void_t<
-            decltype(*std::declval<const E>(), std::declval<const E>() == std::declval<const E>(), std::declval<const E>() != std::declval<const E>(), ++(*std::declval<E*>()), (*std::declval<E*>())++, std::true_type())>>
-        : std::true_type
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <typename E>
-    concept iterator_concept = is_iterator<E>::value;
+    concept iterable_expression = requires { std::declval<E>().begin(); };
 
     /*************************
      * conditional type cast *
@@ -736,41 +673,18 @@ namespace xt
     }
 
     /*****************
-     * has_assign_to *
-     *****************/
-
-    template <class E1, class E2, class = void>
-    struct has_assign_to : std::false_type
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <class E1, class E2>
-    struct has_assign_to<E1, E2, void_t<decltype(std::declval<const E2&>().assign_to(std::declval<E1&>()))>>
-        : std::true_type
-    {
-    };
+     * assignable_to *
+     ******************/
 
     template <class E1, class E2>
-    constexpr bool has_assign_to_v = has_assign_to<E1, E2>::value;
+    concept assignable_to_expression = requires { std::declval<const E2&>().assign_to(std::declval<E1&>()); };
 
     /*************************************
      * overlapping_memory_checker_traits *
      *************************************/
 
-    template <class T, class Enable = void>
-    struct has_memory_address : std::false_type
-    {
-    };
-
     template <class T>
-    struct has_memory_address<T, void_t<decltype(std::addressof(*std::declval<T>().begin()))>> : std::true_type
-    {
-    };
-
-    template <typename T>
-    concept with_memory_address_concept = has_memory_address<std::decay_t<T>>::value;
-    template <typename T>
-    concept without_memory_address_concept = !has_memory_address<std::decay_t<T>>::value;
+    concept addressable_to_expression = requires { std::addressof(*std::declval<T>().begin()); };
 
     struct memory_range
     {
@@ -814,7 +728,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E, std::enable_if_t<has_memory_address<E>::value>>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E, std::enable_if_t<addressable_to_expression<E>>>
     {
         static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
         {
@@ -864,7 +778,7 @@ namespace xt
     };
 
     template <class Dst>
-    struct overlapping_memory_checker<Dst, std::enable_if_t<has_memory_address<Dst>::value>>
+    struct overlapping_memory_checker<Dst, std::enable_if_t<addressable_to_expression<Dst>>>
         : overlapping_memory_checker_base
     {
         explicit overlapping_memory_checker(const Dst& aDst)
@@ -918,102 +832,104 @@ namespace xt
     };
 #endif
 
-    /********************
-     * get_strides_type *
-     ********************/
+    /***************
+     * get_strides *
+     ***************/
 
+    template <class CP, class O, class A>
+    class xbuffer_adaptor;
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <class>
+        inline constexpr bool is_fixed_shape_v = false;
+
+        template <std::size_t... I>
+        inline constexpr bool is_fixed_shape_v<fixed_shape<I...>> = true;
+
+        template <class>
+        inline constexpr bool is_xbuffer_adaptor_v = false;
+
+        template <class CP, class O, class A>
+        inline constexpr bool is_xbuffer_adaptor_v<xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>> = true;
+
+        template <class S>
+        concept fixed_shape_type = is_fixed_shape_v<S>;
+
+        template <class S>
+        concept xbuffer_adaptor_type = is_xbuffer_adaptor_v<S>;
+    }
+
+    // Defers strides-type mapping so callers can use it inside std::conditional_t<cond, A, B>::type
+    // without evaluating both branches (see xshared_expression in xexpression.hpp).
     template <class S>
     struct get_strides_type
     {
         using type = typename rebind_container<std::ptrdiff_t, S>::type;
     };
 
-    template <std::size_t... I>
-    struct get_strides_type<fixed_shape<I...>>
+    template <detail::fixed_shape_type S>
+    struct get_strides_type<S>
     {
         // TODO we could compute the strides statically here.
         //  But we'll need full constexpr support to have a
         //  homogenous ``compute_strides`` method
-        using type = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, sizeof...(I)>;
+        using type = std::array<std::ptrdiff_t, S::size()>;
     };
 
