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时区是地球上的区域使用同一个时间定义。以前,人们通过观察太阳的位置(时角)决定时间,这就使得不同经度的地方的时间有所不同(地方时)。1863年,首次使用时区的概念。时区通过设立一个区域的标准时间部分地解决了这个问题。
世界各个国家位于地球不同位置上,因此不同国家,特别是东西跨度大的国家日出、日落时间必定有所偏差。这些偏差就是所谓的时差。
为了照顾到各地区的使用方便,又使其他地方的人容易将本地的时间换算到别的地方时间上去。有关国际会议决定将地球表面按经线从东到西,划成一个个区域,并且规定相邻区域的时间相差1小时。在同一区域内的东端和西端的人看到太阳升起的时间最多相差不过1小时。当人们跨过一个区域,就将自己的时钟校正1小时(向西减1小时,向东加1小时),跨过几个区域就加或减几小时。这样使用起来就很方便。现今全球共分为24个时区。由于实用上常常1个国家,或1个省份同时跨着2个或更多时区,为了照顾到行政上的方便,常将1个国家或1个省份划在一起。所以时区并不严格按南北直线来划分,而是按自然条件来划分。例如,中国幅员宽广,差不多跨5个时区,但为了使用方便简单,实际上在只用东八时区的标准时即北京时间为准。
北京时间比洛杉矶时间早15或者16个小时。具体和时令有关。
北京时间比纽约时间早12或者13个小时。具体和时令有关。
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