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@@ -30,34 +29,34 @@ long double sin(long double x); // C++ only
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### Parameters
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*x*\
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*`x`*\
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Angle in radians.
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## Return value
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The **sin** functions return the sine of *x*. If *x* is greater than or equal to 263, or less than or equal to -263, a loss of significance in the result occurs.
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The **`sin`** functions return the sine of *`x`*. If *`x`* is greater than or equal to 263, or less than or equal to -263, a loss of significance in the result occurs.
For more information about return codes, see [errno, _doserrno, _sys_errlist, and _sys_nerr](../../c-runtime-library/errno-doserrno-sys-errlist-and-sys-nerr.md).
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For more information about return codes, see [`errno`, `_doserrno`, `_sys_errlist`, and `_sys_nerr`](../../c-runtime-library/errno-doserrno-sys-errlist-and-sys-nerr.md).
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## Remarks
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Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **sin** that take and return **`float`** or **`long double`** values. In a C program, unless you're using the \<tgmath.h> macro to call this function, **sin** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **`sin`** that take and return **`float`** or **`long double`** values. In a C program, unless you're using the `<tgmath.h>` macro to call this function, **`sin`** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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If you use the \<tgmath.h> `sin()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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If you use the `<tgmath.h> sin()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change this, see [Global state in the CRT](../global-state.md).
Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **sqrt** that take **`float`** or **`long double`** types. In a C program, unless you're using the \<tgmath.h> macro to call this function, **sqrt** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **`sqrt`** that take **`float`** or **`long double`** types. In a C program, unless you're using the `<tgmath.h>` macro to call this function, **`sqrt`** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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If you use the \<tgmath.h> `sqrt()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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If you use the `<tgmath.h> sqrt()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change this, see [Global state in the CRT](../global-state.md).
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## Return Value
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The **sqrt** functions return the square-root of *x*. By default, if *x* is negative, **sqrt** returns an indefinite NaN.
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The **`sqrt`** functions return the square-root of *`x`*. By default, if *`x`* is negative, **`sqrt`** returns an indefinite `NaN`.
The class describes the storage and member functions common to both input and output streams that do not depend on the template parameters. (The class template [`basic_ios`](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md) describes what is common and is dependent on template parameters.)
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An object of class ios_base stores formatting information, which consists of:
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An object of class `ios_base` stores formatting information, which consists of:
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- Format flags in an object of type [`fmtflags`](#fmtflags).
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@@ -20,11 +19,11 @@ An object of class ios_base stores formatting information, which consists of:
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- A display precision in an object of type `int`.
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- A locale object in an object of type `locale`.
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- A `locale` object in an object of type `locale`.
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- Two extensible arrays, with elements of type `long` and `void` pointer.
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An object of class ios_base also stores stream state information, in an object of type [`iostate`](#iostate), and a callback stack.
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An object of class `ios_base` also stores stream state information, in an object of type [`iostate`](#iostate), and a callback stack.
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## Members
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|Name|Description|
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|-|-|
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|[`failure`](#failure)|The member class serves as the base class for all exceptions thrown by the member function [clear](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md#clear) in class template [basic_ios](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md).|
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|[`failure`](#failure)|The member class serves as the base class for all exceptions thrown by the member function [clear](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md#clear) in class template [`basic_ios`](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md).|
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|[`flags`](#flags)|Sets or returns the current flag settings.|
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|[`getloc`](#getloc)|Returns the stored locale object.|
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|[`getloc`](#getloc)|Returns the stored `locale` object.|
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|[`imbue`](#imbue)|Changes the locale.|
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|[`Init`](#init)|Creates the standard `iostream` objects when constructed.|
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|[`iword`](#iword)|Assigns a value to be stored as an `iword`.|
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## Requirements
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**Header:**\<ios>
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**Header:**`<ios>`
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**Namespace:** std
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**Namespace:**`std`
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## <aname="event"></a> `event`
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## <a name="getloc"></a> `getloc`
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Returns the stored locale object.
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Returns the stored `locale` object.
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```cpp
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locale getloc() const;
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```
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### Return Value
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The stored locale object.
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The stored `locale` object.
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### Example
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### Remarks
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The member function stores *`_Loc`* in the locale object and then reports the callback event and `imbue_event`. It returns the previous stored value.
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The member function stores *`_Loc`* in the `locale` object and then reports the callback event and `imbue_event`. It returns the previous stored value.
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### Example
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## <aname="ios_base"></a> `ios_base`
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Constructs ios_base objects.
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Constructs `ios_base` objects.
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```cpp
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ios_base();
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```
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### Remarks
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The (protected) constructor does nothing. A later call to `basic_ios::`[init](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md#init) must initialize the object before it can be safely destroyed. Thus, the only safe use for class ios_base is as a base class for class template [basic_ios](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md).
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The (protected) constructor does nothing. A later call to `basic_ios::`[init](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md#init) must initialize the object before it can be safely destroyed. Thus, the only safe use for class `ios_base` is as a base class for class template [`basic_ios`](../standard-library/basic-ios-class.md).
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## <aname="iostate"></a> `iostate`
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| `binary`| Open in binary mode. (See [`fopen`](../c-runtime-library/reference/fopen-wfopen.md) for a description of binary mode.)|
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| `in` | Open for reading |
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| `out` | Open for writing |
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| `trunc` | delete the contents of the file after open |
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| `trunc` | Delete the contents of the file after open |
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### Example
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## <aname="op_eq"></a> `operator=`
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The assignment operator for ios_base objects.
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The assignment operator for `ios_base` objects.
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```cpp
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ios_base& operator=(const ios_base& right);
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### Return Value
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The first member function returns the stored [display precision](../standard-library/ios-base-class.md). The second member function stores *_Prec* in the display precision and returns its previous stored value.
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The first member function returns the stored [display precision](../standard-library/ios-base-class.md). The second member function stores *`_Prec`* in the display precision and returns its previous stored value.
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### Remarks
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Floating-point numbers are displayed in fixed notation with [fixed](../standard-library/ios-functions.md#fixed).
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Floating-point numbers are displayed in fixed notation with [`fixed`](../standard-library/ios-functions.md#fixed).
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### Example
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### Remarks
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The static member function stores a `stdio` sync flag, which is initially `true`. When `true`, this flag ensures that operations on the same file are properly synchronized between the [`iostreams`](../standard-library/iostreams-conventions.md) functions and those defined in the C++ Standard Library. Otherwise, synchronization may or may not be guaranteed, but performance may be improved. The function stores *_Sync* in the `stdio` sync flag and returns its previous stored value. You can call it reliably only before performing any operations on the standard streams.
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The static member function stores a `stdio` sync flag, which is initially `true`. When `true`, this flag ensures that operations on the same file are properly synchronized between the [`iostreams`](../standard-library/iostreams-conventions.md) functions and those defined in the C++ Standard Library. Otherwise, synchronization may or may not be guaranteed, but performance may be improved. The function stores *`_Sync`* in the `stdio` sync flag and returns its previous stored value. You can call it reliably only before performing any operations on the standard streams.
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