-    template <class CP, class O, class A>
-    class xbuffer_adaptor;
-
-    template <class CP, class O, class A>
-    struct get_strides_type<xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>>
+    template <detail::xbuffer_adaptor_type S>
+    struct get_strides_type<S>
     {
         // In bindings this mapping is called by reshape_view with an inner shape of type
         // xbuffer_adaptor.
         // Since we cannot create a buffer adaptor holding data, we map it to an std::vector.
-        using type = std::vector<
-            typename xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>::value_type,
-            typename xbuffer_adaptor<CP, O, A>::allocator_type>;
+        using type = std::vector<typename S::value_type, typename S::allocator_type>;
     };
 
-
-    template <class C>
-    using get_strides_t = typename get_strides_type<C>::type;
+    template <class S>
+    using get_strides_t = typename get_strides_type<S>::type;
 
     /*******************
      * inner_reference *
      *******************/
 
     template <class ST>
-    struct inner_reference
-    {
-        using storage_type = std::decay_t<ST>;
-        using type = std::conditional_t<
-            std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<ST>>::value,
-            typename storage_type::const_reference,
-            typename storage_type::reference>;
-    };
-
-    template <class ST>
-    using inner_reference_t = typename inner_reference<ST>::type;
+    using inner_reference_t = std::conditional_t<
+        std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<ST>>::value,
+        typename std::decay_t<ST>::const_reference,
+        typename std::decay_t<ST>::reference>;
 
     /************
      * get_rank *
      ************/
 
-    template <class E, typename = void>
-    struct get_rank
-    {
-        static constexpr std::size_t value = SIZE_MAX;
+    // Define the requirement
+    template <typename T>
+    concept HasRank = requires {
+        T::rank;  // Checks if T::rank exists as a type nested member
     };
 
     template <class E>
-    struct get_rank<E, decltype((void) E::rank, void())>
+    constexpr std::size_t has_rank()
     {
-        static constexpr std::size_t value = E::rank;
-    };
-
-    /******************
-     * has_fixed_rank *
-     ******************/
+        return HasRank<E>;
+    }
 
     template <class E>
-    struct has_fixed_rank
+    constexpr std::size_t get_rank()
     {
-        using type = std::integral_constant<bool, get_rank<std::decay_t<E>>::value != SIZE_MAX>;
-    };
+        if constexpr (HasRank<std::decay_t<E>>)
+        {
+            return std::decay_t<E>::rank;
+        }
+        return SIZE_MAX;
+    }
 
     template <class E>
-    using has_fixed_rank_t = typename has_fixed_rank<std::decay_t<E>>::type;
-
-    /************
-     * has_rank *
-     ************/
-
-    template <class E, size_t N>
-    struct has_rank
+    constexpr std::size_t has_fixed_rank()
     {
-        using type = std::integral_constant<bool, get_rank<std::decay_t<E>>::value == N>;
-    };
-
-    template <class E, size_t N>
-    using has_rank_t = typename has_rank<std::decay_t<E>, N>::type;
-
+        return get_rank<E>() != SIZE_MAX;
+    }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
index 68b11d443..ae092c2bb 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xbroadcast.hpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace xt
      *************************************/
 
     template <xbroadcast_concept E>
-        requires(without_memory_address_concept<E>)
+        requires(!addressable_to_expression<std::decay_t<E>>)
     struct overlapping_memory_checker_traits<E>
     {
         static bool check_overlap(const E& expr, const memory_range& dst_range)
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
index 5ab298f23..777ec66d3 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xdynamic_view.hpp
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ namespace xt
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ == 8
         static constexpr auto
-            random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_data_iface = has_data_interface<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
+            random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_data_iface = data_interface_expression<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>;
         static constexpr auto
-            random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_has_strides = has_strides<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>::value;
+            random_instantiation_var_for_gcc8_has_strides = strided_expression<xdynamic_view<CT, S, L, FST>>;
 #endif
 
         // TODO: implement efficient stepper specific to the dynamic_view
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
index 1c76a91b5..bedbbe828 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xfunctor_view.hpp
@@ -93,24 +93,24 @@ namespace xt
         using difference_type = typename xexpression_type::difference_type;
 
         using shape_type = typename xexpression_type::shape_type;
-        using strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+        using strides_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            strided_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
+        using backstrides_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            strided_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
 
         using inner_shape_type = typename xexpression_type::inner_shape_type;
-        using inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+        using inner_strides_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            strided_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
-        using inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
+        using inner_backstrides_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            strided_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
 
         using bool_load_type = xt::bool_load_type<value_type>;
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp
index 0c119c9af..f94e93d19 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xrepeat.hpp
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         static constexpr bool is_const = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value;
 
-        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
+        using extract_storage_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            data_interface_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
-            make_invalid_type<>>;
+            make_invalid_type<>>::type;
         using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const extract_storage_type, extract_storage_type>;
     };
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
index 28f233d87..bea02ac12 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xstrided_view_base.hpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E, class ST>
         struct provides_data_interface
-            : std::conjunction<has_data_interface<std::decay_t<E>>, std::negation<is_flat_expression_adaptor<ST>>>
+            : std::bool_constant<data_interface_expression<std::decay_t<E>> && !is_flat_expression_adaptor<ST>::value>
         {
         };
     }
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class CT, layout_type L>
         using flat_storage_getter = std::conditional_t<
-            has_data_interface<std::decay_t<CT>>::value,
+            data_interface_expression<std::decay_t<CT>>,
             inner_storage_getter<CT>,
             flat_adaptor_getter<CT, L>>;
 
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class O>
     inline bool xstrided_view_base<D>::has_linear_assign(const O& str) const noexcept
     {
-        return has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && str.size() == strides().size()
+        return data_interface_expression<xexpression_type> && str.size() == strides().size()
                && std::equal(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), strides().begin());
     }
 
diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
index 025df0ae4..c647572de 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xview.hpp
@@ -135,27 +135,26 @@ namespace xt
                                               : false;
         };
 
-        template <class S>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl : std::true_type
-        {
-        };
+        template <typename S>
+        inline constexpr bool is_strided_slice_impl = true;
+        template <typename T>
+        inline constexpr bool is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>> = false;
+        template <typename T>
+        inline constexpr bool is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>> = false;
 
-        template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xkeep_slice<T>> : std::false_type
-        {
-        };
+        template <typename S>
+        concept is_strided_slice_concept = is_strided_slice_impl<S>;
 
-        template <class T>
-        struct is_strided_slice_impl<xdrop_slice<T>> : std::false_type
+        template <class... S>
+        constexpr bool is_strided_slice()
         {
-        };
+            return (is_strided_slice_concept<std::decay_t<S>> && ...);
+        }
 
         // If we have no discontiguous slices, we can calculate strides for this view.
         template <class E, class... S>
         struct is_strided_view
-            : std::integral_constant<
-                  bool,
-                  std::conjunction<has_data_interface<E>, is_strided_slice_impl<std::decay_t<S>>...>::value>
+            : std::integral_constant<bool, data_interface_expression<E> && is_strided_slice<S...>()>
         {
         };
 
@@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ namespace xt
         struct is_contiguous_view
             : std::integral_constant<
                   bool,
-                  has_data_interface<E>::value
+                  data_interface_expression<E>
                       && !(
                           E::static_layout == layout_type::column_major
                           && static_cast<std::size_t>(static_dimension<typename E::shape_type>::value) != sizeof...(S)
@@ -309,10 +308,10 @@ namespace xt
 
         static constexpr bool is_const = std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<CT>>::value;
 
-        using extract_storage_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>,
+        using extract_storage_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            data_interface_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_storage_type<xexpression_type>,
-            make_invalid_type<>>;
+            make_invalid_type<>>::type;
         using storage_type = std::conditional_t<is_const, const extract_storage_type, extract_storage_type>;
     };
 
@@ -397,15 +396,15 @@ namespace xt
         using inner_shape_type = typename iterable_base::inner_shape_type;
         using shape_type = typename xview_shape_type<typename xexpression_type::shape_type, S...>::type;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+        using xexpression_inner_strides_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            strided_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_inner_strides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
 
-        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = xtl::mpl::eval_if_t<
-            has_strides<xexpression_type>,
+        using xexpression_inner_backstrides_type = typename std::conditional_t<
+            strided_expression<xexpression_type>,
             detail::expr_inner_backstrides_type<xexpression_type>,
-            get_strides_type<shape_type>>;
+            get_strides_type<shape_type>>::type;
 
         using storage_type = typename inner_types::storage_type;
 
@@ -437,11 +436,11 @@ namespace xt
         using const_stepper = typename iterable_base::const_stepper;
 
         using linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
-            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+            data_interface_expression<xexpression_type> && is_strided_view,
             std::conditional_t<is_const, typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator, typename xexpression_type::linear_iterator>,
             typename iterable_base::linear_iterator>;
         using const_linear_iterator = std::conditional_t<
-            has_data_interface<xexpression_type>::value && is_strided_view,
+            data_interface_expression<xexpression_type> && is_strided_view,
             typename xexpression_type::const_linear_iterator,
             typename iterable_base::const_linear_iterator>;
 
@@ -510,79 +509,79 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         storage_type& storage()
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const storage_type& storage() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         linear_iterator linear_begin()
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         linear_iterator linear_end()
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_linear_iterator linear_begin() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_linear_iterator linear_end() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_linear_iterator linear_cbegin() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_linear_iterator linear_cend() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin()
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend()
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rbegin() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_rend() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crbegin() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_reverse_linear_iterator linear_crend() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const inner_strides_type& strides() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const inner_strides_type& backstrides() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         const_pointer data() const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         pointer data()
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class T = xexpression_type>
         std::size_t data_offset() const noexcept
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>);
 
         template <class It>
         inline It data_xbegin_impl(It begin) const noexcept;
@@ -616,7 +615,7 @@ namespace xt
 
         template <class E, class T = xexpression_type>
         void assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const
-            requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and contiguous_view_concept<E, S...>);
+            requires(data_interface_expression<T> and contiguous_view_concept<E, S...>);
 
         template <class E>
         using rebind_t = xview<E, S...>;
@@ -1153,7 +1152,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() -> storage_type&
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T>)
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
@@ -1161,7 +1160,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::storage() const -> const storage_type&
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T>)
     {
         return m_e.storage();
     }
@@ -1169,7 +1168,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin() -> linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset();
     }
@@ -1177,7 +1176,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end() -> linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().begin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
@@ -1185,7 +1184,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_begin() const -> const_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_cbegin();
     }
@@ -1193,7 +1192,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_end() const -> const_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_cend();
     }
@@ -1201,7 +1200,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cbegin() const -> const_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset();
     }
@@ -1209,7 +1208,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_cend() const -> const_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.storage().cbegin() + data_offset() + this->size();
     }
@@ -1217,7 +1216,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin() -> reverse_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
@@ -1225,7 +1224,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend() -> reverse_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
@@ -1233,7 +1232,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rbegin() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_crbegin();
     }
@@ -1241,7 +1240,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_rend() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return linear_crend();
     }
@@ -1249,7 +1248,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crbegin() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_end());
     }
@@ -1257,7 +1256,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     auto xview<CT, S...>::linear_crend() const -> const_reverse_linear_iterator
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return const_reverse_linear_iterator(linear_begin());
     }
@@ -1268,7 +1267,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::strides() const
-        -> const inner_strides_type& requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>) {
+        -> const inner_strides_type& requires(data_interface_expression<T>and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>) {
             if (!m_strides_computed)
             {
                 compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
@@ -1280,7 +1279,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::backstrides() const
-        -> const inner_strides_type& requires(has_data_interface_concept<T>and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>) {
+        -> const inner_strides_type& requires(data_interface_expression<T>and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>) {
             if (!m_strides_computed)
             {
                 compute_strides(std::integral_constant<bool, has_trivial_strides>{});
@@ -1295,7 +1294,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() const -> const_pointer
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -1303,7 +1302,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline auto xview<CT, S...>::data() -> pointer
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         return m_e.data();
     }
@@ -1335,7 +1334,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class T>
     inline std::size_t xview<CT, S...>::data_offset() const noexcept
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and strided_view_concept<CT, S...>)
     {
         if (!m_strides_computed)
         {
@@ -1452,7 +1451,7 @@ namespace xt
     template <class CT, class... S>
     template <class E, class T>
     void xview<CT, S...>::assign_to(xexpression<E>& e, bool force_resize) const
-        requires(has_data_interface_concept<T> and contiguous_view_concept<E, S...>)
+        requires(data_interface_expression<T> and contiguous_view_concept<E, S...>)
     {
         auto& de = e.derived_cast();
         de.resize(shape(), force_resize);
diff --git a/test/test_sfinae.cpp b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
index f79277ac7..d2e8cc8ca 100644
--- a/test/test_sfinae.cpp
+++ b/test/test_sfinae.cpp
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@
 
 namespace xt
 {
-    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<(xt::get_rank<E>() != 2), int> = 0>
     inline size_t sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&&)
     {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<(xt::get_rank<E>() == 2), int> = 0>
     inline size_t sfinae_rank_basic_func(E&&)
     {
         return 2;
@@ -50,19 +50,19 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_basic_func(2ul * c) == 0ul);
     }
 
-    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, SIZE_MAX>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<(xt::get_rank<E>() == SIZE_MAX), int> = 0>
     inline size_t sfinae_rank_func(E&&)
     {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 1>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<(xt::get_rank<E>() == 1), int> = 0>
     inline size_t sfinae_rank_func(E&&)
     {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_rank_t<E, 2>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<(xt::get_rank<E>() == 2), int> = 0>
     inline size_t sfinae_rank_func(E&&)
     {
         return 2;
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_rank_func(2ul * c) == 0ul);
     }
 
-    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_fixed_rank_t<E>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<!xt::has_fixed_rank<E>(), int> = 0>
     inline bool sfinae_fixed_func(E&&)
     {
         return false;
     }
 
-    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_fixed_rank_t<E>::value, int> = 0>
+    template <class E, std::enable_if_t<xt::has_fixed_rank<E>(), int> = 0>
     inline bool sfinae_fixed_func(E&&)
     {
         return true;
@@ -116,28 +116,17 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_fixed_func(2ul * c) == false);
     }
 
-    template <class T>
-    struct sfinae_get_rank
-    {
-        static const size_t rank = xt::get_rank<T>::value;
-
-        static size_t value()
-        {
-            return rank;
-        }
-    };
-
     TEST(sfinae, get_rank)
     {
         xt::xtensor<double, 1> A = xt::zeros<double>({2});
         xt::xtensor<double, 2> B = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
         xt::xarray<double> C = xt::zeros<double>({2, 2});
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(A)>::value() == 1ul);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(B)>::value() == 2ul);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(C)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(2.0 * A)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(2.0 * B)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(sfinae_get_rank<decltype(2.0 * C)>::value() == SIZE_MAX);
+        static_assert(get_rank<decltype(A)>() == 1ul);
+        static_assert(get_rank<decltype(B)>() == 2ul);
+        static_assert(get_rank<decltype(C)>() == SIZE_MAX);
+        static_assert(get_rank<decltype(2.0 * A)>() == SIZE_MAX);
+        static_assert(get_rank<decltype(2.0 * B)>() == SIZE_MAX);
+        static_assert(get_rank<decltype(2.0 * C)>() == SIZE_MAX);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/test_xeval.cpp b/test/test_xeval.cpp
index f585bfd43..18c454425 100644
--- a/test/test_xeval.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xeval.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace xt
 
 #define EXPECT_LAYOUT(EXPRESSION, LAYOUT) EXPECT_TRUE((decltype(EXPRESSION)::static_layout == LAYOUT))
 
-#define HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(EXPRESSION) has_data_interface<std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>>::value
+#define HAS_DATA_INTERFACE(EXPRESSION) data_interface_expression<std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>>
 
 #define EXPECT_XARRAY(EXPRESSION) \
     EXPECT_TRUE(!detail::is_array<typename std::decay_t<decltype(EXPRESSION)>::shape_type>::value)
diff --git a/test/test_xutils.cpp b/test/test_xutils.cpp
index e46a883c8..6107c4bce 100644
--- a/test/test_xutils.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xutils.cpp
@@ -124,14 +124,10 @@ namespace xt
 
     TEST(utils, has_data_interface)
     {
-        bool b = has_data_interface<xarray<int>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_data_interface<const xarray<int>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_data_interface<const xtensor<double, 2>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_data_interface<const xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
+        static_assert(data_interface_expression<xarray<int>>);
+        static_assert(data_interface_expression<const xarray<int>>);
+        static_assert(data_interface_expression<const xtensor<double, 2>>);
+        static_assert(data_interface_expression<const xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>>>);
 
         xarray<int> a = xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 4, 5});
         auto f = a + a - 23;
@@ -139,39 +135,27 @@ namespace xt
         auto vv2 = strided_view(v2, {all(), 2});
         auto v3 = strided_view(f, {all(), 2});
 
-        b = has_data_interface<decltype(v2)>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_data_interface<decltype(vv2)>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_data_interface<decltype(v3)>::value;
-        EXPECT_FALSE(b);
+        static_assert(data_interface_expression<decltype(v2)>);
+        static_assert(data_interface_expression<decltype(vv2)>);
+        static_assert(!data_interface_expression<decltype(v3)>);
     }
 
     TEST(utils, has_storage_type)
     {
-        bool b = has_storage_type<xarray<int>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
+        static_assert(container_expression<xarray<int>>);
 
         xarray<int> x, y;
-        b = has_storage_type<decltype(x + y)>::value;
-        EXPECT_FALSE(b);
-
-        b = has_storage_type<decltype(view(x, all()))>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_storage_type<decltype(view(2 * x, all()))>::value;
-        EXPECT_FALSE(b);
+        static_assert(!container_expression<decltype(x + y)>);
+        static_assert(container_expression<decltype(view(x, all()))>);
+        static_assert(!container_expression<decltype(view(2 * x, all()))>);
     }
 
     TEST(utils, has_strides)
     {
-        bool b = has_strides<xarray<int>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_strides<const xarray<int>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_strides<const xtensor<double, 2>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_strides<const xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>>>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
+        static_assert(strided_expression<xarray<int>>);
+        static_assert(strided_expression<const xarray<int>>);
+        static_assert(strided_expression<const xtensor<double, 2>>);
+        static_assert(strided_expression<const xtensor_fixed<double, xshape<3, 4>>>);
 
         xarray<int> a = xarray<int>::from_shape({3, 4, 5});
         auto f = a + a - 23;
@@ -179,15 +163,12 @@ namespace xt
         auto vv2 = strided_view(v2, {all(), 2});
         auto v3 = strided_view(f, {all(), 2});
 
-        b = has_strides<decltype(v2)>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-        b = has_strides<decltype(vv2)>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
+        static_assert(strided_expression<decltype(v2)>);
+        static_assert(strided_expression<decltype(vv2)>);
 
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
         // TODO fix this test for MSVC 2015!
-        b = has_strides<decltype(v3)>::value;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(b);
+        static_assert(strided_expression<decltype(v3)>);
 #endif
     }
 

From 37f13722ec96d2d9760f780b00a0e6b60f40e5dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Maya Ogita <89618572+m-ogita@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 22:16:56 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 606/606] Prevent view creation with underflowed size (#2927)

# Checklist

- [x] The title and commit message(s) are descriptive.
- [x] Small commits made to fix your PR have been squashed to avoid
history pollution.
- [x] Tests have been added for new features or bug fixes.
- [ ] API of new functions and classes are documented.

# Description

When a slice with conditions such as `start > stop && step > 0` (or vice
versa) is used to create a view (sliced or strided), the resulting array
view can have an enormous size. Accessing its elements then leads to
undefined behavior.

Here is a minimal example:

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <xtensor/containers/xarray.hpp>
#include <xtensor/views/xview.hpp>

int main()
{
    xt::xarray<int>::shape_type shape = {5};
    xt::xarray<int> a(shape);

    // v := a[3:0:1]
    auto slice = xt::range(3, 0, 1);
    auto v = xt::view(a, slice);

    // Print the shape of v
    for (auto e : v.shape())
    {
        std::cout << e << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}
```

The expected output is `0`, but the actual output is
`18446744073709551613`.

The cause of this issue appears to be the size calculation in the
`xstepped_range` constructor in
`xtensor/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp`, shown below:

```cpp
template <class T>
inline xstepped_range<T>::xstepped_range(size_type start_val, size_type stop_val, size_type step) noexcept
    : m_start(start_val)
    , m_size(size_type(0))
    , m_step(step)
{
    size_type n = stop_val - start_val;
    m_size = n / step + (((n < 0) ^ (step > 0)) && (n % step));
}
```

When `start_val` is greater than `stop_val` (or more precisely, when
`stop_val - start_val` has the opposite sign from `step`), `m_size` can
become negative. This subsequently causes the resulting size to
underflow.

One simple way to fix this issue is to clamp `m_size` to a minimum value
of `0`:

```cpp
template <class T>
inline xstepped_range<T>::xstepped_range(size_type start_val, size_type stop_val, size_type step) noexcept
    : m_start(start_val)
    , m_size(size_type(0))
    , m_step(step)
{
    size_type n = stop_val - start_val;
    m_size = std::max(n / step + (((n < 0) ^ (step > 0)) && (n % step)), size_type(0));
}
```

Note on terminology: > I used the term "underflow" to describe "integer
underflow", the behavior where subtracting from a small unsigned integer
results in a huge value.
---
 include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp |  7 ++++++-
 test/test_xview.cpp              | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
index d2142fb82..cdae97c9f 100644
--- a/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
+++ b/include/xtensor/views/xslice.hpp
@@ -1058,8 +1058,13 @@ namespace xt
         , m_size(size_type(0))
         , m_step(step)
     {
+        if ((step > 0 && start_val >= stop_val) || (step < 0 && start_val <= stop_val))
+        {
+            m_size = 0;
+            return;
+        }
         size_type n = stop_val - start_val;
-        m_size = n / step + (((n < 0) ^ (step > 0)) && (n % step));
+        m_size = n / step + static_cast<bool>(n % step);
     }
 
     template <class T>
diff --git a/test/test_xview.cpp b/test/test_xview.cpp
index 18449b742..6547b9df1 100644
--- a/test/test_xview.cpp
+++ b/test/test_xview.cpp
@@ -226,6 +226,41 @@ namespace xt
         EXPECT_EQ(view0, view1);
     }
 
+    TEST(xview, negative_step)
+    {
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
+        xarray<double> a(shape);
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
+        std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
+
+        auto view0 = view(a, 1, range(3, 0, -1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view0.dimension());
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(3), view0.shape(0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 3), view0(0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 2), view0(1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(a(1, 1), view0(2));
+    }
+
+    TEST(xview, size_zero)
+    {
+        view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};
+        xarray<double> a(shape);
+        std::vector<double> data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
+        std::copy(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), a.template begin<layout_type::row_major>());
+
+        auto view0 = view(a, 1, range(0, 0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view0.dimension());
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), view0.shape(0));
+
+        auto view1 = view(a, 1, range(3, 0, 1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view1.dimension());
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), view1.shape(0));
+
+        auto view2 = view(a, 1, range(0, 3, -1));
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(1), view2.dimension());
+        EXPECT_EQ(size_t(0), view2.shape(0));
+    }
+
     TEST(xview, stored_range)
     {
         view_shape_type shape = {3, 4};